2
10
58
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bf8ca50d2d52e3d3a50556095c4dd1ab
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Drawings, Paintings, Engraving, & Lithography
Description
An account of the resource
This collection focuses on representations and likenesses in the form of drawings, paintings, engraving, & lithography. The representations and likenesses may be created from oils, acrylics, ink, pencil, pastels, etc. They may be on many different substrates, but are often on processed forms of paper or canvas. This collection does not include photography.
Object
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
1914 Graphite Drawing-House-62 Main Street Farmington NH
Description
An account of the resource
1914 Graphite Drawing-House-62 Main Street Farmington NH
It was signed Leon Nahikian. But was either done by Sarkis Marookeh Nahikian born 1893 or his younger brother Dickran Marookeh Nahikian born 1899. This family emigrated from Armenia to Worcester, Mass in 1898, and moved to Michigan c 1915. Leon Narhikian is listed once in the Detroit city directory, but in every vital record both brothers used their Armenian names.
In 1918 a Marookeh Nahikian of Detroit was named as "brother" of Mardig Nahikian when Mardig registered for the WW 1 draft.
How the Nahikian family knew the family living at 62 Main Street in Farmington is a mystery.
The family living at 62 Main in the 1920 census was Chester Moulton and his wife and children. Chester was a fruit farmer. He had been married previously in 1899 to Edith Ham, had 5 children, but his wife left him and the children before 1910. A woman listed as "boarder" in his 1910 household, Carrie B. Jones, was "wife" by 1940 census although they did not marry until 1942.
This is a digital file. it is not in the museum collection.
FHS-RKL
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Either done by Sarkis Marookeh Nahikian born 1893 or his younger brother Dickran Marookeh Nahikian born 1899.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Jane Stephenson-Plainfield Historical Society
building
drawing
Farmington NH
graphite
house
main street
-
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cb8dd9e13e5edea4f2dedac1e7718ea4
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Books, Booklets, Ledgers, & Diaries
Object
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
B&W Boston & Maine Bulletin 1977
Description
An account of the resource
B&M Bulletin 1977. This edition of the magazine covers the history of the NH Cocheco Railroad. It features information and a photo about the Farmington NH station on page eleven.
RKL FHS
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Donated by Florence Young
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Boston and Maine Railroad Historical Society, Inc
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1977
Farmington
Farmington NH
railroad
station
trains
-
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08adda1c3b253095905e0a32e569c5ee
PDF Text
Text
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Books, Booklets, Ledgers, & Diaries
Object
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Nedeaus Vest Pocket Guide of the Town of Farmington
Description
An account of the resource
Nedeaus Vest Pocket Guide of the Town of Farmington
RKL-FHS
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Nedeau
business
Farmington NH
guide
people
stores
-
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26ff9082cc2af9c61e16734a41c00488
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
St. Peters Church Exterior
Description
An account of the resource
St. Peters Church was founded in 1916 and started with a congregation of about twenty-five parishioners. In 1924 the " barn church" was moved back on the property and a new, "proper" house of worship was built on site. A half a century later the church building was no longer able to hold the increasing number of attendees. The old church was was torn down and the parish hall was remodeled into a church sanctuary with much larger seating capacity.
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Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
St. Peters Church Interior Sanctuary
Description
An account of the resource
St. Peters Church was founded in 1916 and started with a congregation of about twenty-five parishioners. In 1924 the " barn church" was moved back on the property and a new, "proper" house of worship was built on site. A half a century later the church building was no longer able to hold the increasing number of attendees. The old church was was torn down and the parish hall was remodeled into a church sanctuary with much larger seating capacity.
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67f51986abb57cd7bb79e88432f72709
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Circa 1948 Photo St. Peters Church Rev. Arthur Dufour surrounded by young parishioners.
Description
An account of the resource
Rev. Arthur Dufour surrounded by young parishioners outside St. Peters Catholic. Rev Dufour was pastor from 1947 to 1964.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
circa 1948
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
Circa 1948
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Photography & Streographs
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mixed Photo Collection From February 1986 Puddledock Press(St. Peters Church)
Description
An account of the resource
St. Peters Church was founded in 1916 and started with a congregation of about twenty-five parishioners. In 1924 the " barn church" was moved back on the property and a new, "proper" house of worship was built on site. A half a century later the church building was no longer able to hold the increasing number of attendees. The old church was was torn down and the parish hall was remodeled into a church sanctuary with much larger seating capacity.
In the second photo, Rev. Arthur Dufour surrounded by young parishioners outside St. Peters Catholic. Rev Dufour was pastor from 1947 to 1964.
Mixed photo collection from the Puddledock Press. These photos are stored together. They are from different periods of time. Last pulled together for possible use in February 1986. Please read each photo explanation for possible details. If you have information not contained in the description about a photo, please pass it on to us so we may update or records and extend public historical record.
FHS-RKL
building
church
Farmington NH
parishioners
people
religion
Rev Arthur Dufour
sanctuary
St Peters
-
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8891d80bbac542e903cd0c311e220944
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Photography & Streographs
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mixed Photo Collection 3rd Annual Goodwin Library Art Exhibition Feb 1986 From March 1986 Puddledock Press
Description
An account of the resource
Mixed Photo Collection 3rd Annual Goodwin Library Art Exhibition Feb 1986 From March 1986 Puddledock Press The Goodwin Library recently held its 3rd annual Art Exhibition, running from February 10 – February 15. <br /><br />From the caption in the March 1986 Puddledock Press edition:<br /><br /><em>More than 45 works of art were on hand and most were loaned by local residents. </em><br /><br /><em>Head Librarian, Phyllis Kuligowski, co-originater of the event, was very pleased with this year's turnout. The first Art Exhibition, in 1984, consisted of approximately 15 oil paintings, but has gfrown to also include pastels, ink sketches, black and white photographs, and crafts as well. </em><br /><br /><em>Local artist, Anna Richards, displayed three of her oil paintings. Ms. Richards, a long time resident of Farmington, has been painting for the last 10 years and conducting art classes for the last three. Due to her enthusiasm and encouragement, several of her students decided to participate also. Each student chose their own subject matter, resulting in a colorful addition to the other oil painting on display. Ms Richards said that though some of her students were reluctant at first, they soon were glad they took this opportunity to show their creativity. </em><br /><br /><em>Elementary school principal, Tim Woodward, loaned 8 items to the event, including several pressed flower arrangements and some unique oil paintings on wood.</em><br /><br /><em> Two more Farmington residents, Ed and Betty Demers, also contributed a few of their works. Mr. Demers displayed two of his woodworkings; a hand carved rooster, and a beautiful hand made dulcimer. For those like myself, who may not be familiar with it, Mr. Demers was able to provide us with a bit of history concerning the dulcimer. Dating back to medieval Europe, the dulcimer is a musical instrument with sounds similar to a zither. Though not known for sure, it is believed to have been introduced to this country by the Pennsylvania Germans, some 200 years ago. Though the instrument he exhibited was made of cherry wood, he has made at least 24 others, using woods such as pine and walnut. Desides those items, Mr. Demers has also handcrafted several wooden chests and decoys. Mrs. Demers loaned 2 of her oil paintings to the exhibition. </em><br /><br /><em>If you were unable to get out and see the exhibition this time around, don't despair, because Mrs. Kuligowski is planning an even larger exhibit for next year. </em><br /><br />RKL-FHS
animals
art
event
Farmington NH
floral
Goodwin Library
landscape
paintings
still life
woodwork
-
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860a973469ffb21ccfe3cf2af44fdecc
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Photography & Streographs
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Photo Of The Clementines From The April 1986 Edition Puddledock Press
Description
An account of the resource
Back Row; Left to Right: M. Bonney, L. Keen, M. Bruce, A. Wheeler, M. Calo, F. Lynn, E. Tilley, A. Wheeler, C. Smith, J. Beairsto, R. Silvia Middle Row: G. Butler, S. Edgerly, E. Campbell, S. Marble, M. Hanson, E. Gibbs, A. Scott, E. Sanborn,'B. Briscoe, J. Radcliffe, M. Hunt, J. Lagassie. Front Row: L. Berry, L. Dame, J. Gray, C. McKay, J. Woodward, C. Campbell, C. Sager, M. Morphy, and P. Lepene not pictured: S. Chandler, M. Galecki, and J. Leeman <br /><br />From the April 1986 Puddledock article with the photo:<br /><br /><em>The Clementines are busily preparing for their annual spring show to be presented at Farmington High School, May 3, 1986. The theme for this year's show is "MUSIC MAGIC" and promises to have some unusual and inter-esting groups performing on that night. <br /><br />In past years, the Clementines have presented a strictly barbershop show, but this year have chosen to invite a variety of musical groups to appear with them„ These groups will include the following: "The ConChords", a mixed chorus from Concord, N.H., "After Hours",a teen-age barbershop cho-rus from Beverly High School, Beverly, Masso, under the direction of Mr„ Robert Lynn, brother of Frank Lynn, director of the Clementines. Brother Bob, as he is affectionately known by the Clementines, is also bringing a teen-age show choir„ To add even more variety to this year's show, the Clementines will be presenting to their audience a six piece Dixieland Band called "Just Jazz" from Alton, New Hampshire. Returning after sev-eral year's absence is "Both Sides of the Fence", a barbershop quartet from Nashua, N.H., which is unique in that it features two husband and wife teams, Since their last appearance with us, this quartet has made several trips abroad to perform and has also cut their own record. Add to the above named groups the "Clementines" themselves, who will be per-forming twice during the evening and also will be presenting their own 2 quartets, the "C-Notes" and "B-Naturals", each of which has their own special style. As an added attraction and for the enjoyment of the audi-ence Mrso Lois Fogg, of Milton, N.H., will be entertaining at the piano from 7:00-7 00 p°m. and during intermission.<br /><br />The Clementines expect this to be one of their very finest shows, and they would be happy to have everyone come and join them. Showtime starts at 7:30 p.m. at the Farmington High School Gym. Ticket prices are $3.50 in advance or $4.00 at the door Children's prices $1.00„ Tickets are available at Osgood's drugstore or from any Clementine.<br /><br /><br /></em>Part of a mixed photo collection from the March 1986 edition of the Puddledock Press. These photos are stored together. They are from different periods of time. Last pulled together for possible use in April 1986.<em><br /><br /></em>RKL-FHS
Farmington NH
group
people
performance
photo
singers
song
The Clementines
women
-
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b2cf5363c188931cdca454950f2295cf
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Photography & Streographs
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
1986 Puddledock Photo Of Edwin Carlson At Puddledock Grooming
Description
An account of the resource
From the April 1986 Puddledock article with the photo: <br /><br /><em>Puddledock Grooming, located at 20 So. Main St; is owned and managed by Edwin Carlson, Formerly from Strafford, and now living in Alton, Edwin has been in business as Puddledock Grooming for two years. He gained his experience and ex¬pertise in grooming from participating as a handler in dog shows. Indeed, he started at age eight showing dogs in the 4—H Clubs. </em><br /><br /><em>As a professional handler he has trav¬eled as recently as February to Madison Square Garden in New York City. While there, the Borzor he showed won Best of Breed. Among the obvious services offered at Puddledock Grooming! grooming, clipping, washing, etc., Edwin also offers canine tattoos for ID purposes. It may not be as obvious that cats are catered to also at Puddledock Grooming. </em><br /><br /><em>Scheduling appointments are no problem as Mr. Carlson will open early to accommodate one's work schedule. He will also pick up and return the animals himself. </em><br /><br /><em>Edwin enjoys working in a small town such as Farmington where everyone knows each other, and looks forward to being of service to you and your pet. Part of a mixed photo collection from the March 1986 edition of the Puddledock Press.</em> <br /><br />These photos are stored together. They are from different periods of time. Last pulled together for possible use in April 1986. RKL-FHS
animals
business
Farmington NH
people
Puddledock
-
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db3b2f86c6bf6c066489a2f9faedbfc5
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Photography & Streographs
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
1986 Pudledock Photo Of Annie Pierce & Other Students Visiting Local Senior Citizens
Description
An account of the resource
From the April 1986 Puddledock article with the photo:<br /><br /><em>On March 27, 1986 a number of 7th and 8th grade Chapter I students visited the Farmington Town Hall to bring Easter greetings to the Senior citizens of the Strafford County Nutrition Pro¬gram during their lunchtime. These cards, poems and stories written by the Chapter I students of Main Street School under the direction of Mrs. Condon and Mrs. Pettis allow for some days of excitement and creativity ranging on a variety of subjects selected by the students. For the past two years Chapter I students have been visiting other senior citizen homes in the Far¬mington area and it has proven to be a very rewarding experience for all concerned. </em><br /><br /><em>Trudy Pence, coordinator of the Senior Cit¬izen's Services, was very enthused about this event. In addition to the Senior Citizens vis¬ited on Thursday, additional creative writings were delivered on Good Friday along with the home delivered meals. Approximately 40-50 senior citizens in total received these Easter surprises. </em><br /><br /><em>The Chapter I Program at Main Street School and Memorial Drive Elementary is primarily a remedial reading program. Creative writing, however, plays an important role in language development and this is significant in reading as well. The elementary students are working on creative writings and are then able to see them printed on the computer. A great deal of reward and satisfaction is seen by the students and Chapter I staff as the stories are printed out on the computer.</em><br /><br />These photos are stored together. They are from different periods of time. Last pulled together for possible use in April 1986.<br /><br /> RKL-FHS
civic duty
Farmington NH
people
program
schools
seniors
students
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Photography & Streographs
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Collection Of Photos From 1986 Farmington Fire Department Awards Dinner Covered In May 1986 Issue Puddledock Press
Description
An account of the resource
From the May 1986 Puddledock article with the photos:<br /><br /><p class="Style1"><em>Both past and present members of the Farmington Volunteer Fire Department were recently honored at the Department's Annual Awards and Recognition Dinner, held at the fire station. Over 75 people turned out for the event, which began with a cocktail hour at 6 p.m. and a roast beef supper following at 7 p.m.</em></p>
<p class="Style2"><em>On behalf of the V.F.W., George and Velma Easton presented the Department with an American Flag, which was accepted by Chief Rit Moulton and Clark Hackett.</em></p>
<p class="Style2"><em>After dinner, Deputy Chief Plante took a few minutes to speak of a half credit course which he instructs at the high school. This twice-a-week course trains students in the fire prevention field. He expressed his hope that these students would be able to one day join the fire department. He also went on to name three people currently on the Department' s training list - Tony Laurich, Paul Lanza, and Dana Ricker Capt. McGuigan later explained that these three people are undergoing a series of tests to help insure they qualify to become fire fighters. As he put it, "Because fire fighting is said to be one of the most dangerous occupations in the world, you can't just walk in off the street and become a fire fLghter. You need to pass physical tests and undergo hours of training before qualifying".</em></p>
<p class="Style2"><em>Also during the evening, State Forest Ranger, Al Grimes, (perhaps better known as Smokey the Bear) awarded Carlton Thomas with a certificate for 20 years as a Deputy Forest Fire Warden. Doug Houston, Vicki Bemis and Martin Stanley all received their badges, making them official members of the fire department. Ms. Bemis also holds the honor of being the first woman on Farmington's Fire Department. Plaques were given to all of this year's retirees, even though two did not have enough years with the Department to become honorary members. Both Chief Moulton and Deputy Chief Plante passed out plaques to Percy Day, for five years of service, Lyle Doughty, for seven years, John Fitch for twelve years, and Peter Dickie; for twenty-eight years. When Mr. Fitch and Mr. Dickie were asked to return to the podium, Mr. Fitch jokingly asked, "Why, do you want these plaques back?", which was answered by a thundering of laughter and applause. But once there,both men were presented with gold badges, making them honorary members of the Department.</em></p>
<p class="Style2"><em>At this point, the supper formally ended, but guests were invited to stay and mingle with the crowd. Needless to say, everyone seemed to have a great time, and next year's dinner is being eagerly anticipated.</em></p>
<br />These photos are stored together. They are from different periods of time. Last pulled together for possible use in May 1986.<br /><br /> RKL-FHS
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
May 1986 Puddledock article, photo: credit not listed
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1986
awards
Farmington Fire Department
Farmington NH
honors
people
public safety
social function
-
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3d115b0d170cd4db23dc0bf037aa135f
PDF Text
Text
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�:
THE
NEW ENGLAND
GAZETTEER;
CONTAINING
DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL THE STATES, COUNTIES AND TO^VNS
IN
ALSO
LAKES,
DESCKIPTIONS OF THE PRINCIPAL MOUNTAINS, RIVERS,
CAPES, BAYS, HARBORS, ISLANDS, AND
FASHIONABLE RESORTS
WITHIN THAT TERRITORY.
ALP
B
Y
FI
A B ET C AL L Y ARRA N G E D
I
J
Author of the
OHN HAY
WARD
,
Columbian Traveller, Religious Creeds, &c. &c.
FOURTEENTH EDITION.
CONCORD,
ISRAEL
S.
.
-^-T^cToFcG^r^
N. H.
^"^T-i::.
BOYD AND WILLIAM WHITE.
BOSTON:
JOHN H A Y W
184
1.
A R D
.
""^
'
�Entered according
to
Act
of Congress, in the year 1839,
by
JOHN HAY WARD,
in
the
Clerk's Office
of the
District
Court in Massachusetts.
STEREOTYPED AND PRINTED BY
WILLIAM WHITE,
CONCORD, N.H.
�;
PREFACE.
The preparation
patronage of
its
of a Gazetteer ot
New
England, worthy the
no easy task
those only who
can form a just conception of its difficulties. Long
enlightened citizens,
is
:
have attempted it
and wearisome journeys must be performed ; hundreds of volumes and
local histories must be consulted, and thousands of letters must be written.
Although a kind Providence has blessed the editor with health, and
with numerous friends, in all parts of New England yet, after a long
period of devotedness, he is mortified that his work is not more complete.
;
It will
be perceived that there are
many
towns, particularly in the
New
England, whose names are merely mentioned
and that notices of others, in many cases, are exceedingly deficient. Had
eastern section of
our means permitted,
fair
representations of the character and resources
of those towns might have promoted individual and public interests
enhanced the value of our volume.
northern and eastern parts of
New
;
and
There are lakes and rivers in the
England, whose beauty, volume of
water, and hydraulic power, might vie with the Winnepisiogee and Merrimack ; but whose locations and even names are but indistinctly known.
But we have the
land, perfect in
try
is
new
:
rather desii-ed than expected.
large portions of the territory of the
are yet a wilderness, and
New
EngOur counEngland States,
consolation to believe that a Gazetteer of
all its parts, is
new
New
counties and towns are very frequently
constituted.
The
progress of agricultural science, and of the mechanic arts
advancement of commerce, both
at
home and
;
the
abroad, and the increasing
success of the fisheries, united with the determination of the people of
New England to connect the trade of the western oceans with their
Atlantic borders,
by
roads of iron,
which
frosts
cannot impede, are so
great and strong, that the most devoted geographical and statistical writers
must be satisfied with following at a distance, rather than keeping pace
with the rapid car of improvement in New England.
Al
�—
PREFACE.
In the performance of our work
valuable maps and books on
New
we have
derived assistance from
Among
England.
many
number a
the
re-
Belknap's History of New
Hampshire; Williamson's Maine; Dwight's Letters; Savage's
spectful tribute
due, particularly,
is
Thacher's
Winthrop;
to
Folsom's Saco and Biddeford;
Plymouth;
Hale's Map of New England;
Benton
Statistics:
Stevens' Rhode Island; CArrigain's New Hampshire and Greenleaf's Maine:— to Worcester's Gazetteer; Thompson's Vermont;
Pease and Niles' Rhode Island and Connecticut; Spofford's Massachusetts, and Farmer and Moore's Gazetteer of New Hampshire.
From the latter work, and from its authors, the lamented John Farmer, Esq., a celebrated antiquarian and writer, and Jacob B. Moore,
and Barrey's
;
N. H., author of several valuable
Esq., of Concord,
we
cellaneous works,
in regard to
are indebted for
much
of that
and mis-
which
valuable
is
Hampshire.
a beautiful volume, entitled " Connecticut Historical Collec-
From
tions,"
New
historical
by John
Warner Barber,
Esq.,
we have been
permitted to
enrich our pages with some of their most valuable and interesting
ar-
ticles.
To Heads of Departments
at
Washington, and
to the Secretaries of the
which the work refers, for valuable public documents;
and to numerous other friends who have kindly assisted
to Postmasters
us in our labors whose names we should feel proud to mention, were it
we tender the acknowledgments of a
in accordance with their wishes
several States to
;
;
;
grateful heart.
For the purpose of enlarging our work,
our editions will he designedly small
:
as well as for its correction,
contributions are therefore respect-
fully solicited.
While
it is
our determination
to
devote our time and humble talents to
render our publications worthy of general approbation
with the assurance of co-operation from eminent
country
;
and
we
trust
with confidence
to
men
;
we
are gratified
in all parts of the
receive that patronage, which
home and abroad, invariably bestow on every
whose obvious design is usefulness.
Yankees, both
at
effort
���;
NEW ENGLAND
In
presenting the public with a Gazetteer of
proper
to
make
character of
its
a
New England, it has
few introductory remarks of
inhabitants.
They may with
seemed
a general nature, on the
great propriety be called
a peculiar people : and perhaps New England and Pennsylvania are the
only parts of the new world, which have been colonized by a class of
men, who can be regarded in that light. The whole of Spanish and Portuguese America was organized, under the direct patronage of the mother
countries, into various colonial governments, as nearly resembling those at
home
as the nature of the case
admitted.
The adventurers who sought
their fortunes beyond the sea, in those golden tropical regions, carried the
vices and the virtues with the laws and the manners of their native land,
along with them, and underwent no farther change than was unavoidably
new
physical and political condition in which they
were
same force, may
be made of the Virginia colonists they differed from Englishmen at
home in no other way, than a remote and feeble colony must of necessity
differ from a powerful metropolitan state.
Pennsylvania was settled by
a peculiar race but its peculiarity was of that character which eventually exhausts itself; and would speedily perish but for an amalgamation,
necessary though uncongenial, with the laws, the manners, and institutions of the world.
If all mankind were Friends they might subsist and
prosper.
A colony of Friends, thrown upon a savage shore and environed
incident to the
placed in America.
The same remark, with nearly
the
:
;
by
from foreign colonial establishments, would perish,
by forces and principles different from its own. In the settlers of New England alone we find a peculiar people ;
but at the same
time a people whose peculiarity was founded on safe practical principles
if
hostile influences
not upheld
—
reconcileable with the duties of
life
;
capable of improvement in the pro-
gress of civilization, and of expanding into a powerful state, as well as of
animating a poor and persecuted colony.
�NEW ENGLAND.
Had
ed
America been discovered and
not
English colonization
for
such an uninviting spot
fortunes, the world
;— nay,
as furnished
would have
which the
fathers of
have made
it
class.
A
to
men
of prosperous
noble developement of character
A
tropical climate would
would have filled it up
gold mine would have been a curse
exhibit.
uninhabitable to Puritans
with adventurers of a different
upon our continent reservit not been precisely
no temptation
lost that
New England
a tract
further, had
;
or rather
Had the fields produced cotton and sugar, they
have produced the men whom we venerate as the founders of
to the latest generation.
would not
the liberties of
New England.
Puritanism sprang up in England, but there it could not develope itself
with vigor or consist with happiness.
The conflict with the hostile institutions of society was too sharp, and admitted of the cultivation of none
but the militant or patient elements of character.
To struggle with
temporary success and to bow in permanent subjection was the necessary
fate of the persecuted sect.
So it was wisely ordained.
Had Puritanism permanently mastered the church and the throne in England, it
would have been corrupted.
It would have picked up and worn the
trampled diadem
it would have installed itself in the subjected church.
Regarding Cromwell and the Rump Parliament as the gift of Puritanism
to
:
English liberty,
most
to sigh or smile.
it is
a bequest
The
at
which we know not whether
fell by the way side
seed sown in England
and the fowls came and devoured it up. The cause of political and social
reform, which was conducted with self-denying wisdom and moderation
in the outset,
by single-hearted, honest men, degenerated
In the moment of
triumph
as
it
prospered.
sunk under the corruptions of selfishness, as a noble vessel which has braved the tempest in mid-ocean sometimes goes
to
its
it
pieces on the rocks as it'approaches land.
But the precious seeds of liberty, civil and religious, which were sown
New England, fell upon a genial soil, and brought forth worthy and
abiding fruit.
Undertaking the same work which was undertaken by
in
their brethren in England, our fathers conducted
small things, through hardships,
It is true there
trial,
it
and disasters,
were greater obstacles
to
through the days of
to a
triumphant issue.
be encountered in England, in
the resistance of established institutions.
Deep rooted errors were to be
up the towers of feudal oppression, which had stood for centuries,
were to be overthrown. But the influence of these formidable institutions
was not limited to Old England,
The rod of arbitrary power reached
torn
;
The little colonies had to struggle with the crown
and the hierarchy, with the privy council and with special commissions,
with writs and acts of parliament and they had besides to struggle with the
across the Atlantic.
;
�NEW ENGLAND.
savage foe, of a sterner
hardships of the wilderness, the dangers of the
the privations of a settler's life,
climate than that of their native land,
mother country ;— but they
the alternating neglect and oppression of the
of abuses in England, as
struggled successfully with all. The reformers
scattered a house
they claimed to be called, brought a king to the block,
with all the powers
clothed
of lords, and saw their great military leader
and in twelve years the son of that king returned to the throne,
state
of
amidst a jubilee of nanot merely by an unconditional restoration, but
All the while the
rejoicing and without one security for liberty.
;
tional
New
fathers of
extravagance
England held on
when
their cause at
their
home
even Avay
(as
;
not betrayed into
they fondly called Old Eng-
in despair at the miserable relapse which enand
not indeed live to reap the fruit of their principles
They did
sued.
reflects but the greater honor upon them that they
and it
their sacrifices
great work from a sense of duty, deep-seated, con-
land)
was triumphant; nor
;
persevered in their
while they lived, unretrolling, fearless, and not the less so although,
warded by worldly success.
actuated by the only prinIn fact the founders of New England were
It need not be said that this was
ciple sufficient to produce this result.
How easily it is uttered of our Pilgrim fathers that
principle.
religions
little in these prosperthey were actuated by religious principle ; how
description of their
all that is wrapped up in that
ous days do we realize
comprehend of others what we have not
is dithcult to
character
It
!
experienced in ourselves.
a highly
capaWe
That easy frame of mind which prevails among
is scarcely
favored people, in periods of halcyon prosperity,
with the moral heroism, the spirof being placed in sympathy
truly animated
courage, the sublime equanimity of a generation
persecution, and purified by hardby the relio^ious principle, exalted by
of the
such a period we can, by diligent contemplation
itual
ship.
Happy if in
men of
conceiving
other days, exalt our imaginations, till by
proportion as we do this,
In
form a desire to imitate their virtues
success. They did all
realize the secret of their perseverance and
venerated
we
we
!
shall
What cannot man do when
things through Christ strengthening them.
this life as a preparatory
he has learned habitually and distinctly to regard
introductory to an eternal
a brief hour,— nay a fleeting moment,
scene,—
being'?
The
means and
fathers of
New
England were enabled, with
their scanty
institutions
feeble powers, to establish the foundation of
which
hutliat they regarded
will last to the end of time, for the very reason
moral naman interests and delights as transitory. That paradox in our
triumph out of self-denial,
tures which educes strength out of weakness,
out of a stern preference of things not of
all
worldly power and success
�NEW ENGLAND.
this world, received its
pilgrim fathers of
New
most illustrious confirmation in the career of the
England.
This principle of our natures
success which attended the
There
these shores.
is
the key to the great problem of the
forlorn
hope of humanity that landed on
indeed a fanaticism, which violates
is
all
the laws
which belong
and the humbler influences which grow from the
an
of our nature, alike the higher ulterior principles
to
immortal
rela-
spirit,
It leads to surprising
tions of ordinary life.
which dazzle us with
deeds;
brilliant eccentricities.
it
forms characters
near allied
It is
to
mad-
But the religiousness of the fathers of New
It
England was a far different principle.
It was eminently practical.
allied itself with wise institutions of government; it sought the guidance
ness
;
often runs into
of education
;
it
it.
encouraged the various pursuits of industry;
for the public safety
and defence
;
it
provided
and with chaste discrimination admit-
It is difficult to say what sort of a
ted the courtesies of polished life.
commonwealth George Fox would have founded, had circumstances called him to assume the province of the legislator. It is most certain, that
in setting up an immediate divine inspiration as the guide of every man,
he maintained a principle at war with the very idea of a political system
and all its institutions nor is it less certain that the constitution which
was actually granted to Pennsylvania, by its pure and noble-spirited pro;
possessed
prietor,
little
of the
peculiarities
But the
peaceful, and equitable temper.
ped short of the point where
They pursued
of his sect but their mild,
fathers of
New
England
stop-
solemn conviction passes into enthusiasm.
the ordinary occupations of
life,
planted the
vessels and navigated the sea, and carried on the usual
field, built
mechanic
arts.
They made provision for protection against the Indians and the French.
They organized a plan of civil government; they established by law a
system of common school education, for the first time in the history of the
world, and they founded a college for the avowed purpose of training up
men, well
a class of educated
and pious ministers
grims.
who had
qualified to take the place of the learned
emigra-ted with the
These are the doings of
first
generation of
intelligent and practical
pil-
men, not of en-
and yet they are the doings of men so resolutely
thusiasts or fanatics
bent upon the exercise of the right of worshipping God according to the
;
dictates of their consciences,
home,
fortune, and
To say
all
that the fathers of
to say that
they were
that they
that the mass of
men
;
New
to
were willing
men
to sacrifice
to it
hold dear.
England were not
faultless, is
merely
say that they established no institutions,
the object of which was to bind the consciences of their successors,
praise asjust as
it is
high.
If they adhered with
undue tenacity
is
to their
�NEW ENGLAND.
own
opinions, and
least left
failed in
charity towards those
who
differed,
they
at
beforehand
their posterity free, without the attempt to secure
the control of minds in other ages by transmitted symbols and tests.
Hu-
manity mourns over the rigors practised towards Roger Williams, the
Quakers, and the unhappy persons suspected of witchcraft but let it
;
was executed at Wurzburg,
and that even in 1760 two women were thrown into the water in Leicestershire, in England, to ascertain by their sinking or swimming whether
they were witches. Above all, it may deserve thoughtful enquiry, before
we condemn the founders of New England, whether a class of men less
stern in their principles and austere in their tempers, could have accomnot be forgotten that, as late as 17.49, a witch
plished, under all the discouragements that surrounded them, against all
the obstacles
which
dence called them,
stood in their
way, the greal work
— the foundation of
to
which Provi-
a family of republics,
under
a constitution of free representative
reason
to
government.
confederated
There
is
every
believe, great and precious as are the results of their principles,
world, that the quickening power of those
more and more displayed, with every leaf that is turned
hitherto manifested to the
principles will be
in the book of Providence.
That
ses
part of the United States denominated
SIX STATES, SIXTY
EIGHTY TOWNS.
New
Eivglazvd, compri-
ONE COUNTIES, and TWELVE HUJVDRED AND
Their extent, divisions, and population
periods, are as follows
:
at several
�NEW ENGLAND.
New England
In 1830, there were in
798 blind, and 18,668
dumb
1,112 persons deaf and
The number
aliens.
;
of colored persons in 1820,
was 20,782—1830, 21,310. See Register.
New England increased in population, from 1790,
per
to 1800, 22.1
cent: from 1800, to 1810, 19.3 per cent: from 1810, to 1820, 12.7 per
cent: from 1820, to 1830, 17.7 per cent; and from" 1830,
When
cent.
it is
nally peopled by
considered, that most of the western states were origi-
New
Englanders, and that vast numbers annually emi-
grate to those states, this increase of population
with other Atlantic
is
1S37, 12.4
to
stated at 120,000
The
states.
;
in 1755, at 345,000
BouJVDARiEs AND EXTENT.
;
and in 1775,
This territory
compared
favorable,
is
New
population of
is
England
in 1700,
at 714,000.
bounded north and
northwest by Lower Canada, about 375 miles, and east by the Province of
New Brunswick, 275 miles.
Its
whole eastern, southeastern and southern
borders are washed by the Atlantic ocean and the waters of
Sound, a distance of about 600 miles.
of
New York, 280 miles.
New England is situated
Its
It is
Long
Island
bounded west by the
circumference
state
about 1,530 miles.
is
between 41°, and 48° 12' north hitiJude, and
Greenwich.
Its greatest
length is between the sources of the Madawaska, Me., and Greenwich,
Ct., about 575 miles; and its greatest breadth is between Machias, Me.,
and Highgate, Vt., 300 miles.
Its narrowest part is between Boston
and West Stockbridge, Mass., 135 miles^
65°
and 74°
55',
Name.
10'
west longitude from
During the unsuccessful attempts of
Sir
Walter Raleigh
to
plant colonies within the territory of North America, from 1584 to 1587,
the whole country was called Virginia, in honor of
was then on the
into
two
In 1606, James
British throne.
sections, JVorth
Queen
I.
Elizabeth,
who
divided the country
and South Virginia; but
the French having
taken possession of the Canadas, and founded Quebec, in 1608, and the
Dutch having established colonies at New York and Albany, in 1613,
the
intermediate
New
England,
in
to his native land,
New
the
to its
New
England
States,
who visited
first settlers
this coast in 1614.
We
England people are frequently called Yankees.
warranted in stating, from the best authority, that of the
Heckewelder,
that the
Lena Lenape,
nounced the word English, Yengees.
but in the course of years, in
Indian names and phrases,
it
late
are
learned
a tribe of Indians belonging to
the Six Nations, on the arrival of our forefathers to
spelt,
was called
luxuriance and beauty, and in honor
by the celebrated John Smith, one of the
of Virginia, in 1607; and
The
now
territory,
compliment
these shores, pro-
The word was thus
common
originally
with thousands of other
became corrupted
to
Yankee.
The
first
•
�—
NEW ENGLAND.
land
Englanders
honorable
ply
—
were English,
or
Englishmen, from Old Eng-
the term Yankee, or English,
and however
;
New
New England
of
settlers
themselves, and reproachful only
to
may be
applied to
the descendants of the Puritans consider the term
who
those
to
misap-
it.
New
Surface, Soil and Productions.
ed for
Mountains
varied surface.
its
and solitary eminences
intervales
is
distinguishspurs,
beautiful swells, extended valleys, and alluvial
;
meet the eye
England
immense ranges, bold
in
in
Large
every direction.
rivers, unrivalled for
courses and hydraulic power; brooks, rivulets, expansive
their rapid
more than
lakes, countless ponds; and a sea coast of
hundred miles,
six
decorated with delightful bays, harbors, and romantic islands, form and
beautify the outline of a picture of
The
New
soil of
sand exist in
all
England
New
fitted, in
;
a light
is
The
soij
clay, and
most gener-
brown loam, mixed with
different degrees of moisture
common
production
Loam,
as varied as its surface.
is
their varieties and mixtures.
ally diffused through this country,
gravel
England.
and dryness,
for
every
to the climate; and capable, with proper culture,
of the highest fertility.
The agricultural productions of this country are exceedingly numerThe staple articles, and such as are cultivated in all
ous and valuable.
their varieties, are grass, Indian corn, wheat,
hemp, broom corn,
peas, flax,
rye, barley, oats, beans,
potatoes, onions,
millet,
beets,
carrots,
trinips, squashes, melons, &c.
The
New
fruits of
England, both wild and cultivated, are
merous and abundant.
ces, grapes, in
butternuts
all
&c.
tiful in
New
their varieties;
walnuts, chesnuts, Madeira nuts,
This
is
but the
commencement
England, and remarkable
The forests
of
New
Among the
so great
list
of the fruits, plen-
and
flavor.
a noble variety of trees, not only
all
that a catalogue
the uses of man.
of
The number
them would cover pages.
most valuable are the varieties of the pine, cedar, oak, wal-
nut, spruce, maple, beech, birch, ash
fir,
of a
for their richness
England exhibit
delightful to the eye, but valuable for
is
nu-
strawberries, whortleberries, blackberries, mulberries, rasp-
;
berries,
of these
also
Apples, pears, peaches, plums, cherries, quin-
;
the hemlock, hacmatack, elm,
&c.
The botanical
resources of
section of our country.
New
Among
England are not
the
inferior to
any other
most beautiful native flowering
shrubs are the laurel, rose, honeysuckle, and woodbine.
MiJVERALOGy.
New
England unquestionably possesses a vast and
�NEW ENGLAND.
rich variety of minerals
but until recently
;
ploughing the ocean, or digging
in
o:i its
people have been too busy
its
surface, to search for ti'easures
its hills and valleys.
A spirit of exploration, howLearned
which promises the most favorable results.
and indefatigable men are in the fieldj and the wisdom of our legislatures
will keep them there.
within the bosom of
ever, has arisen,
Granite or sienite, in
all its
Varieties,
marble of various hues, varying
polish,
pected
is
is
abundant; coal
no wood
and
;
it is
abundant
to exist,
but
for roofing
abundant.
is
New
not.
buildings
;
Gold and silver are said
Fine clay, sandstone, manganese
and various other
Garnets, cobalt, rock
been discovered
Copper
forests.
England; and iron ore, of a pure quality,
in various sections of the country.
we hope
states:
abundant on Cape Cod, where there
found in meadows surrounded by
exists in various parts of
is
in all the
most of which, bearing a fine
found in various places, and strongly sus-
is
Peat
to exist in others.
common
is
in quality,
in various parts of
articles for
crystals,
New
;
slatestone,
necessary use are
and other minerals
have
England, and which are men-
tioned under their localities within the volume.
Climate.
The
above.
and
to
New
England is exceedingly various:
below the zero of Fahrenheit to 95°
The mercury has been known to descend from 20° to 30° below,
climate of
the temperature ranges from
102° above
;
15'^
but such cases rarely occur.
European philosophers have imagined that the coldness of this part of
America was caused by our northwest winds, proceeding, as they have
thought, /rom the great lakes, which are situated in the interior of North
America: but since it has been discovered that the great lakes lie westward of the true N. W. point, that opinion has been exploded.
A second cause to which the coldness of these winds has been attributed, is a chain of high mountains running from southwest to northeast,
in Canada and New Britain, at a great distance beyond the St. Lawrence.
A
third opinion
is
that of the
venerated Dr. Holyoke, of Salem,
supposed that the numerous evergreens in this country are the
of the peculiar cold
which
it
experiences.
coldness of these winds proceeds from
i\\e
A
fourth opinion
is,
who
source
that the
forested state of the country.
all those we have menwhich generate the peculiar cold of this
Dr. Dwight entertained an opinion different from
tioned,
viz: that the winds
country descend, in most cases,
phere.
The N. W. wind
gree of cold
is
increased.
from
the superior regions of the atmos-
rarely brings snow, but
The deepest snows
fall
when
it
does, the de-
with a N. E. wind, and
storms from that quarter are most violent and of longest duration.
the mountains, the snow
falls earlier
On
and remains later than in the low
�NEW ENGLAND.
On
grounds.
those elevated sun^.mits, the winds have greater force in
driving the snow into the long and deep gullies of the mountains, where
is
it
are seen on the south sides of
the highest
monly
it
not to be dissolved by the vernal sun.
so consolidated, as
snow
till
A
July.
southeast storm
shorter, than one from the
A
soon changes to rain.
One
common
in
its
is
If
com-
begin with snow,
it
duration
W. with snow
S.
very short.
is
Squalls of
March.
by the inhabitants
of our
derived from the frequent changes in the state of the atmos-
The temperature
phere.
Spots of
May, and on
often as violent, but
is
northeast.
of the greatest inconveniences suffered
country,
as late as
wind from the W. or
brisk
or rain, sometimes happens, but
this kind are
mountains
Changes
Changes from wet
hours.
are
to dry,
known
has been
change 44°
to
though seldom
frequent,
and from dry
to
twenty four
the same
in
wet, are
in
at
degree.
times unpleasant,
and probably unhealthy.
There is no month in the year which is not
sometimes very pleasant, and sometimes disagreeable.
In a series of
years, our most pleasant months
Often the
tember
are,
is
the 20th of September to the
The temperature
delightful.
Summer.
Some persons
be a more pleasant month than either September or October.
there are
usually a few days of intense
In
heat.
except the brilliancy and beauty of the heavens,
confessed to have the superiority over
tation
is
wonderful
literal sense,
;
and
renewing
richness and splendor.
rejoice
on every
side.
its
it
seems
all
as
others.
if
the
This
is
think June
In June,
all
other respects,
this
month must be
The
progress of vege-
creative
hand was,
in a
original plastic efforts, to adorn the
All things are alive and gay.
The
pastures are
world with
" The little hills
clothed with
valleys are also covered with corn, and shout
same time prevails
mild,
is
sweet, and the sky singularly bright and beautiful.
is
the period denominated the Indian
to
From
however, very warm.
20th of October, the weather
the air
September and October.
first three weeks in Sep-
are June,
two, and not unfrequently the
first
for
joy."
The
flocks.
Health
at the
The
in a peculiar degree.
Spring is often chilled by
by rains. The Winter months,
mantle of snow, is the season for relaxa-
easterly winds and rendered uncomfortable
when
tion
the earth
is
clad with
its
and pleasure.
The number
three to one.
of fair days in a year compared with the cloudy,
is
as
We
have had but few meteorological journals kept. For
several years past they have become more frequent, and it is hoped, that
from the increasing attention to the subject, comparative results of the
weather will become more numerous and exact.
Navigation- and Commerce.
from the
first
1*
The
people of
New
England,
settlement of the country to the present time, have been
�;
NEW ENGLAND.
celebrated for their fine ships, nautical prowess, and commercial
Their extended Atlantic sea
give them as great,
can be found in
any other country.
vessels built in the United States in 1833,
New
tonnage, 161,626 tons; of which there were built in
The number
tonnage, 95,146.
the
spirit.
forests of ship timber,
not greater facilities for these enterprises, than
if
this or
The number of
and their noble
coast,
of
seamen employed
in
was 1,188;
England 590:
navigation in
United States, was 67,744, of which 37,142 belonged
to
New
England.
In consequence of the absence of both natural and
to the fertile countries
artificial
channels
on the borders of the great lakes, and west of the
Alleghany mountains, the exports and imports of New England, compared with the whole of the United States, appear small but it must be
borne in mind that a large proportion of the ships and seamen employed
in this commerce belongsto New England, and that a vast amount of the
;
exports from other states consists of the j^roducts of the manufacturing
industry and fishery of that section of the country.
The value
of the imports of
New
England, during the year ending
SO September, 1837, was $22,052,414.
total
value cf the imports of
Exports, $11,878,324.
the United
States, in that
period,
The
was
$140,989,217; of exports, $117,419,376.
During that period the American tonnage of New England, entered,
compared with that of the United States, was as follows New England,
:
1,944 vessels, 393,877 tons: United States, 6,024 vessels, 1,299,720 tons.
During
that time there
tonnage, 122,987 tons
;
were 949 vessels built in the United States
which 389 were built in New England, meas-
of
uring 51,983 tons.
Fishery.
This important branch of industry, and one of the great-
rial,
to the American people, has, from time immemobeen almost exclusively cairied on by New England vessels, men,
and
capital.
wealth
est sources of
In 1837, there were 508 vessels in the United States engaged in the
was 127,239 tons of which number
Nev/ England states measuring 115,194 tons. The
same year there were 127,678 tons employed in the cod and mackerel
126.963 tons of which were owned in New England.
fishery
whale fishery
459 belonged
;
the total tonnage
;
to the
;
;
Manufactures.
From
the
mercial country.
the U. S.
first
settlement of the country, to the
New
England was emphatically a comDuring the long wars in Europe, when the flag of
general peace in Europe in 1815,
was the only passport among
England ships became the
the belligerent nations.
carriers of almost the
New
whole of the eastern
�NEW ENGLAND.
The change from war
continent.
land to
its
centre.
It
however
to
peace, in Europe, shook
stood firm.
During
New
Eng-
a pause, in wliich
conflicting interests in regard to the tariff on imports
resources
of
were settled, the
were examined, and it was found that a large porwhich had been accustomed to float on every gale, and
the country
tion of the capital
subjected to the caprice of every nation, might profitably be employed at
home, in supplying our own necessities, and placing our independence on
a more sure foundation.
A manufacturing spirit arose in New England,
whose power can only be excelled by the magnitude and grandeur of innumerable streams on which
it is
seen
to
move.
See Register.
�ITEMS
There
to the
are several items in this
volume which do not strictly pertain
Some of them are here noted.
general character of the work.
White Mountains,
Distances on Long Island Sound and Hudson
Routes
Saratoga and Ballston Spi'ings,
Troy, N. Y.,
-
-
Firmness of mind,
A venerable
-
-
...
...
....
-
-
N. Y.,
minister,
-
-
....
....
....
Curious Courtship,
Sound.
Maine.
briefly stated,
Sharon, Ct.
Long
Island Sound.
Hancock, Mass.
Stamford, Ct.
-
Catskill Mountains,
Bay
-
Lebanon Springs, N. Y.,
I.
White Mountains.
«
«
-
....
Confidence in God,
Long
river,
-
-
Lake George, N. Y.,
Whitehall, N. Y.,
The North Eastern Boundary Question
New
See White Mountains.
to the
Long
Island Sound.
Hartford, Ct.
Lyme,
Ct.
Fundy,
Fundy, Bay.
St. John's, N. B.,
A Congregation made Prisoners,
Darien, Ct.
Brave Women, Dustan's Island, Gorham, Me., and Dorchester, Mass.
A good shot,
Dalton, JV. H.
Goffe and Whalley,
Hadley, Mass., and Woodbridge, Ct.
Peddling,
Alexanders' Lake, and Berlin, Ct.
of
The "Old Black Bull,"
-
-
...
Faithful Missionaries,
Burning of
-
-
Fairiield,
Mount Auburn Cemetery,
-
Transplanting
-
Obookiah,
-
.
Large Apple Tree,
Thermometrical observations,
Fortunate Stageman,
Tribute
to
-
female character,
Large Pines,
-
Generals Allen and Stark,
Fairfield, Ct.
Epping,
-
-
JV*.
H.
Belchertown, Mass.
-
-
-
-
Ledyard, Ct.
Liberty and JVorridgewock, Me.
-
General Putnam and the Wolf,
Tornadoes,
•
-
Cambridge, Mass.
Fairlee and Whiting, Vt.
.
Cornwall, Ct.
Duxbury, Mass.
-
...
...
fish,
Colchester, Ct.
Gorham, Me.
Roxhury, Mass., and Haddam, Ct.
Prices of sundry articles in 1750,
Litchfield, Ct., and
-
Warner and JVew London,
-
JV. H., and
Manchester,
JV.
H.
Pomfret, Ct.
Winchendon, Mass.
�ITEMS.
See Weston, Ct.
Meteoric Stones,
Windham,
Story of the Frogs,
Smart Old Men,
A
modest
Stratford, J\\
office seeker.
Lyme,
Land Title settled by combat.
The " Devil's Den," a good ice house,
Large Trout,
-
Montville, Ct.
Village,
Ashford, Ct.
relic of olden times.
The
*'
Farmington, A^. H.
Middlebo rough, Mass.
.
_
_
Dorchester, Mass.
-
Turtle well marked,
Mohegan
A
-
Fryeburgh, Me.
.
_
.
.
Poised Rock,
New
JVew Market,
Hampshire Giant,
Purgatory Cavern,"
Ice Beds,
WJiitingham, Vt.
Wethersfield, Ct.
Singular motive for marriage,
" Lovevvell's Fight,"
Curious Epitaphs,
Strong, Me.
-
Atkinson, JV. H., and
-
H.
Ct.
Sterling, Ct.
-
-
Floating Islands,
A
Ct.
TVhitingham Vt., and Shutesbury, Mass.
.
.
J\''.
H.
Sutton, Mass.
Wallingford, Vt.
.
JVew Hartford, Ct.
Kingdom,"
JVorth JBridgewater, Mass.
Names of Towns,
Plympton, Mass.
A " South Shore" White oak,
Tiverton, R. I.
Tak, a slave, the captor of a British General,
«*
Satan's
Horrible butchery of a family,
Penobscot Indians,
"The
Wethersfield, Ct.
.
.
Orono, Me.
.
Oxford, Ct.
Pool,"
Shrewsbury, Mass.
First mail stage in the United States,
Indian
George
Mound,
III.
.
.
_
.
Roxbury, and Webster, Mass.
-
-
_
-
'
.
-
Taunton, Mass.
-
.
Wethersfield, Ct.
-
_
-
An atrocious murder,
A New England Clergyman
of 1G86,
Plymouth, Mass
Ancient Epitaphs,
runaway pond,
Lake scenery,
-
.
A worthy maiden Lady,
A Connecticut river lawsuit,
A
Mass.
White Mountains.
Stafford, Ct., and Hopkinton,
-
.
Foliage,
The Drum Rock,
Ridgefield, Ct.
-
Mineral Springs,
Avalanches,
H.
Quincy, Mass.
and John Adams,
.
The Hermitess,
Tough words for stammerers.
Autumnal
Ossipee, JV.
_
-
-
-
_
-
Warwick, R. I.
Washington, Ct.
Wenham, Mass.
and Windsor, Ct.
Glover,
Vt.
Winnepisiogee Lake^
�ITEMS.
The « Charter Oak,"
-
-
See Hartford, Ct.
-
Augusta, Me., Charlestown, Mass., Hart-
Retreats for the Insane,
ford, Ct.
Large Elm Tree,
-
-
Chocorua's Curse,
-
Volcanic Eruptions, indications
Ct.,
Gay Head,
Hardships of
and
_
_
Chesterfield, JV. H".,
of,
.Albany, JV. H.
East Haddam,
of Shoals.
Isle
first Settlers,
Relics of ancient
Hatfield, Mass.
.
>
Johnson and Hartland, Vt.
Sanbornton, JV.H.,
-
JkfoM/fon6oro' and
Indians,
and Kent, Ct.
Kilkenny, JV. H.
Sagacity of a Dog,
Ladies' Shoes,
The "
-
_
Lynn, Mass.
_
Cat Hole,"
Meriden, Ct.
White Fish,
Madison and Saybrook,
Town,
Deaf and Dumb,
Relics of an ancient
Asylum
do.
for the
for
The "
Hartford, Ct.
the Blind,
Indian Camp,
Boston,
-
-
-
Deerfield, JV.
Pool of Neipsic,"
A fruitful Rock,
A brave Man,
Glastenbury
Antrim,
-
Ancient Family Record,
Notable
First
Cost of " Victuals
_
-
Hourly Coaches
in
to last
Copperas, manufacture
one
Rock,
Strafford, Vt.
-
First Sacrifice of
An
old Frog,
human
-
Distance of the Sound of Cannon,
-
JV.
H.
ditto.
Ct.
JVorwalk and Stamford,
Ct.
American
_
-
JVew Milford,
,
_
Life for
-
-
_
_
_
White Mountains,
.
»
Ct.
Winchester, Ct.
•
.
_
_
Woodbury,
-
-
.
Indian Bargains,
_
.
-
-
Me.
Waterbury, Ct.
Wilmington, Mass.
-
-
.
Indian Palace,
Saco,
Year,'
_
-
Rogers' Rock,
a
Roxbury, Mass.
-
The « Green Woods,"
Split
Man
.
Bethel Rock,
Marlboro^ and Salisbury, Vt.
_
New England,
.
Culture of Hops,
Mass.
Roxbury, Mass.
Leicester,
of,
Good Elbow-Room,
H,
ditto.
of,
...
Women,
JV.
Saybrook, Ct.
Saybrook Platform, origin
Joseph Warren,
H.
Ct'.
,
Charlestown, JV. H.
-
-
Jewish Synagogue,
Ct.
Me.
Bristol,
_
liberty
-
Providence, R.
I.
Bridgewater, Vt.
Barnard^ Vt.
�NEW ENGLAND
Abljot,
vvock.
man.
Acton, Me.
Me.
This town lies
Piscataquis co.
76 miles N. by E. from Augusta,
130 N. by E. from Portland, and
about 40 N. N. E. from Norridgeson, E.
GAZETTEER.
It is bounded N. by Monby Guilford and S. by Park-
The
Piscataquis river passes
nearly through its centre.
It was
Population,
incorporated in 1827.
1837, 649.
An
interior town, in the
county
of York, recently taken from Shapleigh.
It lies near the head waters
of Salmon river, by which it is divided, on the W., from New-Hampshire.
It is
107 miles
S.
W.
from
Augusta, and 15 W. from Alfred.
Population, 1837, 1409.
Actoii, Vt.
Windham
This town was
1782
It has some
Plymouth co. This town is on it v/as incorporated.
the high land between Massachu- fine brooks, but no important mill
Three streams. It lies about 15 miles N.
setts and Narraganset bays.
rivers rise here, two of which emp- of Newfane, and about 90 S. of
Population 1830, 176.
ty into the Taunton, the other into Montpelier.
It Ues 19 miles S. S. E.
the North.
Acton, Mass.
from Boston, 22 N. W. from PlymMiddlesex co. This is a pleasouth, IS N. N. E. from Taunton,
and 8 S. of Wej^mouth landing. ant farming town of good soil. The
This town is noted for its manufac- Assabet river passes through it. It
tures of boots, shoes, and tacks. The is 5 miles N. W. by W. of Concord,
Incorpototal value of its manufactures, in and 21 N. W. of Boston.
one j'ear, was ,<6;S47,294, of which rated 1735. Population 1837, 1071.
Al>ingtOBi, I^Iass.
first
co.
settled in 1781, and in
the amount of .$82,000 was for tacks,
and .$746,794 ior boots and shoes.
Ac-*vortli,
Sullivan co.
There were 847 males and 470 females employed in the manufacture agricultural in
IV.
H.
This town
its
is
pursuits.
chiefly
The
Cold river,
generally good.
which rises from Cold pond in this
town, affords some good mill seats.
This town was formerly noted for
etmooskeagin.
the culture of flax, which was manAcoakset River,
ufactured by some of the inhabitants
Rises on the border of the town into the finest linen, equal to any
imported from Ireland. The town
of Fall River, and meets an arm of
Buzzard's bay, at Westport, 12 miles was settled in 1768, and incorporated in 1771. Population 1830, 1401.
S. W. of New Bedford, Mass.
of the latter.
Population, 1337,
This town was incorporated
3,057.
in 1712. Its Indian name was Man-
soil is
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
It lies 13 miles S. of
44
W.
Addisou, Me.
Newport, and
of Concord.
Washington
Adaxns, Mass.
Berkshire co. This is a flourishing agricultural and manufacturing
township, comprising two villages,
north and south, whose trade goes
It is 40 miles E. of
to New York.
Troy, N. Y., 120 W. N. W. of Boston, 29 N. of Lenox, and 7 miles S.
E. of Williamstown college. The
Hoosack river passes through this
town, and affords a great water
power. There are in this town 19
cotton mills, 4 satinet factories, and
2 calico printing establishments.
co.
This town was
incorporated in 1797.
Population,
It lies 14 miles W. by
1837, 901.
S. from Machias, and 135 E.by N.
from Augusta. Addison lies between Pleasant and Indian rivers,
and near the south entrance into
;!ispe ky reach.
Addison Point,
or Cape Split, jutting out into the
sea, off which are several small
islands, is the principal harbor and
place of trade.
Addison
Coiiiitj'',
Vt.
Mlddlehury is the chief town.
There are also in this town large This county is bounded on the N.
machine shops, 4 tanneries, 3 air and by Chittenden county; E. by Washcupola furnaces, and manufactories ington and Orange counties, and a
S. by
forks, part of Windsor county
of shovels, spades, hoes,
The total Rutland county, and W. by Lake
chairs and cabinet ware.
value of the manufactures of this Champlain. It was incoiporated in
;
place in the year ending April 1,
1837, amounted to $1,045,417.
Between the years 1746 and 1756,
this town was the scene of much
Traces of old
Indian warfare.
Furt Massachusetts are still found.
Saddle .Mountain, the summit of
which is called Gray Zoc/c, the highest of Massachusetts mountains, lies
chiefly in this town, and, although
it is 3,600 feet above the level of
the sea, is of easy ascent.
view
from Gray lock probably gives " an
idea of vastness and even of immensity" better than any other
landscape in New England, Mt.
Washington, in N. H. excepted.
The natural bridge on Hudson's
A
Brook,
worthy
in
this
town,
is
a curiosity
the notice of travellers.
The waters of this brook have worn
a fissure from 30 to 60 feet deep and
30 rods in length, through a body
of white marble, or limestone, and
formed a bridge of that material, 50
feet above the surface of the water.
1787, and contains about 700 square
Large quantities of white
miles.
and beautifully variegated marble,
which receives a fine polish, are
found in this county, and large
quantities of it are quarried and
transported to various markets.
This county is admirably well watered by Otter Creek, which rises
near its southern boundary, and extends nearly through its centi-e
by Mad and White rivers and by
Lake Champlain, wliich affords it
many navigable privileges. The
;
;
good, particularly in those
the mountains, and
bordering the lake and rivers. This
county contains 22 towns. Population, 1820, 20,469—1830, 24,940.
Inhabitants to a square mile, 35.
soil
is
towns below
Addis oil, Vt.
Addison co. This is supposed to
be the first place settled by the
whites, in this state, west of the
a cavern in this town, 30
feet long, 20 high, and 20 wide.
mountains. The town is pleasantly
located on the east side of lake
Champlain, and nearly opposite to
Incorporated 1778. Population 1820
Crown
1,836—1830, 2,648—1834, 3,000—
and in 1837, 4,191.
York. At this place the lake is
about 3 miles broad. The French,
There
is
Point, in the state of
New-
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
it is said, commenced a settlement
here in 1731 ; the same year that
they erected a fort at Crown Point.
The English came here about 1770.
mill
privileges.
These streams
were once the residence of num-
bers
of
the
beaver, otter, &c.
There are several
lofty hills and
town, 'the highest
of which is called Chocorua, and is
visible from a great extent of country.
It received its name from
Chocorua, an Indian, who was killed on the summit by a party of
hunters in time of peace, before
from Middlebury, and 40 V.'. S. W. •the settlement of
the place.
The
from Montpelier. Population 1830, predominant rock
of these hills is
Otter Creek passes into the town,
but affords no important mill sites.
The surface of the town is low and
level.
Mil4 and Pike rivers, are
small streams, which fall into the
lake opposite to Crown Point. This
town lies about 12 miles AV. N. W.
mountains in
1,306.
granite
—a
this
decomposing variecrystals and grains
of feldspar are very large. The soil
So called, being three elevations is fertile, being a sandy
loam, mixof land in York, Me., about 4 miler ed occasionally
with coarse gravel.
from the sea, and a noted land mark There are some fertile
intervale
for those on the coast to the north- lands on the
borders of Swift river.
ward and eastward of Portsmouth This town has been considerably
Agameuticus Mountain,
The highest summit is 673
above the ocean. It is said
that Saint Aspinquid died on this
mountain, in 1682, and th.l his
harbor.
feet
was celebrated by tl- Inby the sacriiice of 671". wild
funeral
dians,
animals.
The Indian name of a river in
Wareham, and of a part of Westfield
river; and the name of a village on
Westtield river, 2 miles S. W.'^from
Springfield.
Albany, Me.
CO.
This town was incor-
porated in 1803.
It lies about 17
miles W. by N. from Paris, and 58
W. from Augusta. It is the source
of Crooked river, which empties into
Sebago Lake.
Population, 1837,
598.
Albany,
]V.
H.,
Strafford co., lies 60 miles
N. by
soft,
which the
retarded by a peculiar disease which
afflicts neat cattle.
Young cattle
cannot be reared, nor can cows or
oxen be kept here for a series of
years, without being attacked by a
singular and fatal distemper.
It
commences with a loss of appetite
the animals refuse hay, grain and
salt
become emaciated an obstinate costiveness attends, but the abdomen becomes smaller than in
health, and is diminished to one third
its original bulk. After these symptoms have continued for an indefinite period, a brisk scouring comes
on, and the animals fall away and
—
Aga^vani, Blass.
Oxford
ty, in
die.
—
Though
;
superstition
may have
found a reason in the dying curse
of the murdered Chocorua, philosophy has not yet ascertained a satisfactory cause for the disease.
It is
probably owing to the properties
contained in the waters. This town
was granted Nov. 6, 1766, to Clement March, Joseph Senter and others, and until the 2d July, 1833, it
bore the name of Burton.
Popula-
E. from Concord, and 67 N. N. W.
from Dover. The principal river tion in 1830, 325.
in Albany, is Swift river, which
Albany, Vt.
passes from W, to E. into the Saco,
at Conway.
There are several
Orleans co. This town was grantsmall streams in different parts of ed in the year
1781, by the name
the town, furnishing convenient of Lutterloh
in 1815 itwas chang;
2
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
present name. It is water
by a number of ponds, and by
Black river and its branches. Albany lies 34 miles N. from Montpelier, and 9 S. of Irasburgh. Pop-
ed
to its
6(1
ulation, 1830, 683.
person gained his wealth in a manner which illustrates the antiquity
of the propensity of the inhabitants
of this state to the once honored,
yet now despised employment of
peddling, we will give the reader
a short
Albion, Me.
notice of his history.
He
came from Scotland, with a great
Kennebec co. This fine farming number of other emigrants, in a
town lies on the stage road from ship which was to land them at
Augusta to Bangor; 24 miles N. Boston. Just before leaving the
E. from the former, and 44 S. W.
Population, 1837,
from the latter.
This town produced 10,728
1609.
bushels of wheat, in 1837.
ring
Albwrgli, Vt.
Grand
Settlements com-
Isle co.
menced here by emigrants from
This town
Canada, in 1782.
lies at
N. W. corner of the state and
England 10 miles N. from
North Hero, and 79 miles N. W.
from Montpelier. It is bounded by
the waters of Lake Cham plain, except on the north, where it meets
the Canada line, in north latitude
the
of
New
;
ship he discovered a gold ring upon deck, for which he could find no
owner. Thus fortunately provided,
after his arrival he pawned the gold
for
small
articles
of trade,
which he peddled in Boston and
Roxbury. He was very prosperous, and finally became able to redeem the author of his success, and
pursue his business without embarrassment.
After a few years of
constant activity, he acquired sufficient property to purchase a planta-
of 3,500 acres in Killingly.
gold ring was transmitted as a
t.ort of talisman, to his only son
45^.
The soil is good and finely JYell, who transferred it to his only
It has a mineral spring, son JVell ; v/ho is now living at an
ti^nbercd.
of some repute in scrofulous cases. advanced age, and has already plaPopulation, 1830, 1,239.
ced it in the hands of his grandson
A^cll ; and fo it will doubtless conAlexasidePj Ble.
tinue from JYell to JVell, agreeably
Washington co. About 25 miles to the request of the first JVell,
N. by W. from Machias, and S. of until the " last knell of the race is
Baileyville, and Baring, which bor- tolled!"
der on the river St. Croix.
In this
singular tradition has been
town are some ponds, which, with handed down to iis by the aborithe large pond in Baring and Alex- gines concerning the origin of this
ander, produce a large stream which lake.
empties into Cobscook bay. PopuIn ancient times, when the red
lation, 1837, 457.
men of this quarter had long enjoyed prosperity, that is, when they
Alexainler's Lalice.
had foiind plenty of game in the
This beoAitiful sheet of water, of Avoo ls,and fish in the ponds and rivabout a mile in length and half a ers, they at length fixed a time for
mile in breadth, lies in the town of a general powwow, a sort of festival
Killingly, Ct., and was formerly for eating, drinking, smoking, singknown to the Indians by the name ing and dancing. The spot chosen
Its present name
of Mashapaug.
for this purpose was a sandy hill, or
is derived from Nell Alexander, a
mountain, covered with tall pines,
man who settled at Killingly in occupying the situation where the
1720, and became proprietor of a lake now lies. The powwow lasted
large portion of the town.
As this four days in succession, and was to
tion
The
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
continue longer had not the Great well
watered by the higher sources
enraged at the licentiousness of Mousum
river, which meets the
which prevailed there, resolved to sea at
Kennebunk. In this town
punish them.
Accordingly, while is a society of those
neat and industhe red people in immense numbers
trious horticulturists and artizans,
were capering about upon the sum- denominated *'
Shakers."
mit of the mountain, it suddenly
Spirit,
Alford, Mass.
"gave way" beneath them, and
sunk to a great depth, when the
Berkshire co. On the line of the
water from below rushed up and state of
New York, and watered
covered them all except one good by
branches of Green river. Some
old squaw, who occupied one of
manufactories of leather and
the
peaks, which now bears
of Loon's Island.
name
shoes.
the
Mr. Barber
in his admirable work
" Connecticut Historical
Collections," from which this account is taken, observes, " whether
entitled
the tradition
entitled to credit or
not, we will do it justice by affirming that in a clear day, when there
125 miles W. from Boston, 14 S. by
W. from Lenox, and 24 E. of Hud-
N. Y.
Population, 1837, 441.
Incorporated, 1773.
son,
AlleiistOAvn, N.
is
no wind and the surface of the
lake is smooth, the huge trunks and
leafless branches of gigantic pines
may be occasionally seen in the
deepest part of the water, some of
them reaching almost to the surface,
in such huge and fantastic forms
as
to cause the beholder to startle!"
IS
Alexandria, N. H.
Merrimack
co.
On
H.
the Suncook
river, 11 miles S. E. from
Concord,
Portsmouth, The
land generally is of an ordinary
and 38
W. from
quality, though there are some fine
farms.
The town is principally
covered with a growth of oak and
pine timber; and^great quantities of
lumber are annually taken down
the river.
Allenstown is well watered, though no large stream passes through it.
Great Bear brook
furnishes the principal mill seats.
Catamount hill is the highest land
in town.
At the E. end of this hill
is a precipice of 70 feet nearly
perpendicular, at the footof wljich is a
cavern of some extent, inclining
corporated, 1782.
On Fowler's and wards. The first settlers wei-e upllob't
Smith's rivers and several other
Buntin and others. In 1748, while
smaller streams are about 2000 acres
at work on the western bank
of the
of intervale land, which produce
Merrimack river,opposite the mouth
flax, potatoes and grass in
abund- of the Suncook, in company
with
ance. Other parts "of the town
are James Carr, Mr. Buntin and
his son,
favorable for wheat and maize.—
ten years of age, were surprised by
This town was first settled by Jona party of Indians.
Carr attempted
athan, John M. and WilHam
Cor- to escape, and was shot down.
Bunliss, in 1769.
A
Grafton co.
small part of Newfound lake lies in this town. Alexandria is 30 miles N. W. from
Concord, and 40 S. E. from Haverhill.
Population, 1830, 1,0S3.
In-
tin
Alfred, Mc.
and his son, making no
resist-
ance, were not harmed; but taken
through the wilderness to Canada,
One of the shire towns of York and
sold to a French trader at Montcounty.
It lies 24 miles N. from
real ; with whom they remained
York, 35 S. from Portland and 86
about eleven months, escaped, and
S. W. from Augusta.
Incorpora- fortunately reached home
in safety.
ted, 1808.
Population, 1837, 1,360. Andrew,
the son, continued on his
This is a good farming town and is
father's farm until the commence-
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Alton, N. H.
ment
of the revolution, when, entering the service of his country,
he died in her defence at White
Plains, Oct. 28, 1776,
Incorporated
July 2, 1831. Population, 1830, 421.
Alna, Me.
This town lies 22
N. E. from Concord, and 25
Strafford co.
miles
N. W, from Dover, and is bounded
N. by Winnepisiogee lake and bay.
The town is rough and uneven the
;
hard and rocky, but productive
when well cultivated. The growth
of wood is chiefly oak, beech, maple
and pine. The principal elevations
are Mount-Major and Prospect Hill
Merrymeeting bay extends S. about
1800 rods into this town, where it
receives the waters of Merrymeeting river.
Half-moon pond, between Alton and Barnstead, is 300
rods long and 150 wide.
This town
soil
This town
is
situated in the coun-
10 miles N. from
Wiscasset, 54 N. E. from Portland,
and 20 S. S. E. from Augusta. Incorporated 1794.
Population, 1837,
This is a pleasant town and
1,138.
well watered by Sheepscot river.
ty of Lincoln,
Alstead, N. H.,
Cheshire co., is 12 miles S. E.
from Charlestown,14 N.from Keene was originally called JVeia Durand 50 W. by S. from Concord. ham Gore, and was settled
in 1770,
This town is well watered by small by Jacob Chamberlain and others.
streams.
Cold river passes through It was incorporated Jan.
15, 1796.
the N. W. part; and some of the Population
in 1830, 1,993.
This
branches of Ashuelot river have town has 2000 sheep.
their sources in this town.
There
Aiiieslbury, Mass.
are a number of ponds, the princiThis town is situated on the
pal of which is Warren's pond
length, 250 rods, breadth, 150. side of Merrimack river, in the
Perch and pickerel are here caught county of Essex, 40 miles N. E.
in great abundance.
The soil is from Boston, 6 N. W. from Newstrong and productive, and the farms bvu-yport, and 7 N. E. from Havergenerally well cultivated.
Manu- hill. Population, 1837, 2,567. It
factures flourish in this town, and was taken from Salisbury in 1668,
great attention is paid to education. and is separated from it by Powow
Alstead was originally called New- river, a navigable stream for vessels
pond, covering
ton, and was granted by charter, of 300 tons.
August 6, 1763, to Samuel Chase about 1000 acres, back of the town,
and 69 others. General Amos Shep- 90 feet above the sea, serves as a
ard, who was for many years a reservoir for a constant and extenmember of the General Court of sive water power. The manufacthis state, and President of the Sen- ture of flannel and satinet is very
ate from 1797 to 1804, resided in extensively pursued.
The amount
this town, and was one of its prin- of those articles manufactured in
cipal inhabitants from 1777 to the the year ending April 1, 1837, was
time of his death, Jan. 1, 1812. By $425,000. Many vessels are built
his persevering industry, his econ- here of superior timber, and the
omy and correctness in business, manufacture of boots, shoes, leathand at the same time, by a rigid ad- er, chairs, phaetons, gigs, and carherence to uprightness and integri- ryalls is very considerable.
The
ty in his dealings with his fellow total amount of the various manumen, he acquired a handsome for- factures of this place is about $500,tune, and was in many things, a 000 annually. About half the poppattern worthy of imitation.
Pop- vilation of the town is engaged in
ulation in 1830, 1,552.
This town mechanical labor. Josiah Bartlett,
has 6000 sheep.
M. D. one of the signers of the
N
;
A
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
declaration of independence
born here, ia 1729. He died
19, 1795.
Amberst,
was
May
!EIe.
Hancock co. This town is hounded on the S. by Mariaville. The
head waters of Union river pass
through it. It Ues about 25 miles E.
Population, 1837, 198.
of Bangor.
was 120, of whom a considnumber belonged to Salem,
Mass. The town was incorporated
prietors
erable
Jan. 18, 1760, when it assumed the
name of Amherst, in compliment to
Among
Lord Jeffrey Amherst.
the worthy citizens of Amherst
deserve remembrance, may be
mentioned Hon. Moses Nichols, a
native of Reading, Mass., who was
a colonel under Gen. Stark in the
Amlierst, X. H.
Battle of Bennington: Hon. Samuel
An important town, and the seat Dana, a native of Brighton, Mass.
William Gordon, eminent
of justice in Hillsborough county, Hon.
It in the
profession of the law.
is situated on Souhegan river.
is 23 miles S. from Concord, about
Hon. Robert Means, who died Jan.
the same distance from Hopkinron, 24, 1823, at the age of SO, was for
47 N. W. from Boston, 40 E. from a long period of time a resident in
Keene, 60 S. E. from Windsor, Vt. Amherst. He was a native of IreIn 1764, he came to this
and 4S4 from Washington. Souhe- land.
gan is a considerable and very im- country, where by his industry and
portant stream, and in its course application to business, he acquired
to the IMerrimack river from this a large property, and great respect.
Amherst did its duty manfully
town, affords some of the finest waBab- during the revolutionary contest.
ter privileges in the county.
boosuck, Little Babboosuck and Jo During the farst four years of that
English ponds are the largest col- war about one in seventy of its
In some parts, people died in the service. The
lections of water.
and particularly on Souhegan river, expenses of that war, to this town,
the soil is of an excellent quality, " in addition of any bounties, travel
producing abundant crops. In oth- or wages given or promised by the
er parts, on the hills elevated above State or the United States, was
the village, the soil is of a good found to he in specie, £3,511."
quality, and several valuable farms Population, 1830, 1,657.
are found under good cultivation.
Anilierst, Mass.
The village is pleasant and contains
Hampshire co. The college and
many handsome buildings. There
village in this town are on elevated
is a spacious common between the
two principal rows of houses, which ground and command a very beautiful prospect of the surrounding
is often used for public purposes.
There is what is termed a mineral country. Amherst was taken from
spring, about 1 1-2 miles E. of the Hadley, and incorporated in 1759.
The water has Population, 1837, 2,602. It lies 7
meeting house.
been found useful in rheumatic miles E. by N. from Northampton,
complaints, and in scrofulous and 108 S. from Dartmouth college, and
scorbutic habits; for poisons by ivy, 82 miles W. from Boston. There are
This town was good mill sites in this town on two
dog-wood, &.C.
granted in 1733, by Massachusetts, streams, which empty into the ConIts manufacto those persons living and the heirs necticut at Hadley.
of those not living, who were offi- tures are various, consisting of
cers and soldiers in the Narragan- woollen cloth, boots, shoes, leather,
set
war of
l.')75.
It
was
called A^ar-
raganset ^V(9.3, and afterv/ards Souhegan- IVest. The number of pro-
who
hats,
paper, chairs, cabinet
\vp.rc,
ware, axes, ploughs, palm-.'o::f
hats, carriages, wagons, (large and
tin
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
1-2 miles from the Notch of the
White Mountains, where the de
scent is 50 feet, cut through a mass
small) joiners' planes, stoves, steel
pistols, and bowie knives.
Total annual amount of manufacSee jRe^tures, about $200,000.
6
ister.
Amoskeag Falls t& Village, 'N. H.
hammers,
Amity, Me.
Wasliington co.
Township No.
10, first range of townships from the
east line of the state,
about 100
Incormiles N. E. from Bangor.
porated 1836.
Population, 1S37,
130.
This town has fine soil for
wheat.
of stratified granite.
These falls are in the Merrimack
between Goffstown on the
river;
W. and
IManchestcr on the E. The
of the river, within the
distance cf half a mile, is 54 feet,
producing a great hydraulic powcompany, with a large caper.
ital, have commenced forming canals and erecting buildings for manAiiioiioosii.ck. !RivcrS; N. H.
ufacturing purposes on a very exUpper and Lower. The Upper tensive scale. Their plan provides
Amonoosuck rises in the ungranted for 37 mills, each containing 6000
Two canals, 2 factories,
lan-ds north of the White Mountains, spindles.
and passing N. E. into Dummer, a number of dwelling houses, maapproaches to within a few miles of chine shops, &c. are now nearly
the Androscoggin; thence turn- completed. The canals are each a
ing abruptly to the S. W. it pursues mile in length, and will, when comthat direction and falls into Connec- pleted, be equal to any works of the
The village
ticut river near the centre of North- kind in our country.
Its whole length is is in Gofl'stown, 16 miles below Conumberland.
about 50 miles. The valley of the cord and 18 miles above Nashua ;
Upper Amonoosuck is 7 or S miles delightfully situated on the banks
Amoskeag
in breadth, and more than 20 in of these majestic falls.
length it is scooped out with great is already a place of considerable
beauty, the surface gently rising to business, and must eventually bethe summits of the mountains on come the mart of large manufacThe vicinity of
the N. The Lower Amonoosuck turing operations.
rises on the W. side of the White these falls was much fiequented by
—
whole
fall
A
:
Mountains, and
after
running a
course of 50 miles, falls into the
Connecticut just above Haverhill,
by a mouth 100 yards wide. At
the distance of two miles from its
mouth, it receives the Wild Amonoosuck, a stream 40 yards wide,
and, when raised by freshets, very
swift
and
furious in
of the
The waters
its
course.
Amonoosuck
pure, and its bed clean; the
current lively, and in some places
rapid.
The valley of the Lower
Amonoosuck is about half a mile
in width, and was probably once
the bed of a lake, its S. W. limit
being the rise of ground at its foot,
over which the waters descended
in their course to the Connecticut.
There is a fine fall in this river about
are
The Sachem Wonothe Indians.
The tribe unlanset resided here.
der him was sometimes molested by
the Mohawks, who carried terror
to the hearts of all the eastern InIn time of war between
dians.
these hostile tribes, the Indians living in the neighborhood of the falls,
concealed their provisions in the
large cavities of the rocks on the
island in the middle of the upper
They entertained
part of the fall.
an idea that their deity had cut out
these cavities for that purpose.
Aiidovcr, Me.
Oxford
CO.
This town was incor-
Population, 1837,
porated in 1804.
551.
It lies about 30 miles N. W.
from Paris, 61 >V. N. W. from Au-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
gusta, and 70 N. W. from Portland.
It is finely watered by Ellis' river, a
branch of the Androscoggin. This
town is an extensive glebe of upland and intervale of excellent
quality, surrounded by White Cap,
Bald Pate, Blue and Cone mountains.
by
The town was
first
settled
industrious and intelligent farm-
Essex county, Mass., in
1790, and most of its present population maintain the characteristics
of their fathers.
ers from
Audover,
IV. II.
Merrimack co. It lies 20 miles
N. W. from Concord, and about 18
PopulaE. by N. from Newport.
The Blackwa-
Sept., 5, 1772; settled in Andover
in 1796; died Jan. 10, 1818.
possessed respectable poetical tal-
He
ents; was a writer on political subjects in the public papers, and was
eminent in his profession. Jonathan
^\'eare, Esq., a civil magistrate,
highly respected for his integrity,
died in 1816.
Mr. Joseph Noyes
was much honored for his charitable
disposition.
In 1782 a congregational church was formed and the
Rev. Jos.siah Babcock, of Milton,
Andover,
Mass., was ordained.
is well adapted for
grazing. It feeds about 4,000 bheep.
though rough,
Andover, Vt.
Emigrants from Enmade a permanent
stream
but nu- settlement in this town, in 1776. It
is the principal
merous rills and brooks find their was organized, as a town, in 1781.
way down the hills into the ponds It is a mountainous township. MarkThere are six hum and Terrible mountains lie in
or Blackwater.
ponds in Andover, the largest of the western part. The land is unewhich are Chance and Loon ponds, ven, the soil is hard, and the town
both picturesque, and their wa- possesses but few water privileges.
ters pure.
The surface of this Population, 1830, 975. It lies 20
town is extremely uneven, and miles S. W. from Windsor 37 N.
in some parts rocky and barren. E. from Bennington, and 68 S. from
The Ragged Mountains pass along Montpelicr. The number of sheep
the N., and the Kearsarge extends in this town is about 4,500.
tion, 1830,
1,324.
ter in the S.
W.
part of the town,
Windsor
field,
co.
Ct., first
;
,
ba5e along the W.
The soil is
parts of good quality, and
pleasant villages are formed in diferent parts of the town.
This town
was granted in 1746, and was called
JVcw Breton, in honor of the captors
of Cape Breton in 1745; in which
expedition several of the grantees
It retained this
were engaged.
name until June 2.5, 1779, when it
was incorporated by its present
name. The first inhabitant of Andover was Joseph Fellows, who movhe died
ed into the place in 1761
March 14, 1811, aged 84. Among
the deceased citizens who are remembered with respect by the inhal)itants, we may mention Dr. Silas
Barnard, the first phj'sician in town,
a native of Bolton, Mass., who died
June 25, 1795 Dr. Jacob B. Moore,
its
in
Andover, Mass.
many
:
:
a native of
Georgetown, Me., born
This town lies on the
south side of the Merrimack river,
and is well watered by the Shaw-
Essex
CO.
sheen river; and by Great Pond
and Haggett's Pond, covering an
area of 721 acres.
It is 20 miles
N. by. W. of Boston, 15 N. N. W.
of Salem, 10 E. of Lowell, and 43
This
S. S. E. of Concord, N. H.
town was first settled in 1643. Incorporated, 1646. Population, 1837,
This town has a valuable
4,878.
water pov.er, which is used for
manufactuiing purposes to a great
extent.
The value of its manufactures, for the year ending April 1,
1837, amounted to ,$624,450. They
consisted of woollen goods, boots,
shoes, leather, flax, soapstone, machinery, tin and cabinet wares.
�•
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
This is a very
chairs and hats.
beautiful town of fine soil and unIt is on
der excellent cultivation.
high ground and commands a variThe
ety of beautiful landscape.
access to Andover from Boston by
the railroad, is easy and very pleasThis town has long been celant.
ebrated for its literary and theologiThere is no place
cal institutions.
England better situated
in
See
for seminaries of learning.
Hegister.
New
Androscoggin Hiver,
Its most northerly branch is the Margallaway
river which receives the waters of
Dead and Diamond riverSjand unites
with those flowing from Umbagog
lake, about a mile distant from its
From this junction, the
outlet.
confluent stream pursues a southerly course till it approaches near the
White Mountains, where it receives
several considerable tributaries, and
passes into Maine,N. of Mount MoIt there bends to the E. and
riah.
S. E. ; in which course, through a
fertile country, it passes near the
sea-coast, and turning N. runs over
falls at Brunswick, not far
the
from Bowdoin College, into Merrymeeting bay, forming a junction
with the Kennebec, 20 miles from
the sea.
Or Ameriscoggin.
Ann, Cape, Mass.
See Gloucester, Mass.
Anson, Me.
Somerset co. Anson lies about
10 miles N. E. from Norridgewock,
112 W. from Portland, and 40 N.
Incorporated,
E. from Augusta.
Population, 1837, 1,894.
1798.
It
lies at the junction of Seven Mile
Brook with the Kennebec, on the
western side of that river.
Here
are fine farms and good husbandmen. In 1837, 12,713 bushels of
wheat was
raised.
co.
It is
S.
W.
from Concord, and 67 from Boston.
The E. part of Antrim lies on Contoocook river; and though somewhat hilly, is a tract of productive
land, a considerable proportion of
On the river
which is arable.
there are valuable tracts of alluvial land. The North Branch river,
so called, a small stream originating from several ponds in Stoddard,
furnishes several valuable mill seats
and in some parts of its course, it
is bordered by tracts of intervale.
The W. part of the town is mountainous, but suitable for grass, and
affords an extensive range of good
pasturage.
There are six natural
ponds well stored with perch and
curiosity has been dispike.
covered in the middle branch of
Contoocook river, a rock, about 10
feet long and 8 feet wide, covered
with a shallow coat of moss, affording sustenance to 21 different kinds
of plants and shrubs, three of which
produce edible fruit. Antrim was
incorporated March 22, 1777. The
A
first settlement was made by Dea.
James Aiken about the year 1768.
Dea. Aiken was a native of Londonderry, where he was born in
17S1.
He died July 27, 1817. He
a professor of the christian religion more than 60 years, and
adorned it by a serious and exemplary life. Population, 1830, 1,309.
Antrim has about 4,400 sheep.
was
Appleton, Me.
Waldo
CO.
This town
lies
20
miles S. W. from Belfast, 84 N. W.
from Portland, and 35 E. by S. from
Incorporated, 1829.
Augusta.
It is situaPopulation, 1837, 839.
ted between the head waters of
the Muscongus and St. George's
rivers. Considerable wheat is grown
here.
—
Argyle, Me.
This is a new
Penobscot co.
town, but fertile, and flourishing
Antrim, N. H.
Hillsborough
N. W. from Amherst, 30
20 miles
in its agricultural pursuits.
It pro-
�—
—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
3,320 feet above the level of the
sea.
It consists of granite and is
nearly destitute of vegetable cov;
From Windsor, to the base,
ering.
ArLuigton, Vt.
Its ascent is generally
is 4 miles.
Bennington co. This town was steep, but travellers who delight
The time of to view rich and variegated scenefirst settled in 1763.
ry, will be amply rewarded for the
its organization is not known, as one
Bisco, a tory, the town clerk in toil of a pilgrimage to its summit.
It lies
duces the best of wheat.
89 miles N. E, from Augusta.
Population, 1S30, 326 in 1837, 601.
1777, destroyed the records.
Jt is
watered by Green river. Mill
and Warm brooks, and Roaring
branch which fall into the Battenkill, at the north part of the town.
AslilburuUaui, Mass.
finely
These streams
afford excellent mill
and on their banks are large
sites,
bodies of
superior
meadow
land.
West and Red mountains extend
This township
Tileston and
others of Dorchester, for services
in an expedition against Canada, in
For many years it
the year 1690.
was called " Dorchester Canada."
Worcester
was granted
It
co.
to
Thomas
was incorporated
as a
town in
Ashburnham lies on the
through the west part of the town 1765.
and supply a great variety of good height of land between the ConExcellent marble is found necticut and Merrimack rivers. It
timber.
considerable quantities of is watered by large ponds which
here
which are wrought and transported. furnish good mill seats. Its manuHere is a medicinal spring, and a factures consist of cotton goods,
cavern of large dimensions. The boots, shoes, leather, chairs, cabinspring is not of much note, but the et ware, fur and palm-leaf hats ; the
cavern is a great curiosity. This annual value of which is about
$100,000. This town is 30 miles
is a flourishing town in both its agricultural and manufacturing pur- N. from Worcester, 50 N. W. from
The number of sheep in Boston, and 35 W. from Lowell.
suits.
;
—
town in 1836, was 10,077. It
15 miles N. from Bennington,
106 S. W. from Montpelier, and 40
N. E. from Troy, N. Y. Population, 1830, 1,207.
this
Population, 1837, 1,758.
lies
Axoostook River.
This river rises in the interior
part of Penobscot county, Me., and
after traversing more than 100 miles,
and receiving many and powerful
tributaries in that state,
the river St. Johns in
it falls
into
Aslil>y,
Concord, 42 W. N. W. from Boston
and 8 S. E. from New Ipswich, N.
H. Population, 1837, 1,201. It has
some manufactures of palm-leaf hats
boots, shoes, chairs, wooden ware,
and curled hair.
New
Brunswick. The lands on this river and
its branches are very fertile, and are
said to be equal to the celebrated
Genesee lands
for the
culture of
AscTitiiey
Aslifield,
Moimtain, "Vt.
This mountain is situated in the
towns of Windsor ?nd Weathersfield.
It is 3,116 feet above the
Connecticut river, at Windsor \ and
Mass.
This town was
Franklin co.
settled in 1754, and, until
its
first
incorcalled
1764, it was
Population, 1837,
1,656. This town is on elevated land
between Deerfield and Westfield
rivers, to each of which it sends a
It has small mansmall tributary.
ufactures of leather, scythe snaiths,
spirits
and essences, and about
poration,
in
Huntslown.
wheat.
Mass.
a pleasant town, in the
This
county of Middlesex, on the line of
N. H. It is 25 miles N. W\ from
is
�NEW ENGLAND
It is 105 miles W. from
Boston, 12 S. ^Y. IVom Greeniicld,
and 15 N. W. from Northampton.
8000 sheep.
AsJiforcl, Ct.
Windham
co.
first settled in
ington termed him, in a general order after his death, "the gallant and
brave Col, Knowlton, who would
have been an honor to any coun.
try,"
This town was
Incorporated,
watered hy several
Asliiielot liiver,
1710.
1714.
It is
small streams which afford a water
power for one cotton and three
woollen factories. The surface of
the town is rough and stony, hut
excellent for grazing. The number of sheep in this town is about
5,000.
It lies 31 miles E. from
Hartford, and 14 N. W. from Brooklyn.
Population, 1S30, 2,GG0. The
following is said to have occurred in
this town, and is told to illustrate the
manners and customs of ancient
*'
concourse of people
times.
were assembled on the hill in front
of the meeting house, to witness
the punishment of a man who had
been convicted of neglecting to go
to meeting on the Sabbath for a peAccording
riod of three months.
to the existing law for such delinquency, the culprit was to be pubJust as
licly whipped at the post.
the whip was about to be applied,
a stranger on horseback appeared,
rode up to the crowd of spectators,
A
and enquired
GAZETTEER.
for
what purpose they
Jf. II.,
Or Ashwillet, a river in Cheshcounty, which has its source in
a pond in Washington.
It runs in
ire
a southerly course through
Marlow
Keene, where it reconsiderable branch issu-
and Gilsum,
to
ceives a
ing from ponds in Stoddard,
From
Keene it proceeds to Swanzey,
where it receives another considerable branch which originates in Jaffrey and Fitzwilliam,
It pursues
course southerly and westerly
through Yvlnchcster into Hinsdale,
where, at the distance of about 3
miles from the S. line of the state,
it empties into the Connecticut.
its
Assabet River, Mass.
This river rises in the neighborhood of Westborough
it passes
through Marlborough, Northborough and Stow, and joins Sudbury
river at Concord.
;
—
Alliens, Me.
Somerset
co.
This town was
incorporated in 1803.
Population,
1837, 1,424.
It is about 18 miles
N. N. E. from Norridgewock, 114
N. N. E. from Portland and 45 N.
were assembled. Being informed
of the state of the case, the strange
gentleman rose upright in his stirIt is watered by a
rups, and with emphasis addressed from Augusta.
the astonished multitude as follows
tributary of Kennebec river.
' You
men of Ashford, serve God
Atliens Vt.
as if the D...1 was in you
Do you
think you can whijj the grace of
Windham co. This town lies 14
God into men ? Christ will have miles N. from Newfane, 98 S. from
none but volunteers,' The people Monlpelier, 10 W. from Bellows'
stared, while the speaker, probably Falls, and about 40 N. E. from BenPopulation, 1830, 415.
not caring to be arraigned for con- nington,
tempt of court, put spurs to his This town was first settled in 1780,
horse, and was soon out of sight; by people from Rindge, N. H., and
nor was he evermore seen or heard Winchendon, Mass. They encoun" The snow
of by the good people of Ashford." tered great hardships.
Col. Thomas Knowlton was a na- was four feet deep when they came
tive of this tov/n.
He was at the into town, and they had to beat
battle of Bunker Hill, and fell at their own path for 8 miles through
small yoke of oxen
Heerlem Heights, in 1776. Wash- the woods.
:
!
A
/
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
were
the
only domestic animals
This
that they took with them."
is a good township of land, particularly for grazing. It has 2000 sheep.
Here are productive orchards, pine
timber, and a small mill stream.
Athol; Mass.
Worcester
The Indian name
co.
This
of this town was Paquoig.
pleasant place lies 60 miles W. N.
W. from Boston, 28 N. W, from
Worcester, and about 24 W. from
Fitchburg. Miller's river is a fine
stream, and affords Athol a great
water power.
The manufactures
of Athol consist of cotton goods,
hoots, shoes, leather, paper, iron
castings, scythes, ploughs, cabinet
ware, machinery, straw bonnets,
palm leaf hats, shoe pegs, harnesses,
shoe and hat boxes, pails, sashes,
annual amount
doors and blinds
about $175,000. Incorporated, 1762.
Population, 1837, 1,603.
;
—
Atldnson, Me.
Piscataquis co.
and served as chaplain in
the regiment under Col. Poor, stationed at Winter-Hill.
TllU academy in this town is one of the oldest
and most respectable institutions in
the state ; it was incorporated Feb.
" In a large meadow in
17, 1791.
this town, there is an island, containing 7 or 8 acres, which was formerly loaded with valuable pine
timber and other forest wood. When
the meadow is overflowed, by means
of an artificial dam, this island rises
in the same degree as the water
lution,
rises,
which
is
sometimes
six feet.
Near
the middle of this island, is a
small pond, which has been gradually lessening ever since it vva.s first
known, and is now almost covered
with verdure. In the water of this
pond, there have been fish in plenty ; Vviiich, when the meadow hath
been flowed, have appeared there,
and when the Avater hath been
drawn off, have been left on the
meadow at which time the island
settles to its usual place."
Population, 1830, 555.
;
This township
was incorporated in 1819. It lies
Attlelioi'ovigli, Mass.
about 35 miles N, N. W. from Bangor, 132 N. E. from Portland, and
This town lies at the N. W. cor79 N. E. from Augusta. Popula- ner of the county of Bristol
12
tion, 1837, 557.
It is bounded on miles N. from Providence, R. I., 8
the N. by Piscataquis river.
This N. W. from Taunton, and 28 S.
town has a fifood soil. Wheat crop, from Boston.
A branch of the
1-^37, 5,16S^bushels.
Pawtucket rises here, and several
;
Atl^Lnsou, N. H.
Rockingham
co.
It
is
situated
80 miles S. W. from Portsmouth,
and 32 S. E. from Concord. The
surface of Atkinson is uneven the
soil of a superior quality, and well
;
The cultivation of the
apple has received much attention
here, and the finest fruit is produced. Incorporated Sept. 3, 1767,
by its present name, in honor of
Theodore Atkinson.
Several of
the first settlers lived to a great age.
The Rev. Stephen Peabocly was the
first settled minister in Atkinson.
He was a native of Andover, Mass.
He took an active part in the revocultivated.
other rivers pass through the town.
It possesses a fine water power.
It
was first settled, 1644, and incorporated in 1694.
Population, 1837,
2,396.
The value of the manufactures at this place, for the year
ending April 1, 1837, amounted to
about^ $500,000.
That of cotton
goods alone to $229,571. The other manufactures consisted of boots,
shoes, leather, metal buttons, combs
jewelry, clocks, planing machines,
carpenter's tools, straw bonnets,
chairs and cabinet ware. This town
suffered much during the reign of
the celebrated Indian King Philip.
In 1675, Attleborough was a. frontier settlement.
�—
a
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
AwTjiirn, Mass.
Worcester
co.
town had been
Until
must pass
1837, this
Ward,
called
in
hon-
or of General Ward, of the revoluIt was incorporated
tionary army.
Population, 1837, 1,183.
in 1778.
Auburn is a pleasant agricultural
town. French river passes through
it.
It lies 5 miles S. by W. from
W.
Worcester, and 45
S.
W.
from
Boston.
;
;
;
;
tained 6,300 inhabitants.
Its Indian name w^as Cushnoe.
There
was, in its early settlement, a fort,
and four block houses built of timber, to afford protection to the inhabitants from the Indians, who
were then very troublesome. The
was
is still
Fort Western, and
standing on the east bank of
passage
The Kennebec bridge,
uniting the
river to a level surface ; it is well
laid out, neatly built, and contains
many handsome dwelling
houses.
of the streets are decorated
—
trees, planted on each side ;
striking evidence of the good taste
of the inhabitants.
The State House is a spacious and
elegant structure, located upon a
beaviliful eminence about half a
mile from the village, on the road
towards Hallowell, and commands
an extensive and very delightful
prospect.
It is built of hammered
granite, or rather gneiss of a white
color,
and
very
much resembles
The materiof which it was built, was quarried from the spot on which it stands.
It has a spacious hall for the Representatives ; two of convenient size
for the Senate and the Executive
Departments, and rooms for all the
marble,
at a distance.
al
offices
immediately connected with
the Government.
In front is an extensive commor? 5 adorned with trees
tastefully arranged, which, when
grown into shades, will afford a delightful
promenade.
called
the river, and is
dwelling house.
now occupied
as a
This is already a
town, not only in
its agricultural pursuits, but in its
commerce and manufactures. The
tonnage of the place is about 3000
very
its
by
This delightful town, the Capital of the state, and chief town
of the county of Kennebec, is in
N. Lat. 44° 18' 43" and W. Lon.
69° 50'.
It lies 146 miles N. E.
from Concord, N. H.; 182 E. N. E.
from Montpelier, Vt. 163 N. N. E.
from Boston, Mass. 203 N. N. E.
from Providence, R. I. 260 N. E.
from Hartford, Ct. and 595 miles
N. E. from Washington. Augusta is
situated at the head of sloop navigation on Kennebec river, 43 miles
from the sea.
The town lies on
both sides of the Kennebec, and
contains an area of 8 by 6 miles.
It was first settled in 1771, and incorporated in 1797. In 1836 it con-
fort
on
east and west parts of the town is
a fine structure.
It was built in
1799; is 520 feet in length, and
The town rises by
cost $28,000.
an easy ascent on both sides of the
Many
Angiista, Me.
this place
market.
to
flourisliing
The
United
States''
Arsenal
buildings are situated upon the east
bank of the
river, in viev/ of the village, and are chiefly constructed of
stone, and present a very fine ap-
The Government has
expended large sums of money in
pearance.
Its exports are lumber of all their construction, and it is expectkinds, oats, peas, beans, hay, pota- ed that soon the Government will
toes,
wool, cider, apples, &,c.
make it an Arsenal of ConstrucWhen the extent and resources of tion. There are at present about
the noble Kennebec and its tributa- 2000 stand of arms deposited here,
ries, above tide water, are considbesides cannon and other munitions
ered, some idea may be formed of of war.
The Post is commanded by
the vast quantity of lumber that a captain of the Ordnance Depart-
tons.
�NEW ENGLAND
ment, aided by a Lieut, of the same
GAZETTEER.
new era is opened to AuThe mighty waters of the
Kennebec have been arrested in
But
a
gusta.
corps.
The State Insane Hospital. This their course. That proud stream,
splendid granite edifice, an honor
which, for ages, has rolled its rapid
to the state and to humanity, occucurrent to the ocean, unimpeded by
pies a plat of elevated ground, of
the devices of man, is destined for
seventy acres, on the east side of
ages to come, to pay perpetual
Its situation is unrivalthe river.
homage to Yankee perseverance
ed for the beauty of its scenery.
and skill, and to lend its gigantic
This building was commenced in
strength to aid the arts and sciences
1836, and will probably be completin supplying the wants of millions.
ed and prepared to receive patients,
We may perhaps, be suspected of
in 1S39.
It will cost the state, and
partiality towards this lovely Vilgome beneficent individuals, who
lage of the East, for giving it so exhave made liberal donations towards
but, as accounts
tended a notice
its erection, about $100,000.
It is
of works of great public utility are
of the model of the Lunatic Hosinteresting to most of our readers,
pital at Worcester, Mass., and is
both duty and inclination prompt us
much admired for its external arch- to give a brief desciiption of the
itecture and internal arrangement.
Keivivebec Dam; a magnificent
The centre building and wings are structure; bold in its design curilong the centre building
262 feet
ous in its workmanship, and probis 82 feet in length, 46 feet wide, 4
ably unrivaled by any work of simstories high, besides the basement
ilar character and for'similar purand attic, having a chapel in the attic
poses, in this or an\^ other country.
80 by 40.
The wings are 90 feet
Although Augusta enjoys the
long in front, and 100 in the rear,
pleasure of seeing this noble enter38 feet wide, and 3 stories high, diprise accomplished within its own
vided into 126 rooms, 120 of which
borders, and by the energy of its
are designed for patients, the reown people yet improvements of
maining 6 for water closets and oththis character are by no means loer purposes, with halls between the
The benefits
cal in (heir effects.
rooms 12 feet wide running the enof this undertaking will be felt, not
each wing, and comtire length of
only in the valley of the Kennebec,
municating with the dining rooms
but throughout the state.
in the centre building.
;
—
—
—
—
;
—
;
The Augusta High
School,
an
elegant brick building, situated upon a beautiful eminence, 2 stories
high, 65 feet long by 50 wide, having a pediment front supported by
doric columns, and contains two
large school rooms, beside a laboratory and four recitation rooms, and
cost about $7,000.
is
The above is a brief sketch of the
prominent features of this beautiful and flourishing town
such as
;
—
has become by the common efof an intelligent and enterprising people, joined to the natural advantages of the place.
it
forts
3
These woi-ks were commenced
1836, by the Kennebec Locks
and Canals Company, and com-
in
pleted in September,
cost
1S37.
was about $300,000.
Tlie
They
are about half a mile above the cenof the A'illage, and were constructed under the supeiintendence
BoARDMA]v,of
of Col.
tre
William
Nashua, N. H., as chief engineer,
from whose report many of the following facts are elicited.
The
length of the
Dam,
exclu-
abutments and
Lock, is 584 feet— the base, 127
the height ^5 feet above orfeet
It is built
dinary high watei mark.
with cribs of timber, bolted and
sive
of the
—
stone
�—
—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
trenailed strongly together, and is
filled with ballast, to the very top.
The upper slope is covered with
five inch pine plank, jointed and
perfectly tight ; the lower with live
and three inch hemlock plank.
The crest, terminating at the sluice,
near the middle of the overfall, is
level, and covered entirely with
stone eisfht feet in length, and
strongly secured with iron straps
and bolts. The sluice, sixty feet
in length, is covered in the same
manner, and is about twenty inches
lower than the wings. The walls
Lock are 170 feet in length,
chamber 101 feet by 2S 1-3 feet
of the
its
with a single lift; the
west wall serves as the eastern
abutment of the Dam it is 23 feet
in the clear,
—
including, the guard gates.
The
gates are of great strength, built of
heavy oak timber, and in the most
substantial manner, revolving in
stone coins, with which stone and
sheet-piling is connected, extending
across and 25 feet into each bank,
and driven 10 feet below the bottom
of the Canals.
The walls on the banks of the
river, above and below the Dam,
extending about 500 feet, are of the
same height as the Canal walls,
and 8 feet thick at the base. On
the upper side of the Dam is a
sheet of timber-piling, tongued and
grooved, and either resting on the
bare ledge, or driven as far as they
could be made to penetrate into the
solid bed v/hich covers a portion of
thick at the base, graduated to 25 its surface, and is connected with
at the top.
The head and east wails the piling which passes under and
are of corresponding strength.
acro"<s tbe Lock into the east bank,
Both are built wholly of granite. and also with that which is driven
The face courses hammered, bed in the west bank of the I'iver.
and joint, rabnitted, and laid in ce- Above this, and extending to the
ment, and the rabbit filled with top of the Dam, so as to cover the
cement. The floor of the Lock is entire planking of the upper slope,
constructed of timber fifteen inches is a mass of gravel from 20 to 30
deep, and covered with five inch feet deep.
pine plank, tongued and grooved,
2,500,000 feet of fimber and about
with an additional flooring of five 25 tons of iron have been used in
inch hard wood plank, commencing constructing the Dam, and about
at the head of the Lock and ex- 75,000 tons of ballast have been detending fourteen feet. The main posited in it.
gates of the Lock, and guard gates
The Lock, Piers, River and Mill
of the Canals, are of white oak from walls, with the Canal walls, exthe Chesapeake, and the wicket tending to and including the guard
gates of cast iron.
The large stone gates, contain about 800,000 cubic
piers above the Dam, for the pro- feet of stone.
tection of the Lock and abutments,
During the progress of the work,
are each 30 feet square on the base, and especially while the course of
graduated to 25 feet on the top, and the river was contracted to a space
about 34 feet high, and built of of 17 feet wide by 24 deep (a time
granite, clamped and strapped with peculiarly favorable for forming an
iron.
estimate, and rarely offered in a
The Canals on each side of the stream of this magnitude) repeated
river are 50 feet wide in the clear, observations were made upon the
carrying 10 feet of water from the velocity of the current, and at no
level of the top of the dam.
The time was there found a less quantiwalls are 22 feet high, 7 1-2 feet ty than 2,500 cubic feet per second.
thick at the base, and 5 feet at the It is proper to add that the seasons
top. They are finished as far as, and of 1836 and 1837, were both re-
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
markable for the small quantity of
water running in all the streams in
this vicinity.
The pond formed by
this
Dam
covers 1200 acres. It is 16 1-2 miles
in length, and its average depth is
16 feet.
Augusta presents advantages
for manufacturing establishments,
equal, if not superior to any in New
England. It is located in the heart
of a large and powerful state, rapidly increasing in population and
wealth
;
surrounded by a
—
at
very low prices.
The
facilities afforded at this
place, for transportation, are of inestimable value to a large manufac-
Cotton and other raw
materials, and manufactured goods,
may be transported by water, to and
from the very doors of the mills.
At no distant period the great eastern railroad from Boston and Portland will pass through this town,
in its course to Bangor.
At this
tiaie, steamboats pass from Augusta to Boston in eleven hours.
November to
July.
Preparations are making for the
erection of buildings for extensive
manufacturing operations.
See Ap.
Aurora, Me.
Hancock
co.
This town
lies
106
miles from Augusta. With a population of only 140, this town produced, in 1S37, among its agricultural products, 855 bushels of wheat.
Avcrill, Vt.
Essex
Canada
CO.
line,
Guildhall.
This town lies on the
about 30 miles N. of
It has several
large
ponds and a branch
river.
'of
Nulhegan
Some
of these waters pass
to the Connecticut, and some to the
river St. Francis. The soil of Averill is cold and broken, with few cultivators.
turing town.
Avon, Me.
Franklin co. Avon lies 35 miles
from Norridgewock, and
50 N. N. W. from Augusta. It
W. by N.
was incorporated
in
1802.
Popu-
watered by
some of the head branches of Sanlation, 1837, 767.
It is
dy river. In 1837, this town produced 3,220 bushels of wheat.
The greatest consideration, however, in regai-d to Augusta, as a
manufacturing town, is its unfailing suppli/ of water.
branch of tb.e Kennebec
surplus power from
inexhaustible
fertile
country, rich in every necessary
agricultural product, and stored with
granite, clay, lumber, lime, iron
ore
every building material ; all
of which are found near the spot,
and
'
Avon,
Ct.
Hartford co.
The main en
fi-om
This town was takFarmington, in 1830. Pop-
ulation, 1,025.
It lies between two
mountainous ridges and has considerable rich level land on the borders of Farmington river.
This is
of water.
On its passage to Augus- a handsome agricultural town and
ta, Dead river. Seven Mile Brook,
possesses some very beautiful scentlie Sandy, Sebasticook, and many
ery.
The view from Monte Video,
other less powerful streams pay their on Talcott mountain, nearly 1000
tribute to it.
Indeed, all the waters feet above the waters of the Conis the outlet
lake, with numerous powerful tributaries, connected
with other lakes or large reservoirs
of an inunense
of the extensive valley of the Kennebec, above the Dam, meet at this
place.
It may be said with safety,
that this place possesses a water
power amply sufficient to drive
200,000 spindles, day and night,
throughout the year; and an almost
necticut,
is
quite
enchanting.
"Wardsworth's Tower," or Monte
Video, is much resorted to by parof pleasure in summer months.
is 6 miles N. from Farmington, and 9 W. N. W. from Hartties
Avon
ford.
�'
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Baclielder, Me.
Oxford
This township lies
between two moinUains on the line
of New Hampshire, 20 miles W.
by N. from Paris, and 60 W. from
Augusta.
CO.
Baileyville, Me.
Washington
This town is on
the line of New Brunswick, about
45 miles N. by W. from Machias,
and 80 E. N. E. from Bangor. Inco.
corporated, 1828. Population, 1837,
331.
BaileyviJle is watered on the
E. by the St. Croix, and on the N.
by the outlet of Schoodic lakes.
Baker's River, N. H.
Baker's river, a considerable
stream in Grafton county, is formed of two branches. The N. branch
has its source near Moosehillock
mountain in Coventry.
It runs
southerly through Warren into
Wentvvorth, where it unites with
the S. branch which originates
in
Orange. After the union of these
branches, the river pursues a S. E.
and an easterly course through the
S. part of Rumney and the N.
part
of Plymouth, where it forms a junction with Pemigewaset river
just
above Plymouth village.
It was
on this river, in the township of
ber of ponds, affording fish of various kinds.
Baldwin was incorporated
in
1,133.
1802.
It
is
Population, 1837,
26 miles W. S. W.
froju Portland.
Ealtiniore, Vt.
Windsor co. This town was taken from Cavendish in 1793. Hawk
mountain is the division line. The
soil iswai-m but stony.
1,200 sheep.
An abundance of gneiss and granite
is found here.
It'is 10 miles^N. W.
from Windsor and about 65 S. from
Montpelier. Population, 1830, 179.
Eaiigor, Me.
This
is
the chief town of Penob-
scot county.
It lies in N. lat. 44°
47' 50"., W. long. 6S° 47'.
It lies
66 miles E. N. E. from Augusta,
120 N. E. by E. from Portland, 230
N. E. from Boston, Mass., 115 S.
from Easlport, and 675 N. E. fj-om
Washington. The first settlement
in this place, by the whites,
was
made in the winter of 1769 1770,
In 1772,the Piantation,Kenduskeagj
as it was then called, consisted
of
twelve families. In 1790, the population of Banoor was 169
in 1800
277; in 1810,850; in 1820, 1,221;'
in 1830, 2,868, and in 1837,
9,20l!
This place is situated at the head ol
Rumney, that General Stark was navigation on the
v/est side of Pecaptured by the Indians, on the 28th nobscot
river, 30 miles N. by E.
of April, 1752.
from Belfast bay, 60 to Matawamkeag Point, 120 to Houlton, and
Bakersiield, Vt.,
about 60 miles from the open sea.
Franklin co., lies 30 miles N. E. The compact
part of the population
from Burlington, 38 N. N. W. from reside
on both sides of Kenduskeag
Montpelier, and 15 miles E. from stream,
about 190 yards in width at
St. Albans.
Branches of Missis- its mouth, over which are
three
que river pass through it.
This bridges, and on which, at the foot
town is well timbered with hard of the falls,
about a mile from the
wood the land is warm, but some- city, are
numerous mills.
The
what broken. 4,000 sheep. First bridge across
the Penobscot, 100
settled about 1789.
Population, rods above the mouth of the Ken1830, 1,087.
duskeag, is about 440 yards in
length. It cost $50,000. The basin
Ealdwim, Me.
at and below the mouth of the KenCumberland co.
This town is duskeag, where the shipping
lie
bounded E. by Sebago pond and W. to receive their
cargoes, is 80 rods
by Saco river. It contains a num- in width, and
affords good anchor,
;
J
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
age.
The tide generally rises about
Ship building is extensively pursued at this place
but
commerce in lumber, of all the va17
feet.
;
rious kinds in use, is the principal
occupation of the inhabitants. An
immense amount of that article is
annually rafted down the rivers,
and transported to almost all parts
of the world.
Bangor is the greatest depot for lumber on the continent of America.
On the Penobscot river and its
tributary streams, above Bangor,
are more than 250 saw-mills, capable of cutting at least two hundred
million feet of boards a year; all
of Vv'bich, except what is used in
building, must be shipped at the
harbor of Bangor.
The value of
the boards, timber, clapboards, shingles, oars, scantling, wood, &c.,
shipped at this port, varies from a
million to a million and a half of
dollars, annually.
About 1200 vessels of about 110 tons burthen are
annually employed during the season of navigation, in freighting lumber, timber, &c., to various places.
There are belonging to this place,
about 100 sail of coasting vessels,
50 engaged in foreign commerce,
and 15 or 20 other vessels engaged
in the tisheries.
boats ply to and from Portland and
Boston, during the season of navigation, which generally continues
eight months in the year.
The
great eastern railroad from Boston
will doubtless reach this eastern city
before the lapse of many years.
On the banks of the Penobscot,
within the city, three miles above
the mouth of the Kenduskeag, is
what is called " Fort Hill," the site
of a fortification, supposed to be the
ancient "Negas," destroyed by Captain Heath, with a party of men,
in 1725, who, it is said, " fell on a
village of about 50 Indian houses,
and committed them to the flames.
The Indians becoming alarmed, deserted them."
Bangor is on one of the noblest
rivers in the Northern States ;
the
product of an almost innumerable
number of tributary streams. Na-
—
ture has seated Bangor at the natural outlet of these mightj' waters,
as the mart of one of the most extensive, and one of the richest alluvial basins east of the Ohio valley.
It is true that this section of
country is in a high degree of latitude, and that the icy chains of
winter are felt with greater force
and for a longer period than in more
southern climes. But this seeming
town disadvantage is more than compensated by the unrivalled purity of
two of the inIts government is under a Mayor the air and water,
and seven Aldermen, who consti- dispensable requisitions of health
and twen- and longevit3^ There is probably
tute the upper Board
ty-one Common Council men, who, no portion of counti-y in the world
when they have elected a Presi- where the great staples of wheat,
Bangor was incorporated
in 1791.
In 1S34
it
as a
became
a city.
—
;
dent, constitute the lower Board.
city court sets every Monday.
The site of the city is pleasant,
commanding fine views of the rivers and the adjoining country. The
buildings, both public and private,
are constructed with neatness and
taste, and some in a style of supe-
A
elegance.
Conveyances for
travellers from the city are frequent
and comfortable ; both by land and
water.
railroad is in operation
to Oldtown, 12 miles, and steamrior
A
s'
beef and wool can be produced with
greater
facilitj^
duce can
;
where surplus pro-
market at less expense, or where the industrious agriculturalist can reap a more sur©
When the present popureward.
lation of this immense territory,
find a
extending from tide water to Madawaska, is compared with that of
older settlements of a less fertile
soil, of less navigable facilities, and
in nearly as high a degree of latix
tude, the mind is favorably sti'uck
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
with the flattering prospects of the
valley of the Penobscot, and with
pleasing anticipations of the prosSee Register.
perity of its city.
Baring, Me.
izens of other towns, similarly situated, and of all toicns, who may
wish more full descriptions of their
i-esources, &c. than we are able, at
present, to give, are also requested
to
Washington co.
This town is
hounded N. by the St. Croix river,
E. by Calais and Robinston, and W.
by a large and beautiful pond which
empties into the
Croix.
Incorporated, 1825.
Population, 1837,
286.
The railroad froni Calais, 4
miles, will soon be completed to
this place.
209 miles N. E. by E.
St.
from Augusta.
Barkliaiifipsteail, Ct.
Litchfield CO.
This town is watered by branches of Farmington
river.
The soil is more particularconsiderable
ly adapted to grazing
beef and the products of the dairy
are sent to market.
It is 26 miles
N. W. from Hartford, and 20 N. N.
Population,
E. from Litchfield.
First settled, 1746.
1830, 1,715.
Incorporated, 1779.
Granite, iron
ore and limestone are found here.
The hilly part of the town presents
:
some
fine scenery.
HitchcockviUe,
north of the centre of the town, is
a flourishing; manufacturina: vi!lag;e,
with great water privileges.
Barnard, Me.
All the knowledge we can obtain
in regard to this town is, that it lies
in the county of Piscataquis, 108
miles from Augusta
that in 1837,
there were 132 people in the town,
and that they raised 444 bushels of
wheat, the same year;- that this
town received ^264 of the surplus
;
—
—
revenue;
forward their communications.
Barnard, Vt.
Windsor
W. Walker
act of the legislature for quarrying
slate, and that Stephen Palmer is,
or was, Postmaster.
Now, the good people of Barnard
are hereby respectfully requested
to give the editor their latitude and
longitude, and other necessary infoiTnatiQii for future editions.
Cit-
First settled, 1774.
Population,
1778.
watered by
Broad Brook which empties into
White river in Sharon and by Locust Creek, which also empties inIt
is
;
to
White river
in Bethel.
On
this
Creek, during the revolutionaiy war,
there was erected a Fort, where
the militia of this and other towns
were stationed as a defence against
Indian depredations they having
surprised and carried to Canada a
—
number
of its first settlers, in 1780.
In the centre of this town is the
village, and a beautiful pond, from
which issues a stieam on which
On this Creek is
there are mills.
an establishment for the manufacThis
ture of starch from potatoes.
stream joins its waters with the
Creek one mile from the pond. The
The
surface of this town is hilly.
soil is well adapted to grazing; and
there are but few towns that turn
otT yearly more cattle, butter and
cheese, sheep and wool. The number of sheep is about 6,000. It lies
10 miles north of Woodstock, and
40 miles south of Monlpelier.
It is stated as a singular fact, that
the firing on Bunker Hill, on the
17th of June, 1775, was distinctly
heard in this tov/n, 130 miles N.
W.
— that in
1837, Augustus
and others, obtained an
co.
Incorporated,
1830, 1,881.
from Charlestown.
Barnet, Vt.
Caledonia co. This town lies on
Connecticut river, at the 15 mile
falls, and opposite to Lyman, N. H.
It has a good soil, and is an excellent farming town, with slate and
iron ore.
It lies 35 milos E. from
Montpolier, 10 S. by E. from Danville, and 65 N. by E. from Windsor.
Population, in 1830, 1,764.
�—
NE\7 ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Many of
First settled, about 1763.
the inhabitants are of Scotch descent. This town has a great waier
power on Passuaipsic and Stevens'
On
rivers.
the
latter, are falls of
100 feet, in the distance of 10 rods.
This vvater power is improved by
three ilannel and other manufacto-
There area number of pleas-
ries.
ant and
fertile
islands in the river
between this place and Lyman, and
some beautiful ponds in Barnet,
which afford tish of various kinds.
quite a romantic place, and
lies at the head of navigation on
In 183o,
the Connecticut river.
the product of the farms, carried to
market, amounted to $26, 3S1. One
farmer sold 3,000 lbs. of butter, and
There are about
3,000 ibs. of pork.
4,000 sheep in the town.
This
is
Barustal>le County, Mass.
Barnstable is the chief town.
This county was incorporated, 1685.
Population* 1820, 24 046—1330, 23525— and in 1837, 31,109; area,
about 330 square miles. This county includes the whole of Cape Cod,
extending E. and N. into tlie Atlantic ocean, and which Gosnold
discovered in 1602.
It is bounded
N. W. by Plymouth county, and
W. by Buzzard's bay. Cape Cod
lies in the form of an arm, half open
the elbow is at Chatham, 20 miles
the hand, the
E. of Barnstable
wrist inclining inward, is at Race
Point, 23 miles N. by V.'. of ChatThe whole length of the
ham.
Cape is 65 miles, and the average
This count}" is
breadth about 5.
principally diluvium.
Below the
town of Barnstable the county is
quite sandy, so much so that the
people are generally dependant on
Boston and other towns for a large
proportion of their meats and breadThis deticit is amply comstuffs.
pensated by the unrivalled privileges enjoyed, and well improved
by them, in the cod, mackerel and
other fisheries.
This county has
but little wood, but it is well stored
;
;
with peat.
About two
millions of
dollars are invested in the
manufac-
ture of salt.
There were manufactured in this county in the year
ending April 1, 1837, 669,064 bushels of^salt, valued at .$219,870. The
manufactures of cotton and woollen
goods, boots, shoes, iron castings,
glass, cabinet and tin wares, cordage, &c., amounted to $496,602.
There are in this county 370 vessels employed in the whale, cod
and mackerel iisher5\ The tonnage,
24,373 tons. The value of the fishery, in one year previous to April,
Tonnage of
1837, was $557,737.
the District,' 1836, 30,278 tons. "The
annual amount of tonnage of vessels
built is about 1,000 tons; value,
Total annual value of
$63,318.
the fisheries and manufactures, $1,The number of sheep in
337,527.
the county in 1837, was 7,332.
Barnstable county is noted for its
fine sailors and men of superior nau-
The
tical talents.
brated for their
ladies are cele-
fair
and good housewifery
;
complexions
but are pe-
culiarly subject to the vicissitudes
pertaining to a maritime situation.
By a statement recently made, it
appears that there were in this
county nearly a thousand widows
living, who had lost their husbands
by the dangers of the sea. In two
towns, (Harwich and Wellfleet,)
there were 223 widows who had
This
lost their companions.
county has 13 towns and 91 inhabitants to a square mile.
thus
;
Barnstable, Mass.
This
the chief tow^n of Barnand a port of entry.
It is 65 miles from Boston.
Sandy
JVeck, on the N. side, forms a good
harbor for vessels of 8 feet of water.
Hyannis, on the S. side, 6 miles S.
E. of Barnstable C. H., is now a
is
stable county,
good harbor but by an expensive
Breakioater, constructing at that
place by the U. S. government, it
will soon become perfectly safe
fix)m all winds, for all classes of
;
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
vessels navigating the Sound, and
passing round the Cape. The " Pilgrim Fathers" landed here, Nov.
11, 1620, and borrowed some corn
The
of the Mattacheeset Indians.
celebrated patriot, James Otis, was
born here, Feb. 5, 1725. He died
at Andover, May 23, 178.3.
The
manufacture of salt was commenced
here as early as 1779. It then sold
There were made
for ,$6 a bushel.
27,125 bushels of salt in this town
Between 50 and 60 sail of
in 1837.
fishing and coasting vessels belong
This town has nuto this place.
merous ponds, a considerable water
power, some
fine upland,
and wooden ware, amounted in one
year to $56,562. Pop. 1837, 4,017.
'N.
H.
Belknap co. This town lies 26
miles W. by N. from Dover, 36 N.
W. from Portsmouth, and 20 N. E.
from Concord. Incorporated, 1767.
Population, 1830, 2,047. Barnstead
is not mountainous, but has large
swells of land, good for grazing.
About 2,500 sheep are kept here.
The soil is easy and productive.
There are several ponds in this town
the largest are the two Suncook
ponds, which lie near each other,
Brindle pond, and Half-moon pond,
on Alton line. These waters are
stocked with fish, and are discharged into the Suncook.
Barnstead
was granted May 20, 1727, to the
Rev. Joseph Adams and others.
Settlements commenced in 1767.
—
Barre, Vt.
A
branches of Onion river, which afford
Inexhaustigood mill privileges.
ble quantities of granite are found
here, of the excellent quality with
which the capitol at Montpelier is
built.
This is a great thoroughfare
for travellers, particularly for large
teams from the north to Boston, by
the Gulf road.
A large number of
these noted six and eight horse
teams are owned here. Barre was
first settled in 1788.
Present population, about 2,500.
Barre, Mass.
and ex-
The manutensive salt marshes.
facture of vessels, salt, boots, shoes,
hats, leather, cabinet ware, chairs,
Barzistead,
7,000 sheep are kept here.
It is
well watered by Stevens' and Jail,
pleasant and flourishing town
in Washington county, six miles
S. of Montpelier, and 48 N. by W.
This is considered
of Windsor.
one of the best farming towns in
the state. Large quantities of pot
and pearl ashes, beef, pork, butter
and cheese, are annually taken from
this place to Boston market. About
Worcester
This excellent agis on high land,
and is well watered, particularly by
Ware river, on which are many
mills.
The manufactures of Barre
for the year ending April 1, 1837,
amounted to about '$365,000. The
articles manufactured were woollen
and cotton goods, ($161,600) copper
CO.
ricultural township
pumps,
boots,
shoes, carriages,
leather, paim-leaf hats, ($167,200)
straw bonnets, axes, scythes, and
gunpowder.
Large quantities of
beef, butter, cheese, &c., are an-
nually sent from this town to Boston market.
It was incorporated in
1774.
Population, 1837, 2,713.
It
lies 65 miles W. by S. from Boston,
24 N. by W. from Worcester, and
15 N. E. from Ware. Barre took its
name in honor of Col. Barre, an eloquent friend of America in the
British Parliament.
Earriiigton, N. H.
It lies 20 miles N.
from Portsmouth, 10 W. from
Dover, and 30 E. from Concord.
The surface of Barringlon is somewhat broken and rocky, the soil be-
Strafford co.
W.
ing principally a gravelly loam.
The town is abundantly supplied
with ponds, of which there are no
less than thirteen of considerable
magnitude, from whence issue
streams affording excellent mill
seats.
At one of these mill seats.
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
on the
perpen-
I«in2;lass river, is a
of 30 feet.
There is,
about two miles from the centre of
the town, a remarkable cavern, or
fissure in a rock, commonly called
the DeviVs den.
The entrance is
on the side of a hill, and is sufficiently large to admit a person in a
stooping posture.
Having entered
5 feet in a horizontal direction,
there is a descent of 4 or 5 feet, on
an angle of 45'-', lai-ge enough only
to admit the bodj- of a middling sizdicular
fall
ed man.
After squeezing through
passage, you enter a chamber
60 feet in length, from 10 to 15 in
height, and from 3 to S in width.
Communicating with this, are several other fissures of equal height,
and from 10 to 15 in length. Barrington was incorporated May 10,
1722, and the settlement commenced in 1732.
Population, 1830,
this
1,895.
BarriiigtoU; R.
Bristol CO.
cord, and 85
N. N. W. from
mouth.
lies
Portsthe foot of the
White Mountains, on the eastern
side.
Its soil is various, and, on the
This
Saco, in some parts, good.
river meanders through the centre
of the town.
Bartlett was incorporated June 16, 1790.
Population,
1830, 644.
Bai'toii, Vt.
by Barton
and by an inlet of Warren river, over which is a bridge.
er's
river,
The
soil
of the
town
is
of
a fertile,
river,
which
rises
in
Glover, and empties into Memphremagog lake.
Here are several
ponds containing good fish. Barton
is a thriving town, with a good hydraulic power, and about 3,000
sheep.
It lies 9 miles S. E. from
Irasburgh, and 40 N. E. from Montpelier. "Population, 1830, 729.
Basin
IIai-1>or,
Vt.
See Ferrishurgh.
about 8 square miles, originally belonged to Massachusetts. It was
attached to Rhode Island in 1746,
and incorporated in 1771.
It is
bounded southerly by Narraganset
bay, and is well watered by Palm-
at
Orleans co.
This town derived
its name from Gen. William Barton,
of R. I., and was first settled in
1796.
The town is well watered
I.
This small town, of
It
Baskaliegau River, Me.
This
i-iver rises in a large lake of
the same name, in the county of
Washington, near the line of New
Brunswick it passes westerly 15 or
20 miles, and falls into the Matawamkeag, a tributary of the Penobscot.
;
sandy loam, and quite productive.
Batli, Me.,
Large quantities of sea-weed are
collected on its shores.
A large In the county of Lincoln, is situtract in Barrington, called " the ated on the west bank of Kennebec
cove," now covered with water to river, 12 miles from the sea, 32 N.
a considerable depth, is supposed to E. of Portland, and 31 S. from Auhave once been a forest, as timber gusta. It is bounded E. by Kenand fuel are obtained from its bot- nebec river, S. by Phipsburg, W.
tom.
Some salt is made in this by New Meadows river and Brunstown, and shell and other fish are wick, and N. by Merry meeting
abundant. Barrington lies 8 miles
E. S. E. from Providence, and
about 7 miles N. by W. fiom Bristol.
Population, 1830, 612.
Bartlett, N. H.,
Coos
45 miles S. E. from
Lancaster, 82 N. N. E. fi-om ConCO., is
Population, in 1830, 3,773;
and in 1837,4,523.
Incorporated, 1780.
An attempt
was made by a missionary to settle
this place, and preach to the fishermen, as early as 1670. But the Inperdians would not permit it.
manent settlement was made in
bav.
in ^^1835, 4,200,
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The
1756.
principal business of
verhill,
Mass.
Population, 1830,
commerce, trade and shipbuilding, for which it is admirably
There belonged to
well located.
1,627.
ships 32''brigs,
51 schooners, and smaller vessels.
Tonnaoe of the distiict of Bath, ineluding the waters of Kennebec
Total
river, in 1S37, 41,728 tons.
number of vessels belonging to the
district of Bath, in 1835, 37 ships, 94
brigs, 195 schooners, 10 sloops, and
This river is about 45 miles in
length. It rises in Dorset, and passing Manchester, Sunderland and
Arlington, it
receives
Roaring
Brook and other tributaries in Vermont; it then passes into the state
of
York, and falls into the
Hudson, three miles below Fort
Miller, and about 35 miles N. from
Bath
is
this port in 1835, 26
1
steam-boat.
Total, 337.
The
harbor of Bath is seldom obstructed
Regular lines of steamby ice.
boats ply between this place and
Portland and Boston, about threefourths
of the year.
Batli, N. H.,
Battenltill River.
New
Albany, N. Y.
Bays and Harbors.
The bays and harbors in
Camp River, N. H.,
formed of several branches rising on the south side of Sandwich
The two
and Albany mountains.
principal branches unite in Ossipee,
and fall into Ossipee lake on its
western border.
Bear
Grafton co., on Connecticut river,
is 32 miles N. of Dartmouth College, 82 N. W. of Concord, and 9
N. of Haverhill. Bath is pleasantly situated in the vale of the Connecticut, between the Green moun-
on the W., and the White
Mountains on the E., by which it is
effectually shielded from high winds
and long storms. The Amonoosuck
Is
tains
river waters the S. E. part, affording many fine mill seats and water
The Amonoosuck has
privileges.
a very convenient fall at the village,
macalculated to accommodate
chinery to any extent. Two mills
for the manufacture of cassimere,
and other machinery, are already
erected. -At the principal village,
(which is very pleasant,) there is a
considerable bridge over the Amonoosuck, of 350 feet in length, built
The soil on the hills is
in 1807.
generally a reddish loam, on a bed
In the valof marl, or hard pan.
leys, it is alluvial. About one-sixth
part of the whole town is intervale
land.
in
Bear River, Me.,
Rises in the highlands, near Umpasses Newry, and
empties into the Androscoggin, opposite to Bethel,
bagog lake,
Beclcet, Mass.,
An elevated farming townsliip
oh the Green mountain range, in
Berkshire county. Westfield, Farmington and Housatonick rivers receive the waters of several ponds in
It has some small manthis town.
ufactures, and about 7,000 sheep.
The town was
agriculture of this
place 5,550. sheep are kept here.
The town was granted, 1761, and
the first settlement was made in
the
:
Ha-
incoiporated in 1765,
and lies 110 miles W. from Boston,
15 E. S. E. from Lenox, and 23 W.
Population,
from Northampton.
1837, 957.
Beddingtoii, Me.
Much improvement has been
made
1765, by John Herriman from
New
England are generally mentioned
under the places pertaining to them.
Washington
co.
There are sev-
ponds in this town, which are
among the head waters of Pleasant
and Narraguagus rivers. Incorpo-
eral
rated, 1833.
Population, 1837, 169.
�NL.V^
ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
35 miles N. W. from Machiand about 40 E. tVom Bangor,
It lies
as,
Bedford,
This
]V.
H.
town
a pleasant
in Hills3 miles N.
S. b> E. from
Concord. Merrimack and Piscataquoag are the only rivers in this
town. The latter passes through
its N. E. corner, where there is the
pleasant and flourishing village of
is
borough county. It
E. from Amherst, 20
is
Piscataquoag. This town has considerable very productive intervale
land.
It has been noted for the
cultivation of hops and for its fine
domestic manufactures. On the W.
line of Bedford, are a remarkable
gulf and precipice, which are objects of curiosity.
considerable
brook passes over the precipice, and
falls about 200 feet within the distance of 100 yards. Here are found
several excavations in solid stone,
which are sufficiently large to contain many persons.
In mineralogy,
this town aifords a great variety of
specimens.
Iron ore is found in
different places, and in several vari-
A
eties.
Sulphuretof
iron,
imbedded
in common granite, and red oxide
of iron, combined with alumine, are
common.
Black lead, pyritous cophornblende, epidote,
talc, mic?i, black, yellow and green
gneiss, crystallized quartz, &c. are
found here. The first child born in
town was Silas Barron, sonof Capt.
.per,
schorl,
Population, 1837, 858.
It lies 15
miles N. \V. from Boston, and 5 N.
E. from Concord. Bedford is bounded N. by Concord river. It has
some manufactures
;
principally of
boots and shoes.
Belcliertoira, Mass.,
A
beautiful
town
in
Hampshire
county, originally called " Cold
Spring," 75 miles W. from Eo.-,ton,
11 E. from Northampton, and 27 E.
from Pittsfield. Population, 1837,
2,593.
First settled, 1732.
Incorporated, 1761.
The soil of the
town is of an excellent quality, and
well improved. Large quantities
of wool are grown in this town.
It
is separated from Ware by Swift
river, on the N.
The principal
manufacture is that of pleasure
wagons, of which about 600 are annually made. Mr. A, Shumway, of
this place, has driven the sta^re be.
•
tween Belchertown and Northampton 25 successive years.
In that
period he made 15,000 trips, travelled 218,400 miles, and carried at
least 124,000 passengers; yet, although his hours of travelling were
early in the morning and late in
the evening, he never broke a limb,
overturned his coach, or met with
any serious accident whatever, during his whole career.
Belfast, Me.,
town of Waldo counMoses Barron, in 1741. The town ty, and a portof entr}% and is beauwas incorporated. May 19, 1750. tifully situated on Belfast bay, on
Bedford was the residence of many the W. side of Penobscot river. It
Indians in former times.
Near lies 40 miles E. from Augusta, SO
Goffe's falls is a spot of ground, S. from Bangor, SO N. from Thomabout ten rods long and four wide,
which is supposed to have been an
Indian burial place.
Population,
1S30, 1,554.
Bedford, Mass.
This is a pleasant town in Middlesex county, and the source of Shawsheen river. This town was formerly parts of Concord and Billerica, and was incorporated in 1729.
Is the chief
aston, and, across Belfast bay, 12
from Castine.
The town was
W.
in-
corporated in 1773, but not permanently settled until about the year
17S5.
There is considerable good
land in Belfast.
In 1837 it produced 3,492 bushels of as good
wheat as ever grew on the prairies
the "boundless West."
The
Paasaggassawakeag river passes
near the centre of the town, and
of
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
much to
The
the appearance of the
harbor is very good
it is guarded hy Long and Sears'
islands, and has anchorage for a
adds
place.
great
numberof vessels of the
The proximity of
est class.
larg-
Bel-
fast to the sea, its site in relation to
Penobscot river, and its excellent
which was never known to
have been obstructed by ice, but
twice, (1780—1815,) give it peculiar advantages for foreign commerce, the coasting trade, and the
harbor,
fisheries.
Considerable ship building is carj'ied on at this place. The
tonnage of the district of Belfast in
1837, was 29,342 tons. The principal
exports are lumber and fish.
Population, 1810,1,259; 1820, 2,026;
1830, 3,077, and in 1837, about
Belfast, although irregular4,000.
ly built, is a pleasant town, and is
an important winter mart of the
trade of Penobscot river.
Belgrade, Me.
Kennebec
co.
In this town are
of three large and beautiful
ponds or lakes, well stored with tish.
They are connected v^'ith each other, and find an outlet at Waterville.
The scenery on the borders of these
waters is truly delightful.
It produced in 1837, 6,340 bushels of
wheat. Belgrade was incorporated
in 1796.
Population, 1837, 1,4S3.
It lies 10 miles N. W. from Augusta, and 69 N. by E. from Portland.
The village at Belgrade Mills, 6
miles from the centre of the town,
and 16 miles from Augusta, is a
very flourishing place.
parts
Bellaiiay
A
river,
Bank, N.
II.
one branch of which
is-
sues from Chesley's pond, in Barrington, and the other fi-om low and
marshy lands in the vicinity ; these
unite in Madbury, and after meandering through the town, the waters fall into the Piscataqua, on the
W. side of Dover Neck, where the
stream
is
called
Back
river.
Belliiigliam, Mass.
Norfolk CO. The soil of this town
light and sandy, and not very
good for agricultural purposes. It
is finely watered by Charles river,
and has a good hydraulic power.
Its manufactures, consisting of cotton and woollen goods, straw bonnets, boots and shoes, amounted, in
one year, to $127,837. It Hes 18
miles S. W. fiom Dedham, 17 N.
by W. from Providence, R. I., and
28 S. W. from Boston.
Population,
Incorporated, 1719.
1837, 1,159.
Iron ore is found here.
is
Bellows' Falls.
See TValpole, JV. H.
Bclnioiit,
Me.
This tow^n is well watered by the
Paasaggassawakeag, which rises
there in a pond of that name, and
empties at Belfast, about 6 miles N.
It lies 34 miles E. by N. fi-om Augusta.
In 1837, Belmont produced
3,435 bushels of wheat, and considerable wool. Waldo county.
Belvidere, Vt.
Lamoille co.
A mountainous
township on the west side of the
Green ^fountains, 32 miles N. E.
from Burlington, 32 N. from Montpelier, 27 E. by S. from St, Albans,
and watered by branches of Lamoille i-iver.
Incorporated, 1791.
Population, 1830, 185.
Eeiiaiiisgtoii
Bennington
Comity, Vt.
Sim]
the chief towns.
Manchester are
This
is
the oldest
county in Vt., on the west side of
the Gi'een Mountoins.
It is bounded on the north by Rutland county,
on the east by Windham county,
on the south by Berkshire county,
Mass., and on the west by the state
of New York.
It is 39 miles long
and 20 wide.
Area, 610 square
Population, in 1820, 16,125 ;
1830, 17,468. Inhabitants to square
mile, 28
The low lands are excelmiles.
�!
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
lentjand produce good crops, but the
largest portion of the county is
mountainous, and fit only for grazMany streams rise in the
ing.
mountains and descend to the ocean,
some by the Hudson and some by
the Connecticut, affording a great
hydrauhc power. Lead and iron
ores of good quality are found in
this county, and large quarries of
beautiful white marble.
The number of sheep in this county in 1837
was
69,823.
Beuniiigtoii; Vt.
One
of the chief towns of Ben-
nington county. It lies 120 miles
S. W. by S. from Montpelier, 25 S.
from Manchester, and 30 east from
Troy, N. Y.
Population, 1330,
Present population, about
3,419.
4,200. First settled, ITGl. The town
is situated high above the great rivers and the ocean, yet we find it of
good alluvial soil, delightfully encircled by ever-green mountains. It
abounds in iron ore, manganese,
ochre and marble.
The streams
are numerous and afford excellent
mill sites.
The products of the
soil consist
mon
to
of
New
all
the varieties com-
England.
Great
at-
the rearing of
sheep about 7000 of those useful
animals feed on the hills and valleys.
There are in Bennington, 6 cotton
and 3 woollen factories, a very extensive iron foundry, 2 furnaces, a
tention
is
paid
to
:
paper
mill, flouring mills, &.c.
The
public schools justly sustain an elevated rank. Bennington is finely
On the borlocated for the muses.
der of this town, about 6 miles W.
of the court house, the gallant
Stark, with a small band of " Northern
Yeomen," celebrated for
their bravery, gained an important
victory over the British, August 16,
1777.
The fame of that battle is
as imperishable as the mountains
which overshadov/ the ground.
Shame to the country
there is
not a stone to mark the spot
:
—
Benson,
.Vt.
Rutland co. This town, on Lake
Champlain, was first settled in 1783.
Population, 1830, 1,493.
It lies 75
miles S. W. from Montpelier, 20. W.
N. W. from Rutland, and opposite
to Putnam, N. Y.
The lake at this
place
is
The
about a mile in width.
town has some streams
affording
but none of great importance. The waters are generally
brackish and unpleasant.
stream
issues from a swamp in this town,
and after running a short distance,
passes through the base of a high
hill, a distance of more than half a
Benson has good pine, mamile.
ple, walnut, oak and beech timber,
and a bog of marl resembling fuller's earth.
There are about 14,000
mill sites,
A
sheep in
this
town.
Bci-'kley, Pilass.
Berkley lies 37 miles
from Boston, 18 E. from Providence, and 5 S. from Taunton. Population, in 1837, 873.
Taken from
Dighton in 1735, from which it is
Bristol CO.
S.
separated by Taunton river.
Some
coasting vessels belong to this place,
and some ship building is carried on.
Assonet village, on Taunton river,
at Dighton and
Berkley bridge,
is
the principal place of business.
Berkshire County, Mass.
Lenox is
countv was
the chief town.
incorporated in
This
1770.
Population, 1820,35,666; 1830,37area, 860
825, and in 1837, 39,101
square miles. Bounded N. by Bennington county, Vt., V/. by Rensselaer and Columbia counties, N. Y.,
S. by Litchfield county, Ct., and
E. by Franklin, Hampshire and
Hampden counties. This county
;
is
rough and hilly
but
it
in
many
affords considerable
parts,
very
fine
produces much wool,
all sorts of grain, and exports great
quantities of beef, pork, butter, &c.
The number of sheep in this counBerkshire
ty in 1837, was 136,962.
land,
and
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
is
the most elevated county in the
to
1829, was called Maynesborough.
The Green and Taughkannic The
state.
Mountains
cross
it
from N.
to S.;
the average height of which is about
1,200 feet above the level of the
The Housatonick and Hooits chief rivers.
The former empties into Long Island Sound;
29
the latter into the Hudson
sea.
Androscoggin and Amonoosuck rivers pass through it. It is
about 20 miles E. from Lancaster,
and 125 N. fiom Concord. Population, 1830, 73.
sick are
Berlini, "Vt.
This is a pleasant town in Wash45 inhabitants to a square ington county, watered by Onion and
" This county possesses, in Dog rivers, Stevens' branch, and a
mile.
rich and inexhaustible abundance, number of ponds, furnishing good
three of the most important articles mill sites, and excellent fishing.
of the commerce of the world, Iron, The land is somewhat broken, but,
Marble and Lime, and its wood and of strong soil and good for tillage.
water power are fully sufficient to Considerable manufactures are proenable it to fit them for the pur- duced in this town, and about 6,000
There is a mineral spring
poses of life." The tonnage of this sheep.
county to its marts of trade, princi- here of little note. First settled in
Population, 1830, 1,664.—
pally on the Hudson, amounted, in 1786.
1834, to no less than 34,075 tons. Berlin is bounded N. by MontpeAt the present time it probably ex- lier and E. by Barre.
ceeds 40,000 tons. The enterprize
Berlin, Mass.
of a railroad from Boston to Albany
Worcester co. T'aken from Bolwill soon be accomplished, and canPopulation, 1837,
not fail of being exceedingly benefi- ton, in 1784.
It lies 15 miles N. E. from
cial, not only to this county, but to 724.
Worcester, 31 W. by N. from Bosthe commonwealth at large.
ton, and 7 S. E. from Lancaster.
BerJtslili'e, Vt.
branch of the Assabet affords
Franklin co. Elihu M. Royce, this town good water privileges.
son of Stephen Royce, was the first Large quantities of hops are prosome wool, and some
child born in this town. That event duced here
On Missisque baskets.
occurred in 1793.
and Trout rivers, which water this
Berlin, Ct.
town, is some fine intervale land.
Hartford co. Taken from FarPike river, from Canada, atFords
•Berkshire a great water power. mington, inl785. Population, 1830,
This town lies 11 miles S.
This town lies 50 miles N. W. from 3,047.
Montpelier, 22 N. E. by E. from from Hartford, and 23 N. from New
Haven.
The surface of Berlin
St. Albans, and 31 N. E. by N.
from Burlington. Population, 1830, is hilly, but productive of grass,
grain and fruits.
There are in the
About 3,000 sheep.
1,303.
town about 2,000 sheep. The vilBerlin, Me.
lages of Worthington and JVew
Oxford CO. This town is bounded Britain are very pleasant, and the
E. by Phillips, S. by Weld and W. manufactures of brass, tin and othby Byron. It lies 100 miles N. er wares, there pursued, are very
from Portland, 45 N. W. from Au- extensive and flourishing. The first
gusta, and about 40 N. from Paris. manufacture of tin
ware in this
Population, 1837, 470. Wheat crop, country was commenced
at this
same year, 2,175 bushels.
place, in about the year 1770, by
Berlin, N. H.
Edvt^ard Patterson, a native of IreCoos CO. This town, from 1771 land. Mr. Patterson peddled his
:
towns
;
A
;
�V
v
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ware about the country, on foot, in
baskets ; his successors in the manufacture did the same, until the uses
and value of the article becoming
known, and the demand increasing,
horses and wagons were employed
and thus this important manufacture of New England v/as transported to all parts of the country.
;
Bei'iiardstoii,
Franklin
co.
This
Mass.
a township
is
of
superior land for agricultural
purposes, considerably elevated, between Fall and Connecticut rivers.
Bethany and Naugatuck
sents some
features.
river, pre-
wild and picturesque
Bethel, Me.
Oxford CO. Incorporated in 1796.
Population, 1837, 1,864.
Bethel
lies 18 miles N. V*^. from Paris, 61
N. W. from Portland, and 63 W.
from Augusta. This town is bounded N. and W. by Androscoggin river, and S. by Greenwood.
This is
a fine farming town, and produced
5,214 bushels of wheat in 1837.
Betliel, Vt.
It was formerly called Fall Toicn.
Windsor CO. This town was first
There was a fort here in 1746,
when this part of the county was settled in 1780, and was the fir^t
peopled mostly by Indians. It was town chartered by the governr i"i;L
incorporated, by its present name, of Vermont.
It lies 31 miles S.
W. from Montpelier, and 30 N. Vv
in 1764.
It lies 96 miles W. by N.
from Boston, and 7 N. from Green- from Windsor.
Population, 1830,
l-
Population, 1S37,S7S. Bald
and West mountains afford delightful scenery
the former is 630 feet
above the waters of the Connectifield.
:
cut.
Here
—
are springs
containing
magnesia, sulphur and iron. Bernardston produced, in one year,
16,000 bushels of corn and rye, and
5,000 barrels of cider.
There are
3,022 sheep in this town, and some
manufactures of shoes, leather,palmleaf hats, and scythe snaiths.
Berwicic, Me.
York
This town
porated, 1713.
Population, 1837,
Betliaiiy, Ct.
co.
Woodbridge, in 1832.
miles N. by ^^\ from
the largest.
lies
1,799.
New Haven
:
is
on the
E. side of Salmon river, about 14
miles S. S. W. from Alfred, 45 S.
W. from Portland, and 9S S. W.
from Augusta. Berwick has considerable trade in lumber.
IncorCO.
1,240.
Bethel is watered by
branches of White river, and possesses good mill sites.
Soap stone
is found here in groat quantities
and of good quality much of it is
sawed and transported. Garnet in
small, but perfect crystals, is also
comm^on. The surface of Bethel is
broken and mountainous, but the
soil is warm and good for grazing.
It has about 8,000 sheep.
Considerable business is done at both villages. East and West ; the latter
Taken from
It
lies
New
10
Hatown
ven. Some portion of this
is good land and well cultivated,
but a large part of it is mountainous, and fit only for the growth of
wood. Beacon mountain, between
Betliel, Ct.
Fairfield co.
This is a pleasant
and flourishing village, in the town
of Danbury, and about 3 miles N.
W. from
the centre of that town.
There are about fifty dwelling houses in the village, and about thirty
work shops or factories. The manufacture of hats and combs is the
principal business of the place, and
large quantities of both are annually transported to Boston,
York and other places.
New
Betlileliem, N. H.,
Grafton co., is bounded N. by
Whitefield and Dalton, E. by Car-
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
by Fran- the " Flower of Essex," a compaN. W. by- ny of young iiien from this county,
It is watered by Great and who were, with their leader,
Littleton.
Amonoosuck river. The soil pro- almost wholly cut off" by the Inroll
and ungrauted land,
S.
conia and Lisbon, and
duces good crops of grass and grain. dians, at Bloody Brook, in 1675.
There is plenty of pine timber and
Biddeford, Me.
sugar maple. Iron ore, both of the
mountain and bog kind, has been ocYork CO. On the S. side of Saco
casionally found.
Two mineral river, and connected with the town
springs have been discovered.
of Saco by a bridge.
The town
Bethlehem was settled in 17.90. extends down the river to the sea,
It was incorporated Dec. 27, 1799. and includes a point of land called
" Fletcher's Neck," off" which are
Population, 1830, 665.
several small islands; on one of
Hetlileliem, Ct.
which. Wood Island, is a revolving
Litchfield co.
This town is 38 light. This is a good township for
miles W. S. W. from Hartford, 32 agricultural pursuits, the coasting
N. W. by W. from New Haven, trade, ship building, and the fishand 8 S. from Litchfield.
It was ery.
It lies 38 miles N. E. from
taken from Woodbury in 1787. It York, 15 S. W. from Portland, and
is hilly, with a gravelly loam, and
69 S. W. from Augusta.
First
Incorfit for grazing and the growth of permanently settled, 1630.
rye.
Popu- porated, 1718.
It lias 2,000 sheep.
Population, 1837,
lation, 1830, 906.
The town is wa- 2,278. See Saco.
tered by Pomperaug river, a branch
Billerica, Mass.
of the Housatonick.
Middlesex co. This town is waBeverly, Mass.
tered by the Concord and ShawEssex CO. This tov»rn lies N. of sheen rivers, and has a pleasant vilSalem, a-nd is united to it by abridge lage, on high ground, near the cenacross the North river, built in 1783, tre.
Its soil is good and well imThe people proved. The Middlesex canal and
1,500 feet in length.
of this town are noted for their en- the Boston and Lowell rail road pass
terprise in commerce and the fish- through the easterly part of the
eries.
There are some merchant town. First settled, 1653. IncorPopulation, 1837,
vessels belonging to this place, porated, 1655.
about 50 sail of fishermen, and 20 1,498. Here are some manufactures
coasters.
The annual value of the of woolen cloth, boots, leather,
fisheries at Beverly is about $100,- wooden ware, straw bonnets, shav000. The manufactures, consisting ing and splitting knives, bed bindBillerica
of Britannia ware, tin and cabinet ing, soft soap, and spirits.
wares, chairs, hats, boots, hair, mus- fies 18 miles N. W. from Boston,
tard and bricks, amounted in one 7 S. S. E. from Lowell, and 7 N. E.
year to about $120,000. The pros- by N. from Concord.
perity of this town has not suffered
the growth of luxury or excess of
trade ; its fisheries and manufacturing concerns are steady and progressive.
First settled, 1626.
Incorporated, 1688. Population, 1830,
4,079—1837, 4,609. Among many
distinguished men who have lived
and died at Beverly, was Captain
Bimgliaian,
Thomas Lothrop, who commanded
Me.
On
by
the
Somerset co.
bank of Kennebec
river,
eastern
opposite
Concord, 26 miles N. from Norridgewock, 118 N. N. E. from Portland, and 55 N. from Augusta. In-
to
corporated, 1812. Population, 1837,
701.
In 1837, 2,548 bushels of
wheat was raised in this town.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Black Rivers.
Blaiidford, Mass.
Hampden co. Branches of WestBlack river, in Windsor county,
Vt. is 35 miles in length.
field river rise in this town and give
It rises
Blandford
in Plymouth, passes Ludlow, Cav- it a good water power.
endish and Weathersfield, and falls was incorporated in 1741. It was
into the Connecticut at Springfield. originally settled by a company from
This river passes through many nat- the north of Ireland. It lies 114
ural ponds, and affords a great num- miles W. by S. from Boston, and 15
W, by N. from Springfield. Popuber of mill seats.
Black river, in Orleans county, lation, 1837, 1,443. The manufacVt. is about 30 miles in length. It tures of the place consist of woolen
Annual
rises in some ponds in Craftsbury, cloth, paper and leather.
and passing through Albany, Iras- amount, $50,500.
The agricultuburg, and Coventry, it falls into ral products sent to market in 1836,
amounted to ^22,340. There were
Memphremagog lake at Salem.
Black river, in Somei'set county. in the town 1,535 cows and 1,822
Me. is one of the head branches of merino sheep.
the Walloostook.
Block Islaud, R. I.
Blackstoiie River, Mass.
The most
river rises
Bloody Brook, Mass.
between Paxton and Hol-
den.
It passes Worcester, and tlie
ponds in Shrewsbury pay it the tribute of their waters. After passing Auburn, Grafton, Millbury,
Sutton, Northbrido;e. Uxbrid2;e and
Mendon, it passes into the state of
Rhode Island, where it changes its
name to Pawtucket, and meets the
tide
See JVew Slioreham.
inland branch of this
waters in Providence river.
See Deerfield.
BloomHeld, Me.
Somerset
fine
BlacltAvater River,
Blackwater
from
river,
Bf.
N. H.
H.
This town was
in-
township of land, and produced
in 1837 5,080 bushels of wheat.
so called
dark appearance, is formed
by two small streams, one of which
rises in Danburj^ and the other issues from Pleasant pond, in New
London.
These branches unite
soon after crossing the W. line of
Andover, and form the Blackwater,
which passes through the S. W. part
of that town
from thence through
the W. part of the towns of Salisbury and Boscawen into Hopkinton,
where it empties into Contoocook
co.
corporated in 1814, and lies on Kennebec river, 33 miles N. from Augusta and 7 below Norridgewock,
opposite to Skowhegan.
Population, 1837, 1,053.
Bloomfield is a
Blooniiield, Vt.
its
Essex
W.
CO.
Bloomfield
lies
on the
side of Connecticut river, and is
watered by branches of the
Nulhegan. Population, 1830, 150.
It is about 20 miles N. from Guildhall, and 60 N. E. from Montpelier.
also
BloomHeld,
Ct.
;
river,
Blaucliard, Me.
This was formerly
Windsor, called Wintonbury. It derived its name from the
circumstance of the parish being
formed from Windsor, Farmington
and Simsbury the name Win-tonbury being a part of the name of
each of those towns. It was incorHartford co.
a parish in
;
Piscataquis CO. This town lies 116
miles from Augusta.
In 1837, 795
bushels of wheat was raised here.
Population, same year, 261.
See
Barnard, Me.
4*
porated into a town in 1835.
The
inhabitants enjoy a fine soil, and cultivate it with great industry, pro-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ducing large crops of grass and
grain, with an abundance of choice
tween Concord and Nashua rivers.
Here are good limestone, and small
about six miles N.
Population, about
manufactures of boots, shoes, leather and combs.
fruit.
It
lies
from Hartford.
1,400.
Bolton, Ct.
Eliie Hill
Hancock
and Bay, Me.
co.
The town
lies
at
the head of a large bay, of the same
name, 12 miles E. from Castine,
and 78 E. from Augusta. There
are several large ponds in Blue Hill,
and a hill of 960 feet in height, from
which
delightful marine scenery
is
presented. Incorporated 1789. Population, 1837, 1,808.
The bay has
Long and other islands inside and
outside, Burntcoat, and a group of
smaller islands. Blue Hill bay is
;
connected with Penobscot bay and
river by a passage between the
islands and main land, of about 12
miles.
It lies about 16 miles W.
from Frenchman's bay.
Blme
Hills.
Tolland co. This town lies 14
miles E. from Hartford, and 10 milep
S, by W. from Tolland.
Popula-
The soil is a coarse,
hard, gravelly loam, fit only for
grazing.
It is within the granite
region of the eastern section of the
tion, 1830, 744.
The Bolton
state.
Stone Quarry
is
" Tlie stone is a spequite noted.
cies of slate, of a brilliant light
gray color, composed of mica and
quartz, and is excellent for flagging
and other purposes. It is extensively used in the principal cities of the
United States. For strength it exceeds any other known in this country, and the demand for it is rapidly
increasing." The supply is inexhaustible.
Boon
Island, Me.,
The first range of mountains on
the eastern coast of
Hampshire and Maine ; and the elevated
lands in Milton, Mass. are thus denominated, in consequence of their
blue or cloud-like appearance, at a
distance, on the ocean.
ledge of rocks, with a lighthouse thereon ; about 9 miles E.
from Kittery. Near this island the
steamboat New England, on her
passage from Boston to Gardiner,
Boar's Head, W. M.
contact with a loaded coaster, on the
night of the 28st of May, 1838, by
New
See Hampton.
Bolton, Vt.
Chittenden co. Population, 1830,
452,
17 miles S. E. from Burlington, and 17 N. W. from Montpelier.
Incorporated, 1763.
Bolton lies on
the western side of the Green
Mountains.
Onion river passes
through the town, on the banks of
which most of the inhabitants reside.
Bolton, Mass.
A
good farming town in the county of Worcester, 31 miles W. by N,
from Boston, and 15 N. N. E. from
Worcester.
Incorporated,
1738.
Population, 1837, 1 ,185.
It lies be-
A
met
'a
fatal disaster,
by coming
which many valuable
lives
in
were
jeopardized.
EootliTSjay,
Me.
co.
This town is boundby the mouth of Sheepscot
river, N. by Edgecomb, E. by
Damariscotta river, and S. by the
ocean.
It is nearly surrounded by
Lincoln
ed
W
.
water, and is noted for its excellent
harbor.
Its maritime situation renders it a place of considerable business in the coasting trade and fisheries.
This town lies 39 miles S. S.
E. from Augusta, 12 E. N. E. from
¥/iscasset, 60 E. N. E. from Portland, and about 40 miles S. W. by
W. from Owl's Head, by water.
Boothbay is a fine watering place.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
and many visit it, in summer months,
for health or pleasure.
Here may
be found all the enjoyments of sea
fishing and fowlair and bathing
ing; ocean and island scenery; for
which JVahant, in Massachusetts
bay, is justly celebrated. Incorpo;
rated, 1764. Population, 1837, 2,5(32.
BoscaAveu, N. M.
Merrimack
co.
Boscawen
is sit-
uated between Concord and Salisbury, on the W. side of Merrimack
river.
Bo'cawen is 3 miles N. W.
from Concord. Besides the J^.Ierrimack, the west part of this town is
watered by Blackwater river, running nearly parallel with the former, through the whole extent of
the town, and about five miles distant from it. It is not a large stream,
but very important, both on account
the fertile fields of champaign
borders, and the numerous water privileges it affords.
There are
tw^o ponds of some note. Great pond,
near the centre of the town, Long
pond, in the west part, and mill seats
at the outlet of each.
Boscawen is
of a deep, productive soil, affording
many excellent farms delightfully
situated.
The surface, when view-
of
on
its
ed from its highest parts, appears
uncommonl}'^ level. From the numerous streams of living water, and
from the peculiar direction of the
swells of the hills, this town probably derives that pure air and uniform temperature which are so conducive to health.
The principal
village is in the east section of the
town.
It is situated on a spacious
street nearly two miles in length,
very straight and level. Here the
eye of the traveller
is
attracted and
delighted by the fertile intervales
and windings of the river Merrimack. There is another village on
a pleasant eminence near the west
meeting house.
Boscawen was
granted by Massachusetts in 1733.
The proprietors gave to it the name
of Contoocook, after the Indian
name of the river. It received its
present name when it was incorporated, April 22, 1760, from Edward
Boscawen, a celebrated English admiral then on the American station.
The first settlement commenced
early in the season of 1734.
Abigail Danforth was the first child
born in the town.
The Indians
made frequent predatory incursions
on the inhabitants. See Duston's
Island.
Among the deceased citizens of
this place entitled to respectful notice, are, Geoi'ge Jackman, Esq.,
the first town clerk, who continued
in office 36 years.
He was appointed a justice of the peace under
Geo. II. and continued in that office
during air successive changes down
to ISIS.
Rev. Samuel Wood, D. D., for
more than half a century the minister of Boscawen, was distinguished for his learning and piety.
Hon. Ezekiel Webster, a native
of Salisbury, resided here many
years.
He was an eminent barrister at law, of extraordinary talents,
and great private worth. He died
in the court house, at Concord,
April 10, 1829, aged 49, beloved
and lamented by
character.
all
who knew
his
Population, 1830, 2,093.
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
County of
dom,
The
Suffolk.
sachusetts, and of
New
ancient city of Bostgiv, the capital of Mas-
England, and the birth place of Aiaerican Free-
Old Boston, South Boston,
naturally divided into three sections
is
and East Boston, situated
western extremity of Massachusetts
The peninsula on which Old Boston is built, extends from Roxbu-
Bay.
ry, on the south, to
at the
Winnesimet Ferry, on the north, and
rounded by the waters of Boston harbor on the
on the north and west.
Its
breadth about one mile.
length
is
east,
is
nearly sur-
and Charles river
nearly three miles, and
its
average
contained about 700 acres, but
It originally
its
been greatly extended, by filling up around its borders. Its
quite uneven.
It has numerous eminences, rising from 50 to
territory has
surface
is
110 feet above the sea, affording admirable
to
it
a peculiarly romantic appearance.
sites for building,
It is in
north Lat.
W.
and giving
42^^ 21'
23"
Me.
N. H. 160 S. E. by S, from Montpelier, Vt.
158 E. (19' S.) from Albany, N. Y. 40 N. N. E. from Providence, R. I.
97 E. N. E. from Hartford, Ct.
207 N. E. by E. from New York, and
432 miles N. E. by E. from Washington.
Its Indian name was Shawmut. It was called by the first settlers Tramount, Tremont, or Triand west Lon. 71°
63
S. S.
4' 9".
It lies 163 miles S. S.
E. from Concord,
from Augusta,
;
;
;
mountain, from three hills nearly in its centre. It took its present name
on the 7th of Sept., 1630, in honor of the Rev. John Cotton, second minister of the first church, who came from Boston, in England.
The original proprietor of this territory
was John Blackstone, who, soon
after its
settlement by Winthrop and others, removed to Rhode Island.
was incorporated
as a city,
Boston
February 23, 1S22.
South. Boston.
This part of Boston was set off from Dorcheste'r, by legislative enactment, March the 6th, 1804. It is bounded south by Dorchester Bay,
and spreads about two miles on the south side of the harbor, above the
forts.
It contains
squares.
The
about 600 acres, and
is
laid out into
surface of this part of Boston
is
reguJar streets and
exceedingly picturesque.
In about the centre of this tract, and about two miles from the City Hall,
the memorable " Dorchester Heights" rear their heads 130 feet above
the sea, from which is presented a splendid view of Boston, its harbor,
and the surrounding country.
It is
bridges.
This part of Boston
wealth.
The Washington House,
near the "Heights,"
is
is
connected with Old Boston by two
rapidly increasing in population and
now
the
Asylum
for
the
a noble building, and a delightful residence.
blind,
�NEW ENGLAND
GAZETTEER.
East Boston.
This section of the city, until recently, had been called A'^oddle's IslIt lies about 660 yards N. E. from Old Boston, and about the same
and.
distance from Charlestown.
It is
divided from Chelsea by Chelsea Creek,
which
600 feet wide, over which
is
road to the Salem turnpike.
The Eastern rail-road,
East Boston. The island
commences
ryport, &c.,
at
a bridge, and from
acres of land, and a large body of
ny
of enterprizing
1833, and the
A
ing
is
first
is
between
established
each side every
A
and Charlestown.
a
compa-
ferry
The
is
this place
and Old Boston,
in cross-
about being established between
surface of the island
is
pleasingly va-
dwelling houses and gardens
for
manufactories of vari-
particularly for ship building, and
;
all
those branches of
This place
is
The Maverick Hotel
commpdious
site.
is
me-
See Appendix.
chanics connected with navigation.
who owned
was purchased by
well located
moderate prices.
ous kinds
Newbu-
contains about 660
The time occupied
five minutes.
riegated, and affords delightful sites for
at
an excellent
They were incorporated in March,
house was commenced in October of the same year.
about three minutes.
this island
is
Salem,
gentlemen in 1832.
steam-boat ferry
starting from
It
flats.
to
a large and splendid building, occupying a
This house
is
named
in
honor of Samuel Maverick,
the island and resided there in 1630, and
who
is
said to
have
—
made " some figure in the history of after times a man of very loving
and courteous behavior, and very ready to entertain strangers."
Boston Harbor,
Extends across Light House Channel and Broad Sound, from Point Alderton on Nantasket, to Point Shirley in Chelsea, a distance, between the
islands, of about 4 miles.
est navy.
It is safe,
The most important
and of ample capacity
part of this harbor
is
for the larg-
entered by a narrow
between two and three miles below the city and Navy Yard; and is
well protected by two powerful forts Independence and Warren. The
outer harbor, below these forts, will shortly be protected by a very powerful fortress now erecting on George's Island, at a great expense, by the
pass,
—
government of the United
of great beaut)', and
is
States.
Boston harbor contains
many
islands
the reservoir of the Mystic, Charles, JVeponset,
Manatiquot and other rivers. Its borders are environed by the towns
Hingham, Weymouth, Braintree, Quincy, Dorchester, Roxbuand the numerous
ry, Brookline, Cambridge, Charlestown, and Chelsea
of Hull,
;
small bays, coves and inlets, indenting their shores, give great variety,
much to the scenery of this delightful harbor.
Owing to the almost insular situation of Boston, and
and add
its
population appears small.
But
it
must be
its
limited extent,
couvsidered that the neigh-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
borini?
towns of Quincy, Dorchester, Milton, Roxbury, Biookline, BrighCambridge, Charlestown, Medford, Maiden, and Chel-
ton, Watcrtovvn,
sea, although not included in the city charter, are
and are as
city,
turing, literary,
much
and
associated with
social
it
in all
component parts of the
commercial, manufac-
relations and feelings, as
New
and Harlem are with the city of
hattanville,
its
Greenwich, Man-
York; or Southwark
and the Northern Liberties with Philadelphia.
The
population of Boston in 1700,
was 7,000—1722, 10,567—1765,
15,520—1790, 18,033—1800, 24,937—1810, 33,250-1320,43,298-1830,
61,391—1837, 80,325, and in 1840, 93,470.
Avenues.
The
many
peninsular situation of Boston requires
and from the surrounding country.
Boston and Roxbury, one mile and 117 feet in
sage
to
it
by
land..
On
was incorporated, March
breadth,
bridge by
to
Charlestown, was opened
9, 1735.
avenues
This bridge
is
Charles
Rwer
for travel.
It
1,503 feet in length, 42
and cost $50,000.
its
to
Neck," between
length, was the only pas-
the 17th June, of that year, the
Bridge, leading from Boston
in
artificial
Until 1736, the "
Net revenue in 1834, $9,383.
charter becomes state property in 1856.
This
West Boston Bridge, leading to Cambridge, was opened on the 23d
November, 1793. It was incorporated March 9, 1792. Length of
the bridge, 2,758 feet— abutment and causeway, 3,432— total
length,
6,190 feet. Cost, $76,667. Net revenue in 1834, $12,928. This bridge
of
become
will
state property in 1879.
South Boston Bridge, leading from Boston Neck to South Boston,
was
March 6, 1804, and opened for travel in July, 1805. Length,
1,550 feet— width, 40.
It cost the proprietors about
incorporated
city property
$50,000.
— free.
It is
now
Canal Bridge, from Boston to Lechmere Point, in East
Cambridge,
was incorporated February 27, 1807, and opened for
travel in August,'
1809.
this to
Net
Length, 2,796 feet— width, 40. A lateral bridge
extends from
Prison Point, Charlestown. Length,
1,820— width 35 feet
receipts in 1834, $3,173.
1879.
This bridge will become state property in
^
^
The Western Avenue, leading from Beacon
in Brookline,
was
was incorporated June
14, 1814,
street to SeivelVs Point,
and commenced in ISls'
opened for travel, July 2, 1821. This
avenue is a substantial dam
across Charles river bay, about
a mile and a half in length, and from
60
to 100 feet in width.
This dam encloses about 600 acres of
flats over
winch the tide formerly flowed from
7 to 10 feet.
partition dam divides this enclosure, and forms,
by the aid of flood and ebb gates, a full
It
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
and receiving basin; thereby producing, at all times, a great hydraulic
power. The cross dam also forms an excellent avenue from the main
dam
The
to
Roxbury.
by
4,
receipts in 1834, $6,133.
avenue claim a perpetual franchise.
Boston Free Bridge, from Sea
March
Net
Cost, about $700,000.
proprietors of this
1826— completed,
proprietors of lands in
street to
South Boston.
Length,
1828.
the vicinity.
500— width,
Incorporated,
38 feet.
Built
City property.
—
Warren Bridge, leading to Charlestown. Length, 1,390 feet width,
Incorporated March 12, 1823, and opened on the December follow44.
The net receipts of this bridge in 1834,
ing.
It is now state property.
were $16,427.
All the above avenues are lighted with lamps,
make
when
necessary, and
a beautiful appearance.
Public Buildings.
Some of those of the most prominent character only can be mentioned.
The City Hall, or " the Old State House," on State and Washington
streets, now occupied by the city government, Post-Office, Reading-Room,
&c.,
is
110 feet in length, 38 in breadth, and 3 stories high.
ings on this spot have been destroyed by
tire.
the second in 1714, and the present in 1748.
The
first
was
Two
build-
built in 1659,
Until the erection of the
present State Flouse, this building had ever been used for governmental
purposes, both colonial and state.
Faneuil Hall, or the "Cradle of Liberty," in Dock Square, is three
by 80, and was the gift of Peter Faneuil, Esq. to
The building was enlarged in 1805, and until the
the town, in 1742.
new Market was built the lower part of it was used for meat stalls. It is
stories high, 100 feet
now improved
for stores.
The Hall
patriots, warriors
is
76 feet square, 28 feet high, and
It is
has deep galleries on three sides.
adorned with superb paintings of
and statesmen.
The
This building
on an open square, on Eeacon-street,
third story
is
improved
for
armo-
ries.
State House.
is
common. Its foundation is 110 feet above the level of the sea.
It was commenced in 1795, and completed and occupied
Cost, $133,333.
Length, 173 feet— breadth, 61. On the area
in 1798.
of the lower hall stands the beautiful Statue of Washington, by Chantry.
From the top of the dome on this building, 52 feet in diameter, and
fronting the malls and
230 feet above the level of the harbor, the
with
all its
crooked streets,
its
""vhole city
extended avenu'^s,
its
appears beneath,
splendid buildings,
and the malls and common, crossed Avith romantic walks, and shaded by
centurian elms.
sents
its
On
numerous
the north and west the county of Middlesex pre-
villas,
and a rich array of agricultural
taste
and beau-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ty.
Here
field of
granite
are
viewed the hallowed
liiils
Harvard, and the sacred
the south the county of Norfolk appears, with
On
Bunker.
halls of
its
and luxuriant vales, chequered with a thousand farm houses,
On the east, the city, with its lofty
splendid mansions.
cottages, and
harbor and the ocean,
spires, the
all
conspire to render this the most en-
chanting scene, west of the Bay of Naples.
The Massachusetts Hospital
at the
western part of the
feet in length, and
on the banks of Charles river.
Commenced
54 in breadth.
This building
1821.
city,
on an open plot of ground of 4 acres,
is
of granite, and
is
is
It is
16S
181S, completed in
in
a beautiful
monument
of taste
and beneficence.
Faneuil Hall Market.
The corner
of
stone
superb granite
this
building was laid on the 27ih of April, 1S25, and completed in 1827.
^150,000, exclusive of land.
square, 536 feet, and
ing, 74
77 feet
fish
ranged
The
50 feet in width.
is
The
to
lov/er floor
The upper
and vegetable market.
rises
feet,
exclusively appropriated as a
is
be divided into compartments
Cost,
Dock
centre part of the build-
by 55, projects two o-r three feet on the north and south, and
from the ground, to a beautiful dome. The wings are 31
and two stories high.
meat,
extends east of Faneuil Hall, on
It
story
is
one vast
ware-rooms and
for
hall, ar-
lara-e sales.
On the sides of this building are JVorth Market street, 65, and South
Market street, 102 feet in width on each of which is a range of spacious ware-houses, with granite fronts.
On the east, across Commercial
street, is a commodious wharf, belonging to the city.
The hall in the
;
centre of the building
L.L. D., the
late
is
called
indefatigable
Quincy Hall, in honor of Josiah Quincy,
mayor of the city, and now president of
Harvard University.
Tremont House. This superb hotel,. on Tremont and Beacon streets,
was commenced on the 4Lh of July, 1828, and completed 16th of October,
182J)..
Its granite front
The wings
on Ti-emont street
are four stories high
;
that on
is
160 feet, and 3 stories high.
Beacon
and that on the south, fronting an open square,
building contains 180 rooms.
high.
The dining
hall
street
is
is
is
84 by 34 feet;
110 by 40
feet.
This
70 by 31, and 14 feet
Cost, $68,000, without the land.
JVew Court House. The corner stone of this building, in Court
square, between Court and School streets, for the accomm-odation of all
the couits of law for the county, city, and the United States, offices of
record, &c.,
was
laid Sept. 28, 1833.-
the Quincy quarry.
10 inches,
and
Its
length
is
It is of cut, or
hewn granite, from
;— width, 53 feet
175 feet 10 inches
height 57 feet 3 inches.
A
portico of nearly the
same
model of the Doric portico at Athens, adorns its north and south fronts.
There are four columns of fluted granite at each of these porticos, meas-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
uring 25 feet 4 inches in length, and 4 feet 5 inches in diameter. They
The interior contains four court rooms, 50 feet by
tons each.
weigh 25
40, and large and
commodious
departments.
offices for all the respective
Houses of Industry, Correction, and Reformation.
These houses are
delightfully situated on a plot of ground of about 61 acres, situated at
South Boston, on the margin of the harbor, and near the brow of Dorchester Heights.
Trinity Church, in
Summer
Paul's Church and the Ma^
Washington Bank, in Washingerected by the Suffolk Bank, the
street, St.
sonic Temple, in Tremont street, the
ton street, the granite building lately
United States Bank, in State street, and the Steeple of Park street
Church, are some of the best specimens of architecture in Boston.
Schools aud Institutions.
The
civil
New
of
first settlers
England were exceedingly tenacious of their
knew that knov;ledge was an
preserve those rights, and transmit them to their
and religious rights, and they well
all-powerful engine to
They
posterity.
which
schools, of
therefore very early laid the foundation of those /ree
all
the sons and daughters of
New
England are justly
Exclusive of Infant and Sabbath school scholars, about a quar°
proud.
ter part of the population of Boston
is
kept
brated for
its
schools, but for
its
institutions for moral, religious,
throughout the
school
at
year, at an annual expense of about $200,000.
Boston
is
not only cele-
munificent donations in support of
and literary purposes.
its
Since the year
1800, not less than two millions of dollars have thus been appropriated
by the
citizens of Boston.
NeAV England Institution for the Education of the BUnd.
This Institution was incorporated in 1S29
until 1832,
when
Dr.
Howe
;
but,
little
was accomplished
accompanied by a
returned from Europe
blind teacher; manifesting that zeal in the cause of the blind
distinguished his philanthropic labors, in another sphere,
He opened
land.
of those children
a school with six blind
was
so great,
young
interested.
By
gift of a
progress
citizens,
generally,
became
public and private donations, particularly by the
influence of ladies in several parts of
cent
The
and the value of an Institution of the
kind so apparent, that legislatures and
much
scholars.
which had
in a distant
New
England, and by the munifi-
splendid building in Pearl street,
by the Hon. Thomas H.
Perkins, the Institution has increased, both in reputation and funds, with
unparalleled success.
common
The
in other schools,
literature.
Music
is
scholars are instructed in
the study of
and enjoyed by the pupils.
5
all
those branches
and some of them in the higher branches of
all.
Mechanical labors are taught
Musical instruments of
all
kinds, and other
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
A printing
Implements are provided for their convenience and use.
press is established, and several books have been printed in embossed
It is exceedingly delightletters, which are superior to any in Europe.
ful to see these interesting
youth, whose lives once seemed a dreary
waste, and to witness their improvement in acquiring useful knowledge,
partaking of
all
those recreations, natural and proper for their age, sex,
and condition, and
Institution
is
fitting
themselves
managed by
governments of
all
the
a
for useful stations in society.
board of trustees, and
is
The
patronized by the
New England States.
Eye and Ear
Infirmary.
This Institution was commenced in Boston, by Drs. Jeffries and Reynolds, in 1824, from a conviction of
its utility
and importance, derived
from what they had seen and known of similar establishments in Europe.
Those gentlemen conducted the establishment at their own expense for
some time, during which large numbers received the most important
benefits.
In 1827, by the philanthropic exerlions of those, and other
gentlemen, an act of incorporation was obtained, and some funds wer©
raised.
As early as 1828, 2,610 cases were treated at the Infirmary, of
which about five-sixths were cured. Of these cases about one-sixth
were for diseases of the ear. Since that time the number of applicants
has increased annually; and this Institution, whose merits are not surpassed by any other in the city, has now a beautiful and commodious
building in Bowdoin square for the reception of patients.
Theatres.
The Boston Theatre, on Federal and Franklin
streets,
was burnt, February 2, 1798
and re-opened on the 29th of October, the same year.
ed February
3, 1794.
It
;
was first openwas re-built,
it
It is of brick,
152
now denominated
*' The Odeon," and is consecrated
to the worship of God.
A huge w ooden building was erected on Tremont street, and opened as the " HayMarket Theatre," December 26, 1796. The citizens in its neighborfeet long, 61 wide,
and 40 high.
hood being fearful of
its
This building
conflagration, caused
its
is
demolition,
by subscrip-
and the block of elegant brick dwelling-houses, near, and north of
Eoylston street, now occupy the spot.
tion,
The Tremont
Tlieatre, on
Tremont
with a granite front 135 feet by 79.
opened September 24, 1827.
The
streets,
ing was
It
street, is a
very neat building,
was commenced
J^Tational Theatre, at the junction
of Portland
near the Warren bridge, was constructed in 1831.
first
in July, and
Cost, about $120,000.
used for equestrian performances.
and Traverse
This build-
�NEW EXGLAND GAZETTEER.
Boston Common.
This
is
considered one of the most delightful promenades in the world.
It comprises
about 75 acres of land, of variegated surface, beautifully
shaded by trees of various kinds, particularly in
which surround
dred years ago.
Some of
The malls
it.
those trees
t?i8
malls, or walks
were planted more than a hun-
are wide, beveled, graveled, and
the waters of Charles river, and the romantic scenery beyond
prospect.
which
The whole
by
common
the city, that
it
are in
enclosed by an iron fence, on the outside of
is
The
are wide streets and beautiful buildings.
the malls and
smooth;
it,
is
about a mile.
can never be appropriated
to
around
distance
This plot of ground
is
any other than
so held
its
pres-
ent healthful and pleasing purposes.
The
foundation of a large
laid in 1837,
by
and splendid
Botanic GardejV was
the subscription of funds for that purpose.
It is located
on the city lands, on the west side of the Common. This will be a
great ornament to the city, and an honor to the taste and judgment of its
projectors.
Finances.
The
public debt of the city of Boston on the 1st of
$1,497,200.
The
1836, to 30th
April,
May,
1837, was
receipts, during the financial year, from the 30th of
April,
1837,
was $926,350— the expenditures,
Besides the public property in public buildings, city and other
$904,065.
wharves, &c. &c., both improved
for city purposes,
and rented, the city
has about 7,000,000 square feet of land on the Neck, exclusive of
streets,
public squares, and malls, and a very large property in other lands in
various parts of the city, which are rapidly increasing in value.
amount of
this property
cannot be stated, but
it is
ceed the city debt, exclusive of that part which
known
is
The
greatly to ex-
wanted
for the uses
of the city.
Commerce.
The
citizens of Boston
mercial enterprise.
have ever sustained a high rank
for their
com-
After whitening every sea with their canvass, and
extending their commerce with
all
nations of the globe, they are
now
westward and northward, and constructing new and artificial
channels, to enable them not only to compete with other Atlantic cities
for the already immense commerce of the western world, but to intercept it on its passage down the St. Lawrence.
The number of vessels entered at this port the year ending September
30, 1837, was 1,544— tonnage, 242,277 tons— crews, 11,503 :— cleared,
1,367, tonnage, 184,373 tons
crews, 9,177. The registered, enrolled and
licensed tonnage of this port, the same year, was 201,005 tons. A large
amount of tonnage, owned at Boston, is registered at southern ports.
looking
—
�NEW ENGLAND
GAZETTEER.
Commercial Accommodations.
There
probably no place in the world better accommodated for
commercial operations than Boston. The whole length of
the harbor on the
east and north is lined with about 200 docks
and wharves.
few of
them only can be noticed,
is
A
India Wharf, at the foot of Fort Hill, was constructed in
1805.
It
extends into the harbor 980 feet, and is 246 to 2S0 feet
in width.
In the
centre is a range of 39 stores, 22 by 80, and 4 stories
in height.
Central Wliarf, between India and Long wharves, was built
in 1816.
.54 ware-houses, 23 by 50, 4 stories high.
It is 1,379
feet in length, and 150 in width.
Over a spacious hall in the centre of
this range of stores, is one of the best
observatories in the United States.
In the centre are
North of
this is
Long Wharf,
at the foot of State street,
commenced
in 1710.
This wharf extends into the harbor 1,800 feet, is 200
feet in
width, and has 76 spacious ware-houses. About
(he centre of th s wh-.rf
IS a well of fresh water, 90 feet in
depth.
Passing the City wharf on the north, we come
to
Commercial Wliarf
1,100 feet in length, and 160 in width.
On the centre of this wharf is
a range of 34 granite ware-houses, 25 by 60
feet, and are unequalleJ by
any thing of the kind in the United States for
convenience
or grandeur
Cost, $500,000.
On the west, and in front of this tier of wharves,
which run into the
harbor nearly parallel to each other, are
India and
Commercial
streets,
having the east end of Faneuil Hall Market
nearly in the centre. These
streets are wide; they serve as wharves,
and their west sides are covered with large and convenient stores. It
is contemplated to extend India
street, on the south, to the Free Bridge
on Sea street; and Commercial
street, on the north, to Winnesimet
Ferry.
(See Hale's Map of Boston.)
The Marine Raihoays,
city, afford great
established in
accommodations
new and splendid Custom House
Long and
is
1820, at the north part of the
to those
now
A
engaged in navigation
erecting on India street, between
An Exchange, for the accommodation of
City Hall, are contemplated.
Central wharves.
merchants, and a
new
Manufactures.
Although Boston has never been
considered a manufacturino-
city
yet, since the general peace in
Europe, in 1515, and the passage of the*
present tariff laws, in 1833, its
manufacturing interests have considerably
•'
increased.
The
following are
the manufactures of Boston
for the year ending
1837, with the value of each, the
number of hands employed!
and the amount of capital invested,
so far as can be ascertained.
It may be proper to observe,
that the following account is
doubtless
April
1,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
accurate, as far
it
extends, but
chusetts the whole amount
it is
known
that in
some towns in Massabeen stated by
of their manufactures has not
the assessors.
I
Value.
ARTICLES.
$102,641
228,000
Boots and Shoes,
Leather,
Hats,
Iron Castings,
Combs,
Tin Ware,
194,673
372,000
7,500
48,000
148,100
41,000
112,032
Spirits,
926,8.56
Axes,
Glass,
Chairs and Cabinet Ware,
Straw Bonnets,
Vessels, (average for 5 years,)
Axletrees,
Beer,
Soap and Candles,
Whale
Oil,
Copper and Brass,
Organs and Piano-fortes,
Brushes,
Gold and Silver Leaf,
Carriages and Harnesses,
Refined Sugar,
Silver Ware and Jewelry,
Chain Cables,
Umbrellas,
Saddles, Trunks and Whips,
Granite, Marble, &c.
Machinery,
Blank Books and Stationary,
Gas,
Looking Glasses and Frames,
Lasts,
Neck
Stocks, &c.
Types and Stereotypes,
Printed Books,
Clothing,
Hard Ware,
Baskets, &c.
Totals,
Hands employed
iMales-lFemales.
304
50
95
289
8
77
164
25
116
19
Capital Invested.
55
$60,000
68
665,000
2,000
47,000
16
121,000
438
182,450
124,400
10,000
12,000
93,000
135,000
756,754
302,700
93,000
43,000
318,805
976,454
228,100
60,000
65,000
177,000
336,000
326,000
78,000
100,000
147.500
40,000
122,000
157,000
925,000
1,887,666
40,000
93,000
200
220
79
22
298
92
88
20
37
120
400
287
43
40
42
29
$10,010,631
4,655
17
6
8
29
16
21
185
500
542
29
138
59
14
26
17
435
30
400
2402
6,000
30,000
125,000
100,000
316,300
163,500
38,000
11,200
82,200
303,653
111,050
75,000
36,500
83,000
165,500
183,775
49,000
375,000
55,600
18,000
58,200
140,000
850,000
769,094
18,000
38,000
•
3,967
Fisheries.
The
city of Boston
is
so limited, in regard to territory, as to
be exclud-
Much capied, in a great measure, from participating in the fisheries.
ports, in this imis, however, invested, at the out
tal of the Bostonians
During
portant branch of the resources of the wealth of New England.
5*
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the year ending April
1, 1837, there were belonging to this city
four vesengaged in the whale fishery, and 152 in the cod
and mackerel fisheries, employing 1,919 hands.
Total tonnage, 11,253
sels
tons.
ceeds, $824,898.
Total pro-
its bills
of mortality,
Capital employed, $748,200.
Health.
To judge
of the health of a city
we must compare
for a series of years,
with those of some other city. We have ever
believed
that the climate of Boston, and of New
England generally, was as conductive to health as any portion of our country;
but having heard it
often asserted that the climate of Boston
was more favorable to some
diseases, particularly those of a pulmonary
character, or what is commonly called consumption, than that of our sister
city New York, we
have examined with great care the authenticated
bills
each city
of mortality of
for five successive years,
(1830— 1834, inclusive.) The population of Boston, in 1830, was
61,391— of New York, 202,589— a fraction less than 3 1-3 in New York to 1 in
Boston. From 1820 to 1830, the
average increase of the population of Boston was
a fraction less thin 4
annum— that of New York a fraction less than 6 1-3 per
cent, per annum.
The aggregate number of deaths in Boston during
per cent, per
those
five years,
New
m
York
Boston,
was 7,340-New York, 35,087 :-a
to 1 in
fraction
more than 4 2-3
in
Boston. In that period, the aggregate
by consumption, was 1,128— in
New York to 1 in Boston.
than 5 1-3 in
New
number of deaths
York 6,124 :— more
Fires.
common with all large towns which are chiefly
built
suffered very much by fire.
Fifty years ago the buildings
Boston, in
wood, has
of
in
the town were principally of that material;
but by efficient measures
adopted by the citizens, particularly the law
of 1803, prohibiting the construction of wooden buildings of a greater
height than 10 feet, a large portion of the old buildings have been
taken down, and their places
with
thousands of others on new sites, now present
to that destructive element
solid walls of brick and stone.
few of the most memorable fires are
here given. In October 1711, a fire broke
out in Williams' Court and
destroyed most of the buildings on both
sides of Cornhill, now Washing.
ton street, from School street to Market
square.
On the 20th of March
1760, 174 dwelling-houses, 175 warehouses,
shops, &c. were burnt
This fire was in the centre of the town,
(Cornhill,
A
State and Congress
and the amount of property consumed,
was estimated
at £100,000 sterling.
April 24, 1787, a fire commenced in
Beach street
and extending south, destroyed about
60 dwelling-houses, 40 other buildings, and the church in Hollis street.
July 30, 1794. Seven rope-walks
between Pearl and Atkinson streets, and
about 90 other
streets to Fort Hill,)
buildings in that
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Loss estimated at more than $200,000.
On the 3d of November, 1818, the Boston Exchange Coffee-House,
This building covered 12,fire.
in Congress-square, was destroyed by
high, and from the floor to the top of
753 feet of land. It was 7 stories
apartments, and cost about half
the dome was 83 feet. It contained 210
The conflagration occurred in the evening, and the
dollars.
neighborhood were destroyed.
a million of
was awfully sublime.
sight
almost a gale,)
the 7th of July, 1824, at noon, (the wind blowing
Charles and Chesnut
15 costly dwelling-houses were burnt, on Beacon,
On
streets.
commenced on Doane street, April 7th, 1824,
ware-houses, in that part of the city, with a great amount
53 large
A very destructive fire
when
of merchandize,
were destroyed.
of buildings, containing about 35 lawyers' offices, and 20
1825.
stores and shops, on Court street, were burnt, Nov. 10,
inclusive, there were 226 fires^—the
years, 1830—1834,
A
number
During five
was
amount of property destroyed was $274,278 :— of which $140,943
In that year 71 fires
The most destructive fires were in 1833.
insured.
occurred, $89,970 value of property was destroyed, of which $57,040
was insured.
The present Fire Department was organized
in 1826.
It is
always in
to this dethe most perfect state of preparation for service. Attached
By the most powerful
are 24 engines, and 16,000 feet of hose.
partment
thrown over the
of these engines, with 250 feet of hose, water can be
grasshopper, on the cupola of Faneuil Hall, 84 feet above the pavement
Water.
The
subject of pure water
for all
the various uses of
life
has ever been
one of the first and most important considerations with settlers in all counfor comIt frequently happens that those places most suitable
tries.
ready acquirement of that indispensable element consequently the ingenuity and skill of man have devised
and executed those stupendous aqueducts, and tanks or reservoirs, both in
ancient and modern times, which have made some of the most desolate
merce are the
least favorable to the
;
parts of the globe the greatest marts of trade and most splendid cities.
Governor Winthrop and his associates located themselves at Charlestown,
and would have continued there had not the waters of Shawmut been
more agreable to their tastes. Their change of situation, on that account,
is
no compliment
town
influenced them
**
to their
chemical knowledge,
are decidedly the best.
;
for
for the
waters of Charles-
Possibly " the magic of a name'* might have
Shawmut,
in the Indian language,
is
said to
mean
springs of living waters."
The
city council, in 1834, took the long neglected subject of introduc
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ing
soft
and pure water in+o the
city, into consideration.
By
analyses of
the waters of Boston, one of the best wells in the city was found to contain
3.6 grains of the salts of sulphate of lime, muriate of soda and muriate of
on the side of a
above
An
The well is 30 feet deep, and is situate high
Some wells were found to contain 7.5 grains of the
pound of water.
lime, to the
hill.
and many others a
salts,
much
greater quantity of noxious matter.
were 2,767 w.ells in
which number 2,085 were drinkable, and 682 bad and that
only 7 of the whole number were occasionally used for washing. The
engineer also stated that " all the dug or Artesian wells of Boston, are
in strata of different materials in very irregular position, so that whatever
may be the success in making one well, no certain result can be predicaThe wells in
ted upon another trial at a short distance from the tirst.
town are polluted by the dirty water at the surface being absorbed, setor are adulterated by mixture
tling and mingling with the veins below
able engineer stated that in October 1834, there
the city
of
;
;
;
with
little
streams of sea-water."
The Boston Aqueduct
commenced
Corporation
operations for convey-
ing water into the city from Jamaica pond, in Roxbury, in 1795.
distance from Boston to the pond
logs laid in the city
is
is
four miles, and the
72,000, or about 18 miles.
The
number
The
of feet of
greatest quantity
of water that can be supplied from this source
is
50,000 gallons daily, and
can be raised in the city
is
49 feet above tide-water.
the greatest height
According
to
it
the estimates of the quantity of water used in
London and
Philadelphia, about 28 gallons daily would be required for every person
This includes
in the city.
that is
all
ing streets, the extinguishment of
The
purposes.
is
therefore about 2,500,000
;
dollars.
in Natick, 16 miles
with
soft
all
other
;
Spot pond in Stoneham, 8
Charlestown and Medford, 7 miles
in
;
or the waters of Charles river, taken at
would almost inundate the misnamed
at an expense of about a million of
city,
and pure water,
by her incomparable water works, has added a
name New York is following her noble example,
Philadelphia,
lustre to her bright
;
by bringing the Croton
expense of
river,
45 miles,
five millions of dollars
main insensible
its
gallons, daily.
Mystic pond
Watertown, 7 miles from the
Shawmut
for stables, wash.-
manufacturing, and
quantity of water necessary for the present population
miles from the city
Long pond,
commonly used
fires, for
;
to
the
centre of the city, at an
and Boston cannot
much
longer re-
of the value of pure water, to the health and comfort of
people.
Antiquities.
Boston was described by Johnson in his " Wonder Working Provi-
dence," about the year 1663, in the following words
" Invironed
it is
with brinish
floods,
:
saving one small Istmos, which
�NEW ENGLAND
GAZETTEER.
gives free access to the neighboring towns by land, on the south side, on
northwest and northeast.
the
Two
The form
of this
constant fairs
are kept for daily
town is like a heart, naturally sithaving two hills on the fi-ontier part there jt next
uated for fortifications,
the sea, the one well fortified on the superficies thereof, with store of
tralique thereunto.
great artillery well mounted.
The
other hath a very strong battery built
of whole timber, and filled with earth
;
at the
descent of the
extreme poyut thereof betwixt these two strong arms
on which the chief part of
jiill
this
town
is
built,
hill, in
the
a cove or bay,
overtopped with a third
these like overtopping towers, keep a constant watch to see the
all
;
lies
approach of foreign dangers, being furnished with a beacon and loud
babbling guns
to
give notice by their redoubled echo
The chief
towns.
edifice of this city-like
town
and large, some
fairly set forth
with brick
all
the sister
crowded on the sea-
;
the buildings beau-
tile,
stone and slate, and
hanks, and wharfed out with great labour and cost
tiful
to
is
orderly placed with semely streets, whose continual enlargement pre-
But now behold the admirable
sageth some sumptuous city.
Christ, at this his people's landing
were such
all
;
up their young from the- eyes of
where the streets are full of girls and
that wolves and bears nurst
beholders, in those very places
boys, sporting up and
down with continued concourse
store of shipping is here yearly built,
town
here
is
acts of
the hideous thickets in this place
and some very
of people.
fair
ones.
the very mart of the land; Dutch, French, and Portugal Is
Good
This
come
to trafique."
Present condition of Boston.
Perhaps at no period since the settlement of Boston has its prosperity
been so flattering as for the last seven years. It is true that Boston increased in population and wealth with great rapidity during the wars in
Europe, from 1794
gent
;
it
to 1807.
But that growth was unnatural and contindepended solely on the caprice of the belligerent powers, who
viewed us rather
The
peace.
as servants to their necessities, than
present state of things
We
is
altogether diiFerent.
with respect.
The world
is at
look for no besieged city to supply with bread, neither do
we
seek to run the gauntlet of a blockading squadron to furnish a starving
country with the growth and produce of its own colonies. We now rely
—
on our own resources agriculture, manufactures, the fisheries, and commerce with all nations with whom we can exchange our commodities at
fair prices.
So long as we are blessed with union, good schools, good
laws, and with all those moral, religious and charitable institutions, which
make mankind wiser and better, our city, under Providence, will
continue on in the forward path to prosperity and happiness.
tend to
The
location of Boston always
gave
it
the
command
of a greater coast-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ing trade than any other port in the United States
;
but the great arteries
to an immense, wide-spread and rapidly increasing interior commerce
were never opened
until the rail-roads to the north, the west, the south,
and the east were constructed and in operation. By thesQ devices of human wisdom, and by the continuance of the two former crossing the wa-
—
ters of our
own Connecticut
tre of a large
and
to the
noble Hudson, and piercing the cen-
great western
Lawrence, Boston, with its enterprize and
country, to the outlet of the
fertile
oceans on the banks of the
St.
wealth, located 160 miles nearer the British capital than
not
any
fail
New
York, can-
of sustaining a fair and successful competition for this trade with
American
city on the
continent.
Motto of the City.
Sicut patj'ibus sit
Deus
nobis.
As God was with our fathers,
WITH
Bow,
Merrimack
ar.
co.,
H.,
now
poi'tion
originally
compre-
of the ter-
Pembroke
bounded N. E.
by Merrimack river, which divides
it from Pembroke, S. E. by
Hooksett, S. W. by Dunbarton, N. W.
by Concord and a part of Hopkinton.
The soil is very uneven and
ritory
constituting
and Concord.
hard, but
It is
productive
may he
be
US.
Samuel Welch,
was
laid out nine miles square,
hending a great
so
when
well
the oldest native
died in
Bow on the 5th of April, 1823, at
the age of 113 years.
He was born
at Kingston, Sept. 1st, 1710, where
he spent the early part of his life
he lived subsequently a while at
Pembroke ; but for 50 years preceding his death he resided at Bow,
in an obscure corner, and steadily
cultivated his little farm, till the
frosts of a century had whitened
his locks, and the chills of a huncitizen of
New Hampshire,
managed.
There is but one pond
of any size, called Turee pond. dred winters had benumbed his
Turkey river empties into the Mer- frame. His life was marked by no
rimack at Turkey falls, near the N. extraordinary vicissitude he was
E. part of Bow. About a mile be- never in battle, or in any public
low are Garven's falls, now passable service he was a man of industry
—
;
locks on Bow side.
Bow canal
is
situated on the Merrimack, 3
miles below Concord ; the perpendicular measurement around which
it is carried is 25 feet
its length
1-3 of a mile.
It passes through
a ledge of granite, and is for the
most part imperishable.
Its cost
was $13,860 ; and about $2,000 of
its first income were appropriated
towards clearing channels through
Turkey falls, &c. Pop. 1830, 1,065.
by
—
and temperance.
Bowbacic Mountain.
See Stratford, JV. H.
BoTvdoin, Me.
Lincoln co.
This agricultural
township is bounded on the S. E.
by Bowdoinham, and S. by Tops-
ham. It was incorporated in 1788,
and lies 17 miles W. from Wiscasset, 37 N. N. E. from Portland, and
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
20
W. from Augusta.
S. S.
Popu-
lation, 1837, 2,173.
BoAvdoiuliam, Me.
A
Lincoln co.
pleasant town
on the west side of Kennebec river,
Here is
and north of Topsham.
considerable business in the lumber trade and ship building. Twenty miles S. by W. from Augusta,
Population,
and 12 N. from Bath.
Incorporated, 1762.
1837, 2,218.
on which
are two pleasant and
flourishing villages, Bozrahville
and Fitchville, at both of which
are manufactories for cotton.
This town experienced a terrible
hail storm on the 15th of July, 1799,
by w^hich much property was lost
and many cattle injured. The hail
fell in immense quantities, someparticles of which measured six
inches in circumference. Population, 1830, 1,073.
Boxborougli, Mass.
Middlesex
Incorporated, 1783.
Population, 1837, 433. Some shoe-s,
palm-leaf hats and straw bonnets
co.
are manufactured in this town, and
large quantities of hops are grown.
It lies 25 miles N. W. by W. from
Boston, and 9 W. by N. from ConGood lime-stone is found
cord.
here.
Boxford, Mass.
This town lies 28
CO.
N. from Boston, 13 S. W.
from Newburyport, and 10 W. by
N. from Ipswich.
The annual
amount of manufactures of cotton
Essex
miles
wicking, boots, shoes and ploughs
is about
Population,
$100,000.
1837, 964.
Incoi-porated, 1685.
Boylstoii, Mass.
Worcester co. Incorporated, 1786.
Population, 1837,821.
It lies 40
miles W. from Boston, and 8 N. by
E. from Worcester.
Boylston is
watered by Nashua river, and has
iron ore and a ledge of crystalized
Fr-re are some manufacquartz.
tures of c .nbs, palm-leaf hats,
boots and shoes ;
several ponds
—
and
fine fish.
Bozrali, Ct.
New London co.
This town was
taken from Norwich in 1786. It
was formerly called New Concord.
It lies 33 miles E. S. E. from Hartford, and 5 W. from Norwich. The
soil is a gravelly loam, rich and fertile.
It is watered by Yantic river,
Bradford, Me.
Penobscot co.
This town lies
87 miles from Augusta. 4,944 bushels of wheat was raised here in
1837, with a population of 770.
See Barnard, Me.
Bradford, N. H.
Merrimack co. Situated about midway between the Merrimack and
Connecticut rivers, bounded N. by
Newbury and Sutton, E. by Warner,
S. by Henniker and Hillsborough,
W. by W^ashington \i 31 miles from
Amherst, 25 from Concord, and 80
from Boston. This town is watered
by small streams, which principally
issue from ponds,
of which the
;
—
Todd's pond, lying in
Bradford and Newbury. This pond
is supplied with water from the
hills and mountains in Newbury.
In it are a number of floating
largest
islands,
is
which
are
deemed
objects
forms the
northern branch of Vrarner river.
Pleasant, or Bradford pond, is on
the E. side of the town.
It is about
550 rods long and 150 wide.
It
communicates with Warner river
by an outlet at the N. end of it.
In this pond are several islands,
which, with the rugged declivities
on the E. bank, the waters below,
and the cottages and cultivated
fields on the west bank, present to
view, in the summer season, a wild
Many
and variegated landscape.
parts of Bradford are hilly. A large
proportion of the town, however,
lies in a valley, about thr»o dalles
of curiosity.
Its outlet
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
in width.
Near
moun-
the Sunapee
on the N. W.,is an extensive
plain, more than a mile long and
The soil
about half a mile wide.
tains,
differs in quality.
It is light,
loamy
In the easterly part are
Bradford
valuable stone quarries.
was granted to John Peirce and
or rough.
This town lies
28 miles N. from Boston, 10 W. S.
W. from Newburyport, 18 N. by W.
from Salem, and about IS miles N.
branch of the
E. from Lowell.
Boston and Lowell rail-road passes
through Bradford to Haverhill.
ulation, 1837, 2275.
A
Bradley, Me.
George
Its first
Jaffrey, in 1765.
settlement was made in 1771, by
Dea. William Presbury and his
They were soon followed
family.
by several inhabitants from Bradford in Mass., from which circumIt was
stance it derived its name.
incorporated Sept. 27, 1787, and is
mentioned in the act as including
New Bradford, Washington Gore,
and part of Washington.
Popula-
tion in 1S30, 1,285.
Bradford, Vt.
This town lies on
the W. side of Connecticut river,
25 miles S. E. from Monrpelier, 7
S. from Newbury, and 15 E. N. E.
from Chelsea.
Population, 1830,
1,507.
Bradford is a pleasant farming town, of good soil, and is well
watered by Wait's river.
About
4,500 sheep.
Orange
CO.
This
town on the south
is
a very pleasant
side of
Merrimack
and united to Haverhill by a
bridge of 650 feet in length. The
surface of the town is uneven and
the soil various
but much of the
land is of a superior quality.
Sevriver,
;
of the hills exhibit beautiful
scenery.
Bradford is celebrated for
its excellent schools and seminaries
of learning. Here are several ponds,
good fishing, and a pleasant stream
of water.
Some bricks are made
here, and considerable leather tanned but the principal manufacture
of the place is of boots and shoes, of
which, during the year ending April
1, 1837, the value of $381,748 was
made. Total amount of manufactures
that year,$394,448. Hands employed, 1,096. Incorporated, 1G75. Poperal
;
co. First settled, 1796.
Incorporated, 1835.
Population,
See Barnard, Me.
1837, 338.
Bradleyvale, Vt.,
An
unincorporated township in
Caledonia county, chartered in 1791,
containing about 4000 acres. Moose
river passes through it. It is bounded on the west by Kirby.
Most of
the land is on a mountain. It never
had more than 21 inhabitants.
Braiutree, Vt.
co.
Bradford, Mass.
Essex
Penobscot
Orange co. This is a good farming town, and produces considerable
butter, cheese, beef and pork.
It
lies 21 miles S. from Montpelier,
and 14 W. by S. from Chelsea. Population, 1830, 1209.
Branches of
White river pass through the town.
Braiutree, Mass.
Norfolk CO. This town formerly
included Quincy and Randolph, and
was first called Mount Wollaston.
It is celebrated for the antiquity of
its settlement, (1625)
and for the
eminent men it has produced, both
in church and state.
The surface
of the town is variegated by hill
and dale, presenting many delightful views of Boston, its harbor and
the adjacent country.
The soil is
a strong gravelly loam, and very
Excellent
productive.
granite
abounds here, of which large quanannually quarried and
tities are
transported
and some of the best
;
merchant ships are built of native
white oak and cedar.
The
holley
tree (Ilex aquifolium) is indigenous.
Indications of coal have been so
strong as to warrant an attempt at
mining.
The
Manatiquot river,
�NEV/
ENGLAND GAZETTEEH.
after
ia Randolph,
meanderino- through this town and
and
receivins; the waters of Great
ponds, meets the tide waters
Little
which
Braiiford, Ct.
rises
landof Boston harbor, at Braintrec
11
ia^, on Wevaiouth Fore river,
Bonon. At this place
miles from
there is considerable trade in lumber and bread stuffs, and some navigation is employed in the coasting
New Haven
New
by E. from Boston, and 12
from Dedham.
1,752
;
Population,
islands
and
The town
in the fishery.
in 1644.
Population,
beautiful pond,
1S30, 2,332.
called Saltonstall's lake, lies between Branford and East Haven.
wa's
settled
A
Brattletooroiigli, Vt.
Vrindham
co.
This town
is situ-
ated in the southeasterly quarter of
is bounded
the state and county
by Connecticut river, S. by VerE.
non and Guilford, W. by aMarlboro',
;
and N. by Dummerston.
town
At the
section of the town is the
military
site of the once famous
Fort Dummer, nothing of
post,
which is now retained but the
N. E.
excellent mill site- ; some of which
and are
lie near ship navigation,
Brain+ree was invaluable.
very
It lies 10 miles
corporated in 1640.
S.
Haven. Thimble
gaged
endin:? April 1, 1837, amounted to
$371,987. The value of boots and
shoes amounted to $202,333, and
gave emplovment to 830 persons.
affords this
An uneven
Indian islands lie within the limits
Here are fish of vaof the town.
rious kinds, a small stream of waenter, a harbor, and some vessels
The manufactrade and tisheries.
tures of Braintree consist of boots,
shoes, cotton and woolen goods, paper, leather, .nails, axes, cotton
ginns, chocolate, carriages, granv/are, and
ite, straw bonnets, tin
The value of these artivessels.
cles of manufacture, for the year
The Manatiquot
co.
township, of strong soil, on Long
Island Sound, about 7 miles E. from
At
name, Dummer Meadows.
the mouth of Whetstone brook is a
commodious landing place for river
E.
1830,
S.
1S37, 2,237.
Brattleborough is connected
with Hinsdale and Chesterfield by
a handsome covered bridge, spanning the Connecticut, and terminatthe
ino-"at its western abutment in
craft.
Bran tl on, Vt.
This
is
town
a flourishing
in Rut-
land county, 40 miles S. W. from
Montpelier, IS N. by W. from Rutland, and 16 S. from Middlebury.
and orIt was first settled in 1775,
ganized in 17S4. Populauon,1330,
linely watered
by Otter creek. Mill river, and
Spring pond ; on which streams are
l,9iO.
Brandon
is
good mill seats. Some of the land
soil, but
is level, with rather a light
that on Otter creek is the best alluBog iron ore, of an excellent
vial.
quality, is found here copperas and
;
marble are also found. There are
two curious caverns in this town.
The largest contains two apartments, each from 16 to 20 feet
It is entered by descendsquare.
ing from the surface about 20 feet.
They are formed of limestone.
1
I
I
the
east village, where the north,
south, the east, and the west lines
The
of mail stages concentrate.
town and vicinity are noticed for
salubrious air, pure water,
and fine mountain scenery. It is
watered on the east by the Connecticut, and is intersected by West
river. Whetstone brook, and nume-
their
rous smaller streams.
There are
water power on tho
larger streams, unoccupied, and in-
many
sites for
The east vilvitfng to enterprize.
lage is the general business mart
Of its
for the surrounding towns.
own internal business and industry,
one instance is given of many of
"The Brattleboro*
less amount.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Typof^ranhic Co." was incorporated
Capital, $150,000.
Oct. 2J, "1338.
Tlie Company is extensively cngao-e<i in the manufactare of paper
and books. Their paper mill is furnished with the bast machinery,
and is capable of turning out from
40 to 50 reams of the largest printing paper, or from 150 to 200 reams
of letter paper per day.
Their
printing oliice contains eight power
prer.sc3.
There are employed in
the estalilishment from (iO to 70
male and female operatives.
So
great are their facilities, that they
have taken rags and manufactured
them into paper, and printed it, on
the same day.
Probably there i? no
esta!)li3hment in the count.-y which
combines so many facilities for carrying on the book business as this.
The Company publish a variety of
bibles and other valuable works.
The value of business done at this
estaMi.:hment, in 1S36, is stated to
Kingston. The soil is better adapted to grass than grain, although
some
made
none
in
to its size,
is
second
have been
Exeter river
qualities.
its
passes nearly through the centre
of the town, and there are other
streams of less magnitude connect-
Pick-pocket falls, on
town, and
near them are situated an extensive cotton factory, and a number
of mills.
card i'acory has been
established here, which promises
to be of great utility
and also an
iron furnace for casting machinery.
ing with
Exeter
it.
river, are in this
A
;
Quantities of iron ore have been
found, and it was formerly worked
with success.
Vitriol, combined
in masses with sulphur, has also
been found here, lirentwood was
incorporated June 2G, 1742.
Population, in 1830, S91.
Erewcr, Me.
Penobscot co. Brewer lies on
the Penobscot river, opposite to the
city of Bangor.
It was taken from
have amounted to .|;.500,000.
It i< presumed that this village,
according
improvements
in
Orin2;ton in
1337, 1,622.
to
the state foi- business or
The surface of the town
1812.
Population, in
It is
watered by the
diversified by hills, vales, and
plains ; is of good soil, and generally well improved.
It is 12 miles
Segeunkedunk, on which are mills
Considerable
of various kinds.
quantities of lumber, hay, potatoes,
tanners' bark and wood, are annu-
S. E. from Newfane, 96 S. from
Montpelier, 90 W. of Boston, and
16 E. N. E. from Albany. Popu-
town was named in compliment to
Col. Jolin Brewer, one of the first
wealth.
is
lation, 1320,
2,017— 1S30',
ISremeii,
ally exported from this town.
2,141.
Worcester,
M.ass.
privileges at this
place are equal to those at Bangor.
settlers,
The navigable
Me.
Lincoln co. This town was formerly a part of Bristol. It is bounded N. by Nobleborough, west by
Bristol, south by Pemmaquid point
in Bi-i<tol, and east by Muscongu?
Erewster, Mass.
island in Muscongus bay.
It lies
iabout -40 miles S. E. fvam Augusta,
and 15 E. S. E. from Wiscasselt, and
possesses great navioable privileges.
Population, 1837, 773.
Brentwood, N, H.
Rockingham co. Brentwood is
bounded E. by Exeter, N. by Eppiiig, W. by Poplin, and S. by
from
The
i
Barnst.'ble co.
This town was
the Indian Saivkatucket.
It was
taken from Harwich, in 1830, and
took its name from Elder,Brewster,
one of the first settlers of Plymouth ; a man of great learning and
piety, who died, 1044.
In common with all the towns on Cape
Cod, a large number of ship-masters, sailing to foreign ports, belong
here.
From three ponds in this
town, coverin,"; about 1,000 acres, a
aever-ioiling stream of water is pro-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
of which a very large amount is annually made and transported.
rail-road from this place is in contemplation, to pass up the Housatonick river, and meet the Boston
and Albany rail-road at West StockThe populatioa
bridge, in" Mass.
of the borough of Bridgeport, in
The present pop1830, was 1,800.
ulation of the city exceeds 4,000.
E.
Bridgeport lies 62 miles N.
York, 17 S. W. from
from
Haven, and 4 E. by N. from
The distance from this
Fairfield.
place to Setauket, on Long l^land,
across the Sound, is about IS miles.
duced; on which are a cotton mill,
carding inili, luacliino sliop and othThe value of the
er small mill?.
manuf.ictures of cotton gooils, boot's,
A
shoes, leather, axes, chairj, cabinet
and tin warej, laiupblack, Ep>om
and
common
salt>,
amounted,
in
one
Product of the
year, to $52,072.
cod and mackerel fishery, $9,050.
Brewster lies on the north side of
the Cape, IG miles E. by N. from
E;irnstable, and G
New
N. N. W. from
New
Population, 1S37, 1,534.
are about 1,000 sheep.
Chatham.
Here
Bridgeport, Ct.
The town of Bridgewas formerly a part of Stratford, and was incorporr ud by its
it contains
present name in 1821.
Fairfield co.
Ericl^^ctou, Die.,
port
Cumberland
co.,
is
pleasantly-
situated on the border of Long pond,
and near the head of navigation to
about 10 square miles, of a strong
and fertile soil, under excellent culThat part of Bridgeport
tivation.
Portland, by the Cumberiand and
The distance fio-m
canal.
this place to Portland, by navigable
The toil
waters, is about 50 miles.
of Bridgeton is good, and produced
in 1837 4,000 bushels of wheat.
Its location affords it great fnoiliMes
Oxford
the city now stands was
called the village of Newfield, until 1800, when it was incorporated
as a borough by its present name.
In 183() it became a city. This is
one of those beautiful and flourishEngland, the
ing places in
where
for
inland
trade.
Long
poi;d
is
about 10 miles in length and 1 in
It empties into Crooked
breadth.
New
pride of Yankees and the admiraIt is located on
tion of strangers.
an elevated plain, on the west side
of an arm of Long Island Sound,
which passes into Scbago
This town lies 74 miles S.
W. by W. from Augusta, and 40
N. W, from Portland, by the road.
river,
pond.
and commands extended views oi
Long Island and the surrounding
country. The city is built in a style
of great neatness and some elegance. The harbor is safe, but the
naviijation for large vessels is impeded by a bar at its mouth, of
about 13 feet draught of water at
large business is
high tides.
done here in the coasting trade
son\e in foreign commerce, and
some in the whale and other fish-
A
;
Population, 1837, 1,863.
Eridge^vater, N. H.
Originally part of
Grafion co.
New Chester; now Hill, wa-< incorIt is bounded N.
porated, 1738.
by Plynjouth and Hebron, on the E.
by Pen.igewa-^set river, dividing it
from part of Holderness and New
Hampton, on
the S. by
(he W. by
which separates
on
Bri'ii^tol,
and
Newfound pond,
it from Alexandria.
watered by the
some water The soil is well adapted to grazPequanork, affording
There is a commodious ing, and few townships in this vipower.
in this respect.
bridge across the harbor, 412 yards cinity exceed it
Mayhew turnpike pa-ses
for the The
in length, with a draw
This is an im- throujrh the W. part, near Newpassa2;e of vessels.
manufacturing city, par- found pond, and the main road from
portant
Plymouth through the
ticularly of saddlery and carriages. Concord to
eries.
The
city
is
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
E.
part near
The
first
Pemigewasset
settlement wo.s
river.
made
in
1763, by Thomas Crawford, Esq.,
the tract comprised the whole
of Nev/ Ciiester, Bridgewater, and
Bristol.
Population, in 1S30, 783.
when
Bridgewater, Vt.
Windsor co. This town is bounded E. by Vfoodstock, and lies 45
miles S. from Montpelier, 17 N.
W. from Windsor, and 60 N. E.
from Bennias-ton. Population, 1820,
1,125; 1830; 2,320.
The settlement of the town commenced in
1780.
In 1785 the town was organized.
There are many good
mill seats in this town, on Waterqueechy river, and considerable
fine intervale lies on the borders of
that stream.
The high lands are
good, and produce valuable crops.
It feeds about 6,000 sheep.
Here
are found iron ore, garnets, rock
mica slate, gneiss, limestone, quartz, and excellent soapstone.
In 1822, a living frog was
crystal,
taken from 26 feet below the surface of the ground, about 30 rods
from the river. ^
Bridge^vater, Mass.
Plymouth co.
was formerly very
This township
large.
It is
now
divided into four distinct towns.
Not content with attaching the cardinal points of the compass to the
names of three divisions of this
ancient and respectable town, this
remnant of the old territory is often
improperly called South Bridgewater.
The Indian name of thi^ township was JWmketest.
Bridgewater contains some very good land,
and is well watered by branches of
Taunton river.
It lies 27 miles S.
by E. from Boston, 20 S. S. W.
from Plymouth, and 17 S. from
Weymouth
landing.
Population,
This
1,855; 1837, 2,092.
town was first settled in 1651, and
incorporated in 1656.
The settlements were nearly all destroyed by
1830,
the Indians, in 1676.
Manufactur
ing operations commenced here at
an early period.
Hugh Orr, an
eminent Scotchman, carried on the
manufacture of cannon and small
arms duj-ing the revolutionary war.
The present manufactures consist
of boots, shoes, hats, paper, anchors,
bar iron (from native ore,) iron
castings, nails, tacks, axes,
cotton
ginns, straw bonnets, &c.
The
va^ue of these manufactures, in
one year, amounted to about $250,000, and gave employment to 400
hands.
Bridport, Vt.
Addison
co.
Bridport
was
first
and organized as a
town in 1785. It is bounded on the
W. by lake Champlain, and is op-
settled
in 1768,
posite to
Crown
Point, in the state
New
York.
It is 12 miles W.
by S. from Middlebury, 37 S. from
Burlington, and 45 S. W. from
Montpelier. Population,1830, 1,774.
The surface is nearly level, with
a loamy soil and sandstone.
The
water is bad to the taste, and contains Epsom salts.
It has a harbor
on the lake, and the business of the
town is considerable.
Across the
lake to Crown Point is about 2
of
A
miles.
visit to the ruins of this
ancient fortress, so renowned in the
annals of the revolutionary war, and
elevated 47 feet above the level of
the lake, is a great treat to the
contemplative traveller, or the lo\'er
of splendid scenery.
From these
warlike ruins to those of Ticonderoga, is 15 miles, S.
BrigJiton, Me.
This town is situated in the
county of Somerset and boundIt was ined by Athens on the S.
corporated in 1316, and is 120 miles
N. N. \N. from Portland, 50 N.
from Augusta, and about 30 W.
from Dover.
Population, 1837,
798.
The same year it produced
5,203 bushels of wheat.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Brigliton, Vt.
tion, 1830, 105.
miles E.
by N. from
Springfield, 50
W. N. W. from Providence,
and 70 W. by S. from Boston.
See Barnard. Me.
A town in Essex county.
Popula-
ulation, 1837, 1,599.
Briglxtoii) Mass.
Middlesex co. This was formerly a part of Cambridge, and called
"
Little
Cambridge"
poration
until its incor-
It lies 5 miles
in 1807.
S. W. from Boston, 13 S. E. from
Concord, 35 E. from Worcester, 8
N. by E. from Dedham, and 15 N.
W. by N. from Weymouth landing.
Population, 1830, 972
1837, 1,337.
The western and northern bounda;
ries of this
Store do.
Sheep,
Swine,
13,685,
132,697,
19,639,
203,788,
1837.
Beef
154,564.
215,618.
70,971.
$1,419,143.
Value.
J\ro.
cattle,
Store do.
Sheep,
Swine,
32,664,
16,210,
110,206,
17,052,
$1,567,872.
486,480.
275,515.
119,364.
I.,
Pop-
First settled,
1714.
Incorporated, 1731. This is
a fine farming town, with a good
and is well watered by Chickopee and Quinebaugh rivers. The
articles manufactured in this town,
in one year, amounted to $105,262.
The manufactures consisted of cotsoil,
ton
goods,
boots,
shoes,
leather,
palm-leaf hats, chairs and cabinet
ware. The value of wool grown,
in one year, was $4,067.
town are washed by
Charles river. The soil is excellent and highly cultivated, and, in
common with all the towns in the
vicinity of Boston, Brighton has become the residence of many people of wealth and taste, who possess
beautiful country seats and splendid gardens.
Winship's garden
is noted throughout the country for
its nursery of fruit-trees and shrubbery, and for its grand display of
plants and flowers of every variety.
Brighton is the largest cattle market
in New England.
Monday is the
market day,when sellers and buyers
meet in throngs to traffic in live
stock, both for slaughter and domestic use.
The sales in 1830 and 1837
are here given.
1830.
JVo.
Value.
Beef cattle, 37,767,
$977,990.
R.
Bristol County-) Mass.
Taunton and JVew Bedford
the county towns.
The surface of
somewhat
level.
Its
this
county
are
is
broken, but generally
soil in many parts is of
an inferior quality. There are 12,468 sheep. Area, 600 square miles.
It has a maritime coast of considerable extent, audits people are extensively
engaged
The tonnage
in
of the
navigation.
two
districts
county (New Bedford and
Dighton) is 94,163 tons. This county gives rise to many important
streams that fall into Massachusetts
and Narraganset bays, and its water power is abundant in almost every town. It abounds in excellent
iron ore, and in no section of our
country, of its extent, are more extensive manufactures of that matein this
almost all the uses of man.
This county is bounded N. by Norfolk CO., E. by Plymouth co., S. E.
by Buzzard's bay, and W. by the
counties of Providence, Bristol,
and Newport, R. I. In king Philip's time this part of the country
rial, for
was called Pawcunnawcutt.
It
was incorporated in 1685. Population, in 1820,
40,908
1830, 49,474 ;
and in 1837, 58,152 97 inhabitants
to a square mile. Value of the manufactures, for the year ending April
1 1837, $7,929,479. Product of the
;
:
176,132,
$2,449,231.
,
Brimiieltl, Mass.
Hampden
co.
This town
6*
lied
19
fishery, $2,188,656.
The TauntoQ
and Pawtucket are its chief rivers.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Bristol County, R.
Bristol
is
I.
the chief town.
The
county in
New England, except the county
of Suffolk, in Massachusetts, belonged to the colony of Massachusetts until 1746.
It is bounded on
the N. by Bristol county, Mass.,
E. by Mount Hope bay, and S. and
W. by the upper waters of Narraganset b-ay. Area, 25 square miles.
The location of this county, on the
beautiful waters of Mount Hope
and Narragansetbays, affords it unterritory of this smallest
rivalled
for navigation.
generally a deep gravelly
loam and very fertile, producing various kinds of grain and fruits ; and
has about 4,000 sheep. The rocks
are mostly granite.
Bristol county
affords some of the best scenery in
New England, and is otherwise interesting as being, for many years,
the residence of the brave and cruel
Philip.
Population, 1830, 5,466:
218 inhabitants to a square mile.
The
facilities
soil is
Bristol, Me.
Lincoln co. This town is bounded N. by Nobleborough and Bremen, W. by Damariscotta river, S.
by the sea, and E. by Muscongus
bay. " Bristol Mills," so called, is
the centre of the town, or the chief
of business.
The town is
finely watered by the Damariscotta
and Pemmaquid, and possesses great
place
hydraulic power and navigable
cilities.
There are
a
number
fa-
of
islands in the waters around Bristol,
which make a beautiful appearance;
some of them are quite large, and
inhabited.
The surface of Bristol
not mountainous, but elevated,
"with a good soil.
number of
square rigged vessels belong to this
town ; about 20 sail are engaged in
the coasting trade, and a great number of smaller vessels are employed in the bank and shore fisheries.
Bristol lies 15 miles S. E. from Wiscasset, GO N. E. from Portland, and
32 S. E. from Augusta. Populais
A
tion, 1837, 2,788.
This town was
incorporated in 1765. There was
a temporary settlement here as early as 1625.
In an old fort, on the
banks of the Pemmaquid, once called William Henry, and afterwards
Frederick George, built of stone, in
1692, and taken by the French in
1696, " are found grave stones of a
very early date, and streets regularly laid out and paved, in the vicinity of the fort.
On the side of
the river, opposite to the fort, tan
pits have been discovered, the plank
remaining in a state of preservation..
In other places coffins have
been dug up, which bear indubitable evidence of a remote antiquity."
"A considerable portion of
the inhabitants of Bristol are of
Irish extraction, a small part of
Scotch, a few of German and English.
The predominant characteristics of the inhabitants are frankness and hospitality, a generous liberality of sentiment, and an ardent
love of liberty and independence.
There are few of that class of men
who are esteemed opulent. The
most wealthy are those who labor
daily with their hands, and raise by
their own individual exertions the
bread they consume. On the other
hand, the population of the miserably poor is very small, and the
town
is
burthened with but few
Bristol was the resiCommodore Samuel Tuck-
paupers."
dence
oi
er, distinguished for his bravery in
the revolutionary war.
Bristol, N.
H.
Bristol, in the S. E. part of Graf-
N. by Bridgewater, E. by Pemigewasset river,
and W.by Hill. It is 16 miles S.from
Plymouth, and SON. from Concord.
The land is hilly, but has, in genNewfound pond,
eral, a good soil.
about 6 miles in length and from
2 to 3 miles in width, lies in Ibis
town and in Hebron. Its waters
are discharged through Newfound
river, a stream about 2 miles long
ton county, is bounded
�GAZETTEER.
NEW ENGLAND
and 100 feet wide, into Pemigewasof
set river. At the confluence
these rivers is a pleasant village,
of
a cotton factory, and a number
Bristol was
mill seats.
valuable
a deep, gravelly loam, very
and productive. Great quanfertile
tities of onions are produced here;
the cultivation of which gives a
soil is
lucrative
employment
to
a
great
number of the inhabitants. Poputaken from Bridgewater and New
lation, in 1830, 3,054.
Chester, and incorporated .June 24,
Mount Hope lies about 2 miles
settlement was
tirst
The
1819.
N. E. of the court house. It is of
made in 1770. Population, in 1830,
a conical form, and though not more
799.
than 300 feet above tide water, preBristol, Vt.
sents a view of great interest and
Addison co. It is 25 miles S. W.
from Montpelier, 11 N. from Middlebury, and 25 S. E. from BurlingThe town is mountainous;
ton.
some parts of it, about the " Hog's
Back" and " South Mountain," are
On the west
unfit for cultivation.
the mountains is some fine
side of
About 2,200 sheep are kept
land.
Bristol is watered by New
here.
Haven river, Baldwin and Lewis'
beauty.
Mount Hope bay is an arm of
Narraganset bay it extends N. E.
from Bristol to Fall river and Somerset, and receives the waters of
;
Taunton
river.
Bristol, Ct.
Hartford co. This town was taken from Farmington in 1785. It
which
is watered by some streams
and
natural flow into Farmington river,
creek, and some beautiful
within its limits
Here is a good water pow- there are found
ponds.
Pop- iron and copper ores, and granite.
er, and some manufactures.
The copper mine is very rich and
ulation, in 1830, 1,247.
productive, and will probably beBristol, R. I.
come a source of great wealth.
" The surface of the town is uneThis is the chief town of Bristol
a gravPocanocket of the In- ven and hilly, and the soil is
county the
;
dians.
It
is
delightfully
situated
on the waters of Narraganset and
lat. 41° 39'
Mount Hope bavs,
53" N., Ion. 71° 19' W. It lies 15
miles S. from Providence, 15 N.
from Newport, and 56 S. S. W.
from Boston. Its navigable advan-
m
The comtages are unrivalled.
merce of this place is not so extenstill there is consive as formerly
It has
siderable maritime trade.
engaged in the whale
IS vessels
fishery, 15 or 20 sail in the merchant service, and a lar^e number
;
The amount
in the coasting trade.
of tonnage in this district in 1837,
was 16,627 tons. Much of the capmanital of this town is employed in
ufacturing concerns at other places.
The town comprises an area of
about 12 square miles, including
Mount Hope, once the residence of
the celebrated king Philip. The
elly loam, and considerably fertile,
producing all kinds of grain, grass
and fruit, common to this region.
is a manufacturing town, and
inhabitants are distinguished
for their enterprize and industry.
There are at present sixteen clock
factories, in which nearly 100,000
brass and wooden clocks have been
manufactured in a single year.
The manufacture of buttons is also
Bristol
carried on in this place."
Hartford,
is 16 miles W. by S. from
This
the
and 28 N. from
ulation,
1830,
New Haven.
Pop-
1,707; 1837, about
2,500.
Brookfield, N. H.
It is 45 miles from
Strafford co.
Concord, and 90 from Boston ; was
originally a part of Middleton, from
which it was separated and incor-
porated Dec. 30, 1794.
The
soil is
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
good.
of the
Cook's pond
is the source
of Salmon-Fall
river.
There is also another small
pond, covering about 15 acres, directly on the top of Moose mountain, which has always about the
same quantity of water, and a variety of fish in it.
Population, in
1830, 679.
W. branch
springs, but has no important mill
privileges.
This is a fine grazing
town, and feeds about 10,000 sheep.
The products of the dairy are considerable.
Here are some manufactures, and an inexhaustible bed
which lime
first
is
made.
settled in 1779,
and organized in 1781.
Brookiield, Ct.
Fairfield co.
This town
Population,
1880, 1,677.
lies
33
W. from New Haven, 24
N. by W. from Fairfield, and 6 N.
miles S.
from
Orange co. On the high lands
between Onion and White rivers
40 miles N. by W. from Windsor,
16 S. from Montpelier, and bounded
by Chelsea on the S. E. It is watered by a number of ponds and
The town was
silk.
by E. from Danbury.
Brookiield, Vt.
of marl, from
These manufactures, for the
year ending April 1, 1837, amounted to $248,502, exclusive of the
legs.
It
New
was taken
Milford, Danbury, and
Newtown, in 1788, and named after the first minister. Rev. Thomas
Brooks, who was ordained when
the church was organized, in 1758.
The surface of the town is somewhat broken, but the soil is strong,
and well adapted to the culture
of grain.
The rocks in many parts
of the town are limestone, and afford marble.
The N. E.^^boundary
is washed by the Housatonick river, over which is a bridge to Milford ; and Still river passes nearly
through its centre. Fish, particularly shad, are taken in its waters.
Population, 1830, 1,261.
Bi-ookfield, Mass.
Brookline, N. H.
Worcester co. The Indian Quaboag, a large, fertile and beautiful
township, in two parishes, well wa-
On the S. line
7 miles from Amherst, 35 from Concord, and 43 from
Boston.
Nisitissit is the only river
in Brookline.
It rises in the N. E.
part of Mason
passes through the
S. part of Milford into Brookline,
pursuing a S. E. course to Potanipo
pond. From the pond it runs S. E.
to Hollis, passing through the S. W.
corner of that town into Pepperell,
where it empties into Nashua river.
Potanipo, or Tanapus pond, is situated near the meeting house.
It is
about a mile long and one third of a
mile wide. Brookline formerly belonged to Massachusetts. It wag
incorporated March 30, 17(59, by
the name of Baby.
In Nov. 1798,
the name was altered by an act of
the legislature to Brookline.
Population, in 1830, 627.
tered by several large ponds, which
give rise to a principal branch of
Chickopee river. For about forty
years after its first settlement, in
1660, this town suffered exceedingly by the Indians.
The ponds afford fine fish of various kinds, and
in this town is a mineral spring of
some celebrity. It lies 58 miles
W. from Boston, 18 W. from Worcester, and 7 E. from Ware.
Incorporated, 1673. Population, 1830,
2,342; 1837,2,514. The agricultural products of this town are butter, cheese, wool, and fine beef cattle.
The manufactures consist of
boots, shoes, leather, iron castings,
ploughs, chairs, cabinet ware, palmleaf hats, silver plate, shoe makers rolling and shingle machines,
sleighs, carpenters' hammers, coach
wrenches, sewing
silkj
and wooden
Hillsborough
of the state.
co.
It is
;
Brookline, Vt.
Windham
co.
Set off from Put-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
of this brave man. Dr.
ney and Athens in 1794. The east- Speaking
observes," During the gayDwight
erly part of the town is elevated
A
deep valley
and unproductive.
runs through the town, in which
Its principal
is some good land.
stream is Grassy brook, a branch of
West river. An exten-^ive bed of
Popporcelain clay is found here.
35 miles S.
ulation, 1830, .376.
from Windsor, 10 N. E. from Newfane, and IS N. from Brattleborough.
and most thoughtless period of
he regarded religion with
profound reverence, and read the
scriptures with the greatest atten-
est
his life,
tion."
Brooks Me.
;
Waldo CO. This town is 11 miles
N. N. W. from Belfast, and 45 N.
It produced in
E. from Augusta.
1837, 3 ,475 bushels of wheat. From
Paasaggassawakeag pond issues a
Brool^Lae, Mass.
of the same name, which
Norfolk CO. This delightful town stream
setby the passes into Belfast bay. First
is connected with Boston
Incorporated, 1816.
1798.
tled,
mill-dam across Charles river bay
1837, 800.
one of the most beautiful and ex- Population,
pensive avenues leading to the city^.
Brooksville, Me.
5
It is distant from Boston about
Hancock co. On the E. side of
miles S. W., and from DedhamS
Penobscot bay, opposite to Islesbomiles N. N. E. Incorporated, 1705.
This town rough and Casline. It is bounded
Population, 1837,1,083.
bay,
surface, on ^he N. by an arm of that
is remarkable for its varied
This
includes cape Rosico.
state of cultivation, elegant and
high
well located for navigation
country seats and gardens, excel- town is
fisheries. It lies 80 miles E.
roods, and for its rich and pic- and the
lent
Many gentle- from Augusta, and about 25 S. E.
turesque scenery.
Population, 1837,
men of taste and fortune make this from Ellsworth.
;
i
1,192.
their residence.
Brooklyn,
Shire town of
Bro\^'nlielcl,
Ct.
Windham
This
co.
town is finely watered by Quinnebaug river, and Blackw^elTs stream.
CanIt was taken from Pomfret and
;
Incorporated,
1837, 1,178.
44 W. from Providence, R. I.,
and about 20 N. by E. from Norwich. Population, 1S30, 1,451.
Good landscapes are obtained from
the Gray Mare and Tetnuck hills.
Here is" a cave called the Lion's
Ben, and a mineral spring of some
ford,
The
171S.
He
died
Chartered, 1790. Population,
It is divided from Iras1830, 412.
burs, on the W., by Barton river.
In this town are about 1,500 sheep.
ton.
celebrated hero.
May
29,
1790.
Population,
Orleans co. Willoughby river, a
branch of Barton river, furnishes
this town with a good mill stream.
MontIt lies 45 miles N.^N. E. from
pelier, and 57 N. E. from Burling-
.
General Israel Putnam, lived many
He
year? and died in this town.
was born at Salem, Mass., Jan. 7,
1802.
BrOAvnington, Vt.
the varieties common to
This
a fertile erazing country.
lies 30 miles E. from Harttown
all
notoriety.
Me.
Oxford CO. Bounded E. by Sacc
river, and contains several ponds
and streams 81 miles S. E. from
Augusta, and 30 S. W\ from Paris.
terbury in 1786. The land is uneven, and somewhat stony; but the
abundsoil is strong, producing in
ance
Incorporated, 1817.
BroAViiville,
I
Me.
Bounded on the
Piscataquis co.
N. and E. by Pleasant river, S. by
Williamsburgh, and
W. by Vaug-
�NEW ENGLAND
han.
Incorporated, 1824.
lation, 1S37, 532.
It lies
Popuabout 20
miles N. from Dover, 97 N. N. E.
from Augusta, and 171 N. N. E.
from Portland. This is a good township of land, and produced, in 1837,
o,252 bushels of wheat.
Brujis^vicls,
descend the Androscoggin to this
place, and lumber of all kinds is
sent to Bath in gondolas, or transported by land to the sea board.
rail-road, of about 4 miles in length,
is contemplated, for the transportation of lumber. There are 30 board
saw mills at this place, exclusive of
those in Topsham. Two cotton and
woolen factories were erected here
but they were both burnt in 1824.
Another factory was built in JS34,
calculated for 4,000 spindles.
It is
of stone, five stories high, and 174
by 45 feet. Other factories are contemplated.
This place, possessing
A
;
such an eshaustless water power,
and situated on navigable waters,
and on a large and beautiful river,
extending 140 miles info the heart
of a fertile and healthy country,
cannot fail of very soon becoming
one of our largest manufacturing
towns.
Bi-unswick was first settled in
1627, and incorporated in 1739.
It
has been the scene of much savage
aggression.
See Register.
This town was
Oxford CO. This town is finely
watered by a branch of AndroscogIt is bounded on the W.
gin river.
by Paris, and is 34 miles W. by S.
from Augusta, and 50 N. by W.
Population, 1837,
from Portland.
1,618. The soil of this town is very
Among its agricultural progood.
duct-, in 1837, it yielded 5,613 bushels of wheat.
Euclcland, Mass.
This is a pleasant
Franklin co.
town and is separated from Charle-
mont by Deerfiehi river.
It lies
102 miles W. by N. from Boston,
10
W. from
S. E.
1779.
Greenfield, and 20 E.
Incorporated,
Population, 1837, 1,051.—
from Adams.
This is a good farming town, and
produces a considerable quantity of
wool.
Biiclcsport,
Hancock
Me.
This town lies on
the E. side of Penobscot river, 15
miles below Bangor, 61 N. E. by
E. from Augusta, and about 18 W.
by N. from Ellsworth.
It has a
fine harbor for vessels of the largest class, and which is seldom obco.
structed by ice.
The soil is good,
and the town is watered by a number of ponds and streams. Considerable shipping belong to this place,
and the trade is quite extensive,
particularly in the lumber business.
has some manufactures.
From
1792 to 1816, Bucksport was called
Buckstoion. Ths is a very beautiful town, elevated, healthy, and
It
Brunswick, Vt.
CO.
BuckJield, Me.
co.
substantial bridge. It is 27 miles N.
E. from Portland, 30 S. of Augusta,
and 3 W. from Bath. Population, in
1830, 3,747; and in 1837, 4,136. It
lies at the head of the tide waters,
where vessels of 400 tons are built.
Vast quantities of timber and logs
Essex
Nulhegan river, and Wheeler
There are
and Paul's streams.
some beautiful ponds in town, and
a mineral spring said to contain medicinal virtues. It is 55 miles N. E.
from Montpelier, 14 N. from Guildhall,
and opposite to Stratford,
of
N. H.
Me.
This town is on
the S. side of Androscoggin river,
and connected with Topshajn by a
Cumberland
GAZETTEER.
first
settled in 1780.
Population, 1830,
160.
It lies on the W. side of
Connecticut river, and has some
excellent mill sites on the waters
flourishing.
It
is
situated
just
above the head of Orphan's island.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
a Ibrt is to be erected.
PopuIation,lS30, 2,237; 1837,2,825.
on wLich
Biu-ke, Vt.
about the year 1786. The
surface of the township is agreeably diversified, and is so much elevated above the lake that the air is
officers
A mountain, 3,500
pure and wholesome.
This town is not surpassed in
beauty of location by any one in
New England. It lies on the east
shore of Burlington bay, and occupies a gentle declivity, descending
towards the west and terminated by
The prinstone (novacuUte) is found on an the waters of the lake.
cipal streets, running east and west
in Memphremagog lake.—
island
and these
stones are brought in their are one mile in length,
Caledonia co.
divides this town
from Victory, on the E. Branches
of Passumpriic river pass through it,
and afford a good water power.
This is a phice" of some manufacturcs,pa;-ticularly of oil stones. Tiiis
feet in height,
The
and their quality is
said to equal those from Turkey.
The soil of the town is good, and
abounds with hard-wood and ever-
rough
state,
A
large number of sheejj
greens.
Burke was tirst setare kept here.
Population, 1S30,
tled in 17S0.
8fi8.
It lies 40 miles N. E. from
Montpelier, and 19 N. E. from Danville.
co.
and St. Johns and between this
and Plattsburgh, besides numerous
of
arrivals of irregular boats, sloops,
in 1837,
Three extensive wharves,
&c.
with slore-hou-es, have been constructed and most of the merchandize designed for the north-eastern
The number
town
inhabitants in
was 277. They produced the
year 2,106 bushels of wheat.
this
same
See
Barnard, Me.
Burlington, Vt.
This is the chief town in the
county of Chittenden. It is delightfully situated upon the tongue
of land formed by the confluence
of the Winoo>ki,or Onion river, with
This is the most
lake Champlain.
It
important town in Vermont.
lies in lat. 44° 27' N. and in Ion.
73=* 15' W.
It is 38 miles W. N.
W. from Montpelier, 62 S. by E.'
from St. Johns, L. C, 80 S. S. E.
from Montreal, 70 N. from Whitehall, 22 S. E. from Pittsburgh, 10
miles across the lake to Port Kent,
N. Y. and 440 from Washington.
Although some beginnings were
made before that event, no permanent settlement was effected in this
township till about ihe close of the
revolution in 1783.
A
the business on lake Champlain
centres at this place, and the town
is rapidly increasing in wealth and
There are regular
consequence.
daily lines of steam-boats between
this place and Whitehall, between
this
Burlington, Me.
Penobscot
are intersected at right angles by
streets running north and south,
and cutting the whole village into
lai-ge share of
regular squares.
The town was
organized by the election of town
section of Vermont is landed here.
The trade is principally with the
York, although Montcity of
For
real and Troy have a share.
the safety of the navigation, a light-
New
house has been erected on Juniper
island, at the entrance of Burlington bay, and for the security of the
harbor, a breakwater has been commenced here at the expense of the
There are
oencral t!;overnmcnt.
of mail stages which arrive and depart daily, besides three
ifour lines
or four others which come in and
go out twice or thrice a week.
The public buildings are six
churches, the University of Ver-
mont, the Episcopal Institute, the
court house, two banks, the Academy and two female seminaries.
The University consists of four
spacious ediljces, located upon the
summit at the eastern extremity of
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER,
villasfe, more than 250 feet
above the level of the lake, and commands one of the finest prospects
in the United States.
The village,
the lake, with its bays and islands
its steam-boats and sloops,
the
Winooski river, dashing through
frightl\il chasms and then winding
among the beautiful meadows, and
the distant and lofty mountains
which form the great outline,
render the view from the dome of
the University one of the most variegated and interesting to be met
with in our country.
As a part of Burlington may be
mentioned the village called "Win-
the
—
—
ooski City."
It is situated on both
sides of the Winooski river, partly
in Burlington and partly in Colchester, and is one mile from the
village of Burlington.
The water
power here
is
some purpose.
mills, a large
Besides two saw
grist mill, a
machine
shop and numerous smaller works,
there is a large satinet factory and
extensive block factory now in
successful operation, and a woolen
m
factory of the
first
class is to
com-
mence running
the present season.
substantial covered bridge connects the two sides of the river; a
handsome church, and several stores
have been erected, and 'Winooski
City' bids fair to become a place of
business and importance. See Reg-
A
ister.
Burlington, Mass.
Middlesex co. This town is watered by Vine brook, a branch of
the Shawsheen river.
It lies 11
miles S. E. from Lowell, 10 N. E.
from Concord, and 1.3 N. W. by N.
from Boston.
Population, 1837,
522,
Some shoes are made here.
The soil is light, and suitable for
the growth of rye and hops.
Eurliiigtoii, Ct.
Hartford co.
An
agricultural
Me.
Biirjiliani,
Waldo
CO.
It lies 37 miles N.
E. from Augusta, and about 30
N.'
W. from Belfast.
W. by Sebasticook
It is
bounded
river,
Troy.
s!
and E. by
Incorporated, 1824.
Popu1S37, 602.
It produced
2,297 bushels of wheat in 1837.
lation,
Eiiriiliain's
See
sufficient for propel-
ling almost any amount of machinery, and is beginning to be employed
to
township, with a soil of gravelly
loam, pleasantly diversified by
hills
and vales, 17 miles W. from
Hartlord, and .3G N. from New
Haven
Population, 1830, 1,301. It is water
ed by Farmington rivei-,and was
taken from Bristol in 1806. This
town
has some manufactui-es. and
has
been noted for the equality of its
inhabitants, in regard to property.
Lyman,
River, W. H.
JS''.
H.
Burnt Coat Island, Me.
Hancock
co.
A
large island, surolhers of a smaller
size, lying off Blue Hill bay,
E. by
S. from Deer island about
13 miles,
and about 6 miles S. by W. from
the town of Mount Desert.
It has
a light-house and good harbors,
and
is a fine location for the
shore fishery.
rounded by
Biirrilville,
R.
I.
Providence co. This town was
taken from Gloucester in 1808. It
is finely watered by
Branch river,
with many branches; one branch
of which lises in Allum pond,
partly in this town and partly in Douglas,
Mass. This river is an important tributary \o the Blackstone.
Manufacturing villages are scattered over this farge town in almost
every direction, and a vast amount
of manufactures of various kinds
is
annually produced. The face of
the town is rough, but the soil
is
adapted to grazing, and produces
large quantities of^beef, pork,
butter,
cheese, &c.
Herring and Ed-
dy's ponds are pleasant "sheets
of
water.
Burrilville lies 24 miles
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
N. W. from Providence, and 27 S.
by E. from Worcester. Population,
1830, 2,196.
1830, 1,304.
Buxtou, Me.
York
on the
CO.
S.
This town
W. by Saco
mathematician. Cabot lies 12 miles
N. E. from Montpelier, and bounded E. by Danville. Population,
is
At
the Saco falls about SO
and produces a great hydraulic power, which is partly improved for manufacturing establishments.
It lies 8 miles N. W. from
Saco, 16 N. E. from Alfred, 18 W.
from Portland, and 71 S. AV. from
Augusta. Incorporated, 1772. Population, 1837 2,SS8.
this place
feet,
Calais,
bounded
river.
Me.
Washington co. At the head of
navigation on the Schoodic, or St.
Croix river, nearly opposite to
St.
The Ujyjjer village, or Mill Town, is about two
miles from tide water.
At the
Lower village, below the falls, is a
Andrews, N. B.
Calais
bridge lo the British side.
lies 28 miles above Eastport, about
35 N. by E. from Machias, and 204
This is a
E. N. E. from Augusta.
Blizzard's Bay, Mass.
great mart for lumber of all kinds.
This bay lies N. W. from Dukes About 40 saw mills and other macounty, W. from Barnstable county, chinery are in operation by the
and S. by E. from the counties of great fall of the river. The tide
Plymouth and Bristol. The length rises here about 20 feet, and large
of the bay is about 30 miles from vessels ascend to the lower village.
rail-road is in operation between
N. E. to S. W., and its average
breadth about 7 miles. From the the two villages; it is to extend to
head of this bay, across Cape Cod Baring. Incorporated, 1809. Popto Massachusetts bay, (the place
ulation, 1830, 1,686; 1837, 3,027.
proposed for a canal,) is 5 miles.
Calais, Vt.
Bjrfleld, Mass.
A
Washington
See JVewhury.
Byraiu River.
See Greenwich, Ct.
lock
Abijah Whee-
co.
and others
first
settled
this
town in 1737. It lies 36 miles E.
by S. from Burlington, and 12 N. E.
from Montpelier. Population, 1830,
Calais has a number of
1,539.
Oxford CO. See Barnard, Me.
streams, branches of Onion river,
and several fine ponds. Two thouCaljot, Vt.
sand pounds of trout have been takCaledonia co. On the height of en in a season. There is some manland between Onion and Connecti- ufacturing carried on in the town,
cut rivers. " The Plain" is delight- and it feeds about 6,000 sheep.
fully situated, having the Green
Caledonia Comity, Vt.
and White mountains in prospect.
Several branches of the Onion rivDanville is the chief town.
er water this town, and afford it Bounded E. by Connecticut river
some water power.
Here is Jo and Essex county S. by Orange
and Molly'' s pond, and a sulphur county W. by Washington counspring.
The surface is broken and ty, and N. by the county of Orleans.
hard, but good for sheep, of wliich It contains about 700 square miles.
about 6,000 are reared. The town Population, 1820, 16,669; 1S30,
was first ssttled in 1785. The first 19,943.
Inhabitants to a square
females who came here came on mile, 28. Incorporated, 1792. The
snow-shoes. This is the birth place eastern range of the Green mounof Zerah Colhurn, the celebrated tains extends through the western
Byron, Me.
;
;
.
�NEW ENGLAND
part of the county.
It is watered
fine streams, but the Connecticut and Passumpsic are its
chief rivers.
large part of the
by many
A
county
is
high and good land
;
that
GAZETTEER.
bridge- Port is a coTnpact, flourishing village, about midway between
the University and the bridge. East
Cambridge is of newer growth, and
is
very tlourishing place.
a
It is
along the rivers is excellent. It the
seat of the county courts, and
produces wheat and other grain, is immediately
connected with Bosbeef cattle, horses, and about 60,- ton by
Canal bridge and the viaduct
000 sheep. There are some sul- of the
Boston and Lowell rail-road,
phur springs in this county ; lime- over Charles
river.
This town was
stone and granite are abundant.
incorporated by the name of New-
Cajiitoi-itlge,
ton in 1630.
Me.
It
took the
name
of
Cambridge
in 1638. The first printing press in America was establish-
Somerset co. In the year 1S37
the town had a population of 431, ed here, by
Stephen Day, in 1639.
and raised, the same year, 2,890 The first work
printed was the
bushels of wheat. See Barnard. " Freeman's Oath."
In this town
Me.
are various and extensive
manu-
Cambridge,
Coos
CO., is
K".
H.,
an uninhabited town-
ship, of 23,160 acres, granted
19, 1773, to Nathanier Rogers and
others.
It is bounded N. by the
May
township of Errol and
Umbagog
by the state of Maine, S.
by Success and Milan, and W. by
lake, E.
Dummer.
This tract has an une-
ven surface, but might be advantageously cultivated. Several streams
and fall into the Ameriscoggin, which passes through the
N. W. part of the town.
rise here,
Caiifil>i*idg-e,
Vt.
Lamoille co. It lies 30 miles N.
W. from Montpelier, and about 16
W. from Hydepark. Population,
1830,
1,613.
First
settled,
17,83.
The Lamoille and
other streams
affoi-d this town a good
water power.
There is some good intervale
in the town, but the land is rough,
and chiefly valuable for grazing
it feeds about 7,000 sheep.
blacking, tin ware, chairs and cabinet ware, rail-road cars, chaises,
coaches, and other carriages; iron
axletrees, harnesses, organs, carpenters' tools, clothing, pumps and
blocks, cigars, brass and britannia
ware, bricks, ropes and twine, soap,
brushes,
varnish,
confectionary,
stamped and stained paper, stoves,
sheet iron, glue, pocket books, and'
m.edicine. The value of these manufactures the year ending April
1,
1837, amounted to $930,6G6.
The'
amount of glass, which is considered of admirable quality, exceed-
ed $450,000.
This tov/n
may
be
divided into three parts
Old
Cambridge, the seat of the most
ancient and best endowed college,
in the LTnited States, is 3 miles
from'
:
West Boston bridge, whirh
Cambridge from Boston.
divides
Cam-
is
very
Besides the buildings of the University, it contains" the
United
States' arsenal, other handsome public buildings, and many very
elegant private residences. Pop.^1830,
1,072 1837, 7,631. See Re^/ater.
;
about a mile
co.
Cambridge
pleasant, although not so elevated
as some of the neighboring towns.
Mount Auburn
Cambridge, Mass.
Middlesex
factories.
They consist of glass,
hats, leather, boots and shoes,
shoe
Cemetery,
lies
W.
of the University, in the towns of Cambridge and
Watertown. It contains about 100
acres of land, and is laid out with
gravelled walks, and planted and
embellished with all the varieties
of trees, shrubbery, and flowers.
Lots of ground, of 300 square feet.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
at
suitable
distances
along
the
winding passages, are appropriated
as family burial places, with the
perpetual right to purchasers of
enclosing, decorating, and using
them for that purpose. Numerous
monuments of exquisite workmanship are already erected, which
add, if possible, to the melancholy
grandeur of the scene. It is an enchanting spot ; a magnificent restThis cemeing place of the dead.
tery was dedicated Sept. 24, 1831.
We cannot deny ourselves the
gratification of quoting a few lines
from the descriptive part of Judge
Story's admirable address on that
—
occasion.
*'
rural cemetery seems to combine in itself all the advantages
which can be proposed to gratify
human feelings, or tranquilize human fears; to secure the best religious influences, and to cherish
all those associations which cast a
cheerful light over the darkness of
the grave.
" And what spot can be more appropriate than this, for such a purpose ? Nature seems to point it out
with significant energy, as the favorite retirement for the dead.
There are around us all the vai'ied
features of her beauty and grandeur the forest-crowned height
the abrupt acclivity ; the sheltered
valley; the deep glen; the grassy
glade, and the silent grove.
Here
are the lofty oak, the beech, that
' wreaths
its old fantastic roots so
high,' the rustling pine, and the
drooping willow, the tree, that
sheds its pale leaves with every
autumn, a fit emblem of our own
and the evertransitory bloom
green, with its perennial shoots, instructing us, that ' the wintry blast
of death kills not the buds of virtue.'
Here is the thick shrubbery,
to protect and conceal the newmade grave ; and there is the wildflower creeping along the narrow
path, and planting its seeds in the
upturned earth. All around us
A
—
—
;
there breaths a solemn calm, as if
we Avere in the bosom of a wilderness, broken only by the breeze aa
it murmurs through the tops of the
forest, or by the notes of the warb-
pouring forth his matin or his
evening song.
" Ascend but a few steps, and
what a change of scenery to surprise and delight us.
We seem, as
it were, in an instant, to pass from
ler,
the confines of death to the bright
and balmy regions of life. Below us
flows tke winding Charles, Avith its
rippling current, like the stream of
time hastening to the ocean of eternity.
In the distance, the city,
at once the object of our admiration
and our love, rears its proud emi-
—
nences, its glittering spires, its lofty
towers, its graceful mansions, its
curling smoke, its crowded haunts
of business and pleasure, which
speak to the eye, and yet leave a
noiseless loneliness on the ear.
Again we turn, and the walls of
our venerable University rise before
us, with
happy
many
a recollection
passed there in the
interchange of study and friendof
daj-s
many a grateful thought
affluence of its learning,
ship, and
of
the
which has adorned and nourished
literature of our country.
turn, and the cultivated
farm, the neat cottage, the village
church, the spai-kling lake, the rich
valley, and the distant hills, are before us through opening vistas ; and
the
Again we
we
breathe amidst the fresh and
A'aried labors of
"There
man.
therefore, within our
reach, every variety of natural and
artificial
is,
scenery, which is fitted to
of the highest and
awaken emotions
most affecting character. We stand,
as it were, upon the borders of two
worlds and as the mood of our
minds may be, v/e may gather lessons of profound wisdom by contrasting the one with the other, or
indulge in the dreams of hope and
ambition, or solace our hearts by
melancholy meditations."
;
�NEW ENGLAND
Camden, Me.
This sea-port is finely located for navigation, with two
beautiful harbors, on tlie W. side of
Penobscot bay, 10 miles N. from
Thomaston, 17 S. from Belfast, and
40 E. S. E. from Augusta. Population, 1837, 2,991.
this place has
"Waldo CO.
GAZETTEER.
brook on the W. The land in the
is generally good, and there
is some good intervale.
The high
land is good for grazing. The forest trees are mostly deciduous. No
white oak or pitch pine is found N.
of the centre of the town.
Iron
ore of an inferior quality is found
valleys
The towns of
engaged in the in some places.
coasting trade and fisheries, and Campton and Rumney were both
considerable ship building is carri- granted in Oct. 1761, to Capt. Jabez
ed on but the principal business Spencer, of East Haddam, Conn.,
but he dying before a settlement
is the manufacture of lime from inexhaustible quarries of marble, or was effected, his heirs, in conjunclime stone. About 200,000 casks tion with others, obtained a new
The first
of lime is annually shipped from charter, Jan. 5, 1767.
this place to all parts of the United settlement was made in 1765, by
States.
This lime is noted for mak- two families of the names of Fox
ing a cement of a superior quality. and Taylor. The proprietors held
The Megunticook river waters a their first meeting Nov, 2, 1769,
part of the town, and gives it a and the inhabitants theirs, Dec. 16,
From the circumstance of
great water power, which might 1771.
be well applied to manufacturing the first proprietors building a ca?np
purposes.
From a mountain in the when they went to survey Camprear of the town a beautiful pros- ton and Rumney, this town derives
In the revolutionary
pect is presented of Penobscot bay its name.
and its numerous islands. Camden war, this town, though in its infanis a pleasant
retreat in summer cy, furnished nine or ten soldiers,
i\ve of whom died in the service,
months.
and three were living in 1822. PopCamel's Bacic aioiiiatain, Vt.
ulation, in 1830, 1,318.
some navigation
;
This most elevated summit of the
Green mountains
ton, 17 miles
lies
in
Huuiing-
W. from
Montpehel-,
25 N. E. from Middlebury, and 20
S. E. from Burlington.
It is 4,188
feet above the sea.
Camptoii, W. H.,
Grafton co., Is bounded N. by
Thornton, E. by Sandwich, S. by
Holderness and Plymouth, W. by
Rumney; is 50 miles from Concord, and 75 from Portsmouth.
Its
surface is broken and uneven,
abounding with rocky ledges, and
Canaan, Me.
Somerset
This town was first
and incorporated in
1788.
It formerly embraced the
territory of Skowhegan and Bloomfield.
It is a good farming town,
and produced, in 1837, 5,444 bushels
of wheat.
It lies on the east side
of Kennebec river, 13 miles E. from
Norridgewock, and 34 N. from Auco.
settled in 1774,
gusta.
Population, 1837, 1,347.
Canaau, N. H.
Grafton
Bounded N. by
which separates it
from Dorchester, E. by Orange, S.
by Enfield, and W. by Hanover,
Dame's
co.
gore,
having several mountainous tracts.
Besides Pemigewasset river, running N. and S. through nearly the and is
situated on the height of land
centre of the town, it is watered by
between the rivers Connecticut and
Mad and Beebe's rivers, which fail Merrimack. It is 16 miles
E. from
into the Pemigewasset on the E.,
Dartmouth college, 30 S. E. from
and by West Branch river and Bo<^ Haverhill,
25 S. W. from Plymouth,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
and 40 N, W. from Concord. The
only stream of consequence is the
rises in the N.W.
part of Dorchester, and after a meandering course of 8 or 10 miles,
falls into Mascomy pond in Enfield.
Indian stream river rises in the S.
E. corner of Dorchester, and running about 8 miles, mingles with
the waters of Mascomy, near the
Mascomy, which
centre of the town. Heart pond,
so called from its figure, is situated
in the centre of the town, and upon
a swell of land so elevated that
at a distance it presents the appearance of a sheet of water on a hill.
It is about 500 rods in length and
200 in width, and the only natural
cuiiosity of any note, is the mound,
or bank of earth, which nearly surIt is from 4 to
rounds this pond.
5 feet high, and from its uniforju
height and regular construction
would seem to be the work of art
but from frequent annual observation, it is found to have been produced by the drifting of the ice
when breaking up in the spring.
there are Goose,
Besides this,
Clark's, Mud and Bear ponds. The
land is not so broken as in some of
There is but
the adjoining towns.
little
not capable of cultivation.
The soil is tolerably fertile, and
produces wheat, rye, corn, flax, &c.
Canaan was granted by charter,
July 9, 1761, to 62 persons, all of
whom except ten belonged to Connecticut.
It derived its name from
Canaan in that state. The first permanent settlement was made in the
winter, in 1766 or 7, by John Scofield, who conveyed what effects
he possessed the distance of 14 miles
over a crust of snow upon a handsled.
Among
settlers,
others of the
first
were George Harris, Tho-
mas Miner, Joshua Harris, and
Samuel Jones. The first proprietors' meeting was held July 19,
1768.
Population, in 1830, 1,428.
Canaau, Vt.
Essex
CO.
Bounded N. by Can-
7*
ada, and E.
by Stewartstown, N,
31 miles N. from Guildhall,
and 112 N. E. from Montpelier.
First settled, 1785.
Population,
The land in this town
1830, 373.
H.
;
broken and cold. Leed's pond
produces an abundance of fish.
Canaan produces more fish than
is
grain.
Canaan,
Ct.
First settled in
Litchfield CO.
1738. Incorporated, 1739. Canaan
lies 41 miles N. W. from Hartford,
and IS N. N. W. from Litchfield.
Population, 1830, 2,301. The town
lies on the E. side of Housatonick
river, opposite to Salisbury.
ledge of limestone rocks crosses the
river at this place, about 30 rods in
length, causing a perpendicular fall
The river is rapid, both
of 60 feet.
above and below this beautiful cataract.
The whole descent of the
A
Canaan, is about 130 feet,
" nobly arranged and distributed,
and comprehending a remarkable
variety of beauty and grandeur."
The township is mountainous, with
river, in
some arable land along the streams
About 4,000 sheep are kept hei-e.
This section of country is noted for
its
excellent mutton. Limestone
and iron ore are abundant the latter is of a very fine qualit^^
Iron
works, on an extensive scale, are
established here
a satinet factory
and other machinery.
;
;
Canals in Ne^v flugland*
See Register.
Candia, N. H.)
Rockingham co.. Was detached
from the N. part of Chester and incorporated, 1763. The soil is naturally hard of cultivation
but the
industry of the inhabitants has made
it fruitful.
It was originally covered with a thick growth of oak, ash,
maple, birch, &c. The site of this
town is elevated, and commands
an extensive view of the rich scenery of the adjacent country the
;
—
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
White Hills, the Wachusett, and
other mountains, the lights on Plum
island, and the ocean being visible.
In the W. part of the town is a
ridge of land extending from N. to
S., which is the highest elevation
between JMerrimack river and the
ocean. On the E. side of this ridge,
two branches of Lamprey river
take their rise.
Cantlia lies 15
miles from Concord. This town
among others contributed largely
to the attainment of independence
and the names of 69 soldiers of the
revolution are found on its records.
The inhabitants are mostly industrious farmers, many of whom are
wealthy. Population, 1830, 1,362.
;
Canterbury, N. H.
Merrimack co.
Canterbury,
though an uneven township, is not
mountainous. The soil is generally
good
the more uneven parts af;
fording excellent pasturage. There
are no large streams in this town
but several ponds give rise to smaller streams, furnishing good mill
sites, and near which are cut great
quantities of hay. Two bridges over
the Merrimack connect this town
with Eoscawen. The town was settled about 1727, and for a long time
the inhabitants were exposed to the
inroads of the savages.
The husbandman cleared and tilled his land
under the protection of a guard,
uncertain whether the seed he committed to the ground might not be
watered by his blood, or that of an
enemy. Canterbury lies 8 miles
N. from Concord.
Population,
1836, 16G3.
The Hon. Ariel. Foster deserves a particular notice. He possessed in a great degree the esteem
and confidence of the people ; and
soon after he left the pastoral care
of the church, he was called to arduous duties as a magistrate and
In 1783, he was elected
legislator.
and for three years
to Congress
was a member of that body under
tho old cunfederation. He was suc;
cessively returned a member for
all
the time until 1804;
when he retired to private life and
nearly
domestic traquillity.
He was an
ardent lover of his country, and
faithfully served his constituents—
by whom his memory will long be
cherished.
He died in Feb., 1806.
Canterbury, from its elevated situation, lias ever been a healthy town.
In the S. E. part of this town,
on an elevated and beautiful site, is
the village of the "Shakers." At
present it consists of more than two
hundred members.
They have a
meeting-house open at all times of
public worship, where any discreet
and decent spectator is allowed to
attend.
They have a " Trustees'
Office," where all their public business is transacted, and where strangez's are at first received on their visits to the society.
They have also
neat dweliing-houses, of two and
three stoiies, and several workshops both for men and women.
Their mills and various kinds of
machinery are moved by water on
an artificial stream.
They manufacture many articles for sale,
which are remarkable for neatness
and durability. Their gardens are
perhaps the most productive of any
in the country ; and indeed all their
improved lands exhibit the pleasing
eflects of industry and rural economy. They cultivate garden seeds
and take much pains to propagate those of the best kind.
They occupy more than 1,500 acres
of land, lying principally in a body,
which they have consecrated to
the Lord,' and which they enjoy
They cheerfully pay
in common.
their proportion of public taxes,
and share all the burthens of government, except the bearing of
arms, which they deem to be contrary to the gospel ; and in return
they claim from government only
that protection and support guarantied to other citizens. The income
of their manufactures, together
with their agricultural products.
'
�NE W ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
yields their temporal support
and
;
possessed ot
what they become
more than is necessary
to
their
wants, they devote to charitable
purposes, agreeably to their church
It should be mentioned
covenant.
practice highly creditable
as a
sect, that the
of their societies never
to
this
It lies on
Population, 1837, 827.
both sides of the Androscoggin rivAuer, 32 miles W. N. W. from
gusta, and 24 N. E. from Paris.
Canton produced, in 1837, 3,114
bushels of wheat.
Canton, Mass.
members
make use
Norfolk CO. Neponset river and
several large ponds give this town
It lies 15
a great water power.
S.
miles S. W. from Boston, and -5
by E. from Dedham. Incorporated,
Another
Population, 1830, 1,517;
trust- 1797.
imitation i.^, they refuse to be
manufactures of
sum. They 1837, 2,185. The
ed even in the smallest
of
Canton' the year ending 1st
with
transact their secular concerns
amounted to $695,they April, 1837,
great uprightness ; and though
They consisted of cotton and
180.
may have suffered reproach from woolen goods, shoes, palm-leaf hats,
mantheir singularity of life and
thread, candlefor copper, wicking,
ners,they have become a proverb
trying
sticks, hoes, iron castings,
industry, justice and benevolence.
" shapes." The bells
account of the re- squares, and
For a particular
place are of
singular peo- manufactured at this
lio-ious tenets of this
This
metal and sound.
and Sta- superior
pfe, see Religious Creeds
the
place is easily approached from
tistics.
Provicapital by the Boston and
The viaduct, or*.
Canterbury, Ct.
dence rail-road.
this place,
settlers bridge, on that road at
Windham co. The first
the company about $80,000.
from cost''
of this town were principally
600
of massive hewn granite,
Dorchester, Mass. and its neighbor- It is
above the
the feet in length ; 63 feet
They came here about
hood.
sucfoundation, on 6 arches, with a
year 1690. The soil of the town is
It is an
fertile cession of arches at top.
a gravelly loam, generally
piece of workmanship.
It lies 40 miles admirable
and productive.
in cases of
of ardent spirits, except
being aware of the evils
sickness,
intemperance brings upon society.
practice not unworthy of
S
E. by S. from Hartford, and 6
Population, 1830,
from Brooklyn.
The Quinnebaug is here
1,SS1.
It
a'large and beautiful stream.
annually overflows
its
banks, and
borfertilizes a large tract upon its
Bates'
ders. There is fine ti shin g in
Considerable excitement
pond.
manifested itself in this town, in
1832, in consequence of a Miss
Crandall proposing to open a school
for the instruction
of "
Young
la-
misses of color.''—
Although no one seemed to question
the purity of Miss Crandall's mothe
tives, yet the people doubted
dies and
little
expediency of the measure.
Cautoii, Me.
Oxford
CO.
Incorporated, 1821.
Canton,
Ct.
Hartford co. First settled, 1740.
Population,
Incorporated, 1806.
CoUinsville is the
1830, 1,437.
at
principal village in the town,
which a large amount of axes, of a
superior quality, are annually made.
16 miles N. W. by W. from
Hartford, and 16 N. E. from Litcha beaufield. This village presents
a noble
tiful appearance, and is
specimen of individual enterprize.
The soil of Canton is coarse and
It lies
Farmstony, and the surface hilly.
river passes through its S.
ington
W. corner.
Carlisle, Mass.
Middlesex
co.
This town
lies
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
20 miles N. W. f,om Boston, and
5
Concord.
Incorporated,
some of the best harbors ih
the
world.
It is said that Casco
bay
1837, 596.
It
contains as many islands as
IS bounded S. E. by
there
Concord river. are days in the
year ; however
1 his IS a poor town, and
its manumay be, we know that they that
lactures are very triflino-.
are
^evy numerous, some very
lar^e
fertile, and well
Carmel, Me.
cultivated; and
that a survey of them from
the hiffh
Penobscot co. Population,
1837 grounds in Portland,
Falmouth,
""^ '''^^^^' «^"^« year,'
(.umberland, or Yarmouth, afford*
iSon K
1,890 bushels.
a
71 miles from Autreat of island and ocean
gusta.
ii\r^
Population,
1805.
rJ^
See Sowadabscook Stream
Carroll,
.
^
ing
]V.
Castiiie,
base of the White
Moun-
on the N. W., having Jefferson and Whitelield N.,
Whitefield
and Bethlehem W.,and the
un-ranted lands, and Nash and
Sawyer's
Location on the S. It was
granted
Feb. 8, 1772, to Sir Thomas
Wentworth, Bart., Rev. Samuel
Lana-don
and 81 others. Its surface
is uneven and its appearance
dreary.—
tains,
Population, in 1S30, 108.
Cartilage, Me.
Franklin co. Incorporated,
1826
Population, 1837, 455.
46 miles
|rom Augusta, and 73 from
Port
land.
See Barnard, Me.
Carver, Mass.
Plymouth
transcendent beauty.
H.
township in Coos county, ly-
at the
scenery
ot
Hancock
name Irom
Me.
co.
Castine derived its
a French baron of
that
name, who resided here
upwards of
twenty years after 1667.
This
peninsula, jutting out into
Belfast
hay, at the mouth of
Penobscot
nver, was formerly called
"Major
Biguyduce,"
duce
The
pronounced, J^agapeninsula embraces
2,o00 acres of land, and
was first
settled by the English,
in 1760
The British occupied this place
in
both ot the wars with the
U. S
It
was the shire, or chief town,
of the
county from 1789 to 1838,
when
the courts were removed
to Ellsworth.
Castine possesses an excellent maritime position,
but its trade
Irom the country is limited,
being
cut off by the more inland
towns
however, is considerable.
Ihe lumber and coasting
Tn^^^Jo
trade,
with the fisheries, give active
and 8 S. W. by S. from
emPlymouth. ployment to its
people.
Ihere are a number of
78 miles
pleasant i^. Irom Augusta,
and about 25 S.
ponds in this town. The
soil is not
W. from Ellsworth.
very productive.
Population '
The manufac 1830,l,li55;
CO.
^^^^-
Setoff from PlvPopulation, 1837,
tures of Carver consist
of iron cast
ings, boots, shoes, boxes,
and wil-
Wbaske.,;
annual amount abou,
Casco Bay, Me.
This
the
is
one of the finest bays on
American coast. Its western
boundary is Cape Elizabeth;
its
eastern. Cape Small
Point.
The
distance between those
capes is
about 20 miles.
Its indentation
not exceed 15 miles.
Within
does
it
are
Its trade,
1837, 1,168.^
Castleton, Vt.
Rutland, CO. This is a flourishing town, watered by a river
of the
same name; 11 miles W. from
Rutland, 72 S. W. from
Montpelier.
and 14 E. from Whitehall.
Populahon, 1830, 1,783.
First settled,
17/0.
The surface of the town is
rough and hilly, but there is
some
rich land.
It feeds about
9,000
sheep.
Mill shrTiH)'! abound in
Castleton, on which are
a woolen
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
«nd other manufacturing establishments. Lake Bombazine, 7 miles
settlements were made by Ebenezer Chamberlain, in 1765, and
PopCol. Joseph Senter, in 1767.
first
chiefin len2;th and 2 in breadth, is
It is stored with
in this town.
ly
cenfish, and has an island near its
The vilof exquisite beauty.
lage of Castleton is elevated, neatly built, and presents a great variety of rich and beautiful scenery.
ulation, in 1830, 577.
Ciiaiiiplain. Ijake.
ti-e
Cavendisli, Vt.
"Windsor co. There are two flourishing villages in Cavendish, Button's village and Proctorsville. It
Twenis watered by Black river and
good
ty Mile Stream, which afford a
hydrauUc power. Here are in op-
is
tenden, Addison, and a part of Rutland, in the state of Vermont, lie
on the E. At the N. it extends a
few miles into Lower Canada, and
receives the waters of Pike river.
Lawrence
It discharges into the St.
by the Richelieu, Sorcl, or Chambly
excellent; the high land is
good, but best adapted to grazing.
Here are about 6,000 sheep. The
channel of Black river, at the falls,
has been worn down 100 feet. The
effects of the water, at this place,
soil is
town from
Balti-
ulation, 1830, 1,498.
Centre-Harljor,
is
IV.
H.,
pleasantly situa-
and
ted between Winnepisiogee
Squam lakes distant from Concord,
Boston
39 miles, Portsmouth 60,
this
104. Measley pond is partly in
Squam lake furnishes fine
town.
valutrout, and has several islands
The soil is very
able for grazing.
Centre
good, mostly a rich loam.
;
a dehghtful resting place,
during the warm season, of tourists,
and the
to the White Mountains,
great resort of those, visiting the
Winnepisiogee lake and the great
Harbor
is
Among
river.
its
tributaries from
are the Missisque, LamOnion, Otter, and Pawlet rivoille,
Vermont
New
York it receives
From
the waters of the Chazy, Saranac,
Sable, Bouquet, and Wood rivers,
and of Lake George. Its length is
about 130 miles its breadth varies
ers.
:
average breadth
It abounds with
about 3 miles.
salmon, trout, pickerel and other
It is navigable for vessels
fish.
of 90 tons burthen, and splendid steamboats are continually plying, in the season of navigation,
from Whitehall, along its beautiful
shores, to St. John's in Canada.—
This lake contains about 60 islands,
splendid sceneis remarkable for its
and
ry, and renowned in ancient
modern stories for its scenes of warLake Chamlike achievements.
buis a great resort, both for
plain
Hawk's moun- from
more. Cavendish, in common with
most of the towns in Vermont, presents a great variety of mountain
scenery. It lies 10 miles S. W.
from Windsor, and 60 S. from MontPopFirst settled, 1769.
pelier.
Strafford co.,
New
York and Vermont. Vermont embraces about two thirds of its surNew York is on the W. side,
face.
and the counties of Frankhn, Chit-
eration 4 large woolen factories,
iron works, manufactures of tin,
and many other branches of meAlong the streams the
chanics.
are very curious.
tain separates this
This delightful expanse of water
the boundary line between
1 to
12 miles
:
siness and pleasure.
In the Register, under Burlingmay be found some notes for
ton,
travellers.
Cliaplin, Ct.
Windham co. Taken from MansHampton and Windham, in
field,
It is watered by Natchaug
which passes nearly through
The town is small, but
the adjoining its centre.
The the soil is good, and populated by
natural curiosities in
town of Moultonborough.
1832.
river,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
industrious farmers, who, by their
practice of keeping a large number
of sheep, seem to be convinced of
the fact that wool is one of the most
important staples of
England.
It lies 10 miles W. by N. from
Brooklyn, and 30 E. by N. from
Hartford.
bushels.
Cliia-rlestoii,
New
Cliai'lemosit, Mass.
Franklin co. Deerfield river meanders through this town, and 2;ives
!t a good water power.
Garrisons
were erected here in 1754, against
the savage French and Indians.
Their remains are now visible. Incorporated, 1765. Population, 1837,
994.
It lies 110 miles W. N. W.
from Boston, and 14 W. by N. from
Greenfield.
Although this is a
mountainous township, it contains
much valuable land. It maintains
about 5,000 merino and other sheep.
Its manufactures consist of boots,
shoes, leather, iron castings, axes,
hoes, palm-leaf
hats,
saddlery,
scythe snaiths, and lather boxes.
Cliarles Rivers.
Charles river, in Massachusetts,
the Quinobequin of the Indians.
This river rises on the borders of
Hopkinton and Milford, and after
is
meandering through
Bellingham,
Medfield, Sher-
Franklin, Medway,
burne, Dover, Dedham, Needham, Natick, Newton, Waltham
and Watcrtown, it meets the tide
waters, and forms a part of Boston
harbor.
It is navigable to Watertown, 7 miles W. from Boston.
Charles river, in R. I., has its
source in Warden's pond, in South
Kingston, and empties into the
Pawcatuck, at Westerly.
Incorporated, 18.11.
Pop-
ulation, 1837, 1,140.
Vt.
Echo pond, the
Orleans co.
out-
Seymour, waters this
town.
Lake Seymour is a large
slieet of water, and passes N. into
of lake
let
Memphremagog. Charleston
about 35 miles N.E. from Hydepark, 55 N. N. E. from Montpelier,
and 15 S. of Canada line. Population, 1830, 564.
lake
lies
Cliarlesto-vyja, N. H.,
Sullivan co., is situated on Connecticut river, 51 miles from Concord, 100 from Boston, 100 from
Albany, 110 from Hartford, Conn.,
and 13 miles from Windsor, Vt.
The only rivers in Charlestown
are the Connecticut and Little Sugar rivers.
In the former, there
are three islands within the limits
of this town, the largest of which
contains about ten acres, and is called Sartwell's island. The others
contain about six acres each, and
have a rich loamy soil. Sartwell's
is under a high cultivation
There are no falls in this river within the limits of Charlestown which
island
interrupt the
boat navigation, al-
though some
is experienced
little
inconvenience
low water from
what are called " Sugar river bars."
Little Sugar river waters the north
part of Charlestown, and empties
into Connecticut river about two
in
miles south of the S. line of Claremont. This town has but few factory or mill
is
extremely
privileges.
various.
The soil
West of
the great road leading from Walpole to Claremont, are not less than
1,500 acres of fine intervale land,
Cliarlcston, Me.
generally of a deep, rich and loamy
Penobscot co. At the source of soil, and favorable for the culture
Pushawlake. Bounded W. by Gar- and growth of most of the various
land.
It lies 25 miles S. W. from kinds of grass and grain.
In the
Belfast, and 73 N. W. from Augus- E. and N. E. parts of the town, the
ta.
This township is fine wheat soil of the upland is good the natland ; it yielded, in 1S37, 7,606 ural growth of wood, consisting
—
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Indians were at peace but a small
From their
portion of that time.
infancy, the settlers had been lamiliar with danger, and had acquirparts stony, land, east of the river
to posteralmost the whole ed a hardihood unknown
road, extending
When they attended pubUc
ity.
is
length of the town, and which
worship, or cultivated their lands,
considered unfit for settlements.
prepared
town appears they sallied from the fort
The south part of the
of beech, birch, oak,
and hemlock. There is a
maple
ridge of hard, broken, and in some
principally
have a
to
diiferentsoil,
and
is
favor-
for battle,
and worshipped or labor-
ed under the protection of a sentiable for yielding the lighter grains.
In their warfare, the Indians
parishes, nel.
Charlestown contains two
prisoners to scalps, and
are divided by a line run- preferred
which
those who atbridge S. 87=' few were killed but
ning from Cheshire
tempted to escape, or appeared too
and
E., to the corner of Ac worth
formidable to be encountered with
Unity. In the south parish, there
The first child born in
delightfully success.
is a handsome village,
Charlestown was Ehzabeth, the
at the distance of about
situated,
daughter of Isaac Parker. She was
half a mile from Connecticut river,
born 1744, and died in 1806.—
and parallel with it. In the north
favored with
meeting-house and a Charlestown has been
parish is a
a number of eminent men, only
Cheshire bridge,
small village.
about 2 miles N. of the S. meetinghouse, connects this town with
From this bridge
Springfield, Vt.
Cheshire turnpike leads southerly
the
through
principal
village, to
Keene. Charlestown was granted
by Massachusetts, Dec. 31, 17.35,
by
is
the
name
of J\''iunber 4,
sometimes applied
to it
which
at the
present day.
On the 2d July, 1753, No. 4 was
incorporated by the name of Charlestown. The charter was granted by
Gov. Benning Vv'entworth to Joseph Wells, Phinehas Stevens and
others, v/ho were purchasers under
the old grantees. In 1754,the French
war commenced and the inhabitants were obhged to take up their
residence in the fort. The first settlers of Charlestown, like the first
inhabitants of almost every frontier
—
New
England, were, prior
savage cruFor twenty years after the
elty.
on
first settlement, their neighbors
the N. were the French in Canada,
on tlie W. the Dutch, near the
Hudson, on the E. the settlements
on Merrimack river, and on the S.
fev/ were found until arrived at
Norlhfield, in Massachusetts, a distance cS more than 40 miles. The
town
in
to 1760, the victims of
one of which
we have room
to
men-
Capt. Phinehas Stevens
one of the first settlers. The
was
town when in its infancy was pro-
tion.
He was
tected by his intrepidity.
a native of Sudbury, Mass., from
whence his father removed to RutAt the age of 16, while his
land.
father was making hay, he, with
three little brothers, followed him
meadows. They were ambushed bv the Indians, who killed
to the
of his brothers, took him prisoner, and were preparing to kill his
younaest brother, a child four years
Indians,
old. "He, by signs to the
tvv^o
made them
understand
if
they
would spare him, he would carry
him on his back— and he carried
him to Canada. They v/ere redeemed and both returned. He received several commissions from Gov.
Shirley, and rendered important
services in protecting the frontiers.
In 1747, when Charlestown was
abandoned by the inhabitants, he
was ordered to occupy the fort with
SO men. On the 4th of April, he
was attacked by 400 French and Indians, under Mens. Debeline. The
Indian
assault lasted three days.
stratagem and French skill, with
combustible
fire applied to every
.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
about the
fort, had not the desired
of leather, was $390,000. The ar
The heroic band were not tides manufactui-ed
appaJled.
They refused to capitu- lows: soap, candles, were as folboots, shoes,
late.
At length an interview be- hats, morocco,
chairs, cabinet ware,
tween the commanders took place. vessels,
combs, tin ware, and spirits.
The Frenchman shewed his forces,
and described the horrid massacre'
The United States' JVavy Yard
-
elTect.
that
must ensue unless the
surrendered.
"My
afraid to die," w^as the
men
fort
was
are
not
answer made
was
first
established in this
town
about the year 1798. The yard is
situated on the N. side of Charles
river, on a plot of ground of
about
60 acres.
It is enclosed by a high
wall of durable masonry, and contains several ware-houses, dwelling-houses for the officers, and a
large amount of naval stores, live
oak and other timber. It also contains three large ship-houses,
in
which are the Vermont and Carolina of 74, and the Cumberland
frigate of 44 guns.
These ships
can be launched and ready for sea
by Capt. Stevens. The attack continued with Increased fury until
tlie end of the third day,
when the
enemy returned to Canada, and left
Capt. Stevens in possession of the
fort.
Capt. Stevens, for his gallantry on this occ-asion, was presented
by Sir Charles Knowles with an elegant sword; and from this circumstance the township, when it was
incorporated, in 1753, took the name
of Charlestown.
Population, in
1830, 1,778.
in a very short time.
The dry dock at this place is of
Cliarlestown, Mass.
hewn granite, and of unrivalled
Middlesex co. The Indian name masonry.
It is 341 feet in length,
of this town v/as Mishaimm.
First SO in width, and SO in
depth.* It
settled, 1628.
Incorporated, 1629. cost $670,089.
This dock was comPopulation,
1820, 6,591
1830, pleted and received the
Constitu8,787; 1837,10,101.
Charlestown tion on the 24th of June,
1833.—
is a peninsula, formed by Charles
Connected with this establishment
and Mystic rivers, and is united are
a naval hospital and magazine,
to Boston by Charles and Warren
at Chelsea, and a large ropewalk
in
bridges.
It is also united to Boston
the yard ; other additions are conas a port of entry, and in its various
templated.
This is considered one
commercial and manufacturing pur- of the best
naval depots in the Unisuits.
This town is noted for its ted States.
sacrifices in the cause of liberty
and its soil will ever be dear to the
McLean Asylmn. This estabpatriot's bosom.
The town is not lishment is located on a
beautiful
so regularly laid out as Philadelrise of ground, in Charlestown, near
phia, yet it is neatly built, and conEast Cambridge, and about a mile
tains many elegant public and priand a half from the City Flail, in
vate edifices.
The streets are wide Boston. The buildings
are large,
and airy, and many of them have and
exceedingly well adapted " to
recently been planted with trees
their philanthropic design.
They
for shade.
Considerable shipping cost about
$186,000. This House
is owned here, engaged in foreign
was opened for patients on the 6th
and domestic commerce. The an- of
October, 1818.
nual value of the cod and mackerel
Belonging to, and surrounding
fisheries is about $40,000.
The tins Asylum, are about 15 acres of
value of the manufactures, in laud,
appropriated to courts and garCharlestown, the year en-Ung April dens. These
are laid out wilh grav1, 1837, exclusive of a large amount
elled walks. The former are furnish;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
summer
houses, and the the vocal and instrumental music
ornamented with groves of the occasion a part of this numof fruit and ornamental trees, shrub- ber also attend church on the Sabbery and tlowers. Surrounding the bath, in company with the nurses
lower garden and within the enclo- and attendants, and dine with the
ed with
latter are
sure,
is
tients
;
a carriage path, where pataken to ride. In the
are
centre is a small fresh water pond,
containing several hundred gold and
silver tish, and immediately contiguous is a summer house, where the
patients at times resort for games
and amusements.
The system of moral treatment
adopted and pursued, is founded upon principles of elevated benevolence and philanthropy, and an acquaintance with hunian nature and
the capabilities and wants of the
The previous tastes, habinsane:
its and pursuits, and the present inclinations and feelings of each individual, are habitually consulted.
library for the use of the patients
has been purchased, and those of
them who are disposed to read, are
permitted at stated periods to send
in their names and the number of
the book desired ; the list is examined and approved by the physician,
and the books are distributed by the
In the same way, writlibrarian.
ing materials are distributed, and
patients are engaged in keeping
journals writing sketches of their
A
lives
—
— poetry — addressing letters
to
Some
their friends, drawing, &c.
engage in games, as bowling
throwing the ring battledore grachess
ces ^jumping the rope
draughts back gammon, &c., or
are occupied in walking and riding
into the country, or in making lishing excursions in the company of
their attendants ; while others are
working on the farm and in the
garden.
The female patients, besides being employed in various
kinds of needle and ornamental
work, are engaged in various do-
—
—
—
——
mestic labors. The quiet and convalescent patients regularly attend
the religious exercises of the family, and a portion of them join in
family.
A
regulated
intercourse
with the family and society is regarded as an important auxiliary in
the means of cure, and on suitable
occasions they are invited into the
house, where parties are made for
their special amusement and benefit.
John" McLlean, Esq., late of
Boston, an eminent merchant, bequeathed a large amount of property to this institution ; hence its
name.
Bunker Hill Monument. On the
17th of June, 1825, the corner stone
of an Obelisk was laid on the heights
in this town, by the illustrious La
Fayette, to commemorate the battle
between the Americans and British on the 17th of June, 1775.
In
449 Americans and
were slain. Charlestown was bui-nt by the British the
same day. The site of the Monument is 62 feet above t4ie level of
that
battle,
1,055 Britons
the sea.
It is of hewn granite,
and, when completed, will be 30
feet square at the base, 15 feet
square at the top, and 220 feet in
height.
It is now raised about 60
and will probably be completed in one or two years.
The cost
of it will be about $100,000.
feet,
The State Prison. This instituwas founded in 1800, and soon
tion
located on a point of land in
town, near East Cambridge,
and which is connected with Canal
after
this
bridge by a lateral bridge of 1,820
feet in length.
After having struggled with manj' and great difficulties attendant on the establishment
of an institution so entirely new,
the state, by the agency of suitable
men, have so placed it as to effect
all the objects proposed, without
any expense to the commonwealth.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Cliarlestown, R.
Washington
i.
Charlestown lies
on the sea, opposite to Block Ishind.
co.
has five large ponds, which cover an area of 7 square miles.—
It
Charlestown and
Conaquetogue
ponds are salt water, and Posquissett,Watchaug and Cochumpaug are
fresh water.
These waters afford a
great variety of
sea, the land
rior of the
is
fish.
Near the
is
growth of wood.
romantic appearance.
Cliarltott,
Worcester co. Charlton was set
from Oxford, 1754.
It lies 53
miles S. W. from Boston, and 12
W. N. W. from Worcester. Population, 1837, 2,469.
There is a
cotton mill in this town, and
some
This town con-
manufactures of leather and shoes.
more
fit
dreaded Naraganset Indians.
They
possessed a considerable tract of
land in this town, but owing
to
a dislike to agricultural pursuits,
and by intermarriages with the
whites and negroes, their race as a
distinct people has long since
become extinct.
Charles river passea through the town, and gives
it
mill privileges.
Charlestown lies
about 8 miles W. S. W. from South
Kingston, and 40 S. W. from Providence. Population, 1830, 1,284.
Cliarlotte,
Me.
Washington co.
Incorporated,
1825. Population, 1837,612. About
25 miles N. W. from Machias, and
184 E. by N. from Augusta. Charlotte contains a pond, the
waters
of which pass through Dennysville
Cliatliam, N. H.,
Strafford co.,
E. side of the
Cliarlotte,
a pleasant
"Vt.
town, in Chit-
county, on lake Chamand opposite to Essex, N.
Y. In Essex, about 3 miles across
the lake, is Split Hock, a great
natural curiosity.
Charlotte lies 49
plain,
miles W. of Montpelier, 11 S. of
Burlington and 21 N. W. of Middlebury.
part of this town gradually slopes toward the lake,
and
is very productive.
Its trade is
chiefly with Canada.
From the
principal village, " The Four Cor-
A
is
situated on the
White Mountains,
and adjoining the line which divides
this state from Maine.
It has Con-
way on the S., Bartlett and Jackson
on the W., Mount Royse on the
N. Chatham was granted to Peter
Livius and others, Feb. 7, 1767.
There are several ponds in Chatham, and some considerable streams.
The surface is mountainous and
rocky, and can never sustain
a
great population.
Betv/een Chatham and Jackson, Carter's mountain rises so high as to prevent
the
opening a road between the two
towns so that in holding an intercourse with the rest of the county,
;
the inhabitants
are obliged to pass
through part of the state of Maine.
Population, in 1830, 419.
and empty in Cobscook bay.
is
Mass.
off
tains the graves of the
remnant of
the tribe of the once powerful and
This
tenden
Population,
in 1830, 1,702.
for the
arable, but the inte-
town
ners,'^ the lake, and the
mountains
that skirt its borders, present a
very
CliatJiam, Mass.,
Barnstable co., lies on the elbow of Cape Cod, south side. Pleasant bay, inside of Chatham beach,
forms a good harbor.
Chatham is
20 miles E. from Barnstable, and
32 S. S. E. from Pit)vincetown.
Incorporated, 1712.
Population,
1837, 2,271.
The value of the cod
and mackerel fisheries, for the year
ending April 1, 1837, was $'56,100; value of salt made, $8,220;
value of boots and shoes made'
—
—
$1,500.
this place,
men
There
are, belonging to
sail of fisher-
about 20
and 30 coasters.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
covered
Cliatliani, Ct.
earth.
Middlesex co. The township of
Chatham embraces Chatham par-
feet of
as
many
twelve hands have been sometimes
Vessels come to this
employed.
and the above quarry, and load from
The bed of stone in
the bank.
which these and the smaller openings in the neighborhood have been
made is immense, and lies at different depths from the surface in difIt has been discovferent places.
ered in sinking wells, for half a
mile in northern and southern directions, and has been opened at a
(formerly East Middletown,)
the greater part of Middle Haddam
parish, the parish of East Hampton
and a part af the parish of West
It lies 16 miles S. from
Chester.
Hartford, and opposite to Middletown, from which it was taken in
Population, 1830, 3,646.
1767.
ish,
is watered by Salmon and
Pine brooks and several ponds.
Chatham
about 2 miles in circumference, has no outlet. It rises
and falls about 15 feet. It rises for
six or twelve months, and then falls
It is highabout the same period.
Job's pond,
est in the driest season of the year,
and lowest when there is most rain.
with about ten
In this opening as
j
greater distance eastward. Whereever found, the stone possesses the
same general properties, but varies,
like the freestone in Middletown,
in the fineness of its texture."
Clielmsford) Mass.
60 feet deep. ChatMiddlesex co. On the south side
for its valuable quarham
of Merrimack river, and connect" For forty years
ries of freestone.
ed with Dracut by a bridge.
past it has been extensively improvIncorporated,
settled, 1753.
depth of First
ed, and the stone, to the
Population, 1837, 1,613. It
1655.
thirty feet from the surface, are now
lies 25 miles N. W. from Boston,
removed over an area of an acre and 4 S. W. from Lowell. Chelmsand a half, back from the river. ford abounds in limestone and granThe stone in this quarry is covered ite ; considerable of the latter is
in some places with four or five
transported to Boston by the Midfeet of earth, and in others with
dlesex canal, which passes through
four or five feet more of shelly rock.
The manufactures of
the town.
lies in
It is not perfectly solid, but
this town, during the year ending
blocks, eight or ten feet thick, and
April 1, 1837, amounted to about
It is
from 40
is noted
to
and sixty feet long. The seams
$100,000 ;— principally of glass and
and joints facilitate the process of
ironremoving these from their beds;
Chelsea, Vt.
they are reducand when removed,
ed by the wedge and chisel to any
County town of Orange county.
In
size or form which is wished.
Chelsea is a
hands have been First settled, 1785.
this quarry thirty
pleasemployed for several years, eight township of good land, with a
is wathe year, and from four ant village in the centre. It
months in
by the head branches of White
to six teams. The quantity of stone tered
hydraulic powprepared for market, and sold to the river and has a good
Its manufactures consist of
and the neigh- er.
inhabitants of this
leather, iron, &c.
boring towns, and exported to dis- cassimere, satinet,
all the various
tant parts of the country, has been Chelsea produces
yielded a hand- commodities common to the climate,
very great; and has
It lies
Fifty rods south of and feeds about 6,000 sheep.
some profit.
quarry an opening was made 20 miles S. by E. from Montpelier.
this
fifty
about 1783,
half an acre.
now
spreading
Here the
over
stone
is
Population, 1830, 1,958.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Chelsea, Mass.
Suffolk CO.
This town was
for-
merly a ward of Boston.
Incorporated, 173S.
Population, 1837,
The centre of the town lies
1,659.
from Boston about 3 miles N. E.,
across Charles river, and 3 miles
E. of Charlestown.
The manufactures of Chelsea consist of upholstery, stone ware, snuff, segars,
wood and copper engravings,
carriages, bricks, vessels, salt, boots,
shoes, &c. ;
annual value, about
—
$90,000.
The United States Marine Hospital in this town, is on a large plot
of ground, in a delightful and airy
situation, and affords a comfortable
retreat for sick and disabled seamen.
Point Shirley, extending southeasterly, forms the northern "part of Boston harbor. Winnesimet Ferry, leading from the foot of Hanover street,
in Boiton, to this town, is probably
the oldest establishment of the kind
in America.
The first grant was
setts, and W. by Vermont.
This
county contains 727 square miles.
Throughout the whole extent on
the west, it is watered by the Connecticut, the western bank of which
forms the boundary line between
New Hampshire and Vermont.
Ashuelot river is a considerable
stream, and is tributary to Connecticut river.
It has its source from
a pond in Washington, and after receiving two branches in Keene and
Swanzey, and several smaller
streams in Winchester, empties
iu'o Connecticut river at Hinsdale.
Spafford's Lake, a beautiful collec-
tion of water, of about 8 mile? in
circumference, is situated in Ches-
There
terfield.
is
a pleasant island
in the lake, containing about eio-ht
acres.
The Grand Monadnock^in
Dublin and Jafficy, is the highest
mountain, its attitude having been
repeatedly found to be more than
3,000 feet above the level of the
sea.
Bellows' Falls' in Connecticut river, at Walpole, have been
given to Thomas Williams, in 1631. regarded as one of the
greatest natThe distance across Charles river is ural curiosities in this county.
about a mile and a half. Neat and
The earliest settlement in this
commodious steam-boats are con- county was made about the
year
tinually running across this delight- 1732, at
Hinsdale, then a part of
ful stream, making the
Winnesi- Northfield, and under the governmet of the Indians the Hoboken of ment of Massachusetts. The counBoston.
ty was formed March 19, 1771, and
it probably received its name from
Clierryfield, Me.
Cheshire, one of the western counWashington co. At the head of ties in England.
The population
tide water, on both sides of Narra- of Cheshire
county in 1790, was
guagus river, with a handsome vil- 19,665, in 1800, 24,288, in
1810,
lage, and considerable trade. Incor- 24,673, in
1820,
porated, 1815.
Population, 1837,
1,000.
116 miles E. by N. from
Augusta, and about 35
Machias.
Clieslxire
W.
from
County, N. H.
Cheshire is one of the western
counties in this state.
Its length
is 31 miles
its greatest breadth 26
miles and its least breadth 15. It
is bounded N. by the county of
Sullivan, E. by Hillsborough county, S. by the state of Massachu:
:
26,843, in 1830,
27,016.
It has 22 towns :— 39 inhabitants to a square mile.
Keene,
the chief town, is nearly in the
centre of the county, and lies in
N.
lat.
42°
57'.
Cliesliire,
Mass.
Berkshire co. Cheshire has rendered itself worthy of its name by
its production of cheese of fine flavor and quality.
In 1801, the good
people of this place sent a cheese
to Mr. Jefferson, weighing about
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
1200 pounds. The value of wool,
the growth of 1836, sold for $5,522.
The Hoosack river passes through
the town. Although a mountainous township, the soil has been
rendered productive by the industry
It has some manuof the people.
125
factures of leather and shoes.
miles W. N. W. from Boston, and
16 N. by E. from Lenox. Population, 1837, 924. Incorporated, 1793.
CliesliLre , Ct.
New Haven co. Taken from
Wallingford in 1780.
It lies 14
miles N. from New Haven, and 25
Population,
S. E. from Hartford.
The Quinnipiac river
1880, 1,780.
and Farmington canal pass through
Cheshire has an unthe town.
even, but good soil, with a very
pleasant village, and an Episcopal
academy, 54 by 34 feet; a brick
building of considerable taste. Agriculture is the chief occupation of
—
the inhabitants.
Cbester, Me.
none in the state. There are several large and valuable meadows. In
this town are two caves, sometimes
visited by strangers.
That which
was earliest noticed,
Mine hill, near the
situated in
east side of
is
Massabesick pond.
The entrance
about 5 feet high and 2 1-2 wide.
The cavern extends into the hill, in
a northern direction, about 80 feet,
of sufficient dimensions to admit a
person to pass. Its form is very irregular, and its height and breadth
various, from 2 to 12 feet. The other is in the westerly side of Rattlesnake hill, in the S. W. part of the
town, in a ledge of coarse granite,
It has two
nearly 40 feet high.
entrances.
The north entrance is
about 11 feet high and 4 broad.
Native sulphur is found in this town
in small quantities, imbedded in
Granite and gneiss are
tremolite.
the prevailing rocks, and handsome
specimens of graphic granite are
The village in
sometimes found.
this town is pleasant, and stands
chiefly on a long street.
It is the
is
Penobscot CO, Incorporated, 1834.
Population, 1837, 323.
See Bar-
principal place of business in this
part of the county, and is situated
nard, Me.
on an elevated rise, commanding
one of the most extensive prospects
From this hill,
in New England.
the ocean, though more than 20
Chester, X. H.,
Rockingham
co., is
17 miles
W.
S.
W.
from Exeter, 30 W. S. W. from
Portsmouth, 17 N. W. from Haverhill, and 23 S. E. from Concord.
A branch of Exeter river, called
"The Branch," flows through the
E. part of Chester, beside which
there is no stream deserving menMassabesick pond is the largtion.
est body of fresh water in the county, and contains about 1,500 acres.
N.
The
line between
Manchester passes
town and
more than 2
this
miles through the westerly part of
The Indians had a setthis pond.
tlement of 10 or 12 wigwams on an
island in this pond, vestiges of
it is said, may still be seen,
considerable portion of the town
possesses a good soil, and many of
the large swells yield in fertility to
which,
A
8*
miles distant, may, in a clear day,
Population,
be distinctly seen.
1830,2,039. Incorporated, 1722.
Cliester, Vt.
Windsor
First settled, 1764.
Population, 1830, 2,320.
Three
considerable streams form William's
river and give Chester a good water
power.
The land is uneven, but
fertile and productive.
This is a
very pleasant town, with two handsome villages, manufactures of various kinds, and about 10,000 sheep.
This is a great thoroughfare for travellers from the eastern part of New
England to the Hudson river, near
Troy, N. Y. The passage over the
Green
co.
JNIountains, from Chester to
is considered the best
Manchester,
�NEW ENGLAND
in
tliis
lies 16
part of the state.
Chester
miles S. S. W. from Wind-
79 S. from Montpelier, and
about 30 E. N. E. from Manchester.
sor,
Chester, Mass.
Hampden
co.
Thi^s is a mountainous township, but good for grazing.
In 1837, it had 3,720 sheep
their wool weighed 10,325 pounds,
and sold for $5,818.
There are
2 cotton mills in Chester, 3 tanneries, and a window blind foctory.
Total amount of manufactures, in
one year, $47,975.
Branches of
Westfield river pass through the
tov/n.
Incorporated, 1765,
Population, 1S37, 1,290.
115 miles W.
by S. from Boston, and 20 N. W.
from Springfield.
;
Chesterfield, N. H.,
Cheshire co., is 11 miles S. W.
from Keene, and 65 S. W. from
Concord. Few towns on Connecticut river have so little intervale
land.
For the whole six miles that
it lies upon the river, the hills approach near the river's side. There
much good
upland, well adapted
grazing and the production of
Indian corn.
The chief articles
is
for
carried to market are beef, pork,
butter and cheese.
Cat's Bane
brook is a stream of great importance, as it furnishes many mill seats.
SpafFord's lake is a beautiful collection of water, situated about one
mile N. from the meeting-house.
it contains a surface of about 526
acres.
It is fed by springs in its
bosom. Its waters are remarkably
clear and pure, its bed being a white
sand.
In this lake there is an island of about six acres, which forms
a delightful retreat.
On its E. side
issues a stream called Partridge's
brook, sutTiciently large to cai-ry
the machinery of a cotton factory,
saw-mills, &c.
West river mountain lies in this town and Hinsdale.
It
is
supposed
to
have been once
subject to a volcanic eruption, and
GAZETTEER.
there is at present a considerable
quantity of lava near its crater.
It
is said by those who live near the
mountain, that it frequently trembles, and a rumbling noise is heard
in its bowels.
Chesterfield has 3
villages.
The principal one, leading from Hartford to Hanover, is situated near the centre of the town,
and 3 miles E. from Connecticut river.
Here are several dwellinghouses, the meeting-house and a
flourishing academy, which was
opened Aug. 14, 1794. The first
settlement was made Nov. 25, 1761,
on the banks of the Connecticut, by
Moses Smith and William Thomas,
with their families.
od, the river afforded
At
that peri-
abundance of
shad and salmon, and the forests
were well stocked with deer, bears
and other game, so that the inhabexperience those privations so common in new settlements. Population, 1830, 2,040.
itants did not
Chesterfield, Mass.
A
Hampshire co.
township of
rough, elevated land, 97 miles W.
from Boston, and 11 V/. N. W. from
Northampton watered by a branch
of Westfield river.
It has a good
;
power, 1 woolen mill, 2 tansome curious minerals, and
a water course, worn very deep
through solid rock.
Population,
There were sheared
1837, 1,158.
Vv^ater
neries,
Chesterfield, in 1837,
7,100
sheep, producing 20,800 pounds of
noble
wool, valued at $12,480.
in
A
example.
Chesterville, Me.
Franklin
co.
W^ilson's
stream
passes through this town, and empties below the falls of Sandy river.
Incorporated,
First settled, 1782.
Population, 1837, 1,040.—
1802.
This is an excellent township of
land. It yielded, in 1837, 4,046
bushels of wheat. It lies about 24
miles N. E. from Augusta, and 12
N. E. from Farmins;ton.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
this
town,
Gay Head, in
yard.
of the island; it
is the south point
is
the sea, and is
the county of Piscataquis,
is 150 feet above
In
sheet of water through crowned with one of the five hghta lar-e
river passes
houses in this county.
which' the Penobscot
receives the Kahkoguamook
Gay Head is about 60 miles E
It also
Ihis
rivers.
E of Montauk, on Long Island,
and Umbazookskus
long and S and bears marks of having been
lake is about 25 miles
country around subject to volcanic eruptions. Ihe
miles wide. The
ot minfertile, and as
place abounds in specimens
this fine lake is very
wool
of geoloadapted to the growing of
erals worthy the notice
well
ot the
This part of the island is ingists.
and wheat as any portion
of the
is about
Its central point
habited by some descendants
elobe.
W. N. W. from Augusta. native Indians, who own part ot the
130 miles
Cliesuucoolc
Lialte,
Me.,
N
miles
co., is situated 8
Concord. It was granted
salt
manutac-
Gookin
was
Cliina,
e
the cultivator. There
any considerable
land, nor are there
The east part of the
elevations.
Suncook
town is watered by the
which affords its mill seats
is little
in-
Population,
corporated in
It lies 92 miles S. b.
700.
1S37,
Nantucket,
from Boston, 33 W. from
Bedford,
23 S E by S. from New
Edgarton.
S. W. by S. from
and 12
1714.
;
The
Chilmark was
sheep are kept.
20, 1727, to Nathaniel
was
others but the settlement
and
until 175S, when
not commenced
the woods.
Paul Morrill settled in
repays
ffood, and richly
soil is
May
some
is
about 7,000
tured at this place, and
Merrimack
E. from
There
lands.
Cliicliester, N. H.,
river,
intervale.—
and some productive
In variPopulation, 1830, 1,081.
the town are still to be
ous parts of
settlements
seen traces of Indian
;
Me.
Kennebec co. This is a townwhich proship of excellent land,
bushes of
in 1837, 12,953
duced,
la.ie,
is watered by a
wheat. China
Pond," a fine
or " Twelve Mile
Skaneminiature of the beautiful
New\or.v.
ateles,in the state of
into the
\t the outlet of this pond,
are excellent mill priv-
stone, chisels, Kennebec,
and implements of
the pond
frequently been ileges. On the bank of
axes. &c., have
once the is a very flourishing village, a steam
was
found. The vicinity
A vistribe, the saw-mill, and an academy.
residence of a powerful
Albion, Clinton,
plantations ot
to this place,
it
Penacooks, and their
neighboring
on the banks Dixmont, and the
corn, &c., were made
a doltowns, where wheat is worth
of the Suncook.
barn,
and a half a bushel in the
lar
Cliicltopee River, Mass.
against the ivestis a good specific
A trip from Boston to
Lei- ern fever.
river rises in Spencer,
This
back again may be perreceives the China and
cester and Paxton, and
number of hours
Broo*<- formed in the same
of Quaboag pond, in
waters
either ot the
it takes to go up
Warren. that
It passes through
field
miles, towards an unwaters canals 100
At Palmer it receives the and en- seen country. China lies 20 miles
and Swift rivers,
of Ware
from Augusta, 48 S. W. from
at the N. part N E.
ters the Connecticut
Boston. PopSouth Bano-or, and 138 from
from
S.
of Springfield, 7 miles
Hadley.
Cliilmark, Mass.
Dukes CO.
S.
and
W.
This town lies on the
part of Martha's Vine-
ulatfon, 1837, 2,641.
Chittenden County, Vt.
Burlington
This
county
is
is
the chief town.
bounded N. by
�NEW
ENiJLAND GAZETTEER,
Franklin county, E. by Washino-by Addison county
and W. by Champlain lake. Area'
500 square miles. Population, 182o'
16,055; 1830, 21,765.
Population
to a square mile, about
44.
ton county, S.
A
few settlements commenced in this
county before the revolution, but
they were all abandoned durinothe
war.
Incorporated, 1782.
vanes from rich
to
and
light
beautiful
Its soil
meadows
The
alluvial
sandy plains.
Champlain
washinoit great
western boundary gives
its
fa-
rivers are rich and luxuriant.
The
agricultural products are large
and
valuable.
The houses and buildings present a very favorable
appearance, and indicate the wealth
and prosperity of the town. In
this
town are a number of manufactories of cloth, paper,
leather, &c.
Claremont was granted in 1764.
In this town are "fine beds
of iron
ore and limestone.
It received
its name from the
country seat of
Lord Clive, an English
general.
Ihe
first
settlement
was made
in
cilities for trade to New
York and 1762, by Moses Spafford and
David
Canada. Its agricultural and manLynde. Many eminent men have
ufacturing products are considerresided in this town. The Hon.
Caable.
In IS37 there were in this leb
Ellis came to reside in
Clarecounty about 80,000 sheep.
La- inont about 1800. In
1804, he was
moille river passes through its N.W.
chosen a member of congress
from
corner, and Onion river pierces
its
this state
in 1S09 and ISIO, a memcentre. These streams, with severber of the executive council:
in
al others of smaller size,
afford the
1812, an elector of president and
county a good water power.
vice-president of the U. S. In
1813,
he was appointed judge of the
Cliittemleii, Vt.
;
su-
Rutland
in this
co.
town
lie
Most of the lands
on the Green moun-
Some of the branches of
river pass through it.
Near
the head of the Philadelphia branch,
so called, is a mineral spring,
said'
to contain some good
qualities.—
tains.
perior court, in
Manganese
oi an excellent quality
found here. In 1837 there were
in Chittenden about 700 people,
and
3,000 sheep.
About 12 miles N.
by E. from Rutland, and 40 N. by
E. from Montpelier.
Sullivan co., is 12 miles N. from
Charlestown, 8 W. from Newport
47 N. N. W. from Concord, and 97
W. N. W. from Portsmouth. This
town is watered by Connecticut and
summits.
on the
miles
from Boston, and 27 N.
from Lenox.
Incorpora-
W. by N.
by E.
ted, 1798.
hills are sloping
intervales
A
branch of Hoosick river passes through this
moun
tainous township.
It fies 125
Population, 1837, 386.
Clarksburghhas a small cotton mill,
5 saw mills, and 255 sheep.
crowned with elegant
The
soil is a gravelly loam,
with considerable alluvial meadow along
its
streams.
There are some manufacturing establishments in
Clai-ksbiirgli, Mass.
rivers,
besides numerous
brooks and rivulets.
Claremont is
a fine undulating tract of territory,
covered with a rich gravelly loam,'
converted into the best meadows'
The
ClarciitlcM, Vt.
Rutland CO. Otter creek. Mill
and Cold rivers and several
brooks
give this town good mill
privileges.
Here are good marble, a mineral
spring, and a curious cave.
The
Berkshire co.
Sugar
and pastures.
he re-
Clarenden, and about 13,000 sheep.
Pop.
ulafion, J.S30, 1,585. It lies 55
miles
S. from Montpelier, and
7 S. from
Rutland.
Claremont, N. H.,
acclivities,
office
mained till his death. May 9,
1816,
aged 49. Population, 1830, 2,526.'
White
is
which
,
�NEW ENGLAND
GAZETTEER.
have only to add that Cape Cod light
42° 2' 22"; W. Ion
i> in N. lat.
Clarksville, N. H.
This town was incorporated in 70^ 4' 22".
It liad before that lime borne
1S32.
Cape Cod bay is in Massachuthe name of tlie First College setts bay, and is formed by the half
Grant. It was granted to the trus- extended arm of the cape. See
tees of Dartmouth Coileoe, Feb. 5, Barnstable county.
It contains 40,li60 acres, and
17S9.
Colxasset, Mass.
river, in
is situated on Connecticut
Coos county, N. of Stewartstown.
town on MassaNorfolk CO.
88.
Its population, in 1830, was
chusetts bay, noted for its rocky
6
coast and numerous shipwrecks.
Clintou, Me.
miles E. from Hingham, 20 E. by
Kennebec co. This iine town- S. from Dedham, and about 16 SIncorship is hounded on the E. by Ken- E. from Boston, by water.
A
nebec river. The Seba-iicook passes through the town, and, at the
great
falls on that river, ahords it a
It has a neat and
hydraulic power.
pleasant village on the bank of the
manufactures,
Sebasticook, fome
and large agricultural products. In
1837 this town produced a considerable quantity of wool, and 10,807
Incorporated,
bushels of wheat.
1837, 2,642.
Population,
1795.
Clinton lies 24 miles N. by E. from
Augusta, and about 12 S. by E.
fiom Skowhegan.
Cobbessecontee "Waters, Me.
The pond is a fine sheet of walying
ter,
VV.
of Hallowell,
and
connected with smaller ponds in
Monmouth, Winthrop, Readfield,
The outlet
and Mount Vernon.
same
of the pond is a river of the
into a beautisee on the stage road
and empties into the
name, which passes
ful
pond
we
Richmond,
Kennebec
at
Gardiner.
m
These wa-
power,
ters afford a great hydraulic
an abundance of fish, and much delightful scenery.
Cobscook Bay, Me.
A
large bay, the recipient of a
number of large ponds, on the S.
W. side of Eastport, in Passamaquoddy bay. See Eastport.
Coa, Cape and Eay.
Having brietly described this
cape, under Barnstable county, we
porated,
1770.
Population,
1837,
This place has about 40 sail
of merchant, coasting and fishing
vessels, and a large tide-water powCob asset has become a great
er.
resort for citizens and strangers, in
summer months, to enjoy the maand
rine scenery, exhilarating air,
JVaall those pleasures for which
The value of
hajit is celebrated.
the fisheries, for the year ending
April 1, 1837, was $75,536. The
value of salt, vessels, boots, shoes,
and wooden ware manufactured,
1,331.
was $35,920.
Colcliester, Vt.,
Chittenden CO., is pleasantly situated at the head of a bay on the
E. side of lake Champlain, 36 miles
N. W. from Montpclier, and 6 N.
from Burlington. This town is well
watered by Onion river, and some
Colchester has
smaller streams.
some good and some poor land, some
trade on the lake, and about 4,000
First settled by Gen. Ira
sheep.
Allen, in 1774. Population, 1830,
1,489.
Colcliester, Ct.
New
London co. This is a pleatown the site of Bacon academy. It lies 20 miles N. W. from
sant
;
London, and 23 S. E. from
Hartford. First settled, 1701. PopThe surface
ulation, 1830, 2,068.
of the town is uneven, with a strong
New
�NEW ENGLAND
gravelly soil.
is found here.
Excellent iron ore
GAZETTEER.
a watchful guard over the
Devil^
the old black bull, who has done so
much hurt of late. All perceived
the wisdom and fitness of Mr. Bulkley's advice, and resolved to be
gov-
Rev. John Bulkley, a grandson
of president Chauncy, was the
first
settled minister in this place.
Mr.
Bulkley was a very distinguished
scholar.
He died in 1731. He
published a curious treatise, in
vvhich he contended that the
Indians had nojust claims to any lands
erned by
all
improved by their own
labor.
afflicted
told in
church."
Coletorook, N. H.,
an old book.
is
The consequence was,
animosities subsided, and
harmony was restored to the long
but such as they had subdued and
following story
it.
the
The
Coos CO., on Connecticut river
about 35 miles N. of Lancaster.
It
" The Rev. Mr. Bulkley of Colchester, Conn., was famous in his
day as a casuist and sage counsel-
watered by the Mohawk river
and Beaver brook. The soil here
is rich, and capable
of culture.
Inlor.
church in his neighborhood tervales of
good quality stretch
had fallen into unhappy divisions along
the Connecticut.
Colebrook
and contentions, which they were
was originally granted to Sir George
unable to adjust among themselves.
Colebrook
They deputed one of their number corporated and others, and was inDec. 1, 1790. There is
to the venerable Bulkley,
for his an academy in this
town, incorposervices, with a request that he
rated in 1833.
Population, 1830,
would send it to them in writing. 542.
The matters were taken into serious
consideration, and the advice, with
Colebrook, Ct.
much deliberation, committed to
Litchfield CO. An elevated townwriting.
It so happened, that Mr.
ship of a hard gravelly soil and
unBulkley had a farm in an extreme
even surface, on the line of Maspart of the town, upon which
he sachusetts 31 miles N. W.
from
entrusted a tenant.
In superscrib- Hartford, and 18
N. E. from Litching the two letters, the one for the
field.
The eastern part of the town
church was directed to the tenant,
is watered by Farmington
river.
and the one for the tenant to the
Here are a number of good mill
church. The church was convenseats, and a manufactory of
broaded to hear the advice which was to
cloth.
The village is very pleasettle all their disputes.
The mod- sant, having Mount Pisgah
in the
erator read as
IS
A
i
I
;
follows : You will see
to the repair of the fences, that they
be built high and strong, and you
loill take special care
of the old
black bull.
This mystical advice
puzzled the church at first, but an
interpreter
among
the
more
dis-
cerning ones was soon found, who
said, Brethren, this is the very
advice we most need ; the directions
to repair the fences is to admonish
us to take good heed in the admission and government of our members we must guard the church
by our Master's laws, and keep out
strange cattle from the fold. And
:
we must
in a particular
manner
set
rear.
First settled,
lation, 1830, 1,332.
1765.
Popu-
Coleraine, Mass.
Franklin co. This town was first
settled by a colony from the
north
of Ireland, about the j'^ear 1736.
It
lies 105 miles N. W. from
Boston
and 9 N. W. from Greenfield. It
IS watered by a branch of
Deerfield
river, which produces a water
power for 3 cotton mills and
several
other manufactories. The manufactures consist of cotton goods,
iron
castings, leather, hats, chairs,
cabinet ware, ploughs, spades, shovels,
forks,
and hoes
j
total
valucj in one
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
for the instruction
He removed his
of Indian youth.
family and pupils to Hanover, N.
H., in the autumn of 1770. The
opened a school
This is a fine graztownship, and produced, in
1837, 16,123 pounds of wool, valued at $9,133, the fleeces of 5,754
Population, 1837, 1,998.
sheep.
year, $91,000.
ins;
snow was very deep, and Hanover
" Sometimes
was a wilderness.
Colleges in Ne^v England.
standing in the open
air, at
the head
of his numerous fami'ly, Dr. Wheelock presented to God their mornthe suring and evening prayers
rounding forests, for the first time,
reverberated the solemn sounds of
See Register.
Colmu'bia, Me.
:
Washington co. At the head of
tide water, on the W. side of PleaIt is a very large townsant river.
ship, well provided with mill seats,
and was settled soon after the revIt lies 15 miles W.
olutionary war.
from Machias, and 120 E. by N.
from Augusta. Columbia has con-
siderable trade, particularly in lumPopulation, 1837, 793.
ber.
Colimiljia,
IV.
H.,
In the county of Coos, lies on the
E. bank of Connecticut river, 30
miles N. of Lancaster, and 147 N.
The surface of the
of Concord.
town is quite uneven, the mountains of Stratford lying along the
S. From these a number of streams
descend north-westerly into the
Connecticut, furnishing many fine
mill seats.
There arc
also several
small ponds in town. On the borders of one, called Lime pond, vast
quantities of shells are found, from
which a species of lime is made
answers for some uses. It
was incorporated 1797. Population,
that
1830, 442.
Colimi'bia, Ct.
Tolland co. Taken from LebaIt is 22 miles E. from
non, in 1800.
Hartford, and about 14 S. by E.
Population, 1830,
from Tolland.
Columbia is watered by a
branch of the Willimantic, and has
a satinet factory, and other ope962.
rations
by water.
The
surface
is
the soil hard and gravelly,
In this
but excellent for grazing.
place, about the year 1741, the Rev.
Dr. Eleazar Wheelock, the first
president of Dartmouth College,
uneven
;
supplication ajid praise." This good
man died in 1779, aged 69.
Concord, Me.
Somerset
co.
Incorporated
in
1821. Population, 1837, 524. Concord lies on the V*'. side of Kennebec river, 55 miles N. from Augusta, and about 20 N. from Norridgewock. This is a good township,
and produced, in 1837, 3,121 bushels of wheat.
Concoi'd, W. H.,
capitolof the state, and shire
of the county of Merrimack.
It lies on both sides of the INIerrimack river, in N. lat. 43° 12' 29",
The
town
W. Ion. 71° 29'; and is 146
miles S. W. from Augusta, Me.
97 S. E. from Montpelier, Vt.; 153
N. E. from Albany, N. Y. 65 N.
N. W. from Boston, Mass. 103 N.
from Providence, R. I. ; 139 N. N.
E. from Hartford, Conn., and 474
N. E. by E. from Washington.
There are five ponds in Concord,
the largest of which are Turkey, in
the S. W., and Long pond in the
N. W. parts of the town, on the
streams passing from which are
some valuable mills and privileges.
The Contoocook river enters the W.
corner of the town, and uniting
with the Merrimack on the N. W.
line, forms at its junction the celebrated Buston's Island. On the
borders of the Merrimack, which
is the principal river of this region,
are rich intervale lands, highly valued by the inhabitants, and well
Soon after «nt6ring
cultivated.
and
;
;
�NEW ENGLAND
Concord, the river passes over Sewor rapids, below which is
Sewall's island. Fro:a thence the
river has no natural obstruction until it reaches the falls at the S. E.
extremity of the town, where is a
fill's falls,
water power, now owned by the
Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, almost sufficient to move the
machinery of another Lowell.
Locks are here constructed, and
navigation by boats lias been open
since 1815 during the boating seasou, adding much to the business and
importance of the place. The river is aliout 100 yards wide opposite
the town
but during the great
;
freshets which sometimes occur
here, the river rises 20 feet above
the ordinary level, presenting to
the eye a body of water a niilc in
width. There are two handsome
bridges thrown across the river.
The principal village, and seat
of most of the business of the town,
is on the western side of llie river,
extending nearly two miles between
the two bridges
and is one of the
most healthy and pleasantly situated villages in Ncav England. The
state house, state prison and court
Louse, and five very comn:iodiou3
and handsome structures for public
worship, are in this village. The
state house occupies a beautiful site
in the centre of the village, and is
;
GAZETTEER.
will create a vast and valuable wapower at this village, that must
ultimately prove of immense imter
portance to the town.
Another
handsome village has grown up iu
the west part of the town.
The
intercourse with Lowell and Boston,
by way of the canal on the Merrimack, has been open since 1815,
and a very large amount of business in freights has been tlone on
The Concord rail-road,
the river.
to connect with the Lowell railroad, has also been sui-veyed, and
will doubtless soon be put in progress.
This is a link in the great
chain of noithern lailways, which
must ultimately extend fiom Boston
to connect with the western waters
at the outlet of lake Ontario.
The
importance of extending the railroad to the heart of New Hampsliire has by no means been fully
estimated by the public.
Concord
is the great thoroughfai-e for travellers from the north, and the freight
by horses and baggage wagons is
immense.
The
roil
of this
town
is
gcnei'al-
and the intervales very
productive.
Large masses of gianite suitable for the purposes of building exist here, the most important of
ly good,
The J\'ew Hampshire
name by which in an act of
incorporation an immense mass of
which
Ledge,
is
a
constructed of hewn granite.
It is
126 feet in length, 49 in width, 50
feet of the centre of the buildinghaving a projection of 4 feet on
granite in the N.W. part of the tow^n
has been designated. This ledge is
situated about 1 1-2 miles N. ^V of
the state house, and about 200 rods
each front.
It rises two stories
above the basement. The height
from the ground to the eagle on the
distant froni
top of the cupola is 120 feet.
The
cost of the building and append:iThe state prison is
ges, $80,000.
also a solid structure of nmssive
granite.
On the east side of the
river is the second principal village,
where the Sewall's f alls Locks and
Canal Company, recently chartered,
their
have commenced
works,
which, by taking the waters of the
river in a canal from Sewall's falls,
.
Merrimack
river, which
navigable to (his place with boats.
The course of the ledge is from N.
E. to S. W. and its rise about 45°
fiom a plane of the horizon, and its
height about 350 feet.
It pjesents
a suiface of massive
primitive
granite, of uiore than 4,500 square
is
The rift of this stone is very
perfect, smooth and regular; splits
are easily made to the depth of 12
rotls.
20 feet, and of almost any required length. And unlike much
of the building stone now in the
to
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
it has been ascertained by
a recent examination (made by Mr.
A. H. Hayes, of Roxbury, Mass.,
market,
and
other eminent
chemists and
geologists,) that the stone from this
quarry is perfectly free from those
oxides, or other mineral substances,
which on exposure to the atmosphere, mar the beauty of much of
This
England granite.
the
stone quarries easily ; the great elevation and dip of the ledge, and its
proximity to the river, giving it facilities of working and transportation,
it is believed unequalled. From the
base of the ledge to the bank of the
New
name
of Rumford, which name
retained until 7th June, 1765,
when the town was incorporated
by its present name. This town
suffered much from incursions of
the savages. Several of the inhab-
it
were
itants
into
killed,
captivity,
and
otiier?
taken
between the years
1740 and 1750. The manufactures
of Concord are numerous and viluable.
They consist of books, furniture of all kinds, boots, aiioe?,
granite, lumber, and a variety oi
other articles.
The manufacture
of books is very extensive, and annually increasing.
Population in 1775, 1,052 ; in 17S0,
Merrimack, a rail-way is contemplated, the proprietors of the ledge 1,747; in ISOO, 2,052; in ISIO,
having already obtained a charter 2,393 in 1820, 2,838 and in 1830,
for that purpose.
As the great fa- 3,727. The present population is
cility of transportation by way of between 4 and 5 thousand.
Among the early inhabitants and
the river to the markets, becomes
known, together with the fact, that distinguished citizens of this town,
the upward freight would, during a may t)e mentioned the following
great portion of the j'ear, go far
Hon. Timothy Walker, son
towards remunerating the cost of of the first minister of Concord, an
ti-nnsportation of this stone to the active patriot during the revolution,
seaboard the situation, extent, and member of the convention of 1784,
value of this quarry will be seen a legislator, and judge of the comand appreciated. On several large mon pleas. He died May 5, 1822,
perpendicular faces of the ledge, aged 85.
protected by shelving rocks from
Dr, Philip Carrigaik, an
vegetable stains, but exposed for eminent physician, who died iu
ages perhaps to the atmosphere, the 1806,
stone is found to be entirely free
Hon. Thot-ias W, Tkompsox,
from any coloring or stain, preserv- a distinguished lawyer and politiing its natural color.
The amount cian, who died 1 Oct., 1S21, aged
of the whole mass, when wrought, 57.
can scarcely be estimated.
This
Sir
Ben-jamin Thompson
representation is derived from gen- (known to the world as Coun^t
tlemen of Concord not at all in- Rumford) settled and married
terested in the quarry, and is here here in early life.
given, with the sole qualification,
Joii:\' Fart.ier, Esq,, an eminthat if the quality of the stone is as ent antiquary and genealogist, repure as is stated, there is no danger sided here for the last seventeen
of over-estimating the value of the years of his life, and died 13 Aug.,
quarry.
specimen of this granite 1838, aged 49. Mr. Farmer's health
is with the editor for examination.
was always exceedingly delicate
Concord, originally called Pena- he therefore, partly of necessity and
cook, was granted by Massachu- partly of clioice, adopted a very
setts to a company of settlers, 17th sedentary roode of life.
He colJan., 1725, and the settlement began lected around him books of ancient
the year following.
In 1733, the date gathered together earlj'^ recplantation was incorporated by the ords of towns notices of the first
;
;
:
—
A
:
—
9
—
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
settlers
—
the country inquired
names, ages, characters,
of
into the
and deaths of distinguished men of
every profession entered into extensive correspondence with men
v/ho might be able to furnish him
with facts rehitive to the subjects of
his inquiry.
In short, Mr. Farmer
—
known as an Antiquarian, distinguisiied far beyond
soon became
fellow
his
al!
knowledge of
for exact
and events rel-
citizens,
facts
New
ative to the history of
England.
His mind was a wonderful
repository of names and dates and
particular incidents, not stored up
indeed for private gratiiication, but
always open for the benefit of othSo general and well established was his reputation for accuracy,
er?.
that his authority was relied on, as
decisive in historical and genealogical facts.
Feelings of personal attachment
and obligations for numerous invaluable tokens of friendship, received
editor, v/ould seem to require
a full length portrait of the character of this distinguished man and
estimable christian even in a work
of this kind ; and it should be given, had not an abler pen performed
that act of justice.
See American
by the
—
Quarterly Register.
Coiicord, Vt.
Essex
First
17SS.
the
Vv\ side of Connecticut river: 38
miles E. by N. from Montpelier,
and 18 S. V/. from Guildhall. Moose
river, a branch of the Passumpsic,
waters the north part of the town.
Hall's and Mile ponds are beautiful sheets of water, and afford a
variety of fish. The soil of the town
is pretty good, and keeps about 3,000
CO.
Population,
1830,
settled,
l,Ora.
On
sheep.
Co5icor«3, Mass.
One
of the
cliief
towns of Mid-
This town is situdlesex county.
ated on the river of the same name,
17 miles W. N. W. from Boston,
14 S. S. W. from Lowell, and 30 E.
N. £. from "Worcester, incorpo1635.
Population,
rated,
1820,
1,788
1837,2,023. This town was
the first inland settlement in the
colony of Massachusetts Bay. The
township was originally six miles
square, and derives its name from
the harmony in which it was purchased of the natives.
Its Indian
5
Musketaquid. It took an
active part in the prosecution of the
war against king Philip, in 1675-6,
and in April of the latter j'^ear, 10
or 12 of its citizens were killed, in
the attack made by the Indians on
the neighboring town of Sudbury.
title viTd.s
The general court has frequently
held its sessions in this town, and
in the year 1774 the provincial congress selected
On
meeting.
it
as their place of
the
li)th of April,
1775, a detachment of Bi'itish troops,
sent X3ut by Gen. Gage for the purpose of seizing a quantity of military stores which were deposited
here by the province, were met at
the North bridge by the citizens of
Concord and the neighboring towns,
and forcibly repulsed. It was at
this spot that the first regular and
effectual resistance was made, and
the first British life was taken, in
the war of the revolution.
The
graves of two of the British soldiers,
who Vfere killed at this place, are
still
marked, and a suitable monu-
ment
is erected near the site of the
bridge, to commemorate the event.
The monument is of granite, in the
form of an obelisk ; its height about
25 feet; the base, which is square,
is a large block 5 1-2 feet broad,
and about 3 in height. On the west
side of the next block, is inlaid a
i'lab of white
Italian marble, on
which is engraved the following in-
scription
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER^
consist of cotton goodSj satinet and
flannel, hoots, shoes, hats, ploughs,
Here,
On the
19th of April,
)77o,
Was made
The first forcible resistance
To British aggression.
On the opposite Bank,
lead pipe, chairs and cabinet ware.
value, in one year, exclusive of cotton goods, amounted to
The whole
$156,012.
Stood the American Militia.
Concord River.
Here stood the invading Array,
And on
this spot
of the enemy fell
In the War of that Revolution
Which gave
The
first
Independence
To
these United States,
And
In the love of freedom,
This Monument
Was erected
A. D. 1836.
of
:
'.-
In gratitude to God,
The manufactures
This river is formed by the union
Assabet and Sudbury rivers at
Concord after passing through the
towns of Bedford, Billerica, and
Chelmsford, it fails into the Merrimack between Lowell and Tewk?bury. This river furnishestheM'
dlesex canal with most of its ,> ..-
of
Concord
C5j-'i2'<
ters.
Counaiiicut Island*
See Jamestown, R.
I.
iTiCiCT.
-is bounded N. by ^Massachusetts, E. by Rhode Island,
Situated between
by Lung Island Sound, and W, by New York.
40° 58' and 42° 1' N. lat. and 72° 37' and 71° 43' W. Ion.
This state
S.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The
territory of Connecticut
The colony
and A''ew Haven.
was formerly two
Connecticut
colonies
was planted by
of Connecticut
citizens
of Massachusetts, at Windsor, in 1633, and at Hartford and Wethersfield,
The colony
in 1635 and 1636.
men,
till
was
settled
by English-
This charter was the basis of the gov-
granted by Charles the Second.
ernment
New Haven
of
In 1665, the two colomes were united by a charter
in 1638.
1818,
when
the present constitution
was formed.
The executive power of this State is vested in a Governor, and a Lieutenant-Governor, who is also President of the Senate.
The legislative power is vested in a Senate and a House of RepresenThe Senate
tatives, which together are called T7i,e General Jtssemhiy.
lowns may choose two Representatives
;
the others one each.
All the
Monday
of April.
above are elected annually by the people on the
The General Assembly has one
first Wednesday in May.
first
commencing
stated session in each year,
on the
the years of even numbers at
Most of the
more than 24 members.
consists of not less than 18 and not
These
New
sessions are held alternately, in
Haven, and in the years
of odd
num-
bers at Hartford.
The electors
who have
age,
are
the
all
white male citizens, of twenty-one years of
resided in the
town
in
which they vote
months next
six
preceding, and have a freehold estate of the value of seven dollars
who have performed
previous to the voting
Those
voting.
;
or
regular military duty in said town for one year next
;
or
who shall have
paid a tax within a year of his
entitled to be electors, before voting
must be qualified by
taking the oath prescribed by law.
No
person
one he
port.
is
is
liable
He may
obliged to join any religious society
by law
to
;
but having joined
pay his proportion of the charges
separate himself from such society
for its sup-
by leaving with the
clerk thereof notice of his determination to close his connextion with
them.
The
judicial
department of the government embraces the Supreme
Court of Errors, the Superior Court, a County Court in each county, a
City Court in each city, a Court of Probate in each probate
as in other states in
New
district,
and
England, an indefinite number of Justices of
the Peace in each county.
The Supreme Court
pointed
of Errors
consists of five
by the General Assembly, and hold
behavior, but not after seventy years of age.
Judges,
who
are ap-
their offices during good
They
are
subject to re-
moval by impeachment, and by the Governor, on the address of two thirds
of the members of each House of the General Assembly.
This court
has
final
and exclusive jurisdiction of writs of error, brought
to revise
the judgment on decrees of the Superior Court, in law or equity, wherein
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the errors complained of appear from the
term
in
Though
each county annually.
nizance only of writs of error, yet, as
all
the
It holds
and records.
files
this
one
body, as a court, has cog-
members
are Judges of the
Superior Court, a convenient opportunity is afforded, while they are
thus assembled, for hearing argumencs on motions for new trials and cases
stated.
The
These, of course, occupy a considerable portion of the term
them are given by waj?^ of advice to
opinions of the Judges upon
the Superior Court, in
which the cases
are respectively pending.
This
being understood as settling the law.
is always followed, it
Judge of the Superior Court of Errors, designated by that court
the purpose, constitutes the Superior Court; two terms of which are
advice
A
for
This court has cognizance of
held in each county annually.
civil actions
law brought by appeal from the County, City, and Probate Courts,
and of suits for relief in chancery, wherein the value of the matter in
at
demand exceeds $335.
In criminal causes
it
has exclusive jurisdiction
of Oifences punishable with death or imprisonment for
rent with the
County Courts, of
Peace.
of the
jurisdiction of the Justices
and of
for divorce,
petitions for
new
and, concur-
It
has also cognizance of
;
of
of scire facias, audita querela, and
v.'rits
trials relative
;
decisions of inferior tribunals
writs of error brought to revise the
petitions
life
other offences not committed to the
all
matters in or issuing from the court.
to
In capital cases, the Judge holding the court
is to call to
his
assistance
one or more of the other Judges.
The County Courts
Judges,
who
Chief Judge and two Associate
This
consist of one
are appointed
annually by the General Assembly.
court has original jurisdiction of
all
civil
actions at law,
wherein the
value of the matter in demand exceeds $35, and appellate jurisdiction
It has
of all such actions wherein the value in demand exceeds $7.
also original
and
final jurisdiction of suits for relief in equity,
demand does not exceed ,$335, except
judgment rendered on a cause depending at law
the value in
a
wherein
suits for relief against
in the Superior
Court.
In criminal jurisdiction,
it
has cognizance of
all
ofTences above the
jurisdiction of a Justice of the Peace, and not exclusively within that
of the Superior Court.
It is also
vested with powers relative to the
granting licences, the appointment of
laying out of roads,
survey-
ors, &.C.
Justices of the Peace have cognizance of
nature, wherein the value in
offences and crimes punishable
onment not exceeding
In each of the six
demand does
by
fine not
all
actions at
law of a
civil
not exceed .$35, and of
exceeding
i^l, or
all
by impris-
thirty days, or both.
cities
— Hartford,
9#
New
Haven,
New
London, Nor-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
"
wich, Middletown, and Bridgeport— there is a City Court, consisting of
Mayor and two senior Aldermen, having cognizance of all civil
the
wherein the
actions
of land
title
is
not concerned.
Succession of Governors since the Union of the Colonies under
the Charter in 1G65.
John Winthrop, 1665—1676.
Treat, 1683-1693.
Fitz-John
William Leet, 1676—1683.
Winthrop, 169S— 1707.
Robert
Gurdon Sal-
1708—1724.
Joseph Talcott, 1725—1741.
Jonathan Law,
Roger Wolcott, 1751—1754. Thomas Filch, 1754—1766.
William Pitkin, 1766—1769.
Jonathan Trumbull, 1769—1784. Matthew Griswold, 1734—1786. Samuel Huntington, 1786—1795. Oliver
Wolcott, 1796,1797. Jonathan Trumbull, 1798-1809. John Treadwell,
1809—1811. Roger Griswold, 1811, 1812. John Cotton Smith, 1813—
1817.
Oliver Wolcott, 1317—1827.
Gideon Tomlinson, 1827—1831.
John S. Peters, 1831—1833. Henry \V. Edwards, 1833, 1834. Samuel
A. Foot, 1834—1836. Henry W. Edv/ards, 1836—1839. William W.
tonstall,
1742—1751.
Ellsworth,
1839—
Succession of Chief Justices.
Eliphalet Dyer, 1789—1793.
Andrew
Richard Law, 1785—1789.
Adams, 1793—1797. Jesse Root, 1798-1807. Stephen M. Mitchell,
1807—1814.
Tapping Reeve, 1814, 1815.
Stephen T. Hosmer, 1819—1833.
1319.
Thomas
S.
WilUams, 1835—
Connecticut
New
Haven,
is
divided into the eight following counties
New
The
and Tolland.
valleys.
Zephaniah Swift, 1815—
David Daggett, 1833—1835.
— Hartford,
London, Fairfield, Windham, Litchfield, Middlesex,
face of the state
In general
it is
so
greatly diversified
is
by
hills
exceeding undulating or uneven, as
sent an everchanging variety of objects.
the north, which terminate near
New
The ranges
Haven,
and
to pre-
of mountains from
are not remarkable for their
is finely watered by the noble river
name, by the Thames, Housa'.^nick, NaugaThe soil varies from a gravelly loam
tuck, and other smaller streams.
elevation in this state.
fi-om
which
on the
former
it
derives
hills, to a rich
is
Connecticut
its
and exceedingly
more particularly adapted
lands, in possession of an industrious
abundance,
all
The mineral
class of
the varieties of products
resources of the
state are
freemen, yield,
common
to a
celebrated.
These
in
The mineral waters
at
;
great
northern climate.
not yet fully developed
iron and copper ores of excellent qualities are found
marble and freestone.
The
fertile alluvial in the valleys.
to grazing, the latter to tillage.
;
but
also, lead, cobalt,
Siaffbrd
are the
most
Manufacturing establishments are scattered over the state.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
on
its
numerous delightful streams
trade, and
fisheries,
;
and foreign commerce, the coasting
enjoy an enviable position on the waters of Long
Island Sound.
Blessed with a salubrious climate and
Connecticut probably enjoy as
of
Her
any part of the
human
her domain
not extensive, no Atlantic
is
family.
fertile
much
country, the
happiness as
population
is
state
always
is
full,
has sent so
children, or so large a share of intellectual wealth,
people
allotted
to
and although
many
to the
of her
western
country, as Connecticut.
If the
love
of liberty, literature
and the
arts,
moral worth has an asylum on earth, Connecticut
to
be found within her bosom.
Connecticut River.
feeling and
boast that
it is
of Queechy, just below the
mouth of Waterqueechy river the
White river falls, below Hanover,
and the Fifteen Mile Falls, in N. H.
and Vt.; the falls at Montague and
falls
;
head, north of latitude 45°, it falls
Long Island Sound, in latitude
41° 16'. The breadth of this river,
at its entrance into Vermont, is
about 150 feet, and in its course of
60 miles it increases to about 390
feet.
In Massachusetts and Connecticut, its breadth may be estimated from 450 to 1,050 feet. It is
navigable to Hartford, 45 miles, for
vessels of considerable burthen, and
to Middletown, 30 miles from the
sea, for vessels drawing 12 feet of
water. By means of canals and other improvements, it has been made
navigable for boats to Fifteen Mile
Falls, nearly 250 miles above Hartford.
The most considerable rapids
in this river, are Bellows' Falls, the
into
may
See Register.
This beautiful river, the Quonektacut of the Indians, and the pride
of the Yankees, has it sources in
New Hampshire and the mountainous tracts in Lower Canada. Its
name in the Indian language is said
to signify Long River, or, as some
render it, River of Pines.
Its
general course is north and south.
After foi-ming the boundary line
between New Hampshire and Vermont, it crosses the western part of
Massachusetts, passes the slate of
Connecticut, nearly in its centre
and, after a fall of 1,600 feet, from
its
of social
;
—
South Hadley, in Mass., and the
Enfield, in Ct., where it
The perpentide water.
dicular height of the falls which
falls
at
meets the
have been overcome by dams and
locks
between Springfield, in Mass.,
in N. H., a distance
and Hanover,
Bars of
is 240 feet.
sand and gravel extend across this
river in various places, over which
boats with difficulty pass in low
The most important tribuwater.
taries to the Connecticut, in New
of 130 miles,
Hampshire, are Upper and Lower
Amonoosuck, Israel's, John's, Mascomy, Sugar, and Ashuelot rivers:
in Vermont, Nulhegan,Passumpsic,
Wells, Wait's, Ompomponoosuck,
W^hite, Waterqueechy, Black, Williams, Sexton's, and West rivers
:
in
Massachusetts,
field,
Agawam,
V/estfield rivers
;
DeerChickopee, and
and the FarmingMiller's,
ton, in Connecticut.
The intervales are generally
spread upon one or both sides of the
river, nearly on a level with its
banks, and extending from half a
mile to five miles in breadth ; but
its borders are in some places high.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
1-ocky
and
spring
it
In the
banks, antl,
through its winding course of" nearly
400 miles, forms and fertilizes a
In point
vast tract of rich meadow.
of length, utility, and beauty, this
river forms a distinguished feature
of New England.
Large quantities of shad are taken
in this river, but the salmon, which
lormerly were very plenty, have
entirely disappeared.
Connecticut
river passes through a basin or valley of about 12,000 square miles
it is decorated, on each side, with
towns and villages of superior
beauty, and presents to the eye a
wonderful variety of enchantingscenery.
Con-ivay, N. H.,
precipitous.
overflows
its
;
Connecticut
laalce,
The source of one of the principal branches of Connecticut river,
is situated in latitude 4.5° 2' ; and is
5 1-2 miles in length, and 2 1-2 in
width.
It is supplied by several
small streams, rising in the highlands north of the lake.
Contoocook River, W.
II.,
Carroll co., on Saco river, is 72
miles N. N. E. from Concord, 60
N. by W. from Dover,and 57 N. W.
from Portland, Me. Swift river, a
considerable and very rapid stream,
Pequawkett river, and a stream taking its rise in Walker's pond, the
two
last
affording mill
privileges,
discharge themselves into Saco river in this town.
Saco river here is
from 10 to 12 rods wide, and about
2 feet deep ; its current rapid and
broken by falls.
This river has
been known to rise 27 and even
.30 feet in the course of 24 hours.
The largest collections of v/ater in
Conway are a part of Walker's
pond, and Little Pequawkett pond,
which lie in the south part of the
town. There is a detached block
of granite on the southern side of
Pine hill, the largest perhaps in the
state.
spring near the centre of
the town,on the bank of Cold brook,
strongly impregnated with sulphur,
has been viLsited frequently by the
infirm, and in many instances found
A
There are also in this
town large quantities of magnesia
beneficial.
A stream of considerable length and fuller's earth. The intervale
and importance, waters most of the
along the river is from 50 to 220
towns in the W. part of the county
rods wide.
The plain, when propof Hillsborough.
It has its origin
produces large
erly
cultivated,
from several ponds in JafFrey and
crops of corn and rye.
Conway is
Rindge, and in its course north requite a resort for travellers from the
ceives numerous streams from Dubeast and south to the White Mounlin,
Peterborough, Sharon, Neltains.
From Conway village to
son, Stoddard, Vv'ashington, Antrim,
Crawford's house, at the Notch, is
Deering, and Hillsborough.
In 34 miles N. W. Daniel Foster, in
Hillsborough it takes a N. E. and
1765, obtained a grant of this towneasterly direction, and proceeds
ship, containing 21,040 acres, on
through Henniker to Hopkinton,
condition that each grantee should
where it receives Warner and Black- pay
a rent of one ear of Indian corn
water rivers.
From Hopkinton, annually for the space of ten years,
it pursues a
meandering course if demanded. Pop. IbSO, 1,601.
through Concord, and discharges
Con^tvay, Mass.
itself into the Merrimack between
Concord and Boscawen. Near the
Franklin co. This town is dividmouth of this river is Dustoti's ed from Shelburne, on the north,
Island, celebrated as the spot where by Deerfield river. It lies 100 miles
Mrs. Duston destroyed several In- W. by N. from Boston, and 7 S. W.
dians, in
from Greenfield.
Incorporated,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
A
Population, 1837, 1,4-15.
1767.
tributary of Deerfield river passes
The manuits northern border.
factures of Conway consist of cotton
and woolen goods, leather, boots,
shoes, hats, chairs and cabinet
Total amount, year ending;
ware.
and Kilkenny; Pilot and Mill mountains in Stark
Cape Horn in Northumberland, and Pondicherry, S. W.
;
of JeiFerson, are all of considerable
magnitude, and partake of the grandeur of the While Hills. In the
neighborliood of high mountains are
April 1, 1837, $22,475. The value generally found the ioupces of our
of wool grown, the same j'car, was greater rivers.
Three of the prinEngland, the
^5,072, comprising 4,830 fleeces, cipal rivers of
weighing 14,490 pounds.
Connecticut, Androscoggin and Saco, take their rise in this county.
Cooper, Me.
There are numerous other streams
Washington co. Denny's river, which become tributary to these
emptying into Meddybemps lake, rivers, the principal of which are
and both discharging into the river the Mohawk, Amonoo-uck, Israel's
St. Croix at Baring, water the north and John's rivers.
The Margallapart of this town.
It lies 164 miles way, after receiving the waters of
E. N. E. from Augusta, and about Dead and Diamond rivers, unites
Popu- with the Androscoggin, near Um3fi miles N. from Machias.
lation, 1837, 571.
bagog lake. This lake lies principally in Maine.
Lake ConnectiCoos County, N. H.
cut is situated north of the 45th deCoos is the largest county in
gree of latitude, and is one of the
Hampshire, and within its limits sources of Connecticut river. The
are situated the contested Indian largest pond in this county lies N.
Stream territory and the greater of lake Connecticut, and is connectpart of the ungranted lands. Large ed with it by an outlet.
portions of this county are exceedThe first settlement in the coun-
New
New
was made at Lancaster in 1763.
The county was incorporated Dec.
settled.
This county extends from 24, 1803, and the name is of Indian
lat. 43^ 58' to the extreme north
origin, although the same name ocbeing 76 miles in curs in the New Testament. The
part of the state
length, and having a mean width population in 1820 was 5,549
and
The area of in 1830, 8,3&0. Coos contains 23
of about 20 miles.
ingly mountainous, cannot be cultivated, and will probably never be
ty
—
;
county is estimated to contain
1600 square miles, or, in round
this
towns, and five inhabitants to a
square mile. Lancaster, Shiretown.
numbers, 1,000,000 of acres. It is
Corin.ua, Me.
bounded N. by Lower Canada, E.
Situated 53 miles
Somerset co.
by Maine, S. by the county of
Sti-afFord, W. by Grafton county
N. E. from Au<rusta. and about 35
and the state of Vermont. Besides E. N. E. from Norridgewock. Inthe stupendous pile of the Vv'hite
Mountains, which distinguishes this
county, there arc several other
mountains of no inconsiderable
height.
Those in Shelburne, Jackson and Chatham, on the east side
of the White Mountains, are bold
and abrupt. The Peak and Bowback mountains in Stratford the
elevations in Dixville, Columbia
;
corporated, 1816. Population, 1837,
1,513.
In 1837, 8,864 bushels of
wheat were raised in this valuable
township.
Corintli,
Me.
This delightful
Penobscot co.
81 miles IS.
E.
township lies
from Augusta, and about 25 N. W.
It is watered by
from Bangor.
�\
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Kentluskeag stream, and produced,
1837, 9,017 bushels of wheat.
in
Population, same year, 1,232.
Corintli, Vt.
Two branches of
water this town. It is
20 miles S. E. from Montpelier, and
10 N. E. from Chelsea.
First setOrange
co.
way
of experiment, raised 7000
bushels of wheat.
Incoi-porated,
1793.
Population, 1837, 2,112.
Bounded S. by Skowhegan: 38 miles
N. from Augusta, and about 13 N.
E. from Norridgewock.
"Wait's river
tled, 1777.
Population, 1S30, 1,953.
pleasant, with a rough,
Corinth is
strong soil, and very healthy; it
has some water power and keeps
about 7,000 sheep.
Coriiisli,
York
CO.
Me.
Bounded N. by the Saeo
and Great Ossipee rivers. 83 miles
S. W. from Augusta, 32 W. by N.
from Portland, and 25 N. from Alfred.
Incorporated, 1794. Population, 1337, 1,130.
Cornish produces
§ood crops of wheat and some wool.
Coin wall, Vt.
Addison
This is a level townCO.
ship of excellent land, watered by
Otter creek and Lemonfair river, but
without any good mill sites.
Notwithstanding there is a very large
swamp in this town, the people are
healthy, and many live to a very
great age.
Veiy beautiful calcareous spar, in rhomboidal crystals, is
found here.
The population of
Cornwall, in 1830, was 1,264. The
number of sheep, in 1337, was about
16,000.
It lies 75 miles S. W. from
Montpelier, and bounded N. E. by
Middlebury. First settled, 1774.
Covnisli, W. H.,
Coi'n^vall, Ct.
Sullivan co., is 17 miles N.
from Charlcstown, 50 N. W. by W.
from Concord, and 12 N. W. from
Ne wpoj-t. Connecticut river waters
the west part of this town, and by
means of a bridge connects Cornish
This mountainous
township lies on the east side of
Housatonick river, 38 miles W.
from Hartford, 48 N. from New Haven, and 13 N. by W. from Litch-
with Windsor, Vt.
The
soil is
gen-
erally fertile.
The town is hilly,
with the exception of that part
which lies on the river. Blow-me-
down and Bryant's brooks are the
only streams of any magnitude
these aiford good mill privileges,
which
are improved for a woolen
factory, a large number of saw, and
other mills.
The agricultural products of this town are very considerable.
Cornish was granted June
21, 1763, to Rev. Samuel McClintock, of Greenland, and 09 others.
The town was
settled in 1765.
Population, 1330, 1,687.
much choice
land in Cornville.
in 1837,
First settled, 1740.
A
by
Popu-
1830, 1,714.
The scenery
about the south village is very beau" The cheerful appearance
tiful.
of the church and the little cluster
of white buildings surrounding it,
at the bottom of a deep valley, is
uncommonly pleasing. The mounlation,
and lofty hills which rise immediately on almost every side,
shutting out, in a sense, the most of
the world from this apparently retired spot, present a bold and most
striking feature in the landscape."
This village is the place where a
Foreign Mission School was estabtains
lished in 1318.
Comville, Me,
few of the inhabitants,
field.
"This school had
from the attempt to qualify
Obookiaa, a pious Owyheean youth,
and others, for missionaries to their
native lands, Obookiah was brought
to this country in 1308, and came to
New Haven. Vf bile here, Samuel
J. Mills, a student in Yale Colits rise
Somerset co. This town is well
watered by the Wessaransett river,
a branch of the Kennebec.
There
is
Litchfield co.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
revolutionary
Population, 1330, 441.
commencement of the
pious persons, comlege, and other
instructed
miserating bis condition,
the Christian '-f'^-^o"-him in
war.
Coventry, Vt.
hopeluby
Ooookiah soon became
advocated a mispious, and strongly
Other nasion to his countrymen.
and
island were found
tives of his
for their
a school was established
In 1^20 the
benefit at Cornwall.
was
number of pupils in this school
19 were American In2y, of wbom
islands ot tne
dians, and 6 from the
This is a good townBaris watered by
Black rivers, two good
ton's and
north into
mill streams, running
Orleans co.
ship of land, and
Memphremagog
First
lake.
set-
Population, 18o0, /-.».
tled 1800.
lies in
The south part of the lake
and gives it some trade
Coventry,
Here are abou 2,o00
Obookiah sicKeiiod to Canada.
ocean.
Pacific
Coventrv lies 47 miles JN.
sh-eo
be
and died in Cornwall in 1S18. 1
Montpelier, and has Irason his by E. from
following is the inscription
burgh on the south.
grave
monument in the village
yard.
Coventry, K.
^,
a native of
.
.
a very large
of
rise to the l-or
country gave
which he
ei-n Missimi School, of
this
was
a
worthy member.
He was
designed
once an Idolater, and was
Priest but by the grace
for a Pa-an
and inGod, and bv the prayers
;
of
became
structions of pious friends,he
He was eminent tor
a Christian.
VV
zeal.
piety and missionary
I.
^
Henry Oooolao.t,
Owyhee. His arrival in
"In memory
hen
return to his naalmost prepared
the go?pel, bod
tive isle to preach
In his last
to himself.
him
Kent CO. This is
the nor h
township, extending to
and admirably
line of Connecticut,
and by
watered by numerous ponds
important branch ol
Vlat river, an
Coventry has long
the Pawtucket.
vafor the number and
been noted
manufactures, particuriety of its
1 he soil
wool.
larly of cotton and
well adapted to agriof the town is
pursuits it is well i.nprovcultural
:
of the proed and a large amount
&c., is annually
ducts of the dairy,
took
There are a number ot
and prayed :ov produced.
Coventry, all
sickness he wept
we nlpa.ant villages in
both
Owyhee, but was submissive,
Lf'which are ^flourishing
a heavenly
i hjs
died without fear, with
and ti-ade.
and glory manufacturing
for its pat..mile on his countenance
was distinguished
1818, aged town
revolutionaiy
in his soul, Feb. ITtb,
,io^-m during the
26."
Coventry was incorporacontest.
\.
It lies 10 miles fe.
Coventry, N. H.,
ted in 1742.
Providence, and 8 N.W.trom
N. N. fPom
Grafton co., is 70 miles
Population, iboO,
t. b. £.. East Greenwich.
from Concord, and 12
town is wa- 3,851.
from Haverhill. This
Oliverian broo^i
co"i'«-i^*i'y> ct.
tered bv branches of
Amonoosuck rivers. In
Wangombog, a
and Wild
Tolland CO. The
is Moosethe S. E. part of Coventry
and the Skungamug,
Owl-head moun- beautiful pond,
give
hillock mountain.
and Willimantic rivers,
W. part of this town Hop
power. In
tain lies in the
a good water
rough and Coventry
Coventry presents a
town are two
the south part of the
and the soil
to
m
W
m
mountainous aspect,
several parts
tivation.
is
not capable
ol
cul-
ed
This town was gran
Theopbi us Fi ch
Jan. 31, 1764, to
and others, and was settled
after the
manufacto-
cotfon and two woolen
and otncr imries a machine shop
operations by
portant mechanical
gut ot a
This town was the
water.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Mohegan Sachem, and was first setThe surface is un-
tled in 1700.
even, and the
Coventry
soil a
lies
gravelly loam.
18 ^niles E. from
Hartford, and bounded N. by
Tolland. Population,
1830,2,119. This
town is celebrated as the birth
place
of Capt.
Nathan Hale,
unteered his services
who
vol-
Washino-ton
to discover the position
of the
my on Long Island. He fell a eneto
mar-
tyr to American liberty.
Sent 22 '
^
1776, aged 22.
LoRKjvzo Dow, an itinerart
preacher, celebrated for his
eccentricity was born in Coventry,
October, 16, 1777. It is said
that durinthe 38 years of his ministry he
travel
1
duction of fruits and vegetableg
than for grain.
Some parts of the
town are very fertile, but considerable of the land is rough and
uneven.
Providence market
is
suppUed with
a considerable amount
of the products of the town.
The manufacture of cotton is very
extensively
of the
Pawtuxet and Powchasset are constant and abundant.
Cranston is a
very pleasant town, and its
proximity to Providence, (only
five miles
south west) gives it peculiar
privileges.
Population, 1830, 2,653.
pursued.
The water power
Cra-%vfoi-tl,
Washington
Me.
m this and foreign countries two 1828. This is a
good township of
hundred thousand miles. He died
at land, and was foi-merly
called AdGeorgetown, D. C, Feb. 2, 1834
ams. A large pond in
Crawford
and apart of another are the
Craftstowry, Vt.
sources ol a branch of East
Machias
Orleans co. Col. Ebenezer Crafts
river.
Population, 1837, 311. Lowas the father of this little
led
co.
Incorporated,
repub- cated about 30 miles N.
from Mahonored, in chias and 140 E.
N. E. from AuCraftsbury was gusta.
It lies 25 miles S
of the Canada line, 25
Crooked River, Me.,
miles N. from
Montpelier, and about 15 S. S
Rises in ponds in Oxford county:
from Irasburgh. Population,
1830^ passes through Harrison,
Otisfield
^^^^ *°^^" ^"^ ^"^ly watered and
Raymond, and joins the outlet
? Black
by ;„
river, Wild Branch, and
ol Long poad into
Sebago lake.
5 large natural ponds well stored
witn trout. The village in
Cross Island, Me.
the cen-
^^
^'^^'
1810, aged 70.
settled in 1789.
,o*
™"^h
W
tre
of the town is elevated,
coma delightful prospect.
manding
Craitljei-2-y
A
Islands.
Hancock co. These islands were
^tached to the town of
Moun^
large island, off
Machias bay,
attached to the town of Cutler.
Croydon,
Siillivan co.,
is
li,
44
M.,
m.iles
N. N.
W. from Concord, and 8 N. from
when thev were Newport. The N.
branch of Suincorporated. They lie a
few miles gar river waters this town.
On this
i^. by S,
from Mount Desert and
stream is a woolen
pesert unlil 1830,
embrace Great and
Little
ry
Cranber-
Sutton's and Baker's
islands.
islands afTord good harbors
and are well located for
the shore
tishery.
Population, 1837, 183.
These
Cranston, R,
Providence
town
is
co.
The
more favorable
I.
of thi'^
for the prosoil
factory and other
mills.
Croydon mountain is of considerable elevation, on which
are
two small ponds. The soil of Croydon is moist and rocky, and pioduces valuable ciops.
Croydon was
granted by charter to Samuel Chase,
and others. May 31, 1763. It
was
settled in 1766.
1,057.
Population, 1830.
*
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Cumberland County, Me.
Portland, chief town. Bounded
N. by Oxford county, E. by Lincoln county, S. by the Atlantic
ocean, and W. by York county and
Area about 990
a part of Oxford.
Population, 1820,
square miles.
49,445; 1330,60,113; 1837,67,619.
This is an excellent county of land,
and under good cultivation. The
commerce and manufactures of
Portland and neighboring towns
Casco bay is
is very extensive.
within the county, and affords it
unrivalled privileges for navigation
and the fisheries. It is watered by
several large mill streams and the
Cumberland and Oxford canal to
Sebago lake, within the count\%
gives to its chief town considerable
inland trade.
In 1837 there were
37,803 bushels of wheat raised in
the county, and it contained 71,000
sheep.
;
Cuuiberlaiid, Me.
Cumberland co. Setoff from the
westerly part of North Yarmouth
in 1821.
Population, 1837, \,51o.
54 miles S. Vv\ from Augusta, and
10 N. from Portland.
Cumberland
is pleasantly situated on Casco bay,
and enjoys many navigable facili-
Westfield river. It is a mountainous township but excellent for grazing.
It produced, in 1837, 12,486
pounds of merino wool, the weight
of 4,162 fleeces, valued at $7,492.
The manufactures of Cummington
consist of cotton and woolen goods,
leather, palm-leaf hats, and scythe
snaiths.
Total value, in one year,
J^9S,000.
Iron ore and soapstone.
Lincoln co.
Situated on Saint
George's river, opposite to the town
of St. George
45 miles N. E. from
Augusta, and about 12 miles S. from
Warren. This place was settled by
emigrants from Ireland, as early as
;
1733.
Here was the celebrated
stone fort, erected by Maj. Burton.
Incorporated, 1789.
Population,
1837, 732.
Cutler, Me.
Washington
co.
Cumberland, R.
Providence
I.
The manufac-
co.
ture of cotton and boat building
i
-
extensively puisued in this town.
Pawtucket, Mill and Peter's rivers,
and Abbot's run, afford the town
a good hydraulic power.
There is
some good land in Cumberland,
producing a variety of articles for
Providence market from v/hich it
is distant 8 miles N.
Population,
1830, 3,675. See Smithfield.
;
Cummiugtan, Mass.
Hampshire
co. Located 110 miles
from Boston, and 20 \V. N. W.
from Northampton. Incorporated,
1779.
Population, 1837, 1,204. In
this town are cood mill seats oa
W.
10
S.
by
Little river, and is bounded "W, by
Machias bay.
Cutler has a good
harbor, and a population of 667
164 miles E. by N. from Augusta,
and 10 S. E. from Machias.
Dalton,
ties.
Bounded
the Atlantic Ocean, and about 20
miles S. W. from Yv'. Quoddy Head.
It contains Little Machias bay and
-X.
H.,
Coos CO., lies between Lancaster and Littleton, on Connecticut
river, and is 110 miles N. by Y/.
from Concord. The Great, or Fifteen Mile Falls, on Connecticut
river, commence in Dalton, and
rush tumultuously along its northwest boundary. The town is also
watered by John's river and several large brooks.
The western and
southern parts of this town are hilly.
Along the borders of John's river
the majestic white pine abounds.
The soil on the highlands is deep,
and well adapted to grazing is
generally good, and in some parts
easy of cultivation. Blake's pond,
the only one in town, lies at the S.
E. corner.
Moses Blake and Wal-
—
�NEW ENGLAND
were the first settlers of
Dalton, and, with their families, for
a long time the only inhabitants.
Dalton was incorporated Nov. 4,
17S1.
Population, 1S30, 532.
iJlake was a famous hunter, and
the moose which frequented the
GAZETTEER.
ter Bloss
pond called by his name often fell
by the accuracy of his shots. Blake
and Capt. Bucknam, (one of the
of Lancaster,) on a
hunting excursion, fiied at a mark,
settlers
first
on asmdlbet. Bucknam fired hist,
and cut, at the distance of twenty
rods, near the centie of a mark
not larger than a dollar.
Blake
then fired, and on going to the tree
on which the mark was made, no
trace of the ball could be discovered.
Bucknam exulted: "Cutout
your ball," said Blake, " and you'll
find mine o'top on't."
The operation being performed, the two balls
were found, the one safely lodged
upon the other,
IPaltoii,
boots and shoes.
Total amount in
one year, $47,813. In 1837, the
product of 4,2.38 sheep was 11,852
pounds of wool, valued at $5,725.
Me.
This river has its source in ponds
in Jefferson and Nobleborough
its
general course is southerly between
Newcastle, Edgecomb and Boothhay, on the west, and Bristol on the
east.
It is navigable for vessels of
any burthen 16 miles, to the bridge
;
crosses
it
between
New-
and Nobleborough. Large
quantities of lumber descend, and
many merchant ships arc built on
this broad and navigable arm of the
castle
sea.
Woi'ccster co. Dana lies 65 miles
from Boston, and 27 W. N. W.
from \Vorcester.
branch of Swift
river passes through the town.
Some leather is tanned in Dana;
and 70,000 palm-leaf hats were
A
made
in
1836',
Inccporated,
1837,
valued
1781.
$10,500.
Population,
at
6()0.
Danbiiry, W. H.,
Is in the S. part of
and
It is
Grafton county,
the form of a diamond.
IG miles S. by W. from Ply-
lies
in
mouth, and 30 N. W. from Concord.
This town is generally hilly, although thei-e are some intervales.
In the N. E. part is a large hill.
eastern section is watered by
Smith's river.
The first settlement was made in Nov. 1771, and
incoiporated June 18, 1795.
Population, 1830, 786.
The
DaiilJiiry, Ct.
consist of woolen cloth, iron castings,
paper, ($37,500,) leather,
I5am«i.-lscotta Hiver,
Mass.
W.
Mass.
Berkshire co. Dalton lies 120
miles W. from Boston, and 13 N.
by E. from Lenox. Incorporated,
17S4.
Population, 1837, 830.
It
is watered by the E. branch of Housatonick liver.
Its manufactures
which
IDaiia,
One
of the shire towns of Fair-
county.
Danbury, the Pahqvioque of the Indians, was first
settled in 1684.
The soil of the
town is good, and agreeably diverfield
sified by hills and valleys.
The
borough or village is vei-y pleasantly situated in a valley, and is me-
moi-able for its sacrifices in the
revolutionary war.
It was nearly
destroyed by the British, with a
large amount of continental stores,
April, 1777.
It lies 22 miles N.
from Norwalk, 86 S. S. W. from
Litchfield, and 55 S. W. by W.
from Hartford.
Robert Sandemaat, the founder of a religious sect,died at Danbury in 1771, aged 53. See Bethel, Ct.
Daiiby, Vt.
Rutland co. Situated near the
head waters of Otter creek, 17 miles
S. from Rutland, and QS S. S. W.
Fii-st
from Montpelier.
settled,
Population, 1830, 1,362.—
176S.
The surface of the town is rough
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
and mountainous, but productive
of
extraordinary feed
Some
of
the
country are
in
best
cattle.
for
dairies
Danby.
in
the
of butter and cheese, of supeare annually sent to
There are some curious
market.
caverns in this town, one of great
rior quality,
—
depth.
This flourishing town
N. W. from Salem, to
which it was attached until 1757,
and called " Salem Village." It is
very pleasant, and has some mill and
The manunavigable privileges.
Essex
CO.
miles
factures, for the year
ending April
amounted to $354,300.
articles manufactured were
1837,
The
Chief town of Caledonia county.
Danville village is very pleasantly
situated near the centre of the town,
and is suirounded by a beautiful
farming country first settled, 1784.
Charles Hacket brought the first
woman into town, in 1785. PopuIt lies 28 miles
lation, 1830, 2,631.
N. E. from Montpelier. Here is a
and Jo's pond,
medicinal spi-ing
covering 1,000 acres, lies mostly
Several tributaries of
in the town.
the Passumpsic give the town a good
This is a place of
water power.
considerable manufactures and domestic trade.
:
Daiivers, Mass.
1,
Pop-
Danville, Vt.
Large quan-
tities
lies 2
cord, and 10 S. W. of Exeter.
ulation, 1830, 528.
boots and shoes ($435,1)00,) leather,
($264,400,) nails, bricks, pottery
ware, glue, lasts, morocco, chocolate, shoe pegs, shoe and soap boxes,
soap and candles. Population, 1830,
4,228 ; 1837, 4,804.
Danville, Me.
;
Darien, Ct.
Until 1820, Darien
Fairfield co.
was a parish in the tOAvn of Stam-
The soil is excellent, and well
adapted to tillage and grazing. It
lies 5 miles W. from Norwalk, and
42 S. W. from New Haven. Population, 1830, 1,201.
ford.
Cumberland co. This town, forDuring divine service, on Sunmerly called Pejepsco, was set off
from the westerly part of North day, 22d of July, 1781, a party of
Population, British troops surrounded the meetYarmouth, in 1802.
ing house at this place, and made
the whole congregation prisoners.
Farming is the principal The males were tied, two and two,
land.
they and the Rev. Moses Mather, D. D.,
business of the inhabitants
raised, in 1837, 1,218 bushels of a man distinguished for his learning
and piety, placed at their head.
wheat.
They were marched to the shore,
Danville, ]V. H.
taken to Long Island, and afterBockingham CO. It was incorpo- wards to New York, where they
rated February 22, 1760 ; formerly suffered a cruel imprisonment.
a part of Kingston, and until re- Some of them never returned.
cently known by the name of
Dartnioutli, Mass.
Hawice. The soil is uneven, but in
The Aponiganset of
Bristol CO.
some parts good. Acchusnut river
sea-port on Buzpasses over the north west corner. the Indians.
Long pond lies in the east part, and zard's bay, on the W. side of AcThe cushnet river, 56 miles S. from BosCub pond on the west side.
ton, and 3 W. from New Bedford.
first settlements were made by JonPopulation,
athan Sanborn, Jacob Hook, and Incorporated, 1664.
There are 5 vessels
others, between 1735 and 1739. 1837, 3.958.
Danville lies 33 miles S. E. of Con- belonging to this place engaged in
It lies 32 miles S. W.
1837, 1,282.
from Augusta, and 29 N. from Port-
;
—
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the whaling business, and a number ia coasting;, and other fisheries.
The pioduct of the whale, cod and
mackerel fisheries the year ending April 1, 1837, amounted to
^93,103. The value of wool grown
was $2,110.
The value of salt
manufactured, of vessels built, of
leather tanned, and of boots and
shoes made, was $27,910.
Population,
river, in
Maine,
Hancock
is
an im-
;
Dead
river, in
New
co.
Incorporated, 1837.
bounded on the W. by Ellsworth. Union river passes through
In 1837 it had
its N. W. corner.
a population of 427, and produced
It
is
1,550 bushels of wheat.
Dedliam, Mass.
portant tributary to the Kennebec.
It rises on the border of Lower
Canada, in the county of Franklin.
It passes in a S. E. direction 40 or
50 miles ; then N. about 10 it then
changes to the E., and after passing
about 15 miles it falls into the Kennebec, about 20 miles below Moose
Head lake. The lands on Dead
river and its numerous tributaries
are very fertile and heavily wooded.
Dead Stream, in Maine, is a considerable tributary to the Penobscot, from the west.
It empties at
Orono, opposite to the Indian village.
rises in the
15 miles
Dedliam, Me.
Dead Rivers.
Dead
1837, 799.
N. from Augusta.
Hampshire,
N. W. corner
of the
Coos county, and after receiving several tributaries it falls
into the Margallaway.
state, in
Deanfield, Me.
at the
N. W. corner
Hancock county, between Passadumkeag river and Olammon
stream.
See Barnard, Me,
Located
of
Dearborn, Me.
Norfolk CO. County town. This
town is on Charles river, with a good
water power. It is 10 miles S. W.
from Boston, 35 E. from Worcester,
35 N. W. from Plymouth, 26 N. by
W. from Taunton, and 30 N. E.
from Providence. It has a beautiful court house of hewn granite.
railIts Indian name was Tiot.
road from the centre of the town
meets the Boston and Providence
rail-road, about two miles at the
eastward.
The manufactures of
Dedham the year ending April 1,
1837, amounted to $510,755. They
consisted of cotton and woolen goods,
leather, boots, shoes, paper, mar-
A
bled paper, iron castings, chairs,
cabinet wares, straw bonnets, palmleaf hats, and silk goods.
The value of silk goods manufactured was
$10,000. Dedham village is very
pleasant, and possesses every inducement to render it a desirable
residence for the mechanic or man
of leisure. Population, 1837, 3,532.
Deerfield,
]V.
H.,
Rockingham
co., is 18 miles E.
E. from Concord, and 30 W. by
N. from Portsmouth. This town
has a number of very pleasant ponds
which afford fish of various kinds.
Moulton's pond is situated at the
W. part of the town. This pond,
although small, is noted on account
S.
Kennebec co. The soil of this
town is excellent, particularly
around Great pond, which covers
a large portion of the surface, and
has a number of islands of great
beauty. This pond is connected
with other large sheets of water
in Belgrade, Mount Vernon, and
Rome, which render this part of
the county highly picturesque.
Dearborn was incorporated in 1812.
of its having no visible inlet, and
therefore is supposed to be supplied
by a subterraneous passage, as the
water is always of nearly an equal
depth. The outlets of the pond run
�WEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
This pond
remarkable on account of
having been often sounded witliIn
opposite directions.
is
also
A
out discovering any bottom.
branch of Lamprey river passes S.
and S. E. through Deertield. The
surface of this town is uneven, the
and fertile, although
soil durable
hard
to cultivate.
The Tuckawaj^,
and a place of considerable commerce.
The manufactures of this
place, for one year, amounted to
$147,190. They consisted of leather, boots, shoes, cutlery, ($100,000)
chairs, cabinet w' are, palm-leaf hats,
lead pipe, hair cloth and beds, wagons and carriages, pocket books,
wallets, and corn-broorns. The value of wool grown, the same year,
between Deertield and NottingFrom the
ham, the Saddleback,between Deer- (1836) was $2,708.
tield
and Northwood, and Fort mountains in this vicinity, delightmountain on the
V/., are the prin-
In the W. part
of this town, on the southerly side
of a ridge of rocks which extend
3-4 of a mile, is a natural formation
in the rock, for sixty years designated as the " Indian Camp." Its
sides are irregular, and the top is
covered by a canopy of granite
projecting about 14 feet, affording
a shelter from the sun and rain.
cipal elevations.
On
the E. side of this camp is a
natural tlight of steps, or stones
resembling steps, by w'hich persons may easily ascend to the top
of the rock.
Deerfield was once
a place of favorite resort for deer,
great numbers of which were taken.
While the petition for the
town was pending, a Mr. Batchelder killed a deer, and presenting it
to Gov. Wentworth, obtained the
act under the name of Deer-field.
The town was
and
Robertson, Benjamin Batchelder and others. During the Indian wars the inhabitants
lived in garrisons, but no serious
mischiefs were experienced.
Population, 1830, 2,086.
settled in 1756
1758, by John
Deei'iield, Mass.
Franklin co. At the junction of
Connecticut and Deerfield rivers,
on the west side of the former, and
on both sides of the latter.
The
Pocumfuck
of the Indians.
It is
95 miles W. by N. from Boston, 4
S. from Greenfield, and 17 N. from
Northampton.
First settled, 166S.
Incorporated, 1G82.
Population, in
1837, 1,952.
very pleasant town,
A
10*
ful
views are obtained.
Deerfield
Mountain is 700 feet above the
plain. Sugar Loaf Mountain rears
conical peak of red sandstone 500
above the river, and overlooks
the ground of many sanguinary
battles between the whites and InThis is a place of great indians.
While the traveller lingers
terest.
here, enjoying the beautiful scenery, and hospitality of the people of
tills quiet town, he cannot fail of
contrasting the present scenes with
those of former j'cars ; particularly
its
feet
Bloody Brook, xn 1675,
of 90 young men
from, the county of Essex were slain
by ruthless savages. A monument,
commemorating this event, was
with \h^{
when
a
Vit
company
erected in 1S38.
Deerfield River.
This beautiful and important Indian stream joins the Connecticut between Greenfield and Deertield.
It rises in the liigh grounds
of Windham county, near Stratton, Dover and Somerset, Vermont; and proceeding in a S. E.
course, it passes through Monroe,
Florida, Rowe, Charlemont, Hawley, Buckland, Shelburne and Conway. The most important tributaries to this stream are Cold river;
a river from Heath and Coleraine
one from Leyden, via Greenfield,
and a river from Conway. Its whole
length is about 50 miles. In some
places Deerfield river is rapid, and
Its pasits banks very precipitous.
sage through the mountains is verv
curious and romantic.
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Deering,
K". 11.^
23 miles S. "W.
Hillsborough
from Concord, and 22 N. W. from
It is diversified with
Amherst.
hills and valleys ; is well watered,
and its soil is favorable to the several purposes of agriculture. There
are tliree ponds, Dudley, Pecker'?,
and Fulton's. The two former are
sources of the N. branch of Piscatco.,
aquog" river.
There are some man-
ufactures in this town, and bricks
are mads in a considerable quantiDeering was incorporated Jan.
ty.
The name was given by
17, 1774.
several beautiful ponds.
The principal business of the inhabitants is
agricultural, for which they have
a fertile soil,
and which produced,
wheat.
in 1S37, 2,560 bushels of
Deiaiiis,
Mass.
Barnstable co. This town crosses
the cape, and was token from Yai"Population, 1837,
mouth in 1793.
It hes 8 miles E. by N.
2,750.
from Barnstable, and 7 W. from
Harwich. The first salt produced
by solar evaporation in this country
was made in this town, by John
Sears and others, in 1776.
About
whose maiden name was 7,000 tons of shipping belong to this
Dering. The first permanent set- town, principally engaged in fishtlement was made in 1765, byAIex- ing and coasting, and all manned by
Bass river,
ander Robinson. Population, 1S30, natives of the town.
Gov. John Wentwortb, in honor of
his wife,
1,227.
from a pond, affords a small
water power. 150 ship-masters belong to this town, sailing from various ports in the Union, The products of the cod and mackerel tishing, in one year, amounted to $50,899.
The manufacture of common salt, Epsom salts, vessels, and
lampblack, amounted to ,4p25,975.
ri.--ing
Beer
Hancock
co.
Isle,
Me.
This town
is
con-
stituted of three principal Islands
Deer Island, Little Deer Island,
and the Isle of Haut, They com-
prise about 17,000 acres, and v/ere
inhabited before the revolutionaiy
war. Incorporated, 1789.
Population, 1S37, 2,473.
The principal
island lies about 2 miles S. W. from
Sedgewick harbor, and 95 miles E.
by S. from Augusta. These islands
have good harbors, and are well located for the shore fishery.
Although they are situated near the
sea they produce good crops and
Deiiaiysvillc,
Washington co.
This town is
bounded on the S. by Cobscook
bay, and watered by a river of the
same name.
It lies 172 miles E.
N. E. from Augusta, and 22 N. E.
from Machias.
wheat.
Islaiatis,
W. H.
In Connecticut river, between
and Barnet, Vt., are five
in number,
The largest contains
38 acres.
Lyman
DesiaiarSi, Ble.
Oxford CO.
Incorporated, 1S07.
Population, 1837, 1,0»2.
It lies S5
miles S. W. by W. from Augusta,
about 28 S. W. from Paris, and 47
N. W. from Portland. Denmark is
finely
Population, 1837,
Dei-lby,
Beer
watered by Saco river and
Me.
Orleans co.
Vt.
First settled, 1795.
bounded on the N. by Lower
Canada, and on the W. by Memphremagog lake. Clyde liver, the
It is
Salem pond, affords it a
This town is
good water power.
very pleasant, level and fertile ;
the
it
has some manufactures
farmers are industrious and rear a
outlet of
;
—
number of sheep. Derby is
50 miles N. N. E. from Monfpelier, and 15 N. N.E. from Irasburgh.
Population, 1830, 1,469.
large
�NEW ENGLAND
Derby,
New Haven
Ct.
township, taken from Londonderry
The
co.
Indian
name
It
of this town was Paugasset.
was purchased of the Indians,
and incorporated in 1675. The suris uneven, with
some fertile meadow on the banks of
the rivers. Derby is watered by the
Housatonick and Naugatuck rivers.
Derby Landing, Smithville and
Humphreysville, are the principal
face of the t-own
places of business.
The Landing is on the east side
of the Housatonick, just below the
junction of that river with the
Naugatuck, and is 8 miles N. W.
from
Haven, and 14 from the
mouth of the river at Stratford, on
Long Island Sound. Vessels of 10
feet draught of water can pass to
New
the Landing, fi-om which wood and
other commodities are transported
by water.
Smithville is located in view of
the Landing, and commands a beautiful prospect.
It has extensive
manufactures of copper, in sheets
and wire, augurs, carriage springs
and-'asletrees, nails and tacks, flannels, satinets, and other operations
by the waters of the Naugatuck,
passing through a canal of about
a mile in length. This village was
commenced
in
1S34, and
is
very
flourishing.
Hiwiphreysville is located in a
valley, on the Naugatuck
river, about 4 miles from the Landsmall
GAZETTEER.
The principal manufaclinen thread and cloth,
palm-leaf hats and shoes.
The
village is very handsome, and a
great thoroughfare for travellers.
The soil is very productive, and the
inhabitants are remarkable for their
industry, general wealth and longevity.
Derry lies 18 miles W.
in 1828.
tures are
S. W. from Exeter, and 25 S. E.
from Concord.
Population, 1830,
2,176.
Dexter, Me.
Penobscot
first
co.
settled in 1801.
This town was
Incorporated,
67 miles N. E. from
Augusta, and 35 N. W. from Ban1815.
It lies
Population, 1S37, 1,401. Dexa valuable township of land.
The farmers reap a rich reward for
their labors. In 1837, 7000 bushels
of wheat was raised.
In this town
is a pond covering 500 acres,
at
the outlet of which are mills and a
beautiful village.
gor.
ter
is
Diamond River,
N. H.
Diamond river has its
source in Diamond pond,
artstown.
From thence
principal
in
Stew-
passes
through Dixville, and after receiving several tributaries, falls into the
Dead river near its junction with
the Margallaway.
it
Digliton, Mass.
A
Bristol CO.
port of entry, on
The Humphreysville Manuthe west side of Taunton river, oppofacturing Company was incorporated in 1810.
The building is 4 sto- site to Berkley. Population, 1837,
In this 1,453. 40 miles S. from Boston, 8
ries high and 100 feet long.
S. from Taunton, and 20 N. W. by
village and around it is some of the
W. from
Bedford, There are
most beautiful and romantic scenein this place three cotton factories,
ry in
England. This village
a woolen mill, a furnace, and other
derived its name from the Hon.
David Humphreys, a native of iron works. Tonnage of the dis"
Derby, a poet, an aid to Washing- trict, 9,032 tons. The noted Dighton Rock," so called, on which are
ton, and a minister to Spain.
He
inscriptions difficult to decypher,
died at New Haven, February 21,
in fact lies on the Berkley side of
1818, aged 66.
the river.
The value of cotton and
Derry, X. H.
woolen goods, boots and shoes,
Rockingham co.
fine grazing pig iron and wooden ware manu-
ing.
New
New
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
factured, and vessels huilt in Dighton, in one year, was $30,000.
Dixneia, Me.
Oxibrd CO. This is a good farming
town on the north bank of ths Androscoggin river, 42 miles N. W.
by W. from Augusta, and 25 N. by
Incorporated, 1S03.
E. from Paris.
Population, 1837, 1,148.
In 1837,
5,522 bushels of wheat was raised
in Dixfield.
Dixmout, Me.
This town derived its nam.e from Dr. Elijah Dix,
late of Boston, one of the original
propi-ietors, and from a hill or mountain in the town, beautifully wooded to its summit. It is on the height
of land between the Kennebec and
Penobscot.
The surface of the
town is undulating the soil excellent and of easy cultivation.
It annually produces large quantities of
hay, some corn, rye and wool.
In'l837, a bounty "of $649 40 was
obtained for raising 932 1-2 bushels
of wheat.
There is a pond in the
town and some mill privileges.
Dixmont lies 44 miles N. E. from
Augusta, and 24 S. W. from Ban-
Penobscot
co.
;
gor.
Incorporated,
1807.
Popu-
lation, 1830, 1,323.
Dixville, N. H.,
was granted in 1805,
Col.
Timothy Dix,
jr., of Boscawen.
comprises
It
31,023 acres of uneven land. Numerous streams meander through
this town
from the surrounding
Coos
to
the
CO.,
late
heights.
Dixville lies about 40
miles N. N. E. from Lancaster.
[n 1810 it had a population of 12
and in 1830, of only 2.
;
Dorcliester, N.
Grafton
highlands
co.,
is
II.,
situated on the
between Connecticut
and Merrimack rivers, 12 miles
from the former, and 8 from the
latter.
It is 23 miles S. by E.
from Haverhill, 50 N. W. from
Concord, and 90 N. \V. by W. from
Portsmouth. The piincipal streams
are the S. branch of Baker's river,
a branch of Mascomy, and Rocky
branch. There are two considerable ponds, both in the W. part of
The soil in some parts
the town.
vei-y fertile ; paiticularly the intervales on the branch of Baker's
river.
The highlands are very uneven, and the greater part rocky.
First settled about the year 1772.
Population, 1830, 702.
is
Dorcliester, Mass.
Norfolk CO.
This ancient and
respectable town lies on Dorchester bay, in Boston harbor, 5 miles S.
from Boston, and 7 N. E. from Dedham. Population, 1837, 4,564. It
was first settled by a party of Puritans from England. These pilgrims
landed from the ship Mary and
John, at Nantasket, on the 11th of
June, 1630, and on the 17th day of
that month they located themselves
at the Indian Mattapan, and called
it Dorchester, in honor of their pious and learned friend, the Rev.
John White, of Dorchester, 120
The town
miles W. from London.
was incorporated on the 7th of
September following, and included
most of the territory of the towns
of Milton, Canton, Stoughton, Sharon, and that part of Boston on which
stand " Dorchester Heights," memorable for their sudden conversion
into a fortress, for the protection of
Boston harbor, by order of Washington, on the night of March 4,
These lands were obtained
1776.
fjom the Indians by purchase, not
by combat. The present limits of
the town are about 6 by 3 1-2
Dorchester furnished piomiles.
neers for the settlement of many
party from
parts of ihe country.
this town crossed the trackless wilderness in 14 days, and settled Hartford, on Connecticut river, in 1635.
In 1695, another party emigrated
from this place, and settled Dorchester, in South Carolina, and af-
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
terwards Medway, in Georgia. The
but vesoil of Dorchester is rocky,
of
ry fertile and under a high state
It is exceedingly procultivation.
ductive, particularly of vegetables,
Its surface is
and flowers.
greatly variegated, presenting a
continual succession of picturesque
and delightful views of the coun-
fruits
try, city, and sea. Its hill-tops and
valleys"^are decked with farm houses and tasteful villas, and no where
can be found the union of town and
country enjoyments more complete.
beautiful Neponset washes the
whole of the southern border of
The
the town, and besides its navigable
privileges, affords it a large and val-
uable water power.
The
first
wa-
ter mill in America was erected in
this town, in 1633 ; and here, about
the same time, the cod fishery, the
New England, was first
commenced. There are now 4 vessels employed in the whale, and 16
boast of
Toin the cod and other fisheries.
Capital
tal tonnage, 2,210 tons.
Product, in
invested,^ $190,000.
The manuone year, $138,349.
factures of Dorchester consist of
cotton goods, boots, shoes, hats, paper, cabinet w^are, block tin, tin
ware, leather, wearing apparel,
soap, candles, chocolate, and playing cards ; the aggregate amount of
which, in one year, was $457,400.
The first settlers of Dorchester
''Here
lies
Suffolk
A
our Captain and Major of
was
witlial,
Godly Magistrate was he and Major General,
troops of horse with him here
came, such worth his love did crave,
Ten companies of foot also, mourning
Two
to his grave.
that read be sure to
faith as he has done 5
marched
Let
keep the
all
With Christ he lives now crowned,
name was Humphrey Atherton."
his
the grave of three brothers, by
the name of Clarke.
"Here lies three Clarks, their accounts
are even.
Entered on earth, carried up to heav-
On
en."
Johnson, in his " Wonder Working Providence," thus speaks of
Dorchester in 1654.
" The forme of this Towne is almost like a Serpent turning her
head to the Northward ; over
against Tompson's Island, and the
c'astle,
her body and wings being
chiefly built on, are filled somewhat thick of Houses, onely that
one of her Wings is clift, herTayle
being of such large extent that
Shee can hardly draw it after her.
Her houses for dwelling are about
one hundred and forty Orchards
and Gardens, full of Fruit-trees,
plenty of Corne Land, although
much of it hath been long in tillage,
yet hath it ordinarily good crops ;
came a regularly organized church, the number of trees are near upon
They 1500. Cowes and other Cattell of
with its pastor and officers.
Thus hath
soon erected a house of public wor- that kinde about 450.
ship but it is a singular fact that the Lord been pleased to increase
" none can tell the precise spot his poore dispersed people, whose
where the first meeting-house was number in this Flock are n.ear about
Their first Pastor called to
located, nor does a single stone re- 150.
main to designate the site of the feede them was the Reverend and
There godly Mr. Maveruck."
original burying ground."
Among the first settlers of Dorare, however, some mementos of
The earliest date in chester was George Minot, a rulolden times.
the present ancient cemetery that ing elder of the church for thirty
can be distinctly traced,is 1644. We years. He erected a dwelling-house
copy the following from among ma- in that part of Dorchester where
ny singular effusions, found on the the pleasant village of Neponset
grave-stones in that cemetery, in now stands. That house is now
standing, and is doubtless one of
commemoration of the dead.
;
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the oldest houses in the country.
It is in good repair, and has ever
remained in possession of Mr. P^Iinot's lineal descendants.
Mr. Minot died December 24, 1671, aged
This house is more celebrated
78.
for the female heroism displayed
within its walls, than for its anti-
A
quity.
pai'ty of Narraganset Indians, hunting on the borders of Neponset river, stopped at elder Minot's house and demanded food and
drink.
On being refused they
threatened vengeance, and the sachem, or chief of the party, left an
Indian in ambush to watch an op-
portunity to effect
in the absence of
except a young
it.
all
Soon
the
woman
after,
family,
and two
small children, the Indian attacked
the house and fired at the young-
woman, but missed
his
mark.
The
placed the children under two
brass kettles and bade them be siShe then loaded Mr. Minot's
lent.
gun and shot the Indian in the
shoulder.
He again attacked the
house, and in attempting to enter
the window, the girl threw a shovel
full of live coals into his face and
lodged them in liis blanket. On
The next day
this the Indian fled.
he was found dead in the woods.
The Indian's name was Chickataubut, but not the Narraganset sachem of that name. The government of Massachusetts bay presented this brave young woman with a
silver wristband, on which her name
was engraved, with this motto,
«< She slew the JVarrhaganset hungirl
terr
There
is
a
cavern in the south part
town of some note.
It is
entered by an aperture nearly 10
feet square, " which opens into a
spacious room nine rods in length
and four wide. At the further end
of this apartment are two openings
which are about 30 feet apart. The
of the
one on the right is three feet from
the floor, and is about 20 inches by
six feet in length.
It leads to an
apartment 20 feet long, 12 wide and
From
12 high.
this
room there
is
an opening sufhcient to admit a man
to pass through sideways about 20
feet, when it opens into a large hall
80 feet long and 30 wide. The
other aperture from the first room
is about as large as a common door,
and leads to an apartment 12 feet
square, out of which is a passage to
another considerable room, in which
is a spring of water.
This cavern
is said to have been explored 40 or
50 rods without arriving at the end."
Dorset lies 26 miles N. from Bennington and 91 S. S. W. from Montpelier.
Population, 1830, 1,507.
Douglas, Mass.
Worcester co.
This town lies
47 miles W. S. W. from Boston, 17
S. E. from Worcester, and 21 N.
W. from Providence. Population,
Here is good mead1830, 1,742.
ow land, iron ore, and valuable
water privileges on Mumford river.
In this town was manufactured, in
1836, $55,000 value of cotton goods;
leather,
boots and shoes, $5,250
$1,500 and $116,400 of axes and
;
;
hatchets besides large quantities
of hatchet handles and shoe lasts.
Incorporated, 1731.
;
Dorset, Vt.
Bennington
co.
This town was
1768, and organized
Paulet and
the following year.
Battenkill rivers rise in this town,
and, with the waters of Otter creek,
which pass the northern part, afford
some mill privileges,which are used
for manufacturing purposes. There
are two mountains partly in this
town, the Dorset and Equinox.
Dover, Me.
first settled in
Bounded N. by
Piscataquis co.
Piscataquis river, S. by Garland,
W. by Sangerville and E. by Atkinson. It lies 77 miles N. by E. from
Augusta, and about 35 miles N. W.
from Bangor. Incorporated, 1822.
Dover is
Population, 1837, 1,042.
the shire town of this new county.
�NEW ENGLAND
and remarkable for its beauty. It
produced, in 1837, 10,290 bushels
of wheat.
Dover, N. H.
This is one of the roost interesting and important towns in New
Hampshire. It is one of the county
towns of Strafford county, and lies
40 miles E. from Concord, 12 N.
W. by N. from Portsmouth, and 45
Population,
S. W. from Portland.
1830, 5,549. The principal streams
of Dover, are the Cocheco, and
Bellamy Bank, or Back
river.
They
a S. E. course through the
town, and unite with other waters
to form the Piscataqua.
Cocheco, or Quochecho river,
has its rise from several small
take
streams in
New
Durham, which
unite in Farmington, whence the
river meanders through Rochester,
there receiving the Isinglass, a tributary, and thence passes through
Dover into the Newichwannock,nr
Salmon Fall river, the principal
bianch of the Piscataqua.
The
Cocheco is a beautiful river, and
very important to the inhabitants of
Rochester and Dover. Passing over
town in any direction, the traveller finds no rugged mountains, nor
extensive bariyin plains, but occasionally ascends gentle swells of
land, fro.m the height of which the
eye meets some delightful object;
this
a w'inding stream, a well cultivated
farm, or a distant village.
In the
S. part of the town is a neck of
land about 2 miles long and half a
mile broad, having Piscataqua on
one side, and Back river on the
other.
From the road on either
hand, the land gradually descends
to the rivei's.
It commands a very
delightful, variegated, and extensive prospect of bays, adjacent
shores, and distant mountains.
On
this neck the first settlement of
the town was made, in 1623, by a
company in England, whose dt-ign
it was to plant a colony, and estab-
GAZETTEER.
a fishery around the Piscatafor which purpose they sent
over, with several others, Edward
and William Hilton, fishmongers,
of London. These men commenced
their operations on the Neck at a
place by the Indians called Winilish
qua
;
chaJianat ,whichthey caWed jYortham, and afteiwards Dover,
For
several years, this spot embraced
the principal part of the population
of the town
here was erected the
first meeting-house, afterwards surrounded with an entrenchn^ent, and
;
remains of which are
here the people assembled to worship, and to transact
their public business.
In process
of time, the business and population of the town began to centre
around Cocheco falls, about 4 miles
N. V/. from the neck. These fit! Is
are in the river whose name they
bear, and give to the water that passes over them a sudden descent of
32 1-2 feet.
Situate at the head of
navigation, about 12 miles from the
ocean, having a fertile country on
the north, west, and south, they are
considered among the most valuable in New England.
Around
flankarts, the
still
visible
these
falls
;
the beautiful village of
Dover is situated, containing many
handsome buildings.
The Dover "Cotton Factory Companj," at Cocheco falls,- was incorporated in 1820.
They have one
brick mill of 420 feet by 45, 7 stories
high, and two otlier mills of the
same material, 154 by 43 feet, one
5 and the other 6 stoiies high.
These mills contain 25,040 spindles
and 768 looms, and manufacture annually 5,000,000 yards of cotton
cloth
the principal part of which
is bleached, and printed into calico
by the company.
This company
employ a capital of more than a
million of dollars, and about 1,000
persons.
There are other manufacturing establishments at Dover,
but this i? the principal.
society of Friends was estab;
A
�NEW ENGLAND
lished here at an earlj^ period, and
formerly comprised about one third
of the population.
congregational church was organized in 1638.
Mr. Leverich,
a worthy puritan, was their first
minister, and probably the first ordained minister that preached the
gospel in
Hampshire.
Mr.
Leverich soon removed, and until
the settlement of the pious Daniel
Maud, in 1642, the church was
much oppressed by the bad character of their ministers.
A
A
New
The Rev. Jeremy Belkt*^ap,
I).
D. the celebrated historian of
GAZETTEER.
23 persons svere killed, and
prisoners.
The Indians
were soon overtaken and nearly the
whole party destroyed.
affair,
made
29
Dover, Vt.
Windham
co.
This town was a
part of Wardsborough, until 1810.
It lies 12 miles N. Vv. from Brattle-
borough, 17 N. E. from Bennington, and 120 S. by W. from Moutpelier.
The land in Dover is high
and uneven
more fit for pasturage than tillage.
It is the source
of several branches of VVest, and a
branch of Deerfield river.
Serpentine and chlorite slate are found
;
iMew Hampshire, was ordained in
this town in 1767.
He removed to here.
Boston, and was settled there April
He died in Boston, June
4, 1787.
20, 1798, aged 54.
This town in its early years was
greatly frequented by the Indians
and experienced many sufferings
in their repeated attacks upon the
inhabitants.
In 1675, Maj. Waldron by a stratagem secured about
200 Indians
at
Dover,
who had
at
times exhibited signs of hostility.
Seven or eight of them, who had
been guilty of some atrocities, were
immediately hanged, and the rest
sold into slavery.
The Indians
abroad rega-ded this act of Waldron
—
Population, 1830, 831.
Bover, Mass.
Norfolk CO.
Dover lies 5 miles
from Dedham, and 14 S. S. W.
from Boston.
It was taken from
Dedham in 1784. This town is
bounded northeily by Charles river,
and in it are manufactures of nails,
iron hoops and rods, ploughs, brushes, boots and shoes.
Total amount
of manufactures in 1836, $99,658,
Vy\
The surface of Dover is uneven,
and a large part of it covered Vvitu
wood. Population, 1837, 518.
EJo«-ii East, Tile,
breach of faith, and swore
TVe crave the facor of a letter
against him implacable revenge.
In 1689, after a lapse of 13 yea^rs, frcra our friends " Down East."
they determined to execute their See Barnard, Me.
project.
Previous to the fatal night
I>raciit, Mass.
(27th of June) some hints had been
thrown out by the squaws, but they
Middlesex co. Dracut is united
were either misunderstood or dis- to Lowell by a bridge over Merriregarded and the people sufiered mack river. The town is pleasantthem to sleep in their garrisons as ly situated on the N. side, on the
usual.
In the stillness of night the line of N. H., with a tolerable soil
doors of the garrisons were opened, and some water power, by Beaver
and the Indians, at a concerted sig- river. It lies 27 miles N. fiom Eosnal, rose from their lurking places, ton, and 16 N. by E. from Concord.
and rushed upon the defenceless in- Incorporated, ITOl.
Population,
habitants. Waldron, though 80 years 1837, 1,898.
The manufactures of
of age, made a gallant defence, but Dracut consist of woolen goods,
was overwhelmed by the superior leather, cutlery, boots and shoes.
numbers of his adversaries, who Annual amount, exclusive of woolliterally cut hirn to pieces.
In this en goods, about ^'25,000.
as a
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Dresden, Me.
Lincoln co. On the E. bank of
Kennebec river, near the head of
Swan Island, 9 miles N. W. from
Wiscasset, 14 S. from Augusta, and
59 N. E. from Portland, This is a
large agricultural township, with
some trade on the river. Previous
to the division of the county, in
1789, Dresden was the shire town
or place where all the courts in
Maine were holden, E. of Kenne-
bec
Dresden was incorpo-
river.
Popula-
rated as a town in 1794.
tion, 1S37, 1,570.
TValjiole,
Dviljlin,
who shall statedly preach in
Dublin. The first settlements were
in 1762, by John Alexander, and
others. Population, 1S30, 1,218.
ister,
Dudley, Mass.
Dre%vsville, N. H.
See
land in general is much better for
grazing than tillage. The late Rev.
Edward Sprague bequeathed nearly 8,000 dollars for the support of
public schools, the annual interest
of which is to be applied to this obHe also left the town $5,000,
ject.
the interest of which, paid quarterly, is to be applied to the support
of an ordained congregational min-
Worcester co. This good farming town was called by the Indians
Chahanaknngkomwn.
H.
It is finely
by the Qiiinnebaug and
excelCheshire co. It is 10 miles E. other stream?, and possesses
During the
S. W. lent mill privileges.
by S. from Keene, and 50
trie valfrom Concord. Dublin is situated year ending April 3, 1837,
Dudley
heio-htof land between Con- ue of the nian'.if.ic'ures of
on the
The artinecticut and Merrimack rivers. Its amounted to $346,826.
were woolen
streams are small those on the W. cles manufactured
]^f.
watered
;
side run into the Ashuelot, those on
The
the E. into Contoocook river.
rain which falls on the roof of the
goods, leather, sIjoos, scythe snaiths,
The valchairs, and cabinet ware.
ue of wool grown was .$1,585.
Dudley lies 55 miles S. W. from
church is shared by the rivers.
and
There is a pond near the middle of Boston, IS S. from Worcester,
pond, one 34 N. W. from Providence. Incorpothe town called Centre
1837, 1,415.
mile in length and about the same rated, 1731. Population,
A
large portion of the
lies in the N. W.
part of Dublin, and near the centre of the town is Breed's mounMonadnock was formerly cotain.
vered with a growth of small tim-
in breadth.
Grand Monadnock
ber and shrubbery, but tires having run over it at different times,
than ragged
it presents little more
Between the rocks, howthere are low whortleberry
bushes, which produce great quantities of fruit of a very rich flavor.
The season for ripening is the latter part of August, and to those
rocks.
ever,
who
son
ascend the summit at this seathey are peculiarly grateful.
This mountain is not difficult of acThe view from its summit
cess.
Its height is 3,718 feet
is sublime.
above the level of the sea. The
11
Duke's County,
Ma ,s.
Edgarton is the county town.
This county is formed of the islands
of Martha's Vineyard, ChappequidIslands, and No
dic, Elizabeth
latter of which
the southern extremity of MasThese islands lie off
sachusetts.
and S. of Barnstable county and
Buzzard's bay, and contain about
120 square miles. The principal
island, Martha's Vineyard, the In-
Man's Land— the
is
dian J\"ope, or Capaivock, was first
settled by the whites, at Edgarton,
in 1641, and is 21 miles in length
and 6 in breadth. Although a large
portion of this county is Avoodhmd,
and many of the people engaged
in the fisheries and coasting trade,
yet considerable exports are annu-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
made of wool, v/oolen cloth,
and grain. This county suffered much during the revolutionnry
war.
In 1778, the people were
compelled to surrender their lire
arms and 2,300 head of cattle to the
British.
Incorporated, l(>y5. Population, 1S20, 3,2</2; 1830,3,518;
1837, 3,735: 32 inhabitants to a
square rnile. There were on these
ally
salt
islands, in 1S37, 11,281 sheep.
©miinier, K.
II.,
ants of Scotch Irish, so called, from
the North of Ireland.
Their posterity still retain many traits of
character peculiar to that people.
Dunbartcn was granted in 1751, to
Archibald Stark and others.
Its
present name is deiived fiom Bumbarton, in Scotland, from whence
Stark emigrated.
The lirst settlement was made about 17-19.
William Stinson, born in Ireland, came
to
Londonderry with
his father.
He
was much respected and was a useCoos CO., is bounded N by Mills- ful man. James Rogers was
from
field and Errol, and comprises 23,Ireland, and father toMajor Robert
040 acres.
it was granted March
Rogers.
Me was shot in the woods,
8, 1773, and is watered by the Ambeing niistaken fo!' a bear.
monoosuck and Androscoggin.
Bxiniiioi-e Italic, Vt.
Population, 1830, G5.
See Salisbury.
UiisiaMicrstosi, Vt.
Windham
co.
Biiii3tal>le, JJass.
"West river passes
through this town and gives it a
Middlesex co. Nashua river wagood v/ater power. The surface is ters the N. W. part
of the town,
rough and hilly, but adapted to graz- and passes into Nashua, N.
H. The
ing. Black mountain, near tiie cen- surface
of the town is level
some
tre, is a vast body of granite. Good
part of it is good land, but generalslate for buildings, and primitive
ly it is light and sandy.
It has no
liineslone ai-e found.
There are in manufactures, and only 315 sheep.
Dummerston some manufacturing Popuhition, 1837, 570. Incorporaconcerns. and a considerable nuxiiber ted, leSo.
Dunstable lies 27 miles
;
of sheep.
Population, 1330, 1,592:
90 miles S. from Montpelier, and 8
S. E. from Newfanc.
N. W. from Boston, IS N. by W.
from Concord, and 6 S. from Nashua.
Diii-Iiani,
UiiiiUjartcii,
Merrimack
K. H.
This town lies
W. from Concoid, and 7
Hopkiajon.
Population,
co.
9 miles S.
S. E. fj'om
1830, 1,0G7.
The situation of the
toAvn is somewhat elevated, though
there are but fav/ hiiis, nor anv
The air is clear, the
good, and the health of its
inhabitants is seldom interrupted by
sickness.
The soil is good, peculiarly suited for corn, wheat and orcharding. Almost every lot in town
is capable of m.aking a good farm.
mountains.
water
is
The farmei-s here have good buildings and are excellent husbandmen.
The advantages in point of water
privileges arc not great.
The inhabitants are principally Uviscend-
—
Me.
Cumberland co. Located on the
Androscoggin river, and
S. side of
united v.ith Lisbon by a bridge.
This is a township of good land, and
farming is the piincipal occupation
of the
inhabitants.
Durham
lies
25 miles N. from Portland and 31
S. W. from Augusta.
Population,
1837, 1,832.
Incorporated, 1789.
is 32 miles E. by
from Concord, 11 ?/. N. W. from
Portsmouth, and 7 S. fiom Dover.
Population, 1830,1,606.
The situation of this town, upon tlie Piscataqua and its branches, is very favorable both as to water power and
transportation. Oyster river, one of
Stratford co.,
S.
•
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the branches of the Piscataqua, issues from Wheelwright's pond, in
Lee, and after running nearly its
whole course in Durham, furnishing
in its progress several convenient
mill seats, falls into the
main river
near Piscataqua bridge. This bridge
is 2,600 feet in length and 40 in
width.
It cost $65,400.
The tide
flows in this branch of the river up
to the falls near the meeting-house
in the village,
amount
where business
to a
annually transacted.
This village is a very central depot
for the lumber and produce of the
adjacent country.
Lamprey river,
another branch of the Piscataqua,
runs through the westerly part of
this town, over several falls remarkably well adapted for mill seats, into
the town of New Market, wheie it
falls into the Great Bay.
Upon both
sides of Oyster river, a deep argillaceous loam prevails, which is peculiarly favorable to the production
large
is
of the grasses, of which very heavy
crops are cut, and hay is an article
of considerable export.
Extensive
ledges of excellent granite, with
which
this
town abounds, have been
much profitable em-
the source of
ployment
A
to the inhabitants.
large block of detached granite in
the southeast part of this town was
formerly placed in a very singular
situation.
Its weight was 60 or 70
tons, and it was poised so exactly
upon two other stones as to be visibly moved by the wind.
It was
some years since dislodged from
this extraordinary position by the
barbarous curiosity of some visitors.
Durham was originally a part
of Dover; but soon after its settlement was formed into a distinct parish by thf. name of Oyster river,
from the stream which passes
thi-ough it.
From the abundance
of excellent oysters found in its
waters, this river probably derived
its name, and it was a famous rendezvous of the Indians. For many
years this place suffered exceedingly by Indian depredations and mur-
ders.
In 1694, when a large part
of the inhabitants had marched to
the westward, the Indians, who
were dispersed in the woods about
Oyster river, having diligently obseived the number of men in one
of the garrisons, rushed upon eighteen of them, as they were going
to their morning devotions, and having cut oil" their letreat to the house,
put them all to death except one,
who fortunately escaped. They
then attacked the house, in which
there were only two boys, beside
the women and children.
The
boys kept them off for some time
and wounded several of them. At
length the Indians set fire to the
house and even then the boys would
not surrender till the Indians had
promised to spare their lives. The
however, perfidiously murthree or four children, one
of whom they fixed upon a sharp
stake in the view of its mother.
The next spring the Indians narrowly watched the fiontiers, to determine the safest and most vulnerable points of attack.
The
settlement at Oyster river was selected for destruction.
Here were
twelve garrisoned houses, amply
sufficient for the reception of the
inhabitants; but not apprehending
any danger, many of the families
remained in their unfortified houses,
and those who were in the garrisons
latter,
dered
were
siege,
indifferently
as
powder.
they
prepared for
were
a
destitute of
The enemy approachc'
the place undiscovered and halted
near the falls.
One John Dean,
whose house stood near the falls,
happening to rise very early for a
journey before the dawn of day,
was shot as he came out of his
door.
The attack now commenced
on all points where the enemy was
ready.
The enemy entered the
house of a Mr. Adams without
resistance, where they murdered
fourteen persons, whose graA'cs can
still be traced.
The house of John
Buss, the minister, was destroyed
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
together with his valuable library.
He was absent at the time, and his
wife and family fled to the woods.
Many other cruelties were perpetrated, when the Indians, fearing
that the inbabitantsfrom the neighboring settlements would collect
against them, retreated, having
killed or captured between 90 and
100 persons, and
destroyed 20
houses, 5 of wliich were garrisoned.
Minute accounts of these disasters
are given in Belknap's valuable History of New Hampshire, to which
the reader is referred.
Tbe first
preacher
who
statedly officiated in
Durham was John Buss; but he
never was ordained. He died 1736,
at the age of 108.
Rev. Hugh
Adams
settled
Maj. Gen.
March
28, 1718.
John Sullivan",
of
the revolutionary army, was a resident of this town, and died here
Jan. 23, 1795.
He was a native of
Berwick, Me. ; was a distinguished
commander during the war was
president of the state three years,
and afterwards district judge of
New Hampshire. On all occasions
he proved liimself the firm supporter of the rights of the country.
;
!Dur3iai», Ct.
Middlesex
first
settled
This town was
Its Indian
co.
in
1698.
name was Coginchaug.
It lies 7
miles S. by W. from Middletown,
and 20 S. from Hartford.
Population, 1830, 1,116.
Agriculture is
the principal employment of the
people of JDurham, for which they
have rather an uneven but fertile
" This town has been distinsoil.
guished many years for a very fine
breed of cattle.
Two oxen, presented by some of the inhabitants to
General Washington, furnished a
dinner for all the officers of the
American army
and
all
at
Valley Forge,
These oxen
hundred
their servants.
were driven almost
five
miles, through a country nearly exhausted of its forage
yet one of
them, a steer, five years old, weigh;
ed two thousand two hundred and
seventy pounds."
Capt. Israel Camp, a noted psalmodist died in Durham, in 1778.
Duston's
Islaiitl, ]^.
H.
This small island in the Merrimack
at the mouth of Contoocook river,
between Concord and Boscawen,
has become celebj-ated on account
of an exploit of a lady whose name
it
bears.
On the 15th March, 1698,
made a descent on Ha-
the Indians
verhill,
Mass. where they took Mrs.
Hannah Duston, who was
confined
her bed witii an infant only six
days old, and attended by her nurse,
Mary NifT. The Indians took Mrs.
Duston from her bed and carried
her away with the nurse and infant.
They soon despatched the latter by
dashing its head against a tree.
When they had proceeded as far as
this island, which has been justly
called Duston's island, on their way
to an Indian town situate a consid1o
erable distance above, the Indians
informed the women that they must
be stripped and run the gauntlet
through the villaoe on their arrival.
Mrs. Duston and her nurse had
been assigned to a family consisting of two stout men, three women,
and seven children, or young Indians, besides an English boy who
had been taken from Worcester.
Mrs. Duston, aware of the cruelties that awaited her, formed the
design of exterminating the whole
family, and prevailed upon the
nurse and the boy to assist her in
A
their destruction.
little before
day, finding the whole company in
a sound sleep, she awoke her confederates, and with the Indian
hatchets despatched ten of the
twelve. One of the women whom
they thought they had killed made
her escape, and a favorite boy they
designedly left. Mrs. Duston and
her companions arrived safe home
with the scalps, though their danger from the enemy and from famine in travelling so far,
must have
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
with some lakes of smalThe general court of connected
general outlet is north
grant of ler size. The
14
Massachusetts made her a
by Chipquedopskook river, about
many other
£50, and she received
the river St.
been
great.
miles in length, into
valuable presents.
John.
taken
Dwxl>Tiry, Vt.
co.
Duxbury
vation.
and was,
a branch of Taunton river,
1S23, a part of the ancient
until
It is 24 miles S, by
Brido-ewater.
First settled,
from Montpelier.
Population, 1S30, 651.
17S6.
W. from
E. ir^m Boston and 17 S.
Population, 1830, 1,653
Plymouth.
DuxlJiiry, Mass.
Plymouth
This town
co.
Massachusetts bay
bor
in
lies
on
Plymouth har-
East Bridge water
1,927.
good water power, and manhas a
ufactm-ed the year ending April 1,
goods. 1 he
1837, .$414,044 value of
—1837,
29 miles S. E. trom Bos-
It is
N. from Plymouth. Duxa good
bury aflTords some good land,
variety ot
water power and a great
was Matscenery. Its Indian name
ton and 6
\ al$69,543.
The
of vessels built, $169,048.
ue
cloth, leather,boots
value of woolen
to
castings and
shoes, salt, iron, brass
tinware manufactured, amounted
to
Some attention is paid
4il05 787.
manhere to rearing sheep, and the
cordage.
ufacture of
tree
in Duxbury an apple
There
noted
ness.
is
for its
It is
a^e, size and fruitfulof a hundred
forty feet in height,
upwards
It is
years old.
goods,
articles consisted of cotton
iron, nails,
boots, shoes, leather, bar
lead pipe, chaises, window
tacks,
boxes.
blinds, sashes and shoe
coasting
aheeset. Ship buikling, the
busiand fisheries is the chief
trade
In 1837, it had
place.
ness of the
cod and
46 vessels employed in the
fishery, the product ol
mackerel
which amounted
inches
and itscircuiT'l-ercnce, eight
Its
feet.
from the around, is 16
barin one year, has made 10
fruit,
hushels for
of cider, besides 30
Eastljrooli,
Plancock co.
See " Down East."
East
number of vessels are owned
and
here, and the coasting trade
give employment to many
t^^heries
The town is
of the inhabitants.
A
watered by Maskachug and Hunt s
nulls
rivers, on which are cotton
soil
and other manufactories. The
tovm is rather rough and
of the
of
stony, but it yields good crops
East
corn, barley and potatoes.
is noted for excellent
and cider.
The " Kentish Guards" was esproved
tablished here in 1774, and
officers,
a nursery of distinguished
General
of which the celebrated
Nathaniel Greene was one. Across
Greenwich
fruit
Me.
in the
county
Aroosof Penobsc'ot, between the
took and St.
John's rivers.
11*
It is
I.
bay, 13 miles S. from Providence, and comprises an excellent
harbor for ships of 500 tons burthen.
See Steuhen.
is
R.
set
Dyer's Bay, Me.
This large lake
GreciiAvicli,
This
Shire town of Kent co.
and
town was incorporated in 1677,
on Narraganis pleasantly located
1S37,2,7&J.
the cellar. Population,
Lalce,
Me.
Incorporated, 1837.
rels
Eagle
Brunswick.
East Briilgewatev, Mass.
Plymouth co. This town lies on
12 miles \\.
lies
New
to
This town lies
river, and is
S. side of Onion
on the
of its branches.
watered bv several
good,
The land along Onion river is
greater part of the township
hut the
and unht for cultiis mountainous
Washington
Great quantities of logs arc
sawed and sent
to this outlet,
^
milos.
the bay, to Bristol, is about 8
1,591.
Population, 1830,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
East Haddam,
^
Middlesex
co.
A
Ct.
1,059.
First settled, 1644.
Incorporated, 1646.
The product of the
cod and mackerel iisbery in 1836,
was $30,900. The value of salt,
boots, shoes and palm-leaf hats
manufactured, was {jJ!l0,561.
town of con-
siderable trade and manufacturing
enterprise, on the east side of the
Connecticut, and at the outlet of
Salmon river. It lies 18 miles above
the moutli of Connecticut river, 14
below Middletown, and 30 S. S. E.
from Hartford. The soil is hilly and
rocky, and more fit for grazing than
tillage.
Considerabie" business is
done here in the shad fishery. It is
supposed that more leather is made
in this than in any other tov/n in the
state.
This place has line water
privileges, both for navigation and
manufactures.
short distance from
the centre of the town is a pond
covering 1,000 acres. On the river
EastliaiiiptoM, Mass.
Hampshire co.
This is a pleastown on the YV. side of Connecticut river.
The Hampshire and
ant
Hampden canal passes through it.
In the year ending April 1, 1837,
$40,000 worth of lasting buttons
were manufactured; also cotton
goods, leather, boots and shoes, to
the amount of $15,300
5 miles
A
formed by the outlet of
pond,
is precipitated over rocks
nearly 70 feet perpendicular. The
scenery around these falls is beautiful, and Vv'orthy of particular
no-
East Hartford,
this
the water
There are 6 cotton mills in East
of which manufac-
Haddam, two
ture twine.
Leesville, on
Salmon
Mechanicsville, on
river,
Moodus
and
river,
a branch of Salmon river, are very
flourishing settlements.
This place, the Indian Mackiis remarkable for frequent
slight shocks of earthquakes, producing singular noises, which the
moodus,
Indians attributed to the anger of
their gods towards the white^men.
It is said that some valuable
geological discoveries have recently been
made in
was first
Hartford co.
this quarter.
The town
settled in lG85,but not in-
corporated until 1724.
Population,
in 1835, about 3,000.
This is the
birth place of many distinguished
men.
The venerable Nathaniel
Emmons, D. D., of Franklin, Mass.
was born here.
Eastliani, Mass.,
Barnstable co., on a narrow part
of the cape, 23 miles E. by N. from
Barnstable.
Population in 1837,
Ct.
This town
is
situa-
ted opposite to Hartford, and
connected with it by a bridge across
Connecticut river.
is generally
town
lice.
S.
:
from Northampton. Pop. 1837, 793.
alluvial
meadows
The
of the
but the
on the border of
soil
fertile,
the river, of which there is a large
tract, is of a superior quality.
The
agricultural products of this town
are very considerable.
Hackanum
river furnishes the town with
a
good water power,on which are valuable manufacturing establishments
particularly of paper.
East Hartford is noted for its manufactures
in
former years.
The first powder
mill in this country, it is said,
was
erected here in 1775.
Anchors,
mill screws, nail rods, gunpowder^
paper, snuff and glass were manufactured here in 1784.
The ea?-ly
settlers found the ferocious
and war-
Podunk Indians in this
neighborhood.
One sachem commanded two hundred bowmen. This
is a very pleasant town.
The main
street, which is very long and v/ide,
like tribe of
delightfully shaded '"by stately
elms.
East Hartford was taken
from Hartford in 1784.
Population, 1830, 3,537.
is
East Haven, Vt.
Essex
CO.
Moose
river rises in
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the easterly part of this town and
the Passumpsic passes through the
westerly part. The land is mountainous and most of it unfit for cultivation.
It lies 45 miles N. from
First settled, 1790.
Montpelier
Population, 1S30, 33.
ilBast
Haven,
Ct.
New Haven co. This town was
taken from New Haven, in 1785, and
is connected with New Haven by
abridge. Population, 1830, 1,229.
It has good navigable privileges,
and is watered by Qaianipiac river.
It has some trade, but the principal
employment
of the inhabitants is
agriculture and fishing.
This was a great resort for the
Indians in former years. On Grave
Hill was an Indian fort and cemeBones of Indians of a large
tery.
size, and domestic and warlike implements for savage use, have been
found here. The Indian Well, in a
granite rock, on an island in Stony
river, is a curiosity.
It is about 30
inches in diameter, very smooth at
the bottom.
It is now about 5 feet
in depth, but formerly it was deepIt was evidently formed by
er.
the attrition of sand and pebbles
which passed over this rock, it being
at some former period, the bed of
East Haven is pleasantthe river.
ly located, and commands a fine
prospect of Long Island Sound.
Kast Kingston, N.
Rockingham
co.
II.
Its soil is
of an
excellent quality, and well adapted
to the cultivation of grain and grass.
Powow river crosses the S. W. part
of this town, having its sources in
the ponds of Kingston.
The town
was incoi-porated Nov. 17, 173S.
Rev. Peter Cothn was
settled
here
Population, 1S30, 442. It
lies 40 miles S. E. by E. from Concord, and 20 S. S. W. from Portsin 1739.
mouth.
East
Washington
Slaciiias, 5Ie.
co.
This
is
a flour-
town on navigable waters.
was incorporated in 1S26, and is
ishing
It
eastern part of Old Machias.
on both sides of East Machias river, 149 miles E. by N. from
Augusta. Population, 1837, 1,282.
East Machias has a great water
power, a large number of mills, and
a very pleasant village.
It is extensively engaged in the lumber
the
It lies
trade.
Elaston, Mass.
Bristol CO. Two branches of Taunton river water this town, on which
arc a woolen and 4 cotton mills,
and various iron works. The manufactures consist of cotton and woolen goods, pig iron, iron castings,
wire, boots, shoes, shovels, sp ides,
forks, hoes, cutlery, palm-leaf l.ats,
straw bonnets, surveyors' instruments and shoe pegs
the value
of which in one year (exclusive of
woolen cloth, boots and shoes,)
amounted to 207,100.
The manufacture of shovels, spades, forks and
hoes, amounted to ^108,000.
Easton lies 22 miles S. from Boston and
10 N. by W. from Taunton.
Incorporated, 1725. Population, 1837,
1,976.
:
—
.
Eastport,
7»ic.
"Washington co.
The township
of Eastport embraces and is constituted of Moose, Dudley's, Frederick and Patmos islands, the chief
of which, whereon the village of
Eastport stands, is Moose island, in
sight of, and but a short distance
from, Indian and Campo Bello islands, belonging to the British. Eastport is a beautiful harbor in Passamaquoddy bay, on the eastern boundary of the United States, and noted for smuggling adventures by
strangers visiting the place during the embargo and war.
It is
about 7 miles N. by W. from West
Quoddy Head, 176 E. by N. from
Augusta, and about 30 E.N. E. from
Machias.
The tide is very rapid,
and rises 25 feet.
There are two
�NEW ENGLAND
long bridges connecting Moose island with Dennysville and Perry
each cost $10,000.
Eastport and
Lubec are the chief towns in Passamaquoddy bay, and are extensively engaged in the fisheries, and the
trade of the extensive waters of the
river St. Croix and Bay of Fundy.
Tonnage of Passamaquoddy bay,
Cobscook Bay und its trib10,712.
utary waters, on the west, give to
Eastport a large trade in lumber.
Moose Island contains 2,150 acres
;
of rough land.
It was first settled
in 1780.
In 1790 it contained only
244 inhabitants. There are now on
the Island a handsome village, containing 60 wharves, 80 stores, 5
meeting-houses, a United Slates
garrison, and 5,000 inhabitants.
East Windsor,
Ct.
Hartford co.
First settled IfiSO.
Taken from Windsor, 176S. This
is an excellent townsliip of land.
Its extensive meadows on the cast
side of Connecticut river are of
uncommon fertility and beauty.
Among the
various agricultural products vv'ith which thii town abounds,
tobacco has been cultivated with
success, and manufactured.
It is
said that 70,000 bushels of rye has
Scantic
been raised in a season.
river, a considerable mill stream,
passes through the north part of
the town, and gives it the name of
Scantic. The vilhige of iVapping
is in the S. E. section of the town.
The principal street, about a mile
back of the river, is the village,
running the whole leno;th of tlie
town, wide, neatly built and beautifully shaded.
East Windsor lies 8
miles N. from Hartford.
Population, 1830, 2,129.
Eatoia, K.
II.,
Strafford co., lies 60 miles N.
E. from Concord and 55 N. N. E.
from Dover, and is bounded E. by
Population, 1830, 1,432.
Maine.
The soil of the uplands, which are
quite uneven, is moderately good.
GAZETTEER.
and
the plains furnisli excellent
pine timber.
There are several
small ponds in this town.
Eaton
was granted Nov. 7, 1776, to Clement March and 65 others.
Eddingtoii, Me.
Penobscot
co.
This town
lies
on
the east side of Penobscot river, 6
miles above, and N. N. E. from
Bangor, and 70 N. E. by E. from
Augusta. The village is pleasantly
situated at the " Bend " of the river.
Tiie soil of the town is good and well
wooded. It produced, in 1837, 2,414
bushels of wheat. Population, ISS"?
558.
Eden, Me.,
Hancock
on the north
part of the island of Mount Desert,
and taken from the town of Mount
co., situated
Desert (which formerly comprised
the whole island) 1795.
First settled, 1763.
Eden lies 92 miles E.
from Augusta, and about 18 S. by E.
from Ellsworth. Population, 1837,
1,024.
The town has a good soil,
good harbors, and possesses great
advantages for the shore fishery.
It is said that 500 bushels of cranberries have been picked in Eden
in a season.
Cranberry isles lie
on the coast, about 3 miles south.
Eden, Vt.
Lamoille co. This township was
granted to " Col. Seth Warner and
his associates, our worthy friends,
the officers and soldiers of his regi-
ment
in the line of the continental
army," August 28, 1781.
" Our
friends," for their patriotic services,
certainly deserved a better township than this, for it is mountainous,
rocky and cold ; it is however good
for grazing, and produces some fine
beef cattle and sheep. It is watered by Green river and Wild Branch.
Several ponds in the town afford
Eden lies 30 miles
good fishing.
N. from Montpelier, and is bound-
ed S. by Hydepark.
1830, 461.
Population,
�NEW ENGLAND
Edgartowiij Mass.
Dukes
County town and
CO.
GAZETTEER.
Population, 1837, 205. See "
East."
Down
port of entry on the island of ]\Iar-
—
91 miles S. E. from
tha's Vineyard
Boston, 20 N. W. by W. from Nantucket, 28 S. E. by E. from New
Bedford, 20 S. from Falmouth, and
First set495 from "Washington.
Incorporated, 1671.
1641.
tled,
Population, 1837, 1,625. Edgartown
(Old Town) harbor is on the east
side of the town, in lat. 41° 25' N.;
This township inIon. 70° 25' W.
cludes the fertile island of Chappequiddick, on the southeast, on which
some Indians.
This island
5
miles in length and 2 1-2 in breadth.
are
is
very pleasant and forms Old
Eight whale ships
harbor.
belong to this place, and a number
This is said to
of coasting vessels.
be the only place in the state where
grouse are native. The value of
sperm oil imported, in the year endIt is
Town
1837, was ^65,598.
of salt, oil casks, ])oats
and hats manufactured the same
The value of
year, was $7,260.
wool, the product of 2,150 sheep,
ing April
The value
1,
was $1,590.
^Cdgecoml), Me.
Lincoln co. This town is bounded by Damariscotta river on the E.
and Sheepscot river on the W., and
lies nearly opposite to Wiscasset
26 miles S.
across the latter river.
Population,
S. E. from Augusta.
This town enjoys
1837, 1,282.
great facilities for navigation, the
fisheries, ship building and the lumber business. It is a place of considerable trade. First settled, 1744.
There are several
Strafford co.
mountains of considerable elevation
in this town.
The Ossipee river
passes through the town, over which
is a toll-bridge.
Province pond lies
between Effingham and Wakelield.
Etfingham was settled a few years
prior to
the
revolution.
vitt's
Penobscot
Me.
Incorporated, 1835.
See " Down
Population, 1837, 89.
East."
co.
fidmouds, Me.;
Washington co., situated between
Cobscook bay and East Machias.
wag
Effingham borders W.
18, 1773.
on Ossipee lake and E. on Maine.
It lies 58 miles N. E. from Concord
and 25 N. E. by E. from Gilford.
Population, 1830, 1,911.
I^gremout, Mass.
A
mountainous
Berkshire co.
township, watered by branches of
Incorporated,
Housatonick river.
140 miles W. from Boston
1760.
and 15 S. S. W. from Lenox. Population, 1S37, 968.
The manufdc-
tures of Egremont consist of wheat
flour, leather, boots, shoes, harnesses, stone, (sawed,) chairs and cabTotal amount in one
inet ware.
Value of 1,790
year, $29,100.
fleeces of wool, $2,770.
Eliialbeth.,Cape, Me.
This celebrated cape
lies in
the
town of Cape Elizabeth, and forms
the
western limits of Casco bay.
the point of the cape is a
Near
light-house,
50 feet in height, in
N. lat. 43° 33', W. Ion. 70° 11'.
For the toicn of Cape Eliza-
beth,
see Register.
Elixalieth. Islands,
Ediiibiirgli,
It
known by the name of LeaTown. Incorporated, Aug.
then
These
islands
are
Mass.
attached to
and lie between
Buzzard's bay and Vineyard sound.
Dukes county,
They are 16 in number. The largest, Nashawn and Nashawenna, are
inhabited.
Gosnold, the discoverer
of Cape Cod, spent the Avinter of
1602-3, on one of these islands.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Ellington, Ct.
Tolland CO. Ellington was taken
from East Windsor in 17S6, and was
that part of East Windsor called the
streams which again unite,
into the Saco at Bartlett.
it
fall*
Elligo Fond, Vt.
This beautiful sheet of water,
Great Marsh. The soil is light
two miles in length and half a mile
and dry, but considerably fertile.
in breadth, lies partly in Craftsbury
It is generally level, but the eastand partly in Greensborough, Orern part is hilly and mountainous.
leans county.
Its northern outlet
Foi-merly the lands in this town
passes to Black river
its southern
were held in low estimation, but by
There are two
to the Lamoille.
the industry of the people in their
small islands in the lake.
This was
cultivation they have risen in char" The scenery in a favorite resort for the Indians, and
acter and value.
;
this
town embraces considerable va-
uncommonly interesting
and beautiful." The " Ellington
riety and
is
School" for boys, situated in a very
neat village, is in high repute. PopEllington lies
12 miles N. E. from Hartford, and
ulation, 1830, 1,455.
is
bounded
S. E.
by Tolland.
Me.
Elliot,
York CO. This town lies on the
N. W. of Kittery of which it constituted a part until 1810.
It adjoins Salmon Fall river on the S.
W. by which
it
New
is
—
separated
fiom
now attracts numerous lovers of tine
trout and delightful scenery to it3
borders.
EIlsAVortli,
Me.
Chief town of Hancock co. This
a pleasant and flourishing town
on boih sides of Union river, at the
head of navigation. The village is
principally on the E. side, where
there is a good bridge across the
river, 3 miles above the entrance
of the river into the waters connected with Blue Hill bay. The
tide rises at the bridge 10 or 12 feet,
and Ellsworth possesses an enviable
position for maritime and inland
trade.
The location of the courts
is
Hampshire and is bounded
N. by South Berwick, and E. by
York. It is a good farming town
for this
and probably contains
Castine to this place in 1838.
great a
proportion of valuable tillage land
as any in the county according to
its size.
Population, 1837, 1,859.
Elliot is 108 miles S. W. from Auas
gusta.
Elliotsville,
Somerset
co.
Me.
This place
See "
miles from Augusta.
East."
is
81
Down
Maine,
house
The
eligibly situated on
the W. side of the river.
Ellsworth
is quite an agricultural township.
It has a good soil, and considerable
attention is given to the growth of
coui-t
is
wheat and wool. It lies 81 miles
E. by N. from Augusta, and 30 N.
E. byE. from Bangor.
Population,
1830, 1,385—1837, 2,195.
Ellsvvortli, N. H.,
Ellis' Rivers.
Ellis' river, in
county was changed from
is
a tribu-
tary to the Androscoggin.
It rises
N. of Rumford, in the county of
Oxford, and passes through that
town. Ellis' river, in JVeto Hamjjshire, rises on the E. side of the
White mountains, in several small
streams, near the sources of Peabody river, and separating into two
Grafton co., is 52 miles N. N.W.
from Concord and 20 S. E. from
Haverhill.
It is
Population, 1830, 234.
a mountainous tract of territo-
The most prominent elevation
small stream
Carr's mountain.
issues from West Branch pond and
runs into the Pemigewasset at
ry.
A
is
Campton.
parts
The
sterile,
soil, though in some
produces wheat, rye
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEEn.
Maple sugar
and corn.
is
made
here, and clover seed is raised in
considerable quantities. This town,
formerly called Trecothick, was
granted May 1, 1769, to Barlow
Trecothick.
Slmore, Vt.
Lamoille
co.
First settled, 1790.
I
|
one above another for some disAlong the western bank,
between the pond and Mont Calm,
within a few rods of the water, ex-
rise
tance.
tends the turnpike road, the whole
distance through a beautiful village, shaded to the N. on either
side
my
by a growth of trees. Mascoriver empties into this pond in
N. W. part. This pond is supposed to have once been much higher than it now is, and the plain and
five ponds in this town, the waters villages to the south are supposed
of which, the town beinsj very high, to have been the bed of it.
This
descend partly to Lamoille and part- fact is suiTiciently evident from the
ly to Onion rivers.
Some cattle and ancient shore still remaining round
some wool are sent to market.
the pond, about 30 feet above high
water, and from logs having been
iHnilsdeii, Me.
frequently found 12 feet below the
Somerset co.
fine township surface of the plain once flowed.
of land with two pleasant villages, On the W. bank, near the southern
on the W. side of Kennebec liver. extremity, is the Shakers' settleSeven Mile brook passes through ment, situated on a fertile plain.
the S. W. corner of the town.
The structure of the buildings, tho'
Embden produced, in 1S37, 6,400 not lofty, are neat and convenient.
bushels of wheat and considerable They occupy about 1,000 acres of
wool.
Incorporated, 1804.
Popu- land, and their number consists of
lation, 1837, 1,043.
about 240. They are agriculturalIt is 46 miles
N. N. W. from Augusta and about ists and mechanics. Garden seeds
13 miles N. by W. from Norridge- arc grown, and Vvooden v/arc, whips,
wock.
corn broon^s, leather, and various
other articles, are manufactured by
Enfield, Me.
them with peculiar neatness. See
Penobscot co.
Incorporated, Canterburt/.
1S35.
See " Down East."
r^Iountain pond, on the summit of
Mont Calm, is 200 rods long, and
JEnlield, N. II.
100 wide. At the outlets of ths
Grafton co.
Enfield comprises ponds are mills of various kinds.
24,060 acres, of which about 2,500 The town was formerly called lielacres arc water.
It is 10 miles S.
han, and was incorporated by charE. from Dartmouth College and 40 ter, granted to Jedcdiah Dana and
N. W. fi-om Concoi'd. Its surface others, Julv 4th, 1761. Population,
is diversified with hills and valleys,
1830, 1,492.
and watered by a vaiiety of ponds
Enfield, Mass.
and streams, stored with lish of every species coinmon to tlie country.
Hampshire co. Swift river passJ.iascomy pond, which has acquir- es through this town, and adds much
ed from travellers the appellation to its beauty and importance.
of Pleasant pond, is a beautiful col- The manufactures of this place, the
lection of water, 4 miles in length year ending April 1, 1837, amountand of various breadth, interspersed ed to $182^669.
The articles conwith islands and checkered with sisted of cotton and woolen goods,
inlets.
Its eastern banks are covleather, boots, shoes, hats, hoes,
ered with trees ; the hills gradually shingle machines, palm-leaf hats.
lies 16 miles N. from Montpelier and 10 S. from Hydepark.
Population, 1830, 442.
There are
Elmore
A
the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
wool cards, cotton batting and wickThe value of wool grov/n
ing.
miles N. by E. from Montpelier,
and 20 N. E. from St. Albans.
was $1,090.
Enfield lies 71 miles
Boston, and 15 E, from
Northampton.
Population, 1837,
W.
1,053.
JSnlielfl, Ct.
This tov/n M'as
Hartford co.
settled, 1631,
first
:
necticut river was built in ISOS,
connecting Enfield with Sufficld.
The surface is genei-ally level and
The
the soil moist and fertile.
street, where most of tlie inhabitants reside, is very pleasant, wide
and well shaded. The village near
the river was commenced about
1831, at which the manufacture of
carpeting is extensively pursued.
About 120 looms are employed,
making about 800 yards daily. The
manufacture of ploughs is also an
important pursuit in Enfield. It is
watered bv Scantick river.
Population, 1S30, 2,129.
It i-: 18 miles
N. from Hartford, and 8 S. from
Springfield, Mass.
EiiglisliiKiaia's I?ny, Tile.
few miles W. of
Washington counIt receives the waters of Chand-
This bay is
Machias bay,
a
in
considerable stream
contains a number of islands, and
Head
furnishes many fine harbors
haibor, an island otf Jonesborough,
ler's river, a
:
it
is its
western
limits.
EiiosTSjiirsli,
t.
Franklin co.
Missisquo Trout
and other streams give this town
excellent water privileges, and
manufacturing establishments flour-
The surface of the town is
pleasantly diversified by hills and
valleys, and well ad.ipted for grazThe products of the town are
ing.
cattle, buttei', cheese and wool.
Population,
First settled, 1797..
Enosburgli lies 43
1830, 1,560.
ish.
Ilockingham co., lies 29 miles S.
E. from Concord, 20 W. from Portsmouth, and 8 N. W. from Exeter.
It was formerlj^ a part of Exeter,
and was incorporated Feb, 12, 1741.
by emigrants from Sa- The
lem, Mass.
it formerly belonged
to Mass. and was a part of Springfield.
The first bridge across Con-
ty.
E^jping, N. H.,
I'rom
tov/n contains 12,760 acres,
being nearly 20 square miles. The
soil, in general, is very good, and
well suited to j-aise the various pro-
ductions
Lamprey
grow
that
in the
state.
river, at tiie west, receives
the Patuckaway, and runs through
the whole length of the town.
Another river runs through the N.
part of the town, and from that circumstance is called North river.
Py observations taken at 6 in the
forenoon, at 1 and 9 o'clock in the
afternoon, from Fahrenheit's thermometer placed in the open air, 13
feet from the ground, and where
the sun does not shine on the thermometer, the annual average of
heat for 10 years in succession, was
44 1-12^.
During that period the
annual average of rain that fell, was
2 feet 10 inches, and of snow, G feet
7 inches.
William Plxjmer, one of its
most distinguished and estimable
citizens, resides in this town.
(on-iderable portion of his life has
been employed in the service of the
people, in the several stations of
representative and senator in the
legislature, president of the senate,
speaker of the house of j-epresentatives, representative and senator in
congress, and for four years as chiefmagistrate of the state.
Population, 1S30, 1,208.
A
Merrimack
co.
This town
lies
12 miles E. from Concord.
Population, 1830, 1,418.
The surface of
the town is generally uneven. The
eminences are
called
M'Coy's, Fort, Nat's, and Notting-
pi'incipal
ham aiountains.
The
soil is in
gea-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
eral good, and well adapted for grazing or grain. Great and Little Suncook are the only streams deserving
Here are three
the name of rivers.
ponds, Chesnut, Round, and Odiorne's.
Brown oxide, and suiphuret of iron are found, the lattermost
frequently in its decomposed state.
Varieties of quartz, feldspar and
schorl are also found.
An alluvial
deposite has been discovered, which
has been ascertained to be terra de
senna; it constitutes a very handsome and durable paint for cabinet
work.
Epsom was granted May
IS, 1727, to Theodore Atkinson and
others.
Like all other frontier
towns, Epsom was exposed, in its
early settlement, to the Indians.
Maj.
AivBREW M'CL,ARY,ana^
tive of this town, fell
at the battle
June 17, 1775.
Like the illustrious Roman, he left
his plough on the news of the masof
Breed's
Hill,
sacre at Lexington, and in the action when he lost his life displayed
great coolness and bravery.
Srrol,
Coos
]V.
H.
This town
situated
on (he W, of Umbagog lake.
It
contains about 35,000 acres,of which
2,500 are water.
Several considerable streams here unite with the
Androscoo-gin.
Errol was granted
Feb. 28, 1774, to Timothy Ruggles
and others.
Population, 1330,82.
CO.
is
It lies about 30 miles N. N. E. from
Lancaster.
Erving, Mass.
This township reuntil April
Previously it had been
17, 1838.
known by the name of " Erving's
Grant." It is bounded S. by Miller's and W. by Connecticut rivers.
Erving contains some excellent
land, and a great water power. The
year previous to its incorporation,
the manufactures of the town, consisting of satinet, boots, shoes, palmFranklin
co.
mained unincorporated
&c., amounted to
Population, 1837, 292.
leaf hats,
185.
12
^';35,-
Er-
ving lies 95 miles N. N. W. from
Boston, and 10 E. from Greenfield.
Essex County,
"Vt.
Guildhall is the county town.
This county is bounded N. by Lower Canada, W. by the counties of
Orleans and Caledonia, and S. and
E. by Connecticut river.
Area
680 square miles.
This is considered the poorest county in the state ;
but although much of the land is
hilly and mountainous, there is considerable good soil, and a large portion of it is well adapted for grazing.
There were, in 18.36, about 8,000
sheep in the county, and a considerable number of beef cattle and
horses were sent to market.
The
principal streams are the Nulhegan,
which is exclusively in Essex county
the Passumpsic, Moose and
Clvde. Incorporated, 1792.
Population, 1820,3,334; 1830,3,981.
About 6 inhabitants to a square
;
—
mile.
Essex
Coxuitj',
Mass.
Salem, Jpsu-ich, and jYewhuryThis
port are the shire towns.
county is bounded N. W. by Rockingham county. New Hampshire,
S. W. by Middlesex county, E. and
N. E. by the Atlantic ocean, and
S. E. by Massachusetts bay. There
is much good
land in this county,
but its surface is rocky and uneven.
It has an extensive sea coast, indented with numerous bays, inlets,
and capacious harbors.
It is more
densely populated than an}- county
of its size in the United States.
It
has great wealth, and its commerce
and fisheries ai-e unrivalled by any
section of country, of its extent, on
the elobc. Population, 1820, 73,930;
1830, 82,8S7, and in 1837, 93,689.
This county comprises an area of
360 square miles ; the numbei- of
inhabitants to a sqi.are mile is 2G0.
Essex county, although of stubborn
soil, has many very delightful farms,
and furnishes great quantities of
—
hay and vegetables
for
market.
It
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
has
many
manding
board
is
beautiful ponds and comelevations, and its seathe delight of every beHowever fruitful the cit-
coasting trade and the fisheries.
The manufactures of vessels, leather, boots, shoes, bar iron, barrels,
coidage, pump^> and blocks, in the
yeai ending April 1, 1837, amount-
holder.
izens may have rendered the soil
by their industry, this county is essentially a commercial and manufacturing section of
England.
The tonnage of the tive districts, in
1837, was 85,933 tons. The amount
of manufactures, for the year ending April 1, 1837, was $10,21(i,.300 ;
and the amount of the whale, cod
ed to ^102,271. The tonnage employed in the cod and mackerel fishery was 878 tons. Population, 1837,
Essex is a pleasant and
1,402.
flourishing town.
New
Etna, Me.
Penobscot co. This is an excel
lent farming town with no important streams.
It lies 63 miles N. E.
from Augusta, 17 W. from Bangor,
and bounded by Dixmont on the
S.
Incorporated, 1820.
Population, 1830, 362—1837, 626.
Etna
is fine wheat land
it produced, in
and mackerel tisheries, amounted
The principal riv$1,378,144.
ers in Essex county are the Merrito
mack and Shavvsheen. Essex counwas incorporated in 1643, and has
to some of the most distinguished merchants in the United
ty
given birth
Among many
:
may
be mentioned William Gray,
Israel Thorndike, and Wil-
1837, 2,421 bushels.
liam Parsons.
co. Exeter is 65 miles
E. from Augusta, and 25 S.W.
from Bango!'. It was incorporated in
1811.
Population, 1830, 1,438—
1837, 1,920.
At the "Four Corners," in the northerly pai-t of the
town, is a pleasant village with considerable trade and some mills. The
people of Exeter in 1837, with a
soil not above mediocrity, proved
without effort, by raising 12,058
bushels of wheat, that the state of
States.
others
Exeter, Ble.
Penobscot
N.N.
Essex, Vt.
Chittenden co. This town is fineby Onion river on the
S. and Brown's river, a branch of
the Lamoille, on the N,
It is also
watered by other smaller streams.
At Hubbell's falls, on Onion river,
are admirable mill sites, at v>'hich
are manufactures of some extent.
ly watered
The
surface of the town is level
a considerable portion of the soil is
dry and somewhat sandy, but produces good crops of corn and rye.
Alqng Onion river are some tracts
of beautiful intervale.
Essex was
first settled in 1783.
It lies 31 miles
N. W. from Montpelier, and 8 N.
N. E. from Burlington.
Population, 1830, 1,664.
;
|
I
|
i
\
i
Maine
j
I
is abundantly able, by means
within itself, to supply the whole
family of Yankees with bj-ead stuffs,
and have some to spare to their^
western brethren.
Exeter, N. H.
Rockingham co.
town lies 40 miles
This beautiful
E. by E. from
W, from Ports-
S.
Concord and 14 S.
mouth. The compact part of the
Essex CO. This town lies at the town lies about tiie falls, which sephead of Chebacco river, running in- arate the fresh from the tide water
to Squam bay, 13 miles N. E. from of a branch of the Piscataqua, callBoston, and 5 miles S. E. from Ips- ed by the natives Swamscot, and
wich, from which it was taken in now known by the name of Exeter
Bssex, Mass.
1819.
Many vessels of 50 to 120
tons are built in this town, and many small vessels are employed in the
Above the falls this stream
assumes the name of Great river,
to distinguish it from one of its
river.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
smaller branches, called Little rivGreat river has its source in
er.
Chester, whence it runs through
several towns before it meets the
tide water in the centre of Exeter.
On thi^ river are many valuable
mill privileges.
and the improve*
the style of husbandry
tially agricultural,
ment
in
has been very great. The number
of industrious and enterprising mechanics, to whom Exeter is indebted for her prosperity, is very rapidly increasing.
See Register.
Phillips' academy, in Exeter, was
The Exeter Cotton ManufacturCompany commenced opera- founded by the liberal donations of
ing
tions April 1, 1830.
Their principal building is of brick, 175 feet by
They have 5,000 spindles, employ 212 girls and 40 men and boys.
They manufacture annually about
1,400,000 yards of sheeting. They
consume about 1,200 bales of cotton, 300 cords of wood and 22,500
pounds of potatoe starch annually.
They have a steam engine, 40 horse
power, to operate when the water
power fails.
This probably consumes annually about 150 chaldrons
45.
LL. D.,in 1781, who
death, in 1795, bequeathed to
the institution a large portion of his
John
Phillips,
at his
estate.
Bejvjamix Abbott, LL. D.
of Sidney coal.
The capital invested in lands, buildings, machinery,
has discharged the duties of principal with distinguished ability for
more than fifty years. The building stands on a plain, near the centre of the town, and is well provided with accommodations for the
ditferent branches of instruction,
and a large iiall for declamation and
the annual exhibitions.
The settlement of Exeter com-
&c.
menced
about $210,000.
mill has been in operation about two years, and will
manufacture from 130 to 150 tons
of powder annually.
A
is
powder
The manufacture
was commenced
of potatoe starch
in 1824.
The
es-
tablishment has been twice burnt,
but is rebuilt with brick, and starch
is now manufactured from wheat as
well as from potatoes. The amount
of sales of starch and gum is about
$10,000 annually.
In the westerly part of the town
is a paper mill, which manufactures
paper to the value of ,-^20,000 annually.
The manufacture of books,
blank books, &c. in Exeter, is very
extensive.
About $100,000 value
of shoes and boots are made annually, and a large amount of leather.
There are also establishments far
the manufacture of morocco leather, cairiages, of various kinds,
brushes, tin and pottery wares.
The soil of Exeter is in general
good, though comprehending every
variety, from that of the best quality to tiie least productive.
Like
most towns in the state, it is essen-
in
1638, by John
Wheel-
wright and other3,who formed themselves into a body politic, chose their
magistrates, and bound the people to
obedience.
Their laws were made
in popular assemblies
and the combination thus entered into subsisted
about three years.
From 1675 to
1712, Exeter, like most of the early
settlements, suffered from the at;
tacks of the Indians.
Hon. Samuel Tenn^ey, M. D
was an original member of the N.
H. Medical Society, its vice president several years, and a member of congress in 1800 and 1804.
Gen.
Nathaniel Peabody
was an original member
H. medical society; was
of the
a
N.
member
of the old congress; a senator of
the N. H. legislature in 1792 ; and
speaker of the house in 1793.
Hon. Nicholas
a
member
Gilman was
of the old congress, and
a senator in congress from
his death in 1814.
Gen.
1805
Nathaniel Folsom
member
to
was
of the old congress, and
a valuable revolutionary officer.
Hon. Jeremiah Smith, a naa
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
of Peterborough, was one of
representatives to congress
under the Federal government, was
appointed Judge of S. C. of N. H.
in 1802, was chief justice, and continued such till 1809, when he was
elected governor.
He was appointed chief justice of S. J. C. in 1813.
live
the
first
Hon. John
Taylor Gilmajv,
a descendant of
one of the princi-
was an active
supporter of the revolution a member of the old congress
filled at
times the offices of representative
and state treasurer; and for fourteen years, between 1794 and 1816,
wss governor of the state.
Exeter has at all periods of its
history possessed eminent and useful men ; and some of the first lawyers and jurists, antiquarians and
scholars, have received their early
education at its literary institution.
Population, 1830, 2,759.
on Lamoille river, at this place,
are singular and worthy of the tra
veller's notice.
The land is generally level and of a good quality.
considerable amount of agricultural products is sent to market, and
about 6,000 sheep are reared. There
are some manufactures at the falls.
Fairfax is a place of considerable
business.
falls
A
pal settlers at Exeter,
Fairfield,
Me.
;
;
Exeter, R.
I.
Washington co. This is an agricultural and manufacturing town,
situated 24 miles S. W. from Providence, and from its centre about 10
miles N. W. from South Kingston.
The town is very large, being 12 by
5 miles.
The
versified
by
surface
hills
is
much
and valleys
a gravelly loam, and
productive of all the varieties
soil
is
mon
;
di-
the
very
com-
the clitaate.
The products
dairy are considerable.
Branches of Wood river give this
of
to
the
town
a good water power, which
well improved by cotton mills and
other manufactories.
Exeter was
incorporated in 1743.
Population,
1830, 2,383.
IS
Fairfax, Vt.
Bounded S. by La37 miles N. W. from
Montpelier, and 12 S. E. from St.
Albans. First settled, 1763. PopFranklin
co.
Somerset
CO. This beautiful townlocated on the W. side of
Kennebec river, and S. of Bloomfield.
Fairfield is the most southern township in the county.
It is
watei-ed by a small stream running
into the Kennebec, and by a branch
of Waterville river.
This town is
ship
is
favored with a fine soil, and navigable privileges to Augusta.
It has
a pleasant
village,
considerable
trade, and, in 1837, produced 11,-
531 bushels of wheat, and a large
quantity of wool. Population, 1837,
2,203.
Distant from Augusta, 26.
miles N., and from Norridgewock,
10 S. E.
Incorporated, 178S.
Fairfield, Vt.
This town was first
It is well watered
by Smithfield pond, Fairfield river.
Black creek, and branches of Missisque river, and abounds in mill
Fairfield has a good strong
sites.
soil and generally suitable for cultivation. It is a pleasant place, with
some trade and considerable manufactures.
It produces good beef
cattle and horses, and pastures about
Franklin co.
settled in 1789.
7,000 sheep.
By Parme1830, 1,729.
lee's and Stone's brooks. Brown's
river, and the Lamoille, this town
enjoys a good water power. The
N. W.
from Montpelier, 27 N. N. E. from
Burlington, and is bounded W. by
St. Albans.
,noille river:
ulation,
Population, 1830, 2,-
Fairfield lies 45 miles
270.
Fairfield County, Ct.
Fairfield and
Danhury
are the
shire towns. This county is bounded N. by Litchfield county, N. E.
and E. by Housatonick river, S. E.
and
S.
by Long Island Sound, and
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
state of New York. This
fanning section of country, asjreeably diversified in regard
to surface, with a strong fertile soil,
and possesses great natural agriculFairlieid county
tural resources.
extends nearly 40 miles on longIsland Sound, and enjoys great facilities for navigation and the tishThe beautiful Housatonick
eries.
washes its noi-theastern boundary,
and the Saugatuck, Norwalk, Mill,
Pequonuck and other rivers afford
The manit an ample water power.
ufacturing interests of the county
It
are valuable and increasing.
W. by the
is
a tine
contains
many
villages of superior
beauty, and abounds in scenery of
an interesting character. First settled, l(>3y. Area, 630 square miles.
Population, 1820, 42,73.9; 1S30,
75 inhabitants to a square
46,950
In 1837 there were in this
mile.
county about 22,000 sheep.
:
Fairlieid, Ct.
Shire town, Fairfield co.
This
ancient and patriotic town comprises three parishes, Fairfield, the
seat of justice. Green's Farms and
Greenfield.
Fairfield lies 21 miles
S.
W.
New Haven, and 5S N.
New York. Population,
fi-om
E. from
1S30, 4,243.
Its
Unquowa.
The
Indian name was
surface of the
town is undulating and very pleasant.
The soil i^ fertile, well cultivated and productive of wheat and
rye, and a great variety of fruits
and vegetables for New York market.
Black Rock harbor is safe and
easy of entrance for vessel? drawing 19 feet of water at common tides.
The tide usually rises in Long Island Sound about 5 feet. There is
but little water power in Fairfield,
except that produced by the tide.
The tonnage of Fairfield district,
in 1837, was 11,983 tons. The principal business in navigation is the
coasting trade.
In the year
the tract of
forms the town
of Fairfield was discovered by cap-
country which
1637,
now
12*
tain
Mason and
the troops of
Mas-
Connecticut under
his command, when they pursued
the Pequots to the swamp in this
town, bearing the name of " Pequot
Swamp." This is the spot made
sachusetts and
memorable by the great fight that
took place there, between those
troops and the Pequots, terminating
in the almost entire destruction of
that once powerful and warlike nation of savages.
There are no In-
dian
marks
left
by
which
this
swamp can be
traced as the place
of their extermination, except a
mound of earth in the centre of it,
considered as a place of safety, evidently the effect of art, with a raised foot path leading from it to the
surrounding high grounds. In that
expedition this region attracted the
notice of adventurers.
In the year
1639 a few families removed hither
from Windsor, commenced a settlement, and, in a short period afterwards, were joined by several perWatertown and Concord,
Mass. After Connecticut obtained
her charter, the general assembly
2:ranted these people a patent, then
including the towns now Reading
and Weston.
Fairfield is distinguished for its
ardent attachment to American liberty, and for its sacrifices during the
contest for independence.
In 1779,
when Tryon, a British governor, demanded a surrender of the town,
sons from
under a threat of its destruction,
the answer of the inhabitants was,
" We will never voluntarily lay
down our arms till we have obtained
the object for which they have been
taken up. The village is in your
power plunder and burn it if you
will, and take along with your plunder the infamy of which it cannot
;
be divested."
" On the 7th July, 1779, goverernor Tryon, with a large and
vengeful army, sailed from New
Haven to Fairfield ; and the next
morning disembarked upon the
beach.
few militia assembled to
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
oppose them ; and, in a desultory,
scattered manner, fought with great
intrepidity through most of the day.
They killed some ; took several priBut
soners; and wounded more.
the expedition was so sudden and
unexpected, that the efforts, made
in this manner, were necessarily
The town was plundered ; a great part of the houses, together with the two churches, the
court house, jail, and school houses,
were burnt. The barns had been
just filled with wheat, and other
produce. The inhabitants, therefore, were turned out into the world,
almost literally destitute.
fruitless.
" While the town was in flames,
a thunder storm overspread the heaThe
vens, just as night came on.
conflagration of near two hundred
houses illumined the earth, the
skirts of the clouds, and the waves
of the Sound, with an union of
gloom and grandeur, at once inexawful and magnificent.
pressibly
The sky speedily was hung with
the deepest darkness, wherever the
clouds were not tinged by the melancholy lustre of the flames. At
intervals the lightnings blazed with
The
a livid and terrible splendor.
Beneath,
thunder rolled above.
the roaring of the fires filled up the
intervals with a deep and hollow
sound, which seemed to be the pro-
murmur
of the thunder, reverberated from one end of heaven
Add to this convulto the other.
sion of the elements, and these
dreadful effects of vindictive and
wanton devastation, the trembling
of the earth ; the sharp sound of
muskets, occasionally discharged;
the groans, here and there, of the
wounded and dying ; and the shouts
of triumph: then place before your
eyes crowds of the miserable sufferers, mingled with bodies of the
militia, and from the neighboring
hills taking a farewell prospect of
their property and their dwellings,
their happiness and their hopes;
and you will form a just but impertracted
burning of Fairneeded no great effort of
fect picture of the
field.
It
imagination
day
to
believe that the final
had arrived
amid
morning
would speedily dawn, to which no
night would ever succeed; the
graves yield up their inhabitants
and the trial commence, at which
;
and
that
this funeral darkness, the
was
to
be finally settled the destiny
of man.
" The next morning the troops
re-embarked
and, proceeding to
Green's Farms, set fire to the
church, and consumed it together
with fifteen dwelling houses, eleven barns, and several stores."
;
;
Fairliaveu, Vt.
Rutland
co.
First settled, 1779.
Population, 1830, 675. The soil is
generally productive, particularly
along the banks of the streams. It
is watered by Castleton and Poultney rivers, the former of which receives the waters of lake Bomba-
a large pond between FairCastleton.
On these
streams are considerable falls, and
mill sites.
Fairhaven lies 16 miles
W. from Rutland, and 9 N. E. from
zine,
haven and
Whitehall, N. Y.
Fairliaven, Mass.
Bristol CO.
This pleasant town
was taken from
1812.
river,
New
Bedford, in
across Acushnett
about a mile east of
It lies
New
united to New Bodford by abridge 3,960 feet in length,
and is associated with it in many of
First settled, 1764.
its enterpi-ises.
Population, 1830,
1837,
3,034;
There are 37 vessels be3,649.
longing to this place engaged in
the whale fishery, the tonnage of
The value
which is 11,564 tons.
of whale oil and bone imported into this place the year ending April
The num1, 1837, was $322,272.
ber of hands employed in the fishCapital invested,
ery was 945.
The Acushnett produ$957,000.
ces some water power,on which ara
Bedford.
It is
�NEW ENGLAND
QAZETTEEft.
two cotton millg, a paper mill, and
The
other operations by water.
value of cotton goods, leather, boots,
est ships.
shoes, tin ware, vessels, salt, wooden ware, chairs and cabinet ware
ing vessels.
marine rail-way wa3
constructed here in 1834.
This town has an abundance of
fine granite, equal to the Quiucy.
A rail-road is in progress to meet the
manufactured, amounted
to
§40,363.
Fairlee, Vt.
Orange
co.
A rough and
moun-
tainous township, with very little
productive land, on the west side of
Connecticut river, and connected
with Orford, N. H. by a bridge
across that river.
First settled,
Population, 1830, 656. This
176S.
town lies about 17 miles E. S. E.
from Chelsea, and 31 S. E. from
Montpelier.
Fairlee pond is two miles in length
and about three fourths of a mile
wide.
It formeily had no fish.
Some years ago a gentleman placed
some pickerel in it, and the legislature passed a law protecting the
fish from molestation foi- two years.
Since that time the pond has had
an abundance of pickerel of good
size
Fall River, Blass.
of Troy, in 1S03. It was formerly a part of Freetown. In 1834,
the name was changed to that of
the river within its borders, at the
union of which and Taunton river
the town is very pleasantly situa-
This tov/n is without a paralon the continent of America, in
regard to the union of hydraulic
powers and navigable facilities.
Fall river rises in Wattuppa ponds;
one of which is 11 miles in length
and 1 in breadth. These ponds are
produced by perpetual springs, and
lie about two miles east of the town.
The descent of this v'witv is 136
The volume of water is confeet.
stant, not liable to excess, and of
ted.
lel
power for the
largest
A
Boston and Providence, at Seekonk,
13 miles.
The Pocasset Hotel, belonging
to a company of gentlemen, is a
splendid building, constructed in
1833.
No house in the country affords better accommodations.
regular steamboat line is established between this place and Piovidence
distance, by
water, 28
A
:
—
miles.
The value
of the manufactures
for the year ending
April 1, 1837, amounted to ^2,863,378, exclusive of large nianufactures of machinery, iron hoops and
rods, stoves, brass, copper, and tin
The ten cotton mills prowares.
duced 7,767,614 yards of cloth, val-
of Fall River
The
valued
This town took the
name
sufficient
It
ued at $668,028. The woolen mill
produced 150,000 yards of cloth,
and quality.
Bristol CO.
Six ships from this port
engaged in the whale fishery.
has also some merchant and coast-
are
man-
at
ticles
manufactured consisted
other arof
leather, boots, shoes, iron castings,
hats, nails, chairs, cabinet ware
and vessels. The two print ivorks
printed twelve millici yards of calThe number of hands emico.
ployed in all the factories Avas 1,819.
The product of the whale fi.shery,
the same year, was $68, TOO. Hands
employed in the fishery, 120.
Fall River lies 49 miles S. from
Boston, 17 S. from Taunton, 14 W.
Bedford, IS S. E. from
from
Providence, R. I. and 190 E. from
New York. Population, in 1820,
1,594; 1830, 4,159; 1837, 6,352.—
The surface of Fall River is elevated, rough and uneven, and considered a healthy location for a manufacturing town.
New
ufactories.
Falmoutli; Me.
The harbor on Taunton
river is
safe and easy of access, and of sufficient depth of water for the larg-
$180,000.
Cumberland co. This is a pleastown at the head of Casco bay.
ant
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
6 miles N. from Portland, and 47 S.
W. {"roin Augusta. It is watered
by Presumscut river, and has a number of vessels employed in coasting
and fishino;. The soil on the whole
coast of Maine is not so fertile as in
the interior parts of the state, yet
Falmouth comprises a considerable
quantity of good land.
The town
was incorporated as early as 1718,
and included the territory of the
city of Portland until 1783.
Population, 1837, 2,0(JS.
Falnioutli, Mass.
Barnstable co. A pleasant town on
Vineyard Sound. There are belongin:^ to this towri 9 whale-ships, and
about 40 sail in the coasting trade and
fi-^hery.
Two streams afford a watei- power, on which are two woolen mills and other manufactories.
There are about 40 ponds in this
town, some salt and some fresh
these, with the views of the islands
in the Sound, form a variety of
:
—
agreeable scenery. "Wood's Hole"
harbor, at the S. W. extremity of
the town, is a good harbor and
much frequented by vessels, and by
invalids in search of health.
The
value of oil imported into Falmouth,
the year ending April 1, 1837,
amounted to $146,600. The value
of vessels, salt, woolen goods, boots,
shoes and leather, manufactured the
same year, was ,"158,657. Falmouth
lies 71 miles S. E. by E. from Boston, and 22 S. W. from Barnstable.
*' Woods' Hole " is 4 miles W. from
the centre of
the
town
and
«' Holmes'
Hole" harbor, on Martha's Vineyard, is 6 miles S.
Population, 1837, 2,580.
Incorporated,
1688.
;
Parmiugtou; Me.
of justice.
Farther up the Sandy,
about 5 miles, is anothei' beautiful
village, the seat of a nourishing
academy. The soil of Farmington
being of a superior quality, the
inhabitants are induced to devote
much attention to agricultural pursuits yet it is a place of some manufactures, and considerable trade in
lumber and other merchandize.
The agricultural products of Fai-mington are various and valuable.
in 1S37 it produced 12,400 bushels
of as good wheat as ever grew on
Incorporatthe banks of the Ohio.
ed, 1794.
Population, 1837, 2,507.
;
Farmington,
'N.
H.,
Strafford co., was formerly a part
of Rochester, but was incorporated
a? a distinct town, Dec. 1, 1798.
It lies 36 miles E. N. E. from Concord, and 17 N. W. by ,N. from
Dover.
The
through the N.
The Blue hills
extend nearly
under different
Cocheco
meanders
E. partof the town.
or Frost mountains
through the town
names. From the
summit of the ridge in the S. E.
part, ships may be seen by the na-
ked eye off Portsmouth harbor ;
while to the N. and W. the White
Plills and the Monadnock, with hundreds of smaller mountains, meet
the eye of the beholder.
Thei-e is,
not far from the village in Farmington, a rock supposed to weigh
from 00 to 80 tons, so exactly poised on other rocks, that it may be
caused to vibrate several inches by
the hand.
At the bank of the Cocheco, a little more than a mile S.
E. from the principal village, is a
place
called
the Dock,
so
named
from the circumstance that the
settlers usually deposited their
ber here
to
be floated
down
first
lum-
the riv-
County town of Franklin CO. This er. This name is some times ignovery beautiful town lies 29 miles rantly applied to the village.
Hon. Aaron Wingate, for maN. W. from Augusta, and is watered by Sandy and Little Norridge- ny years a member of the legislarivers.
At the union of these
rivers are excellent mill privileges,
and a delightful village, the seat
wock
ture, a counsellor from 1797 to 1803,
and for sometime chief-justice of
the
common
pleas in Strafford, died
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
here in 1S22, aged 78 years.
Pop-
Farmiugtou,
Hartfoi'J
The
CO.
Ct.
first
settlers
of this town were from Hartford,
being emigrants fVom the neighborhood of l^oUon, Mass. They located themselves, in 1640, on the luxui-iant meadows of the Tunxis, or
Farmington river, 10 miles W. from
The township was purHartford.
chased of the Tunxis Indians, a numerous and waiiike tribe. At its
incorporation, in 1615, the township
comprised hfteen miles .square ;
since which the pleasant towns of
Southington, Berlin, Bristol, Burlington and Avon have been taken
from the original territory of Farmingfon.
Farmington river rises in the high
lands in the N. part of Litchtield
county, and after meandeiing delightfully through the towns of
New Hartford and Burlington, in a
S. E. direction, it changes its course
at Farmington to the N., and passing Avon and Simsbury to the border of Granby, it again turns abruptly to the E. and meets the ConThis is a
necticut at Windsor.
beautiful and fertilizing stream, and
gives to the towns through which
it passes, but particularly to Farmington, large tracts of rich alluvial
meadows.
Farmington
village
is
which covered the whole of the
present n^.eadows. The population
of Farmingron has varied but little
from 2,000\vithin the last 30 years.
ulation, 1330, 1,465,
a delight-
on an elevated plain, surrounded by high hills. The street
is about two miles in length, beaucontains, betifully shaded, au
sides two churches and an academy, about 100 neat dwelling houses,
some of which are tasteful and eleThe Farmington canal passgant.
es through the village.
Fayette, Me.
This town conco.
some beautiful ponds and is
the source' of a branch of Sandy
It lies 17 miles W. N. W.
river.
from Augusta, and is bounded E. by
Kennebec
tains
Incorporated, 1795.
Readtield.
This is a
Population, 1837, 1,006.
good township of land ; it produced,
in 1837, 4,438 bushels of wheat and
some wool.
Fayston, Vt.
Washington
co.
Fayston
is
gen-
erally too mountainous to be much
Along the borders of
cultivated.
some of the branches of Mad river,
here, is some arable
l6 miles W. S. W.
from Montpelier, and 25 S. E. from
First settled, 1793.
Burlino-ton.
Population, 1830, 458.
which
land.
rise
It lies
Ferdinand, Vt.
Essex
tered
square
CO.
This town was charand contains 23
1761,
miles;
in
it
is
bounded
S.
stream
affords it a good water power, but
the land is ?o mountainous, rocky,
cold and swampy that people do not
choose to cultivate it.
E.
by Maidstone.
Paul's
Fei'risburgli, Vt.
ful place,
i
Round
Hill,
near the village,
osity.
It
rises
in
is
the
meadows,
a natural curi-
abruptly,
to
the
height of 60 feet, is nearly circular
It
in its form and covers 12 acres.
is thought that this hill was formerly an island in the centre of a lake,
Addison
co.
This township pos-
sesses a good soil, an excellent water power by Otter, Little Otter
and Lewis creeks ; and navigable
privileges on the waters of the outlets of those creeks and lake ChamBasin Harbor in this town
plain.
from
is deep and well protected
winds, and is a place of considerable navigation and comm.ercial importance. Across the lake to Essex,
N. Y. is about t\vo miles. Large
crops of grain are produced here,
and Ferrisburgh is noted for its fine
butter, cheese, pork, and fat cattle.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
There
are some woolen and other
Fitz William, W. H.
mnnufactures on its streams, and
Cheshire CO. Fitzwilliam lies 13
about 10,000 sheep graze in its pasmiles S. E. from Keene, 60 S. W,
tures.
Large quantities of fish are
from Concord, and 65 N. W. from
annually taken in the season of
Boston.
Camp and Piiest brooks,
spring.
First settled, 17S4.
Pop- running
in a S. direction, are the
ulalion, 1S30, 1,822.
Ferrisburgh
principal streams.
South pond, 230
lie^ li) miles S. from Burlington,
rods long and of various width
16 N. W. from Middlebury, and 34
Sip's pond, 200 rods long and 100
W. from Montpelier.
wide Rockwood's pond and Col;
FitcSibiirgli,
"Worcester co.
first granted
wa?
Mass.
This township
by " the Great
and General Court of His Majesty's
Province of Massachusetts Bay,
Nov. 4, 1719." The township thus
granted included the territory of
gome of the neighboring towns.
The town was
A
incorporated in 1764.
large branch of the
pond, are the only natural collections of water.
The surface of
this town is hilly
the foil is rocky.
There is a con;-iderable quantity of
very productive and highly valualin's
Nashua and
:
ble meadow land.
The soil is suitable for grazing and tillage.
Beef,
pork, butter and cheese are the sta-
The farmers have of late turned their attention to the raising of
sheep. Near the centi-e of the town
is a large hill, remarkable for the
beautifully I'omantic prospect it afples.
two smaller streams pass through
the town, and afford it an extensive
and constant water power.
Over fords.
Gap mountain, which at a
the Nashua, in the distance of two
distance, appears to be a part of the
miles, are eleven dams for the acMonadnock, and on which are found
commodation of manufactories. This
various kinds of stones suitable for
is a very ilourishing town, and exwhetstones, lies partly in Troy and
hibits in a striking
manner the
ef-
water power on the increase,
wealth and respectability of many
of our interior towns.
There are
fect of
many
valuable
place
still
mill
sites
unimproved.
at this
In
the
in^.mediate vicinity of the principal
village is an immense quarry of ex-
cellent granite.
This town
lies
47
miles W. N. W. from Boston, 24 N.
from Worcester, 30 W. by S. from
Lowell, and 60 N. E. from Spring-
There
are in Fitchburgh 4
cotton, 3 woolen, and 2 paper mills.
The manufactures for the year endfield.
ing April
1,
1837,
amounted
to
^4-29,640.
The manufactures consisted of cotton and woolen goods,
paper, leather, boots, shoes, hats,
scythes, bellows, palm-leaf hats,
straw bonnets, chairs, tin and cabinet wares.
The surface of the
town
is hilly, but the soil is strong
and productive. Population, 1830,
2,169; 1837,2,662.
partly in the N. E. part of 'Fitzwilliam.
Population, 1830, 1,229.
Flctclier, Vt.
Franklin co.
There are some
small streams in this town and some
manufacturing operations. The soil
is broken, hard, and not very productive.
It lies 22 miles N. N. E
fi-om Montpelier,and about 18 S. E
from St. Albans. Population, 1830,
793.
Florida, Mass.
A
Berkshire co.
mountainous
township, 125 miles W, by N.from
Boston, 27 N. N. E. from Lenox,
and 7 E. from Adams. Florida is
watered by Deerfield river, and exhibits some fine Alpine scenery.
Population, 1837, 457. Inc. 1805.
Foster, R.
I.
Providence co. This is a large agricultural and mauufacturing town.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
bank
by Hemlock brook, very pleasantly located on the
Moo^up rivers. of the rfver, and has the appearance
Poaongansett and
Foxcroft lies 77
The sm-face of the town, in many of prosperity.
Augusta.
rough and uneven, but the niile^ N. N. E. from
parts, is
finely watered
I
|
well calculated for the proIn the westductions of the dairy.
ern part are extensive forests of valuable timber. There are a number
of pleasant villages on the borders
of the numerous streams, most of
soil is
Population, 1830, 677; 1837,907.
Incorporated, 1812.
Fox
See Vinalhaven.
Framingliam, Mass.
are largely engaged in manufacturing operations, particularly of
cotton. "'Foster was tirst settled in
which
1717;
named
incorporated
in
in
compliment
1781,
to the
A
large and flourMiddlesex co.
ishing manufacturing town, v*ith a
20
fine soil, and pleasant ponds:
miles W. S. W. from Boston, and 13
—
and
Hon.
W. from Concord. The ponds
and Sudbury river give this town a
The value of
o-ood waterpower.
The maauiactures, the year ending
April 1, 1837, amounted to $i21,S. S.
formerly a
senator of the United States. It lies
15 miles W. by S. from Providence,
and 50 E. froin Hartford, Ct. Pop-
Theodore Foster,
ulation, 1830, 2,672.
The
111.
Foiborongli, Blass.
Norfolk CO. This town was
It is
en from Dorchester in 177S.
watered by Rumford and Cocasset
rivers, branches of the Taunton, on
which are milh of various kinds.
The manufactures of Foxborouidi
the year ending April 1, 1S37,
amounted to $231,136 :— they consisted of cotton and woolen goods,
valued
ful
lies
at
cloth,
$311,800; boots, shoes,
town, and a'pproached by the
It has
rail-road with great case.
become an agreeable resort forfishing, fowling^and other rural sports.
Population, in
Incorporated, 1700.
I
1
1
1
j
1830, 2,313
i
24
miles S. S.W. from Boston, 15 S. from
Dedham, and 13 E. N. E. from
Providence. Pt. I. Population, 1830,
1,099; 1837,1,416.
This town
Piscataquis co.
uated on the north side of PiscataThe
quis river, opposite to Dover.
of prosoil of the town is capable
ducing all the varieties common to
A part of Sebec pond
the cUmate.
in the north parj*: of tiie town.
lies
1837, 2,831.
i
Hillsborough co.
It is
12 miles
N. W. from Amherst, and 27 S. V/.
from Concord. The two S. branches
j
of the Piscataquog rise in this (own ;
the largest branch from Pleasant
Poxcroft, Me.
is sit-
;
Frasicestown, K. H.
|
Foxborough
manufactured
leather, hats, paper,($48,000) straw
bonnets, chairs, tin and cabinet
wares. Framingham is a delight-
boots, shoos, leather, iron castings,
straw bonnets, shovels, spades, hoes
forks.
articles
were 2GS,640 yards of woolen
tak-
and
Islands, Me.
i
pond, the other from Haunted pond.
The former branch passes near the
Pleasant
village in Franceslown.
and Haunted ponds are con;nderablc
The land is
collections of water.
uneven, and in many parts stony,
but the quaUties of the soil are
warm and moist. There are some
very
of wheat was small intervales, which are
In 1837, 5,574 bushels
About 7,000 she^p
This i^. a fine section of productive.
raised.
The streams of wacountry for the growth of beef and are kept here.
settled in ter are not large, and almost every
Foxcroft was first
wool.
situated on rivers that take
1305, and was named in compliment mill is
withE. Foxcroft. their rise from hills and ponds
to the Hon. Joseph
The
limits of the town.
with an academy, is in the
The
village,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
highest land is Crotched mountain,
the summit of which is more than
600 feet above the level of the
common in the centre of the town.
One
of the
summits of
this
moun-
covered with wood ; the other
is almost a solid ledge of rocks, affording a very extensive prospect to
tain
is
W. There is in the easterly part of this town a very extensive and valuable quarry of freethe S.
It is of a dark greyish coland when polished strongly resembles the variegated marble of
Vermont.
In the N. part of this
town black lead has been found of
a good quality
and in the S. part
some beautiful specimens of rock
crystal.
The common garnet is
On
met with in various places.
the N. side of Haunted pond, there
stone.
or,
—
bar of 20 rods in length, 6 feet
high, and .3 or 4 feet through ; but
for what purpose or by what means
is a
this barrier
was
raised,
is
a
matter
of conjecture only.
The local situation of this town is very eligible
for business, being near the centre
of the county, and on the great
thoroughfare from Windsor to Boston, and on a leading road from the
S. ¥>''. part of the state to Concord.
The village is very pleasant, neatly
huilt and flourishing. Francestown
derived its name from Frances, the
wife of the last Gov. Wentworth.
The fir.-t settlement was made about
1760, by John Carson, a Scotch-
man.
Mr. James
Woodbury, who
died March 3, 1823, at the age of
85, closed his life in this town. He
Was an active soldier in the old
French war, and engaged by the
side of Gen. Wolfe, when he was
killed at the memorable siege of
Quebec. He was one of the truly
inviiieible rangers under the immortal Stark, and discharged CA^ery
duty in a prompt and courageous
manner. Population, 183'0, 1541.
JPraiiconia,
Grafton co.
It is
'N,
H.
28 miles N* E.
from Haverhill, and 74 N. from
Concord.
large proportion of
this town is mountainous.
Its
streams are branches of the Lower
Amonoosuck river, and rise on the
A
mountainous
tracts to the east.
are several ponds
one of
which, called Ferrin's pond, is the
source of the middle branch of Pem-
Here
igewasset river.
:
The mountains
adjoining the Notch, through which
the road passes, are most conspicuous.
These are called Mounts La
Fayette and Jackson.
On the latter is the celebrated " Profile, " or
" Old Man of the Mountain." It is
situated on a peak of solid rock,
1,000 feet in height and almost perpendicular.
On this peak, nature,
in her wildest mood, exhibits the
profile of the human face, of which
every feature is delineated with
W'onderful exactness.
The Franconia mountain pass presents to the
traveller some of the wildestscenery in our country, and must ever remain a great thoroughfare between
the upper waters of the Connecticut river and the ocean.
There are two iron establish-
ments in this town.
The lower
works are situated on the S. branch
Amonoosuck river, and are owned by the New Hampshij-e Iron
Factory Company; incorporated,
Dec. 18, 1805, which was composed
of
principally of gentlemen in Salem
and Boston.
Their establishment
is very extensive, consisting of a
blast furnace, erected in 1808, an
air furnace, a forge and trip-hammer shop. There are also near, or
connected with the establishment,
grain and saw-mills, a large store,
several shops, and other buildings,
vv'hich make a small village.
The
ore is obtained from a mountain in
the east part of Lisbon, N. H., three
miles from the furnace, and is considered the richest in the United
States, yielding from 5G to 63 per
cent ; and the mine is said to be inexhaustible.
First settled, 1774.
Population,1830, 447.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Franlvfort, Me.
Waldo
CO.
;
This excellent town-
ship of land is situated on the W.
side of Penobscot river, 57 miles
N. E. by E. from Augusta, 12 S.
from Bangor, and IS N. from BelIt is well watered by Marsh
on which are two beautiful
fast.
river,
The
villages.
largest
village
is
near the Penobscot, on Marsh bay.
The other village is at the head of
the tide, on Marsh river, about 4
miles S. W. from the Penobscot, and
with excellent
is accommodated
The
location of
Frankfort is exceeding favorable to
the navigation and trade of Penobscot river, particularly so in the
winter season, a? it is the highest
point on the river to which vessels
can ascend during the icy season of
The prospects of Frankthe year.
fort in its commercial and agricultural pursuits are very promising
indeed it bids fair to become an important depot on one of our largest
rivers.
Among the agricultural
products of this town, in 1837, was
9,33v0 bushels of wheat.
Populamill
privileges.
tion, 1830, 2,487
;
1837,3,223.
In-
corporated, 1789.
Fraulvliii
of Oxford and Industry, NewVineyard, Strong, Avon, Pliillips, Freeman, Salem, Kingfield, townships
numbered four in the first range
west of Kingfield, three and four
in the second range, and the south
half of township numbered four in
the third range of the Bingham
Purchase, in the county of Somerset, be and hereby are, &:c."
This county is therefore bounded
N. by Lower Canada, E. by the
county of Somerset, S. by Kennebec and Oxford counties, and W. by
County, Me.
Oxford county. This county has
no navigable waters, but is interspersed with numerous ponds and
mill streams.
Its surface is generally undulating, with some mounIts soil, for the most
tainous tracts.
part, is excellent, and cannot fail
in remunerating the industrious farmer by its products of wheat, beef,
and wool.
FTaiiklln County, Vt.
St. Albans, county town.
This
county is bounded N. by Lower
Canada, E. by Orleans count}', S.
E. and S. by Lamoille county, S.
by Chittenden county, and W.
by lake Champlain. Incorporated,
1792.
Population,
The Missisque
Farmington is the county town.
This'county was incorporated March
the
20, 1S3S.
section.
The following is the legislative
description of its territory:
" The towns of
Sharon,
Chesterville, Wilton, Temple and
Farmington in the county of Ken-
New
nebec
;
and Jay, Carthage, Weld,
Berlin, Madrid, townships numbered six, letter E. and D. in the county of Oxford, thence extending
northerly from the north.-west corner of letter D. on the line betwixt townships numbered three
and four, through the several ranges of townships to Canada line, so
a'* to include three tiers of townships west of the west line of the
Bingham Purchase in said county
J3
1830, 22,034.
river passes through
part of the county,
northern
and the Lamoille
The
its
most southern
principal part of the
trade of this county goes to Canada,
by lake Champlain, which
it
many
facilities in
affords
transportation.
Although the surface
is
somewhat
broken and in some parts mountainous, yet the soil
wheat and
grass.
is
productive of
JNIany cattle are
annually taken from this county to
market, and in 1837 it had 63,000
sheep.
In this county, marble and
iron ore of excellent qualities are
found.
Fraukliii County, Mass.
Greenfield, county town. Bounded N. by Windham county, Vt.,and
a part of Cheshire county, N.
H
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
E. by Worcester county, S. by
Hampshire county, and W. by Berk-
Area, 650 square
shire county.
The Connecticut river passmiles.
es nearly through the centre of this
county. It produces, in great abundance, all sorts of grain, fruits and
vegetables common to its climate ;
and exports considerable quantities
of beef, pork, and products of the
dairy.
Manufactures are increasing in value and importance ; and
this county yields to no other in the
state in the extent of its hydraulic
powers, or in the richness and variety of its scenery. There are 44
inhabitants to a square mile. Chief
rivers, Connecticut, Deerfield, and
Taken from Hampshire
Miller's.
county in 1811. Population, 1820,
29,268; 1830, 29,344; 1837,28,655.
The value of the manufactures of
this county, for the year ending
April 1, 1837, was $787,900. The
value of wool grown, the product
of 55,713 fleeces, was $70,513.
Franklin, Me.
Hancock
co.
Franklin
lies at
the
head of Taunton bay, the most
northerly waters of Frenchman's
It is bounded S. by Sullivan,
bay.
and contains several large ponds
and good mill sites. Franklin is
about 15 miles E. from Ellsworth.
Population, 1837, 474. Incorporated, 1825.
streams an extensive and valuable
water power. It is probable that
within a few years the river will
be rendered navigable, by means
of locks and canals, as far up as
Franklin, in which event it would
become one of the most flourishing
inteiior
co.
in
New
Hampshire.
Vt.
Fraiiltliii,
This town was formerly called Huntsburgh, and was
tirst settled in 1789.
It lies 50
miles N, W. fiom Montpelier, 17
N. N. E. from St. Albans, and
bounded N. by Canada. The surface of the town is rough, but the
soil is tolerably well adapted for
sheep, of which about 3,500 are
Franklin
kept.
co.
Population, 1830, 1,129.
Franltlin, Mass.
Norfolk CO. Charles river and
its branches afford Franklin a good
water power. It was taken from
Wrenthamin 1778. There are live
cotton mills in the town, and manufactures of straw bonnets, shoes,
boots, boxes and boats total amount
of manufactures in one year, $210,472, of which $160,186 were for
;
straw bonnets, for which this town
celebrated. Franklin lies 27 miles
S. W. by S. from Boston, and 17 S.
Population,
S. W. from Dedham.
1837, 1,696.
is
Franlclin, N. H.
Merrimack
towns
Population, in 1830, 1,370.
Fraiililiiij Ct.
This town was
New
London
CO.
Shetucket
riv-
incorporated in 1S2S, from parts of
the towns of Salisbury, Andover,
is 18
Sanbornton, and Nortbfield
miles from Concord, 63 from Portsmouth, and 73 from Boston. Franklin is a place of considerable and
incz-easing business; has a cotton
factory, two paper nulls, an iron
foundry, and other manufacturing
The junction of
establishments.
er separates tliis town from Lisbon.
The surface of Franklin is uneven;
the soil a gravelly loam, more fit
he
ford,
:
Winnepisiogee and Pemigewasthis town, foitu the
noble Merrimack, creating on both
set rivers, in
for
grazing than
tillage.
There
is
a woolen factory on Beaver brook,
a branch of the Shetucket, but the
chief business of the people is rearing sheep, and other agricultural
Population, 1830, 1,194.
pursuits.
It lies 34 miles E. S. E. from Hart-
and 7 N. by W. from Norwich.
Franklin was taken from Norwich
in 1786.
�NEW ENGLAND
FreetoTrn, Mass.
Freedom, Me.
Waldo
CO.
Previous
I
to its incor-
poration, in 1313, the territor}^ of
Freedom was called " Beaver Hill."
It i^ a
It was first settled in 1794,
good township of land, and bound-
Albion, and E. by Knox.
about 20 miles E. S. E. from
Belfast, and 25 N. E. from AuicusFreedom, in 1837, with a popta.
ulation of 1,058, produced 6,084
bushels of wheat.
ed
W. by
It is
Freedom, X. H.
This town, formerStrafford co.
ly JVorih Ejfingham, was incorporated by its present name, Dec. 6,
It is an uneven township,
1832.
It is
but has some good farms.
bounded
in part
by the Ossipee
lake,
and river, which discharge eastwardly into the Saco. Distant 60
miles N. N.E. from Concord. Population, in 1833, about 900.
Freeman, Me.
Franklin co. This small town
of only 17,000 acres, most of which
woodland, with a population
is
of 805, produced 6,485 bushels of
wheat
in
1337.
Freeman
is
the
source of a small branch of Sandy
It lies 62 miles N. W. from
river.
Augusta, and 15 N. from Farmington.
Freeport, Me.
Cumberland CO. This is a respecttown with a plea'-.nnt village,
able
and small harbor at the head of Casco bay, on the road from Portland
to Brunswick, 18 miles N. by E.
from the former, 9 S. W. from the
latter, and 36 S. S. W. from AugusFreeport was taken from North
ta.
Yarmouth in 1789, and was formerly called the Harrasecket Settlement, from the name of the river
This is a
that passes through it.
place of some navigation, ship building, and agricultural enterprize.
Population, 1S37, 2,659.
GAZETTEER.
Bristol CO.
This tow^n
lies
on the
E. side of Taunton river, 8 miles
S. from Taunton, 12 N. by W. from
New Bedford, and 40 S. from BosIncorFirst settled, 1659.
ton.
Population, 1837,
porated, 1633.
It is watered by a branch
1,779.
of Taunton river, and has some navigation. The manufactures of Freetown consist of iron castings, cut-
axes, shovels, spades, hoes,
nails, leather, boots, shoes,
vessels, chairs, and cabinet ware.
Total amount, in one year, $43,820.
The soil is light, and keeps, among
other cattle, about 1,000 sheep.
lery,
forks,
French. River.
This river rises in Leicester, Mass.
It passes through Auburn, Oxford,
and Dudley; it then enters the state
of Connecticut and joins the Quin-
ebaugh
at
Thompson. Some French
protestants settled on this river in
1635.
Frencliman'8 Bay, Me.
This important bay, in the county
of Hancock, containing a number
of excellent harbors and beautiful
is bounded W. by Baker's
one of the Cranberry islands,
and E. by a peninsula in Goldsborough, on the W. side of which is
islands,
island,
The distance
INIusquito harbor.
across this bay, from Baker's island
to Goldsborough point, is 10 miles.
This bay juts in from the Atlantic
ocean about 20 miles, and is environed by the towns of Eden, Trenton,
Hancock, Franklin, Sullivan,
and Goldsborough, and is the recipIt
ient of many valuable streams.
is easy of access, never obstructed
by ice, and is one of the best retreats
in a storm on the American coast.
Friendsbip, Me.
Lincoln co. This is an Atlantic
town, containing several islands, at
head of Muscongus bay. It
was formerly called the Meduncook
the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Settlement, as lying between a rivname and the Muscongus.
Friendship is a place of considerable navigation and trade.
It lies
48 miles S. E. from Augusta, and
10 miles S. W. from Vv^arren. Population, 1837, 662.
er of that
Fryelmrgii, Me.
Oxford CO. This interesting and
pleasant town lies on both sides of
Saco river, on the line of
Hampshire.
The uplands are not
remarkable for their fertility, but
the intervales on the Saco are of the
choicest kind.
Fryeburgh is only 6
miles square, yet the Saco here is
so fantastic in its course that it winds
itself between .30 and 40 miles within its limits.
This town, the Indian
Pequawket, lies 75 miles W. N. W.
from Augusta, 47 N. W. from Port-
New
land, and 28 S.
W.
from Paris.
Population, 1837, 1,444.
Incorpo-
rated, 1777.
The principal village
is situated on a plain, surrounded by
lofty hills, and watered by the Saco it bears evident marks of anti:
quity, and has an academy *' with
a cabinet of rare curiosities, collected with much diligence."
Lovewell's pond lies a short distance
This beautiful
from the village.
sheet of water, now the resort for
innocent amusements, was once the
scene of bloody combat, and of the
overthrow of a powerful Indian
They fought
till Lovewell and Paugus were killed, and all Lovewell's
men but nine were either killed or
wounded dangerously.
The savages having lost, as was supposed,
60 of their number out of 80, and
being convinced of the fierce and
determined resolution of their foes,
at length retreated and left thera
masters of the ground. The scene
of this desperate and bloody action,
took place in the town which
called Fryeburgh, is often
visited with interest to this day,
and the names of those who fell,
and those who survived, are yet repeated with emotions of grateful
exultation."
which
is
now
Fundy, May
of.
This bay washes a part of the
Maine and as it
is an important channel of commerce between the United States
and the British provinces of New
Brunswick and Nova Scotia, it may
be useful to notice it. This large
and important bay sets up N. E.
round cape Sable, the most southern point of Nova Scotia, in N. lat.
43° 24', W. Ion. 65° 39', and crosseastern shore of
;
es to the shore of Maine a little W.
of Frenchman's bay.
From the
mouth of Frenchman's bay to Cape
Sable is about 150 miles ; from
Eastport to St. John's, N. B. is 60
miles from St. John's to Annapolis, in a bay of that name, on the
tribe.
The story of LoveiveU's Fight Nova Scotia side, is 40 miles from
has been told thousands of times, thence to Halifax, by land, is 80
From Eastport direct to
but as it is identified with the town miles.
of which we treat, we quote a brief Annapolis, across the bay, is about
The Bay of Fundy is
notice of the event from the North 70 miles.
divided near its head by cape ChigAmerican Review.
" It was on the 18th of April, necto. The N. W. part is called
1725, that Capt. John Love well, of Chignecto bay ; the S. E. part the
Dunstable, Massachusetts, with 34 Basin of Mines. From Eastport to
men, fought a famous Indian chief, Cumberland, at the head of Chignamed Paugus, at the head of about necto bay, is about 170 miles; to
80 savages, near the shores of a V/indsor, at the head of the Basin
From
Lovewell's of Mines, is about 150.
pond in Pequawket,
men were determined to conquer Windsor to Halifax in N. lat. 44°
or die, although out-numbered by 39' 20", W. Ion. 63° 36' 40", is 45
the Indians more than one half. miles.
;
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
good
bay with prevail, and the absence of
ha-bors between Eastport and St.
our friends and neighbors, the EngWhile John's, and from St. John's to cape
lish, is very considerable.
The commerce on
this
Chignecto, render the navigation
they receive bread stuffs and other
difficult and often dangerous.
productions of our soil, we are inThe harbor of St. John's is easy
vast quantities
debted to them for
exsharp- of access, safe, and of sufficient
of grindstones and gypsum to
fleet of any draught
and renovate the soil. panse for a large
en our tools
The city of St. John's
The gypsum is principally from the of water.
contains about 15,000 inhabitants.
Basin of Mines;— it lies embedded
the
shores It is located at the outlet of
in elevated masses along the
of the bay
;— it
is
whose name
great river
easily quarried
it
bears, in
45° 20', W. Ion. 66°. This
It
city is a very flourishing place.
largest resource for timber and
is the
lumber that Queen Victoria has in
N.
and taken on board of vessels by
the sides of the cliffs. This gypsum
doubtful
is of a tine quaUty, and it is
whether any has been discovered
in our own country as good.
The grindstones from Cumberland, or Chignecto bay, are every
lat.
her possessions.
St. John's river rises in Canada
and the northern part of Maine. It
Madawaska, St. Franwhere celebrated. The source is receives the
many other valthe manufacture cis, Aroostook, and
inexhaustible, and
uable tributaries, from Maine; it
immense.
portion of its northThe tides in the bay of Fundy waters a large
many valua greater ern territory, and bears
are supposed to rise to
productions of that state to its
height than in any other part of the able
" This river is 350 miles
Their elevation increases mouth.
world.
long the tide flows up about 80
At Eastas you ascend the bay.
for boats 200
at St. John's miles ; it is navigable
port they rise 25 feet
Windsor, miles, and for sloops of 50 tons 80
80 at Cape Split, 55 at
This river and its branches
miles.
60, and at Cumberland, at the head
excellent
they rise to the water a large tract of
of Chignecto bay,
country. About 30 miles from its
enormous height of 71 feet. These
commences a fine level countides announce themselves some mouth
by a try of rich meadow lands,well clothtime before their approach,
The river furnishsound resembling that of a rushing ed with timber.
bass
dash against es a great quantity of salmon,
wind in a forest they
About a mile above
sturgeon.
the shore with a reddish hue, the and
city of St. John's is the only
color of the clay bottom over which the
entrance into this river. It is about
violence
they pass, with frightful
80 or 100 yards wide, 400 yards
at tirst, to the height of from 8 to
of the river.
all within long, called the falls
10 feet, overwhelming
It being narrow, and a ridge of rocks
their reach.
bottom of the
There are but few islands with- running across the
and a channel, on which there are not
Grand Menan,
in this bay.
feet of water, it is not sufcluster of small islands round it, off above 17
;
;
;
;
:
;
ficiently spacious to discharge the
the river above.
near Eastport, are the principal. fresh waters of
The common tides here rising above
belong to the British.
They
waters of the river at
small island about 5 miles off the 20 feet, the
water are about 20 feet higher
S. W. part of cape Chignecto, call- low
of the sea ; at high
ed Isle de Haut, contains beauti- than the waters
water the waters of the sea are
ful specimens of asbestos.
of
The rapidity of the tides within about 5 feet higher than those
frequently the river so that at every tide there
this bay, the fogs whicJi
West Quoddy Head,and Campo Bello,
A
:
13*
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
are
two
falJs, one outwards
and one
inwards. The only time of
passing with safety is when the
waters
of the river and of the sea
are
superior architecture.
Population
1837, .3,709.
The present^popS
tion is about 5,000.
lev-
el, which is twice
in a tide, and
continues only about 20
minutes
each time."
Frederickton, the capital of New
Brunswick,
iTiiles
S',
from
W.
Ion.
Gardner, Mass.
Worcester co. Otter river, a
congiderable stream, a branch
of Miller's river, rises partly
in this town,
and affords good mill seats.
On this
river is some good intervale
land •
the high lands are rough,
but good
or grazing.
The value of palm-
on this river, 80
mouth, in N, lat 46°
6G° 45'.
lies
its
Gardiaei", Me.
ieat
Kennebec co.
Gardiner was formerly a part of Pittston, and lies
on the W. side of Kennebec river,
6 miles S. from Au.crusta, and 4 below Hallowell. It is located at the
hats,
straw bonnets, chairs
wooden wares, leather, boots and shoes,
manufactured
in one year, amounted
to $132,272.
The cabinet ware and chairs
amounted to $109,000.
Gardner
was incorporated in 1785, and
lies
54 miles N. W. by W. from Boston
and 23 N. W. by N. from
Worcescabinet and
head of large navigation, and in regard to its commerce, manufacturing and agricultural interests,
it is
considered one of the most flourishter.
Population, 1837, 1,276.
ing towns in Maine. It was
incorchurch was formed here
porated in 1S03, and was named
in
in
and the Rev. Jonathan Osgood
honor of Dr. Sylvester Gardi- 1786,
was ordained. He died in 1825
KER, one of the proprietors of the
af-
A
old
Plymouth
ter sustaining the vocations
of
patent.
The Cobbessecontee waters meet
the Kennebec river at this
place,
and produce a water power of
usefulness and extent.
mills for sawing
lumber of
are
all di-
mensions, and here are vessels of
from SO to 120 tons burthen, lading
It
for transportation to
its various
are also manuf\ictures of various other kinds.
This
markets.
Here
town, Hallowell and Augusta,lie in
a most favored section of our
country.
What we have said in regard
to the location of Hallowell
and
Augusta, may be applied to Gardiner.
These towns are on the same
side of a noble river, united
by the
interests and feelings, and will
same
soon be connected by a rail-road
passing between them. The
village of Gardiner is very
pleasant
The business part lying on the river, 13 full of activity
and enterprise.
buildings, on a gentle rise from
the river, are beautifully located.
They command a delightful prospect, and some of them are
of
The
Gariaiid, Me.
g-reat
Here
jms-
tor,2^hysician and school master,
30
years,
Penobscot
CO.
Garland is watered by some of the head
branches
ot Kenduskeag stream.
It lies 74
miles N. E. by N. from
Augusta,
and 27 N. W. from Bangor,
fucorporated, 1811.
Population, 1830
621 ; 1837, 932. This is an excellent township of land
it produced
1837, 6,521 bushels of wheat. '
;
m
Gay Head, Mass.
See Chilmark.
Georgetown, Me.
Lincoln
Georgetown is contwo considerable islands
lying at the mouth of Kennebec
river.
These islands have Kennebec river on the W., Sheepscot rivco.
stituted of
er on the
E., and separated
from
Woolwich on the N. by a navigable passage between those two
rivers.
It is a Httle
the opposite
shore.
below Bath, on
This is one
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Gilead, Me.
of the most ancient settlements in
Maine. The town was incorporatedinl716. Population, 1S37, 1,355.
Oxford CO. Between two mounon both sides of Androscoggin
There is some good land on
river.
tains
46 miles S. from Augusta,
W. from Wiscasset. This
has excellent harbors, and postown
It lies
and 12
the river, but the chief part of the
township is fit only for grazing.
The expense of transportation of
S.
sesses peculiar privileges for
all
oc-
cupations connected with navigation and the fisheries.
fuel
71 miles W. from Augusta, and
25 S. S. W. from Paris. IncorporaPopulation, 1837, 374.
ted, 1804.
Georgetown was the
It was called
W.
JS'ew Rowley for some years, unCO.
part of Rowley".
til
its
the mountains, in a slipGilead
is very trifling.
lies
Georgeto^vii, Mass.
Essex
down
pery time,
Gilford,
]V.
H.,
One of the four shire towns for
Straflbrd county, is situated on the
side of Winnepisiogee lake.
S.
incorporation as a separate
town, in 1838. Georgetown is watered hy a branch of Parker's river, and is almost entirely engaged
in manufactures and the mechanic
It is a pleasant town and higharts.
This town lies 26 miles^N. N. E.
from Concord, and 48 N. W. from
Portsmouth. The soil is generally
There are two ponds
productive.
in this town, Little and Chattleborough. Gunstock and Mile's rivers,
rising in Suncook mountains and
Population, about
ly flourishing.
It lies 30 miles N. from
1,500.
Boston, and 10 S. W. from NewbuThe people of Georgetown
ryport.
flowi'ng N. into the lake, are the
The N. source
principal streams.
of the Suncook river is on the S.
are probably more extensively engaged in the manufacture of boots
and shoes than at any other place,
of these mountains, which extend
in a lofty pile over the E. part of
the town, from Gilmanton line nearly to the lake. There are seven islands in the lake, belonging to GilGeorgia, Vt.
ford, one of which has been connected to the main land by abridge
Population, 1S30,
Franklin co.
This town,
30 rods in length.
1,897." Georgia lies 40 miles N.
which was formerly a part of GilW. from Montpelier, and 8 S. from manton, was incorporated June 16,
First settled, 1784.
St. Albans.
It was settled in 1778.
1812.
The soil of Georgia is various but Here are manufactories of cotton
It feeds about
generally fertile.
goods, besides other useful mills
11,000 sheep. The Lamoille pass- and machinery.
Four bridges
es through the S. E. corner of the across the Winnepisiogee connect
toAvn, which, with other streams,
The vilthe town with Meredith.
give it an ample water power. This lage at this place is thriving and
trade and
is a place of considerable
Population, 1830, 1,872.
pleasant.
The
population, in America.
value of boots and shoes manufactured, and leather tanned, is said to
exceed $500,000 annually.
of
its
Over Stone
some manufactures.
Bridge brook is a stone bridge,—
a curious piece of nature's mechanGeorgia is washed on the ^\
ism.
by Lake Champlain the village is
.
:
pleasantly located, and commands
some very pretty lake and mountain scenery.
Gill,
Mass.
A mountainous
Franklin co.
township on the W. side of Connecticut river 86 miles W. by N.
from Boston, and 5 E. N. E. from
;
Greenfield.
Gill contains a
fine
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
tract of rich intervale on a bend
The people
of the Connecticut,
are generally engaged in farming.
The town is divided from Greenfield
It has some manuby Fall river.
factures of combs, wooden ware,
leather and palm-leaf hats.
The
fleeces of 1,809 sheep weighed
5,627 pounds, and were valued, in
Population, 1837,
1837, at $2,214.
809.
Taken from Deerfield in
1793.
Gilmaiitoii; N.
II.
One
of the shire towns in Strafford county, 17 miles N. N. E. from
Concord, and 45 W. N. W. fi-om
Portsmouth. It is bounded N. and
N. E, by Gilford and Alton. Population, 1830, 3,816.
Beside the
Winnepisiogee, this town is water»ed by the Suncook and Soucook
theological seminary at this place
is connected with the academy, and
is a flourishing institution.
Oilsum, N. H.
A
small township in Cheshire
county, situated about 10 miles E.
from the Connecticut. The soil is,
many parts, fertile, and produces
good crops of grass and grain.
Ashuelot river runs through this
town and affords a good supply of
water for mills, which is improved for cotton and other manufactures.
Gilsum was granted July
13, 1763, to Messrs. Gilbert, Sumner and others.
From the comin
bination of the first syllables of the
names of these men, it derives the
name of Gil-sum. The first settlement was made in 1764.
Gilsum
lies 55 miles S. W. by W. from
which have their sources in Concord, and about 9 N. from
Gilmanton. The Suncook rises in a Keene. Population, 1830, 642.
rivers,
pond near the top of one of the
Suncook mountains, elevated 900
Gleuburn, Me.
feet above its base.
The water of
Penobscot co.
This territory
this pond falls into another at the
was called Dutton, from 1822 to
foot of the mountain, of 1 mile in
1837.
It lies 76 miles N. E. from
length and 1-2 mile wide. Passing
Augusta, and 10 N. N. W. from
from this, it falls into another, covBangor.
Population, 1837, 717.
ering about 500 acres, from which
Glenburn is situated on both sides
it meanders through the town, reof the great bend of Kenduskeag
ceiving several streams in its course.
The Soucook rises from Loon, stream. It has a water power, but
Rocky and Shellcamp ponds,
town.
S. part of the
in the
This town
is
The soil is wheat
when properly
very hilly and rocky.
hard, but fruitful,
cultivated.
the inhabitants are mostly farmers.
soil is good, and considerable
The
The geology
of
is
raised.
GlastenTbury, Vt.
this
Bennington co.
This is a towntown presents many varieties.
There are several springs in Gilman- ship of 40 square miles of mounton, termed mineral one of which tainous land, more fit for the resi;
has proved efficacious in cutaneous dence of wild beasts than human
It is 9 miles N. E. from
and bilious affections.
This town beings.
was granted May 20, 1727, to 24 Bennington. Population, 1830, 59.
persons of the name of Gilman, and
Glastenlmry, Ct.
152 others.
In Dec. 1761, Benjamin and John Mudgett, with their
Hartford co.
This town, prefamilies,
settled here.
Dorothy
first child, was born here
"Weed, the
Oct. 13, 1762.
An academy
was
founded here in 1764. Its productive funds are about $11,000. The
incorporation in 1690,
to Wethersfield.
It lies Oft the east side of Connecticut river opposite to Wethersfield,
8 miles S. from Hartford.
It has
vious to
its
had been attached
�NEW ENGLAND
GAZETTEER.
on Connecticut rivis rough
vessels.
The lights on Thatcher's
island bear about northeast 6 miles
About
but generally productive.
a mile and a half from Connecticut
river, and 8 miles from Chatham
freestone quarry, in a romantic spot
from East Point, the eastern boundary of Gloucester harbor.
As
early as 1794 the exports from this
place, in one year, amounted to
ij^230,000. Here are immense quarries of light and grayish granite,
which is split with great ease, and
in large regularly formed blocks.
This stone is of a fine grain, is easily dressed, and can be put on board
of vessels with little expense. The
some
er.
fine land
The
face of the uphvuds
between the
hillji,is
a beautiful vil-
lage connected with
the Hartford
Manufacturing Company.
Roar-
ing
passes
brook,
at
this
place,
through a very narrow
defile, afford-
ing a great and constant water powCotton ii manufactured here
er.
to a considerable extent, and the
From
village is very flourishing.
the hills around this village a great
variety of delightful scenery is observable.
Population, 1S30, 2,980.
" In the eastern part of the town
there is a pond of about a mile in
circumference, called ' Diamond
pond,' from the circumstance of
there being small pebbles or stones
around its margin, having a peNear the cenculiar brilliancy.
tre of the town there is a mineral
spring, which, though it has acquired no celebrity abroad, has been
thought by men of science who
have examined it, to possess valuable medicinal qualities ; and for
more than one hundred years has
been known by the name of the
'
Pool of Neipseic' "
Gloucester, Mass.
Essex CO.
This is a maritime
township, comprising the whole of
Cape Ann, and celebrated for the
enterprise of its people in the fisheries and commercial pursuits.
It
is one of the oldest fishing establishments in the state.
Tliis cape
extends about 8 miles into the sea,
and forms the northern boundary of
Massachusetts bay.
Its harbor is
capacious, easy of access at any
season, and of sufficient water for
ships of great burthen. Gloucester
harbor and the chief settlements
are on the south side.
Sandy and
Squam bays lie on the north side,
about 4 miles fi-om the south harbor, and afford harbors for small
demand
for this stone is rapidly increasing, and the quarrying, hammering, and transporting it gives
employment to many men and vessels.
The canal across the neck
of the cape has failed of that success which was anticipated.
The
manufacture of palm-leaf hats,
boots, shoes, hats, vessels, chairs,
tin and cabinet wares, in the year
ending April 1, 1837, amounted to
In that year there were
$46,726.
221 vesrels employed in the cod
and mackerel fishery, the tornage
of which was 9,824 tons.
They
took 55,181 quintals of cod fish, and
43,934 barrels of mackerel
113,760 bushels of salt was used, and
1,580 hands employed. The value
of the cod and mackerel taken was
There are belonging to
$;522,082.
this place a great number of vessels
engaged in foreign and domestic
trade.
The total tonnage of the
district in 1837 was 18,802 tons.
:
This town lies in N. lat. 42° 36',
W. Ion. 70° 40', and was incorpora1639.
Population, 1820,
1830, 7,513; 1837, 8,822.
It lies 29 miles N. E. from Boston,
and 16 N. E. by E. from Salem.
Gloucester is a very pleasant town,
and a delightful retreat in summer
ted
in
6,-384;
months,
Gloucestei*,
R.. I.
Providence co.
This large and
respectable manufacturing town
lies 16 miles W. S. W. from Providence, and 50 E. by N. from Hartford. First settled, 1700.
Incorpo-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
rated, 1730.
town
is
but the
The
surface of the
somewhat broken by
soil is
well adapted
hills,
to agri-
cultural purposes, particularly to
grazing. Gloucester furnishes large
supplies of various products for
market.
There are tine forests in
several parts of the town, and large
quantities of ship and other timber
are conveyed to Providence and
other places. The Chepachet and
ning in a northerly direction.
It
happened that the northern barrier
of the pond consisted entirely of
quicksand, except an encrusting of
The sand
clay next the water.
was immediately removed by the
current, and a large channel formed.
The basin formed by the encrusting
of clay was incapable of sustaining
the incumbent mass of waters, and
it brake.
The whole pond immesome smaller streams give Glou- diately took a northerly course, and,
cester a good water power.
Man- in fifteen minutes from this time, its
ufacturing establishments are very bed was left entirely bare. It was
numerous, and Gloucester yields to discharged so suddenly that the
but few towns in
England in country below was instantly inunthe value of this branch of indus- dated.
The deluge advanced like
try, particularly in the manufac- a wall of waters, 60 or 70 feet in
ture of cotton.
Population, 1830, height, and 20 rods in width, leveling the forests and the hills, and
2,522.
filling up the valleys, and sweeping
Glover, Vt.
off mills, houses, barns, fences, catOrleans co. Glover was first set- tle, horses and sheep as it passed,
tled in 1797.
It lies 33 miles N.
for the distance of more than ten
N. E. from Montpelier, and 12 S. miles, and barely giving the inhabby E. from Irasburgh,
The town itants sufficient notice of its apis hilly, and the soil is more fit for
proach to escape with their lives ingrazing than tillage.
There are to the mountains.
rock, supposabout 3,200 sheep in the town. ed to weigh more than 100 tons,
There are in the town branches of was removed half a mile from its
Barton's, Passumpsic, Lamoille, and bed.
The waters removed so rapBlack rivers, and several ponds. idly as to reach Memphremagog
On these streams are some manu- lake, distance 27 miles, in about
factures, but none of any great six hours from the time they left
Nothing now remains
importance. Population, 1830,902. the pond.
copy an account of the run- of the pond but its bed, a part of
ning off of Long Pond, from which is cultivated and a part overThompson's valuable Gazetteer of grown with bushes and wild grass,
Vermont.
with a small brook running through
"Long pond was situated partly it, which is now the head branch
The channel
in this township and partly in of Barton river.
Greensborough.
This pond was through which the waters escaped
one and a half miles long, and about is 127 feet in depth and several
pond, some dishalf a mile wide, and discharged its rods in width.
waters to the south, forming one of tance below, was, at first, entirely
the head branches of the river La- filled with sand, which has since
moille.
On the 6th of June, 1810, settled down, and it is now about
about 60 persons w^ent to this pond one half its former dimensions.
for the purpose of opening an outMarks of the ravages are still to be
Jet to the north into Barton river, seen through nearly the whole
that the mills, on that stream, might course of Barton river."
receive an occasional supply of waGoffstown, N. H.,
small channel was excavater.
Hillsborough co., is 12 miles N.
ted, and the water commenced run-
New
A
We
A
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
by E. from Amherst, and 16
S. from
Piscataquog river, the
tributary branches of which unite
near the W. line of the town, runs
through its centre in an E. direction, and falls into Merrimack river at Piscataquog village in Bed-
Concord.
gusta, 27 S. E. from Ellsworth, and
bounded by Sullivan on the N.
Incorporated, 1789.
Popula';ion,
1830, 880; 1837, 1,047.
is
Gorliam, Me.
Cumberland
co.
This town li
Large quantities of lumber watered on the N. E. side by Preare annually floated down this riv- sumpscut river, and the Cumberland
er to the Merrimack, and most of and Oxford canal. It is 9 miles W.
the mill privileges are derived from N. W. from Portland, and 63 S. W.
this valuable stream.
There are from Augusta. Gorham was first
two considerable elevations in the settled in 1736, bj"^ John Phinney
S. W. part of the town, which ob- and others from Barnstable county,
tained from the Indians the name iSIass.
jNIaine was at that time
of Un-can-nu-nuc.
On the rivers almost a wilderness. Portland, Saare considerable tracts of valuable co and Scarborough were very feeintervale.
Back from the rivers ble in consequence of the depredacommence extensive plains, easy of tions of the Indians.
These peocultivation, and producing abun- ple endured great privations, and
dant crops of Indian corn and rye. for many years were in constant
ford.
From
apprehension of attack by the sav" The wives and daughages.
into large swells.
In this town ters of the first settlers of Gorham
there is an extemive cotton factory. shared in all the toils and wants of
The Goffstown Manufacturing Com- their husbands and fithers ; they
pany are erecting a large woolen used to labor in the field, carry burfactory at a flourishing village, in dens, go to mill, and aid in defence
the W. part of the town, on Piscat- of their property.
One time when
aquog river.
Population, 1S30, most of the men were away, the
Indians attacked the fort, and the
2,213.
Dr. JoxATHAr^j- Gove, a man wife of Hugh McLellan rallied the
distinguished for his urbanity, his women in the garrison, shut the
talonts and professional skill, resid- gates, mounted the walls, fired uped in this town.
He was one of on the Indians, and by her courage
the oldest practitioners of medicine and activity baffled the enemy till
in the county. He was many years succor arrived."
an active member of the legislaRev. Solomon Lombard, a native
of Truro, Mass., was the first setture.
tled minister.
His annual salary
Goldsboroiigli, Z5Ie.
was £53, 6s. Sd. He was ordained
Hancock co.
This is a large Dec. 26, 1750.
One hundred and
township, on the Atlantic ocean, twenty dollars were raised to defray
containing a number of excellent the expenses of the ordination.
harbors, and nearly surrounded by
copy the following from the
water.
It is admirably located for list of supplies for that occasion, to
all the various pursuits in navigashow the prices of some articles at
tion.
Goldsborough harbor, on the that period.
E. side of the town, is capacious and
1 barrel of flour,
£14 7s. 6d.
easy of approach by almost any
3 bushels of apples, 2 8
wind.
Frenchman's bay extends
2 barrels of cider,
9
on the W. side of the town and af2 gallons of brandy, 5
fords it many commercial advanta5
1 bottle of vinegar,
ges.
It lies 99 mileg E. from Au2 cheeses, 6d. per lb.
these
plains the land
rises
on each side of Piscataquog river
We
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
lbs. of pork, 7J, per lb.
6 candles,
£0 Is. Od.
1 oz. of nutmegs,
8 fowls,
1 16
29 lbs. sugar,
8 14
1 tea pot,
1 10
4 gallons of rum,
5 4
2 bushels cranberries, 2
1 lb. of tea,
10
1 lb. of ginger,
2
6 gals, molasses, 2s. 8<^. per gal.
4 oz. of pepper,
6
54^
10
Gorham
is
very pleasantly loca-
its soil is of a superior qualited
it has a flourishing academy, on
ty
a solid foundation
it is a place of
considerable trade, and of extensive manufactures of cotton, wool,
leather, starch, and gunpowder.
Gorham has produced many men of
:
:
:
among which were eminent
and statesmen. It is noted
attachment to the principles
talents,
jurists
for its
of the revolution.
From 1807 to 1834, twenty persons died in Gorham, whose average age was 94 years. Population,
1837, 3,022.
Gorliani,
K".
H.,
rough and unproductive township lying on the northCoos
CO., is a
erly base of the
and bounded E.
by Berlin, and
and
is
V.
bite mountains,
ny small streams, which unite
The
Goslieii, N. H.,
co., is bounded N. by
Newport and Wendell, E. by Newbury, S. by Washington, and W. by
Sullivan
Lempster and Unity. It is 42 miles
W. by N. from Concord. Croydon
turnpike passes through Goshen.
From Sunapce mountain, lying in
the E. part of this town, spring ma-
|
particularly calculated
for the production of grass.
It was
The
incorporated Dec. 27, 1791.
first settlement was made about the
year 1769, by Capt. Benjamin Rand,
William Lang, and Daniel Grindle,
whose sufferings and hardships were
very great. The crops of the first
settlers were greatly injured, and
sometimes entirely destroyed by
early frosts.
In such cases they
procured grain from Walpole and
other places.
At a certain time of
scarcity, Capt. Rand went to that
place after grain, and being detained by a violent snow storm, his
family was obliged to live without
provision for six days, during which
time Mrs. Rand sustained one of
his children, 5 years old, by the milk
from her breast, having a short time
before buried her infant child. Population in 1830, 772.
soil is
i
j
I
''
;
\
\
!!
!
Croslieu, Vt.
Addison
First settled, 1800.
co.
Goshen lies
Population, 1830, 555.
30 milc3 S. W. from Montpelier,
and 15 S. E. from Middlebury. Leicester and Philadelphia rivers supply the town with mill privileges.
The lands along the rivers are very
good, but in general they are too
by Shelburne, N.
W. by Randolph,
96 miles N. from Concord. mountainous
Several streams descend from the
mountains through this town into
the Androscoggin.
It was formerly called Shelburne Addition, but
was incorporated by its present
name June 18, 1836. Population
in 1830, 111.
in
forming Sugar river. Rand's pond
is in the
N. E. part of the town.
tion.
this
cultivaare found in
for profitable
Some minerals
town.
Goslieu, Mass.
Hampshire
A
co.
mountainous
town, 103 miles W. by N. fj-om Boston, and 12 N. W. from NorthampSome valuable minerals are
ton.
found here, such as emeralds, lead,
and tin. The manufactures of Goshen are small, chiefly of boots and
The value of 3,048 fleeces
shoes.
of wool, produced in 1837, was sold
Population, 1837, 560.
for $4,500.
GoslicH, Ct.
Litchfield co.
First settled, 1738.
_
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Incorporated,
1830, 1,734.
1749.
Goshen
Population,
miles
lies 6
N. from Litcliiield, 42 N. N. W.
from New Haven, and 32 W. from
Great attention is paid
Hartford.
in this town to the education of
Ivy mountain, in Goshen,
youth.
is considered the most elevated point
of land in the state ; its summit presents an extensive and delightful
" Goshen is the most elepro'jpect.
vated township in the state,' but not
been much celebrated
for its pic-
turesque beauties. Its numerous
angular projections, the variety of
its islands covered with wood, and
the vicinity of lofty mountains, render it an object peculiarly interest-
There are numerous elevaing.
tions which come under the name
Those of the most
of mountains.
importance are Gardner's in Ly-
generally mountainous ; the surface
being undulating, aflbrding an in-
njan, Peaked in Bethlehem, Moosehillock in Coventry, Cushman's and
the Blue mount in Peeling, Carr's
in Warren and Ellsworth, Moose in
teresting diversity of hills and vales.
Hanover, and Cardigan
The
soil
is
a gravelly loam, deep,
strong and fertile, admirably adapted for grazing. This is one of the
best towns for the dairy business in
the state. Large quantities of cheese
are annually made, the fame of
which is V, idely and Justly celebrated, and the inhabitants are generally in prosperous circumstances. In
neatness, in and about their dwellings, and in the appearance of general comfort and prosperity, they
are not exceeded, if equalled, by
any tov»*n in the state."
Gosport,
See
Isles
]V. II.
of Shoals.
Grafton Coimty, K. H.
IlaverhUl and Plymouth are the
county towns.
This county extends from lat. 43°
N.
58 miles in
length, and its greatest breadth is
SO miles. It contains 828,623 acres,
besides a large tract of ungranted
land. It is bounded N. by the coun27' to 44=" 22''
ty of Coos, E.
A
was made
Strafford, S.
by
Orange.
at
Lebanon, and
this
was
settlement on Connecticut
It was
river north of Charlestown.
constituted a county, wlarch 19,
1771, and received its name in
honor of Augustus Henry Fitzroy,
Duke of Grafton. Population in
1775, 3..597; in 1790, 12,449; in
1800, 20,171; in 1810,28,402; in
and in 1830, 38,691.
1820, 32,989
the
first
;
It is
by
in
Grafton county
is mouniainous and hilly, but this
circumstance does not prevent its
It presents fine
productiveness.
tracts for pasturage, a large proportion of arable land, and on the rivers, extenjive and fertile intervales.
This county is emphatically a
wool growing county, and there
were, in 18.37, more"^ than 120,000
sheep within its borders.
The first settlement in this county
larsre portion of
Graft OM, N. U.,
Grafton co., is bounded N. E. by
Orange, S. E. by Banbury, S. W.
by Springfield, and N. W. by EnIt is 36 miles N. W. from
field.
Concord, and 13 S. E. from Dart-
Merrimack, and V.'. by the state
It is watered by
of Vermont. Grafton county is wa- mouth college.
tered by Connecticut river, on branches of Smith's and Mascomy
which are several pleasant and rivers. Heard's liver, a small tribby Pemigewas- utary to Smith's river, waters the
flourishing towns
There are 5 ponds.
set, and Lower Amonoosuck rivers, S. E. part.
Tb.e largest, containing from 200 to
and by many smaller streams.
;
Squam and Newfound
300 acres,
largest
Two
lakes are the
The
collections of water.
former, of which a considerable
part lies in Strafford county, has
14
is
called Grafton
pond.
The
are named Mud ponds.
surface of Grafton is very hilly, in
some parts very mountainous ; and
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the soil is so rocky as, in many
places, to be unlit for culiivation.
There
however, some
are,
tracts of land.
good
The Gi-afton turnfrom Andover to Or-
pike, leadingford bridge, passes through the E.
part, and the 4th N. H. turnpike,
from Concord (o Hanover, tiirough
the V/. part.
In this town there is
a remarkable ledge, called the Pinnacle, on the S. side of which the
ground rises by a gradual ascent to
the summit; but on the N. side, it
falls nearly 150 feet, within the disIsinglass, as
tance of 6 or 8 feet.
it
is
commonly
called,
is
found in a
state of great purity in Glass Hiil
mountain. It adheres in the form
of lamina to rocks of white and yellow quartz. The usual size of these
lamina is about G inches square, but
some have been found much larger.
It requires much labor to obtain
which, when prepared,
transported to Boston, and from
this glass,
is
variety of mineral treasure.
Its
surface is uneven with a strong and
productive soil. Grafton was first
settled, 1780.
Population, 1830,
It lies 90 miles S. from
1,439.
Montpelier, and 18 N. from Newfane.
Grafton, Mass.
Worcester co.
This important
manufacturing town, the Hassanamiseo of the Indians, was incorpoIt lies 36 miles S.
Boston, and 9 S. E.
from ^\'orcester. Population, 1830,
1,839; 1837, 2,910. Blackstone river and several large ponds give this
town a constant and valuable water
power. There are 5 cotton and 1
woolen mills. The total amount of
the manufoctui-es of Grafton, the year
ending April 1, 1837, was $1,052,
448.
The manufactures consisted
of cotton and woolen goods, boots,
shoes, leather, scythes, chairs, tin,
cabinet and wooden wares, shoe
rated in 1735,
W. by W. from
thence exported to England. It is
found on the E. side of the mountain, which is 200 feet high. Gnifton was granted Aug. 14, 1761,
to Ephraim Sherman and others.
The first permanent settlement was
and bricks.
The manufacture of boots and shoes amounted
to ^614,141, employing 1,392 males
and females.
Grafton has a fine
soil, is beautifully located, and ex-
made
ceedingly nourishing.
in J^Iay, 1772,
by Capt. Jo-
seph Hoyt, from Poplin.
Capt.
Alexander Pixley and wife we-c
the second family who settled here.
Incorporated in 177S.
Population
Essex
allied to
This town is nearly
Ferdinand, both in loca-
CO.
and the character of the soil.
lies the next town S. of it,
and 97 people, it is said, reside within the limits of Granby.
Granby
Grafton, Vt.
Grafton
co.
is
finely
watered by Sexton's river, which is
formed in the town by the union of
several streams
and by a branch
;
of Williams' river. On these streams
are manufactui-es of woolen and
other goods.
Soap-stone of an excellent quality is very abundant in
this place.
It is man-ifactured by
water power for various uses to a
great extent
it is bored for aqueducts and sold at a very low price.
This town contains two pleasant
and flourishing villages, and a great
:
Giranljy, Vt.
tion
in 1830, 1,207.
Windham
tools
Oraiiby, Mass.
Hampshire co.
This town lies
90 miles W. by S. from Boston, and
9 S. E. from Northampton.
Incorporated, 1763.
It has good fish
ponds and two small streams. There
are two woolen mills in the town
and 2,067 sheep.
The wool, in
Population,
1837, sold for $3,670.
1837, 922.
It is said that copper
ore of a good quality is found in
Granby.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Granby,
Ct.
all sides by Lake Champlain except on the S., where it is
bounded on
Hartford co. This town was
corporated in 1786, and \vns that
part of Simsbury which contains
the famous Simsbury mines the old
The
state prison of Connecticut.
cavern, once occupied as a prison,
is now worked, as formerly, as a
copper mine. This odious place,
unlit for the residence of the worst
of criminals, is 16 miles N. N.
W. from Hartford. The pit or cavern is more than 50 feet in depth,
The worst
dark, damp and dismal.
stigma that can be cast on the good
people of Connecticut is, that this
infernal region was suffered to remain nearly 40 years the abode
There are
of their fellow beings.
some hills in Granby of considerain-
;
Barn door hills rise
ble elevation.
between four and five hundred feet,
and have the appearance of having
been separated by some convulsion
Turkey hills and Salof nature.
mon brook are pleasant villages, and
have the appearance of prosperity.
Farmington river w-aters the former, and a branch of that river, the
Population, 1830, 2,722.
latter.
Grand Isle County, Vt.
JVorth Hero is the county town.
This county comprises a group of
islands in Lake Champlain, and a
bounded by South Hero, from which
taken in 1809.
it was
It lies 50
miles N. W. from Montpelier, and
18 N. by W. from Burlington.
Population,
of the town is
very fertile ; it produces fine crops
of grain and an abundance of fruit
and cider. Marble, lime-stone, rock
crystals. Sec, are found here, and
Grand Isle contains the only water
This is a fine
mill in the county.
place for fishing and fowling.
First
settled,
1830, 643.
17S3.
The
soil
Grand Lake*
is a large collection of walying partly in the county of
This
ter,
Washington, Me., and partly in
New Brunswick. It contains a large
number
it receives the
small lakes and
is the chief source of the
Croix.
It lies about 90
E. from Bangor.
of islands:
waters of
rivers, and
river St.
miles
N.
many
Gi'antliam.,
]V.
H.,
Sullivan co., is bounded
Enfield, E. by Springfield,
Croydon,
and
which separates
W. by
N. by
S. by
Plainfield,
from Connecticut
It is 12 miles S. E. from
river.
Dartmouth college, and 45 N. W.
from Concord. There are 7 or 8
it
ponds, the largest of which lies in
the S. E. part of the town and is
called Eastman's pond, containing
nearly 300 acres. Another, lying
near the centre of the town, contains nearly 200 acres.
Croydon
mountain extends through the westing and tillage. This county has erly part of Grantham in a direcno considerable streams, but its nav- tion from S. W. to N. E. The soil
It is productive, especially on the "VV.
igable facilities are very great.
was first settled about the close of of the mountain. It seems to be
Incorpora- more favorable for wheat than any
the revolutionary war.
It contained, in 1837, other species of grain.
ted, 1802.
The mounabout 16,000 sheep.
Population, tain affords good pasturage, and the
1820, 3,527; 1830, 3,696.
Popula- lower land yields grass in abundtion to a square mile, 46.
ance.
On the E. side of the mountain is a spring supposed to possess
Grand Isle, Vt.
medicinal qualities, visited by hunGrand Isle co.
This town is dreds of valetudinarians in the sum-
point of land jutling into the N.
part of that lake on the S. side of
the Canada line, on which Alburgh
This county contains
is situated.
about 80 square miles most of the
land is level and excellent for graz:
�NEW ENGLAND
mer
GAZETTEER.
On
the summit of variegated marble, and a good mill
a natural pond, stream.
The soil on the banks of
containing about 5u acres. This the Housatonick is fertile and the
town was first granted July 11, uplands are well adapted for graz1761, but the proprietors not fuifill- ing.
The manufactures consist of
ing the conditions of the charter, it cotton and woolen goods, boots,
was forfeited. In 1767, it was re- shoes, leather, hats, pig iron, lasts,
granted to Col. William Symmes and tin ware, bevils and guages.
To63 others, by the name of Gran- tal amount of manufactures in one
tham. Incoi'poraied in 1761. Pop- year, $122,369.
This town the
same year (1837) produced 2,657
ulation, in 1830, 1,079.
fleeces of merino wool, valued at
season.
Croydon mountain
is
Gfi-aiivllle,
Vt.
SP"3
Addison
co.
See Barnard, Me.
Graiaville, Mass.
Hampden
The
This is a mountainous township, 110 miles W. S.
W. from Boston, and 14 W. from
Springfield.
It contains good soapThe wool
stone and 1,500 sheep.
There are
sold in 1837 for $2,572.
some manufactures in Granville of
pocket books, hoots, shoes, leather,
Although the
and silver ware.
co.
high, the soil in many parts
The
is very good and productive.
village is very pleasant. IncorporaPopulation, 1837,1,439.
ted, 1754.
land
Gr«at-]Says, N. H.
is
largest is that lying E. from
Market, formed by the united
v/aters of Swamscot, Winnicut, and
Laniprey rivers. It is 4 miles wide,
and at some seasons is picturesque
as connected with the surrounding
scenery.
This bay has Newington
on the E., Greenland and Stratham
on the S., and New Market and
New
Durham W, its waters pass N. E.
through Little bay, where Oyster
river unites with the current which
:
passes into the Piscataqua.
Great-Bay, between Sanbornton
and Meredith, is a body of water, connected with Winnepisiogee
Cumberland co. This is a fine farm- lake, and dischai-ging its waters ining town, watered by branches of to Winnepisiogee river. Round and
North Yarmouth and Presumpscot Long bays are situated between the
rivers, and containing a large part of lake and Great Bay, and there are
Little Sebago pond. It lies 17 miles two small bays on the river below
N. by W. from Portland and 44 S.
Great Island, N. H.
W. from Augusta. Incorporated,
Population, 1337, 1,671.
1778.
See JVew Castle.
Gi-ay is a pleasant town and a place
Great IVorks Stream, Me.
of considerable trade and some manufactures.
This stream has anumber of tributaries, and is an important branch
Great Earriiigtoii, Mass.
of the Penobscot.
It has many sites
Berkshire co.
very pleasant for mills, and falls into the Penobtown in the valley of Housatonick scot, on the E. side, opposite to the
river, 12.5 miles Y*.^ by S. from Bos- Indian settlement at Oldtown.
At
ton, and 14 S. from Lenox.
Incor- its confluence with the Penobscot
Gray, Me.
A
porated,
2,440.
1761.
Population, 1837,
Monument mountain,
there
is
a considerable village.
some wild and picturesque scenery.
There is another stream of this
name, which rises in York county,
and passes to Salmon Fall river, at
Here
South Berwick.
this
town,
is
quite lofty
:
it
in
presents
are good iron ore, beautifully
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Greene, Me.
Kennebec
CO.
a favorite
Greene has several
ponds, but no good mill privileges.
It lies on the E. side of Androscoggin river, 6 miles above Lewiston,
and 22 S. W. from Augusta. It is
an excellent farming town, and
produced, in 1S37, 3,27S bushels of
wheat. Incorporated, 178S. Population, 1837, 1,366.
Greeiil)us!i,
Penobscot
CO.
This territory was
the Olammon Plantation,
until its incorporation in 1834.
Olammon stream, one of the most
beautiful tributaries of the Penobscot, joins that river, on the E. side,
in Greenbush, affording an extensive hydraulic power.
Greenbush
is a flourishing place, and lies about
25 miles N. by E. from Bangor.
Population, 1830, 333; 1837, h'oQ.
Greenfield, Me.
co.
five
Greenfield, Mass.
Me.
called
Hancock
sons of the
ponds ; the
largest about one mile in length,
and one third of its length in width.
The first settlement commenced in
1771, by Capt. Alexander Parker, Slajor A. Whittemore, Simeon
Fletcher, and others. It was incorporated June 15, 1791. Population,
in 1830, 946.
spot of the
There are
forest.
This town was in-
corporated in 1834.
It was No. 38
on the Bingham Purchase. See
" Down East."
Greenfield, N, H.,
Hillsborough co., is bounded N.
by Francestown and Society-Land,
E. by Francestown and Lyndeborough, S. by Lyndeborough and
Temple, and W. by Peterborough
County town, Franklin co. This
town lies on the W. side of Connecticut river, and is washed by Green
an excellent mill stream, a
branch of the Deerfield. The village is situated about 2 miles from
Connecticut liver, and is very beautiful and flourishing.
There is a
woolen mill in Greenfield with four
sets of machinery
and manufacriver,
;
tures of boots, shoes, leather, hats,
iron castings, chairs, cabinet and
tin wares, saddles, harnesses,trunks,
stove and lead aqueduct pipe, iron
work, guns, pistols, rifles, coaches, wagons, books, &,c.
The total
amount of manufactures, for the
year ending April 1, 1837, was
,$164,844. ^The'value of wool, the
pioductof 2,153 fleeces, sheared in
There is an
1837, was $3,404.
academy
for
young
ladies in this
town, a farming school for young
men, and some iron and copper ores.
Greenfield lies 95 miles W. by N.
from Boston, and 22 N. from Northampton. Incorporated, 1753. Pop-
and Hancock. It is 14 miles W.
N. W. from Amherst, and 33 S. AV.
from Concord.
Contoocook river ulation, 1S30, 1,540; 1837, 1,840
forms part of the W. boundary, and
Greenland, N. H.,
separates this town from Hancock,
The
generally fertile.
The
excellent pasturage the
valleys and plains are favorable for
grain.
Hops are raised in great
abundance.
part of Crotchcd
mountain rises from the N. part,
soil is
hills afford
;
A
Rockingham
co., is situated five
miles W.S.W. from Portsmouth, and
45 E.S.E. from Concord it is bounded N. by the Great-Bay and Newington, E. by Portsmouth and Rye,
:
S. by North-IIampion, and "\V. by
and part of Lyndeborough mountain Stratham. The soil is remarkably
from the S. and E. sections of this good. The orchards and gardens
town.
There are some valuable of this town are valuable, and yield
meadows in one of them have annual profits to the farmers.
been found many Indian relics, from Greenland, originally a part of Portswhich it is conjectured that it was mouth, was incorporated as a dis;
14*
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
tinct
town
in
1703,
commenced early, and
were 329
Settlements
1705 there
in
inhabitants.
Samuel M'Cl,intock,
Rev.
D. D., who died in the 48th
of his ministry, was hoi-n at
Mass.,
year
Med-
May
1, 1732; graduaJersey college in
1751; ordained in 1756; and died
April 27, 1804, aged 72. His fa-
ford,
ted at the
New
ther was a native of Ireland.
Dr.
M'Clintock was a sound divine, eminent as a preacher, and distinguished for his attachment to the cause
of his country.
He served as a
chaplain in tlie army of the revolution.
Population in 1830, GSl.
Green Momiataiais.
For his good fortune in
respect, the proprietors of the
township gave him 100 acres of
" Beautiful lake " and seveland.
ral other lakes and ponds in this
town, form a part of the head waters of the river Lamoille.
This
town is v/ell timbered
the surface is not very elevated
the soil
in general is good, particularly for
grazing.
It produces some fine catthis
town.
tliis
:
;
tle, and keeps about 4,000 sheep.
Population, 1830, 784.
Greenville, BIc.
The " Haskell
Piscataquis co.
Plantation," incorporated in 1836.
109 miles from Augusta.
Population, 1837, 132.
See " Down East."
This range of mountains rises in
Lower Canada.
pass nearly
through the centre of Vermont,
from N. to S., and the westerly
parts of the states of Massachusetts
and Connecticut, and terminate near
NcAV Haven, on Long Island Sound.
From their green appearance they
give the name to Vermont, and decrease in height as they approach
The
north peak, in Mansfield, Vt., is the greatest elevation,
being 4,279 feet above the surface
of lake Champlain.
the south.
Green
Kivei-s.
river, in Massacliit setts,
high lands at the N. W.
corner of Berkshire county it passes N. W. through Williamstovvn,
and the S. W. corner of Vermont,
and joins the Hoosick in N. Y.
There are several smaller streams
rises in the
;
in
New England
of the
Hampshire
co.
same name.
Greeaislsoi'oiigla, "Vt.
Orleans oo. Vf'^illiam Scott Shepard, born March 25, 1789, was the
first white child brought forth in
There are anum-
ponds in this town, by which,
and Swift river passing through it,
a good water power is acquired.
There is a woolen mill in the town,
and manufactures of shoes, boots,
palm-leaf hats, and scythes.
In-
bei- of
corporated, 1754. Population, 1837,
842.
Greenwich lies 75 miles W.
fi'om Boston, and 17 N. E. from
Northampton.
Greeii^vicli, Ct.
Fairfield co.
Green, or Quodotchquoik river,
in the N. E. part of Penobscot county, Maine, is an important branch
of the St. John's, and joins that river about 24 miles W. from the line
of New Brunswick.
Green
GrceiiAvicli. Mass.
They
The settlement
of
town commenced in 1640, and
was incorporated by Stuyvesant,
the Dutch governor at New York,
in 16G5. Greenwich comprises three
parishes or villages,
West Greenwich, Greenwich on the E. and
Stanwich on the N. West Greenwich, on Horse JYech, so called
from a peninsula on the Sound forthis
—
mei'ly used as a horse pasture, is the
largest and most important part of
Greenwich is watered
the town.
by By ran river, the boundaiy line
between the town and state of
York, and the most southern part of
England.
At the outlet of
York side,
Byran river, on the
is a place called Satvpits, a noted
landing place on the Sound, 28 miles
New
New
New
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
New York. Miannus
and other smaller streams
water the town.
N. E IVom
number
handsom« buildings.
of
said to be very
manufacturing and
It lies 8
concerns.
great battle took place between commercial
and 46
Dutch and Indians at Horse miles N. E. from Norwich,
the
There are
action was E. S. E. from Hartford.
The
Neck, in 1646.
manufactories of cotton in
long and severe, both parties light- other
The this town, and some of wool. The
much obstinacy.
ing with
its soil
is hilly
Dutch with much dilhculty kept suiface of Griswoid
some produce is
o-raveliy loam
field, and the Indians with- a
the
and about 3,000
drew. Great numbers were slain sent to "market,
Population, 1S30,
on both sides, and tlie graves of the sheep are kept.
dead, for a century or more, appeared like a number of small hills.
Grotoii, K. H.,
" Putnam's Hill is situated in
Grafton co., is bound N. by RumWest Greenvvdch, about five miles
Orange,
W. from Stamford, on the main road ncy, E. by Hebron, S. by It is 10
York. This place is cele- and W. by Dorchester.
to New
W. from Plymouth, 45 N.
brated for the daring exploit of Gen- miles S.
Vr. from Concord, and 15 S. E. from
eral Putnam, who descended this
The north part is v. aprecipice when pursued by the Brit- Hanover.
tered by a branch of Baker's river,
ish dragoons."
has sevGreenwich is a rough and uneven and the southerly part
creek
This
little
city
prOL-perous in
is
its
A
;
:
township, with
productive
a
soil.
some wild scenery along
and many beautiful views
It presents
the road,
of Long Island Sound.
miles W. S. W. from
It
New
and 20
W.
S.
W.
lies
48
Haven,
from Fairfield.
Population, 1830, 3,S05.
Greeu^ivood, Ble.
Incorporated, 1815.
Oxford
It lies 53
Population, 1837, 754.
miles W. by S. fiom Augusta, and
CO.
This is a
7 N, W. from Paris.
The
township of excellent land.
inhabitants are generally engaged
eral
which fall into
There is but one
small streams,
Newfound
lake.
pond of any consequence lying wholly in thistown, and that is situated
about a mile N. E. of the meetingGroton was granted July
house.
8, 1761, to George Abbot and others
It
by the name of Cochernioutk.
was re-granted, about five years afterwards, to Col. John Hale and others, and the first settlement was
commenced in 1770. Incorporated
by the name of Groton, Dec. 1796.
Population, in 1830, 639.
Groton, Vt.
in agricultural pursuits.
Caledonia co.
First settled, 1787.
Griswolcl, Ct.
Wells river and its branches afford
town this town a good water power.—
New London co. This
number of ponds in
was taken from Preston in 1815, There are a
Lisbon by Groton, well stored with excellent
and is separated from
large and
Quennebaugh river. The Pochaug, fish, some of which are
of the town is
stream, passes through handsome. The soil
a sluggish
the town.
The
principal village,
very neat and pretty, containing about yOO inhabitants, is
which
is
called Jeii^ett City.
The
city lies
on the east side of the Quonnebaug,
at this place a very powerful stream,
and contains three extensive cotton
factories, a church, bank, and a
generally hard, but there is some
choice land along the streams, and
good timber.
The wife of a Mr. Page, of this
town, in the year 1819, produced
four lusty " green mountain boys"
Svhen domestic manu-
at a birth.
factures
of
this
description
and
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
amount, are adduced as evidence
of the prosperity of a town, it is
useless to talk about water power,
cotton factories, or wool growing.
Groton lies 16 miles E. by S. from
Moutpelier, and 15 S. by W. from
Danville.
Population, 1830, 836.
Ciro'toa,
Mass.
Middlesex co. This is a delighttown, with an extraordinary good
soil; 32 miles N. W. from Boston,
and 13 W. by S. from Lowell.
Groton was settled soon after
Concord.
It was for some years a
frontier settlement, and much exful
posed
to
the Indians.
In 1G7G, the
town was attacked by 400 Indians,
and all the buildings plundered and
burnt, except four garrison houses.
A
ty into Long Island Sound.
number of whale ships and coasting vessels are owned in this town.
This
is a place of some trade, and considerable quantities of the produce of
the county is shipped to
York
market. Ship building is carried
on to a considerable extent, on
the Mystic, wiiich is navigable for
large vessels about tu'o miles from
the Sound.
About 300 men and
boys are employed in navigation.
Previous to its incorporation, in
1705, Groton was a part of NewLoadon. Population, 1830, 4,705.
" Groton will ever be memorable as the theatre of the most important
and interesting military
transactions which have taken place
in the state.
In the early settlement of the country, the fate of
New
The town is finely watered by
Nashua and Squanecook rivers Connecticut was decided by the
and a number of beautiful ponds. sword on Pequot hill, within the
The buildings are in a style of lin:iits of this town, and the Pequots,
the
great neatness and taste, and some
of elegance.
Tliis town has a female seminary of high reputation,
and a number of moral and religious institutions.
The local beauties of Groton and its facilities for
education are so great as to induce
many wealthy families to made it
their residence. The manufactures
of Groton consist of paper, axletrees, soap-stone pumps, mathematical instruments, clothing, palmleaf hats, chairs, cabinet ware,
leather, boots and shoes.
Incorporated, 1655.
Population, 1830,
2,057.
CJrotosi, Ct.
New
London
co.
Groton
lies at
the mouth of the river Thames, in
the harbor of New London, and opposite to that city, on the E.
The
lands are generally hilly and rocky,
with some fertile tracts on the margin of the Thames.
There are several villages, Groton Bank, opposite
London, Portersville, on
New
Mystic
river,
the most haughty and warlike tribe
of savages in
England, efFectually crushed by a single blow,
and their existence as a nation annihilated.
In the war of the revolution, another of the
high places
of Groton became an Aceldama',
and the tiower of her sons were sacrificed to the vengeance of an infuriated enemy.
" On the 6th of September, 1781,
a body of British troops, about 800
in number, under the command
of Lieut. Col. Eyre, landed on the
Groton side, opposite the light-
New
'
house, and having found a lame boy
collecting cattle, compelled him to
show them the cart path to the fort.
They landed about 9 o'clock in the
morning of a most delightful day,
Fort Griswold was
clear and still.
under the command of Lieut. Col.
William Ledyard, brother of the
celebrated traveller of the same
name. He resided on Groton bank,
New
opposite
London,
and
was
much beloved and respected by his
and Pequonnuck. neighbors. On the advance of the
The Pequonnuck and Mystic
ers pass through the town, and
riv-
emp-
enemy,
Col. Ledyard,
about 150
men
having but
with him in the fort.
�NEW ENGLAND
sent out on officer to get assistance,
as tljoie w^i-c a nuuiber of hundreds
of people collected in the vicinity
:
GAZETTEER.
some
parts of the
parade ground.
wagoQ
was loaded with wounded AmeiiSoon
after the suriender, a
by drinking too much, cans, and set off down the hill ; it
intoxicated, and no rein- struck an apple tree with great force,
forcement \vas obtained. On the and knocked several of these bleedrejection of a summons to surren- ing men out, and caused their inder, the I3rilish extended their lines, stant death.
One of these distress60 that they were scattered over the ed men having been thrown ouc of
fields, and rushed on to the attack the wagon, and while crawling towith trailed arms, under the lire of wards the fence on his hands and
the Americans, to the assault of knees, was brutally knocked on the
Having head by the butt end of a musket,
the fort on three sides.
effected a lodgment in the ditch, by one of the refugees who were
they cut away the pickets, and hav- attached to the British army. The
ing scaling ladders, they entered British embarked at the foot of the
the fort and knocketl away the gate hill, near the ferry, and took off a
on the inside. While tiie British number of prisoners with them.
were in the ditch, they had cold As they left the fort, they set fire
shot thrown on them, and as they to a train, intending to blow up the
were entering the embrazures, the magazine, in which were about 100
garrison changed their weapons and barrels of powder.
Fortunately it
fought desperately with spears or was extinguished by our people,
pikes, 15 or IG feet in length, which who entered the fort soon after the
did considerable execution. Unfor- enemy left it.
It is stated that the
tunately they had lent the greater enemy lost in the attack on the for*^
part of the pikes belonging to the 54 killed and 143 wounded, several
fort to a privateer a few days before.
of whom afterwards died of their
Major Montgomery was hoisted up wounds. The killed of the enemy
on the walls of the fort by his sol- were buried by their comrades at
diers.
As he was flourishing his the gate of the fort, and were so
sword on his entrance, he was mor- slightly covered that many of their
tally wounded by Jordan Freeman, legs and
arms remained above
a colored man, who pierced him ground. Our people who were killthrough witli a spear. Another of- ed at the fort, were stripped, and so
ficer was killed by a musket ball, disfigured, covered with blood and
while in the fort. As he fell, he ex- dust, that with the exception of
claimed ' Put every one to death, tvvo or three, they could not be redoii't spare one.'
Col. Ledyard, cognized by their friends, except
finding further resistance useless, by some particular marks on their
this officer,
became
:
presented his sword to an officer,
who asked liim who commanded the
'I did,' said
fort.
'
Col.
you do now.'
but
Ledyard,
The
officer
(Capt. Bloomfield) took his sword
and plunged it into his bosom. Col.
Ledyard fell on his face and instantly expired. An indiscriminate mas-
sacre
now
took place,
till
a British
exclaimed ' ]\Iy soul cannot bear such destruction,' and ordered a parley to be beat.
Such
had been the butchery in the fort,
that it was over shoes in blood in
officer
:
persons."
The monument onGroton Heights,
in
commemoration
of Groton and
of the destruction
London by the
New
Arnold, " has its foundation
stone at an elevation of about 1.30
feet above tide v/ater: the monutraitor
ment itself is one hundred and twenty seven feet in height.
The pedestal rises about eighteen or twenty feet, and is twenty three feet
square
on the pedestal rises an
obelisk square, ninety two feet in
height, twenty two feet square at its
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
eleven feet at the top.
ascended by one hundred and
Giiilfoi'd,
base, and
It is
sixty five stone steps, inserted into
tlie outer wall, rising in a circular
form, their inner ends supported by
an iron rail and bannister. The monument is constructed of granite, of
which there is an abundance in the
vicinity.
The expense of its erec-
was eleven thousand dollars
amount was raised by a lottery,
granted by the state for this pur-
tion
this
Me.
Piscataquis CO. This town is finewatered by the Piscataquis and
some of its upper branches. It is
of fine soil, and produced in 1837,
4,965 bushels of wheat.
It has a
pleasant village, a number of mills,
and considerable trade.
Guilford
is 71 miles N. by E. from Augusta,
45 N. W. from 'Bangor, and 12 N.
W. from Dover. Incorporated, 1816.
Population, 1837, 799.
ly
pose.
Guilford, Vt.
The
following is the inscription,
on marble, placed over the entrance
of the monument.
" This Pvlonument
was erected under the patronage
of the
State of Connecticut,
A. D. 1830,
and in the 55th year of the Independence of the U. S. A.
In memory of the brave Patriots
who
fell
massacre at Fort Griswold,
near this spot,
on the Gth of September, A. D. 1781,
in the
when
the
under the command
of the traitor, Benedict Arnold,
burnt the towns of
New London and Groton,
and spread desolation and woe
throughout this region."
British,
Gnildliall, Vt.
County town of Essex
co.
W.
1,760.
The people of this town
took an active part in defending the
rights of Vermont against the claims
of jurisdiction set up by the state
of
Yoi'k, about the years
1783-4.
Guilford produced a number of patriots in this as also in the
revolutionary cause. The soil of
the town is warm and fertile, exceedingly productive of grain, fruits,
maple sugar, butter, cheese, pork,
sheep, horses, and beef cattle.
It
has good mill seats on Green river
and branches of Broad brook, a
number of manufactories, a medicinal spring, and various kinds of
minerals.
New
Guild-
situated on the
Windham co. This town was first
permanently settled in 1760. It lies
125 miles S. from Monlpelier, 15
S. by E. from Newfane, and 30 E.
from Bennington. Population, 1830,
side of
hall
is
Guilford, Ct.
New Haven co. This town, the
Menunkatuc of the Indians, was
wa- first settled in 1639. The town was
Connecticut river, and is united to
Lancaster, N. H., by two bridges
across the river.
The town is
tered by several small streams.
The soil of the town is quite uneven
and stony, except a tract of intervale on the river.
Cow and Burnside mountains are considerable elevations, and afford excellent views
of the meanderings of the ConnecGuildhall lies 50 miles N.
ticut.
E. from Montpelier, and 90 N. by
First settled,
E. from Windsor.
Population, 1830, 481.
1789.
by a party of Non-Conformfrom England, at the head of
which was the Rev. Henry Whitfield.
Mr. Whitfield's house, built
settled
ists
is now standing,
occupied, and in good repair. The
cement used in building it, is said
to be harder than the stone itself.
This building was used by the first
settlers as a fort and place of refuge
against the attacks of the natives.
of stone, in 1640,
�NEW ENGLAND
The
first inarriasje
in the
Menunkatuc. The buildings in the
borough are neat, but somewhat
antiquated in their appearance.
Guilford is a place of resort for sea
air and bathing. The accommodations are very good.
The scenery
in the vicinity of
Sachem's Head
wild and picturesque. The soil
of Guilford is well adapted to agricultural pursuits, to which, and some
coasting trade, the principal part of
the inhabitants are devoted.
It lies
16 miles E. from New Haven, and
36 S. from Hartford.
Population,
1830, 2,344.
is
Maddaiu,
river.
Haddam Society, on
the W. side, is the largest part of
the town, and the seat of justice.
That part of Haddam on the E. side
ticut
called
is
but
Haddam Neck.
little
The
dam.
township is
If the greatness of a character
be estimated by the object it
pursues, the danger it braves, the
difficulties it encounters, and the
purity and energy of its motives,
David Brainerd is one of the greatest characters that ever appeared
in the world.
Compared with this
standard of greatness, what little
things are the Alexanders, the Caesars, the conquerors of the whole
earth.
nobler object no human
or angelic mind could ever propose
to itself than to promote the glory
of the great Governor of the Universe, in studying and laboring to
diffuse purity and happiness among
his unholy and miserable creatures.
" His life and diary among the
Indians,' says a celebrated English
divine, ' exliibits a perfect pattern
of the qualities which should distinguish the instructor of rude and
barbarous tribes the most invincible patience and self denial, the
profoundest humility, exquisite prudence, indefatigable industry, and
such a devotedness to God, or rather such an absorption of the whole
soul in zeal for the divine glory
and the salvation of men, as is
scarcely paralleled since the age of
"
the apostles.'
This faithful servant of Christ
died at the house of the Rev. Jonathan Edwards, at Northampton,
Mass., October 10, 1747, aged 30.
is
to
A
'
;
Ct.
One of the county towns of Middlesex CO. Incorporated, 166S. This
town lies on both sides of Connec-
is
"
town was
solemnized in this building. The
treat on the occasion was pork and
peas. Guilford borough was incorporated in 1S15.
It is handsomely
located two miles from Long Island
Sound, on a tract of alluvial plain,
and near a small stream called the
GAZETTEER.
There
land in Hadprincipal part of the
hilly and stony, with
alluvial
considerable forests.
There are
valuable quarries of granite on both
sides of the river. About 150 men
are annually employed in quarrying it, and about $70,000 worth of
There
stone is annually exported.
are many vessels built at Haddam.
The timber in this quarter of the
county is well adapted for that purpose.
The village of Haddam is
pleasant, and has a good prospect
of the river.
It lies 23 miles S.
from Hartford, and 8 S. E. from
Middletown. Population, 1830, 2,830.
David Braixerd, the devoted
missionary among the Indians, first
drew his breath in Haddam.
Hatllcy, Mass.
Hampshire co. This is
sant town on the E. bank
a pleaof Connecticut river, and unites with
Northampton by a beautiful bridge,
1,030 feet in length.
It was first
settled in 1647. Incorporated, 1661.
Population, 1837, 1,805.
It lies 88
miles W. from Boston.
Two small
streams afford the town some water
power. Hadley contains a lai-ge and
tract of alluvial meadow.
village, situated on the river,
is pleasant, and contains many neat
and valuable buildings.
Hadley was a retreat of the celefertile
The
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
about ,fUoO,000.
Halifax was incorporated in 1734.
Population,
heated Goffe and Whalley, two of
the judges who condemned Charies
They remained
I. for execution.
secluded here more than fifteen
Goffc
years, when Whalley died.
died and was buried at New Haven, Ct., some years after.
The manufactures of Hadley consist of leather, boot.?, shoes, hats,
glue, palm-leaf hats, wire, chairs,
cabinet ware, brooms, and brushes.
Total value the year endino- April
This town is
1, 1837, $117,850.
celebrated for raising broom corn.
1837, 781.
Ilallo-well,
Kennebec
al
to
W.
This town?hip
is
rather elevated, but of good soil,
finely adapted for grazing.
It is
a place of considerable trade, and
of manufactures on its numerous
streams.
Its principal streams are
Green river and a branch of the
Deerfield.
There are some handsome falls of \Ajater in Halifax, and
a curious cave called Dun''s Den.
)(' the
The produotlc''
tov;n are
butter, cheese, pork, sheep and othThe cause of education
er cattle.
flourishes here, and the people are
generally independent cultivators
of the soil.
Halifax lies 125 miles
S. from Montpelier, and 15 S. from
Nev/fane.
First settled, 1761.
Population, 1830, 1,562.
Plymouth co. The Indian name
of this place was Monponset.
It
lies 28~^mile3 S. S. E. from Boston,
and 12 W. by S. fj-om Plymouth.
The surface of the town is generally level, with considerable good
soil.
Monponset and other ponds
are large collections of water, and
the sources of valuable mill privileges.
There are a cotton and woolen mill in the town, and manufacture > of shoes and straw brold
streets
number of vessels are engaged in
the freighting business, and others
run as packets to various places.
The principal exports are lumber,
granite, and all the common productions of a fertile northern cliThe gr;initc quarries at
mate.
a
;
annual amount of maaufactuics
The
sented from the high grounds on
each side of the village, form an exhibiiion of scenery of uncommon
excellence.
Hallowell is about 3
miles in width, and extends back on
each side of the river 5 miles. It
was incorporated in 1771, and included all the territory of Augusta
and a part of Gardiner. From this
place the brave but traitorous Arnold marched on an expeullion
against Canada, in 1776.
There is one water mill in the
town ; tv/o saw mills, an iron foundry and machine shop, worked by
steam.
Steam boats ply from this
place to Poi-tland and Boston, during the sca'^on of navigation. There
is considerable tonnage at this place:
Halifax, Mass.
total
side of the river.
pally of brick.
Most of the dwelling houses are on the back or elevated streets: they are built, as are
the churches, with great taste, and
being surrounded by beautiful
groves, make a fine appearance.
The varied views of the river, the
neighboring towns, and of a fertile country of hills and vales, pre-
other places.
co.
de-
run parallel with the river, and the
ground ascends 200 fr,^et from the
lower street, or burliness part of the
village.
On this street are 60 commodious stores, constructed princi-
Halifax, Vt.
Windham
is
and Gardiner, two miles below the
former and four miles above the latter.
The principal village is on the
unmanufactured materi-
was scut
Kallowell
lightfully situated on both sides of
Kennebec river, between Augusta
The value of brooms manufactured
was $Sy,248. A considerable quantity of the
co.
Me.
I
Hallov/fU have i)Ci'n vvorki^il for
years with great success.
iifteen
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Whitneysville, about two miles
from New Haven, is admirably located for manufacturing opperations.
The manufactures at the Cannel
of a light color and
in some years
it hasheen trans"Vessels drawing 9 feet of
ported.
water can come to the wharves in
The
granite
is
wrought:
^100,000 worth of
easily
tvorks, consist of paper, carriages,
coach and elipfic springs, steps,
the centre of the village.
As Ilallowell and Augusta are
so closely united in all their various interests and pursuits, a repetition of what we have said of the
favorable position of Augusta, and
of its future prospects, is unneces-
Mount
axletrees, brass work, &c.
Carmel, a noted elevation, 8 miles
Haven, exhibits an
N. from
New
extensive prospect.
1830, 1,669.
Population,
j
With common success in our
sary.
national aflflurs, and with a continuation of that spirit of enterprize,
Hamilton, Mass.
This is a beautiful
Essex CO.
farming town, and most of the in-
employed in cultivatevery day manifested on the banks habitants are
There are some vessels
ino- it.
of the Kennebec, it requires no
Mormon siiectacles to foresee that hmlt here, and some manufactures
The
boots, and shoes.
within a very few years there will of leather,
Population,
quite small.
be a continuous village from the town is
Ipswich in
Kennebec dam to the mouth of the 1837, 827. Taken from
It lies 8 miles N. by E. from
1793.
Cobbessecontee. Population, IS20,
The present Salem.
1830, 3,964.
2,919
population is about 5,009.
Haniptieii, Me.
Hallowell was, for many years,
Penobscot co. Hampden lies on
the residence of Be^tjamin Vaugthe west side of Penobscot, below
HAN, LL. D. a gentleman highly
It is also
Bangor.
distinguished for his learning, pub- and adjoining
rivvirtues. watered by the Sowadabscook
lic benefactions and private
large and valuable mill stream.
er, a
Hall's stream, ?I. II.,
This is an important township in its
on the Penobscot, its
Rises in the highland? which sep- commerce
manufacture of lumber, and its agthat state from the British doarate
It is one
productions.
minions, and forms the N. W. boun- ricultural
most tlourishing towns on the
dary between New Hampshire and of the
quantity of wheat proLower Canada, from its source to river. The
duced by the farmers, in 1837, was
at
its junction with the Connecticut
Population, 1830,
5,664 bushels.
Stewartstown.
is
;
I
j
I
2,020
Haniileii, Ct.
New Haven co. This
New Haven
taken from
from which
It is
town was
in 1786,
about 6 miles N.
between the East and
it lies
situated
West Rock ranges of mountains,
the southern terminus of the Green
The soil in many
mouiiiain range.
parts is easy of cultivation, but in
general it is more adapted to grazr>Iinerals are
ing than tillage.
found here, among wiiich are specimens of very pure copper. Mill
liver affords
numerous
ter works.
15
;
1837, 2,520.
6'niiles S.
sites for
wa-
Hampden
from Bangor, and 62 E.
N. E. from Augusta.
Hampden County, Mass.
Springfield is the chief town.
This county is very fertile and well
cultivated, and in common with all
the counties on Connecticut river,
presents a rich array of delightful
Its rivers afford an abunscenery.
dant water power; and this county
has become noted for its various and
Much
exten'^ive manufactures.
inland trade is brought to the banks
of the Connecticut,and large exports
it
�NEW ENGLAND
are made from tliis county, the product both of the soil and mechanical labor.
This county was taken
from Hampshire county in 1812.
Population, 1820, 28,021 1830, .31,6 10 18-37, 33,627. Area, 585 square
miles.
Bounded S. by Tolland and
Hartford counties, Connecticut W.
;
;
;
by Berkshire county
;
N. by Hamp-
GAZETTEER.
the
er,
Merrimack through Spiggot rivwhich flows from Wash pond,
near the centre of the town. Anglypond is in the N. E. part of the
town, the waters of which pass into
Powow river. Island pond, in the
S. W, part of the town, contains a
valuable farm of 300 acres.
The
town was granted by Gov. Benning
shire county, and E. by Worcester
county
57 inhabitants to a square
mile.
The Connecticut, Westlield,
named by him
19, 1749, and
after a pleasant vil-
lage live miles
N.
Chickopee, and Quinebaugh are
land.
:
its
chief rivers.
The value
of the manufactures
county, the year ending
April 1,1837, v/as $3,056,302. The
value of wool, the product of 29,950
sheep, was f 44,786.
of
Wentworth, January
of London,
Eng-
He
reserved the island before mentioned for his own farm.
Population in 1830, 913.
this
Mampsliire Comity, Mass.
Mamptoii,
See "
Down
Ble.
East."
Ilainptosi, N. H.,
Rockingham co., lies on the seathe chief town. coast, bounded N. E. by NorthThis ancient county, although its Hampton, S, E. by the Atlantic, S.
limits have been greatly reduced by W. by Hampton Falls,
N, W. by
the production of Franklin and Hampton Falls and part of Exeter
Hampden counties, is still increas- Distant 13 miles S. W. from Portsing in agricultural, commercial and mouth, 7 S. E. from Exeter, and 50
manufacturing strength.
Located S. E. from Concord. The soil is
In the centre of the alluvial basin well adapted to tillage and
mowing,
of the noble Connecticut; blessed and about one fifth of the territory
with a rich and variegated soil, and is a salt marsh. Hampton is pleasgreat water power, this must ever antly situated ; many eminences in
remain one of the most independ- the town affording romantic views
ent counties in New England.
of the ocean. Isles of Shoals, and
Area, 532 square miles. Popula- sea-coast from Cape Ann to Portstion, 1820, 26,447; 1830,30,210; mouth.
Its beaches have long been
1837, 30,413.
Incorporated, 1662. the resort of invalids and parties of
This county is bounded S. by Hamp- pleasure, and are little inferior to the
den, W. by Berkshire, N. by Franlt- famous Nahant beach near Boston.
lin, and E. by Worcester counties
Boar's Head is an abrupt emi57 inhabitants to a square mile. nence extending into the sea, and diThe Connecticut, Westlield, and viding the beaches about halfway
Swift, are its chief rivers.
The between the rivei-'s mouth and the
manufactures of this county, the N. E. corner of the town. On the
year ending April 1, 1837, amount- N. beach are numerous tish-houses,
ed to $2,335,052.
The value of from which the winter and summer
wool, the fleeces of 64,274 sheep, fisheries have been carried on with
amounted to f 103,751.
much success. Great quantities of
the winter fish are carried frozen
Hampstead, N. H.,
into the interior, and to Vermont
Rockingham co., lies partly on and Canada.
the height of land between MerriThe Indian name of this town
mack and Piscataqua rivers. Most was Winnicumet ; it was first setof the waters descend S W. into tled in 1638, by emigrants from
the
JVorthampton
is
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The islands of great beauty, some of
county of Norfolk, England.
which are large, fertile and well
first house was erected in 1635, by
Nicholas Easton, and was called the cultivated
it comprises also nuBound-house.
The town was in- merous bays, and a vast number of
corporated in 1636, and then inclu- coves, inlets and spacious harbors.
Perhaps there is no district of its
ded within its limits what now constitutes the towns of North Hamp- extent on the American coast, that
ton, Hampton Falls, Kensington and offers greater facilities for navigation, in all its various branches, than
Scab rook.
This town was formerly the scene the county of Hancock. The tonof Indian depredations. On the 17th nage of Frenchman's bay, in this
;
county, in 1837, was 13,184 tons.
soil of the county is generally
"whom was a widow Mussey, cele- of an excellent quality, particularly
brated as a preacher among the in the interior. There are a great
number of ponds in the county evFriends.
The Hon. Chuistopher Top- ery section of it is watered by mill
pan died here in Feb., 1819, aged streams, and Union river, nearly
84 he was a very useful and dis- in its centre, affords the interior
tinguished citizen.
Population in part great facilities for transportation.
This county contains an area
1830, 1,103.
of about 1,850 square miles.
PopHampton, Ct.
ulation, 1830, 24,347; 1837, 28,120.
Windham co. This town was Population to a square mile, 15.
taken from Windham and Pomfret This county produced, in 1837, 21,The people are generally 446 bushels of wheat, and containin 1786.
agriculturalists, with a good strong ed 38,870 sheep.
soil of an uneven surface.
The
Hancock, Me.
village is pleasantly situated on high
ground, 33 miles E. from Hartford
Hancock co. This town was takand 6 from Brooklyn.
Hampton en from Sullivan and Trenton in
has good mill seats on a branch of 1828. It is situated between those
Shetucket river. Population, 1830, towns, and is nearly surrounded by
1,101.
the head waters of Frenchman's
bay.
It is a place of some navigaHampton. Falls, N. II.,
tion ; 85 miles E. from Augusta,
Rockingham co., is situated 45 and bounded easterly by Ellsworth.
miles S. E. from Concord, and 16 Population, 1837, 653.
S, W. from Portsmouth.
The soil
Hancock, Hi. H.
is generally good.
Hampton Falls
was originally a part of Hampton,
Hillsborough co.
It is 35 miles
from which it was separated and from Concord, 22 from Amherst,
incorporated, in 1712.
Population, and 19 from Keene.
The W. part
1830, 582.
of the town is mountainous, but affords excellent pasturing and many
Hancock County, Me.
good farms. The other parts of the
Ellsworth is the chief town. This town are agreeably diversified with
county is bounded N. by Penobscot plains, hills and valleys.
On the
cnunty, E. by Washington county, Contoocook, and some of its tribS. by the Atlantic ocean, and W. utary streams, there are several
by Penobscot bay and river, and a tracts of excellent intervale. There
part by Penobscot county.
Its exare two considerable ponds, one of
tent on the ocean is between 50 and which is in the centre, a few rods
60 miles: it comprises numerous N. of the meeting-house.
There
Aug.
1703, a party of Indians
kill-
ed 5 persons in Hampton, among
The
:
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
a cotton factory, a paper mill, and
several other manufacturing establishments here ; also a flourishingacademy. Hancock was incorporated Nov. 5, 1779.
It was named
after Gov. Hancock, of Boston, who
was one of the original proprietors.
The first settlement was begun in
1764.
Population, 1830, 1,316.
is
ship,
which
highly improved by
and cuTheir village is about
is
this industrious, hospitable,
rious people.
two miles southeast of the springs.
The Springs
are on the side of a
and are so abundant as to supply a small water power. The waters are tasteless, pure as crystal,
and appear to differ in no respect
from other pure mountain waters,
Haucoclc, Vt.
except in temperature, which is
Addison co.
Several branches always at 72° of Fahrenheit.
of Otter creek rise in this town.
This is a great resort for visitors
Hancock is wholly on the moun- from all directions
some to enjoy
tains, and most of the land fit only the romantic scenery with which
for grazing.
First settled, 1778. this region abounds, and others the
Population, 1830, 472.
benign influence of the waters. The
It lies 30
miles S. W. from Montpelier, and public resorts are well located, and
15 S. E. from Middlebury.
afford excellent accommodations.
New Lebanon is 134 miles W. from
Hancock, Mass*
Boston, 24 E. from Albany, 25 N.
Berkshire co.
This is a moun- E. from Hudson, 7 W. from Pittstainous township, on the line of the field, 23 S. by W. from Williamsstate of New York, the source of town, 156 N. by E. from New
the Housatonick, and the residence York, and 68 N. W. by W. from
of a family of " Shakers."
It lies
Hartford. Ct.
129 miles W. from Boston, 15 N.
Hanover, ]V. H.
by W. from Lenox, and 5 E. from
New Lebanon, New York. IncorGrafton co.
The Connecticut
porated, 1776.
Population, 1S37, river separates it fiom Norwich,
975.
Vermont.
It is 53 miles N. W.
There are one cotton and three from Concord, and 102 from Portswoolen mills in the town, and some mouth.
In this town there is no
manufactures of leather, boots, river nor any considerable stream
shoes, iron castings, and wooden besides the Connecticut.
Mink
ware.
The value of 5,445 fleeces brook, running in aS. W. direction.
of wool, sheared in 1837, amounted Slate brook in a W. course, and
Goose-Pond brook in the N. E. part
to $11,544.
of the town, are among the princiAs we are so near the lovely val- pal streams. Neither of them is
hill,
:
New
Lebanon, its tepid
ley of
springs, and a large family of our
friends, the Shakers, we must be
permitted to cross the line a moment, "just to take a look."
JVew Lebanon,
New
York,
is
in
the county of Columbia, and situated in a delightful valley, surrounded by cultivated hills, which
present scenery greatly variegated
and peculiarly pleasing.
community of Shakers, of between 500 and 600, own about 3,000
acres of excellent land in this town-
A
—
large enough for permanent mill
privileges. There are several small
islands in Connecticut river within
the limits of Hanover, the largest
of which is Parker's island, containing about 20 acres. There are no
natural
Hanover
with
hills
ponds.
The
surface
of
agreeably diversified
and valleys, and the greatis
est part is suitable for farms.
There
but a small proportion of waste
land; less, perhaps, than in any other
It is estown in Grafton county.
timated that ntarly one half is un-
is
'
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
der improvement.
Moose moun-
a considerable elevation, extending across the town from N.
to S., at the distance of about five
tain
is
tacks,
180 feet above the level of its waVegetable substances are
ters.
found in different parts of this plain
at a depth of from 50 to 80 feet.
The principal houses are erected
round a square, level area, of 12
The remainder stand on
acres.
different streets, leading from the
green in all directions.
In this pleasant village
is
may be mentioned
the following
Rev.
D.,
Eleazar Wheelock, D.
who
died April 24, 1779, aged
69.
Hon. John Wheelock, LL. D.,
president of the college 35 years,
who died April 4, 1817, aged 63.
Hon. Bezaleel.
boots,
shoes,
and
annual amount,
Pop. 1837, 1,435.
total
Hanson, Mass.
Plymouth co. This town is waby a branch of North river
and several ponds. It was taken
from Pembroke in 1820, and lies in
tered
the vicinity of large beds of excel-
The manufactures
lent iron ore.
of Hanson consist of ship anchors
and knees, nails, carriage springs,
iron castings, leather, shoes, sawed
total annual
boxes and shingles
amount, about $70,000. Population,
It lies 24 miles S. S.
1837, 1,058.
E. from Boston, and 15 N. N. W.
from Plymouth.
:
Hard^viclc, Vt.
located
Dartmouth College.
See Register.
Among the worthy men who
have finished their earthly career
in this place,
:
about $75,000.
A
miles from Connecticut river.
handsome bridge connects the S.
W, part of the town with Norwich.
The principal village is in the S.
W. corner of the town, on a beautiful and extensive plain, half a
mile from Connecticut river, and
leather,
woolen cloth
Woodward,
Caledonia co. Hardwick is finely watered by Lamoille river, which
gives the town valuable mill sites,
and v/hich are well improved for
manufacturing purposes. The soil
of the town is generally very good,
and produces a variety of exports.
Between six and seven thousand
sheep, and many other cattle, are
kept in the town, a large amount
of which are annually fattened and
sent to market.
Among
the
first
settlers of the
town, in 1790, was Mr. Gideon SaAug. 1804.
Rev. John" Smith, D. D., who bin, whose wife became the mother
who
died
died April, 1809.
Hon. John
Hubbard, who died
in Sept. 1810.
Francis Brown, D. D.,
died July 27, 1820, aged 36.
These gentlemen were all connectPopulation,
ed with the college.
Rev.
who
1830, 2,361.
Hauover, Mass.
Plymouth co. Hanover is bounded S. by North river, which furIt was innishes good mill sites.
corporated in 1727. It lies 23 miles
S. E. from Boston, and 12 N. AV.
from Plymouth. The manufactures
of Hanover consist of bar iron, iron
castings, anchors, ploughs, vessels,
15*
Population, 1830,
of 26 children.
Hardwick lies 20 miles N.
1,216.
N. E. from Montpelier, and 13 N.
W.
from Danville.
Hard^vick, Mass.
Worcester co. Ware river and a
smaller stream pass through the
S. part of this town, and furnish
It lies 62
good mill privileges.
miles W. from Boston and 22 W. by
N. from Worcester. Incorporated,
Population, 1837, 1,818.—
1738.
There are 2 paper mills in the town,
and manufactures of straw bonnets,
palm-leaf hats, boots,shoes, ploughs,
leather, chairs and cabinet ware
annual amount about $ 50,000.
:
�NEW ENGLAND
Hardwick
good
soil,
is
town, of
a pleasant
with
a tine fish
pond.
Harmony, Me.
Somerset co.
This town has an
excellent soil, and is well watered by
a large and beautiful pond, and b3'
other sources of Sebasticook river.
In iS37 it had a population of 1,048,
and produced 6,836 bushels of
wheat.
It
was incorporated in
1803, and lies 53 miles N. by E.
from Augusta, and 23 N. E. from
Norridgewock.
IlarpsTvell,
Me.
Cumberland co. This township
comprises a promontory in Casco
bay, formerly Jllerryconeag, and
several islands surrounding it, the
largest of wiiich is called Sebascodcgaji.
The waters which enclose
this
territory are so situated, at the
northern and eastern extremity of
Casco bay, that a canal of about a
mile in length would unite them
with Kennebec river, near Bath.
The
of Harpswell is very ferand the location delightful in
susnmer. It is a resort for invalids
and parties of pleasure. The peosoil
GAZETTEER.
Long pond are its
western boundary. Tbis is a good
township of land, and produced, in
1837, 3,180 bushels of wheat.
In
the waters of
corporated, 1805. Population, 1837,
Harrison has Otisiield on
1,161.
the E., and is 75 miles W. S. W.
from Augusta, and 45 N.
W.
from
Portland.
Hartford, Me.
Oxford
CO.
This excellent town-
ship is watered by ponds and small
streams, and produced, in 1837, 9,318 bushels of wheat. It lies 31
miles W. from Augusta, and 15 N.
E. from Paris.
Population, 1830,
Incorporated, 17.98.
1,453.
Hartford, Vt.
Windsor co. This town is on the
west side of the Connecticut, and is
otherwise finely watered by White
and Waterqueechy rivers. It lies
42 miles S. S. E. from Montpelier,
and 14 N. from Windsor. First settled, 1764. Population, 1830, 2,044.
The
town is uneven,
warm, and very
The two principal vil-
surface of the
tile,
but the
engaged in farming and fishing.
It lies 22 miles
N. E. from Portland by water, and
4 miles S. E. from Brunswick. Incorporated, 1753. Population, 1837,
productive.
lages are pleasantly located on the
banks of the rivers that meet the
Connecticut at this place, both of
which are flourishing in manufactures and trade. Many cattle, beside
pork, butter, cheese, &c., are sent
to market from Hartford.
In 1837
it had 13,207 sheep.
ple are principally
1,344.
Harrington, Me.
Washington co.
This town is
bounded on the S. and E. by the
waters of Narraguagus bay, and W.
by the river of that name. It has
good mill privileges, excellent harbors, considerable navigation and
trade,
incorporated, 1797.
Popu1837, 1,354.—
Harrington lies 118 miles E. from
Augusta, and 25 W. S. W. from
Machias.
lation, 1830, 1,118;
Harrison, Me.
Cumberland
co.
Crooked river
passes the E. side of this town, and
soil is rich,
Hartford Connty,
Ct.
Hartford is the chief town. This
county is bounded N. by Hampden
count j^ Mass., E. by Tolland county, S. by the counties of Middlesex
and New Haven, and W. by the
county of Litchfield. This is considered the most important and valuable county in the state, in regard to the variety and richness of
its soil, and the high state of culture it has attained.
It was constituted in 16G6, since which, Tolland county and parts of Middlesex, Windham, Litchfield, and New
�NEAV
ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Its
London have been detached.
present limits compiise an area of
Besides
about 727 square miles.
the Connecticut, which traverses
its whole length, the Farmington,
Hackanum, Podunk, Scaniic, and
otlier streams, water the county in
On these
almost every direction.
streams important manufacturingestablishments have sprung up, and
unite with the agricultural interest
and river trade in rendering tiiis
county the centre of a large and
flourishing business. In 1S37 there
were in the county 29,o7(> sheep.
Population, 1820, 47,261 ;
1830,
51,141: 70 inhabitants to a square
.^ile.
Hartford, Ct.
Tht
first
English settlement in
was commenced in 1635,
by Mr. John Steel and his associates
from Newtown, (now Cainbridge)in
Massachusetts. The main body of
the first settlers, with Mr. Hooker
Hartfori}
at their head, did not arrive
till
had no guide but their compass,
and made their way over mountains,
through swamps, thickets and rivers, vvhich were not passable but
with great difficulty. They had no
cover but the heavens, nor any
lodgings but those that simple naThey droA^e
ture afforded them.
with tliem a hundred and sixty head
of cattle, and by the way s'.ibsisted
Mrs.
on the milk of their cows.
Hooker was borne through the wilThe people
derness upon a litter.
carried their packs, arms, and some
utensils. They were nearly a fortnight on their journe^^
This adventure was the more remarkable,
many
of the
company were
A
Samuel Stone and William Goodwin, who appear to have acted in
behalf of the
first settlers.
The town
N.
of Hartford is bounded
by Windsor and Bloomfield, E.
by Connecticut river, S. by Wethersfield, and W, by Farmington and
Avon.
It is about six miles in
length from north to south, and aveThe
rages about five in breadth.
western part of the town has a soil
of red gravelly earth, very rich and
That part near the
productive.
river is covered with a strong clay,
The latter
or a rich black mould.
is principally in the valuable tract
of meadow adjacent to Connecticut
river.
the
following year.
"About the beginning of June,
(says Dr. Trumbull,) Mr. Hooker,
Mr. Stone, and about one hundred
men, women and children, took
their departure from Cambridge,
and traveled more than a hundred
miles, through a hideous and trackThey
less wilderness, to Hartford.
as
sons of figure, who had lived in
England, in honor, atHuence and
delicacy, and were entire strangers
to fatigue and danger."
The Indian name of Hartford was
Suckiag.
deed appears to have
been given by Sunckquasson, the
sacJiem of the place, about 1636, to
per-
Hartford City,
incorporated
over a mile in length
upon the river, and about three
The
fourths of a mile in bi-eadth.
in 17S4,
is
alluvial flat
upon the river
is
nar-
row, being from 40 to 100 rods, and
is connected with the upland by a
very gradual elevation. It is situated on the west side of Connecticut river, 45 miles from its mouth.
It is in N. lat. 41° 45' 59'', ^Y.
Ion. 72° 40'.
It is 260 miles S.
W. from Augusta, Maine ; 139 S.
S. W. from Concord, New Hampshire ; 205 S. from Montpelier, Vermont; 97 W. S. W. from Boston,
Massachusetts ; 64 W. from Providence, Rhode Island; 110 N. E.
from the city of New York, and
335 E. from Washington.
The
legislature of the state as-
sembles alternatel}^ at Hartford and
New Haven, the odd years at Hartford.
The
city
is
ratlier irregular-
ly laid out, and is divided at the S.
part by Mill, or Little river. Across
this
stream a fine bridge of free-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
stone has been thrown, which connects the two parts of the city.
This structure is 100 feet wide,
supported by a single arch, 7 feet
in thickness at the base, and 3 feet
3 inches at the centre, the chord or
span of which is 104 feet; elevavation from the bed of the river to
the top of the arch, 30 feet 9 inches.
Another bridge, across Connecticut river, 1,000 feet long, and
which cost over $100,000, unites the
city with East Hartford.
Hartford
very advantageously situated for
business, is surrounded by an extensive and wealthy district, and
communicates with the towns and
villages on the Connecticut above
by small steam-boats, two of which,
for passengers, ply daily between
Hartford and Springfield. The remainder are employed in towing flat
bottomed boats, of 15 to 30 tons
is
burthen, as far as Wells' river, 220
miles above the city.
The coasting trade is very considerable, and
there
on.
is
some foreign trade carried
A daily line of steam-boats pass
between Hartford and
The manufactures
New
York.
of this city ex-
ceed $900,000 per annum among
these are various manufactures of
tin, copper, and sheet iron
block
tin and pewter ware ; printing presses and ink ; a manufactory of iron
machinery ; iron foundries, saddlery, carriages, joiners' tools, paperhangings, looking-glasses, umbrellas, stone ware, a brewery, a web
manufactory,
cabinet furniture,
boots and shoes, hats, clothing for
exportation, soap and candles, manufactories of machine and other
wire cards, operated by dogs, &c.
More than twice as many books, it
is stated, are published here, annu;
;
are manufactured in any
other place of equal population in
ally, as
the United States.
The city is well built, and contains many elegant public and private edifices. The state-house, in
which are the public offices of the
state, is surmounted by a cupola.
and
is
a
very handsome and spa-
cious building.
The
city hall, built
purposes, is also spacious
and elegant ; it has two fronts, with
supported each by six
porticos,
for
city
—
massive columns. The American
Asylum for the deaf and dumb, the
Retreat for the insane, and WashCollege, are all beautifully
located, in the immediate vicinity
The population withof the city.
in the city limits, in September,
1S35, was nine thousand and eight
ington
hundred.
" The American Asylum
for the
education and instruction of deaf
and dumb persons, was founded by
an association of gentlemen in HartTheir attenford, Conn., in 1S15.
tion was called to this important
charity by a case of deafness in the
family of one of their number.
An interesting child of the late Dr.
Cogswell, who had lost her hearing
at the age of two years, and her
speech soon after, was, under Providence, the cause of its establishment.
Her father, ever ready to
sympathize with the afflicted, and
prompt to relieve human suffering,
embraced in his plans for the education of his own daughter, all who
might be similarly unfortunate.
The co-operation of the benevolent
was easily secured, and measures
were taken to obtain from Europe
a knowledge of the difficult art,
unknown in this country, of teach-
ing written language through the
mediixm of signs, to the deaf and
dumb. For this purpose, the Rev.
Thomas H. Gallaudet visited England and Scotland, and applied at
the institutions in those countries
system but
meeting with unexpected ditficulties, he repaired to France, and obtained, at the Royal Institution at
Paris, those qualifications for an
instructor of the deaf and dumb,
which a selfish and mistaken policy had refused him in Great I3ritain. Accompanied by Mr. Laurent
for instruction in their
;
�NEW ENGLAND
Clerc, himself deaf and dumb, and
years a successful teacher under the Abbe Sicard, Mr. Gallaudet returned to this country in
August, 181f). The Asylum had,
in May preceding, been incorporaSome
ted by the state legislature.
months were spent bj' Messrs. Gallaudet and Clerc in obtaining funds
for the benefit ot the institution,
and in the spring of 1S17 the Asylum was opened for the reception of
those for whom it was designed, and
the course of instruction commenced
for several
with seven pupils.
" As the knowledge of the
in-
extended, and the facilities for obtaining its
advantages
were multiplied, the number of pupils increased from seven to one
hundred and forty, which for several years past has not been much
above the average number; and
since its con)meucement, in lS17,to
1837, instiuctioH has been imparted
to four hundred and seventy-seven
deaf and dumb persons.
" In 1819, Congress granted the institution a township of land in Alabama, the proceeds of which have
stitution
been invested
as a permanent fund.
principal building was erected
in 1820, and the pupils removed to
it in the spring of the following
year.
It is one hundred and thirty
feet long, fifty feet wide, and, including the basement, four stories
The
Other buildings have been
subsequently erected, as the in-
high.
creasing number of pupils made it
necessary; the principal of which
is a dining hall and workshops for
Attached to the
the male pupils.
institution are eight or ten acres of
land, which afford ample room for
exercise, and the cultivation of vegetables and fruits for the pupils.
" The system of instruction adopted at this institution is substantially
the same as that of the French
school at Paris.
It has, however,
been materially improved and modified
by Mr. Gallaudet and his asThis system, and indeed
sociates.
GAZETTEER.
other rational system of
teaching the deaf and dumb, is based upon the natural language of
every
signs.
By this we mean those gestures which a deaf and dumb person will naturally use to express his
ideas, and to
make known
his
wants
Tiiese
previous to instruction.
gestures and signs are rather />/cforial, that is, an exact outline of the
object, delineated by the hands in
the air; or descriptive, giving an
idea of an object by presenting
some of its prominent and striking
features ; or conventional, such as
may have been agreed upon by a
deaf and dumb person and his associates.
As there are very few
objects which can be expressed
with sufficient clearness by the delineation of its outline alone, a descriptive sign is usually connected
with it.
Thus, in making a sign
for a book, the outline is first delineated by the fore finger of both
hands. To this is added the descriptive signs of opening a book, placing it before the eyes, and moving
It may
the lips as in reading.
therefore simplify the classification
of natural signs if the first two divisions be united
and it will be
sufficiently accurate to say that all
the signs used by the deaf and dumb
are either descriptive or conventional.
By far the greater part of
these signs belong to the former
class; as it includes the signs for
;
most
common
A
objects, actions
and
emotions.
deaf and dumb child
constructs his language upon the
same principle as the child who can
hear ; that of imitation.
" In the school-room, the instructor makes use of natural signs to
communicate ideas to his pupils, of
systematic signs to enable them to
translate their own into written language ; of the tnanual alphabet^
or signs of the hand, corresponding
to the letters of the alphabet ; and
of v^ritten symbols to express the
grammatical lelations of words.
" The pupils usually remain at
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the
Asylum
four or five years, in
which time an intelligent child will
acquire aknowiedgeof the common
operations of arithmetic, of geography, grammar, history, biography,
and of written language, so as to
enable him to understand the Scriptures, and books written in a familiar style. He will of course be able
to converse with others by writing,
and to manage his own affairs as a
farmer or mechanic.
There are
workshops connected with the institution, in which the boys have
the opportunity of learning a trade,
and many of them, by devoting four
hours each day to this objeci.. be-
" This site was selected as one
pre-eminently calculated to attract
and engage the attention, and soothe
and appease the morbid fancies and
feelings of the
ulties are not
patient Vvhose fac-
sunk below or raised
above the sphere of relations that
And if he is
originally existed.
not beyond the reach of genial sen-
connected with external
he will undoubtedly feel the
conscious evidence that this situa
tion most happily unites the tranquilizing influence of seclusion and
retirement, wiih the cheering eftect
of an animated picture of active
life, continually passing in review
come skillful workmen, and when before his eyes, while himself is
they leave the Asylum find no dif- remote, and secure from the annoyficulty in supporting themselves. ance of its bustle and noise.
" The edifice for the accommodaThe annual charge to each pupil is
one hundred dollars.
tion of the patients, and ihose who
'* The department
of instruction have the care of them, is constructis under the control of the principal
ed of unhewn free-stone, covered
of the institution, who has also a with a smooth, whrte, water-proof
general oversight of the other de- cement.
Its style of architecture
partments. The pupils ars distrib- is perfectly plain and simple, and
uted into eight or nine classes^ the interesLs only by its symmetrical
immediate care m wnich is com- beaut}', and perhaps by the idea ii
mitted to the same number of as- impresses of durability and strength,
sistant instructotv.
Wiien out of derived from the massy solidity of
school, the pu ils are under tne care its materials.
Yet notv/ithstanding
of a steward and matron.'*
these, its general aspect is remarkably airy and cheerful, from the
Retreat for the Insane. " This amplitude of its lights, and the brilinstitution is situated on a command- liant whiteness of its exterior. The
ing eminence> at the distance of a whole building is divided into commile and a quarter, in a southwest- modious and spacious apartments,
erly direction, from the State House
in Hartford.
It was opened April
The elevation overlooks
1, 1824.
an ample range of fertile country,
presenting on every side a most interesting landscape, adou^ed with
every beauty of rural scenery,
that can be found in rich and cultivated fields, and meadows of unrivalled verdure 5 in extensive groves
and picturesque groups of forest,
fruit and ornamental trees ; and
above all, in the charming diversity of level, sloping and undulating
surfaces, terminating by distant
hills, and more distant mountains.
sations,
objects,
adapted to various descriptions of
cases, according to their sex, nature
and disease, habits of life, and the
wishes of their friends. The male
and female apartments are entirely separated, and either sex is completely secluded from the view of
the other.
Rooms are provided in
both male and female apartments
for the accommodation of the sick,
where they are removed from any
annoyance, and can continually receive the kind attentions of their
immediate relations an'' friends.
Attached to the building are about
seventeen acres of excellent land.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
" Sir Edmund Andros being appointed the first governor-general
Bosover New England, arrived in
From this place
ion in Dec. 16S6.
he wrote to the colony of Connectiwithcut to resign their charter, but
met
out success. " ' The assembly
October, and the govLs usual, in
ernment continued according to
month.
charter, until the last of the
is laid
the principal part of which
walks, ornamental grounds
out in
each
and extensive gardens. With
wing and block of the building is
connected a court-yard, encompassed by high fences, and handsomely
the benlaid out,''designed to afford
and fresh
efit of exercise, pastime
safely be
air, to those who cannot^^
range abroad."
allowed to
The mode of treatment at this
adopted
institution is similar to that
Charlesat the McLean Asylum,
with
this time. Sir Edmund,
sixty reguhis suite and more than
Harttord when
lar troops, came to
About
and dethe assembly were sitting,
manded the charter, and declared
town, Mass.
« Washington College. This inIt
stitution was founded in 1826
has two edifices of free stone one
sto143 feet long by 43 wide, and 4
the
hi"-h, containing 48 rooms;
ries
stories
other 87 feet by 55, and 3
;
librahigh, containing the chapel,
mincralogical cabinet, philoryt
and
sophical chamber, laboratory
See Register.
rooms.
recitation
be
dis-
The assembly were
ex-
the o-overnment under
solved.
it
to
retremely reluctant and slow with
surrender
spect to any resolve -o
to any
the charter, or with respect
The trait forth.
motion to bring
Treat strongis, that governor
dition
expense
ly represented the great
in
and hardships of the colonists
planting the
and treasure
country;
the blood
which they had ex-
it, both against
This tree pended in defending
Charter Oalc.
savages and foreigners to what
the
stands on the beautiful elevation
exhardships he himself haa been
which rises above the south meadthat it
posed for that purpose anu
ows, a few rods north of the ancient
now to
The was like giving up his life,
seat of the Wyllys family.
privileges
and surrender the patent and
tree is still in a vigorous state,
so long enjoycentury. so dearly bought and
Tlie
:
;
may
fiourisli
for
another
"That venerable
tree,
which
concealed the charter of our rights,"
ylsays a daughter of Secretary ^\
Wyllys
lys, "stands at the foot of
The first inhabitant of that
hill.
name found it standing in the height
The important affair was deed
until the
bated and kept in suspense
when the charter was
evening,
table
brought and laid upon the
where the assembly were sitting.
By this time great numbers of peomen suthhave ple were assembled, and
bold to enterprise whatever
ciently
Age seems to
of its glory.
not
curtailed its branches, yet it is
exceeded in the height of its colorThe
ing, or richness of its foliage.
measures twenty one feet in
trunk
circumference, and near seven
was
diameter. The cavity, which
near
the asylum of our charter, was
to adthe roots, and large enough
of
mit a child. Within the space
closed,
eight years, that cavity has
m
as^if
it
had
fulfilled the divine pur-
pose for which
The
is
it
had been reared."
story of the " Charter
thus told by Mr. Barber.
Oak"
might be necessary or expedient.
The
lights
were
instantly
extin-
guished, and one Capt. V/adsworth,
and
of Hartford, in the most silent
manner, carried off the charsecret
large holter, and secreted it in a
Hon.
low tree, fronting the house of
Wyllys, then one of the
Samuel
Ihe
magistrates of the colony.
peaceable and
all appeared
people
The candles were offiorderly.
patent
ciously re-lighted, but the
and no discovery could
was gone,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
be made of it, or the persons
canied it away.' "
who
bushels of wheat in 1837, some
wool and other valuable commodities,
it was incorporated in 1820.
Population, 1837, 890.
It lies 42
miles N. by E. from Augusta, and
18 N. E. from Norridgewock.
West Hartford, or, as it was
formerly called, West Division, is
a fine tract of land. The inhabitants are mostly substantial farmers,
Hartland, Vt.
and the general appearance of the
place denotes an unusual share of
Windsor co. Timothy Lull was
equalized wealth and prosperity. the father of this flourishing reThe venerable Nathan Per- public.
He took his family from
kins, D. D., still continues his la- Dunimerston, up Connecticut river
bors in the ministry in this place. about 50 miles, in a log canoe, in
In 1S33, his sixtieth anniversary 1763. He landed at the mouth of
sermon was published. In that ser- a beautiful stream, called Lull's
mon he says, " I am now the oldest Brook. His nearest neigh Ijors were
olficiating minister of the gospel in more than 20 miles distant.
He
this state, and, as far as I can learn, commenced a settlement on laull's
in the United States.
And I can- Brook, and, after acquiring a handnot learn, from the history of church- some property, died there at the
es in Connecticut, that there has age of 81.
Timothy Lull, jr., was
ever been an instance of one of its the first child born in the town.
ministers preaching for sixty years On the occasion of his birth, a miduninterruptedly to the same con- wife was drawn 23 miles on a hand
sled.
^l^gregation."
Dr. Perkins stated, as we are informed, that from the commence-
ment
of his
ministry,
that in his
church there had been one thousand deaths and one thousand baptisms that he had delivered four
thousand written sermons, and three
thousand extemporaneous ones, on
other occasions of worship that he
had attended sixty ordinations and
installations, and had preached 20
ordination sermons, twelve of which
had been published by request that
he had attended one hundred eccle-
—
—
;
siastical councils, to heal difficulties
in the churches, and that he had
fitted for college one hundred and
fifty students, and more than thirty
for the gospel ministry.
Hartland, Me.
Somerset co.
This excellent
township is watered on its eastern
boundary by one of the principal
branches of Sebasticook river. The
inhabitants are principally engaged
in agricultural pursuits, and the soil
richly rewards them for their industry.
Hartland produced 4,836
This is a rich farming town, pleasantly diversified by hills and valleys.
Hartland produces
many
cat-
ten thousand sheep graze in
its pastures.
It lies on the west
bank of Connecticut river. Waterqueechy river, at the N. part of the
town, and Lull's Brook, at the S.,
give it a water power of great value.
On these streams are neat villages and flourishing manufacturing establishments,
Hartland lies
50 miles S. S. E. from Montpelier
and 9 N. from Windsor.
Population, 1830, 2,503.
tle
:
Hai'tlaiid, Ct.
Hartford co.
This town is 22
miles N, W. from Hartford,
It lies
in a mountainous part of the state
most of the land is cold and fit only
for grazing.
branch of Farmington river passes through the
town, and forms M'hat is called
Hartland holloiv, a deep ravine,
presenting some bold and picturesque scenery. Hartland was incorporated in 1761.
First settled,
1753.
Population, 1830- 1,221.
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Harvard, Mass.
Worcester co.
This town was
taken from Stow, Groton and Lancaster, in 1732.
It is washed on
situated on high ground, abounding
with granite rocks and more fit for
grazing than
tillage.
Hatfield, Mass.
by Nashua river. It
Hampshire co. This is a weallies 30 miles N. W. from Boston,
thy agricultural township, noted
20 N. E. from Worcester, and 13
W. from Concord. Here are two for its good soil and fine beef cattle.
the
W.
side
large ponds with fine fish, and quarries of slate used for monuments.
About 200 of that industrious sect,
called shakers, reside here, and own
a considerable tract of excellent
land.
They live about 3 miles N.
E. from the centre of the town, and
supply the market with a great variety of wares, fruits, seeds, herbs,
&.C. &c., the product of their mechanical ingenuity and horticultural skill.
There are three paper mills in
Harvard, and manufactures of palmleaf hats, boots, shoes, leather and
grave stones: annual value about
Large quantities of hops
$40,000.
have been raised in this place.
Population, 1837, 1,566.
Har^vicli, Mass.,
Barnstable co., on the S. side of
Cape Cod, 14 miles E. from Barnstable.
Incorporated, 1694.
Population, 1830, 2,464; 1837,2,771.
On Herring river, the outlet of
Long pond, are cotton and other
mills.
Some vessels are built here
and some salt manufactured.
The
product of the cod and mackerel
fishery the year ending April 1,
1S37, was $33,000.
Harwich is a
the village makes
pleasant town
a good appearance from the sea.
:
Harwinton,
Ct.
Litchfield co.
Har-win-ton derived its name from three syllables
taken from the names of Hartford,
AVindsor and Farmington.
It was
first settled in 1731
incorporated,
1737.
Population, 1830,1,516.
It
lies 23 miles W. from Hartford, 40
N. by W. from
Haven, and 8
;
New
E. from Litchfield.
16
Harwinton
is
on the W. side of Connecticut river, 5 miles N. from Northampton, and 95 W. from Boston.
Incorporated, 1"')70.
Population,
The manufactures of
1837, 937.
the town consist of corn brooms,
boots, shoes, palm-leaf hats, and carriages annual value about $50,000.
There is an elm tree in Hatfield
It lies
;
which
is said to measure, two feet
from the ground, thirty four feet in
circumference.
Haverliill, N. H.,
Grafton co., is one of the shire
towns.
It lies 31 miles N. W. from
Plymouth, and 70 N. N. W. from
Concord.
It is watered by OliveHaverhill
rian and Hazen brooks.
The soil is suitis a pleasant town.
ed to every species of cultivation.
There is a quarry of granite suitable for mill stones and buildings,
and a bed of iron ore, on the W.
side of Coventry, bordering this
town.
The
principal village
is at
the S.
W.
angle of the town, and known
by the name of Haverhill Corner.
is a beautiful common in this
village, laid out in an oblong square,
There
around which the buildings regu-
The site is a handsome
larly stand.
elevation, overlooking the adjacent
many miles N. and S., and
not less than 6 or 7 miles E. and W.
From the street, the ground slopes
with unusual elegance to the W.,
country
and
is
vales.
succeeded by broad interThe prospect here is de-
There is another village
AV. angle of the town, on
a street nearly a mile in length,
straight and very level.
lightful.
at the
N.
Haverhill was granted, 1764. Its
settlement was made in 1764,
first
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
by Capt. John Hazen, who settled
on the Little Ox Bow, near where
there had formerly been an Indian
and burying ground, and where
Indian skulls and relics have
been found. Several of the early
settlers were from Newbury and
Haverhill, Mass., and from the last
place, this town derived its name.
Its former name was Lower Coos.
Hon. Moses Dow was one of the
most distinguished citizens of this
fort
many
place.
Hon.
Charles Johnston, who
died March 5, 1813, aged 76, resided here.
He was a valuable officer in the revolution, and was many years judge of probate in Grafton county.
Haverhill is so situated as to command an extensive inland trade it
is easily approached from Boston
:
by the Andover and Wilmington
rail-road, which is extending to Exeter,
N. H., and from thence
to
Maine.
Haverhill, the Indian Pentuckwas first settled in 1641 it was
a frontier settlement for nearly half
a century and suffered great calamities by savage depredations.
It was incorporated in 1645.
Population, 1820, 3,070; 1830, 3,896; 1837, 4,726.
ett,
:
Hawley, Mass.
Franklin co. Hawley is on elevated ground, and watered by
Hon. James Woodward and Hon. branches of Deerfield river. The
Ezekiel Ladd were among the early soil is good for grazing, and feeds
considersettlers, and were judges of the old about 3,000 sheep.
county court. Population, in 1S30, able quantity of leather is tanned
Incorporated, 1792.
in this town.
2,153.
Population, 1837, 995.
Hawley
Haverliill, Ma&s.
has good iron ore and some iron
Essex CO. This ancient, respect- works. It lies 107 miles W. by N.
able and flourishing manufacturing from Boston, and 14 W. by S. from
town, lies on the N. side of the Greenfield.
A
Merrimack river, at the head of
navigation, and united to Bradford by
two beautiful bridges. It is 30 miles
N. from Boston, 31 N. N. W. from
Salem, 12 W. by S. from Newburyport, 18 N. E. from Lowell, 30
S. W. from Portsmouth, N. II. and
40 S. E. from Concord, N. H. Little river passing through the town
affords a good hydraulic power, on
which are manufacturing establish-
ments of various kinds. The manufactures consist of woolen goods,
leather, boots, shoes, hats, shovels,
spades, forks, hoes, chairs, cabinet
ware, combs, ploughs,
tin
ware,
vessels, pahn-leaf hats, shoe lasts,
spirits, morocco leather, chaises and
harnesses: total amount the year
ending April 1, 1837, $1,357,526.
Haverhill is delightfully located,
handsomely built, and has been the
birth place and residence of many
of the most valuable and distinguished citizens of New England.
Haynesville, Me.
Washington county. See "
Down
East."
Heatli, Mass.
A
mountainous
Franklin co.
township good for grazing sheep, of
which 2,312 were kept in 1837.
There are
in
Heath some manufac-
tures of leather, boots, shoes and
palm-leaf hats. Incoiporated, 1785.
It lies 125
Population, 1837, 953.
miles W. N. W. from Boston, and
13 W. N. W. from Greenfield.
Hetiron, Me.
Oxford CO, This is a good farming town, lying S. E. from Paris
about 7 miles, and 42 W. S. W.
from Augusta. Incorporated, 1792.
Population, 1837, 972.
Ilelbvon, N. H.,
Grafton co.,
lies
9 miles S.
W
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Henniker was granted in 1752,
under the name of JVumber 6. Its
from Plymouth, and 40 N. W. from
A considerable part of
Concord.
Newfound
lake
lies in
part of this town.
It
the S. E.
has no river,
nor any important streams. Nearincluly one half of this town was
ded in the grant of Cocke rmouth,
now Groton. The remaining part
was taken from Plymouth. It was
Population in
incorporated, 1792.
It
settlement commenced in 1761.
was incorporated in 1768, when it
received its present name from Gov.
in honor of his friend
Henniker, probably John Henniker, Esq., a merchant in London and
Wentworth,
member of
a
at that time.
1,725.
1830, 538.
Ilenuon, Me.
Heljroii, Ct.
Tolland co. Hop river, a branch
town.
of the Willimantic, waters this
The village of Hebron, with its
Gothic church, 20 miles S. E. from
Hartford, and 14 S. from Tolland,
a good
is pleasant and commands
There
prospect.
are in the
town
2
Penobscot
ulation, 1837, 535.
Higligate, Vt.
;
The
ufactories.
is
pond in the
S.
surface
of
fertile.
handsome sheet of water. Hebron
was first settled, 1704. Incorporated, 1707. Population, 1830,1,939.
Heiiu.ik.er, N.
Franklin CO.
the
North
part of the town is a
hillv, but
H.
Merrimack co. It is 23 miles N.
TV. from Amherst, and 15 W. from
Contoocook river passes
Concord.
easterly through its centre, and divides the town into nearly equal
portions of territory and population.
Its course is rather circuitous, and
in many places presents scenes of
considerable interest and beauty.
Few places afford better prospects
of wafor the successful operation
Long pond
is
This town
lies
on
the E. side of Lake Champlain, at
Engthe N. W. corner of
It
land, and of the United States.
Montpeis 60 miles N. W. from
Albans.
lier, and 12 N. from St.
The soil
First settled, about 1784.
some parts
is generally sandy, in
New
Bog iron ore, of a good
There are
quality, is found here.
many mill privileges in Highgate,
particularly at a fall of the river
Missisque, where are iron works,
swampy.
The
and other manufactories.
scenery at this place is quite wild
and picturesque. Population, 1830,
Highgate is a place of con2,038.
siderable trade with Canada, and
down
There
ter machinery than this.
are several ponds of considerable
size.
A good township
A
co.
of land, 7 miles W. from Bangor.
large pond and the Sowadabscook
In
river water its S. W. corner.
1,870 bushel of wheat was
1837,
PopIncorporated, 1814.
raised.
cotton, 1 woolen, and 1 paper, mills
a large iron furnace and other man-
town
the British parliament
Population, in 1830,
the lake.
Hill, N.
H.
This town is 24 miles
Grafton
N. N. W. from Concord, and 44 S.
S. E. from Haverhill. It is watered
by Pemigewasset and Smith's
co.
the largest, be-
ing between 1 and 2 miles in length,
and from 40 to 80 rods wide— situated 1 mile N.of the centre village.
and several small streams.
Eagle pond is the only one of note.
Ragged mountain is a considerable
elevation, and but little inferior to
Kearsarge. Viewed from the suinhills, this
produce good mit of tlie neighboring
wheat— the valleys
appears very uneven, yet
town
rivers,
the principal elevation, and embraces a large portion
of territory on the S. of the town.
It is mostly in a state of cultivation.
The soil of the hills is favorable for
Craney
hill
is
crops of corn.
;
�NEW ENGLAND
there are many fine tracts converted
The soil in
into productive farms.
some parts is rich and fertile it is
—
GAZETTEER.
lake, the Massabesick, on the E.
boundary of Manchester. Besides
these there are numerous ponds,
There is at the S. interspersed through the whole exgenerally good.
Some of the
E, section of the town, a flourish- tent of territory.
ing village, situated on a spacious largest of these are Gregg's pond,
in Antrim, Pleasant pond, in Franstreet 1 mile in length.
This town was granted Sept. 14, cestown, Babboosuck pond, in Am1753, to 87 proprietors, who held herst, and Potanipo, in Brookline.
their first meeting at Chester, and as There are several mineral springs
the greater part of the inhabitants which have been found serviceable
belonged to that place, it was called in cutaneous affections, but no one
New Chester; which name it retain- has yet acquired general celebrity.
ed until Jan. 1837, when it was Minerals have been found in varichanged to the name of Hill, in ous places, but not in great abuncompliment to the then governor dance.
Hill.
The first settlement was in This county possesses many advan1768.
In Dec. 1820, six children of Mr.
William Follansbee were consumed in the flames of his house, while
he and his wife were absent. Incorporated, 1778. Population, 1830,
1,090.
Hillslboroiigli
County, N. H.
Amherst is the shire town. Hillsborough has Merrimack county on
the N., Rockingham on the E., the
state of Massachusetts on the S.,
and Cheshire county on the W.
The surface of this county is gensrally uneven, though there are but
Lyndebofew lofty mountains.
rough mountain, in the township of
Lyndeborough, the Unconoonock,
in Goffstown, Crotched, in Francestown and Society Land, are of considerable altitude.
This section of
New
The
Hampshire
noble and majestic Merrimack passes its southeastern border.
At Nashua, the
Nashua, a beautiful stream from
Massachusetts, discharges its waNorth of
ters into the Merrimack.
the Nashua, the Souhegan and Piscataquog,streams of much value and
consequence to the manufacturing
interests, discharge themselves into the Merrimack ; the former in
the township of Merrimack, the
Part of a large
latter in Bedford.
collection of vyater, denominated a
is
well watered.
tages for manufacturing establishments, and it is gratifying to find
that many of its citizens are turning their attention to this branch of
national and individual wealth.
The settlement of this county
was made at Nashua, lately Dunsome years before the war
with king Philip, in 1675.
It was
constituted a county by an act of
the General Assembly, 19 March,
1771.
It received its name from
stable,
the Earl of Hillsborough, one of
the privy council of George III.
The population, in 1775, was 13,132; in 1790, 24,536; in 1800, 31,260; in 1810, 34,410; in 1820,
In
35,761; and in 1830, 37,762.
1837, there were 45,511 sheep in
this county.
Hillslborougli, N.
Hillsborough co.
It is
H.
23 miles
N. W. from Amherst, 24 W. S. W.
from Concord.
This town is well
Contoocook river passes
watered.
through the S. E. corner, and affords
several excellent water privileges.
Hillsborough river has its source
from ponds in Washington runs in a
S. E. course through the whole extent of Hillsborough, receiving the
outlets of several ponds on the E.,
and forms a junction with the Contoocook, on the S. line of this town.
The land here is uneven, but it affords many good farms.
There is
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
New
2(1
a pleasant village on the
Hampshire turnpike, which passes
through this town, contain-
N. W.
number
ing a
stores, mills,
of dwelling houses,
and a cotton and wool-
en
Hillsborough was formerly known
factory.
of vessels belong to
are engaged in
the cod and mackerel fishery, and
coasting trade ;— aggregate tonnage
About 80
this place,
sail
which
about 5,000 tons.
In this town is an iron foundry,
considerable ship building, a steam
and large quantibucket factory
name "of .Vumber 7 of fronwooden wares are
The tirst settlement ties of other'
tier towns.
manufactured, and some salt.
tirst chilThe
was made in 1741.
The amount of manufactures of
born in Hillsborough were
by
;
the
dren
JNIary Gibson,
intermarried, and received as
John M'Calley and
who
prina gift a tract of land, from the
It was incorpocipal proprietor.
Population, 1830,
rated in 1772.
1,792.
Hiiiesl>urs'->
"*"*•
Chittenden co. Piatt river and
Lewis creek water this town.
part of the town is mountainous,
but the soil is generally very good,
A
About
grazing.
and
9,000 sheep are kept here,
products of the farms are exsome
Hinesbureh contains a
ported.
for
particularly
pleasant
and
village,
numerous
manufacturing operations are found
First settled about
on its streams.
It
Population, 1S30, 1,669.
1785.
Burlinglies 13 miles S. S. E. from
ton,
and 26
W.
from Montpeher.
Hiiis'^a»»> Mass.
Plymouth
co.
A
pleasant tov/n
on Boston harbor, and an agreeable
strangers.
resort for citizens and
miles S. E. from Boston,
It lies 11
by water, and 14 by
land.
Hing-
cove is 5 miles S. W. from
Nantasket beach, about 6 W. trom
W.
Cohasset harbor, and 24 N. N.
Plymouth. First settled, 1633.
from
ham
Population, in
Incorporated, 1635.
1830,3,357; 1837,3,445.
Major-general
coln, was born
Benjamin Lin-
in
this
town, Jan.
1810.
23, 1733; he died May 9,
its
This town is remarkable for
Durhealthiness and longevity.
in one
ing 50 years, 8 persons died
was 84
ho^ise, whose average age
years.
for the year ending April
1337, was $237,078. They coniron
sisted of leather, boots, shoes,
tin
castings, hats, ploughs, cabinet,
and wooden wares, silk, salt, vesblocks,
sels, umbrellas, spars and
Hino-ham,
1,
cordage, carriages, hammers, and
The product of the cod
hatchets.
and mackerel tir-hery, the same
Total amount
year, was $1 13,700.
the
of
fishery
and manufactures
$350,773.
Derby Academy,
a tree
school,
and the JVillard Private Academy,
seminaries,
are highly respectable
and promise great privileges to parents.
A commodious steam-boat phes
between this and Boston, in summer months, two or three times a
and
The hotels are large,
day.
furnish excellent accommodations.
and
Baker's Hill presents extensive
harbor.
delightful views of Boston
An
excursion
to
Hingham
is
very
pleasant.
Hiusdale, N. H.
It is 75 miles S.
Cheshire co.
It is well
from Concord.
with springs and rivulets
watered
W. by W.
The Connecwashes its western border;
and the Ashuelot runs through the
of the purest water.
ticut
the
centre, forming a junction with
a little below the great
Connecticut,
Kilcalled Cooper's point.
*end,
burn brook
Pisgah mounAshuelot
Ash-swamp brook rises |a
river.
West river mountain, runs a S. V.
Connexticourse, and tails into the
tain,
rises in
runs S. and
falls into
Hinsdale's fort
cut, near the side of
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
There are several islands in the Connecticut in thii town.
On the N.
line of Hinsdale, is West river
mountain, which extends from the
bank? of the Connecticut, E. across
the whole width of the town.
Its
greatest elevation
Pre-ident
is
D wight
at the
W.
end,
states the height
above low water mark to be from
80a to 900 feet. In this mountain is
found iron ore, and some other minerals and fossils.
South of AshueJot, is Stebbins' hill, a tract of
excellent land, and principally in a
high
state
of cultivation.
The intervales here are extensive, and
of an excellent quality.
On the
point of a bill, not far from Connecticut river, there is to be seen
the remains of an Indian fortitication, constructed prior to the settlement of the town.
There is a
deep trench drawn across the hill,
to separate it from the plain back,
an
continued to the river.
Hinsdale was incorporated
1
is
in
It
The former name
as 1633.
W.
Hiram, Me.
Oxford
CO.
This town
lies
on
both sides of a branch of Saco river, 88 miles W. S. W. from Augus-
and 40 S. W. from Paris.
The
township is fertile and productive
of wool and wheat.
Incorporated,
ta,
1807.
Population, 1830, 1,148.
Hotlgdoii, Me.
Washington
co.
Incorporated,
179 miles from Augusta. In
1837, with a population of 552, it
produced 3,iS4 bushels of wheat.
:See " Down East."
1S32
:
Holden, Mass.
Worcester
co.
This town
is
fine-
ly watered by branches of Blackstone and Nashua rivers.
It has a
valuable water power on QuinipoxIt has some good meadow land on the borders of the
streams.
There are 5 cotton and
et river.
was originally a part of
North field, ^ind was settled as early
1753.
Vv", from Boston, and 15
N. N.
from Lenox.
of this
2 woolen mills in the town, and
manufactures of leather,boots,shoes,
straw bonnets, and palm-leaf hats
p!ace was Fort Bummer and Bridg;
m'ln's Fort.
This town encoun- total amount of the manufactures
tered all the difficulties of the In- for the year
ending April 1, 1837,
dian wars, and struggled with oili- $201,960.
Holden is 43 miles W.
er hardships incident to frontier fi-om Boston, and
6 N. W. from
settlements, begun in the wilder- Worcester.
Incorporated, 1740.
ness and remote from cultivated Population, 1837,
1,789.
lands.
Population, 1830, 937.
Holdemess, N. H.
Hinsdale,
3Ia!$s.
Berkshire co.
Hinsdale is the
source of a branch of Housatonick
river.
It is an elevated township,
and well adapted for grazing.
There
are
Hinsdale,
two woolen joills in
and manufactures of
hoots, shoes, leather, hats, chairs,
and cabinet ware
one year $86,550.
:
amount
in
The value
of
total
11,020 fleeces of wool, sheared in
Hinsdale in 1837, v/eighing 32,116
pounds, was $19,266.
This town
was incorporated
tion, 1837,
832.
in 1804.
It lies
Popula125 miles
Grafton co.
It is 65 miles N. W.
from Portsmouth, and 40 N. fioni
Concord. The soil is hard and not
easily cultivated, but when sub-
dued
is tolerably productive.
From
the sap of the sugar maple, a considerable quantity of sugar is made.
The Pernigevvasset ijnparts a portion of its benefits to this place, and
there are various other streams
which serve to fertilize the soil, and
to furnish mill seats.
Squam river,
the outlet of Squam ppnds, runs in
a S. W. direction and empties into
the Pemigewasset near the S. W.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
an^le of the town. This stream
excellent mill privileges,
having on it 2 paper mills and other machinery.
There are 3 ponds
ponds.
There is a pieasant village
near the centre of the town, on a
site somewhat elevated.
The original name of Hollis was J\lsUissit, its Indian name.
The first
settlement was made in 1731.
It
was incorporated in April, 1746.
The name is either derived from
Thomas Hollis, a distinguished benefactor of Harvard college, or from
the Duke of
Castle.
Population, 1830, 1,501.
affords
or lakes.
The road from
Plymouth through
place to Winnepisiogee lake,
and along the horders of that lake
tliis
to Wolfeborough is highly interesting displaying scenery which is
scarcely equalled in this part of
our country. Holderness was first
granted in 1751. The tirst settlement was made about the year
1763.
Population, 1830, 1,429.
;
New
Holliston, Mass.
Middlesex co. First settled, 1710,
Incorporated, 1724.
Population in
1837, 1,775.
It lies 24 miles S. W.
by W. from Boston, and 21 S. from
Hollaud, Vt.
Orleans co. This is an excellent
township of land, producing in great
Concord.
There is a woolen mill
town, and some manufactures
the varieties common
to the climate.
Previous to the
year 1800, it was a wilderness. It
is bounded N. by Canada
56 miles
N. N. E. from Montpelier and 20
N. E. from Irasburgh. Population,
1830, 432.
abundance
in the
all
of boots, shoes, leather, chairs and
cabinet ware, combs, ploughs, straw
bonnets, books, clothing, wagons
:
and harnesses
total value in one
year $335,948. The value of boots
and shoes amounted to $241,626,
employing 461 hands.
Holliston
is watered by a small branch of
Charles river.
:
Holland, Mass.
Hampden co. Holland was taken from Brimfieldin 1785.
It lies
70 miles S. W. by W. from Boston,
and 20 E. by S. from Springiield.
Population, 1837, 495.
Holland
has several ponds, and
is
Holmes' Hole, Mass.
See Tishury.
Hooksett, N. H.
otherwise
Merrimack
watered by Quinnebaugh river.
There is a cotton mill in the town,
and 658 sheep.
Hollis, Me.
York CO. This town lies on the
W. bank of Saco river, and contains
numerous mill sites. Incorporated,
A
1812.
Population, 1837, 2,374.
It
72 miles S. W. from Augusta,
lies
and 30 N. from York.
Hollis, N. H.
Hillsborough co. It is 8 miles
S. from Amherst, and 86 S. from
Concord. Nashua river waters the
S. E. part, and Nisitissit crosses
the S. W. extremity.
There are 4
ponds, known by the name of
Flint's, Penichook, Long and Rocky
co.
It lies nine miles
E. from Concord.
The river
Merrimack, whose course here is
nearly N. and S., passes through
this town a little W. of the centre.
Here are those beautiful falls,known
by the name of Hooksett Falls.
The descent of water is about 16
feet perpendicular in 80 rods.
high rock divides the stream, and a
smaller rock lies between that and
the western shore.
There is a
pleasant village on the W. side of
the ri^er.
There is a strong and
well built bridge over Merrimack
river.
Hooksett canal is in this
town. It is 1-4 of a mile long rthe
fall is 16 feet perpendicular.
Hooksett was detached from Chester,
Goffstown and Dunbarton, and inS. S.
—
]
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Merrimack river at Concord.
these streams are some valuable
tracts of intervale and meadow lands
owned by the Amoskeag Company. The principal village in Hopkinton
Population, 1830, 880.
is 7 miles from the state-house in
this town the county
Hoosack Rivei* and Mountain. Concord. In
In the W. part of
jail is located.
Two branches of the Hoosack, the town is a thriving village on
Hosick, or Hoosick river, rise in the Contoocook river, known as
England
one in the high HilVs Bridge, or Contoocookville,
lands in the county of Berkshire, where is a valuable water power,
Mass. ; the other in the mountain- and several mills. Hopkinton was
ous tracts of Bennington county, granted Jan. 16, 1735, lo John Jones
These branches unite near and others, and was called jYianber
Vt.
Hoosack Falls, in the state of New 5, and afterwards JVew- Hopkinton.
York, about 3 miles W. of the cel- The first settlement was made about
ebrated Bennington battle ground. 1740, by emigrants from Hopkinton,
Hoosack river meets the Hudson Mass. This town suffered from InPopulation in
at Schagthicoke, 15 miles N. of dian depredations.
Troy, N. Y. This stream, in many 1830, 2,474.
places, is exceedingly rapid in its
Hopkinton, Mass.
course, and affords a great number
of mill sites,
Middlesex county. Branches of
Hoosack 7lioiintain lies princi- Charles and Mill rivers rise in this
pally in Clarksburgh and Berkshire, town, on which are manufacturing
Mass., and is the source of a branch establishments. There are 3 cotIts elevation is ton mills in Hopkinton, and manuof Hoosack river.
from 1,500 to 2,000 feet from its factures of boots and shoes, ($152,base.
300,) leather, ploughs, and straw
bonnets total value, the vear endHope, Me.
ing April 1, 1837, $217,550. The
Waldo CO. Hope is a township town was incorporated in 1715.
of choice land, having Camden and Population,
1830, 1,809 ;
1837,
Megunticook lake on its south-east- 2,166.
The mineral spring in this town
ern border.
It lies 44 miles E. S.
It conE. from Augusta, and 16 S. by W. has become celebrated.
from Belfast, Hope produced in tains carbonic acid, and carbonate
1837, 3,142 bushels of wheat. Pop- of lime and iron. It is situated near
Incor- White Hall pond, which abounds
ulation, same year, 1,733.
The
in fine fish of various kinds.
porated, 1804.
Boston and Worcester rail road
Kopkinton, N. H.
passes within 3 1-2 miles of it, at
Merrimack co. It is 28 miles N. Westborough, and it is 7 miles from
from Amherst, 7 W. from Concord, the Blackstone canal, at NorthIt is 30 miles W. S. W.
46 N. E. from Keene, 30 S. E. from bridge,
Newport, 50 W. fron» Portsmouth, from Boston, 14 E. by S. from Worand 65 N. N.W. from Boston. Con- cester, and 30 N. by W. from ProThere is a large and
toocook river flows from Henniker vidence, R. I.
into the south-westerly part of this convenient hotel at this place, at
town, and meanders in a N. E. di- which visitors for health or pleatrip
In its course it receiv^s sure are kindly entertained.
rection.
Warner and Blackwater rivers, and to Hopkinton springs is both pleaseveral large brooks, and empties sant and fashionable.
corporated
as a separate
town
in
June, 1822. On the E. side of tlie
river is an extensive cotton factory,
New
into
On
:
:
,
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Hopkiiiton, R.
Fred-
week.
rickton, three times a
I.
80 miles N. N. W. from
erickton
good road betweea
St. Johns.
Houlton and Calais, on the river
distant, is
•<it. Croix, about 90 miles
now open for travel. This town is
well watered by branches of Meduxnekeag river, which empties
is
Washington
Wood
co.
river, a
A
valuable mill stream, passes through
cotton and
this town, on which are
woolen mills, iron works, and varisoil
ous other manufactories. The
adaptof the town is generally well
cultivation into the St. John's.
The garrison is
*>d for grazing, and the
of grain. It produces large quanti- located about a mile north of the
cider.
village, and has generally containties of fruit and excellent
Shad and alewives are taken in ed four companies of infantry. In
Pawcatuck river. There are seve- this town the courts of probate are
Con- held, and the office of registry of
ral ponds within the town.
wood and timber are sent deeds kept for the northern district
siderable
to market from this place.
of Washington county.
Hopkinton City, at the south
The soil of Houlton and its vicinpart of the town, on the Tommaquaug branch of Charies river, is
very pleasant and flourishing. It
lies 35 miles S. W. from Provi-
dence, and 15 W. from South
Kingston. Hopkinton was first setIncorporated, 1757.
Population, 1830, 1,777.
tled in 1660.
Hoiaton, Me.
Washington
co.
Twenity is of a superior quality.
ty-five bushels of wheat to the acre
is
an average crop
is
situated on the east line of the state
and of the United States, on the
border of the Province of
New
40 bushels to
year 1837.
We have heard it is said that persons might go so far " down east"
,
"jump
jumping
as to
This town
:
acre is^frequently obtained.
Houlton, with a population of 667,
raised 5,869 bushels of wheat in the
the
the
If Houlton is
off place, we advise
off."
some of our western brethren
and view the precipice.
Ilousatoniclc River.
to
go
Brunswick. It lies 120 miles N_.
The sources of this river are in
N. E. from Bangor, and about 75
and
the the towns of Lanesborough
W. N. W. from Frederickton,
Windsor, Berkshire county, Mass.
The
capital of New Brunswick.
branches meet at Pittstown was first settled in 1803, and The two
then
cut field, where the river forms it
for twenty years it was entirely
south, through Berkshire
the passes
off from all communication with
and enters the state of Conwestern part of the state by a dense county,
necticut. After meandering through
miles in
;
wilderness of neariy 100
extent.
In 1829, a military post, the "Hancock Barracks," was established
the
county of Litchfield, in that
state,
it
separates the counties of
and Fairfield, and
meets the tide water at Derby, 14
miles above its entrance into Long
The source of this
Island Sound.
mountain stream is more than 1,000
the ocean; and in its
The great thoroughfare between feet above
150 miles, it afStates and the British course, of nearly
the United
fords numerous mill sites, and preis
Province of New Brunswick
pleasant and well culthrough th^"? town. The roads be- sents many
of waHoulton are ex- tivated towns. The volume
tween Bangor and
large
ter of this river is not very
cellent: stages pass and repass from
when
Houlton to Frede- except in seasons of freshet,
Bangor through
government, and
here by the U.
roads
in 1334 the military and state
Bangor and Houlton were
between
completed and opened for travel.
S.
New
Haven
�NEW ENGLAND
the rains from the mountains that
environ its borders, inundate the
valleys and greatly fertilize the soil.
The scenery on the Housatonick
ir
exceedingly beautiful in some
places it is enchanting. The romantic cataract at Canaan, Conn., of 60
feet perpendicular, is well worthy
;
the notice of travellers.
The Indian name of this river, signifies
over the mountains.
vocabulary of Indian names, so beautiful and
expressive, would be not only curious but valuable.
A
GAZETTEER.
on elevated ground, and the source
of several branches of
There
power
:
at
the
mouth
of the for-
are several saw mills.
The
banks of the river are low and veHowland was incorry beavitiful.
porated in 1S26.
It lies 117 miles
scot,
N. E. from Augusta, and 34 N. from
Bangor.
Population, 1830, 329;
1837, 507.
Hubbardston, Vt.
Rutland co. Elizabeth Hickok,
the daughter of Elizabeth and Uriah
Hickok, was the first white child
born in this town. This event occurred in 1774. The face of the
town
is uneven, and in some parts
mountainous. It is watered by several ponds, the largest of which,
lying partly in Sudbury, is Grego-
ry's pond, the outlet of which is
called Huhhardston river.
This
river empties into Lake Champlain
West Haven, and
stream. The
is
an excellent
village at the
northwesterly part of the town is
it conpleasant and flourishing
tains mills for the manufacture of
mill
:
various articles.
Huhhardston lies 50 miles S. W.
from Montpelier, and 10 N. W. from
Rutland. Population, 1830, 865.
Ilubbardston, Mass.
Worcester
co.
river.
wooden wares. Hubbardston lies
54 miles W. from Boston, and 22
S. from Worcester.
Hudson, N. H.
mer, about 50 rods from the Penob-
at
Ware
much unimproved water
in the town.
There are considerable tracts of valuable meadow land, and the uplands are good
It was incorporated
for grazing.
Population, 1837, 1,780.
in 1767.
The manufactures of the town consist of copperas, leather, boots, shoes,
palm-leaf hats, chairs, cabinet and
Howland, Me.
Penobscot co. This is a large
township of good land, in which the
Piscataquis and Seboois rivers form
a junction
is
Huhhardston
is
Hillsborough
co.
This town
lies
17 miles S. E. from Amherst, and
38 S. from Concord. The land here
is of easy cultivation.
On the river
are fine intervales, of a deep rich
Distant from the river, the
land is hilly and somewhat broken.
There are two ponds, known by the
name of Little Massabesick, and
soil.
Otternick ponds. This town was
included in the grant of Dunstable,
and was settled as early as 1710.
The first settlements were made on
the banks of the river, where the
Indians had cleared fields for cultivating corn. The first inhabitants
While the men
lived in garrisons.
were abroad in the fields and forests,
the women and children were lodged in these places of security.
Near the Indian cornfields have
been found cinders of a blacksmith*s
forge, which have led to the conjecture that they employed a smith
to manufacture their implements of
war and agriculture. Incorporated,
1746, by the name of NottinghamWest, which it retained until July
1, 1830, when it was changed to
Hudson. Population in 1830, 1,282.
Hull, Mass.
Plymouth co. Hull was first setIncortled about the year 1625.
Populi^tion, 1837,
porated, 1644.
This town comprises the pen180.
insula of Nantasket, which forma
the S. E. side of Boston harbor. It
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
advantageously
5 some of which is
extends N. by W. from Cohasset,
The soil is generally of
for its beau- improved.
miles, and is celebrated
and easily cultivain length, and a good quality
tiful beaeb, 4 miles
The ted. It lies 24 miles N. from Montfish and sea fowl.
for its shell
pelier, and 32 N. E. from Burlingtown lies between two hills of fine
Population, 1830, 823. First
opposite ton.
land, near point Alderton,
It lies 9 miles settled, 1787.
Boston light-house.
water, and
Indian Rivers.
E. S. E. from Boston, by
On one
via Hingham.
22 by land,
Indian river. Me., Washington
a well
of the hills in this place, is
county, is a small stream in the town
90 feet in depth, which is frequently
Capital in- of Addison.
almost full of water.
/utZmw sfrcam, N. H., Coos counsalt,
vested in the manufacture of
most northty, is the principal and
$12,500.
of Connecticut river,
for the una- erly source
Hull is remarkable
the N.
among rising in the highlands near
nimity which always prevails
the state, and pursuing aldeliberative limit^of
its inhabitants in their
most a direct S. W. course to its
assemblies, and for a spirit of comjunction with the E. branch flowpromise manifest on all occasions in
ing from lake Connecticut.
pubUc servants.
their selection of
Huntington, Vt.
First
co.
Chittenden
Ru'^Indian river, Vt., rises in
and falls into the Pawlet. AnVt.,
other stream of this name, in
into Colrises in Essex, and falls
pert,
settled,
Population, in 1830, 929.
Huntington lies 20 miles W. from
Montpelier, and 15 S. E. from BurlHuntington river passes
ington.
1786.
through this town; it is a branch
course,
of Onion river, is rapid in its
several towns an abundaffording
The soil of Hunant water povv'er.
tington is poor its surface is gen:
erally
hilly for cultivation.
Back mountain lies in the
too
Camel's
chester bay.
Indian Stream Territory.
of
Lake Connecticut and
363 acres.
several considerable ponds are
uated within this
to agricultural
purposes, to
Fairfield,
Haven.
and 12
This town borders
river, and is a
It lies 32
valuable tract of land.
is
miles N. W. from Augusta, and
bounded S. W. by Farmington.
Industry w^as incorporated in 1803:
village, and raised,
it has a pleasant
6,078 bushels of wheat,
in 1837,
Franklin
which
dethe inhabitants are principally
Huntington was incorporavoted.
It lies 4 miles W.
ted in 1789.
Derby Landing, 12 N. E. from
from
Population, 1830, 1,371.
Hyannis IlarTbor, Mass.
See Barnstable.
Vt.
County town. The
Lamoille CO.
Lamoille, Green, and other rivers
give this town a great water power,
co.
N. W. on Sandy
W. from New with
Hyde Park,
sit-
tract.
Industry, Me.
Ct.
This is a township
Fairfield co.
uneven surface, but well adapt-
ed
N
New
Hampshire
Is a tract in
British
of lat. 45°, extending to the
It was
possessions in I-. Canada.
surveyed in 1805, and contains 160,-
eastern part of the town.
Hnntington,
i
a population of 1,014.
IpsAvich, Mass.
This is one of the
Essex CO.
towns of the county, and a
shire
of the
port of entry, on a river
same name, sometimes called Aga-
wam, the
Indian
name
of the place.
Ipswich village is very pleasant,
is well
and the country around it
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
cultivated, and beautifully variegated.
There is a cotton mill in
the town, and a number of vessels
are engaged in the coasting trade
and fishery.
The manufactures
consist of cotton goods, hosiery,
vessels, leather, boots, shoes, chairs,
—
and cabinet ware
total annual
amount, about $120,000. Ipswich
is 12 miles N. by E. from Salem,
10 S. from Newburyport, and 26
First
N. E. by N. from Boston.
:
Incorporated, 1634.
Population, 1820,2,553: 1837, 2,855.
settled, 16o3.
Ira, Vt.
Rutland
This township
co.
is
elevated it contains good land for
rearing cattle it has about 5,000
sheep.
Castleton river and Ira
brook wash a part of the town, but
afford no valuable mill privileges.
Ira lies 60 miles S. S. W. from
Montpelier, and 8 S. W. from Rutland.
Population, 1830, 442.
:
:
Population,
settled in 1799.
1830, 860.
It lies 40 miles N. by
E. from Montpelier, and 30 N. by
W. from Danville. The surface of
the town is undulating, with an
easy soil to cultivate, and generalBlack and Barton rivly fertile.
ers water the town, but move too
sluggishly to produce any valuable
first
power.
Isinglass lilver, N. H.,
rise
from Long pond
Barrington, and Bow pond in
Strafford, and, after receiving the
w^aters of several other ponds, unites
with the Cocheco near the S. part
of Rochester.
in
Isles
and
Star, Duck, White,
Londonner islands.
Hog
its
contains 350 acres of rock, and
greatest elevation is 57 feet above
high water mark.
Smutty Nose
contains about 250 acres of rock
and soil greatest elevation 45 feet.
—
Star island contains about 180 acres
of rock and soil, and its height is 55
feet.
These islands, as a town, are
called Gosport.
Star and Smutty
Nose are inhabited by fishermen,
who carry on considerable business
way supplying Portsmouth
and the neighboring towns with
fresh fish, and sending large quantities of cured fish to Boston and
in their
;
other places.
The
celebrated
dun
found here, which have
heretofore been considered a disfish
are
tinct
species of
differ
the cod.
They
however from the common
only in the circumstance of
being caught and cured in
winter.
Star island and Smutty
Nose are connected by a sea wall,
cod
their
expense of government,
purpose of breaking a strong
south east current passing between
them, and forming a safe anchorage on the north west side of it.
for the
Shire town of Orleans county.
This township was granted to Ira
Allen and others, in 17S1. It was
its
Malaga,
built at the
Irasbiii'gli, Vt.
Takes
Smutty Nose,
of Slioals.
These islands, 8 miles from the
mouth of Portsmouth harbor, N. H.
Hog,
are seven in number, viz
:
These objects have been attained,
and the miniature fleet of the Shoalers, riding at anchor in this artificial harbor, is no unpleasant sight.
Smutty Nose and Malaga are connected by a sea wall, built at the
expense of Mr. Haley, " the King
This wall, 14 rods
of the Shoals."
in length, 13 feet in height, and
from 20 to 30 feet in width, effectually secures Haley's inlet and
wharf from the easterly storms,
although the waves not unfrequently break over it in a severe storm.
islands are composed of ledges
of gneiss, bearing evidence of their
igneous origin, as they are often
traversed by veins of quartz, trap,
and iron stone.
There are a few spots of dry soil
upon them under cultivation. The
Shoals are a pleasant resort for
water parties, and their delightful
These
�NEW ENGLAND
bracing air, cannot be otherwise
than advantageous to those who are
The
in want of pure sea breezes.
present population is about 100.
These islands were discovered
by the celebrated John Smith, in
1614, and were named by him
The line between
Smith's Isles.
Maine and New Hampshire passes
through these islands, leaving the
largest on the side of Maine.
Up-
them are chasms in the
having the appearance of
being caused by earthquakes. The
most remarkable is on Star island,
(Gosport) in which one Betty Moody
on
all
of
rocks,
secreted herself when the Indians
visited the island and took away
many female captives and thence
;
called to this day " Betty Moody's
hole."
For more than a century
previous to the revolution, these
islands were populous, containing
They had
from 300 to 600 souls.
a court-house on Haley's island
a meeting-house, tirst on Hog island, and afterwards on Star island.
From 3 to 4 thousand quintals fish
were annually caught and cured
here, and 7 or 8 schooners, besides
;
numerous
boats,
were employed
in
the business.
The business has
since very greatly decreased.
William Pepperell and a Mr. Gibbons, from Topsham, England, were
among the first settlers at the Shoals;
the former an ancestor of the celebrated Sir William Pepperell.
woman, of the name of Pulsey, died in Gosport, in 1795, aged
90.
In her life time she kept two
The hay on which they
cows.
fed in winter, she used to cut in
summer, among the rocks, with a
Her
knife, with her own hands.
GAZETTEER.
and several islands in its
This island has excellent
harbors, and is much frequented by
fishermen and coasters. The inhabitants are independent farmers and
fishermen, who are accustomed to
render their insular situation a
place of comfort to the wayfarer,
or the invalid in pursuit of ocean
scot bay,
vicinity.
breezes. Islesborough lies 10 miles
E. from Belfast, and 56 E. from
Augusta.
Incorporated, 1789.
Population, 1837, 674.
S.
Israel's River, N. H.,
CO., is formed by the waters
which descend in cataracts from the
summits of Mounts Adams and Jefferson, and running N. W. it passes
through Randolph and Jefferson,
discharging itself into the Connec-
Coos
near the centre of Lancaster.
stream, and received its name from Israel Glines, a
hunter, who with his brother frequented these regions, long before
the settlement of the county.
ticut
It is a beautiful
(Fadsson, Me.
Waldo
A
cows, it was said, were always in
good order. They were taken from
her, but paid for, by the British, in
1775, and killed, to the no small
grief of the good old woman.
IslesborongK; Me.
Waldo CO. This town comprises
a large and fertile island, in Penob*
17
CO.
An
interior
township
of good land that produced, in 1837,
4,898 bushels of as fine wheat as
can be raised in Tennessee. PopJackson
ulation, same year, 523.
is 49 miles N. E. from Augusta, and
Incor15 N. N. W. from Belfast.
porated, 1818.
Jackson,
7i. II.)
Coos CO., situated on the E. side
The surof the White mountains.
face of the town is uneven, but the
It is
is rich and productive.
watered principally by the two
branches of Ellis' river, passing
from the N. and uniting on the S.
border near Spruce mountain.
soil
The
principal elevations are called
Black, Baldface, and Thorn mountains.
settler;
Benjamin Copp was the first
he moved into Jackson in
1779, and with his family buffeted
the terrors of the wilderness four-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
teen years, before any other person
The town was
settled there.
in-
corpoiated December 4, 1800, by
the name of Adams, which name
it retained until 1829, when it was
Population,
changed to Jackson.
in 1S30, 515.
JafTrcy,
Z&. II.
This town lies 62
miles N. W. from Boston, and 40 S.
W. by S. from Concord. The Grand
Cheshire
Monadnock
part of this
co.
situated in the N. W.
in Dublin.
streams of water issue
is
town and
Innumerable
from the mountain. Those which
issue from the western side discharge themselves into the Connecticut river; those from tiie eastern form the head waters of ConThe largest stream
toocook river.
rises about 100 rods from the summit, and descends in a S. E. direction.
With
and fatigued
brook, the thirsty
this
visitors of the
moun-
most pleasing re-
tain associate the
collections.
The
Jaflrey, affording
uneven soil of
numerous metul-
ows, and early and rich pastures,
is peculiarly adapted to raising catThere are several ponds in
tle.
Out of 3, issue streams
this town.
sufficient to carry mills erected near
their outlets, in the largest, which
is 400 rods long, and 140 wide, is
an island comprising about 10 acres.
About 1 1-2 miles S. E. from the
mountain is the " Monadnock mine-
The spring is slightly
ral spring."
impregnated with carbonate of iron
and sulphate of soda. It preserves
so uniform a temperature as
to
have
Where
been
known
never
freeze.
the spring issues from the
to
earth, yellow ochre is thrown out.
In this town are a cotton and woolen factory, and various mills. The
first
permanent settlement was made
Jaffrey was incorporated
in 1758.
in 1773,
receiving
its
West river waters
co.
town, and gives good mill seats.
At a pleasa.it village near the centre of the iwvvn are valuable manufacturing establishments. The surface of the town is very uneven
in some parts mountainous, but the
soil is generally good and producLime-stone of a good qualitytive.
Jamaica was first
is found here.
Population, 1830,
settled in 1780.
It lies 90 miles S. from
1,523.
Montpelier, and 14 N. W. from
Newfane.
(famesto^x'ii,
Newport co.
H.
I.
This town compris-
es Connanicut, a beautiful island
in Narraganset bay, about 8 miles
length
its average breadth is
about a mile. The soil is a rich
loam, and peculiarly adapted for
grazing and the production of Indian corn and barley.
in
:
The
inhabitants of this island are
for their industry and
agricultural skill, which, united
with the fertility of the soil and the
location of the island, renders it a
delightful place. The distance from
the town or island to Newport and
remarkable
South Kingston is about a nale each
to each of those places a fer;
way
ry
is
established.
The
island
was
purchased of the Indians in 1657.
was incorporated
Population, 1830, 415.
Jamestown
1678.
in
Jay, Me.
Jay lies at a bendAndroscoggin river, 29 miles W.
by N. from Augusta, and 12 S. S. W-.
from Farmington. There is much
Franklin co.
of
valuable land in Jay.
The inhab-
are principally farmers, and
cultivate the soil with much indusitants
The town produced, in 1837,
try.
name from 8,129 bushels of wheat, and con-
George Jaffrey, Esq., of Portsmouth,
one of the original proprietors. Population in 1830, 1,354.
Windham
this
Population, 1830,
siderable wool.
Incorporated,
1,276; 1837, 1,685.
1795.
•
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Jay, Vt.
Orleans co, A part of this town
Jay's p-3ak
is very mountainous
lying in the S. W. part; the other
part is good arable huid, and would
produce good crops if well cultinumber of streams issue
vated.
from the mountain and produce an
ample water power. Jay was chartered in 1792, but it was not permanently settled until about ISIG.
It lies 50 miles N. from Alontpelier, and 15 N. ^V.. from Irasburgh.
Population, 1S30, 196.
—
A
Jefferson, Me*
embracer
a large body of water.
otherwise watered by several
ponds producing streams for mill
seats, which give to Jefierson great
facilities for sawing and transporting lumber. This is a flourishing
town in its trade and agricultural
pursuits; it produced 3,361 bushels
of wheat in 1837.
Incorporated,
1807.
Population, 1837, 2,246. It
lies 28 miles E. S. E. from Augusta, and 15 N. E. from Wiscasset.
It is
Jefferson, X. H.
Coos CO. Pondicherry pond, in
this town, is about 200 rods in diameter, and is the principal source
of John's river.
Pondicherry bay
is abouc 200 rods wide and 100 lony.
Mount Pliny lies in the easterly
part of this town, and around its
base there is excellent grazing and
tillage land.
On
the S.
mountain are several
W.
is
a pleasant village at the falls,
Brown's
river,
side of
fine farms,
on
and some manufac-
tories.
Jolinsoii, Vt.
Johnson was first
by a levolutionary
hero, of the name of Samuel Eaton.
Mr. Eaton frequently passed
Lamoille
Lincoln co. This town lies at
the head of Damariscotta river, and
this
Population, 1830, 1,654. Jerico lies
25 miles N. W. from Montpelier,
and 12 E. from Burlington. This
town lies on the N. side of Onion
river, and is otherwise finely supplied with mill seats by Brown's
river and other streams.
The soil
varies in quality, from good intervale, on the streams, to common
grazing pastures, on the hills. There
co.
settled in 1784,
through this township, while scouting between Connecticut river and
lake Champlain
and several times
encamped on the same flat which
he afterwards occupied as a farm, it
being a beautiful tract of intervale.
Like many other settlers of this
;
state,
he had many
encounter.
difficulties
and with a numerous family,
he loaded his little all upon an old
horse, and set out in search of that
favorite spot which he had selected
ces,
in
his
had
more youthful days.
rael's
river passe.^ throiigii Jeffer-
Jerico, Vt.
Chittenden
CO. First settled, 1774.
He
nearly 70 miles through
the wilderness, guided by the trees
which had been marked by the
scouts, and opening a path as he
passed along.
He depended, for
some time after he arrived at Johnson, entirely upon hunting and fishing for the support of himself and
to travel
familj-.
which command a iiiost delightful
The river Lamoille enters
view of the White mountains. Is- township near the southeast
son from S. E. to N. W., and here
receives a considerable branch. The
town was first settled about the year
1773. Jefferson is 77 miles N. from
Concord, and 9 S E. from Lancaster.
Population, 1«30, 495.
to
In indigent circumstan-
this
cor-
and running westerly about
two miles, through a rich tract of
ner,
intervale, falls over a ledge of rocks
about 15 feet in height into a basin
below. This is called J\r ConiicVs
falls.
Thence it runs northwesterly over a bed of rocks, about 100
rods, narrowing its channel and in-
creasing its velocity, when it forms
a whirlpool and sinks under a bar-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
which extends across
the river.
The arch is of solid
rock, is about eight feet wide, and
at low water is passed over by
Jonesborougli, Me.
rier of rocks,
footmen with safety.
The water
below through numerous apertures, exhibiting the appearance of
rises
the boiling of a pot.
The suiface of this township
is
uneven, being thrown into ridges,
which are covered with hemlock,
spruce and hard wood. The soil is
a dark, or yellow loam, mixed with
a light sand, is easily tilled, and
very productive. The alluvial flats
are considerably extensive, but back
from the river the lands are, in
some parts rather stony.
In the
northeastern part has been discovered a quantity of soapstone.
The village, in Johnson, is very
pleasant, and contains a number of
mills, for the manufacture of various
Johnson
articles.
lies
28 miles
N. by W. from Montpelier, and 6
N. W. from Hyde Park. Popula-
Washington co. This town hag
Chandler's river and the head of
Englishman's bay on the E., Joresport on the S., and the town of Addison on the W. Incorporated, 1809.
Population, 1837, 435.
It lies 134
miles E. by N. from Augusta, and
12 S. W. from Machias.
Joiiesport, Me.
Washington co. Taken from Jonesborough in 1836, and is bounded N.
by Jonesborough, E. by Englishman's bay, S. by Mispeeky reach,
and W. by Addison bay and harbor.
This place has an excellent
harbor, and is finely located for ship
building, the fisheries and coasting
trade.
It lies 138 miles E. by N.
from Augusta, and 16 S. W. from
Machias.
Population, 1837, 581
Beal and Head islands lie off S.
from Jonesport.
Judith Point, R.
tion, 1830, 1,079.
Jolinston, R.
I.
Providence co. This town lies
5 miles W. from Providence, from
which it was taken in 1759. It is
pleasantly variegated by hills and
vales, with a soil adapted to the culture of corn and barley, and particularly to
and
all
fruits, of
vegetables
sorts of
which large
quantities
annually sent to Providence
market. The quarries of freestone
they supin Johnston are valuable
ply the wants, not only of the city
and immediate vicinity, but distant
places, with that useful material.
The Wonasquatucket and Pochasset
rivers with their tributary streams
give this town a good hydraulic powBeautiful manufacturing viler.
lages are scattered along the banks
of these waters, presenting to the
are
;
eye of the traveller the pleasant
union of our agricultural and manufacturing interests.
1830, 2,113.
Population,
I.
A noted headland in South Kingston, 11 miles S.
in
N.
lat.
41°
S.W. from Newport,
24',
W.
Ion.
71°
35'.
A
light-house was erected here in
1810, the tower of which is 3.^ feet
in height.
This point opens to the
ocean about midway between Vineyard and Long Island Sounds.
When off this place, travellers unaccustomed to the sea frequently
experience some little inconvenience for a few miles. From this
light, Montauk, on Long Island,
bears about S. W. 30 miles, and Gay
Head, on Martha's Vineyard, about
E. by S., 35 miles.
K^atalidiu Mountain, Me.
celebrated mountain, the
greatest elevation in the state, lies
between the eastern and western
branches of Penobscot river, in the
county of Piscataquis, about eighty
miles N. N. W. from Bangor, and
120 N. N. E. from Augusta. Dr.
Jackson has ascertained its height
This
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
be 5,390 feet above the level of
The Indians had a notion
the sea.
that this mountain was the abode
It is steep
of supernatural beings.
and rugged, and stands in almost
to
It may be seen
solitary grandeur.
Tho,-c
in a clear day from Baugor.
who have visited its summit pro-
nounce the scenery um-ivalled
in
sublimity.
level,
and
is
well ornamented with
The
buildings are good and
well arranged
some of them are
elegant.
Keene is a place of considerable business.
It has 2 glass
houses, a woolen factory, iron foundry, and manj' other valuable manuficturing establishments.
Its first
settlement commenced about the
year 1734, by Jeremiah Hall and
trees.
;
name was Upwas incorporated
In the county of Merrimack, sit- with its present name, April 11,
uated between the towns of J^^ntton 1753, which is derived from Sir
and Salisbury, extending into both Benjamin Keene, British niinister
towns. The line between \\ ihuot at Spain, and contemporary with
and Warner passes over the sum- Gov. B. Wentworth.
Kearsarge ZTomitain, N. H.,
Kearsarge is elevated 2,481
mit.
feet above the level of the sea, and
is the highest mountain in Merri-
mack
county.
Its
summit
is
now
a bare mass of granite, presenting
an irregular and broken surface
the sides are covered with a thick
growth of wood. The prospect from
this mountain, in a clear sky, is
very wide and beautiful.
Keene, K.
II.,
Chief town of Cheshire co., is one
most flourishing tov.ns in
N. H. It is 80 miles W.^N. W. from
Boston, (10 S. from Dartmouth college, 43 S. S. E. from Windsor, Yt.,
40 W. from Amherst, and 55 W. S.
W. from Concord. Tb.e soil is of various kinds and generally good.
Ashueloi river has its source in a
pond in Vv'ashington. and discharges
itself into the Connecticut, at Hinsdale, 20 miles distant from Keene.
Keene has been called one of the
" prettiest villages" in New England; and president Dwight, in his
travels, pronounces it one of the
pleasantest inland towns he had
of the
seen.
The
principal village
is sit-
uated on a flat, E. of the A^huelot,
nearly equidistant from that and the
upland.
It is particularly entitled
to notice for the extent, width, and
uniform level of its streets. The
main street, extending one nule in
a straiaht line, is almost a perfect
17*
others.
Its original
per Ashueloi.
It
In 1786 the settlement had so
increased, that a meeting-house was
erected and in two years after, a
minister was settled. But the usual
scourge, which attended the frontier settlements, visited this town
In 1745 the Indians killed Josiah
Fisher, a deacon of the church
in 1746, they attacked the fort, the
only protection of the inhabitants.
They were, however, discovered
by Capt. Ephraim Dorman in season to prevent their taking it.
He was attacked by two Indians,
but defended himself successfully
against them, and reached the fort.
An action ensued, in which John
:
BuUard was killed ; Mrs. M'Kenney, who being out of the fort, was
stabbed and died and Nathan Blake
taken prisoner, carried to Canada,
where he remoincd two years. Mr.
Blake afterwards returned to Keene,
where he lived till his death,in 1811,
at the age of 99 years and 5 months.
Vv'henhewas 94 he married a widow of 60. The Indians burnt all the
;
buildings in the settlement, including the meeting-house.
The inhabitants continued in the fort until April, 1747, when the town was
abandoned.
In 1753 they returned, and re-con. menced their settlements.
In 1755 the Indians again
Their number
attacked the fort.
was great, and the onset violent,
but the vigilance and courage of
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Syms successfully defended
After burning several buildings, killing cattle, &c., they withThey again invaded the
drew.
town, but with little success.
Col. Isaac Wyman, an active
and influential man, marched the
tirst detachment of men from this
town, in the war of the revolution,
and was present at the battle of
Breed's Hill.
Population, in 1830,
is more than 1,000 feet,
hydraulic power, with that
Capt.
of this river
it.
and
2,371.
lieiidiiskeag Streain, Me.
This stream rises in Dexter and
Garland, and after meandering very
circuitously through Corinth, Levant and Dutton, it falls into the
Penobscot river, at the centre of
the city of Bangor.
This is a valuable mill stream; it has numerous
its banks are
romantic and beautiful.
tributaries
;
KeiiiieTjec River,
The
first
fertile,
Me.
source of this import-
Moose Head lake, of
the outlet. From thence
it passes in a S. W. course nearly
20 miles, where it receives the waters of Dead river ; it then proceeds
S. to Starks, about 40 miles, where
it receives the v/aters of the Sandy :
here it changes its course easterly,
about 12 miles, passing Norridgewock and Skowhegan : it then again
changes its course to the S. till it
receives the waters of the Sebastlcook, about 15 miles it continues
to descend in nearly a S. course to
Hallowell, tibout 20 miles ; here
it inclines to the E. a few miles,
and then resuming a S. course, and
passing through Aierrymeeting bay,
where it receives the Andi-oscoggia river, it passes Bath and meets
the ocean.
The wliole lenglli of
this river, from Moose Head lake
to the
sea, is about 150 miles.
The tributaries already named are
the most considerable ; but there
are many others that would be considered important rivers in other
sections of country. The whole fall
ant river
which
is
it is
:
of
its
tributaries, is incalculable.
its
We
are enabled to state that the
average, or mean time, of the closing of this river by ice, at Hallowell, for 45 successive years, was
December 12th, and of its opening,
April 3d.
The most remarkable
years were, 1792, when the river closed November 4th, and opened April Ist, the following year
and 1831, when it closed January
10th, and opened April loth, 1832.
Since the \ear 1786 the Kennebec
has not been obstructed by ice in
any spring after the 20th of April.
IveniieTSjec Cowiity,
Me.
Augusta is the shire town. This
county is bounded N. by Franklin,
Somerset, and Penobscot counties,
E. by Waldo and a part of Lincoln
counties, S. by Lincoln county, and
W. by Oxford county. This county
is watered by numerous ponds and
rivers, but principally by the noble
Kennebec,
which passes nearly
centre, from which the
name of the county is derived. The
i'ace of the county is undulating,
not hilly; its soil is of a superior
quality, producing, in great abundance, all the variety of grasses,
grains, vegetables and fruits common to its climate. The union of
through
its
hydraulic power with navigable
waters, which this county enjoys
its fertility, locality, and other natural advantages, render it a highly
favored section of our country.
Area, about 1,050 square miles. In
1837 this county contained 101,238
sheep, and produced 186,876 bushels of wheat. Population, 1837,62,375 59 inhabitants to a square mile.
:
Kemielnmlc, Me.
York
on the
bunk
This town
CO.
S.
W.
river,
side
and
is
is
situated
of the
Kenne-
regarded as one
New
of the pleasantest towns in
England. Population, 1837, 2,343.
In former ve3r<« the business of the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
town was mostly of a commercial
character, there being a large number of vessels owned here, which
were engaged in the West India
trade.
But this trade is now nearly abandoned, and the navigation is
engaged in the freighting, coiisting,
Ship buildand iishing business.
ing has been carried on here to a
great extent, for about seventy
years, and some of the finest ships
in the country have been built in
this place within the last fe v.' year-.
There is one large cotton factory in
operation, and other privileges for
hirge manufacturing establishments
on the Kennebunk, and the Mousum, a pleasant stream which meets
Kennethe ocean in this town.
bunk is a port of entry tonnage of
the district, in 18.3?', 6,964 tons.
Incorporated, 1820. It lies SO miles
:
S.
W.
from Augusta, 25 S. W. from
and 15 N. N. E. from
Portland,
maritime pursuits, and both enjoy
a good harbor for shipping.
Population, 183.7, 2,730.
Ixeusington, N« H.,
co., is 45 miles N.
from Boston, 15 S. W, from Portsmouth, and 40 S. E. from Concord.
This town has no streams of any
note; its surface is pretty even.
Kensington was settled at an early
period, and was originally a part of
Hampton, from which it was detached in 1737. Population, 1830,
Rockingham
717.
Ivent County, R.
I.
East Greenwich is the county
town. Kent county is bounded N.
by Providence county, E. by Providence bay, S. by Washington
county, and W. by the state of ConThe surface of the counnecticut.
ty is generally rough and uneven:
in the eastern part are tracts of leThe soil is either a gravel land.
York.
I£enue1>iink: Port, Me.,
ve Ih- or Fandy loam, and very productive of Indian grain, rye, fruits,
The grazing busiE. side of the Kennebunk river. and A-egetables.
This town was formerly extensive- ness is extensively pursued in this
ly engaged in the Vvest India trade, county.
The Pawtuxet and Flat
^ut its navigation is now employed rivers are the principal, but a numin the freighting, coasting, and iish- ber of large ponds produce smaller
ing business. The extensive gran- streams in abundance. The manuite quarries here are likely to befacturing interests of this county,
come a source of considerable busi- particularly of cotton and wool, are
ness.
The stone, bearing a strong very extensive, and probably purresemblance to the Quincy, finds sued with as much spirit and suca ready market where granite is cess as in any portion of the state.
made use of in building. Thirty Some navigation is employed on the
years ago, this town, and Kenne- bay in tlie coasting trade and fishbunk, on the opposite side of the ery.
Kent county comprises an
river, were the niost active and busy area of 186 square miles.
Populabut the tide of tion, 1820, 10,228; 1830, 12,789.
ports in Maine
emigration has carried off most of Population to a square mile, 69.
the young men, leaving a surplus
Kent, Ct.
of girls; so that v.-hatever activity
there now is in the place, is of a
Litchfield co. First settled, 1738.
Population,
domestic character, not creating Incorporated, 1739.
that noise and bustle incident to the 1830, 2,001.
Kent is 50 miles W.
operations of the other sex.
Ken- from Hartfoi-d, 50 N. W. from New
nebunk Port lies about 4 miles N. Haven, and 15 W. from Litchfield.
E. from Kennebunk.
This town This is a mountainous township,
and Kennebunk are much united in with some fine land on the banks
York
CO., is
situated on
;
the
N.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
of the Housatonick,
which passes
western border. Good
iron ore is found here.
There are
three furnaces in town, but the
manufacture of iron is not so extensive as formerly.
The Housatonick, cahii and still, winding gracefully at the foot of a high and rugged mountain, renders the scenery
from the neat and quiet village,
highly picturesque and beautiful.
•• There is in this (own," says
Dr.
Trumbull, " convincing evidence
that it was a grand seat of the nathrough
stantly return.
Willard being, on
the second or third day, nearly exhausted with fatigue and hunger,
its
inhabitants of this counti-y,
before Indians, who more lately inhabited it, had any residence in it.
There are arrow heads, stone pots,
and a sort of knives, and various
kinds of utensils, frequently found
by the English, of such curious
workmanship as exceeds all the
skill of any Indians since the Engtive
put himself under the guidance of
who in a short time conducted him in safety to his camp.
his dog,
liillingly, Ct.
Vvindham
I
co.
This town
lies
45
miles E. from Hartford, 25 W. from
Providence, R. I., and 5 N. E. from
Brooklyn.
First settled in 1700.
The first white person known to
have been bui-ied here was Mr.
Nell Alexander's great-grand-moLake.) This
town is rough and hilly, but there
is a great deal of beauty about it,
and its history is full of romantic
ther. (See jilexonder's
stories relating to the first settlers
and the red men.
The town is
well watered by the Quinnebaugand
its branches.
There are three villages. Pleasant Valley, Daysville,
and Danielsonville, all pleasant and
lish came into this country, and
became acquainted with them.
These were not only found when flourishing manufacturing places.
the town was first settled, but they They contain 14 cotton and 3 wool-
are still found on the sides of
tonic river."
Kousa-
Killingly contains excellent quarries of freestone, and of a slate rock
Kilkenny, N. H.
This place was granted
and contained, in 1830, but
27 inhabitants. They are poor, and
for aught that appears to the contrary, must always remain so, as they
may be deemed actual trespassers
on that part of creation destined by
its author for the residence of bears,
wolves, moose, and other animals
Coos
CO.
in 1774,
of the forest.
An exception, however, may possibly be mace in favor of a narrow strip of land along
Pithe S. boundary of the town.
lot and Willard's mountains, so called from a dog and his master, cover a considerable part of this town.
Willard, a hunter, had been lost
two or three days on these mountains, on the east side of which his
camp was
situated.
en mills, a furnace, an axe factory,
and other mechanical operations.
Each day he
observed his dog Pilot left him, as
he supposed in pursuit of game
but towards night he would con;
resembling granite,
wrought;
soft,
and easily
also of a slate rock
com-
posed of granular quartz, almost
lich bed of porcelain
white.
clay is found on Mashentuck hill,
said to equal French or Chinese
Population, 1S3G, 4,000.
clay.
A
KiilingtoM Peak, Vt.
This noted elevation of the Green
Mountain range, .3,924 feet above
the ocean, lies ip Sherburne, 10
miles £. from Rutland.
ICilliiigivortli, Ct.
Middlesex
Indian
settled
co.
This town, the
Hammoimasset, was
The central
in 1663.
first
part
of the town is 38 miles S. E. from
LonHartford, 27 W. from
New
17 S. by E. from MidPopulation,' 1830, 2,484.
Long Island
lies on
tov.'n
don, and
dletown.
This
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Sound with
seis.
a harbor for small v^esvessels are built at
Many
There is 1,000 acres
this place.
of good salt meadow in Killingworth, and the soil of the uplands,
although hard and uneven, are rendered productive by industry and
called the Great hill and Rockrimon are the highest. The soil of
The
is generally loamy.
charter of Kingston was granted,
1694.
The grant also comprehended what now forms the towns of
East Kingston, Danville, and SanKingston
management. The village down. This town suffered in comvery pleasant, with a wide street mon with others in the vicinity, from
Many Indian
a mile and a half in length, crossed Indian depredations.
about midway by Indian river, a implements, with some ancient
small stream which enters the har- French coin, have been ploughed
This was a great resort for up in the vicinity of the ponds.
bor.
Immense masses
the Indians.
Maj. Ebejvezer Stevens, one
of mouldering shells still point out of the early settlers, was a very
the places where they dwelt." distinguished and useful citizen.
Killingworth is a healthful, interThis town was also the residence
skillful
is
'•'
of the Hon. Josiah Bartlett,
one of the first worthies of the state,
and an eminent physician.
His
esting place.
Kiliuarnoclc, Me.
This town is
Piscataquis co.
well watered by Piscataquis river
and the outlet of Scootum lake. It
lies 103 miles N. E. from Augusta,
and 22 N. N. E. from Dover. Incorporated, 1824. Population, 1830,
138; 1837, 313.
lixa.sS.eld,
Me.
public career
Kingsbury, Me.
Incorporated, 1836.
East."
See
ica.
He was
This town is
distant from Concord 37 miles S. E.,
from Exeter 6, and from Portsmouth
20.
There are several ponds in
this town.
The largest is Great
pond, which lies on the W. of the
village, and contains upwards of
300 acres, with an island of 10 or 12
acres, covered with wood.
There
are no high hills in Kingston ; those
co.
the
first
Amer-
governor of
the state under its free constitution.
He died in 1795, aged 65. Population, 1830, 929.
Kingston, Vt.
Addison
co.
A mountainous town-
ship settled soon after the revolutionary war. Population, 1830, 403.
White river is formed in Kingston
by the union of several streams.
Here is a beautiful v/ater fall of
100 feet, 50 of which is perpendicular.
At the bottom of the fall the
water has worn a hole 10 feet in
Kingston lies 21 miles S.
depth.
"Down W.
Kingston, N. H.
Rockingham
in 1765,
supporter of the liberties of
A
Franklin co.
fine farming
township, east of Mount Abraham,
and watered by Seven Mile brook
and one of its tributaries. It lies
55 miles N. W. by N. from Augusta, and 25 N. from Farmington.
Population, 1837, 614.
Incorporated, 1803.
Wheat crop of 1837,
3,877 bushels.
commenced
and from that time to his death he
was an unwearied advocate and
from Montpelier, and 14 E. from
Middlebury.
Kingston, Mass.
Plymouth co.
This town lies
within Plymouth harbor, 4 miles
N. W. from Plymouth, and 31 S.
E. from Boston.
Kingston has a
good harbor, a considerable stream
of water and some excellent land.
There are a number of vessels engaged in the coasting trade, and
some in foreign commerce. Many
vessels are built here of the south
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
shore white oak, noted for its
During
strength and durability.
the year ending April 1,1837, there
were 19 vessels engaged in the cod
and mackerel fishery.
They
took
14,214 quintals of cod fish, and 886
barrels of mackerel, the value of
which amounted
to ,^48,590. There
mill in Kingston, and
manufactures of bar iron, nails, axes, cutlery, anchors, leather, shoes,
pa!ra-leaf hats, and shingles
total
is
a
cotton
:
value inone year $105,.302. Monk's
hill presents an excellent vievt' of
Plymouth harbor.
Kingston was
incorporated in 1726.
Population,
1837, 1,371.
Kii'ljy, Vt.
Caledonia co. First settled, 1799.
Population, 1830, 401.
There are
some tracts of good land in Kirby,
but the township is generally either
wet and
cold, or too
mountainous
for
ing trade and fishery, and formerly
considerable trade was carried on
with the West Indies from this
place
but there is little or none
;
—
at present.
Kittery point was the residence
of Sir William Pepperell, who commanded the
England troops in
the celebrated expedition to Cape
Breton, in 1745, which resulted in
the captu!-e of Louis'hurg.
It is
divided from Poi-tsmouth, N. H. by
the Piscataqua.
bridge connects
it with that place.
Another bridge
New
A
connects
it
with Badger's island, on
the United States Navy
Yard. Kittery lies 103 miles S. W.
from Augusta, and 50 S. W, from
Incorporated, 1653.
Portland.
Population, 1837, 2,322.
which
is
I^nox, Me.
A
Waldo CO.
beautiful farming
town, named in honor of Gen. Hen-
ry Knox, a patriot of the revoluwho died at Thomaston, 1806,
This is one of the many
N. aged 53.
cultivation.
It has a number of
springs, brooks, and a good fish
pond.
The town lies 36 miles
E. from Montpeher, and 14 N. E.
from Danville.
lOrklaiid, Me.
Penobscot CO. Kirkland is finely
watered by Dead stream, Pushavv
lake and its principal tributary river.
It lies 83 miles N. E. from
Augusta, and 15 N. N. W. from
Bangor. Incorporated, 1823. Population, 1837, 258.
Kittery, Me.
A
York CO.
sea port town on
the N. E. bank of the Piscataqua
river, being the extreme southwestern boundary of the state on the
Atlantic, adjoining York on the N.
It is
E. and Elliot on the N. W.
one of the earliest settlements in
the province, or state, and had its
share of trial and suffering with
others of their days, from repeated
incursions of the Indians.
The
river or inlet, called Spruce creek,
affords a convenient harbor for vessels usually employed in the coast-
tion,
in Maine fast rising in wealth
and respectability, by the fertility of
the soil and industry of the people.
It lies 32 miles N. E. by E. from
Augusta, and 14 S. W. from Belfast.
Incorporated, 1819.
Popu-
towns
lation,
1837,
815.
Wheat
crop,
same year, 4,037 bushels.
liagraiige,
Me.
Population, 1837, 287.
Wheat
same year, 1,749 bushels.
See " Down East."
crop,
liamoille Cowiity, Vt.
Hyde Park
is
the shire
town.—
This county was established in 1836.
It is bounded N. by Franklin and
Orleans counties, E. by Orleans and
Caledonia counties, S. by Washington county, and W. by Chittenden
and a part of Franklin counties.
This county lies on the Green mountain range, and is the source of maThe river Lamoille
ny streams.
passes nearly through its centre,
and, with its tributaries, give the
,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZKTTKER.
hydraulic power.
The elevation of the county renfor grazders the soil more adapted
tillage, yet there are
ing than for
meadow
lar<re tracts of excellent
county a
2;reat
Manufacstreams.
and the exports ol
beef cattle and the products of the
annually
dairy are valuable, and
In 1837, there were
increasing.
Population, 1830,
sheep.
boi^dering
tures
its
flourish,
meadow hills; and the land in
the S. E. part lies too high up the
tin
soil
along the Connecticut is alluvial,
the meadows extending back nearat
ly three-fourths of a mile ; and
the mouth of Israel's river much
farther.
The village, or
28,677
8,930.
most compact part
of the town, lies on a street extendu)g from the bridge across Israel's
river northwardly :— it is pleasant,
manufacturis the site of some
ing estabhshments. Lancaster was
granted and settled in 1763. The
war of the revolution tended to retown.—
tard the settlement of the
After the war closed, the town setand
tled with considerable rapidity,
in
has since aradually increased
Population,
wealth and "business.
and
liainoille
River, Vt.
This river is formed in Greensborough. Its general course is N.
W. It passes through Hardwick,
Wolcott, Morriston, Johnston, Camand
bridge, Fairfax and Georgia,
Champlain at Milfalls'into Lake
N. from Burlington.
numerous tributaries:
has several falls, which produce
ton, 12 miles
This river hai
it
The
for cultivation.
mountains
1830, 1,187.
Ijaacaster, Mass.
banks
Its
a valuable water power.
fertile.
in many parts are very
It
was discovered by Champlain
in
1609.
Lancaster, K. H.
Coos CO. Shire town of the counsoutheastern
ty, and situated on the
bank of Connecticut river, which
forms and washes its N. W. boundIt hes
ary, a distance of 10 miles.
distant 110 miles W. from Portland,
130 N. from Portsmouth, 95 N.
from Concord, and 75 above DartBesides the Conmouth College.
necticut, which is deep and about
22 rods in width while it passes
Worcester
This town, the
co.
J\''asav;ogg of the Indians, is the
was
oldest town in the county ; it
years a frontier settlement,
for m.any
and greatly harrassed by the na-
In 1676. the town was at1,500 Indians; many
were killed on both sides the town
was destroyed, and a number car-
tives.
tacked
by
;
ried into
v.-a5
Mrs.
Lancaster
celebrated
Roivlandson.
both sides of
a
among whom
captivity,
the
remarkably
Nashua
fine,
river,
Mary
on
and has
lies
alluvial soil, in
Per-
a high state of cultivation.
hapAhere
is
no inland town
New
in
England that possesses more natuthrough Lancaster, the town is wathe eye
and several ral beauties, or that strikes
tered by Israel's river,
the traveller more agreeably.—
Across this of
considerable brooks.
it is
are The village is very beautiful
river a bridge and several dams
water neatly built on an alluvial plain,
thrown, forming a valuable
hills, and watered by
There are several ponds surrounded by
power.
There
stream.
of which a large and placid
in Lancaster, the largest
in
are 3 cotton and 1 woolen mills
pond, from
is called Martin-meadow
manufactures of
This communi- the town, and
Martin, a hunter.
forks,
leather, boots, shoes, hats,
cates with Little pond.
palm-leaf hats, tenon maLancaster is situated near lofty combs,
copper pumps, piano-fortes,
mountains, but is not itself moun- chines,
:—-annual
in chairs, and cabinet ware
There are three hills
tainous.
$100,000. Some min^e S. part of the town, called Mar- value about
:
—
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
eral substances are found
here.
Lancaster was first settled, 1643.
Incorporated,
1653.
Population^
1837,1,903.
It lies 35 miles W.
N. W. from Boston, and 15 N. N.
E. from Worcester.
liandaflf, H6.
Grafton co.
Its distance from
Haverhill is about 12 miles N. E.,
and from Concord 90 N. by V/,'
Amonoosuck
.
and 11 N. from Lenox.
liaiigdom,
]V.
H.
Sullivan CO.
by
S.
Langdon is 18 miles
W. from Newport, and 50 W.
from Concord.
The princi3 miles E. from Connecticut river, and 6 from Bellows
Falls.
considerable branch of
Cold river passes S. W. through
the
pal village
rjver,
tain in the E.
was incorporated,
Population, 1837, 1,090. It
125 miles Vv by N. from Bos-
S. S.
E. to N. W. through the S. part
of the town.
Through the northwesterly extremity passes the Great
con-
fish.
1765.
ton,
Wild Amonoosuck river runs from
There is a
town
slate.
parti v in this
Pittsfield : it
Lanesborough
I
S.
pond
and partly in
tains trout and other fine
lies
H.
and graphic
ble,
delightful
part.
it
A
Landaif mounCobble hill in
the centre, and Bald hill in the W.,
whole extentof this town, and unites
vyith the main branch near
the S.
soil is fertile.
LandaiT was granted line.
Langdon, named in honor
in 1764, to James Averv and^others.
of^ Gov. Langdon,
was incorporated
Population,
are the principal elevations.
The'
in 1830, 95l.
1787.
1773.
liautlgrove, Vt.
Bennington
co.
This town
is
settlement commenced in
Population, 1830, 667.
Its
liebanon, Me.
on
elevated land at the N. E. corner
York CO.
This town is bounded
of the county, 33 miles N. E.
from W. by Salmon Fall river,
on the
Bennington, and about 30 S. W. line
of New Hampshire.
It is a
from Windsor.
Some of the head large agricultural
township, with
branches of West river have their
some trade and manufactures.
It
sources here.
The lands are too lies 99 miles S. W. from
Augusta,
rough and high for much improve50 S. W. by W. from Portland, and
ment. First settled, 1769. Populis. W. from Alfred.
Incorporalation, 1830, 385.
ted, 1767.
Population, in 1837,
I/auesljoroMgli, Mass.
j
|
Berkshire co. This township lies
on elevated ground, the sources of
some of the head branches of Housatonick and Hoosack rivers.
It is
situated on two hills, with an intervening valley.
The lands in the
valley are very luxuriant, and the
hilly parts are admirably adapted
I^elianoii, N.
Grafton co.
H.
This pleasant town
on Connecticut river, is 4 miles
S.
from Dartmouth College, 49 N. W.'
from Concord, and 90 N. W. fioni
Portsmouth. Besides the Connecticut on its W. border, this town
is
watered by Mascomy river, runninofor grazing.
Lanesborough is a from E. to W. through
its centre^
beautiful town, under good cultivaand atibrding many valuable mill
tion, and very productive.
The in- seats and a constant supply of v/ahabitants are principally firmers,
ter.
The soil here is alluvial, the
who make agriculture a business, intervales
on the Connecticut exand reap its rewards. In 1837 there
tending back from the river about
were in this town 12,333 sheep, halfamile.
There are meadows or
whose fleeces weighed 42,489 lbs.' intervales
on Mascomy river. The
estimated at ^26,100.
Limestone principal village is situated
on a
abounds here ; also beautiful mar- plain
near the central part, at the
\
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
head of the falls of Mascomy rivThere are falls in the Connecticut in this town, which have been
jlocked and canalled by a company,
called the White River Company.
Lyman's bridge connects this town
with Hartford, Vt. A medicinal
A
spring has been discovered.
lead mine has been opened, and
there has been found on Entield line,
er.
the
as Governor of Connecticut ;
faithful page of History will record.
Full of years and honors, rich in benevolence, and firm in the faith and
hopes of Christianity,
9th, 1785, iEtatis 75."
This tomb contains the ashes of two
governors, one commissary general,
and a signer of the Declaration of
Independence.
near the outlet of the Great pond,
a vein of iron ore.
This is a place of
considerable
manufactures, and of extensive
Lebanon was granted 1761.
trade.
It was the first town settled on Connecticut river to the N. of Charles-
town.
The first settlers were a
hardy, brave people, tenacious of
their principles
most of them were
men of strong minds, good habits,
correct principles, and good common education. Population, 1830,
:
he died August
licdyard, Ct.
New London co. This town was
taken from Groton in 1836. It was
formerly called North Groton.
It
is 7 miles N. by E. from New London, and 8 S. from Norwich. There
a pretty village, of some thirty
houses, at Gale's ferry, on the
Thames.
The population of the
town, in 1836, was about 2,000.
About twenty of the Pequot tribe
a miserable
of Indians reside here
remnant of a great and powerful
is
:
1,868.
nation.
liebanon, Ct.
New
This town was named
London
Lebanon
co.
lies
30 miles S. E. from Hartford, and
10 N. W. from Norwich.
First
settled about 1700.
Population, in
The
1830, 2,554.
uneven
town
is
The
soil is
surface of the
— moderately
hilly.
of a chocolate color;
a rich deep mould, very fertile, and
well adapted
for grass.
Husbandry
the principal business of the inhabitants. The village is on a street
more than a mile in length, wide,
pleasant and interesting it was the
residence of the
family, celebrated for their genius and
patriotism.
On the family tomb, in
the village, is the following inscription to the memory of the first govis
:
Trumbull
ernor Trumbull.
" Sacred to the memory of Jonathan
Trumbull, Esq. vvho, unaided by birth
or powerful connexions, but blessed
with a noble and virtuous mmd. arrived
to the highest station in government.
His patriotism and firmness during 50
years employment in public life, and
particularly in the very important part
he acted in the American Revolution,
18
in
honor
of two brothers, natives of Groton
Col. Led vARD, the brave defender of Groton Heights, in 1781 ;
and
John Ledyard,
the celebra-
ted traveler, who died at Cairo, in
Egypt, in 1789, aged 38. John Led-
yard was probably as distinguished
a traveler as can be found on re" Endowed with an original
cord.
and comprehensive genius, he beheld with interest, and described
with energ3', the scenes and objects
around him; and by comparing them
with what he had seen in other regions of the globe, he was enabled to
give his narrative all the varied effect of contrast and resemblance."
This accurate observer of mankind pays the following tribute to
female character.
" I have always remarked," says
he, '• that women in all countries
are civil and obliging, tender and
humane that they are ever inclined to be gay and cheerful, timorous and modest ; and that they do
not hesitate, like men, to perform
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Not
a generous action.
hauglity,
nor arrogant, nor supercilious, tliey
are full of courtesy, and fond of
society ; more liable in general to
err than man, but in general also
more virtuous, and performing more
good actions, than he. To a woman, whether civilized or savage, I
never addressed myself, in the lan-
guage of decency and friendship,
him
to follow.
treated.
The enemy
also to-
Lee is 28 miles E. S. E. from
Concord, and 12 S. W. from Dover.
From the N. E. extremity of Ep-
Lamprey river enters Lee,
and after a serpentine course of
about 7 miles, it passes into Durham.
Other parts of the town are
watered by Little, North, and Oys-
ping.
Lee was originally a
part of Durham, and was incorporated, 1766.
Population, in 1830,
1,009.
without receiving a decent and
With man it has
friendly answer.
In wanderoften been otherwise.
ing over the barren plains of inhospitable Denmark, through honest Sweden and frozen Lapland,
rude and churlish Finland, unprincipled Russia, and the wide spread
regions of the wandering Tartar;
if hungry, dry, cold, wet, or sick,
the women have ever been friendAnd
ly to me, and uniformly so.
add to this virtue, so worthy the
appellation of benevolence, their
actions have been performed in so
free and kind a manner, that if I
was dry, I drank the sweetest
draught, and if nungry, I ate the
coarsest morsel, with a double rel-
ter rivers.
ish."
boots, shoes, bar iron, iron castings,
Liee,
Berkshire co.
Mass.
This
is
town on the Housatonick
mirably located
purposes.
for
a pleasant
river, ad-
manufacturirig
contains a cotton and a
woolen mill, 12 paper mills, and various other manufactui-es by water power.
The amount of manufactured goods ibi- the year ending
April 1, iS37, was $405,000. The
It
paper manufactured, amounted to
The articles manufac,$274,500.
tured, besides paper, cotton and
woolen goods, were leather, hats,
axes, shovels, spades, hoes, forks,
Me.
Wheat crop, 1837, 8,450 bushels
It
population, the same year, 5oG.
See
lies 125 miles from Augusta.
" Down East."
:
Liee, KT.
liCe,
H.
StrafTord co.
In the N. part of
the town lies V/heelwright's pond,
containing about 165 acres, and
forming the principal source of Oyster river.
is memorable for the
which was fought near it in
1690, between a scouting party of
Indians, and two companies of ran-
ploughs, chairs, tin, cabinet and
wooden ware, carriages, chair stuff,
&c. The soil of the town is good,
particularly for grazing.
of 2,000 sheep, in 1837,
ued
is
an abund-
.
This pond
and wounded, drew off and obliged
There
ant supply of iron ore and marble
of excellent qualities.
Lee was
incorporated in 1777.
It lies 130
miles \V from Boston, and 5 S, E.
Population, in 1830,
fiom Lenox.
1,825; 1837, 2,095.
JLicet'is,
battle
gers, under Capts. Floyd and WisThe engagement lasted two
wall.
Wiswall, his lieutenant,
hours.
sergeant, and 12 men were killed
Floyd conand several wounded.
tinued to fight til! his men, v/earied
at ,^4,500.
The wool
was val-
Me.
Kennebec co.
This is a large
and flourishing agricultural town,
finely watered by a large and beauTiie outlet of this pond
pond.
the Androscoggin, gives the
town a good water power, for saw
mills and other manufactories.
The villages in Leeds are very
neat and pleasant. The soil is fartiful
into
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
and productive. Wheat crop,
Leeds was
1837, 5,421 bushels.
It lies 30
incorporated in 1802.
miles W. S. W. from Augusta.
Population, 1837, 1,743.
tile
liCicester, Vt.
Addison
Leicester is waterco.
river of its own name, by
Otter creek, and by a part of lake
These waters are too
Dunmorc.
ed by
a
sluggish to afford the town
water power.
The
soil
is
a
much
sandy
loam, interspersed with some flats
Along the rivers the soil
of clay.
The high
is rich and productive.
lands are hard and fit for grazing.
About 4,000 sheep are kept here.
Leicester lies 36 miles S. W. from
INIontpelier, and 10 S. by E. from
Middlebury.
First settled, 1773.
Population, 1830, 638.
liCicester,
Mass.
This town is on
the height of ground between Boston harbor and Connecticut river.
It lies 46 miles W. from Boston, 6
W. S. W. from Worcester, 42 E. S.
E. from Northampton, and 44 N. W.
from Providence.
It was first settled in 1713, and incorporated about
Its Indian name
the year 1721.
Population, 1837,
was Towtaid.
This town is well watered
2,122.
by French river, and branches of
the Connecticut and Blackstone,
which rise here, and afford mill sites
Worcester
co.
They were much esteemed.
The families of Denny, Earle anl
Henshaw, have been numerous in
1783.
Leicester, and highly respectable.
lienuiiiugtou, Vt.
Essex CO. A mountainous township, on the W. side of Connecticut
river, with a small portion of inter-
There are several brooks in
the town, and a beautiful cascade
of 50 feet.
There is a mountain in
the town called " the Monadnock
of Vermont," from which may be
discovered that this town, generalIt lies
ly, is not fit for cultivation.
vale.
64 miles N. E. from Montpelier,
and 24 N. from Guildhall. Population, 1830, 183.
liempstei', N. II.
Sullivan co.
It is 40 miles W.
from Concord. The surface is, in
general, uneven, and the eastern
part is mountainous.
The soil is
moist, and better suited for grass
The town is well
than grain.
watered, although its streams are
small.
One branch of Sugar river,
and the S. and W. branches of Cold
river afford conveniences for water
machinerj".
Near the W. boundary line is a pond 320 rods long
and 80 wide. Sand pond lies in
Lempster
this town and Marlow.
was granted 1761. It was settled
about 1770, by emigrants from Connecticut.
numerous manufactories.
Leicester Academy was founded
for
has considerable funds,
commodious buildings, and is highly
respectable.
It accommodates 100
pupils throughout the year.
The surface of the town is uneven
in 1784.
cards,
machine cards,
chairs, cabi-
net ware, scythes, leather, boots and
shoes: total value the year ending
April 1, 1837, $531,939.
society of Jews built a synagogue, and resided here from 1777 to
A
lienox, Me.
See " Dow^n East."
It
There
with a strong, deep soil.
are 5 woolen mills in the town, and
manufactures of machines, hand
Population, in 1830, ddd.
Lieuox, Mass.
Berkshire co. Shire town. This
an excellent township of land,
watered hy Housatonick river, and
surrounded by beautiful mountain
scenery.
It lies 130 miles W. from
Boston, 25 N. E. from Hudson, N.
Y., and 55 N. W. from Hartfbrd,
Ct.
Lenox is accommodated with
a water power, and contains mines
of rich iron ore, and quarries of
There are some
beautiful marble.
is
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER,
manufactures of iron, leather, marble, &,c., in the town, but agriculture is the chief pursuit of the in-
some wild scenery, worthy of the
notice.
Incorporated,
Population, 1837, 902.
traveler's
1774.
habitants. Incorporated, 1767. Population, 1837, 1,277.
Lieomiiister, Mass.
A
beautiful town,
and great water power, on both sides of a principal branch of Nashua river, 42
Worcester
co.
of an excellent
soil,
miles N. \V. from Boston, and 20
N. from Worcester. This town was
taken from Lancaster in 1740, and
shared with that town in the sufferings occasioned by Indian hostilit}^
The manufactures of Leominster,
for the year ending April 1, 1837,
exclusive of the product of 5 paper
The articles
mills, was $111,505.
manufactured were leather, boots,
shoes,
hats,
chairs, cabinet
axes,
ware, combs, tin ware, straw bonnets, palm-leaf hats, chaises, carPopulation,,
riages, and harnesses.
lie-wiston,
falls.
The waters of that river
descend 47 feet in the distance of
12 to 15 rods, and pi-oduce a valuable hydraulic power.
The town
extends on the river about 13 miles,
and is connected with Minot by a
the
bridge, at the foot of the falls, of
1,000 feet in length. Thisisatownship of good land, with some manufactures of woolen and cotton goods,
and a number of saw mills. Wheat
crop, 1837, 1,920 bushels.
Incorporated, 1795.
Population, 1830,
Lewiston is
1,549; 1837, 1,737.
28 miles S. W. from Augusta, 34
N. by E. from Portland, and 25 N.
W.
from Bath.
liexmgtMi, Me.
1037, 1,914.
A
Me.
Lewiston lies on the
E. side of Androscoggin river, at
Lincoln co.
alum rock has been found
Somerset co. This town lies 57
in this town which is said to be a miles from Augusta.
Population,
It condecomposed mica slate.
Wheat crop, same year,
1837, 457.
tains an abundance of beautiful 2,346 bushels.
See " Down East."
rich
plumose, or feather form alum, like
that of Milo, one of the Grecian
isles, mixed with the green crystals of
copperas, or sulphate of iron.
Ijevant, Me.
This town lies
Penobscot co.
principally on the S. W. side of
Kenduskeag stream, by which and
it is well watered.
its tributaries
The soil is good and productive.
The wheat crop of 1837 was 3,432
bushels. Levant lies 78 miles N. E.
from Augusta, and 10 N. W. from
Bangor. Incorporated, 1813. Population, 1830, 747
1837,1,081.
licxiugton, Mass.
co. This pleasant town
10 miles N. W. from Boston,
and 7 E. from Concord.
Incorpo1712.
Population, 1837,
rated,
There are some excellent
1,622.
farms in this town, large tracts of
meadow on some of the branches
of the Shawsheen, which rise here,
and some valuable woodland. The
Middlesex
lies
manufactures consist of boots, shoes,
caps, clocks, cabinet ware, and calannual value, about
ico printing
:
$100,000.
Lexington will ever be an inter-
;
liieverett, Ma^ss.
A
good grazing
Franklin co.
town, on high ground, 85 miles W.
N. W. from Boston, and 10 S. E.
from Greenfield. The town is watered by Roaring brook, a rapid
stream, on which is a cascade, and
esting place, as here the
was shed in the cause of
Independence.
British soldiers
first
blood
American
" A detachment of
were sent at day-
on the mornina; of the 19th of
April, 1775, to take or destroy a
quantity of military stores collected
lisfht
at
Concord.
They were under
the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
command
Pitcairn.
a militia
of Col. Smith and Maj.
On reaching this place,
company were exercis-
A
British olliing on the common.
them to
ceT- rode up and ordered
disperse, but not being instantly
obeyed, he discharged his pistol
rated, 1827. Population, 1837, 804.
short time since a pine tree
was cut in Liberty, which measur-
A
ed 7 feet in diameter, at the stump.
The tree
It had three branches.
was sound, and 10,610 feet of square
edged boards were made from it.
and ordered his men to fire, which
Ijiiuericlc, Me.
they did, and eight of the AmeriLittle Ossipee river
York CO.
The
cans fell dead on the spot!
It lies 28 miles
British waters this tov/n.
militia retreated, and the
Portland, 85 S. W. from
proceeded to Concord, and in part W. from
and 15 N. by W. from
succeeded in destroying the stores, Augusta,
This is a good farming
Alfred.
but were so harassed on their rewith a pleasant village, and
turn, that they would inevitably town,
1812.
they not an academy, incorporated in
have been cut off, had
1737
strong The town was incorporated in
been met at this place by a
detachment of artillery under Lord
Population, 1837, 1,484.
The party suffered exPercy.
liiininston, Me.
tremely by the tire of the AmeriYork CO. This town is bounded
cans, aimed with deadly effect from
the S. by Limerick, and is wathe buildings, trees, and fences; on
and
65'"
180 tered by Saco river on the S.
killed, and had
and left
50 W. The town has a good soil, very
wounded. The Americans had
There is productive of hay, wheat and other
killed and 34 wounded.
It lies 89 miles S. W. from
where the grain.
a monument on the spot
the Augusta, and 28 W. S. W. from
first victims fell, to perpetuate
Incorporated, 1762.
memory of the slain, and of this Portland.
I
Population, 1837, 2,223.
event.''
liiucolu County, Me.
licydeu, Mass.
Wiscasset, Topsham and Waris watered
Lincoln
and several small ren are the county towns.
by Green river
county is bounded N. by the counstreams. It is 100 miles N. W. from
of Kennebec and Waldo, E.
Boston, and 7 N. by W. from Green- ties
town- by Waldo county and Penobscot
It is a mountainous
field.
bay, S. by the Atlantic ocean, and
ship, more fit for grazing than tillCasnumber of sheep in the Vv'. by Cumberland county and
The
age.
Area about 950 square
their co bay.
town, in 1837, was 3,142;
This county is bounded on
miles.
fleeces weighed 9,326 pounds; valThe town the ocean nearly fifty miles, and
ue of the wool, $5,129.
county of Hancock in this
was incorporated in 1809. Popu- like the
state, comprises an almost innumer658.
1837,
Franklin
co.
Leyden
lation,
in Leyi-^ a romantic spot
called " the Glen," a curious
den,
place, worth looking at.
There
Liberty, Me.
Waldo CO. This town is 29 miles
E. from Augusta, and 18 ^Y. S. W.
It is watered by
from Belfast.
large ponds and small streams. The
soil is good and produced, in 1837,
Incorpo2,022 bushels of wheat.
18*
able
number
of bays, coves, inlets,
commodious harbors and
fertile isl-
The waters of the Musconands.
gus, Damariscotta and Shecpscot
pierce its centre, and the noble
Kennebec finds all its Atlantic harbors in the county of Lincoln.
Considerable attention is paid to
agriculture, for the
suit
;
soil j°
generally
and well adapted to the purbut this county is essentially a
fertile
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
maritime section of New England,
possessing every requisition for foreign commerce, the coasting trade
Uncoln, Tt.
Addison co.
Lincoln was first
by a number of "Friends,"
in 1790.
The town is on high
three districts, Bath, Wiscasset and
ground with an uneven surface. It
Waldohorough, in 1837, was 93,347
lies 21 miles S. W. from Montpetons.
This county contained, in
lier, and 15 N. E. from Middlebury.
1837, 84,000 sheep, and
and
The tonnage
fisheries.
raised 37,-
963 bushels of wheat. Population,
1820, 53,189
1830, 57,181
1837,
60,226 63 inhabitants to a square
;
settled
of the
Population, 1S30, 639.
liincolu, Mass.
;
:
mile.
Itiucoln,
Penobscot
large town,
common
Me.
co.
This is a very
more than double the
size.
It lies
on the E. side
of the Penobscot, at the
Matanaucook
river,
mouth
where is
of
a
pleasant and flourishing village, 45
miles N. by E. from Bangor, and
114 N. E. from Augusta. Lincoln
has recently been incorporated, and
possesses a soil of remarkable fertility.
Population, 1830,414; 1837,
1,045.
Wheat crop, 1837, 4,263
bushels.
I<iucolii, N. H.,
Middlesex CO. Lincoln is bounded W. by Sudbury river.
It lies
16 miles N, W. by W. from Boston,
and 3 S. from Concord. Incorporated, 1754.
Population, 1837, 694.
It has some good farms and a large
lish pond.
The manufactures of
the
er,
town
consist of clothing, leath-
straw bonnets, boots and shoes.
laiicolnville,
Waldo
CO.
Penobscot
Me.
the W. side of
bay, 10 miles S. from
On
N. from Camden, and 51
E. from Augusta.
Incorporated,
1802.
Population, 1837, 1,999.—
This township has a good soil for
grass, grain and potatoes.
Wheat
crop of 1837, 4,212 bushels.
The
town is well located for any branch
of navigation.
Duck Trap is an excellent harbor, and a busy place in
the coasting trade.
Belfast, 7
Grafton co., a mountainous townN. from Concord.—
The middle branch of the Pemigewasset passes through nearly the
centre of the town.
It has its
source in Ferrin's pond, in the S.
part of Franconia.
There are sevliinneus, Me.
eral ponds, viz
Bog, Fish and Loon
ponds.
There are many elevations,
Washington co.
This town is
of which Kinsman's mountain is the source of a branch
of the Matthe most considerable.
In the N. tawamkeag and of a branch of the
part of the town are two large gulfs, Meduxnekeag, flowing
into the St.
made by an extraordinary discharge John's. It lies 8 miles S. W.
from
of water from the clouds in 1774. Houlton.
Population, 1837, 208.
numerous "slips," as they are Wheat crop same year, 2,514
bushcalled, from the mountain are wor- els.
Incorporated, 1836.
thy of notice.
They commence
liisboii, Me.
near the summit of the mountain,
and proceed to its base, forcing a
Lincoln CO. Lisbon lies on the
passage through all obstructions. E. side of Androscoggin
river, and 6
The soil here is poor. Wild ani- miles below Lewiston Falls. There
mals, such as bears, raccoons, foxes, are falls in the river at
ship 70 miles
:
;
The
this place,
sables, otters, deer, &c., are
very
numerous. Lincoln was granted in
1764, to James Avery and others.
Population, 1830, 50.
called the
"Ten
mile falls.'" Lisbon has some manufactures of cotton and wool, a number of saw mills,
and is united with Durham by a
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Wheat crop 1837, 3,781
bridge.
Population, same year,
bushels.
It lies 30 miles S. S. W.
2,660.
from Augusta, and 22
from Wiscasset.
liislbou,
W. by N.
ted 10 miles S. W. from Gardiner,
and the source of some of the Cobbesseecontee waters. Litchfield lies
W. from Augusta, and
formerly a part of Lincoln
Incorporated, 1795. Popcounty.
16 miles S. S.
was
N. H.
20 miles N. E.
Grafton co.
from Haverhill, and 90 from ConIt is
watered by Amonoosuck river, running through the
Avhole extent of the town, and by
ulation, 1837, 2,341.
Wheat
crop,
same year, 5,123 bushels.
liitclxfield,
N. H.,
It is
cord,
Hillsborough co., is a small fertownship on the E. bank of
tile
There
several smaller streams.
are several ponds, the most noted
of which is called Mink pond, lying in the S. part of the town, af-
Merrimack river. It is 8 miles E.
from Amherst, and 30 S. by E. from
Concord. This town has an excel:There are two ferries,
lent soil.
fording mill seats at its outlet. The
soil admits of three divisions; the
meadows or intervales on Amonoosuck river, which are generally
very productive; the plain land, of
a light, thin soil, requiring consid-
above.
Thornton's, near the meeting house,
on the post road from Amherst to
Portsmouth; and Read's, 3 miles
Litchfield was taken from DunIt was originally
1734.
known by the Indian name of JVatticott, and by the English one of
stable in
manure to make it producand the uplands, of a strong
Farm. The settlement
deep soil, which afford many good Brentoii's
commenced about 1720.
is the
Blueberry mountain
farms.
The Hon. Wysemaint Clagett
Large quanprincipal elevation.
He
town.
and limestone are closed his life in this
tities of iron ore
was a native of England, came to
Maple sugar is manfound here.
country before the revolution
ufactured and clover seed is raised this
This commenced, and sustained several
in considerable quantities.
He was attorneyoffices.
town was called Concord until 1824. important
general under the provincial and
Population, 1830, 1,485.
state governments, and filled the
Ltisbon, Ct.
office with dignity and honor. Poptown is 7 ulation, 1830, 505.
New London co. This
miles N. from Norwich, from which
liitcliSeld County, Ct.
erable
tive
;
'
It is waterwas taken in 1786.
ed by Quinnebaug and Shetucket
it
rivers,
which unite
in the S. part
The soil is a gravelof the town.
ly and sandy loam, with some allu-
This
Litchfield, county town.
the largest and most elevated
county in the state. The surface
is
parts mountain-^
chiefly a gravelly"
loam, under good cultivation, and
very productive of butter, cheese,
beef and pork. It abounds in iron
is
hillV
an excellent
the inhabitants are
generally industrious and independent. In that part of the town called Hanover, is a woolen and silk
Lisbon is 45 miles S. E.
factory.
from Hartford. Population, 1830,
ore,
vial
meadow.
farming town
is
:
1,161.
liitclifield,
Me.
An
excellent
township of land, pleasantly situa-
Kennebec
co.
and
The
ous.
This
which
in
some
soil is
is
extensively manufac-
tured. This county contains an area
Population,
of 885 square miles.
1820, 41,267; 1830, 42,855; containing 48 inhabitants to a square
This county is watered by
numerous ponds; by the beautiful
Ho'usatonick, and by many rivers
mile.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
rising in the high grounds.
streams give a valuable v/ater
The Tom
pow-
and nourishing manufacturing
establishments are found in almost
every town. The number of sheep
in this county, in 1S37, was 72,832.
er,
was incorpoi-ated
bounded N.by Berkshire county, Mass., E. by HartLitchfield county
in 1751.
It is
New
ford and
Haven counties, S.
the counties of
Haven and
Fairtield, and W. by the state of
New
by
New
York.
liitcliileld, Ct.
Litchfield co., chief town.
This
the Indian Bantam, comprising, as it was supposed, ten miles
square, was valued at £300 in the
year 1718. Bantam was first settled in 1720, and incorporated by
its present name in 1724.
It was
a frontier town for many years, and
during the wars between England
town,
and France was much harassed by
the Canadians and Indians.
Litchfield is an elevated township, and
its
surface
presents a diversity of
and valleys. The soil is a gravelly loam, deep, strong, and admirably adapted for grazing. Great
pond is a beautiful sheet of water
it comprises an area of 900 acres,
and is the lai-gest pond in the state.
hills
The v/aters of the Naugatuck,
Shepung and Bantam give the town
a good water power, and manufactuj-es of cotton, wool, ii'on, and other articles are in successful operation on their banks.
Li icii field village, on " Litchfield
Hiii," was incorporated in 1818. It
is a delightful place.
It is situated
on an elevated plain, surrounded by
iu'cj-esling scenery,
teu ive prospects.
and affords ex-
The two
prin-
each other nearly
at ria;ht angles ; they are wide, well
shaded, and built upon with great
taste and elegance.
It lies 30 miles
W. from Hartford, and 35 N. W.
from New Haven. Population of
the town, 1830, 4,458.
In the W. part of the town Mount
cipal streets cross
rears a front of 700 feet ahovo
the Naugatuck, presenting a panoramic landscape of great beauty and
Near this mountain
vast extent.
is a mineral spring " which is satuThe
rated with iron and sulphur.
water issues from the E. side of the
mountain inconsiderable quantities.
The mud fi-om the bottom of the
spring burns with a blue flame, and
the principal part of it consumes."
law school of great respectability was established in this town,
by the Hon. Tapping Reeve, in
1784.
The Hon. James Gould
was associated with Judge Reeve,
This
as inst)-uctor, for some years.
A
institution continued
nearly thirty
years, and furnished instruction to
many of our most eminent jurists.
Oliver Wolcott, one of the
signers of the Declaration of Independence, resided here. He was
the son of the Hon. Roger Wolcott.
He died December 1, 1797, aged
72.
He was distinguished for integrity, decision of character, and
for his love of order and religion.
Oliver Wolcott, son of tlie
born in 1760.—
he lent his aid to
he was
the cause of his country
present in the engagement with the
British at the time of their invasion
preceding, was
When
a lad of 17,
:
of Danhury.
On the formation of
the U. S. Government, in 17S9, he
was appointed first auditor of the
treasury ; arud in 1794 he succeeded
Gen. Hamilton as secretary of the
treasury.
In 1317 he was elected
governor of Connecticut, which ofHe was the
fice he held till 1827.
last survivor of the administration
He died in
of Washington.
York, June 2d, 1833, aged 74.
New
Benjamin Tallmage, a
colo-
nel in the revolutionary army, was a
He was an
resident of this town.
ardent patriot and sincere christian.
He was honored with the confidence
of Washington in several hazirdHo died
ous and important trusts.
at Litchfield, March 7, 1835, aged
'
81.
•
'
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Ethan Allen, a brigadier-general in the
American
service, dis-
tinguished for his daring and intrepid spirit, was a native of this town.
" While he was young, his pa-
At
rents emigrated to Vermont.
the commencement of the disturbances in this territory, about the
year 1770, he took a most active
part in favor of the Gi-een Mountain boys, as the settlers were then
called, in opposition to the government of
York. An act of
outlawry against him was passed by
that state, and 500 guineas were offered for his apprehension but his
New
:
party was too numerous and faithful to permit hira to be disturbed by
any apprehensions for his safety.
In all the struggles of the day he
was successful
and he not only
proved a valuable friend to those
whose cause he had espoused, but
;
he was humane and generous towards those with whom he had to
contend.
When
called to take the
he showed himself an able
leader and an intrepid soldier.
" The news of the battle of Lexington determined Col. Allen to engage on the side of his country, and
field,
inspired him with the desire of demonstrating his attachment to liberty
by some bold exploit. While his
mind was in this state, a plan for
taking Ticonderoga and
by
Crown Point
which was formed by
several gentlemen in Connecticut,
was communicated to him, and he
readily engaged in the project.
surprise,
Receiving directions from the genassembly of Connecticut to
raise the Green Mountain boys, and
conduct the enterprise, he collected
230 of the hardy settlers and proceeded to Castleton. Here he was
unexpectedly joined by Col. Arnold, who had been commissioned
by the Massachusetts committee to
raise 400 men, and effect the same
object, which was now about to be
accomplished. As he had not raised the men, he was admitted to act
as an assistant to Col. Allen.
They
eral
reached the lake opposite Ticonderoga on the evening of the 9th of
May, 1775. With the utmost difficulty boats were procured, and 83
men were landed near the garrison.
The approach of day rendering it
dangerous to wait for the rear, it was
determined immediately to proceed.
The commander in chief now addressed his men, representing that
they had been for a number of years
a
scourge
famed
to
arbitrary power, and
and concludpropose to
advance before you, and in person
conduct you through the wicket
gate; and you, who will go with
for their valor,
ed with saying,
'
I
now
me voluntarily in this desperate attempt, poise your firelocks.'
At
the head of the centre file he
marched instantly to the gate, where
a sentry snapped his gun at him,
and retreated through the covered
way he pressed forward into the
fort, and formed his men on the
parade in such a manner as to face
:
two opposite barracks. Three huzawaked the garrison. A sentry,
zas
who asked quarter, pointed out the
apartments of the commanding officer and Allen with a drawn sword
over the head of Capt. De la Place,
who was undressed, demanded the
surrender of the fort.
By what
authority do you demand it ?' inquired the astonished comm.ander.
I demand it (said Allen) in the
name of the great Jehovah and of
;
'
'
the
continental
summons could
and the
congress.'
The
not be disobeyed,
with its very valuable
49 prisoners was immediately surrendered.
Crown Point
was taken the same day, and the
capture of a sloop of war, soon afterwards, made Allen and his brave
party complete masters of Lake
Champlain."
Gen. Allen possessed strong powers of mind, but they never felt the
fort,
stores and
Though
influence of education.
he was brave, humane and generous, yet his conduct does not seem
to have been much influenced by
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
considerations respecting that holy
and merciful Being, whose character and whose commands are disclosed to us in the scriptures."
Gen. Allen died at Colchester,
Feb. 13, 17S9, aged 52.
liittle
Androscoggin River,
In Maine, has its sources in ponds
in the towns of Woodstock, Greenwood, and Norway: it passes in a
southeasterly direction through Oxford, and falls into the Androscoggin between Minot and Danville,
opposite to Lewiston.
liittle
Conipton, R.
I.
Newport co. This very pleasant
town, the Indian Seacoymet, lies on
the ocean, at the eastern entrance
into Narraganset bay, 9 miles E. by
N. from Newport, 30 S. S. E. from
Providence, and 12 S. from Fall
River, Mass. The soil of the town
is uncommonly fertile, and being
cultivated by an industrious class
of men, is very productive of corn
beef, pork, butand other grain
ter, cheese, and wool.
Seaconnet Rocks, at the southeastern extremity of the town,
where a break-water has been
erected by government, is well
known to sailors, and memorable as
;
the place where a treaty was made
between the English and the Queen
of the powerful Seaconnet tribe, in
That tribe is now extinct:
1674.
Seaconnet Mocks is their only mon-
ument.
Little
Compton
is
becoming
cel-
ebrated as a place of resort, in summer months, for sea air and bathing; and very justly so, for very
few parts of our coast exhibit a
more interesting
liittle
Macliias
L.ittle
Rivers.
See Cutler.
liittlcton, N.
extending the whole length of Littleton, runs in foaming waves for
miles together, which render it impossible to ascend or descend with
boats in safety.
There are three
bridges over the Connecticut in Littleton.
Amonoosuck river waters
the S. part, having on its banks small
The
tracts of excellent intervale.
principal village is o-n this river, in
the S. part of the town, and is called
Glynville. Raspberry, Black, Palmer's and Iron mountains are the
Near
most prominent elevations.
Amonoosuck river, there is a mineral spring, the water of which is
said to be similar to the Congress
spring at Saratoga. The land comprehending Littleton was tirst granted in 17(54, by the name of Chiswick.
It w^as re-granted in 1770,
by the name of ^/)^/jorf). In 1784,
Apthorp was divided, and the towns
of Littleton and Dalton incorporated.
Population, 1830, 1,435.
liittleton,
n.
Grafton co. On Connecticut rivIts extent on Connecticut river
er.
It is 30 miles
is about 14 miles
Mass.
Middlesex co. The Indians called this town JVashahah.
It is 27
miles W. N. W. from Boston, and
Incorpo10 N. W. from Concord.
rated, 1715. Population, 1837, 876.
There are several beautiful ponds
The
in the town, and limestone.
soil is tolerably good, and adapted
for the growth of rye and hops.
There are some manufactures of
boots, shoes, and straw bonnets.
liivermore, Me.
Oxford
location.
«S&
N. by E. from Haverhill, and 80
N. N. W. from Concord. Connecticut river, in passing down the
rapids called Fifteen Mile FallSf
CO.
An
excellent town-
ship of land, on both sides of the
Androscoggin river, 25 miles W.
from Augusta, and 18 N. E. from
Incorporated, 1795.
PopParis.
ulation, 1830, 2,456; 1837, 2,631.
There are three pleasant villages
in the town, fine falls on the river,
saw
mills
and other manufactures.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Wheat
crop of 1837, 8,472 bush-
els.
liOiidouderry, N.
II>
Rockingham co. Adjoining the
E. line of the county of Hillsborough. This town contains very little waste land, and it is believed,
has as extensive a body of fertile
soil as any town in the E. section
of the state.
It lies 25 miles S. S.
E. from Concord, and 35 S. W. from
Population, in 1830,
Portsmouth.
1,4G9.
Londonderry, which formerly included the present town of Derry,
was settled in 1719, by a colony of
Presbyterians, from the vicinity of
the city of Londonderry, in the N.
of Ireland, to which place their ancestors had emigrated about a cenThey
tury before from Scotland.
were apart of 120 families, chiefly
from three parishes, who with their
New
religious instructors came to
England in the summer of 1718.
In October, 1718, they applied to
the government of Massachusetts
for the grant of a township, and
received assurances that a grant
should be made them when they
should select a place for its location.
After some time spent in viewing
the country, they selected the tract
afterwards composing the town of
Londonderry,
at first
known by
the
name
of JWitfield.
In 1719, sixteen families, accompanied by Rev.
James McGregore, one of the clergymen who had emigrated from
Ireland with them, took possession
of the tract, and on the day of
their arrival attended religious services and a sermon under an oak
on the east shore of Beaver pond.
The
inhabitants of Londonderry in
1720, purchased the Indian title,
and although it was long a frontier
town, were never molested by the
Indians.
They introduced the culture of the potatoe, a vegetable till
then unknown in New England,
and the manufacture of linen cloth,
which, though long since declined,
was for many years a considerable
source of their early prosperity.
Rev. Matthew Clark, second minister of Londonderry, was
a native of Ireland, Avho had in
early life been an officer in the
army, and distinguished himself ia
the defence of the city of Londonderrv, when besieged by the army
of King James II. A. b.,16SS-9.
He afterwards relinquished a military life for the clerical profession.
He possessed a strong mind, mai-ked by a considerable degree of ecHe died January 25,
centricity.
1735, and was borne to the grave,
at his particular request, by his former companions in arms, of wiiom
there were a considerable number
among the early settlers of this
town several of whom had been
made free from toxes throughout
the British dominions by King William, for their bravery in that memorable siege.
company of 70 men from this
town, under the command of Capt.
George Reid, were in the battle of
Breed's hill, and about the same
;
A
number were
ton, in
in that at Benningwhich Capt. David M'Clary,
one of their citizens, a distinguished and brave officer, was killed.
Major-general John Stark and Col.
George Reid,
officers
of the revolution,
this
of the
army
were natives of
town.
liOiidonderry, Vt.
Windham
though
this
co.
W^cst river passes
town and receives sev-
The
land on
the
uplands are good for grazing, except those parts that are mountainFirst settled, 1774.
Populaous.
tion, 1830, 1,302.
It lies 28 miles
S. W. from Windsor, and 30 N. E.
eral tributaries in
the streams
is
it.
rich and fertile
;
from Bennington.
liOiig Island Soiuid.
This inland sea washes the whole
southern boundary of Connecticut,
and is formed by Long Island, in the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
of New York.
This island
extends from Montauk Point, off
Stonington, to tlie harbor of New
York.
Its
length is 120 miles.
The widest part, 20 miles, is off
New Haven; the nariowest parts,
on the border of New England, are
off the mouth of Connecticut river,
about S miles, and off Greenwich,
state
Saw
or
Pits, 7 miles.
is
a
narrow
— 68 —
:
to
strait of difficult
the
London harbor, 8--76
:
mouth of New
— to the mouth
—
New
:
—
6—132 ;— to Norwalk, S— 140
to Greenwich, or Saw Pits, 15
15ii :— to Throg's Point, 14—169 :—
:
—
—
—
Hurl Gate, 6 175
to New
York, 8 miles, making the distance
from Providence to New York, by
water, 183 miles.
As
:
the rail-road from Boston to
Albany, although in good progress,
is not completed; and as many of
our friends
at the north visiting the
interior of the state of
York
find it more agreeable to pass
New
Long and New through the city
At half tide the up the Hudson
New
of
York
river, rather
current runs 7 or 8 miles an hour.
It contains
numerous whirlpools,
is
rocky and bears a threatening aspect; but good pilots navigate it
with ease when the tide is favorable.
Steam-boats press through at
Through this
times of tide.
passage a vast amount of the productions of Connecticut and Rhode
Island pass to New York market.
survey for a ship canal, uniting
these waters and Narraganset bay
with Boston harbor, was commenced by the government of the UniFrom a tide
ted States in 1827.
lock at Braintree, in Boston harbor,
to a tide lock at Somerset, Mass.,
on Taunton river, the distance is 36
all
A
The summit
miles.
level
at
is
Randolph, Mass., 1.34 feet above
high water mark at Boston. A ship
canal in this direction, or one across
Cape Cod, at Sandwich, would save
many lives, and a vast amount of
property.
Some of the distances from Providence, and along the northern coast
of this Sound, to the city of New
York, are here given.
From Providence to Newport, 30
miles:
41
to Judith Point, 11
to the mouth of Stonington har-
—
—
:
:
bor,
passage between
Islands.
—
of Connecticut river, 13 89
to
the mouth of
Haven harbor,
27— 116:— to Stratford Point, 10—
126
to the mouth of Fairfield har-
to
This Sound, as far as Hurl Gate,
is navigable for vessels of any burthen, and the passage to and from
the sea round Montauk, is remarkably easy at any time of tide, and
in all weather.
See Judith Point.
Hurl Crate, sometimes called Hell
Gate, but properly Horll Gatt,
a Dutch term, signifying a whirlpool,
bor, 27
York and
than
cross the country, we think it may
be useful to give some of the distances on that noble river, from the
city of
York to the city of
New
Troy.
Note.
— w. denotes
zvest side, e.
east side.
New
From
2 miles
8 :— to
:
—
York
to
Hoboken,w.
Manhattanville, e. 6
Fort Lee, w. 2—10 :— to
to
King'sBridgc,3— 13:— (The
Palisadoes, perpendicular cliirs of great
elevation, on the west bank of the
commence at Hobcken, and
extend 20 miles to Tappan bay) to
Fort Independence, e. 2 15:
to
Tarrytown, e. 12—27 :— to Sing
Sing, e. 5—32 :— to Stony Point
light-house, w. 8
40
to Fort
Fayette, Verplanck's Point, e. 1
Dunderburgh Mountain,
to
41
(Here
w. and Peekskill, e. 2 43
river,
— —
—
:
—
:
—
— —
celebrated
:
we
enter
the
justly
Highlands, pronounced by every
honest Yankee to be equal if not
superior to any scenery of the kind
in his own country) to St. Anthony's Nose, e. and Foi-ts Montgome46
to ButI'y and Clinton, w. 3
to West
termilk Falls, w. 4 50
Point Fort Putnam, w. 2 52:
to West Mountain, w. and Cold
— —
— —
—
:
:
—
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
4 — 5S —
Newbui-o-h,
— Hamburgh, 7
4 — 72:
Poughkeepsie,
68: —
Spring,
w.
5
e.
61
:
to
:
e.
to
e.
to
to
Hyde
Park,
e.
9— SI :— to Lew-
is' Landiag, e. and Esopus, w. 5
86: to Kingston Landiag, w. and
Rhiiiebeck Landing, e. 4 90
to Upper Red Hook Landing, e. and
Ulster, w. 11—101 :— to ^Catskill
Landing, w. 9 110: to Hudson,
and Athens, w. 6 116:— to
e.
124
Cox-sackie Landing, w. 8
127:
to Kinderhook Landing, e.3
the
to
to Ccemans,
w. 5 132
141 :^—
Overshiugh, (sand bars) 9
144:
to Troy,e.
to Albany, vv. 3
6
150.
The whole distance from
Boston to Troy, by this ro.ite, is 357
—
—
—
:
—
—
—
—
— —
—
— —
:
:
—
miles.
At Catskill Landing, visitors to
Pine
the Catskill mountains stop.
Orchard Hotel, a splendid building,
This Mountain
is 12 miles distant.
House is 2,274 feet above the tide
few yeai-s ago
of the Hudson.
this enchanting spot wa::'. a wilderness.
A
" From
this
lofty
eminence
all
inequalities of surface are oveilookseemingly endless succesed.
farms
sion of woods and waters
and villager, towns and cities, are
spread out as upon a boundless map.
Far beyond rise the Taakannuc
/nountains, and the highlands of
A
—
Conn ;>.cticut and Massachusetts. To
the Ijft, and at a still greater distance, tiie Green mountainsof Vern:ont stretch away to the north, and
their blue summits and the blue sky
The beautiful
mingle together.
Hudson, studded with islands, appears narrowed in the distance,
with steam-boats almost constantly
in sight; while vessels of every
description, spreading their white
canvas to the breeze, are moving
rapidly over its surface, or idly
loitering in the calm.
These may
be traced to the distance of nearly
seventy miles with the naked eye
and again at times all below is enveloped in dark clouds and rolling
;
19
which, driven about by the
is constantly assuming new,
wild, and fantastic forms.
From
the Pine Orchard a ride or walk of
a mile or two brings you to the
mist,
wind,
Kauterskill falls.
Here the outlet
of two small lakes leaps down a
perpendicular fall of 130 feet then
glides away through a cliannel
woi-n in the rock, to a second fall
of 80 feet.
Below this it is lost in
the dark ravine through which it
finds its WAj to the valley of the
Catskill."
—
Troy
is
a beautiful city.
It lies
on the east side of Hudson river,
in the county of Rensselaer, New
York, at the head of navigation,
and at the junction of the northern
and western canals with that noble
river.
The city is on an elevated
plain, regularly laid out
the streets
are wide and well shaded
the
buildings are uniformly neat, and
many of them in a style of superior
elegance.
St, Paul's churcii, and
the new Presbyterian, are splendid
edifices, and di'^^play great taste in
their construction.
The city of Troy is abundantly
:
:
supplied with excellent water froiu
the neighboring hills, at an expense
of $150,000.
The source of the
water is 75 feet above the level of
the city.
At the corner of every
street are hydrants, and a hose placed on these sends the water up
higher and with greater force than
a fire engine.
The squares and private gardens
are ornamented with perpetual water fountains.
In JVashington Square
is
an Ital-
ian marble fountain, chaste and classic in its construction, in the centre
of the city.
It sends up the witer
ten or fifteen feet, and in its descent
resembles the weeping willow
This sianificant emblem of purity
gives this beautiful square an addi-
—
tional
charm.
Two
streams, affording
immense
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
empty
the
of the
city, and one of them rolls down a
beautiful cascade, a short distance
from Washington square ; an object worthy of a visit from the curi-
water
facilities,
Hudson within
the
into
limits
ous traveler. These streams move
the machinery of numerous mills.
About a quarter of a mile from
the centre of the city, Mount Ida
rears its head three or four hundred
feet in height, from whose summit
every building in the city, 4he
windings of the canals and river,
the foaming of the Mohawk, and
the neighboring towns of Albany,
Vfaterford, and Lansingburgh, are
Troy in 1821, since which time a
commodious building, on a pleasant site, has been erected, 130 feet
The number of scholarg
by 40.
They come
varies from 200 to 275.
from every state in the union, the
Canadas, tiie AVest Indies, and even
from Europe, but chiefly from the
state of New York and New England.
Mrs. Willard's plan of education has received the approbation
distinctly seen.
of some of the wisest men in Europe.
Dr. Combe quotes it, in his
essay on education, with unqualified approbation. This institution is
conducted almost entirely by females it is, in fact, a female college, and many are the degrees of
Troy was incorporated as a vilIt then liad a populage in 1801.
Population, 1810,
lation of 2,000.
In 1S16 it became a city.
3,895.
5,264;" 1825,
1820,
Population,
usefulness conferred by its learned
principal on its numerous and lovely graduates.
The institution is incorporated,
and it cannot fail of receiving the
7,875; 1830,11,405; 1836,13,000.
Troy has risen to its present state
of opulence and population by its
favorable position for trade, but
more especially the enterprize and
economical habits of its people.
Many of the first settlers of Troy
came from New England in humble
Some of those who
circumstances.
thus came have amassed princely
fortunes, and acquired a name more
recent
than gold.
valual)le
Mayor of the city came from the
best
wislies
May
no event occur
A
east as a
day
laborer.
The
late
chief magistrate of the justly styled
" Empire State," a Nev/ Englander,
was found in 1822 soliciting the
patronage of the Trojans as an attorney at law. Troy v/as formerly
called Vanderheyden, in honor of
a worthy Dutchman whose farm
comprised the most compact part of
:
of the community.
to m.ar its prosperity and usefulness.
The traveler will visit the "Fountain City" again, on his way from
Champlain Lake. See Burlington,
Vt., in the Register.
liOng
town
male Seminary must not be omitted
account of the "FounCity," as it is an institution of
rare excellence, conducted by a
lady of extraordinary attainments.
This school was commenced at
in this brief
tain
co.
This
is
a beauti-
on the E.
side of Connecticut river, 97 miles
S. W. by W. from Boston, 5 S. from
Springfield, and 22 N. from HartIncorporated, 1783. Popford, Ct.
ful
vfith a fine soil,
There are
several tanneries in the town, and
some other njanufactures, but the
inhabitants are generally engaged
The Indian
in cultivating the soil.
name of the place was Massacsick.
ulation, 1837, 1,251.
LiOiig I^afee,
the city.
A notice of Mrs.Willard's Fe-
Meadow, Mass.
Hampden
Me.
This is a sheet of water at the
northern part of Piscataquis county,
about 15 miles in length and 2 in
width, which empties by Namjamskillecook river into Temiscouata
lake, the head waters o' Madawas-
ka
river.
It
lies
about 210 miles
N. by E. from Augusta.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
liongPoud, Me.
See Bridgeton.
ILoudou, IV. K.
Soucook river
Merrimack co.
passes from Gilmanton S. through
Loudon, furnishing valuable mill
There is some good inprivileges.
tervale on its borders.
Loudon was
originally a part of Canterbury
was incorporated, 1773.
Loudon
lies 7 miles N. E. from Concord.
Population, 1830, 1,642.
liOvell,
Me.
Oxford CO. This town embraces
Kezer pond, a large sheet of water,
and other ponds whose outlet is into
Lovell
the Saco, at Fryeburgh.
lies 10 miles N. fiom Fryebui-gh,
20 W. S. W- from Paris, and 67 W.
S. W. from Auiiu:^ta.
IncorporaPopulation, 1837, 876.
ted, 1800.
" In this town are Lovell's Falls,
which are an object of great natural curiosity.
Where the water
makes over into the tremendous babelow,
perpendicularly
there is
a chain of eight ponds, partly in
Lovell and partly in Waterford, connected by small natural dams one
or two rods in width, through which
there are sluiceways, which will
admit the passage of a common sail
boat.
The scenery of the mountains and ascending lands in the vicinity is rural and beautiful."
sin
40
feet.
it
falls
Above
tlie falls,
liO-well,
Me.
Formerly called
Huntressville.
Incorporated by its
present name in 1838. " See Down
Penobscot
co.
East."
liowell, Vt.
Orleans
co.
This town was
settled in 1806, and
first
was
called Kelof years.
It
leyvale for a number
lies 36 miles N. from Montpelier,
and 10 S. W. from Irasburgh. Population, 1830, 314.
This "township
is mountainous, and the fountain
head of Missisque river.
liOivell, Mass.
Middlesex co. County town.—
This city, tiie American Manchester, is remarkable for the extent of
its water power, its rapid growth,
and the height to which it has rais-
ed the American character, by the
perfection of its manufactures.
Lowell has risen to eminence by
the remai-kable energy and skill of
a few individuals ; among whom
Patrick T. Jackson, Esq. of
Boston, and the late Kirk BooTj
Esq. were distinguished.
It lies on the S. side of Merri-
mack river, below Pawtucket Falls,
and at the union of Concord river
with the Merrimack.
In 1815, the site where the city
stands was a wilderness, with the
exception of a few lonely dwellings.
In 1824, Lowell, then a part
of Chelmsford, was incorporated as
a town.
In 1835, it became a city.
Lowell is situated 25 miles N. from
Boston, 14 N. N. E. from Concord,
37 N. E. from Worcester, and 38 S.
S. E. from Concoid, N. H.
Population, 1830, 6,474; 1837, 18,010.
The hydraulic power of this place
is produced by a canal, of a mile
and a half in length, 60 feet in
width, and 8 feet in depth, extending from the head of Pawtucket
Falls to Concord river.
This canal
has locks at its outlet into Concord
river
it also serves for the passage
of boats up and down the Merrimack. From this canal, the water
is conveyed by lateral canals to various places where it is wanted for
use, and then discharged, either into the Merrimack or Concord.
The canal is owned by " The
Proprietors of the Locks and Canals
on Merrimack river." This company was incorporated in 1792, and
have a capital of $600,000. They
dispose of lauds and mill privileges,
and own the machine shop, and
carry on the manufacture of machinery.
The first cotton mill at
this place was erected in 1822.
The whole fall of the Merrimack
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
this place is 30 feet, and the breadth, and from 4 to 7 stories in
quantity of water never falls short height.
of 2,000 cubic feet per second,
The Locks and Canals Machine
and is very rarely so low as that. Shop, included among the 23 mills,
This quantity of water is estimated can furnish machinery complete for
to carry 283,000 spindles, with all a mill of 5,000 spindles in four
the preparatory machiner3\
There months, and lumber and materials
is therefore an unimproved water
are always at command, with which
power at this place sufficient to to build or rebuild a mill in that
carry eleven mills of the usual size, time, if required.
When building
making the whole number of mills mills, the Locks and Canals Com89, when all the water is improved. pany employ directly and indirectTlierc are 10 corporations, with a ly fiom a thousand to twelve huncapital siock of $8,250,000
28 mills dred hands.
besides machine shops, print works,
There are also in Lowell 10
&c., all warmed in cold weather by powder mills, a tiour mill, glass
hot air or steam.
works, the Lowell bleachery, flanThere are 150,404 spindles, and nel mills, and manufactoriesof cards,
4,361 looms. There are 51,147,200 whips, planing and reed machines,
yards of cloth manufactured per an- boots, shoes; bras?, copper and tin
num ; 12,220,000 yards dyed and \vares, carriages, harnesses, iron
printed, and 16,161,600 lbs. of cot- castings, &c. &c.
the annual proton used annually, besides a large ceeds of which amount to about
quantity of wool.
$500,000, employing about 2U0
There are annually used in these hands.
manufactoiies, 11,000 tons of AnLowell is finely situated in regard
thracite coal, 4,810 cords of wood, to health
it is surrounded by pleas500,000 bushels of charcoal, 63,489 ant hills and valleys, and seated on
gallons of oil, 510,000 pounds of a rapid stream.
We aie enabled to
starch, and 3,800 barrels of flour state on good authority that 6 of
for starch in the print works and the females out of 10 enjoy better
bleachery.
health than before being employed
The number of females employ- in the mills, and that one half of the
ed in the mills, is 6,295 number of males derive the same advantage.
Total number of
Lowell is very handsomely locatmales, 2,047.
hands, 8,342. The average wages ed
it is laid out into wide streets;
of females per week, clear of board, all the buildings are of recent construction, and in a style of neatness
is ^'1,75; of males, 80 cents per
day, clear of board. The average and elegance.
amount of w^ages paid per ^month
With regard to the future prosis $106,000.
perity of this interesting city, nothThe goods manufactured in these ing need be said to those who know
mills consist of sheetings, shirtings, that it was founded, and is princidrillings, calicoes, broadcloths, cas- pally sustained, by the most emisimeres, carpets, rugs, negro cloth
nent capitalists of Boston a city
machinery for mills, and for en- renowned for its enterprize, wealth,
gines and cars for rail-roads.
The and public spirit.
quality of these goods is generalTo strangers we would say visit
ly superior to those imported.
The it. It is a pleasant ride of about an
annual amount of goods manu- hour from Boston, by the rail-road.
factured by these mills is about Foreigners view Lowell with ad$8,000,000.
miration and every American who
at
:
;
:
:
:
;
;
;
The
mills are built of brick, and
are about 157 feet in length, 45 in
sees it feels proud that such a city
exists on this side of the Atlantic,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
liubec, Me.
Washington
es a
Lubec compris-
co.
township of good land, lying
at the
the surrounding country.
Some
valuable minerals have been discovered here.
northeasterly corner of the
and contains a point of land
extending easterly on which West
liiidloAv,
state,
Quoddy Head
light-house is situated, at the western entrance into
Passamaquoddy bay.
This place
possesses an admirable harbor for
vessels of any draught of water it
is easy of access and never obstructed by ice.
There are also within
the town a number of bays, coves,
and several islands. Grand Menan
stretches off the mouth of the harbor on the E. 5 or 6 miles distant,
and Campo Ballo, another English
island, lies very near and protects
the harbor on the north.
This
town was taken from Eastport in
1811, and contained 3S0 inhabitants. Population, 1820, 1430; 1S30,
2,081; 1S37, 4,161.
Lubec, in common with Eastport,
enjoys a very extensive trade with
the Bay of Fundy and the great
waters of Passamaquoddy bay.
The village, or principal place of
business, is beautifully located on a
point of land jutting out into the
;
it makes a fine appearance,
commands an active trade, and is
harbor
;
flourishing in its navigation and
fishery.
It lies 3 miles S. from
Eastport, 30 E. from Machias, 173
E. by N. from Augusta, and 31 S.
E. from Calais, at the head of navigation on the St. Croix river.
liWdloA^', "Vt.
Windsor
Black and Williams'
town a good water
power.
It is likewise watered by
a number of large ponds well stored with fish.
Ludlow w^as first setCO.
rivers give this
tled in 1784.
It
lies
61 miles S.
from Montpclier, and 18 S. W. from
Windsor. Population, 1830, 1,227.
The town is mountainous, but
contains good land for the grazing
of sheep and other cattle.
The
village is very pleasant, and the
centre of considerable trade with
19*
Mass.
Hampden
co.
This town lies N.
Wilbraham, and is separated from
it
by Chickopee river.
It is 84
miles W. by S. from Boston, and 10
of
N. E. from
Springfield.
Incorporated, 1774.
The Chickopee here
is a large stream, and adds much to
the beauty of the place.
There
are two cotton mills in the town,
and manufactures of palm-leaf hats
and ploughs total value, in one
year, $160,850.
Population, 1837,
i,329.
:
liuuenliurgli, Vt.
Essex CO.
On the west side of
Connecticut river, and watered by
Neal's branch and pond, and Catbow branch
good mill streams.
Some of the land is very good, but
the most of it is stony, appearently
;
—
of diluvial formation, consisting of
rounded masses of granite embedded in clay and gravel.
This is a
good grazing town, and produces
some cattle, and butter and cheese
for market.
First settled about
Population, in 1830, 1,054.
lies 45 miles E. N.
E. from Montpelier, and 8 S. from
Guildhall.
1770.
Lunenbvirgh
liiuieulburgli, Mass.
Worcester co.
The soil of this
town is good, the surface uneven
and watered by some branches of
Nashua river. Considerable amount
of books are printed and bo nd in
this town, and there are souie manufactures of palm-leaf hats, cha'rs,
cabinet ware, leather, boots and
shoes. Lunenburgh is a very pleasant town: 42 miles N. W. from
Boston, and 24 N. from Worcester.
Incorporated, 1728.
Population,
1837, 1,250.
York
CO.
This
is
a pleasanl
�NFAV
town, watered by
which
erapt}'',
some
ENGLA?.^0
several pomb
into the Saco,
generally of good soil, but greatly
diversified in regard to surface
some parts are mountainous and
and others iato the Kenusbunk and
Mousum. It lies 87 miles S. W.
from Augusta, 5 E. from Alfred and
6 N. N. W. from Kennebunk. Pop-
rocky, while others are level, with
large tracts of salt
town
Grafton co. On Connecticut rivThis town is 13 miles above
Haverhill, 9') miles N. N. W. from
Concord. There is one considera-
There are several neat villages in the town, a cotton mill,.
ham's river has
its
2
Lyman's moun-
The N, W. branch
of Burn-
factories,
and about 6,000
Lyme was
first
settled
in
Incorporated, 1667.
It lies
40 miles S. E. from Hartford, and 40
Population,
E. from New Haven.
Its Indian name was
1830, 4,034.
1664.
source fi-om this
T!)ere are several poadi
in the E. part of Lyman, through
the largest of which Burnham's
river has its course. The lower bar
of the Fifteen Mile falls is in this
town. Carleton's falls are several
miles below, and below these is
JYeh antic.
Among
the
settlers
first
Matthew Griswold, the
was
ances-
two governors, and of a numerous and highly respected family
tor of
Stevens' ferry, which communiLyman was
with Barnet.
granted in 1761.
Population, in
1830, 1,321.
in the state.
A
tract of land, once an Indian
reservation, was for some time in
dispute between the town^5 of Lyme
cates
T-S,
woolen
sheep.
mountain.
Tiyme,
is
leges.
er.
tain.
The
meadow.
watered by several streams
and ponds, and the shores on the
sound and river are indented by
small bays and harbors, which afford the town some navigable privi-
ulation, 1837, 1,523.
ble elevation, called
GAZS'TTEE-R.
and New London. It was finally
agreed to settle their respective titles to the land in contioversy, by a
combat between t\v j champions, to
be chosen by each for that purpose.
The combatants were chosen, and
on a day mutually appointed, the
champions appeared in the field,
and fought with their fists till victory declared in favor of each of the
Lyme combatants. Lyme then qui-
11.
Grafton co.
Thi (own is 6 miles
from Orford, and 54 N. W. froin
Concord.
The soil h-ere is similar
to that of other (owns on Connecticut river, with this difference, that
there is a less proportion of intervale, and a less difference betv/een
that directly adjoining the river and
the other parts of the town. There
are three small streams passing
^
S.
etly took possession of the contro-
through Lyme and emptying into
Connecticut river. There are two
verted tract, and has held it undisputed, to the present day.
Deacon Marvin, a large land
holder and an exemplary man, was
exceedingly eccentric in some of
His courtship, it is
his notions.
Having one
said, was as follows:
day mounted his horse, with only a
sheep skin for a saddle, he rode in
front of the house where Betty Lee
small ponds, the largest of which is
called Ports pond. There is a mountain, called Smart's mountain, lying
in the N. E. part of the town.
Lyme was granted 1761. The town
was settled 1764. Population, in
1830, 1,804.
—
Xiymc, Ct.
lived,
and without dismounting re-
New
London co. Lyme is situ- quested Betty to come to him; on
ated at the mouth of Connecticut her coming, he told her that the
river, on the east side, opposite to Lord had sent him there to marry
]
Saybi'ook.
It
ia
^ pleasa&t town.
her,
Betty, without
much
hesi-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
tation, replied.
The
Lord's will be
,
sumpsic and some of
its
tributaries.
Two
done.
The following is on the Deacon's
monument in the grave yai-d, dated,
October 18, 1737.
This Deacon aged 68
on earth from serving
May for a crown no lont^er wait
Lyme's Captain Reynold Marvin.
:
Is freed
liyiideborougli, N. H.
Hillsborough
co.
This town
is
10 miles W. N. W. from Amherst,
and 35 S. S. W. from Concord. It
is an elevated township, having a
con-iderahle mountain which divides it from E. to W.
There is, in
the N. E. part of the town, below
the mountain, a plain, where there
is a small village, pleasantly situatThe
ed near Piscataquog river.
important falls of that river
are in the town, one of 65 feet in
the distance of 30 rods
the other
;
of 18 feet.
These are called Great
and Little Falls, and afford a water
power of great extent.
Agaric
mineral, used for chalk, and a good
substitute for Spanish white, is found
here.
The principal village is very
pleasant and the seat of considerable business.
The scenery about
the
town
esting.
is
picturesque and interis probably no inte-
There
town in the state that contains
more valuable water privileges than
Lyndon.
rior
Ijynii,
Mass.
Essex CO.
Lynn is one of the
most flourishing and beautiful towns
in the state.
soil of this town, though stony, is
It lies on a plain, surdeep and strong. For grazing it is, rounded by rising ground, except
perhaps not exceeded by any town on the east, where it opens to Lynn
The streams are bay, embracing the romantic penin the county.
small, originating principally from insula of JSTahant, with its beautisources in the town, and running ful beach, and Phillips' Point, both
highly esteemed resorts for all classN. and S. from the mountain.
Lyndeborough was originally grant- es of people; the sick, the serious,
ed in 1690.
In 1758, Benjamin and the gay. The soil of the town
Lynde, Esq. of Salem, purchased a is fertile and well cultivated. It is
cou'iiderable part of the township, watered by the river Saugus, the
The
and adjoining lands.
From him, Indian name of the place.
the place, when it was incoiporated town is neatly built on wide and
pleasant streets, and contains a popin 1764, took trie name of LyndeboIt lies 9
ulation of about 10,000.
rough.
It was settled as early as
1750.
On the 15th of Nov., 1809, miles N. E. from Boston, and 5 S.
three children were burnt in a barn, W. from Salem.
Lynn has risen to wealth and
while their parents were attending
importance by the enterprise and
an installation at IVIont Vernon.
—
Population, in 1S30, 1,117.
liyndoii, Vt.
Caledonia co. First settled, 1783.
34 miles N. E. from Montpelier, and 10 N. N. E. from Danville.
Population, 1S30, 1,822.
Lyndon is one of the best townships
in the state
its surface is undulating, with a soil of rich loam, free
from stone, easy to cultivate, and
very productive of wool, cattle,
pork, butter and cheese.
It is admirably well watered by the PasIt lies
:
people, in the manushoes, particularly for
which, more than any other town
in the country, it is justly celebrated.
The manufacture of ladies'
shoes was commenced here before
the revolutionary war, and it is curious to observe the great changes
that have occurred in the fashion
industry of
facture
its
of
and manufacture of that
article.
" In olden times," says the
buryport
Herald, "ladies'
Newshoes
were made in Lynn of common
woolen cloth, or coarse curried
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
leather; afterwards of stuffs such
as cassimere, everlastinp;, shalloon
and russet some of satin and damaskjOthers of satin lasting and florentine.
They were generally cut
with straps, for large buckles,
which were worn in those days by
women as well as men. Ladies'
shoes, 70 years ago, were made
mostly with white and russet rands,
and stitched very fine on the rand
with white-waxed thread.
Some
were made turn pumps and channel
;
making, which was
once a good business, was totally
ruined."
Li the year ending April 1, 1837,
there were manufactured in Lynn
2,543,929 pairs of shoes, and 2,220
pairs of boots, valued at ^1,689,793.
In this manufacture, 2,631 males
and 2,554 females were employed ;
until the heel
total
number, 5,185.
During
that
time the manufacture of vessels,
cordage, tin ware, oil casks, morocco leather and shoe boxes amounted
pumps, all having wooden heels, to $188,409. During the same pecalled cross-cut, cot7imon,3.nd court riod there were 5 vessels employed
heels.
Then the cork, plug, and in the whale and 14 in the cod and
wedge or spring heels, came into mackerel fishery.
Besides this,
use.
The sole-leather was all 4,608,000 pounds of cod, haddock,
worked v.fith the flesh side out.
halibut and other fish were tak" Previous to the war of the revo- en in boats and sold fresh. The tolution, the market for Lynn shoes tal value of the fisheries amounted
was principally confined to New to ^170,320.
Total value of the
England
some few, however, manufactures and fisheries of Lynn,
were exported to Philadelphia. in one year, $2,048,522.
Lynn
Many individuals with small capi- was first settled in 1629 Incorpotal carried on the business in their
rated, 1637.
own families. Fathers, sons, apliysmiield, Mass.
prentices, and one or two journeymen, all in one small shop, with a
Essex CO.
The surface of this
chimney in one corner, formed the tov/n is uneven, and the soil rather
whole establishment.
hard and unproductive. It contains
"After the revolution, the business some good farms, a number of pleasassumed a different aspect. Enter- ant ponds, and is watered by Ipsprising individuals embarked in the wich river on the north.
There is
business in good earnest;
hired a woolen mill in the town, and manufactures of bar iron, ploughs, boots
a great number of journeymen
built large shops, took apprentices, and shoes ; annual value
about
1782.—
and drove the business.
Incorporated,
Master $50,000.
workmen shipped their shoes to Population, 1837, 674.
Lynnfield
the south, so that Lynn shoes took is 12 miles N. from Boston, and 9
the place of English and other im- W. by N. from Salem.
ported shoes.
Morocco and kid
;
Macliias Rivers
began
be imported from England, which
leather, suitable for shoes,
to
soon took the place of stuffs. Roan
shoes were now little called for
and the improvement of working
the sole-leather grain side out, was
now generally adopted, making
what is called dvff bottoms. About
the year 1794, wooden heels began
to go out of use, by the introduction of leather spring heels.
This
improvement progressed gradually,
The
river in
and Bay, Me.
Washington County
formed of two branches, which
receive their head waters from several ponds, at the distance of about
40 miles, in a N. W. direction.
The eastern branch passes through
These branches
East Machias.
unite near the line of Machias and
Machias Port, and in their course
produce a great and valuable hydraulic power.
is
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Machias and
Little
Machias riv-
Penobscot countj^ are important tributaries to the Aroostook.
Their course is easterly, and their
mouths meet near each other about
30 miles W. N. W. from Mars Hill.
Machias Bay sets up from the
sea about 10 miles and meets Machias Port.
This bay is 4 oi- 5 miles
in width at its mouth, and contains
in its bosom several coves, harbors,
and beautiful islands: Cross island
ers, in
lying at
its
mouth
the largest,
is
being about 3 miles by
2.
MacSiias, Me.
Washington co.
County town.
This was a famous lodgement of the
Indians.
First settled, 1782.
was incorporated
the
first
PenoS
in 17S4,
corporate
It
and was
town between
Croix rivers.
It
compri-ed East Machias
cot anil St.
formerly
The village is
Port.
the east side of the
west branch, and near the mouth
of Middle river.
It contains the
county buihiing, numerous saw
mills, and has an extensive trade,
particularly in lumber.
Machias
lies 143 miles E. N. E. from Augusta.
Population, 1837, 1,239. this
is a pleasant and interesting town.
anil
Machias
situated on
Macliias Poi't, Ble.
Washington
Incorporated
co.
3 S. from Machias.
1837, 821.
Mailainiscontis River, Me.,
Rises in a large pond, and empties, from the N. W. into Penobscot
river, about 45 miles above Bangor.
MadaAvaslia River, Me.
This river is in the county of Penobscot, and is the outlet of Temiscouata lake, and other large bodies
of water in the northern part of the
county bordering on the line of
Lower Canada.
This river and
these lakes, with their numerous
tributaries, water a country of great
extent, and which is said to equal
any country in the world in fertility, even the luxuriant prairies of the
" boundless west." The course of
these waters is N. W. and traverse a
distance of more than 100 miles.
From the mouth of Madawaska into the St. John's to Augusta is about
240 miles N. N. E.
Madawaska, Me.
Washington
and
state
miles E. N. E. from Augusta, ?nd
by Dover,
It is
:
—
co.
This town was
incorporated in lS31,and comprises
the territory marked F. and K. on
Greenleaf's map.
It is bounded E.
by the British Province of New
Brunswick, N. near the passage of
St. John's, across the line of the
the southern part of
Old Machias, and extends northward to the union of the branches
of Machias river.
It has a great
number of mills, and is very extensively engaged in the lumber trade.
It is a port of entry
an
it has
excellent harbor, and considerable
navigation in the coasting and fishing business.
The tonnage of the
district in 1837, was 8,360 tons. In
this part of Old Machias the Plymouth Colony established a trading
house in 1630. It was subsequently occupied by the French for several years.
Machias Port lies 146
in 1826.
Population,
;
W. and
fertile territory
S. by a vast and
between the Aroos-
took and St. John's rivers ; at present but thinly inhabited. This town
was the place where the land agents
of Maine were taken, by order of
the British government, and imprisoned at Frederickton, N. B.
In
1837, Madawaska was supposed to
contain a population of 2,487.
It
about 220 miles N. E. by N.
from Augusta, and 130 N. W. from
Frederickton, N. B.
lies
Madlbiiry, N. H.,
Strafford co.,
S.
is
bounded N. E.
W. by Durham and
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Lee, N.
W. by
Barrington.
The About
of this town is generally productive. In some parts of the town,
bog iron ore has been dug up in
considerable quantities, and in some
instances red and yellow ochre.
Bellamay bank river is the only
stream of any magnitude, and Barbadoes pond the only considerable
body of water. This pond lies besoil
tween Dover and Madbury, and
is
120 rods long, 50 wide. Madbury
formerly constituted a part of the
ancient town of Dover; but was set
off and incorporated May 31, 1755,
by its present name. Population,
in 1S30, 510.
Madison, Me.
Somerset co. This township lies
on the E. side of Kennebec river,
34 miles N. from Augusta and
bounded S. by Norridgewock. It
was incorporated in 1804. Population, 1830, 1,272
is
;
1837, 1,608.
It
watered by a beautiful pond, the
outlet of which is at Skowhegan.
There are three pleasant villages in
the people are generalthe town
:
—
husbandmen. The best compliment that can be paid to the soil is,
ly
it produced, without any extraordinary effort, 10,188 bushels of
wheat, in 1837.
that
Madison,
what
Point.
by
S.
is
called
Hammonasset
This town lies IS miles E.
from New Haven, and 33 S.
from Hartford.
Population, 1830,
The soil of the town is
1,809.
stony, and naturally hard to cultivate ; but it is made quite productive of corn, rye and potatoes by the
use of white fish, ploughed in.
These fish appear in the sound about
the 1st of June, and continue 3 or
4 months. They are taken in great
quantities and are considered an excellent manure.
They were
suit.
The Hon. Thomas ChitteivD^N, for many years governor of
Vermont, and
his brother
Ebene-
ZER Chitteivden,
a gentleman
of great mechanical genius, were
The former
natives of this town.
was born in 1730, and died in 1797.
The
following
is
the inscription
on a monument in the grave yard,
in memory of an old sea captain.
Though Boreas'
blasts
and Neptune's
waves
Have toss'd me to and fro,
In spite of both by God's decree
I harbor here below,
Where I do at anchor ride
With many of our fleet j
Yet once again I must set sail
Our Admiral, Christ, to meet.
Mad Rivers.
Mad
River in JV. H., rises
the mountains in the N. E.
part of Grafton county ; it crosses
the S. E. part of Thornton and falls
into the Pemigewasset at Campton.
River, Vt.
rapid stream,
rises in the high lands S. of Warren,
and after passing through
Waitsfield, it falls into Onion river at Moretown.
among
A
Mad
€t.
New Haven co. This town was
taken from Guilford in 1826. It lies
on Long Island Sound, and embraces
10,000 of these fish are considered a good dressing for an acre
of land.
This place has a small harbor and
some navigation. Ship building is
the most important mechanical pur-
Madrid, Me.
Franklin co. This township was
incorporated in 1836. It is watered
by some of the head branches of
Sandy river and contains a part of
Saddleback mountain. The soil is
excellent and yielded, in 1837,
3,387 bushels of wheat. PopulaIt lies 25
tion same year, 351.
miles N. W, from Farmington and
about 105 N. W. from Augusta.
Maduiiliccunk liiver. Me.
first
thus used about the year 1798.
Penobscot
co.
A
tributary of
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the Penobscot on the W. side, about
6 miles above the Madamiscontis.
a pleasant pond and by Paul's
stream. It has some good land, but
most of it is poor. First settled,
Slaidstoiie, Vt.
1770.
Population, 1S30, 236.
It
Essex CO.
This mountainous lies 54 miles N. E. from Montpelier,
township lies on the W. side of and 8 N. from Guildhall
Connecticut
rivei-
:
it is
watered by
MAINE.
This State was originally granted by James
I. to the Plymoufh Compawas transferred to Mason and Gorges in 1624
This grant comprised all the territory between Merrimack river and Sagadahock. The territory was afterwards purchased by Massachusetts for
ny, in 1606, by
d£l,250,
who
whom
it
obtained a confirmalioa of the charter in 1691, with the ad-
Maine and Kova
dition of the residue of
called the Province of
This
state,
New
a
what
is
now
formerly the District of Maine, became independent of
By
Massachusetts in 1S20.
vested in
Scotia, including
Brunswick.
the Constitution, the legislative
power
13
Senate and House of Representatives, elected annually by
the people, on the second
ators cannot
Monday
in
September.
be less than 20, nor more than 31.
The number of SenThe number of Repre-
No town
more than 200.
more than seven Representatives.
sentatives cannot be less tlian 100, nor
Is entitled to
The executive power
is
vested in a Governor,
who
is
or city
chosen annually
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
—
His ofBcial term
by the people, on the second Monday in September
commences on the first Wednesday in Januar5^
The Legislature meets at Augusta, on the first Wednesday in January, annually, on which day seven Counsellors are elected, by joint bal:
both Houses,
lot of
The
Governor
to advise the
in his executive duties.
Supreme Judicial Court,
may, from time to time, establish.
The Judges are appointed by the Governor and Council, and hold
their oiilces during good behavior, but not beyond the age of 70 years.
The state of Maine is bounded northv/est and north by Lower Canada,
east by New Brunswick, south by the Atlantic ocean, and west by New
Hampshire. It is situated between 43° 5', and 4S° 3' N. lat. and 70°
judicial
power of the
and such other courts
55',
and 6Q^ 47'
The
W.
state is vested in a
as the Legislature
Ion.
It contains
surface of the state
is
an area of about 33,000 square
diversified
by
hills
A
and valleys.
railes.
on
tract
the west side cast of the white mountains, and a part of the north bound-
ary
est
is
The high-
mountainous, though not of extraordinary elevations.
mountains
The range
lie in
detached groups, but they are not numerous.
which
of high land
crosses
Vermont and
New
Hampsiiii-e,
enters the northwest corner of Maine, passing round Chaudiere river
and the head waters of Megantic lake,
parallel with the St.
Lawrence
in
Canada, and running nearly
river, at the
distance of about twenty
miles, terminates on tiie gulph of St. Lawrence, near Cape Rosier.
This is the " Height of Land" or the " North East Ridge," spoken of
in
the treaty of 1733, between Great Britain and the United States, and
which was never called in question until 1814, when the British plenipotentiaries at Ghent proposed to the American Commissioners to discuss
and revise the boundary, so as
They
to
prevent future uncertainty and dispute.
between Quebe-c
Americans to demand an equivalent. This
proposition was refused by the Americans, on the ground that there was
stated that they desired a direct com.municaiion
and Halifax, and
left it to
no question in regard
the
to the limits of their territory.
ritory," so called, includes
The "
disputed ter-
most of the country north of latitude 46°,
in-
New
Hampshire, and most of that large and valuable
portion of ]Maine watered by the Madawaska, St. John's, Y/alloostook,
cluding a part of
Aroostook, and other rivers.
This question involves
nearlj''
the territory of the state.
In the 2d article of that treaty are the follov/ing words
all
:
a third part of
— " Jlnd
tJuit
disputes which might arise in future, on the subject of boundaries
of the United Slates, may he prevented, it is hereby agreed and declared that the following are, and shall be, their boundaries, viz from the
t
northwest angle of A^ova Szotia, (New
that angle
which is formed by a line drawn due north from the source of St. Croix
Brunswick) viz
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
along the said highlands which divide those rivriver St. Lawrence from those which
ers that empty themselves into the
the northwesternmosthead of the Connecfall into the Atlantic ocean, to
river to the highlands
;
ticut river."
" Our commissioners at Ghent, having successfully resisted every attempt
agreed upon an article with the British
for the dismemberment of Maine,
treaty boundary,
commissioners, not to revise or to change the ancient
ground that very boundary, without
but to run and estoblish upon the
any
alteration,
and
to ascertain
"the northwest angle
the
fifth in
Nova Scotia;"
Under it,
of
the treaty.
place of beginning. This article is
These commissioners disagreed.
each party appointed^ a commissioner.
to the King of the
According to the treaty, the question was then referred
rejected by the United States,
Netherlands, as umpire, whose award was
according to the
because it did not even profess to decide the controversy
compromise, by a division of the
terms af the submission, but proposed a
its
Great Britian has also since anat the end of more
nounced her abandonment of this award; and now,
treaty of 1783, the quesof the
than half a century after the conclusion
involve the two nations in
only remains unsettled, but threatens to
tion not
disputed territory between the parties.
a dangerous dispute.
" The northwest angle
of
Nova
Scotia
was
a well
known
point, capa-
since the proclamation of 1763, by
ble of being easily ascertained, ever
source of the St. Croix, to insimply running a due north line from the
Province of Quebec, which consists of
tersect the southern line of the
extremity of the bay of Chaleur,
the highlands running from the western
those rivers that empty
head of Connecticut river, and dividing
to the
themselves into the river
St.
Lawrence from
those
which
fall
in o the
of nature, that these highlands,
It is certain as the laws
Atlantic ocean.
be
do flow in opposite directions, can
from tvhich we know that streams
found on the face of the country.
upon the assump" The whole argument of the British government rests
the Atlantic ocean, beinto
is not a river falling
tion that the St. John's
the Bay of Fundy
mouth in the Bay of Fundy. What is
cause it has its
bay is a mere opening of
of the Atlantic ocean ?
if it be not a part
of the uniformity of
into the land-a mere interruption
the main ocean
portions of the ocean
These
indentation of water.
the sea coast by an
A
solely to distinguish
them
fi-om the
have received the name of bays,
Would it not be the
they belong.
remainder of the vast deep to which
of Naples was not a porthat the bay
merest special pleading to contend
part of
or that the
tion of the Mediterranean,
Bay
of Biscay
was not
the Atlantic ocean ?
which
" Again, the description of the treatv U. " nvers
20
a
into the
fall intn tK«»
�NEW ENGLAND
GAZETTEER.
Atlantic ocean."
Can it be said, with any propriety, that a river does
into the Atlantic, because in reaching the
main ocean it may
pass through a bay ? And yet this is the British
argument.
not
fall
The Dela-
ware does not fall into the Atlantic, because it flows into it
through the
bay of Delaware; and, for the same reason, the St. John's
does not fall
into the Atlantic, because it flows into it through
the bay of Fundy."
It is ardently wished that this perplexing
controversy may soon be amicably settled between two friendly powers, whose
interests are so closely
united.
This will probably be the event.
dicate her rights, and the
Maine
is
Maine
is
whole country stands ready
determined
to sustain
to vin-
them.
divided into the twelve following counties: York,
land, Lincoln,
CumberKennebec, Waldo, Hancock, Oxford, Somerset, Penobscot,
Washington, Franklin, and Piscataquis.
Succession of Governors.
William King, 1820.
Albion K. Parris, 1821—1825.
E. Lincoln,
1826—1829.
Jonathan G. Hunton, 1830.
Samuel E. Smith, 1831—
1833.
Robert P. Dunlap, 1834—1837.
Edward Kent, 1838. John
Fairfield,
1839—
Succession of Chief Justices.
Prentiss Mellen, 1820—1834.
The
soil
of
Maine
is
various.
Nathan Weston, 18-34—
For some miles from the sea coast
rocky, sandy or clayey, with some
least productive part of the state.
fertile portions
Advancing
;
generally this
is
it is
the
into the interior, the soil
increases in
fertility.
The average quality of the soil is considered to be
not superior to any other portion of New
England.
In some
parts it is not exceeded in fertility by any
section of the Union.
Some
of the most fertile parts of Maine are now
almost a wilderness.
The ability of the soil of Maine to furnish an ample
supply of bread
stuffs, was fully tested in 1837, by the
production of more than a million
bushels of wheat, besides vast quantities of rye
and corn.
equal
if
The natural productions in the state, already known to
exist in exhaustless quantities, are pine and hemlock timber
granite, slate, lime,
;
iron, and all the materials in the composition
of glass.
Of the first
report of the learned and indefatigable Dr.
Jackson, on the geology of
Maine, the celebrated professor Silliman thus speaks
:
" Maine
country chiefly of primary rocks, with a large
division
of those of transition, and towards New
Brunswick it has an important
region of the lower secondary.
Every where it has alluvial and diluvial
deposits, and vast igneous formations, not only
in tlie interior, but formis
a
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEEK.
part of an «m
oeean surge along a consnlerablo
in. a barrier against the
and estuar.es almost beyond
Jnse sea coast, indented as it is by bays
gneiss,
formations of Mame, are granite,
example. Among the mineral
slate and alum
slates, including roofing
mier od talcose: and other
and brecc.ated
limestone and marble, sandstones
e- "so, soaps one,
greenstone
jasper, including the beautiful
iocks'o many varieties;
numerous and
The trap dykes are
porphyry.
tap and its varieties, and
rocks and proc«t through most of the other
"
exceedingly distinct: They
toad.those peculiar effects, which
duceu on them, most distinctly,
is gre tly
Scientific geology
igneous origin.
monst -ation prove their
"""' '"" ""^^""""""'
rdebtel 'o *- -"«y '°' ^°"<' "' "'^
lu'"e d lu
deposits, the boulders and
diluvial
„ thi head while the
inherent in
and
shells now adhering to
fur-ows n the rocks, the sea
twenty-six
coast, although elevated
rl-swhrd once formed the sea
other topics
spnng at Luhec, and many
;::ta:ove ;.,:::: hoard. . ..n
™-'
;
1
geology.
niimtrate other parts of scientific
of the in re^i
his subject, as wel, as
en'irel/master of
'"d 'jac
remarkable for
and his report is
sciences of mineralogy and chemistry,
style.'
and its attractive
^
itc, lucid clearness
. j k„
oil,,
.
The
<'^cn
great nvers, St.
^^°^';
interior, give
^^^^^.^^ i.^cing
tributaries piei^i 5 the
with their numerous
nvei^,
aiA
P^" "^^
the state, afford a water
The celebrated John Sm'th
made
to the
rrv^ooA
pvtpnt and usefulness.
to settle
u
an :l„essful attempt
^f
^^
lfthr:.ls::rr rs'Llttth!
P,ymo:.
co.ony, at V„rk.
^^
;^^^-z::s^:i^
-. ofCmerce, --;;----Lir: ::2
wool
%rfirst
settlers '^
of
in. the
soil for its
Re sister.
ultimate staples,
^heat, beef,
and
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Maiden, Mass.
of Londonderry, a part of Chester,
Middlesex co.
A bridge over and a tract of land called HarryMystic river, 2,420 feet in length, town, and incorporated Sept. 3,
connects this town with Charies- 1751, by the name of Derryfield.
town. It lies 5 miles N. from Bos- This name it retained until 1810,
ton, and 16 E, by S. from Concord. when it was changed to ManchesFirst settled, 1648.
Incorporated, ter, by an act of the legislature.
1649.
Population, 1830, 2,010;
1837, 2,303.
It contains a large
ti-act of salt meadow, and considerable timber.
The uplands are
rough and uneven.
The manufac-
tures of Maiden consist of leather,
boots, shoes, block tin, tin ware'
twine,
lasts, and manufactures of
and dye-wood total amount,
year ending April 1, 1S37,
$351,160.
iron
the
:
The
Hillsborough
11.,
general
Johivt
had his residence in this
town, where he died May 8, 1322,
at the great age of 93 years 8 months
and 24 days.
He was born at
Londonderry, August 28, 1723;
was taken prisoner by the Indians,
while hunting near Baker's river,
Rumney, April 23, 1752.
In
1775, he was appointed a c-olonel of
one of the three regiments raised
in
in
Mancliester, N.
venerable
Stark
New
Hampshire
;
was engaged
on the heights of ChaHestown, June
17, 1775
was at the battle of Trenton, in 1776; captured Col. Baum
and 1,000 of the British at Bennington, August 16, 1777.
This event,
in the language of president
Jefferson, was « the first link in the chain
;
co., lies
on the east
Merrimack river, by which
it is bounded on the W. for
8 miles;
on the N. and E. it is bounded by
Chester, S. by Londonderry and
Litchfield.
There are several of successes
which issued in the
streams which have their origin in
surrender of Saratoga."
He was
this town, and which discharge
soon after appointed
side of
themselves into the Merrimack.
Cohass brook, issuing from Massabesick pond, is the largest.
It receives two other small streams from
the S., and empties itself at the S.
W. angle of the town. Massabesick is a large pond, at the E.
side
of the town, and partly within
its
limits.
There are several smaller
ponds.
The soil of a considerable part of
the town is light and sandy.
The
intervales on the river are easy
af
cultivation, and productive.
a brigadier-
general of the United States army,
and, at the time of his death, was
the only surviving American general officer of the revolution.
ulation, 1830, 887.
Pop-
Mancliester, Vt.
Bennington co.
One of the
county towns.
Situated between
the Green mountains on the E.,and
Equinox mountain on the W. The
latter is 3,706 feet above the
sea.
There are two neat
valley;
villages in this
the county
buildings are
by Amoskeag falls is in the south
village.
The scenein this town, and was projected
and ry here is very beautiful.
The
constructed by the ingenuity and
town is watered by the Battenkill
perseverance of the late Samuel
and its branches, and affords good
The
canal
Blodget, Esq. At these falls are
the
works of the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, where the
foundations of another Lowell
are being
The water power is immense.
This town was formed of a part
laid.
null sites.
The
soil
along the wa-
ter courses is good, but the
principal part of the town is better
for
grazing
than tillage.
Here are
large quarries of beautiful
marble,
some manufactures, a curious cavern, and about 6,000 sheep.
Man-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Chester lies 22 miles N. by E. from
Bennington, and about 40 W. from
Bellows Falls, across the mounFirst settled, 1764.
Poputains.
lation, 1830, 1,525.
Manchester, Mass.
This is a flourishing
Essex CO.
town on Massachusetts bay,
26 miles N. E. from Boston, and 5
It was
S. W. from Gloucester.
Poputaken from Salem in 1645.
There are a
lation, 1837, 1,.346.
fishing
number
of vessels belonging to the
town employed in the fishing and
The value of
coasting business.
the fishery, the year ending April
1, 1837, amounted to $12,800. The
value of the articles manufactur-
ed was $96,473.
Those
articles
consisted of vessels, boots, shoes,
leather, chairs, cabinet ware, palmThe
leaf hats, and ships' wheels.
village is very pleasant, and comAlthough
mands fine prospects.
Manchester is a rocky, rough
township, it can boast a rare native
production in this climate, the
magnolia, a beautiful flowerirg
—
tree.
Maucliester, Ct.
Hartford co. An important manufacturing town on the Hockanum,
a valuable mill stream, 10 miles E.
The first cotton
from Hartford.
mill in this state was built here in
There are three pleasant
1794.
villages, six or seven paper mills,
tvio powder mills, woolen and other
The face of the
manufactures.
town is uneven, but the soil, a sandy
.ind gravelly loam, is quite producIt was called Orford, a partive.
ish in East Hartford, until its incor-
poration, in
1830, 1,576.
1823.
Population,
Manliegin Island, Me.
This island lies off Muscongus
There is a
bay, Lincoln county.
light-house on it, the tower of which
It bears S. from
is 30 feet high.
20*
the
mouth of
St.
George's river,
about 12 miles.
Mansfield, Vt.
Lamoille co.
There is some
good land in this town, on Brown's
river and the branches of Waterbury river, but in general it is too
mountainous even for grazing. It
lies 20 miles N. W. from Montpelier, 20 E. by N. from Burlington,
and 13 S. W. from Hyde Park.—
Population, 1830, 279.
tled, 1799.
First set-
Mansfield Mountains extend
through the town of Mansfield from
N.toS. They belong to the Green
mountain range, and the nose and
chin, so called, from their resemblance to the face of a man lying
on his back, exhibits some of the
loftiest summits in the state.
The
nose is 3,933 feet above tide water
the chin, 4,279.
Mansfield, Mass.
Bristol
CO.
This town
lies
26
miles S. S. W. from Boston, 18 N.
E. from Providence, and 11 N. N.
W. from Taunton. It was taken
from Norton in 1770, and is watered
by several branches of Taunton rivThe soil is thin and the surer.
face level. Population, 1837, 1,444.
There are 6 cotton and 1 woolen
mills in the town, and 2 nail factoThe manufactures consist of
ries.
cotton and woolen goods, nails,
straw bonnets, palm-leaf hats, and
total annual amount, about
baskets
:
$110,000.
A
mine of anthracite coal was
discovered in this town a few years
since, near the Boston and Providence rail road, Avhich promises to
be of inestimable value to the community. It was discovered in digging a well. An incorporated company has purchased the right of
mining on that and several adjoining farms. They sunk a shaft which
struck a vein five feet in thickness,
at the depth of 20 feet, running N.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
to the N.
was continued
E. and S.W., and dipping
W.
The
52°.
shaft
44 feet further, to another vein,
which exceeded 5 feet in thickness,
and which afforded coal of a better
quaUty than that found above.
Subsequent operations have shown
that the veins are numerous, and
the
quantity inexhaustible.
The
coal is of an excellent quality, more
easily broken than the Pennsylvanian, and has less polish on its surface.
Mausfield, Ct.
Tolland co. Mansfield, the Indian JYawhesetuck, was taken from
Windham in 1703. It lies 27 miles
E. from Hartford, 12 S. E. from Tolland, and 19 N. N. W. from Norwich. Population, 1830, 2,661.—
The face of the town is uneven, and
town two cotton factories.
Screw augers and steelyards are
are in the
manufactured here.
Marbleliead, Mass.
Essex CO. This is a noted fishing
town, on a rocky point of land extending into Massachusetts bay,
with a hardy and intrepid crew of
fishermen and sailors. The harbor
is commodious and easy of access.
The quantity of fish exported from
this place in 1794 amounted to
$184,532. Since that time the fishing business has greatly increased,
and this place has now become one
of the largest fishing ports on the
American
coast.
There belong
to
place from 90 to 100 sail of
fishing, coasting and merchant vessels.
Tonnage of the district, in
some of the hills have considerable 1837, 10,037. First settled, 1631.
Population,
The town is watered by Incorporated, 1649.
elevation.
It lies 14 miles N. E.
AVillimantic river, and the Nat- 1837, 5,549.
chaug and its tributaries Mount from Boston, and 4 S. E. from Salem.
The value of the cod and
Hope and Fenton.
larger quantity of silk is man- mackerel fishery the year ending
ufactured here than in any other April 1, 1837, was $153,487; emThis ploying 500 hands. The manufacplace in the United States.
branch o-f industry was introduced tures of Marblehead, the same
The
into the country by Dr. Aspinwall, year, amounted to $398,565.
of this place, above seventy years articles manufactured consisted of
since, who established the raising boots, shoes, bar iron, chairs, cabiof silk worms in New Haven, Long- net and tin wares, vessels, soap,
This is a
Island and Philadelphia. At this pe- glue, cards and wheels.
riod half an ounce of mulberry seed romantic place ; nearly allied to its
only 6 miles
was sent to every parish in Con- neighbor, Nahant
necticut, and the legislature for a across the bay.
this
—
A
;
time offered a bounty on mulberry
265 lbs. were
trees and raw silk
raised in 1793, and the quantity has
been increasing ever since.
In
1830, 3,200 lbs. were raised.
Two
small silk factories have been established in this town by an English
manufacturer, with swifts for winding hard silk ; 32 spindles for doubling ; seven dozens of spindles for
throwing 32 spindles for soft silk
winding and 2 broad and one fringe
—
Margalla^vay River,
K". II.,
:
;
;
silk
and
There is machinery
keep 30 broad silk looms
hands in operation. There
looms.
enough
to
fifty
Has
its
source
among
the high-
which separate Maine from
Low^er Canada, in the N. E. extremity of New Hampshire, about
30 miles N. from Errol. After a S.
lands
course of nearly 20 miles on the
western border of Maine, it enters
New Hampshire at the S. E. part
of the 2d grant to Dartmouth college, where it forms a junction with
the united streams of Dead and
Diamond
rivers.
Thence,
after a S.
course of about 6 miles to Errol,
it
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
receives the
lake.
After
Stream
is
waters of Umbagog
junction the main
this
the Androscoggin river.
Mariaville, Me.
Hancock
co.
This
is
a
townsnip
of good land, finely located on the
E. side of Union river, 8 miles N. by
E. from Ellsworth, and 89 E. N. E.
from Augusta, This town has an
extensive water power and many
saw
mills.
1836.
It
was incorporated
in
Population, 1837, 257.
by Whiting,
Population, 245.
See " Down
Incorporated, 1S34.
East."
Marlborongli, N.
IT.,
bounded N. by
Roxbury, E. by Dublin and Jaffrey,
S. by Troy, W. by Swanzey and
It is 6 miles S. E,
part of Keene.
from Keene, and 55 S. W. from
Concord, There are several ponds
which are the sources of some of
the branches of Ashuelot river.
The
co., is
rocky, but good for grazwas granted,
1751.
The first settlement commenced about 1760. Incorporated
Dec. 13, 1776. Population, in 1830,
822.
soil is
ing.
Marlborough
Marlboroiigli, Vt.
Windham
co. First settled, 1763.
8 miles S. from Newfane,
and 21 E. from Bennington, Population, 1830, 1,218, Mrs. Whittemore, the wife of one of the first
settlers, spent the winter of 1764-5
in this then wilderness, alone, her
husband being absent in the pursuit
During
of his calling, as a tinker.
It
years, officiated as midwife at more
than 2,000 births, and never lost a
patient.
The town
is
well watered by the
of
W. branch
has
Washington co. This township
bounded E. by Edmonds, and S.
Cheshire
to the settlers, both
nurse and a midwife. She possessed a vigorous constitution, and
frequently travelled through the
woods upon snow shoes from one
part of the town to another, both by
night and day, to relieve the disShe lived to the age of 87
tressed.
West river, WhetGreen river. It
stone brook, and
Marion, Me.
is
was very useful
as a
lies
winter she saw no human belittle daughter and
some hunters who happened accithis
ing, except her
dentally to pass that way. She cut
down timber and furnished browse
for their cattle, and thus kept them
alire through the winter. Mrs. W.
a
good soil, and is very producwheat, rye, and other grain,
and potatoes. Here is a pleas-
tive in
Iruit
ant village, several fine trout ponds,
various kinds of minerals and me-
Marlborough sufsome by the Indians, and did
dicinal springs.
fered
much
for
the cause of independ-
ence.
Marlljorougli, Mass.
This is a large
co.
farming town, with a soil of great
fertility and undulating surface.
INIiddlesex
The inhabitants are principally devoted to agricultural pursuits, and
by their industry and skill, have acquired a great degree of independAmong the productions of
ence.
the town, are fat cattle, pork, fruit,
and all the varieties of the dairy a
large amount of which is annually
branch
sent to Boston market.
;
A
of Concord river, and a number of
beautiful ponds, water the town.
The manufactures consist of boots,
shoes, straw bonnets, leather, chairs
and cabinet ware annual amount,
about $75,000. Marlborough, the
Indian Okamakamesit, was first
It was taken from
settled in 1654.
Sudbury in 1660 it suffered much
during the Indian wars, and was
for many years the residence of a
number of Indians who had embraced the christian religion. The
the
villages are very pleasant
richness of the soil, and surrounding scenery its excellent roads and
convenient access to Boston by the
:
;
:
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
rail road, renders Marlborough a
desirable residence.
It is 2S miles
W. from Boston, 14 S. W. from Concord, and 16 E. from Worcester.
Population, 1837, 2,039.
MarlborougH
Ct«
Hartford co.
Marlborough was
taken from three towns which belonged to three different counties,
14 miles S. E.
surface of the
town is hilly and stony, and the
lands best adapted for grazing.
It
has a cotton factory, a bed of black
lead, and a good fish pond.
Dark
holloxv, in the western part of the
town, presents some wild scenery
of more terror than beauty.
Population, 1830, 704.
in
1S03.
It
of business in the town.
Here are
two cotton mills, an air and cupola
furnace, a nail factory, and manufactures of cotton and satinet warp.
Peregrine White, the first English child born in
England,
died here in 1704, aged 83.
Incorporated, 1640.
Population, 1837,
1,660.
New
Mars
lies
from Hartford.
The
MarloYF, N. H.
Cheshire co.
It is 15 miles N.
from Keene, and 45 W. by S. from
Concord.
Ashuelot river passes
through almost the whole length of
the town.
There are no ponds of
note, nor any mountains.
Marlow
was chartered,
1761.
Population,
1830, 645.
Me.
;
The
British
Queen seems
desir-
ous of annexing this portion of the
territory of the United States to
her wide and fair possessions. This
notion of the pretty maiden
is
alto-
gether preposterous when she has
maturely considered the treaty made
by her grandfather and the United
:
States, at Paris, in
1783,
we
trust
her good sense will deter her from
urging the claim.
The approach to this mountain is
difficult
its sides are rugged, and
its summit bold.
It has two spurs ;
one of which is 1,506, the other
1,363 feet above the waters of
Goosequill river, in New Brunswick.
:
Marslifield, Vt.
Washington
co. This town, containing 23,040 acres, was granted
to the Stockbridge Indians in 17S2,
and sold by them to Isaac Marsh,
in 1789, for £140.
part of the
soil is good and a part wet and slonj'.
The town produces considerable
wool, and some cattle are reared
for market.
It has a pleasant pond,
and Onion river passes through it.
It lies 12 miles N. E. from Montpelier.
First settled, 1790.
Population, 1830, 1,271.
Marslipee, Mass.
A
Marslifield, Mass.
Plymouth
Hill,
This celebrated mountain is situated about a mile west from the east
boundary of the United States
200 miles N. N. E. from Augusta,
and 80 N. W. from Frederickton,
New Brunswick.
co.
A
pleasant town
on Massachusetts bay, 25 miles S.
E. from Boston, and 15 N. by W.
from Plymouth. It is watered by
North and South rivers, has a tolerable harbor, and some navigation.
Ship building is an important branch
Barnstable co. An ancient Indian territory, and an incorporated
district of 10,500 acres, or about 16
It lies 12 miles S.
square miles.
E. from Barnstable, 8 S. S. E. from
Sandwich, and 8E. from Falmouth.
It is bounded on the S. by the ocean.
There are 350 colored inhabitants
on this territory, and some whites.
There now remain only seven inhabitants, of pure blood of the ti thTheir land is
ers of the forest.
good for grain of all sorts, and is
well wooded. The territory is pleasant,
and some parts of it
afford
beau-
scenery. The Marshpee and
Quashmet are considerable streams.
tiful
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
W.
which, with numerous ponds and
from Concord, and 50 N.
the ocean, afford an abundant supply of tish of various kinds. These
people live by agricultural pursuits,
the manufacture of various articles
of Indian ware, by the sale of their
wood, and by fishing, fowling, and
taking deer. They are docile and
hospitable ; they appear to relish
moral and religious instruction and,
under the superintendence of a hu-
Boston.
The surface is uneven ;
the hills are chiefly large swells,
with narrow valleys between them.
The streams are rapid. There are
no natural ponds. The principal
meadows were formerly beaver
ponds.
Souhegan is the principal
stream, affording many fine mill
seats.
The small streams run into
Nashua river, and into Tanapus, or
Potanipo pond, in Brookline, The
soil in the E. part is rather light.
The W. part is mostly a strong deep
soil, red or dark loam, but stony.
It is good for grass and grain.
In
Mason village, on the Souhegan,
are cotton and woolen manufactories, and other machinery.
Mason
was granted by charter, Aug. 26,
1768.
It w^as formerly known by
The first efthe name of JVo. 1.
fort to settle this place was in 1751,
and the next year a permanent set-
;
mane and
intelligent commissioner,
appointed by the state, they are
prosperous and happy. This is the
remnant of
all the tribes of
of Penobscot river,
who, 218 years ago, were fee simple proprietors of the whole terriEngland!
tory of
largest
red
men west
New
Martlia's Vineyard, Mass.
The
principal of a cluster of
isl-
ands lying off and S. of Barnstable
county and Buzzard's bay, comprising the towns of Edgarton, TisbuSee Dukes
ry and Chilmark.
county.
Mason, X. H.
Hillsborough co. It is 15 miles
S. W. from Amherst, 43 S. S. W.
from
tlement was made by Enoch
Law-
rence, from Pepperell, Mass.
ulation, in 1830, 1,433.
Pop-
Massabesick Fond, N.
See Chester.
II.
�NEW ENGLAND
CiAZETTEER.
MASSACHUSETTS.
This ancient commonwealtli, the mother of
free states,
and of American liberty, was
Europeans,
at
The
every
New
first
England
colonies, of
permanently settled by
Plymouth, on the 22d of December, 1620.
is deeply interesting
it is interwoven with
history of this state
;
and moral event of important occurrence
political
in the
settle-
ment and progress of the whole of North America, which preceded or
was connected with the revolution of 1775.
The name of this state probably arose from the name of a tribe of Indians formerly at Barnstable
;
or from
two Indian words
Mos
and IVe-
tuset ; the former signifying an Indian arrow'' s head, the latter, Hill.
It is stated that the
Sachem who governed
of the landing of our forefathers, lived on a
in this region about the
hill in
time
the form of an Indian
arrow's head, a few miles south of Boston, and was called by the Indians
— Moswetiiset.
Massachusetts
is
bounded
east, southeast,
and south by the Atlantic
ocean.
It has, exclusive of the island counties of Dukes and Nantucket, a sea-coast of about 250 miles.
It is bounded south and west by the
state of
Rhode
Island, about 68 miles
;
south by the state of Connecticut,
87 miles west by the state of New Yoi-k, 50 miles ; north by the state of
Vermont, 42 miles; and north by the state of New Hampshire, 87 miles.
It lies between 41° 31', and 42° 53' N. lat., and 69° 48', and 73° 17' W. Ion.
;
from Greenwich.
Its area is
about 7,800 square miles, or 4,992,000 acres.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The
state
comprises 14 counties,
to
wit: Barnstable, Berkshire, Bris-
Dukes, Essex, Franklin, Hampden, Hampshire, Middlesex, Norfolk,
Nantucket, Plymouth, Suffolk, and "Worcester.
tol,
The
legislative
power of
this State is vested in a
The Senate
Representatives.
by districts.
The executive power
is
consists of 40
Senate and House of
members, and
are chosen
vested in a Governor, Lieutenant Governor,
and a Council of 9 members. The Council is elected b y the joint ballot
of the Senators and Representatives, from the Senators and in case the
;
Council thus elected or any of them decline, the deficiency
is
By
the Constitution as
amended
in 1837,
each town or
city,
having 300
ratable polls, at the last preceding decennial census of polls,
one representative
first
for
every 450 ratable
polls, in
may
elect
addition to the
300, one representative more.
Any town
tlius
and
;
supplied
'
from among the people.
:
— The
having less than 300 ratable polls, shall be represented
whole number of ratable polls, at the last preceding valua-
tion census of polls, shall be multiplied
by
10,
and the product divided by
300, and such town
may
ten years, as 300
contained in the product aforesaid.
Any
is
city or town,
having ratable
representatives, with any
may
be represented as
plus
number by
is
number
to that
polls
enough
many
to elect
years within
one or more
of polls beyond the necessary number,
surplus number, by multiplying such sur-
and dividing the product by 450; and such city or
10,
town may elect one
ten years, as 450
elect one representative, as
additional representative, as
many
years within the
contained in the product aforesaid.
Representation.
J^'umher of Representatives to which each town is entitled forlO years,
from 1837, according to the Constitution, as amended in 1837.
in the following table marked tenths, show^s how many years in 10
the respective towns are entitled to an additional Representative.
The column
Towna.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Tovjns.
�NEW ENGLAND
Towns.
GAZETTEEP^
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Senators, and Representatives,
by the people, on the 2d Monday of November, and
The Governor, Lieutenant Governor,
are chosen annually
at Boston on the 1st Wednesday of January.
The Judiciary power is vested in a Supreme Court, a Court of Common Pleas, and such other courts as the Legislature may, from time to
The Judges are appointed by the Governor and Countime, establish.
meet
cil,
and hold their
offices
during good behavior.
Succession of Governors.
John
John Hancock, 17S0— 17S4.
James Bowdoin, 1785, 1786.
Hancock, 1737 1793. Samuel Adams, 1794 1796. Increase Sumner,
1797—1799.
Caleb Strong, 1800, 1306.
James Sullivan, 1807, 1808.
—
—
Caleb Strong,
Elbridge Gerry, 1810, 1811.
Christopher Gore, 1809.
John Brooks, 1816—1822.
William Eustis, 1823, 1824.
Levi Lincoln, 1825—1833.
John Davis, 1834, 1835.
Edward Everett,
1812—1815.
1835—
Succession of Chief Justices of the Supreme Judicial Court.
William Cushing, 1776—1789.
Nathaniel Peaslee Sargent,
Samuel Sewall, 1814.
Isaac
1789—
Theophilus Parsons, 1806—1814.
Francis Dana, 1791—1806.
1791.
Lemuel Shaw,
Parker, 1814—1830.
1830The
1834,
foundation of a school fund was laid by legislative enactment, in
by appropriating "
all
moneys remaining
day of January, 1835, arising from the
ments made
to this
commonwealth by
in the treasury
sale of public lands,
on the
and from pay-
the United States, on account of the
claim for military services and disbursements during the late war,
gether with one half of
as a
all
1st
to-
future proceeds of the sales of public lands,
permanent fund for the encouragement and support of common
which fund is never to exceed one million of dollars."
schools,
A
trigonometrical and astronomical survey of the state,
general court, for the purpose of a
by order of the
new map, was commenced
in 1830,
and will soon be completed.
Surveys of the mineralogy, botany, zoology, and agriculture of the state have been commenced some favorable
reports have been made, and the researches of scientific men are continued, and promise great public usefulness.
;
The
parts
surface of the state
are found in the
is
generally undulating.
The most
counties of Plymouth, Barnstable, and
level
Bristol.
The Green and Taughkannic ranges
of mountains pass through the western counties, but in few places are they remarkable for their elevation.
The
soil
of the state
grains, fruits
is
well adapted
and vegetables common
to
to a
the growth of
all
temperate climate.
the
grasses,
In no part
�NEW ENGLAND
of our country
is
GAZETTEER.
agriculture more honored, or better understood
and re-
warded.
The
resources of Massachusetts in
its commerce, navigation,
manufacthey are stated under the counties and
towns, and will be given summarily, with other statistics
of New Eng-
tures and fisheries are
immense
:
land, in the Register.
Although Massachusetts cannot boast of her navigable
rivers and cacommerce of her capital yet she can boast of the
most beautiful bay on the map of the western world
of her noble
streams for water power; of her luxuriant vales, of
her granite hills,
nals, to facilitate the
;
;
of
her ships, and the material
for
who traverse every sea, and
harpoon and cannon.
building them
who
and of her gallant sailors
well understand the uses of the hook,
Massachusetts Bay.
The whole
of this bay
is
trance
within
the limits of Massachusetts.
The
exterior bounds of this celebrated
bay
Capes Cod and Ann. The
former is in N. lat. 42° 6', and W.
are
long. 70°
42°
45',
Ann
7'.
and
The latter in N. lat.
W. Ion. 70° 17'. Cape
bears from Cape Cod, N. N.
W., about 40 miles.
The length of this bay is about
G2 miles, from N. W. to S. E. its
breadth is about 2.5 miles. Numer:
;
of
Penobscot
bay.
The
principal, or Marshall's island, is a
plantation attached to the county of
Hancock.
The
bears about S.
ton, 15 miles.
light
on Matinicus
by E. from Thomas-
Maxfield, Me.
Penobscot
co.
This town was
incorporated in 1824.
It is watered by Piscataquis river and Seboois
stream.
It lies HI miles N. N. W.
from Augusta, and 25 E. by N.
from Dover. Population, 1837,'215'.
ous bays and rivers of various sizes
set in from this bay, and its whole Wheat crop, same
year, 1,304 bushcoast is lined with commodious els.
harbors, and pleasant commercial
Mayfield, Me.
towns.
This bay is noted for its delightSomerset co. On the E. side of
ful scenery, and as containing the Kennebec river
and about 10 miles
first
settlements of the Pilgrim from it.
It is 58 miles N. from
Fathers of New England.
Augusta, and about 29 N. by E.
from Norridgewock. Incorporated,
Mata^vamlceag River, Me.
1836.
Population, 1837, 224.
This is one of the most important
Medfield, Mass.
tributaries to the Penobscot.
It
unites with that river at the Indian
Norfolk CO. This town is watertownship from the E., about 60 miles ed by
Charles and Stop rivers. It
N. by E. above Bangor.
is 17 miles S. S. W. from
Boston,
Matawamkcag Plantation, on and 8 S. by W. from
Dedham.
this river, lies 128 miles N.
E. from
During the year ending April I,
Augusta.
3Iatiiiicus Islands,
A
Mo.
cluster of islands at the en-
1837, there were manufactured at
Medtield, 124,000 straw bonnets,
the value of which was $135,000.
There are also manufactures of
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
boots, shoes, leather, cutlery, and
Medfield was taken from
brushes.
Dedham, in 1651.
During
king
Philip's
war, in
1765, the town was burnt, and many of the inhabitants murdered by
Philip rode on
the Narragansets.
an elegant horse, and directed the
massacre. Population, 1837, 899.
Mcdford; Mass.
This beautiful
Middlesex co.
town is situated at the head of navigation on Mystic river, 5 miles N.
W. from Boston, and 14 E.by S. from
Concord. The Boston and Lowell
rail-road, and Middlesex canal pass
through the town. The finest ships
that float on the ocean, are built
here during the five years preceding April 1, 1837, sixty vessels
were built, the tonnage of which
was 24,195 tons value $1,112,970.
There are also manufactures of
at Saratoga,
and served with honor to
He was ap
the close of the war.
pointed Marshal of the
District
of
Massachusetts by President Washington, and after filling several important
civil and military offices, he was in the
year 18J6, chosen Governor of the
Commonwealth ; and discharged the
duties of that station for seven sue
cessive years, to general acceptance
He was a kind and skilful physician, a
brave and prudent officer, a wise, firm,
and impartial magistrate, a true patriot, a good citizen, and a faithful friend.
In manners he was a gentleman, in
morals pure, and in profession and
a consistant Christian. He
departed this life in peace on the first of
practice
March, 1825, aged 73. This monument to his honored memory was
erected by several of his fellew citizens and friends in the year 1838.
:
:
leather, spirits, linseed oil, bricks,
boots, shoes, ploughs, hats and hat
The soil of the town is
bodies.
very fertile, and in a high state of
cultivation.
The business of the
town is much associated with the
city, and many delightful country
seats are scattered over and decorate the grounds improved as a farm
by Governor Winthrop in 1633.
Winter Hill, memorable as the
place of encampment of General
Burgoyne and his army, after their
capture at Saratoga, is in this town.
It is 125 feet above tide water, and
presents a view of great extent and
beauty.
Medford was incorporated
in 1630.
Population, 1830, 1,755;
1837, 2,072.
In the old burying ground, a beautiful
granite
monument
is
erected,
Med-*vay, Mass.
Norfolk CO. Medway was taken
from Medfield, in 1713.
Charle3
river affords this town an excellent
water power. There are 6 cotton,
and 2 woolen mills in the town, 2
cotton wadding factories, and a bell
foundry. The manufactures of cotton and woolen goods, boots, shoes,
scythes,
chairs,
cabinet
ware,
ploughs, cotton wadding, and straw
bonnet?, the year ending April 1,
1837, amounted to $330,630.
Population, 1837, 2,050.
Medway
lies
22 miles S. W. from Boston, and 12
S. W. from Dedham.
Me§^uuticook River and Fond.
This river
same name,
rises in a
pond of the
in Lincolnville,
Waldo
county. The pond is about 9 miles
in length, crooked and very handsome. It affords an excellent mill
stream, which falls into Penobscot
bay
at
Camden.
bearing the following inscription
Mempliremagog
Sacred to the memory of
JOHN BROOKS,
Wh6
was born in Medford, in the
month ot May, 1752, and educated at
Town
School. He took up arms
country on the 19th April,
1775. He commanded the regiment
which first entered the enemy's lines
the
for
his
Liake, Vt.
This lake is about 30 miles in
length, and two or three miles in
width. About seven miles of it lies
in the county of Orleans, the residue in Canada. It receives the waters of Barton, Black, Clyde and
other smaller streams in Vermont,
�GAZETTEER.
NEW ENGLAND
the year ending April 1, 1837,
$629,282. This very pleasant and
flourishing town lies 32 miles S. W.
from Boston, 18 S. E. from Worces-
into the St. Francis,
On an island in this
in Canada.
or
lake is a quarry of JYovaculite,
" Magog Oil Stone." This mathe
and discharges
terial is transported
tured.
and manufac-
See Burke, Vt.
and 22 N. from Providence.
Population,lS30, 3,153; 1837, 3,657.
ter
Mercer, Me.
Menaii Islands.
Grand Menan helongs
to
the
mouth of
and Passamaquoddy
British, and lies off the
St. Croix river,
and
It is 16 miles in length,
bay.
about 5. On
its average breadth is
of islthe south side are a number
harbors.
ands, and several small
The
Somerset co. Mercer has a fine
and is watered by a beautiful
W.
It lies 32 miles N. N.
pond.
Augusta, and 6 S. W. from
from
Norridgewock. Incorporated, 1804.
The village near the pond is beau
soil,
inhabitants are principally fish-
ei'men.
,,
Little Menan, or "Petit Menan,
lies off
in Washington county, Me.
and
the harbors of Goldsborough
Steuben. It has a light house, with
It lies
a tower 25 feet in height.
tifully located.
6,863 bushels.
year, 1,525.
Wheat
crop, 1837,
Population,
same
,
about 3 miles S. S. E. from Golds-
borough harbor.
Meiidon, Vt.
Rutland
CO.
This was formerly
miles
called Parkerstown,and lies 47
W. from Montpelier, and S E.
S. S.
good
from Rutland. There is some
land in the town, but it is generally
for
too high up the Green mountains
cultivation.
Population, 1S30, 432.
Mendoii, Mass.
Worcester
co.
The Indian name
town was Quanshipauge.
from
first settled by people
It was
Roxbury, about the year 1647. In-
of this
Mendon is a
1667.
of variegated surface, extownship
state ot
cellent soil, and in a good
The products of the
cultivation.
valuable.—
dairy are large and
its
Blackstone river and canal pass
border, and Mill river
corporated,
Meredith, N. H.,
Strafford co.,
is
bounded N. by
Centre Harbor and Winnepisiogee
and
lake, N. E. and E. by said lake
Great bay, S. and S.
river, S. E. by
W. by Sanbornton, W. and N. W. by
New Hampton and Centre Harbor.
town was incorporated, in
Sa1767, and was first called J\''eu)
lies 29 miles N. from ConIt
lem.
Gilford.
cord, and 8 N. W. from
There is in this town a pond adjoinmiles
ing Centre Harbor, about 2
This
and one wide, emptying into
bethe" lake, near the village;
loner
smaller
sides this there are several
town
ponds. There is probably no
pleasantly and
in the country more
advanta2;eouslv situated, or of a betThe water soil, "than Meredith.
Winnepisiogee washing
ters of the
of the
the boundaries of a great part
town, convey
many heavy mercan-
and from almost the
inhabitants
doors of several of the
summer ; and in the winter,
in the
and easy
the ice serves as a level
Near the upper or N. w.
road.
southwestern
traveler passThese part of the town, the
traverses its whole extent.
is presented
hydrau- ino- along the road,
On
streams afford an excellent
a very beautiful landscape.
There are 8 cotton and wi^th
lic power.
the placid Winneand the E. and S. E.
in
4 woolen mills in the town,
pisiogee, the largest lake
liJmanufactures of boots, shoes, iron
tile articles to
New
straw
castings, scythes, ploughs
machinery,
bonnets, palm-leaf hats,
wagons and harnesses ; total value,
21*
Hampshire, with
its
numerous
and bounds
ands, arrests the eye,
a b. i^. uithe circle of vision in
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
On
rection.
mountain
the
N.
E., Ossipee
view.
rises boldly to
the N., the prospect
is
On
intercepted
by Red Hill, a pleasant and noted
eminence in Moultonborough, only
At Meredith
a few miles distant.
Bridge is a handsome and flourishing village, and the seat of
business.
Here
much
are 2 cotton mills,
an extensive tannery, oil mill, &c.,
in another village are also some imThe water
portant manufactures.
power
of
Meredith
is
immense.
connected with the principal
village of Gilford by a bridge over
It is
the
Wirinepisiogee.
Hon. Ebejvezer Smith, moved
into this town at an early period of
its settlement, and was as a father to
new settlers for many years.
died Aug. 22, 1807, aged 73.
Population, in 1830, 2,683.
the
He
Meriden,
New Haven
Ct.
This hilly and
somewhat mountainous township
has, in general, a fertile soil, and is
watered by Quinnepiac river.
It
lies 17 miles S. E. from Hartford,
and 17 N. W. from New Haven.
It was formerly a part of Wallingford, and incorporated in 1806.
co.
Population, 1830, 1,708.
This is one of the most flourishing and enterprising manufacturing
towns in the state. There is a considerable variety of manufactures
here, forming the chief employment
of the inhabitants.
The following
is a list of the manufactories, viz
2 for patent augers and auger bits,
3 for ivory combs, 6 for tin ware, 4
for Britannia ware, 2 iron foundries,
:
manufactory for coffee mills, 1 for
clocks, 1 for Norfolk door latches, 3
for block tin spoons, 1 for wood
combs, 1 for skates and iron rakes,
and 1 for gridirons.
The value
1
of articles manufactured yearly, has
been estimated from 800,000 to
1,000,000 of dollars.
About thirty years since a road
was constructed from the northwestern part of Meriden to Berlin,
a narrow and romantic
between two ridges of the
Blue mountains this pass, which
is more than a mile in extent, is
called the Cat Hole.
In some parts
of this glen there is but barely room
through
glen,
;
path
for a
small angular fragments
;
of rocks rise on each side, at about
an angle of forty five degrees
these rocks have been beaten
down
and covered with earth, which must
have been brought here for the
A
purpose.
few yards south of this
place, elevated perpendicular rocks
appear on the left, one of which has
very much tlie appearance of a profile of the human face, and it is
thought by some to resemble in a
slight degree the profile of WashFollowing the foot of the
ington.
mountain on the right, for about a
mile, you will find large pieces of
rocks lying upon each other in great
disorder, which have evidently fallen from the precipitous heights
Underneath these rocks ice
above.
may be
found in almost every month
spring issues from
in the year.
A
between them,
Spring, and
parties in
is
called
the
Cold
a place of resort for
summer.
Merrixiiaclc River, N. II.,
One
New
of
the
principal
rivers
of
formed of two
branches. The N. branch called
Pemigewasset, rises near the Notch
of the White mountains, and passes
southwardly through the corner of
Franconia, Lincoln, Peeling, Thornton and Carapton, forming the boundary between Plymouth and Holderness, and also the boundary line between the counties of Strafford and
Grafton from the S. corner of Holderness to near its junction with the
Winnepisiogee. It receives several
considerable branches in its course;
Mad river in Campton, Baker's in
and streams flowing
Plymouth
from Squam and Newfound lakes,
with numerous small tributaries.
The E. branch is the Winnepisiogee, through which pass the waters
England,
;
is
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The deof the lake of that name.
scent of this branch from the lake to
its junction with the Pemigewasset,
The confluent stream
is 232 feet.
bears the name of Merrimack, and
pursues a S. coui-se, 78 miles, to
Chelmsford, Mass.
;
thence an E.
course, 35 miles, to the sea at Nevvburyport. On the N. line of Concord, the Contoocook discharges its
waters into the Merrimack. The
Soucook becomes a tributary in
Pembroke, and the Suncook be-
tween Pembroke and Allenstown.
The Piscataquog
unites in Bedford
;
the Souhegan in Merrimack, and a
beautiful river called Nashua in
Nashua. The principal tributaries
are on the W. side of the river,
mostly rising in the highlands between the Connecticut and Merrimack. There are numerous falls
in this river, the most noted of
which are Garven's, in Concord,
the falls in Hooksett, and Amos-
keag in Goffstown and Manchester.
These falls are all rendered passable by locks, and boat navigation
has for several years been extended
as far as Concord.
There are several bridges over the Merrimack,
and its principal branches, besides
of ferries.
The Merrimack, whose fountains are nearly
on a level with the Connecticut,
being much shorter in its course,
has a far more rapid descent to the
sea than the latter river. Hence the
intervales on its borders are less extensive, and the scenery less beauIt
tiful, than on the Connecticut.
is, however, a majestic river ; its
waters are generally pure and healthy ; and on its borders are situated
some of the most flourishing towns
The name of this rivin the state.
er was originally written Merramacke and Monnoniake, which in
the Indian language signified a
sturgeon. Its width varies from 50
to 120 rods ; and at its mouth it presents a beautiful sheet of half a
mile in width.
a
number
Merrimack County, X. H.
Concord
county town.
is bounded N. E. by the county of Strafford, S. E. by the county of Rockingham, S. W. by the county of
Hillsborough, and N. W. by the
counties of Sullivan and Grafton.
the
is
The county of Merrimack
greatest length is 38 miles ;
at the broadest part is
26 miles.
It contains an area of
506,000 acres. The surface is uneven, and in some parts rugged
Its
breadth
its
and mountainous; but its general
fertility, is perhaps equal to either
of the other counties in the state.
In the towns of Hopkinton, Henniker, Boscawen, Salisbury, Canterbury, Concord, &c., are seen many
extensive and well cultivated farms.
The northerly part of the county is
rough and mountainous. Kearsarge
is the highest mountain, its summit
being 2,461 feet above the level of
the sea.
It is composed of a range
of hills, running north and south
about six miles its general aspect
rugged and craggy, excepting
;
is
when
its roughness is shaded by
woody covering that darkens its
sides.
The Ragged mountains, so
the
from their appearance, lie
Kearsarge, and be-
called,
northeast of
tween Andover
a-nd Hill.
These
are nearly 2,000 feet high at the
Bear's
north points of the range.
Hill, in Northfield, Sunapee mountain, in Newbury, Catamount, in
Pittsfield, and the peak in Hooksett, are the other most considerable
elevations.
part of lake Suna-
A
pee
lies
in
Newbury
;
and there
numerous ponds interspersed
throughout the whole territory.
are
The Merrimack
river
meanders
through nearly the centre of the
county, and forms the boundary
some distance
part.
It
at the northeastern
receives from the west the
Blackwater and Contoocook rivers,
and from the east, Soucook and Suncook, and other smaller streams.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
This county was constituted by
an act of the legislature, 1 July,
1S23 being taken from the counties of Rockingham and Hillsboborough, ten towns being separated
from the former, and thirteen from
Population, 1820, 32,the latter.
—
843; 1830, 34,619. Twenty four
towns, 44 inhabitants to a square
In 1837, there were 66,152
mile.
sheep in this county
Merrimaclc, N.
11.,
house of traffic with the InFor some time one Cromwell carried on a lucrative trade
with the Indians, weighing their
furs with his foot, till, enraged at
his supposed or real deception,
they formed the resolution to murder him. This intention was communicated to Cromwell, who buried
his wealth and made his escape.
Within a few hours after his flight,
for a
dians.
a party of the Penacook tribe arrived, and not finding the object of
their resentment, they burnt his
habitation.
Hillsborough co., is bounded N.
by Bedford, E. by Litchfield, S. by
Nashua, and W. by Amherst.
Hon. Matthew Thorntojv,
It is 6 miles S. E, from Amherst, one of the signers of the Declaraand 27 S. from Concord.
Merri- tion of American Independence,
mack river waters its E. border resided many years in this town.
through its whole extent, opening
a communication by water from
Souhegan entown from Amherst, pursues a winding course to the Merrimack, where it discharges itself
He
died in 1803, at the age of 89.
Population, 1830, 1,191.
this place to Boston.
Merrymeetiiig Bays.
ters this
one mile above Thornton's ferry.
There are fine water privileges on
this stream.
Babboosuck brook,
issuing from Babboosuck pond in
Amherst, empties into Souhegan
river, and Penichook brook from a
pond in Hollis, forms the southern
boundary. The soil in various places is very fertile, but a considerable
portion of the land is plain.
There are some fine intervales on
the Merrimack.
Some of the best
and most extensive water privileges
the county affords, about 1 1-2 mile
from the Merrimack, on Souhegan
river, lie unimproved.
This town claims the first discovery in this region of making what
are called leghorn bonnets.
They
were first made several years since,
by the Misses Burnaps.
Some of
their bonnets were sold at auction
in Boston for $50.
This town was formerly called
Souhegan East.
It was incorpo1746, having been settled
about 13 years.
The first house in this town was
erected on the margin of the river
rated,
JHerry meeting Bay, in Maine,
is
junction of the Androscoggin
with the Kennebec, about 5 miles
above Bath. It is a large expanse
of water, and contains Swan and
other islands. The passage thiough
this bay, of 10 or 12 miles in length,
at the
is
delightful.
Merrymeeting Bay, in New
is an arm of Winne-
Hampshire,
pisiogee lake, extending about 1,800
rods into the town of Alton, and is
27 miles from the navigable waters
of Piscataqua river.
Metliiieii,
Mass.
Essex CO. In this town is a beautiful water fall of 30 feet, on Spick-
which furnishes an excelhydraulic power.
Methuen
lies on the N. bank of Merrimack
river, and is 25 miles N. by W. from
Boston, and 20 N. W. by N. from
Salem. It was taken from Haverhill
in 1725.
Population, 1830,
2,011; 1837, 2,463. There are 2
cotton, and
2 paper mills in the
town, and manufactures of leather,
shoes, hats, ploughs, segars, essences, chaises, harnesses, chairs, tin
and cabinet wares, and piano-forte
et river,
lent
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
frames value, for the year ending
An exApril 1, 1837, $462,525.
cellent bed of peat has recently
been discovered. It is 14 feet in
The
depth, and very extensive.
soil of Methuen is very good, the
village is pleasant, and the scenery
around it, romantic and beautiful.
:
J. \y., 1747.
Mexico, Me.
it
let
it
go.
in
:
Middlebiiry, Vt.
This town lies on the
north side of Androscoggin river,
and is watered by two of its tribuIt has a good soil and a good
taries.
It lies 47 miles W.
water power.
N. W. from Augusta, and 20 N.
Incorporated, 1818.
from Paris.
Oxford
Thompson marked it
Elijah Clapp found
1773; William Shaw found it
in 1775; Jonathan Soule found it in
17S4; Joseph Soule found it in 1790,
and Zenas Smith, in 1791 each
marked it with his initials. Whether the critter is dead or gone to the
west, we have no account.
and
CO.
Addison co. Chief town. This i.
a large and flourishing town on both
Population, 1837, 447. Wheat crop,
same year, 1,552 bushels.
sides of Otter creek, 31 miles S.
Middletoorougli, Mass.
W.
from Montpelier, and 33 S. S. E.
The fathers of
from Burlington.
town were
this
Col.
John Chipman
and the Hon. Gamaliel Painter, who
came here and settled in 1773. The
settlement advanced but slowly un-
it
til after the revolutionary war
Plymouth co. This is the Indian then began to increase and is now
JVamasket ; formerly thickly popu- one of the most important towns in
In 1791 it became the
lated by the people of that tribe, the state.
and in
and governed by the noted sachem shire town of the county,
On the rocks, in this 1800 Middlebury college was foundTispacan.
The surface of the town is
town, are the prints of naked hands ed.
Chipman's hill,
and feet, supposed to be the work generally level.
Here are numer- 439 feet above Otter creek, is the
of the Indians.
ous ponds, several kinds of
;
fish,
and
large quantities of iron ore is found
in the ponds. These ponds, of which
the Assawamset and Long pond are
the
ter
empty
largest,
river,
into
Taunton
and produce an extensive wa-
power
This town
lies
34 miles
S.
by E.
W.
from Plyfi-om Boston, 14 S. S.
mouth, and 10 S. E. from Taunton
Population,
Incorporated, 1660.
This is probably the
1837, 5,005.
it is 15
largest town in the state
miles in length, and about 9 average breadth it has several pleasant
:
:
There are 2 cotton mills,
villages.
2 forges, an air and cupola furnace,
a nail factory, and manufactures of
spades, forks,
shovels,
leather,
nails, chairs, cab-
ploughs, wrought
inet ware, tacks, straw bonnets, and
various other articles total value,
in one year, $200,000.
In 1763, Shubael Thompson found
a land turtle, marked on the shell
:
The soil is ferhighest elevation.
tile and productive, and furnishes
large quantities of wool, beef, pork,
The town is
butter and cheese.
admirably watered by Otter creek
and Middlebury river. At the falls
on Otter creek, the site of the flourishing village, are extensive manufacturing establishments ; and large
quantities of white and variegated marble, with which the town
abounds, are sawed and polished
to
for various uses and transported
Middlebury is a very
beautiful town, and the mart of a
Population, ia
large inland trade.
See Register.
1830, 3,468.
market.
Middlebury River
rises in
Han-
cock, and passing through Riptoa
falls into Otter creek at Middlebury.
This mountain stream
is
about 14
miles in length, affords a fine water power, and is very romantic
It passes some distance
course.
m
its
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
along the road from Windsor
to
Vergennes, and presents some delightful scenery.
This place
New Haven
town
is
co.
hilly
The
worthy of
Middlesex County, M«sg.
Midtlletoury, Ct.
this
is
i'vtir'^"*
surface of
and rocky; the
soil a
/Concord, Cambridge, and
are the shire towns.
The surace of this county
is uneven and
the
Low
ell,
coarse, gravelly loam,
tit for
soil various.
grazing and the growth of
It presents a great
rye
It
lies 36 miles W. S.
W. froni Hart- variety for the admiration of the
ford, and 22 N. W. from
New Ha- patriot, scholar, farmer, mechanic,
and the painter. It
ven.
Incorporated, 1S07.
is bounded
Popu-
N
by New Hampshire
N. E. bv the
county of Essex ;S.E.
watered by Quasepaug pond,
by ChUes
which
nver Boston harbor,
empties into the Hou^satonick,
and Norfolk
and
county; and W. by
lurnishes a water power for
the county of
a satinet lactory, and other
Worcester. Area, 800
machinery.
square miles:
?°Po"rf'^"^o"^ 1820,61,476; 1830,
Middlefield, Mass.
77,968; 1837,98,565.
Population
Hampshire co. This is an eleva- to a square mile, 123. The
principal nvers in this
ted agricultural township,
county, are the
watered
by a branch of Westfield
Merrinmck, Charles, Mystic,
river
It
Sud11<^ miles W. from
Boston, 24
""^^ Nashua.
The
V,f trom
ir'T',,^''"''"'"'^'
VV.
Northampton, and 17 S E Middlesex Canal passes through
ifs northeastern
ft-om Pittsfield.
Incorporated, 1783."
section.
In 1837
Population, 1S37, 710.
There are herewere5 166 sheep in the counly.
2 woolen mills in the town, and
1 he value of manufactures for
2
tanneries.
Annual value of goods tne year ending April 1 1837
manufactured, about |75,000
amounted to $15,008,028.
Fishery'
^'
Among the productions of the
same year, $33,000.
lation,
1830,
816.
The town
is
;
soil
,
there were, in 1837,
9,724 fleeces
ot saxony wool,
which weighed
^b,741 pounds, value,
$17,382.
Middlesex Covmty,
Ct.
Shire
toxvns—Middletown and
This county is bounded
^^
county, E. by Hartf
^''il^'''^
and ford and New
London counties, S.
other streams give this
town a good by Long Island
Sound, and W. bv
water power.
It has numerous
New Haven county.
Middlesex, Vt.
Washington co. Onion river
manufacturing concerns, and
a very
pleasant village.
The soil along
the streams is good,
and that of the
uplands, generally, is
adapted for
It lies 30 miles E.
S E
Irom Burlington, and is
bounded bv
Montpeher on the S. E. First
set^^^^'
^°P"^^«°"' iS30,
pzing.
l,'l56.'"
There
is
a curious
chasm
Middlesex, on Onion river,
near More7"- ^^\ ^-iver has worn a pasin
sage through rocks 30
feet in depth,
60 feet in width, and about
80 rods
in length.
The walls on each side
are very smooth,over
which a bridge
^addam.
1
surface
The
The general
of the county
is
uneven.
soil IS
generally good, particularly adjacent to
Connecticut river
Ihere are many small
streams
which afford mill privileges,
fertilizing the soil and
giving beauty to
the county.
The waters of the
Connecticut
afford
it
an important
husiness in navigation,
especially
in the coasting trade.
The tonnagj
of the district of
Middletown, tn
1837, was 13,133 tons.
There are
numerous manufacturing
establishin the county ; large
quantitiesof fi-eestone are
quarried and car-
ments
ned
to
market, and the shad fishery
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
gives employment to
people.
many
of
its
very pleasantly situated on ground
rising gradually from the river.
Middlesex county contains an
Populaarea of 342 square miles.
22,405; 1830, 24,345,
containing a population of 73 inConhabitants to a square mile.
siderable amounts of the productions
and in
of the soil are exported,
1837, there were in the county
tion, 1S20,
12,401 sheep.
Middle ton, N. H.
principal street, called Main
street, runs parallel with the river.
This and other streets, are inter-
The
sected by cross streets, leading to
the river.
The wharves are commodious for
shipping, there being ten feet of
water for all vessels that can cross
the bar at the mouth of the river.
Two high wharves are appropriated for two hues of steam-boats, of a
afford a daily comThis is a very lev- large class, which
cities of New
no high ground munication with the
el township, having
York and Hartford.
except a part of Moose mountain,
The streets and side-walks are
which separates it from Brooktield.
trees, and
ponds, and pleasantly shaded with
There are no rivers nor
side-walks are remarkably well
the
It lies 25 miles
the soil is rocky.
paved.
N. W. from Dover. Middleton was
is
Strafford co.
incorporated in 1778.
Population,
The population of the city,
of the town, above
about 3,500
;
1830,' 532.
7,000.
Middleton, Mass.
The public edifices are a courtstyle of archpleasant town on house in the Grecian
Essex CO. A
miles
both sides of Ipswich river, 19
Boston, and 7 N. W. from
N. from
Salem. This place contains a large
and expensive paper mill. This is
conthe principal manufacturing
Incorporated,
cern in the town.
1723.
Population, 1837, 671.
itecture, built
in
house handsomely
1832
;
a custom-
built of
Chatham
2 banks, and a savings
bank, &c. The places of public
worship in the city, and the princibrick,
pal houses and stores are of
which are built with great
many of
freestone
;
taste.
Middletown, Vt.
This town lies between two mountains, is watered
by Poultney river, and has a good
Rutland
co.
It keeps, among
grazing.
It
other cattle, about 4,000 sheep.
miles S. W. from Rutland.
lies 14
vilIt has a neat and flourishing
soil for
The Wesleyan University,
under the patronage of the Methofounded
dist Episcopal church, was
in 1831, and is very rapidly acquirIt has now
ing a high standing.
Its officers are a
160 students.
president and 5 professors.
The college buildings command
faclage, a woolen factory, marble
an extensive view of the surroundmanufactures.
tory, and other
ing country, as well as of the valPopulation, 1830, 919.
ley of the Connecticut, so justly
Middletown, Ct.
famed for its beauty.
The college library, with those
Chief town of Middlesex co.—
comprises
City, and port of belonging to the societies,
MiDDLETOWxV
It has maof Con- about^lO^OOO volumes.
entry, lies on the W. bank
ny rare and choice works, an entire
necticut river, 30 miles from its
and most of
Hartford, 24 N. set of the Latin Classics
mouth, 15 S. from
W. the Greek, a set of the Philosophical
E. from New Haven, 35 N.
34'
Transactions a"d all of the most
from New London. Lat. 41°
works of
city is important lati^r scientitic
The
long. T2P 39' W.
N.,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
France. There is also a collection
of bibles and testaments in 81 lan-
guages and dialects, oriental, &c.,
into which the bible has been translated.
About 70 of these
the
Tarento
old
at
philosophical and astronomical apparatus, has been lately increased at great expense.
There
is a telescope, with a six inch object
glass, a splendid altitude and Azi-
muth instrument,
formed
Archbishop of
Naples, and are of the
masters— Titian, Rubens, Tin-
toretto, Salvator
The
pictures
gallery of the
Rosa, Carlo Dolce,
Lueca, Giordano, Jordens, Spagnoletto, &c.
There is also in another
collection some very line paintings
of the old masters, and an exquisite piece of statuary by the
Chevalier P. Marchesi of Milan, repre-
so constructed as
used for meridian transits. senting Christ
when 12 years of
Russell's magnificent Orrery, an age
This is the only work of the
unrivalled instrument, and the only distinguished
sculptor, that has yet
one of the kind. There is a noble arrived in this
country.
Plate Electrical machine, with two
The township from N. to S. is
plates 36 inches in diameter, &c.
about 9 miles long, its breadth vaThe chemical department has a rying from 4 to 10
miles at its greatgood laboratory and apparatus.
est area, or about 43,520 acres.
The cabinet of minerals is becom- The Indian name
of the town was
ing extensive. In geology, besides
Mattabesett. The town is divided
specimens, there are several valu- into 4 societies
or parishes.
to be
!
able charts to illustrate the different
and many districts of Eng^
land.
In botany, there are several of the
best standard works, and for the
preservation of the science, the
richness in species of the native
plants about Middletown, is not
surpassed by any location in
There is in the city a preparatory school connected with the university, as well as several flourish-
states,
ing private schools.
The public records of this town
commenced in 1654.
incorporated in 1784.
England.
The place is also remarkable for the variety and abundance
of its rare minerals.
manufacturing capital, render Middletown equally attractive to the
traveler, the man of science, or of
business.
There are besides in this
city, several fine cabinets of shells,
insects, minerals, &c., and an Her-
barium of considerable extent, of
North American as well as of European plants, also several choice
private libraries.
The library of the Rev. Dr. Jarvis, contains 13,000 volumes of
exceeding choice books, collected by
him, during
eral years in
a
residence of
sev-
Europe, and his gallery of about 120 paintings, is regarded as being very valuable.—
city
was
The burial grounds contain many
curious, as well as antique monuments of its earliest settlers.
The burial ground at the N. part
of the city, and by the river, was
laid out in 1650.
New
The rising reputation of its university, the great salubrity of its
atmosphere, and the activity of its
The
Middletown meadows, north of the
I
I
city, contain
about 640 acres. The
height of the base of the village is
160 feet above the river, and is
from it, five eighths of a mile. Main
street is from 40 to 50 feet above the
river.
The Connecticut
river
is
here
generally closed with ice about the
middle of December, and opens
about the end of the third week in
March.
The manufactures
in this
city,
are 3 establishments on a large
scale for the manufacture of arms,
for the
United States service ;
broadcloths and cotton goods, brit-
annia and tin wares, stoves, combs,
machinery, steam engines.
tubs,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER
cotton machinery, paper, powder,
jewelry, brass ware, steel pens,
buttons, looking-glasses, carnages,
carpenter's tools and locks, besides
many manufactures of minor importance.
Middletown rests on
Geology.
secondary red sandstone witliin 2
miles of tlie city, south, there is a
granite ridge, here known by the
name of the White rocks. It runs
N. N. E., and forms the straits of
the Connecticut river. This granite
ridge is from 400 to 600 feet above
the tide water. Here occurs an inexhaustible quantity of the finest
.feldspar, the material used for the
This was first
glaze of porcelain.
brought into notice in 1833, at the
recommendation of Dr. Barrett.
large quanrityof it has been sent to
Europe, as well as being used in
this country, and it has been proved
to be of the best quality.
The feldspar is often so pure at
the quarry opened on the Haddam
road, that masses of several hundrcil weight occur without any admixture of quartz and mica.
:
A
MicldletoAVii, R.
I.
Newport co. This is the middle
township on the island of Rhode
Island.
It lies 2 miles N. E. from
Newport, and 28 S. by E. from
The surface of the
Providence.
town is undulating, and affords many interesting and beautiful landscapes.
The
soil
is
a rich
loam,
very productive and under a high
state
of cultivation
;
the lands are
highly valued and command a great
The inbabitantsof the town
they are
principally farmers
distinguished for their habits of industry and cconomj', and for the
unifbrmitj', plainness, and simpliciThe
ty of their manner of living.
products of the town consist of
corn, barley, hay, and great varieties of fruits and vegetables for
price.
are
;
Newport market.
1743.
Incorporated,
Population, 1830, 915.
22
Milan,
H.,
K^.
Coos CO., is 139 miles N. by E.
from Concord, and about 22 N. E.
from Lancaster.
This tract was
granted in 1771, and was called
Paulsburgh,
per
until 1824.
The UpAmonoosuck and Androscoggin
rivers pass through this town.
are several ponds, and some
There
considerable mountains.
Popula-
tion, 1830, 57.
Milford, Me.
See "
Penobscot county.
Down
East."
Milfortl,
Hillsborough
co., is
by Amherst, and
W.
ST.
is
from Concord.
H.,
bounded E.
31 miles S. by
Millbrd lies on
both sides of Souhegan river, which
runs through the town from W. to
E., forming a rich meadow or intervale, from 1-4 to 1-2 a mile wide.
The banks of this river are annually overflowed, by which means,
the soil, which is black and deep, is
much enriched. This town has excellent water privileges, and there
is a valuable factory in the village
Population, 1S30, 1,303.
Milfard, Mass.
This town, the
Worcester co.
Indian TVopowage, is well watered
by Charles and Mill rivers. It lies
28 miles S.W. byW. from Boston, and
18 S. E. from Worcester. Incorporated, 1780. Population, 1837, 1,637.
The soil is generally fertile, and
the surface pleasantly diversified.
The manufactures of the town, for
the year ending April 1, 1837,
amounted to ^257,671. They consisted of cotton goods, leather, boots,
shoes, chairs, tin and cabinet wares,
straw bonnets, varnish, clothing,
shoe pegs, wagon irons, and whips.
Milford, Ct.
New Haven
co.
This
is
one of
towns which composed the
" Old Jurisdiction of New Haven."
the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The settlement commenced in 1639.
The first purchase of land was made
Indians, for the considera" 6 coats, 10 blankets, 1
kettle, besides a number of hoes,
knives, hatchets, and glasses." The
Indians made a reservation of 20
of the
tion of
acres in the town, which was sold
in 1661, for 6 coats, 2
blankets, and a pair of breeches.
by them,
Milford
is
falls into
vessels.
Poconock or Milford point is a
noted place, where are a number of
huts on the beach, occupied by
persons engaged in the oyster and
clam business.
Milford village is very pleasant,
and the scenery variegated and inPopulation, 1837, about
teresting.
2,800.
Millbiiry, Mass.
Worcester
co.
Millbury
was
Lyn-
Mille7-'s River, in Massachusetts,
Ashburnham,
in ponds in
rises
and Winchendon ; it has many triband passes through Athol,
Orange, and Wendell, and falls into
This
the Connecticut at Erving,
is a noble mill stream.
utaries,
Miiliiioliet Liaise,
bounded W. by Housa-
tonick river, and S. E. by Long
The Indian name
Island Sound.
of the place was Wepawaiig. The
town is generally level, and the
There is a quarry
soil productive.
of beautiful serpentine marble in
the town, and a harbor for small
the Passumpsick at
don.
Me.
This is a large body of water in
the county of Penobscot, the reIt is an
cipient of many rivers.
important source of the west branch
Its outlet is a
of Penobscot river.
river of the same name, and unites
with the waters of Pemadumcook
lake, near the Great falls at the outlet of the Pemadumcook.
Mill River, Mass.
See Springfield.
MillsiieM,
ET. II.,
Coos CO., is 7 miles W. from Umbagog lake, and about 35 N.from the
Clear stream
White mountains.
waters its N. extremity, and Philwith several small
river
lip's
taken from Sutton, in 1813. It lies
42 miles W. S. W. from Boston,
and 6 S.E. from Worcester. Branches of the Blackstone river rise in
the town, and the Blackstone canal
It is a very
passes through it.
pleasant manufacturing place, with
There
a valuable water power.
are 1 paper, 6 woolen, and 1 cotton
mills ; and manufactures of boots,
Here are
streams the other parts.
several ponds, the largest is about
300 rods long, 140 wide^. Millsfield
was granted in 1774, and was named after Sir Thomas Mills, a granIt had but 33 inhabitants in
tee.
shoes, leather, hats, scythes, spades,
forks, hoes, ploughs, muskets, trying
squares, levels, trowels, machinery,
black lead, tin ware, sashes and
blinds total value, the year ending
tiful
:
April
1,
1837,
$566,150.
Popula-
tion, 1837, 2,153.
Miller's Kivers.
MUler''s i?fuer, in Vermont, rises
in Sheffield, Caledonia county, and
passing through a part of Wheelock
1830.
Milo, Me.
This is a beautownship on the fertile banks
of Sebec and Pleasant rivers, at
their union with the Piscataquis.
It lies 103 miles N. E. from AugusPopta, and 15 N. E. from Dover.
1837, 640.—
ulation, 1830, 381
Piscataquis co.
;
Wheat
crop, 1837, 4,514 bushels.
Incorporated, 1823.
Milton, Me.
Piscataquis co. Population, 1837,
Wheat crop, same year, 1,323
352.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
bushels.
See "
94 miles from Augusta.
East."
Down
MUton, K.
lation, 1837, 1,772.
II.
the land
The Salmon Fall
Strafford co.
river washes its whole E. boundary, a distance of 13 miles ; and a
branch of the same river crosses
from the S. part of Wakefield, and
unites near the centre of the E.
Teneriffe, a bold and
boundary.
rocky mountain, extends along the
E. part of Milton, near which lies
Milton pond, of considerable size,
connecting with the Salmon Fall
This town was formerly a
river.
part of Rochester, from which it
was detached in 1802. It lies 40
miles N. E. from Concord, and 20
N. W. by N. from Dover.
Popu-
lation, 1830, 1,273.
Miltoii, Vt.
Chittenden co. Milton is bounded cu the W. bj^ lake Champlain,
an
is finely watered by the river
Lamoille.
It lies 12 miles N. from
Burlington, and 40 N. W. from
Population, 1830, 2,Montpelier.
100.
The soil of the town is generally good, and about 9,000 sheep
graze in its pastures. There are
some places in Milton worthy of the
i
traveller's notice.
A little
This town was taken
from Dorchester, in 1662. Popu-
ble mill sites.
distance
from the neat and flourishing village are the Great falls, on the Lamoille.
In the course of 50 rods
the whole river falls 150 feet.
About the middle of the rapid is a
small island, by which the water
passes on each side, with great violence and loud roaring. The scenery on the banks of the river is
There are
wild and beautiful.
some mills on the river, and considerable trade on the lake.
—
Milton, Mass.
Norfolk CO. This interesting and
pleasant town, the Unc.ataquissit
of the Indians, lies 7 miles S. from
Boston, and 6 E. from Dedham.
Neponset river washes its northern
border and affords numerous valua-
is
A large part of
a gravelly loam, strong
and very productive.
The manu-
factures consist of paper, granite,
leather, hats, chairs, cabinet ware,
playing cards, &c.
total annual
:
amount, about ^100,000. The manufacture of paper from beach grass
has recently been commenced, and
promises to be a good substitute for
rags, for the more common kinds.
The village called the " Mills,"
comprising a part of Dorchester, at
the head of navigation, on the Neponset, is a wild, romantic place,
and ever since the first settlement
of the country, has been the seat of
considerable trade and manufacture.
The village at the rail-road, near
the granite quarry, in Quincy,
about a mile S. E. of the " Mills,"
is very pleasant and flourishing.
By a new and beautiful bridge,
called the " Granite bridge," across
the Neponset, the distance to the
city is reduced to 6 miles.
Milton contains some elegant
country seats, and much delightful
scenery. The views from " Milton
Hill," near the head of the Neponset ; and " Blue Hill," a celebrated land mark for sailors, 710
feet above the sea, in the south part
of the town, 12 miles from Boston,
are among the most admired in our
country.
Minot, Me.
Cumberland
CO.
Minot is
a large
and excellent township of land with
The
three very pleasant villages.
Androscog2:in passes its eastern border and Little Androscoggin separates it from Poland, on the S. This
is one of the most flourishing towns
Although agriculture
the chief business of the people of
in the state.
is
Minot, yet
its
water power is
so val-
uable, that manufactures of various
kinds are springing up v.'ith promisMinot is connected
ing success.
with Lewiston, across the Andros-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
It lies 33
coggin, by a bridge.
miles S. W. from Augusta, and 35
N. from Portland. Population, in
Incor1837, 3,326.
1830, 2,908
Wheat crop, 1837,
porated, 1802.
7,266 bushels.
;
Missisque liiver,
"Vt.
This crooked river is about 75
miles in length. It rises in Orleans
county, and passes N. into Canada,
about 5 miles
it then returns to
the state at the N. E. corner of
Franklin county, and after meandering through the north part of
that county, it falls into Missisque
;
bay
at
Highgate.
There are sevwhich afford
eral falls on this river,
numerous
mill sites ; but it is generally sluggish in its course, and
being wide, is rather shallow. Its
waters fertilize a large portion of
country, and it is navigable for small
vessels, six miles from its mouth.
Molecliiiukamxniik Lake, Me.
is one of a number of large
extending northwest from
Umbagog lake, and which empty
through the Umbagog into the An-
This
lakes
droscoggin.
These lakes lie in the
counties of Oxford and Franklin
their borders are but little settled,
but those who have visited them
report that the soil is exceedingly
fertile, and that the beauties of
these little inland seas, equal that
of the celebrated Winnepisiogee.
The Molechunkamunk lies about 80
miles N. by W. from Portland.
Molumlcxis K-iver,
A
large tributary to the Matathe north. It unites
with that river about 8 miles above
The
and
direction of the ridge
S.
5 miles long from
mouth.
Moiiadnoclc Mountain, W. H.,
Usually called the Grand Monadnock, is situated in the towns of
and Dublin, in Cheshire
county, about 22 miles E. from Connecticut river, and 10 N. of the
southern boundary of this state.
Jaffrey
N.
is
N. E.
is
to S.,
about
and 3
miles from E. to W.
Its summit is
3,718 feet above the level of the sea.
Thirty years since, Monadnock was
nearly covered with
evergreen
wood of considerable growth. By
the repeated ravages of lire, it now
presents to the distant beholder,
nothing but a barren and bald rock.
But on ascending, we find plats of
eaith sufficient to give growth to
the hlueben-y, cranberry, mountain
ash, and a vaiiety of shrubs. Some
caves are discovered, which excite
curiosity.
They appear to have
been formed by large hssures, and
by extensive strata being thrown
from their pi'imitive state, and forming different angles with each other
and with perpendicular precipices.
The mountain
is
composed of
talc,
mica, slate, distinctly stratified.—
Garnet, schorl, feldspar and quartz
occur in various parts. On the E.
side, plumbago is found in large
quantities.
Crucibles and pencils
have been manufactured fiom it,
but for the latter, it proves not veiy
good.
The summit, when seen at
a distance of 4 or 5 miles, appears
rounded and destitute of those high
cliffs and mural precipices belonging to granitic mountains.
The
prospect from the pinnacle is very
extensive ; thirty ponds of fresh
water, some of which are so large
as to contain islands of 8 or 10
acres, may be seen from it, in the
immediate vicinity. Near the base
of the mountain, in Jaffrey, is the
" Monadnock Mineral Spring."
wamkeag from
its
The mountain
W.
Monkton, Vt.
This town lies 27
co.
from Montpelier, 16 N.
from Middlebury, and IS S. by E.
from Burlington.
This is a good
farming town, and the products of
v/ool, cattle, and of the dairy are
considerable.
Iron ore is found in
abundance, and a bed of porcelain
earth.
By mixing this earth with
Addison
miles
W.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
clay, in different proporare
tions, various kinds of pottery
common
There are excellent orchards of va-
rious kinds of fruit in the town, a
pleasant village on elevated ground,
produced. This earth is very pure,
It lies 15
be manufactur- and a classical school.
and it is said might
miles W, by N. from New Haven,
The
ed into the best china ware.
The black and 12 E. by S. from Danbury.
bed is inexhaustible.
Population, 1330, 1,522.
oxide of manganese is al«o found
rich variety of mineral subThere is also a curious cavhere.
been discovered here.
after descending stances have
ern in the town
Among them, are tungsten, telluriabout 16 feet, you arrive at a room
um, native bismouth, native silver,
30 feet long, and 16 wide. From
second magnetical and common iron pythis is a passage leading to a
copper pyrites, galena, blenapartment, which is not quite so rite',
Monk- de, tourmaline, &.c.
pleasant.
large, but more
Monson, Me.
ton" is a pleasant town, 3 miles E.
from Ferrisburgh, and is frequentThis town is
Piscataquis co.
Populaly visited by the curious.
watered by Piscataquis river and
tion, 1330, i,SS4.
Monson comprisWilson's stream.
es a fine tract of land, and is settled
A
:
Kennebec
co.
This
is
a
fine
township, and beautifully watered
by some of the sources of the CobIt lies 15 miles S.
bessecontec.
W. from Augusta. The village is
very pleasant, and is the -^eat of a
\Yheat crop,
flourishing academy.
Population,
1837, 5,256 bushels.
Incorporated,
same year, 1,347.
Ina worthv class of people.
Population, in
corporated, '1822.
1S37, 565. Wheat crop, same year,
It lies 83 miles N.
2,267 bushels.
by
by E. from Augusta, and 20 N. W.
stage runs between
from Dover.
times
this town and Bangor, three
Distance from Monson to
Aveek.
a
Bangor, 60 miles; to Moosehead
A
lake, 15.
1792.
Monson, Mass.
Monroe, Me.
Hampden co. Monson was takWaldo CO. This town is watered
en from Brimfield in 1760. It lies
by Marsh river, a branch of the^Pe73 miles S. W. by W. from Boston,
from.
nobscot. It lies 59 miles N. E.
and 13 E. from Springfield. PopuAugusta, and 14 N. from Belfast.
is a pleasWheat lation. 1837, 2,179. This
1,365.
Poplilation, 1337,
surface,
ant town of variegated
year, 5,8;->7.
crop,
same
Blonroe, Mass.
Franklin co. This is an elevated
township, bounded E. by Deerfield
W.
It lies 105 miles W. N.
river.
Boston, and 23 W. by N. from
from
Incorporated,
Greenfield.
Population, 1837, 232.
Monroe,
1822.—
Ct.
This town was
co.
from Huntington in 1823.
The soil is good, and well adapted
grazing.'^but the surface is rough
Fairfield
taken
for
prinand^stonv. Agriculture is the
cipal business of the inhabitants.
22^*
good soil and well watered by Chickopee river. It contain? a flourishcotton
ing academy. There are 3
Monson, and other manumills in
goods
factures. The value of cotton
manufactured in the year ending
April
1,
18S7,
was
.$67,500.
Monta<;ue, Mass.
Franklin
co.
This town
is
on
river,
the E. bank of Connecticut
to Deerfield, and united to
opposite
Turner's
that town bv a bridge.
the
Falls, at the' northerly part of
town, are
any in the
more
state,
than
and probably as
interesting
�much
so as
any
in
The
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
New England. by N. from Boston,
Mass.
200 N.
by W. from Providence, R. I.
205 N. from Hartford, Ct.
148 n!
E. from Albany N. Y.
and 524
canal for passing these falls, 3
miles in length and 75 feet lockage,
with an immense dam across the
river, greatly facilitates the naviga-
;
•
;
;
miles from Washington.
First seton Connecticut river.
This tled, in 1786.
Population, 1830,
place has a great water power, and
2,985.
Montpelier became the seat
promises peculiar advantages to the of
government in 1805, and the
manufacturing interest. The scene- shire town
of the county, in 1811.
ry around this place is romantic and It is
finely watered by Onion river
beautiful, and to the lovers of antiand by several branches of that
quarian lore, full of interesting as- stream.
These streams afford a
sociations.
good water power, on which are
It lies 80 miles W. by N. from
manufacturing establishments of vaBoston, and 7S. E. from Greenfield.
rious kinds.
The surface of the
Incorporated, 1753.
Population, in town is very uneven and
hilly, but
1837, 1,260.
not mountainous.
The soil is very
good along the streams, and the
Moiatgoniery, Vt,
highlands produce excellent pasFranklin co. This town lies in a turage.
The agricultural products
mountainous country, but it has a are various
and valuable.
In 1837
valuable tract of land on Trout rivthere were between 8,000 and 9,000
er, a good mill stream, a branch
of sheep in the town.
the Missisque.
It lies 42 miles N.
This township was granted Octofrom Montpelier, and 27 E. N. E.
ber 21, 1780, and chartered to Timfrom St. Albans.
First settled, in othy Bigelow and
others, August
1793.
Population, 1830, 460.
14, 17S1, containing 23,040 acres.
The Rev. Joel Clapp was the first It was
rechartered February 6,
child born in this town, September
1304.
In the spring of 1786, Joel
14, 1793.
He preached the first Frizzle erected a log
house on the
fast-day sermon, the first thanksbank of Onion river, in the southgiving sermon, and the first mcfthwest corner of this township, and
er's funeral sermon, which
were moved his family into it from Canapreached in the town.
da.
This was the first family in
fo^wn.
Early in the month of May,
Moiatgoiiiery, Mass.
17&-7, Col.
Hampden co. This is a moun- Davis, from Jacob and Gen. Pailey
Worcester county,Mass.
tainous township on the N. side
of began improvements near
the place
Westfield river, and has a good
wa- where the village now stands, and
ter power.
It lies 100 miles W. by
erected a log house, into which
S. from Boston, and 12 N. Yv.
from Col. Davis removed his family
the
Springfield.
Incorporated, 1780
winter followino-.
Population, 1837, 497.
This is a
The village of Montpelier is surgood town for grazing, and it
pro- rounded by hills of considerable
elduces considerable wool and some
evation; and although it is too lowbeef cattle.
to command an extensive
prospect,
is very pleasant, and quite
Moiitpelier, "Vt.
romantic in its appearance.
It is located
The capital of the state and shire
very near the centre of the state
town of the county of Washino-ton
It is a great thoroughfare
from all
It lies in N. lat. 44° 17',
and' w" directions, and
com^nands a large
Ion. 72° 36'.
It is 182 miles w".
and valuable interior trade.
The
from Augusta, Me.
97 N. N. W. buildings
are in good style
some
from Concord, N, H. ; 160 N.'
W.'
of which are
tion
I
:
;
;
very handsome.
���NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
We
take pleasure in presentinf^ to the
graving of the Vermont State House,
Young,
New
Esq., a native of
public a well executed en-
Montpelier
at
;
designed by A. B.
England, and executed under his imrae-'
diate superintendence.
The engraving
and
fronts,
is
which
represents a southeast front view of the building,
stands on an elevated site, about 325 feet from State street, on
to it are
large and spacious, and,
are laid out, give great importance to the building.
design, a chaste architectural character
is
preserved, which, combined
with the convenient arrangement of the interior and the
stability of its
New
construction, renders this edifice equal in every respect to any in
England, and probably
any in the United
to
it
The yard and
in the manner they
Through the whole
and execution.
alike beautiful in design
grounds pertaining
which
The
States.
building
is
in
the form of a cross, showing in front a centre, 72 feet wide, and two
wings, each 39
six
making the whole length 150 feet.
100 feet deep the wings are 50
feet,
cluding the portico,
is
;
The
feet diameter at their base,
columns of the portico are 6
centre, in-
The
feet deep.
and 36 feet
The dome
high, supporting an entablature of classic proportions.
rises
36 feet above the ridge, making the whole height from the ground 100
The
feet.
to
conform
order of architecture used
to the
the Grecian Doric, and
is
made
The
is
peculiar arrangement necessary in this building.
walls, columns, cornices, &c., are of dark Barre granite,
superior manner: the
dome and
roofs are
wrought
in a
covered with copper.
In the interior, the lower story contains an Entrance Hall, rooms for
the Secretary of State, Treasurer, Auditor, and numerous Committee
The
rooms.
second or principal story, contains a Vestibule, and
stair-
67 feet, with a Lobby, and Galleries
ways, a Representatives Hall, 57 by
a Senate Chamber, 30 by 44 feet, with Lobby and Gallery j
;
a Governor's room, 24 by 20 feet, with an ante-room, and a room for his
for spectators
Secretary adjoining
officers of the
mittee rooms.
a Library room, 18
;
by 36
feet
;
rooms
for the several
Senate and House of Representatives, and several com-
The
cost of this building, including all
expenses, was
about $132,100; of which the inhabitants of Montpeher paid $15,000.
At
the
first
session of the Legislature of
in October, 1838, the following resolution
Vermont, within this building,
was unanimously adopted
:
" Resolved, by the General Assembly of the
the thanks of this Legislature be presented to
as a testimonial of their approbation of the
State of
Ammi
taste,
B.
Vermont, that
Young,
ability,
perseverance which he has manifested in the design and execution
new
capitol of this state
talents
and
taste of
;
which
Mr. Youjvg
will abide as a lasting
as
an Architect."
Esq.,
fidelity
monument
of
and
the
of the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER,
Moiitville,
Waldo
Me.
206.
This is a beautiful
and flourishing town, watered by
some of the head branches of Sheepscot river, 26 miles E. N. E. from
Augusta, and 15 W. from Belfast.
CO.
Incorporated, 1807.
1830,1,243;
Population, in
1837,1,987.
Wheat
crop, 1837, 8,088 bushels.
Montville, Ct.
New
London
taken from
co.
New
Montville was
London
Mohegan was then
included
in the limits
same
of that town.
At the
time there were in Stonington
237; in Groton 186; in Lyme 104^
in Norwich 61, and in
Preston 30in all, S24.
Most of these may be
considered as descended from those
who once owed some kind of allegiance to Uncas.
Dr. Holmes, who
visited Mohegan in 1803, says
that
" there were not more than 80
persons of this tribe remaining,
and
that John Cooper, the lichest
man
in the tribe, possessing a yoke
of
oxen and two cows, was then their
religious teacher."
Four years after, they were reduced in
number
to sixty nine, these being
for the
in 1786.
surface is hilly and stony; the
soil a dry, gravelly loam, strong and
fertile.
It lies on the W. side of
the river Thames, 35 miles S. E.
from Hartford, 8 N. from
most part aged persons, widows, and
London, and 7 S. from Norwich. fathei-less
children.
The town has a good water powciWithin the course of a few years
and contains 3 cotton and 2 woolen past,
an effort has been made to elfactories, and an oil mill.
Popula- evate and rescue the
remnant of
tion, 1830, 1,964.
this tribe from extinction.
small
This, and a large tract of country house
for divine worship has been
lying north and east of it, formerly
erected, and also a house for a teachbelonged to the Mohegans, a tribe er
tov/ards erecting this last buildof Indians once celebrated for their
ing the United States government
warlike prowess and fiiendship to
appropriated 500 dollars; they have
the EngUsh.
In Montville is a also allowed,
recently, 400 dollars
tract reserved by the state, for the
annually for the support of a teachmaintenance of a remnant of that er.
The school, consisting of uptribe, "on the land of their fathers."
wards of 20 scholars, at this time is
The Mohegan reservation consists under the
care of Mr. Anson G leaof about 2,700 acres.
It was holdson, who also officiates as a religious
en by them in common till the
teacher at the Mohegan Chapel.
year 1790, when it was divided to
Mr. GleasoR commenced his labors
each family by the leoislature of
among this people in 1832, and it is
Connecticut.
The Mohegans are firmly believed that his
efforts to
under the care of guardians, or overpromote the welfare of this people
seers, appointed by the legislature.
will be attended with lasting and
part ot the lands are occupied by
beneficial effects.
Mr. Gleason
the Indians themselves, and a part
says, " that he can say for a certainby white tenants, of which there
ty, that the native children are as
are as many as Mohegans Hving on
apt to learn as any children he ever
the reservation.
The rents go into taught, and bid fair for
intellio;8nt
a common fund, from which the
men and women." He also s'ays,
Mohegans derive, individually, a " This
tribe had well nigh run out
small sum annually.
by indulging in the use of ardent
In 1774, when a census of the inspirits ; but of late there is a change
habitants of Connecticut was taken,
for the better, a number of reforthere were in the colony 1,363 Inmations having taken place.
Most
dians. The number in the township
of the youth are opposed to strong
of
London was stated to be drink, and are
members of the tern-
The
New
A
;
A
'
New
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
perance reform. The greater part
of the working men follow the whale
trade, and come home only now and
We are on the increase,
then.
and hope in the course of a few years,
through the mercy of God, to rise
in point of virtue and i-espectabili.
.
.
ty."
The Mohegan church
is
between
three and four miles from Norwich
city, a few rods east of the public
road from Norwich to New London.
It is beautifully situated on an eminence commanding a fair view of
Norwich at the north, and
London at the south. It was built
in 1831, at an expense of between
six and seven hundred dollars, con-
New
tributed for the purpose mostly by
benevolent ladies in the cities of
Norwich, Hartford and
New
Lon-
designed for the
use of the Mohegans, and the white
inhabitants who reside on the re-
don,
1 his house
is
The Mohegan
schoolservation.
house is 40 or 50 rods south of the
chapel, at the foot of the hill, near
by which is the house for the teachAbout 100 rod3 west of the
er.
chapel, on the summ.it of a commanding eminence, was situated a
Mohegan fort, some traces of which
remain they also had another
near the river.
fort
;
«« Ln
wliere a sivarre fortress frown'd
Amid yon bluoil-cemenieLl srround,
!
hallowetl dome, with peaoefu'. .'laim,
Shall bear the meek Redeemer's name;
And forms liKe those that lini^ering stayed
Latrst 'i:eath Calvary's awful shade,
And p.inl!cst pierc'd the g.ther'd gloom
A
the S ivior's lowly tomb—
I'orms the Indian's ire
Have sootli'd and bade that dome aspire.
>.nd now, wh 're rose the murderous yell,
The tuneful hvmn to God shall swellWhere vengeance spread a fatal snare,
To watch
Su:h eentle
Shall breathe the red man's contrite prayer."
Moose Rivers.
Moose
river, \n
Maine,
is
a large
It
tributary to Moosehead lake.
rises in the western part of Somerset county, and after receiving the
waters of several large ponds in
that quarter, it passes through Bras-
sua lake, 4 or 5 miles ^y. of the
Moosehead.
Moose
river, in
New
Hampshire,
source on the N. side of the
White Mountains, and unites v/ith
the Androscoggin in Shelburne.
Its source is very near that of Israel's river, which passes W. into
the Connecticut.
has
its
Moose river, in Vermont, is a
it rises
branch of the Passumpsic
in Granby and East Haven, and
falls into that river at St. Johnsbury.
}
This, in many places, is a rapid
stream, about 25 miles in length.
Moose Head
Lalie,
Me.
This lake, the outlet of which
is
source of Kennebec river, lies
Its
in the county of Piscataquis.
form is very irregular. Its length
is between 40 and 50 miles, and its
breadth, in the widest part, about
the
The tributaries are numerous, and flow from almost every
12 miles.
direction.
It
contains a
islands, the largest of
number
which
is
of
Su-
gar island, containing 5,440 acres,
and Deer island, containing 2,000
acres.
These
islands are fertile, as
the whole country surrounding
the lake, except in some places
where the banks are high and preThe waters are deep and
cipitous.
abound in trout of an extraordinary
is
size.
It is remarkable that the territory
surrounding this inland sea, possess-
rich abundance all the necessary requirements for the uses
and comforts of man, and within
three hundred miles of the capital
of New England, should be left a
wilderness garden, uninhabited and
almost unexplored; while thous-
ino- in
ands of Nev.' England men are pressing to distant regions, less healthfuf, ?LnA I ess productive, \\\^Qr\ markets for surplus produce are considered.
The only settlement, of any con-
sequence, on the borders of this
beautiful lake, is HaskelVs Plantation, at the southern boundary.—
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER,
This place lies 15 miles N. from
Monson, from which town stages
A
pass to Bangor, 60 miles.
steamboat plies up and down the lake,
for the purpose of transporting passengers, more particularly those
who are engaged in felling timber;
and for the pui-pose of towing the
timber
down
to
the
Kennebec
out-
let.
The lumber business on this lake
very extensive, and doubtless lucrative
but the time is not very
distant when this and other sections
of Maine, will be as much valued
for the fruits of the soil
and, under
the wise system of geological exploration, adopted b}/ the legisla-
the north peak above tide water, ii
4,636 feet
that of the south peak,
is 4,536 feet.
Baker's river has its
source on its eastern side.
—
Mooseluc]kmaguiitic
A
lialte,
Me.
sheet of water which
empties into the -Molechunkamunk,
about 2 miles south.
large
is
;
;
ture, for the quarries of slate, lime,
granite, marble, and even coal, as
they are now for their forests of
timber.
may
This lake
two bays.
tre
of
er
A
little
be divided into
above the cen-
less
it, is
a
narrow pass of rath-
than a mile across.
At
this place, on the v/estern side, is
Mount Keneo,an
elevation of five or
over the
water.
From this height a picturesque view of the lake, its islands,
six
hundred
feet projecting
and a boundless wilderness, is presented. When the wind blows fresh
from the north, the waters of the
north bay press through this strait
with considerable force, and cause
the south bay to rise
two or three
feet.
A
dam has been
erected at the
the purpose of raisinothe lake 3 or 4 feet, so as to let the
the water off as occasion may require, to facilitate the passage of
lumber on the river.
hope,
for the benefit of our friends down
stream, that the dam is of solid materials and well constructed.
outlet,
for
We
Mooseliillock Moiintaiai, N. H.,
Is a noble and lofty eminence
in the S. E. pai-t of Coventry, and
ranks
in
among
New
the highest mountains
The altitude of
England.
"Washington co.
Mad river, a
branch of the Onion, waters this
town and gives it good mill seats.
The surface is mountainous, and a
great part of the
soil unfit for cultiFirst settled, 1700.
Population, 1830, 816.
It lies 8 miles
vation.
S.
W. from
Montpelier.
Moi-gau, Wt.
Orleans co.
First settled, ISOO.
It lies 50 miles N. E. from Montpelier, and 15 N. N.E. from Irasburgh,
Population, 1830, 331.
Knowllun's
lake, a handsome sheet of water,
containing a variety of fish, lies in.
this town.
It is 4 miles in length,
and 2 in breadth, and empties nito
Clyde
river.
Morrlsto-4vii, Vt.
Lamoille
co.
This town
lies
20
W. from Montpelier,
fi-om Hyde Park.
First
miles N. by
and 6 S.
settled, 1790.
Population, 1830,
1,315.
The surface of the town is
diversified by hills and valleys;
the
soil is good, particularly on the
banks of Lamoille river, which affords some water power.
Here is
a neat village, and considerable
The people
business.
are generaland produce cattle, butter, cheese, and a large quantity of
wool for market.
ly farmers,
Moscow, Me.
Somerset co. Moscow is watered by a pond, and by a beautiful
stream, a branch of the Kennebec,
and lies on the east side of that
river.
It is 30 miles N. from Nor-
�NEW ENGLAND
ridgewock, and 58 N. from Augusta.
This town has a good soil and a
It was incorpopleasant village.
Population, 1837,
rated in 1816.
477. Wheat crop, same year, 4,273
bushels.
Moiiltonlborouglij N.
Strafford
W.
If.,
situated on the N.
Winnepisiogee lake.
co., is
shore of
This interesting town lies 45 miles
N. from Concord, and 20 E. from PlyThis town is broken by
mouth.
mountains and ponds. Red Hill, lying wholly within this town, commands notice from the east, south,
and west and extends about 3
miles from E. to W., between Red
Hill river on the N., Great Squam
on the W., Great Squam and Long
pond on the S., terminating S. E.
by a neck of line land extending
Its suminto the Winnepisiogee.
mit is covered with the uvce iirsi
and low blueberry bush, which in
autumn give the hill a reddish hue,
from which circumstance its name
was probably derived. A number
of oval bluffs rise on its summit,
from each of which the prospect
on either hand is extensive and deThe north bluff is suplightful.
posed to consist of a body of iron
Bog ore is found in a brook
ore.
Ossidescending from this bluff.
pee mountain extends its base into
this town, and is a commanding
;
On
elevation.
the south
part of
mountain, in Moultonborough,
mineral chalybeate spring, the
waters strongly impregnated with
iron and sulphur, and efficacious
About a
in cutaneous eruptions.
mile north is a spring of pure cold
water, 16 feet in diameter, through
this
is a
the centre of which the water, containing a small portion of fine white
sand, is constantly thrown up to the
height of two feet the spring furnishing water sufficient for mills.
On the stream nearly a mile below,
is a beautiful waterfall of 70 feet
Descending on the
perpendicular.
left of this fall, a cave is found, con-
—
23
GAZETTEER.
taining charcoal and other evidences of its having been a hiding
place for the Indians.
Red Hill
river originates in Sandwich, and
passes through this town into the
Long pond
Winnepisiogee.
is
a
beautiful sheet of water, and connects with the lake by a channel
Squam and
sixty rods in length.
Winnepisiogee lakes lie partly in
Moultonborough. The soil of this
town
is
though in some
Moultonborough was
1763, to Col. Jonathan
fruitful,
parts rocky.
granted in
Moulton and others.
commenced
Settlements
in 1764.
Many
Indian implements and relhave been found indicating this
to have been once their favorite
residence.
In 1820, on a small island in the Winnepisiogee,was found
a curious gun barrel, much worn by
ics
age and rust, divested of its stock,
enclosed in the body of a pitch pine
Its butt
tree 16 inches in diameter.
rested on a flat rock, its muzzle elIn 1819, a small
evated about 30°.
dirk, 1 1-2 feet in length from the
point to the end of the hilt, round
blade, was found in a new field, one
foot under ground, bearing strong
marks of antiquity.
On the line of Tuftonborough, on
the shore of the lake, at the mouth
of Melvin river, a gigantic skeleton
was found about 30 years since, buried in a
sandy
soil,
apparently that
of a man more than seven feet high
the jaw bones easily passing over
tumuthe face of a large man.
lus has been discovered on a piece
of newly cleared land, of the length
and appearance of a human grave,
—
and
A
handsomely
rounded
with
small stones, not found in this part
which stones are
of the country
too closely placed to be separated
by striking an ordinary blow with
a crow-bar, and bear marks of being
The Ossipee tribe
a composition.
of Indians once resided in this vicinity, and some years since a tree
was standing in Moultonborough,
on which was carved in hieroglyph;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ics the history of tlieir expeditions.
Population, 1S30, 1,422.
Mouat
Desert, Me.
Hancock
co.
This town comwhole island of the same
name, lying between Frenchman's
bay and the watei-s of Blue Hill
bay, and Union river, until 1795,
when the north part was set off and
called Eden.
It lies 110 miles E.
from Augusta. Incorporated, 1789.
unfit for cultivation, it being so
high on the Green mountain range.
It lies 6G miles S. by W. from Montpelier, and 19 S. by E. from Rutland.
Population, 1830, 210.
is
prised the
Population, 1837, 1,783.
This town has an extensive coast,
and a number of excellent harbors.
The people of Mount Desert own
considerable navigation employed
in the coasting trade ; and the shore
fishery, is a lucrative branch of
The soil of the town is
business.
good, and abundantly able to supply
the inhabitants with bread stuffs.
In 1837, the ocean towns of Mount
Desert and Eden, produced 671
of good wheat.
We men-
busheb
show
there
must be something, other than sea
causes that valuable
air, v/hich
grain to blight on the coast of Massachusetts.
tion
this
fact, to
Mount
that
Holly, Vt.
A pleasant town
Rutland co.
lying CO miles S. from Montpclier,
and 17 S. E. from Rutland. First
settled,
1781.
Population,
1830,
The surface of the town is
1,318.
elevated, and in some ports mountainous, but the soil is well adapted
and produces considerable quantities of wool, beef, butter, and cheese.
for grazing,
Mounts Holyoke
«fc
Toin, Mass.
See JYorihampton.
Mount Hope,
And Mount Hope Bay.
Bristol, M.
See
I.
Mount
Tal>or, Vt.
Rutland CO. Otter Creek rises in
thi'? town, by a branch on each side
of a mountain.
Most oi' the land
Mount Vernon, Me.
Kennebec
This town
co.
lies
W.
of Belgrade, E. of Vienna, and
15 miles N. W. from Augusta.
Incorporated, 1792. Population, 1837,
There are three pleasant
1,503.
villages in the town
the soil is remarkably good, and is watered by
a number of beautiful ponds and
small streams.
Wheat crop, 1837,
5,888 bushels.
:
Movmt Vernon,
K".
H.,
Hillsborough co., is 3 miles N.
W. from Amherst, and 28 S. W.
from Concord. There is but one
stream of any note, and this was
called by the Indians Quohquina-
passakessananagnog.
tion is elevated,
The
situa-
and towards the E.
and S E. there is a considerable
prospect.
There is a flourishing
village situated near the highest
point of elevation.
This town was
originally a part of Amherst, from
which it was detached in 1803.
Dr.
Daniel Adams, who com-
menced and conducted
the Medical
and Agricultural Register, and is
author of a popular system of arithmetic, school geography, and a
number of useful school books, has
his residence in this place.
Popu-
lation, 1830, 7G3.
Mount Wasliington,
Mass.
Berkshire co. This town lies in
W. corner of the state, bordering on Ct. and N. Y. It is 135
miles W, by S. from Boston, 22 S.
S. W. from Lenox, and 26 S. E.
fiom Hudson, N. Y. Incorporated,
1779.
Population, 1837, 337.
These people seem to enjoy a
more elevated situation than any of
one of their hills
their neighbors
They
is 3,150 feet above the sea.
keep GOO sheep, and manufacture
the S.
:
�NEW ENGLAND
about 100,000 bushels of charcoal,
mountain stream afannually.
fords them a water power for an axe
These people,
factory and forge.
likewise, appear to be more inde-
A
pendent of the common wants of
mankind than other folks; for they
have no minister, physician, lawyer, post office, or tavern, yet they
are remarkably healthy ; and as far
as we can judge, intelligent and
kind.
Muscougus River and Bay, Me.
Lincoln
J\Tuscongus river,
rises in large ponds in the interior
of the county, and on the border of
Waldo county
it passes
through
Waldoborough, and separating Bremen and Friendship, it forms the
head waters of Muscongus bay.
This bay has a number of islands
and lies between St. George's islands off the town of St. George,
on the E., and Pemmaquid point,
co.
:
—
in
Bremen, on the W.
Naliaut; Mass.
a part of the beautiful town of
It is a peninsula, jutting
out about 5 miles into Massachu-
is
Lynn.
bay, and forms Lynn bay on
From Boston to Nahant
the south.
hotel, on the eastern point of the
peninsula, by land, is 14 miles
from the centre of Lynn, 5; and
from Salem 9 miles. On the N. E.
side of this peninsula is a beach of
great length and smoothness.
It is
setts
so hard that a horse's foot-steps are
scarcely visible ; and, from half-tide
to low water, it affords a ride of su-
exaggeration.
ing, excellent accommodations: the
ocean scenery is exceedingly beautiful in fair weather, and truly sublime in a storm.
Nautasket, Mass.
See Hull.
Nantucket Co. Mass. and Totvu*
An
island in the Atlantic ocean
town and county.
It lies E. of
Dukes county, and about 30 miles
S. of Cape Cod, or Barnstable counThis island is about 15 miles in
length, from east to west, and about
4 miles average breadth.
It contains 50 square miles.
The town,
formerly called Shelhurne, is in
about the centre of the island, on
the north side, in lat. 41° 16' 42",
W. Ion., 70° 7' 42". It is 100 miles
S. E. by S. from Boston, 55 S. E.
Bedford, 30 S. E. from
from
ty.
New
Falmouth, and 500 from Washing
Population, 1337, 9,048.
harbor,
with 7 1-2 feet of water, at low tide,
on the bar at its mouth. This island
was formerly well wooded, but for
many years it has not had a single
The soil is
tree of natural growth.
ton.
Nantucket has a good
This celebrated watering place,
perior excellence.
said in praise of
GAZETTEER.
Much may
be
Nahant without
Its formation, situa-
and rugged shore, excites the
curiosity of all, and many thousands annually visit it for health, or
tion,
pleasure.
It is only 10 miles N. E. from
Boston, by the steam-boats, continuat
ally plying in summer months
this place are good lishing and fowl:
light and sandy;
it
however
affords
pasturage for about 7,000 sheep, 500
cows, and other cattle. In 1659,
when
this county was incorporated,
the island contained 3,000 Indians,
but now, not one.
The whale fishery commenced
here in 1690 ; and this place is,
perhaps,
more celebrated than
any other, for the enterprize and
success of its people, in that species of nautical adventure. Indeed
Nantucket is the mother of that
great branch of wealth in America,
In the year
if not in the world.
ending April 1, 1837, Nantucket
employed 74 vessels in that fishery,
the tonnage of which was 25,875
tons
1,277,009 gallons of sperm
and whale oil was imported, the
value of which was $1,114,012.
The number of hands employed,
was
1,897.
The
capital
invested.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
fertility and beauty; the principal
of which are Connanicut, Prudence,
Patience, Block and Hope. This
bay is near the ocean ; is accessible
at all seasons
is well protected by
powerful forts, and affords some of
the best harbors in the world. The
board of naval commissioners have
recently reported to Congress that
the waters of Narraganset Bay afford greater advantages for a naval
depot, than any other unoccupied
position on the coast of the United
this includes the
;
ships and outfits only ; yet many of
the manufactories of tlie place, are
appendages of the whale fishery ;
altogether, employing a capital of
over five millions of dollars. There
are manufactures on the island, of
vessels, whale boats, bar iron, tin
ware, boots, shoes, oil casks, and
was $2,520,000
;
candle boxes. The whole amount
of the manufactures, for that year,
including oil and candles, was ^2,524,907. Total tonnage of the district of Nantucket, in 1S37, 29,960
States.
tons.
Narraguagus River & Bay, Me.
Great attention is paid to education on this island.
The men are
noted for their sedateness and daring
spirit, and the women for their intelligence and beauty.
JVantucket Shoals is a dangerous place, where many a sailor has
found a watery grave. They lie
S. E. from the island, and cover an
area of about 50 by 45 miles.
Washington co. The river rises
in several ponds in Beddington, and
passing in a southeastern direction,
falls into a bay of the same name,
between Harrington and Steuben.
The bay contains a number of islands, between which is a good passage into Pleasant bay, on the east
side.
Naples, Me.
IVastiawn Island, Mass.,
This town was
formed from Otisfield and Raymond,
and incorporated in 1S34. It is watered by Sebago and Songo ponds,
and Crooked and Muddy rivers. It
has good mill privileges, and a pro-
Cumberland
ductive
co.
W.
A beautiful stream on the S.part of
co.
N.H. has its source
Worcester county, Massachusetts.
It is formed of two branches
called the north and south branches.
The north branch is formed of two
streams, one from Ashburnham, the
other from Wachuset ponds. The
south branch is composed of Still
in
from
Portland.
'Narraganset Bay, R.
Nasliua River,
Hillsborough
Population, 1837, 722.
Naples lies 63 miles W. S. W. from
soil.
Augusta, and 27 N. N.
And Nashawejvna. See Eliz"
abeth Islands.
I.
This delightful bay lies wholly
within the limits of Rhode Island
its entrance extends from Point Juriver, issuing from the E. side of
dith on the west, to Seaconnet Wachuset mountain, and a small
Rocks on the east, and terminates stream from Quinepoxet pond in
at Bullock's point, about 6 miles Holden.
These branches are unibelow the city of Providence. The ted in Lancaster, from which the
length of this bay is about 28 miles
main river proceeds in a N. E.
its breadth varies from 3 to 12 miles.
course to Harvard, Shirley, Groton,
It receives the waters of the Taunand Pepperell in Massachusetts
ton, Providence, Pawtuxet, and and from thence into New Hampother rivers, and on its borders are shire through Hollis, and nearly
Newport, Bristol, Warren, and oth- the centre of the town of Nashua,
er large and flourishing towns.
It
where it falls into the Merrimack
is decked with many islands of great
river.
:
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Nasliua, N. H.
Hillsborough
co.
This
town
originally embraced a large extent
of territory, and was called DunIt lies 34 miles
stable until 1S36.
S. by E. from Concord, 12 S. E.
from Amherst, and 12 N. W. from
Lowell. The population of Dunstable, in 1830, was 2,414. Population
of Nashua, in 1S36, 5,0G5 ; 1837,
5,G13; 1838, 5,691.
In the N. E. part of the town,
on Nashua river, is the flourishing
Village of A^'ashiia, the centre of
a considerable trade, and the seat
This
of important manufactures.
village contains 8 beautiful churches, a large number of elegant dwelling-houses, 50 stores, and 10 taverns.
The
JS^'ashiia
Coynpany was
factures on Nashua river and the
waters of Salmon brook.
The Nashua and Lowell
rail-
road was opened for travel on the
Sth of October, 1838.
The soil of Nashua has considerable variety.
It is easy of cultivation, and is generally productive.
The east part of the town, lying on
the river, presents avery level surface.
The west parts are divided
into hills and valleys, but the whole
township may be considered far
from being hilly or mountainous.
watered by the Nashua river,
a fertilizing stream, which rises in
the state of Massachusetts, and
Salmon brook, a small stream which
originates from several ponds in
It is
Both of these empty into
Merrimack river, the former at
Manufacturing Nashua village, the latter about one
incoi-porated in 1823.
Ithas three cotton mills, 155 feet in
length, 45 in breadth and six stories
in height. They contain 22,000 spindles, 710 looms, and manufacture
9,390,000 yai-ds of cloth per annum.
Their canal is 3 miles long, 60 feet
wide, and 8 feet deep.
Head and
fall, 33 feet.
Capital, $750,000.
Groton.
and a half mile below.
This was for a long time a frontier town, and the first settlers were
many
in
times annoyed by the Indians,
the successive v/ars in which
country was engaged with
them. In the war with the famous
Narraganset sachem, this town
was much exposed, and some of
this
the inhabitants fled to the older set-
In Lovewell's war, the
The Jackson Manvfacturing tlements.
Company was incorporated in 1824. company in this town under the
Capital, $600,000.
They have two brave Capt. John Lovewell, acquircotton mills, 155 feet long, 47 wide,
These mills
and 4 stories high.
contain 11,500 spindles, and 388
looms.
They manufacture 5,634,000, yards of cloth annually. Their
canal is half a mile in length, and
serves for transportation on the
Head and fall, 20 feet.
The volume of water afforded by
the Nashua river, at the dryest sea-
river.
son of the year, is 180 cubic feet
per second.
The number of operatives in all
fethe mills at Nashua is 1,448:
The
males, 1,288; males, 160.
number of pounds of cotton used is
14,500 per day, or 4,533,500 lbs. per
Their
ed an imperishable name.
successes at first, and misfortunes
afterwards, have been often repeated and are generally known.
Dunstable belonged to Massachusetts till the divisional line between the two provinces of Massachusetts and New Hampshire wms
settled, in 1741.
It was incorporaHampshire, April 1,
ted by
1746, and the name was altered to
Nashua in December, 1836.
New
NatcSiaiig River, Ct.
—
annum.
There are other valuable manu-
23*
This
is
the largest branch of the
It rises in Union and
Woodstock, and joins the Shetucket
near the line of Chaplin and Mans-
Sheiucket.
field.
�NEW ENGLAND
Watick, Mass.
GAZETTEER.
eral
river.
It contains numerous valuable mill seats.
There are in the
town 6 paper mills, a cotton factory, and manufactures of shoes,
hats, and v/indow blind hinges
with
annual value, about
Middlesex CO. Natick is a pleasant town, of good soil
it is watered
by Charles riv^er, and contains sev:
delightful ponds, well stored
fish.
This was a favorite resort of the Indians.
There are
:
Incorporated, 1711. Population, 1837,
l,4i)2.
Needham lies 4 m.iles N.
W. from Dedham, and 12 W. S. W.
fi-om Boston, by the Boston and Worcester rail-road.
some moderate elevations in the
town: the Indians used to call it
" the place of hills."
Under the advice and direction
of the apostle Elliot, the first Indian church in
England was
Neddocli, Cape, Me.
New
A
rocky, barren bluff, inhabited
by a fev.f fishermen, about 3 miles
N. from York harbor.
formed here in IfiGO, and comprised
40 communicants.
The manufactures of the town
consist principally of shoes.
Dur-
Mclson, M.
ing the year ending April 1, 1837,
250,650 pairs were made, valued at
$213,053
employing 452 hands.
This town was incorporated in 1781.
Population, 1830,890; 1837,1,221.
It lies 1() miles W. S. W. from Boston, and 12 S. from Concord.
;
River, Ct,
The best mill privileges are
furnished by streams issuing from
ponds in this town, of which there
are four, containing a surface of
1,800 acres.
There is a cotton and
other manufactories.
The inhabitants arc principally farmers of industiious habits.
It was chartered
Feb. 22, 1774, by the name of
Pachersfiehl.
In June, 1814, the
river.
This important mill stream is
ahout 50 miles in length.
It lises
in the north part of Litchfield county, and after traversing a S. course
nearly the whole length of that
county, it crosses the west part of
New Haven county, and falls into
the Hnusatonick at Derby.
Neal's Bi'ooli
and Pond,
Vt.
Neal's brook, or branch, rises in
Lunen burgh and the border of
Guildhall, and running south falls
into a pond of the same name.
It
continues its course south and meets
the Connecticut.
This is a short
stream, but valuable on account of
its water power.
JYeaVs pond, a mile in length,
and a half mile in width, is a
handsome sheet of water, and contains a variety of fish.
Needliani, Mass.
name was
altered to Nelson.
The
settlements commenced inl767.
Nelson lies 40 miles S. W. from
Concord, and 8 N. E. from Keene.
Population, 1830, 875.
first
I
K'ep onset Hiver,
Norfolk
The
Mass.
sources ot this
river are in Canton, Stoughton, and
Sharon.
It receives a tributary
from Charles river. Mother brook,
so called, and meets the tide of Boston harbor at Milton Mills, 4 miles
from Dorchester bay.
This is a
noble mill stream on its navigable
waters is the depository of the Quincy granite rail-road company, and
CO.
:
Norfolk CO. This town is nearly
surrounded by the waters of Charles
II,,
Cheshire co., is situated on tlie
height of land between Connect!
cut and Meriimack rivers.
The
surface is hilly, but good for grazing.
In the S. part^ a branch of
the Ashuelot river rises
and from
Long pond in this town, and Hancock, issues a branch of Ccntoocook
:
K'aiigat'iicls;
ie;150,00{).
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
at its
mouth is Commercial
Point, in
Dorchester, a beautiful place, with
an excellent harbor.
Ke^vaggen, Cape, Me.
with the village of Fairferry has also been established, on which it is proposed to
run a steam boat.
New Bedford was incorporated
nects
it
haven.
A
This cape is a part of the town of
Loothbay. It extends about 5 miles
into the sea, and forms the eastern
in 1787, previous
boundary of Sheepscot's bay.
was
Ne-^vai-k, Vt.
Caledonia co. The Passumpsic
river is formed in this town by a
collection of streams issuing principally from ponds.
The town is
not mountainous, but the soil is cold
and generally unproductive.
It
lies 44 miles N. E. from Montpe!ier,and 19 N. W. from Guildhall.
First settled, ISOO.
Population, in
1830, 257.
K'e^v Aslifortl,
Mass.
Berkshire co. This is a mountainous township, but the soil is
good for grazing.
In 1S37, tlie value of 2,708 fleeces of wool, produced in tliis town, weighing 7,785
pounds, was worth $3,893. New
Ash ford produces fine white and
variegated marble, and is the source
of Green river.
It lies 130 miles
W. by N. from Boston, and 18 N.
from Lenox.
Incorporated, 1801.
Population, 1837, 253.
Neiv Bedford, Mass.
This is a half shire town of Bristol
county, and port of entry, pleasantly situated on the W. side of the
a river, or more pi-opcrly an estuary, connected with BuzThe ground on which
zard's bay.
the town stands rises rapidly from
the river, and allbrds an interesting
view from the opposite side.
The upper part of the town is
laid out into beautiful streets, which
contain many costly and superb
Acushnet,
dwellings.
This harbor, though not easy of
access, is capacious and well securwooden bridge,
ed from winds.
near the centre of the town, con-
A
to
stituted a part of the
mouth.
which it contown of Dart-
In
1812, the eastern part
separate township
by the name of Fairhaven.
The almost exclusive business of
the place is the whale fishery,
which commenced before the war
of the revolution, and has gradually grown to its present importance.
The increase, however, within the
last 12 years has been more rapid
than during any former period.
The number of ships and brigs now
employed is 160.
Tonnage of the
district, in 1837, 85,130 tons.
There are 16 oil manufactories, at
which a large amount of oil and canconsiderable quandles is made.
tity of the oil imported is, however,
sold in the crude state to other plaset otf as a
A
ces.
The manufactures of the town
consist of leather, boots, shoes, hats,
iron castings, axes, chairs, tin and
cabinet wares, vessels, salt, cordage, soap, Prussian blue, paper
hangings, carriages, looking-glass
the
fiames, and carpenter's tools
total value, for the year ending
April 1, 1837, including oil and can:
amounted to .$€90,800. There
were imported, during that year,
dles,
2,472,735 gallons of oil, and 305,170
pouu'is of whale bone, the value
The
of which was $1,750,832.
capital invested in the whale fish-
The numery was $4,210,000.
ber of hands employed was 4,000.
Few places in Massachusetts have
increased in population more rapidly
than tills.
By the census of 1790,
the population of the village was
In 1830, the township
about 700.
in 1833, 9,200,
contained 7,592
and in 1837, 14,304.
;
V/ilhin a few years, the inhabitants
of this town have manifested a commendable liberality in providing the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
There is a
means of education.
flourishing academy in the town, and
large sums are annually appropriated tor the maintenance of public
and private schools.
rail-road will soon be constructed from this place, to meet the Bos-
A
ton
and
Scekonk,
of Fall River; or to
Providence,
at
by the way
meet the Taunton
ton.
By
rail-road at Tauneither of those routes, a
Boston or New York, would
A large and
be very pleasant.
wealthy town, highly flourisliing
in its commerce and manufactures
like this, with the neighboring islands of Nantucket and Martha's
Vineyard, seem to require it.
New Bedford lies 52 miles S.
from Boston, 52 N. W. from Nantucket, 14 E. by S. fi-om Fall River,
20 S. S. E. from Taunton, and 214
N. E. by E. from New York.
trip to
Ne^v Bostoii, N.
11.,
Hillsborough co., is 9 miles N.
N. W. from Amherst, and 22 S.
by W. from Concord. It is watered by several streams, the largest
of which is the S. branch of Piscataquog river, having its source in
Pleasant pond, in Francestown.
This town consists of fertile hills,
productive vales, and some valuable
The soil is favorable for
the vai'ious productions common
to this section of the state, and there
are many excellent farms, under
good cultivation. In the S. part of
Boston, there is a considerable
elevation, called Jo English hill, on
one side of which it is nearly perpendicular.
Its height is 572 feet.
1768; died May 28, 1803, aged 67.
Population, 1830, 1,680.
New Braiiitree, Mass.
Ware river and
co.
other streams water this town, and
Worcester
afford
town
The
is
Ne^\'l>«irgli,
Me.
Penobscot co.
This is a good
township of land, 54 miles N. E.
from Augusta, and 14 S. W. from
Bangor. Incorporated, 1819. Population, 1830, 626; 1837,867. Watered by a branch of the Sowadabscook.
Wheat
bushels.
crop,
1837,
5,041
Newbury, N. H.
Merrimack
co.
This town was
caWed Dantzick ; it was
incorporated by the name of Fish-
originally
ersfield, in 1778,
and took
ent name, in 1S37.
N.
all
30
Beard's pond, and Jo English pond,
are the only ponds of note.
New
Boston was granted, 173G, to inhabitants of Boston.
It was incorporated, 1763.
The first settlement
commenced about the year 1733.
The first minister was Rev. Solomon Moor, from Ireland, who received his education at Glasgow.
In Feb. 1767, he arrived at New
Boston, and was ordained Sept. 6,
good mill privileges.
of the
:
meadows.
New
it
good, particularly for grazing
it has become celebrated for its good farmers, and for
its excellent beef cattle, butter and
cheese.
There is a cotton mill in
manufactures of
the town, and
leather, palm-leaf hats, &c.
It lies
60 miles W. from Boston, and 18 W.
N. W. from Worcester. Incorporated, 1751. Population, 1837, 780.
soil
It lies
its pres40 miles
V/. by W. from Amherst, and
W. by N. from Concord. The
S. part of
N. W.
Sunapee lake lies in the
Todd pond, 500 rods
part.
and 60 in width, affords a
branch to Warner river.
From Chalk pond issues a small
stream communicating with Suna-
in length,
small
pee lake. The land is generally
mountainous, and the soil hard and
rocky.
The first settlement in this
town was made in the year 1762,
by Zephaniali Clark, Esq. Population, 1830, 793.
Netvlrary, Vt.
This is a beautiful
Orange co.
town on the W. side of Connecticut river, and supplied with mill
privileges by Wells river^ and
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER,
Hariman'sand
Hill's brooks.
These
brooks have their sources in ponds
Newbury
of considerable size.
comprises the tract commonly called the Greai Oxbow, on a bend in
Connecticut river. This tract is of
great extent, and celebrated for its
luxuriance and beauty. The agricultural productions of the town are
very valuable, consisting of beef
cattle, wool, and all the varieties of
The town contains a
the dairy.
number of mineral springs, of some
celebrity in scrofulous and cutane-
ous complaints.
The
villages
of
JVewhury mid
Wells River are very pleasant
they command a flourishing trade,
and contain manufacturing estab:
lishments of various kinds.
Some
of the buildings are very handsome.
The scenery of the windings of the
river through this fine tract of alluvial meadow, contrasted with the
abrupt acclivities in the north part
of the town, is very striking and
beautiful.
The town
verhill,
is
connected with Ha-
N. H., by two
bridges.
It
27 miles S. E. from Montpelier,
and 20 N. E. from Chelsea. PopuFirst settled,
lation, 1830, 2,252.
lies
1764.
many
The
first
to
go
A
sandy beach and salt meadow and
is noted for the beach plum, which
ripens in September.
;
A
curious cavern, called the
" Devil's Den," contains specimens
of asbestos, limestone, marble, serpentine and amianthos. The scenery on the high grounds is rich, variegated and beautiful.
Dummer academy, founded in
1756,
is a flourishing institution: it
situated in the parish of " By-
is
field."
The manufactures of Newbury
consist of cotton goods, leather,
boots, shoes, carriages, cordage,
fishing nets, bed cords and cotton
lines
annual value about ^75,000,
:
A
large number of vessels are built
in the town, and some navigation
is owned and employed in the coast-,
ing trade and fishery.
This town is celebrated as the
birth place of many distinguished
endured men.
Theophilus Parsoivs,
For some years LL. D., an eminent jurist, was born
Charlestown to in Newbury. February 24, 1750.
settlers
hardships.
they had
pleasant streams ; the former falls
nearly 50 ft^et in the town, and affords it good mill seats.
part of
Plum island, is attached to this town.
This island, about nine miles in
length and one in breadth, extending from Ipswich river to the mouth
of the Merrimack, is comprised of
to
mill, 60 miles distant, carrying their
grain in canoes down the river, or
drawing it on the ice.
General Bailey, a patriot of the
revolution, distinguished himself in
the settlement of the town.
The state legislature held their
sessions in Newbury, in the years
1787, and 1801.
He
died in Boston, October 6, 1813.
Newbury was
first
settled,
in
1635.
Its Indian name \vas Qua/'
caciinquen.
It lies 31 miles N. by
E. from Boston, 17 N. from Salem,
and 3 S. from Newburyport. Pop
ulation, 1837, 3,771.
KTeAvbiiryport, Mass.
Newtotiry, Mass.
One of the shire towns of Essex
county. Thisis considered one of the
Essex CO. This ancient and respectable town, lies on Merrimack
river, opposite to Salisbury. It formerly comprised the territory of
most beautiful towns in New EngIt lies on a gentle acclivity,
on the south bank of the Merrimack, at the union of that river
with the ocean. In point of terri-
Newburyport and West Newbury.
The soil is of an excellent quality,
and in a high state of cultivation.
Parker and Artichoke rivers are
land.
it is the smallest town in the
commonwealth, being only one mile
square.
It was taken from New-
tory,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
bury in 1764. Population, in 1837,
This place has been and
6,741.
now
is
considerably noted for
its
commerce and
ship building. Some
of the old continental frigates were
built here ; and in 1790, the tonnage of the port was 11,870 tons.
Of late years the foreign commerce
of the place has diminished, in consequence of a sand bar at the mouth
of the harbor.
This place has considerable inland and foreign commerce. It has four whale ships,
and a large amount of tonnage engaged in the freighting business
and the cod and mackerel fisheries.
Tonnage of the district, in 1837,
22,078 tons.
The manufactures of Nevvburyport consist of cotton goods, boots,
shoes, hats, bar iron, iron castings,
chairs, cabinet and tin wares, combs,
spirits, vessels, snuff, segars, organs, soap and candles: annual
amount about $350,000. The product of the whale fishery, the year
ending April 1, 1837, was $142,982.
During the same period, this town
and Newbury had 128 vessels employed in the
cod and mackerel
1,000 hands:
product that year, $177,700.
Newburyport lies 34 miles N. by
E. from Boston, 20 N. fiom Salem,
24 S. by W. from Portsmouth, N.
H., and 2 miles S. E. from Essex
bridge.
Lat. 42° 47' N.
Ion. 70°
47' W.
From the mouth of this
harbor. Plum Island, extends to the
employing
fishery,
;
mouth
of Ipswich river.
The Hon. William Bartlett
and Moses Brown, Esq., distinguished for their enterprise and integrity as merchants, were natives
of this town.
The celebrated George Whitefield, one of the founders of the
sect of the Methodists, and one of
its most eloquent preachers, died in
this town, Sept. 21, 1770.
A
handsome monument has been
erected to his memory, by the Hon.
William Bartlett,
lowing
is
This Cenotaph
Is erected, with affectionate
veneration, to
the fola part of the inscription
The memory
of the
Rev. GEORGE WHITEFIELD
Born at Gloucester, England,
December
Educated
IG, 1714.
Oxford University}
Ordained 1736.
at
In a ministry of thirty-four years,
crossed tlie Atlantic thirteen times,
He
And preached more
Than eighteen thousand sermons.
As a Soldier of the
Cross, humble, devout, ardent.
He put on the
Whole armor of God; Preferring
The honour of Christ
To his own interest, repose.
Reputation, and life.
New
Cauaau,
Ct.
This town was taken from Norwalk and Stamford in
1801.
It lies .5 miles N. W. from
Norwalk, 37 W. S. W. from New
Haven, and 50 N. E. from New
York. Population, 1830, 1,826.—
Fairfield co.
The
surface of
tlie
town
is
rough
and mountainous; the soil is a hard,
gravelly loam, but generally productive.
The manufacture of shoes
is carried on to a considerable extent
the annual value is about
$400,000.
An academy was established here
in 1815, and has acquired a high
reputation.
It stands on an elevated and commanding situation, having a fine prospect of Long Island
Sound and the intervening country.
Pestles and other Indian implements
have been found at the north part of
the town, which probably was the
resort of the natives.
Excavations
in solid rock, one large enough to
contain eight gallons, are found
these were doubtless Indian mor:
tars.
New
Castle,
Me.
Lincolnco. New Castle lieson the
side of Damariscotta river, about
15 miles from its mouth.
It is
36 miles S. E. from Augusta, and
8 N. E. from Wiscasset.
Incorpo-
W.
�NEW ENGLAND
Population, in 18.37,
rated, 1753.
This is a pleasant town, and
1,545.
flourishing in its trade and navigation.
New
Castle, N. H.,
Rockingham
co., is a rough and
rocky island, situated in Portsmouth
harbor, and formerly called Great
A
handsome bridge, built
Island.
in 1821, connects this town with
Portsmouth. Here is an ancient
church.
Rev. Samuel Moody
preached here previous to the commencement of the ISth century.
New Castle was incorporated in
This
1693, and contains 458 acres.
island was the seat of business,
when ancient Strawberry Bank
was the mere germ of the town of
Portsmouth.
Fishing is here pur.sued with success ; and the soil
anions: the rocks, being of good
quality, is made to produce abundantly.
Fort Constitution and the
light-house stand on this island.
Population, 1830, 850.
Ne^v Fairfield, Ct.
Fairfield co. This is a small township, rough and hilly, with a hard
and gravelly soil. It lies 64 miles
S. W. from Hartford, and 7 N. from
Danbury.
Incorporated, in 1740.
Population, 1830, 940.
New
Durliam, N. H.
of the latter is a remarkable cave,
the entrance of which is about 3
feet wide and 10 feet high.
The
outer room is 20 feet square ; the
inner apartments become smaller,
until at the distance of 50 feet they
are too small to be investigated.
The sides, both of the galleries and
the rooms are solid granite.
They
bear marks of having been once
united, and were probably separated by some great convulsion of
nature.
There is a fountain, over which a
part of Ela's river passes, which is
regarded as a curiosity. By sinking
a small mouthed vessel into this
fountain, water may be procured
extremely cold and pure. Its depth
has not been ascertained.
Near the
centre of the town is Rattlesnake
hill, the S. side of which is almost
100 feet high, and nearly perpendicular.
Several other hills in this
town contain precipices and cavities, some of considerable extent.
Durham was granted in 1749.
It was incorporated Dec. 7, 1762.
Elder Benjamin Randall, the
founder of the sect of Freewill
Baptists, commenced his labors here
in 1780, and organized a church.
He died in 1808, aged 60.
Durham lies 30 miles N. E.
New
New
from Concord, and 32 N. W. by N.
Population, in 1830,
from Dover.
1,162.
The
surface of this
town is very uneven, a portion so
rocky as to be unfit for cultivation.
The soil is generally moist, and
There
well adapted to grazing.
Durham, the
are 5 ponds in
largest of which is INIerrymeeting
pond, about 10 miles in circumference, from which a copious and
perpetual stream runs into Merrymeeting bay, in Alton. Ela's river
flows from Coldrain pond into Farmington, on which is a fine waterfall.
The Cocheco also has its source
here. Mount Betty, Cropple-crown
and Straw's mountains are the principal eminences.
On the N. E. side
Strafford co.
GAZETTEER.
New
NeM'fane, Vt.
Windham
County town.
about 100 miles S.
from Montpelier, and 12 N. W.
from Brattleborough. First settled,
The town is watered by a
1766.
branch of West river, and several
other streams.
The surface of the
town is diversified by hills and valleys; the soil is good, and produces
white oak and walnut in abundance.
There is but little waste land in the
town: the uplands are inferior to
none for grazing, and the intervales
Newfane
afford excellent tillage.
exhibits a great variety of minerals.
Newfane
co.
lies
�among which
are
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
some of value.
New Gloucester, Me.
Perhaps no town in the state presents a more inviting field for the
mineralogist than
this.
There are two pleasant villages
town. The centre village
contains the county buildings
it is
on elevated land, and commands a
very extensive and delightful prospect. Population, 1830, 1,441.
in the
:
NeAvfoiind Pond and River,N.H.
See Bristol.
Novfield, Me.
York CO. This town is watered
by Little Ossipee river, and lies 99
miles S. W. by W. from Au2:usta,
and 15 N. W. from Alfred, "it is
a good farming town and produces
considerable wheat and wool.
It
was incorporated in 1794. Population, 1837, 1,322
Cumberland CO. This is a pleasant
and flourishing farming town, 23
miles N. from Portland, and 38 S.
W. from Augusta. Incorporated,
1774.
Population, 1837, 1,861.
It
watered by Royal's river,
on which are mills of various kinds.
The soil of the town is very fertile,
containing large tracts of intervale.
is
well
The
first
to build a
settlers
were compelled
block house
for their protection against the Indians.
In this
building the people attended public worship for a number of years.
This town has an abundant water
power, a school fund of $4,000, and
a society of about 300 of those neat
and industrious people, " whose
faith is one and whose practice is
one." See Canterbury, JV. H.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
This
state is
bounded north by Lower Canada,
east
by Maine, south-
of Massachusetts, south by Massaeast by the Atlantic and the State
by Vermont. Situated between 42°
chusetts, and west and north-west
40'
and 45°
168, and
its
and 70° 35'
greatest breadth about 90 miles, and
16'
N.
lat.,
and 72°
27'
W.
it
Ion.
Its
length
is
comprises an area of
about 9,280 square miles.
and the first setThe first discovery of New Hampshire was in 1614,
and Portsmouth, in 1623;
tlements made by Europeans were at Dover
Pilgrims at Plymouth. The
only three vears after the landing of the
Hampton, in 1638. The inhabitnext settlements were at Exeter and
until after the cession of Canants of these and all the early settlements,
annoyed by the Indians, who
ada to England by France, were greatly
In the rein\rge and powerful bodies in this then wilderness.
existed
New Hampshire suffered more
peated and general wars with the Indians,
colony was twice united with that'
than any other of the colonies. This
separation did not take place until 1741,
of Massachusetts, and the final
In the revoluwhen the boundaries of the two colonies were settled.
and honorable part.
a distinguished
tionary contest. New Hampshire bore
of the
was freely shed on most of the battle fields
made a public
As early as June 15, 1776, New Hampshire
revolution.
of that year, the
Declaration^ of Ixdepei^denck, and in December
which
adopted a temporary form of Government,
The
blood of her sons
delegates of the people
was continued
24
until 1784,
when
the
first
constitution
was adopted.
This
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
beino- found deficient in
adopted in 1792, which
is
some of
now
its
provisions, a
new
constitution
was
in force.
The executive power h vested in a Governor and five Counsellors, chosen annually by the people. The legislature consists of the Senate, comprising twelve members, chosen in twelve districts, and the House of
Representatives, chosen annually in the month of March, every town
having 150 rateable polls being entitled to send one, and an additional
The legislature assembles
representative for every 300 additional polls.
Concord, on the first Wednesday of June.
annually at
All male citizens, of 21 years and upwards, except paupers and persons excused from taxes, have a right to vote for state officers
dence of
at
least three months within the town being required
—a
resi-
to entitle
the person to vote.
The
Courts of
Common
law terms once
rior
power
judiciary
Pleas.
vested in a Superior Court of Judicature, and
The
four Judges of the
Superior Court, hold
year in each of the counties; and Judges of the Supe-
a
Court are ex
is
officio
Presiding Judges in the courts of
Common
Pleas,
holden semi-annually in each county, by one of the Superior Judges
with the two Associate Justices of the
The Judges
Common
Pleas for each coun'y.
hold their offices during good behavior, until 70 years of age
but are subject
to
;
removal by impeachment, or by address of the two
houses of the legislature.
Succession of Governors.
Meshech Weare,* 1776— 1784.
John Langdon, 1785. John Sullivan,
John Langdon, 1788. John Sullivan, 1789. Josiah BartJohn Taylor Gilman, 1794-1804. John Langdon,
lett, 1790—1793.
1805-1808. Jeremiah Smith, 1809. John Langdon, 1810, 1811. William Plumer, 1812. John Taylor Gilman, 1813— 1815.
William Plumer,
1816—1818.
Samuel Bell, 1819—1822.
Levi Woodbury, 1823.—
David Lawrence Morril, 1821 1826. Benjamin Pierce, 1827. John
Bell, 1823.
Benjamin Pierce, 1829. Matthew Harvey, 1830. Samuel
Dinsmoor, 1831—1833. William Badger, 1834, 1835.
Isaac Hill, 1836
1786, 1787.
—
— 183S.
John Page, 1839—
Succession of Chief Justices of the Superior Court,
Meshech Weare, 1776—1781.
Samuel Livermore, 1782—1789. JoJohn Pickering, 1791—1794. Simeon Olcott, 1795
Jeremiah Smith, 1802— 1808. Arthur Livermore, 1809— 1812.
siah Bartlett, 1790.
—1801.
* The Chief Magistrates were styled Presideiit, until the adoption of the
Constitution of 1792, when the title of Governor was substituted.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Jeremiah Smith, 1813—1815.
Joel Parker,
1837.
New
Hampshire
Counties.
—
William Merchant Richardson, 1816
1838—
is
divided into eight counties, as follows
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ern part of the state, are of great elevation, and afford the grandest display of mountain scenery in our country. See Winnepisio gee Lake, and
Mountains
Wliite
Hew
hy W.
N. W.
river,
Hamptoii; N.
II.j
native
co.,
town,
in
the
year
1777.
The Academical and Theologi-
30 miles N.
from Concord, and about 20
Populafrom Gilmanton.
Strafford
tion,
— also Register.
lies
cal Institution, in this town, is finely located and in a very prosperous
The average number of
condition.
male and female scholars is about
This is one of the best semi375.
naries of learning in our country.
Pemigewasset
which washes the W. bound-
1830, 1,904.
is the only stream of magnitude ; and over it is thrown the
bridge which vmites the town with
ary,
See Register.
NeAV Hartford, Ct.
Bristol.
a remarkable spring on
the W. side of Kelly's hill in this
town, from which issues a stream
There
is
Litchfield co. This town was first
settled in 1733.
It lies 20 miles N.
\Y. from Hartford, and 11 N. E.
sufficient to supply several mills. from Litchfield.
Population, 1830,
This stream is never affected by 1,766. The surface of the town is
rains or droughts, and falls into the hilly and mountainous.
The lands
river after running about a mile. are best adapted for grazing.
It is
Pemigewasset pond lies on the bor- watered by Farmington river and
der of Meredith. There are 4 other other streams, on which are several
The soil of mills.
ponds in this town.
Hampton, though the surface
" In the eastern part of
!
New
this
broken and uneven, is remarkably fertile, producing in abundance
most kinds of grain and grass. The
industry of the inhabitants has en-
is
abled them in years of scarcity to
supply the wants of other towns.
In the S. part of the town there is
a high hill of a conical form which
may be seen in almost any direction from 10 to 50 miles; the prospect from the summit of which is
very pleasant.
In 1763, Gen. Jonathan Moulton,
Hampton, having an ox weighing 1,400 pounds, fattened for the
purpose, hoisted a flag upon his
horns and drove him to Portsmouth
as a present to Gov. Wentworth.
He refused to receive any compensation for the ox, but requested
and received a charter of a small
gore of land of 19,422 acres. This
small gore received the name of
of
JYew
Hampton,
in
honor of
liis
town
rough and mountainous
district, formerly designated Satan'' s Kingdom ; and the few inhabitants who lived here were in a
measure shut out from the rest of
mankind.
An inhabitant of the
town invited one of his neighbors,
there
who
is
a
lived within the limits of this
district, to
go and hear Mr. Marsh,
the first minister who was settled in
the town.
He was prevailed upon
to go to church in the forenoon, in
the course of his prayer, Mr. Marsh,
among other things, prayed that Satan'' s kingdom might he destroyed.
It appears that the inhabitant of
this district took the expression in
a literal and tangible sense, having
probably never heard the expression used but in reference to the
district wherein he resided.
Being
asked to go to meeting in the afternoon, he refused, stating that Mr.
Marsh had insulted him ; ' for blast
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
him,' said he, "when he prayed
for the destruction of Satan's kingdom, he very well knew all my interests lay there."
range of secondary country which
extends along Connecticut river as
"Xew Haven, Vt.
that stream, crosses into this county,
Addison
is
various,
The
of this town
consisting of marl, clay
co.
soil
and loam, and is generally productive.
The waters of Otter creek,
Middlebury river, and Little Otter
creek give the town a good water
power. There are some manufactures in the town, but agriculture
the chief pursuit of the inhabiHaven lies 30 miles
W. S. W. from Montpelier, and 7
is
tants.
New
N. W. from Middlebury.
County,
Ct,
Chief town, JVew Haven.
Haven county
is
New
bounded N. by
and Hartford counties,
E. by Middlesex county, S. by
Long Island Sound, and West by
Litchfield county and the Housatonic river, which separates it from
Fairfield county. Its average length
from east to west is about 26 miles,
and its width from north to south 21
miles; containing 540 square miles,
This county, lyor 345,600 acres.
ing on Long Island Sound, has a very extensive maritime border, but
Litchfield
is chiefly confined
Its fisheharbor.
ries of oysters and clams, and other
It is intersectfish, are valuable.
ed by several streams, none of them
of very large size, but of some value for their water power and fish.
Of these the principal are the Pomperaug and Naugatuc, on the west
its
foreign trade
to
New Haven
Quinnipiac, Menunkatuc, West and
Mill rivers, on the east. The Quinnipiac is the largest, and passes
through extensive meadows. The
by
the New Haven and Northampton
canal, which passes through this
county from north to south. There
county
is
intersected centrally
is a great variety of soil in this
county, as well as of native vege-
24*
Middletown,
far as
there
The
leaves
and terminates at New Haven.
This intersection of the primitive
formation, by a secondary ridge, affords
a great
and materials
variety
of minerals,
for different soils.
The population of this county in
1820, was 39,616; 1830,43,847:—
81 inhabitants to a square mile.
The manufacturing business is quite
extensive in the county, and in
1837 it contained 23,895 sheep.
NeAv Haven,
First set-
tled, 1769. Population, 1830, 1,834.
New Haven
table and mineral productions.
Ct.
New
Haven, city and town, the
chief town of New Haven county,
and the semi-capital of the state of
Connecticut, is 76 miles N. E. from
New
York, and 300 from Washing-
ton city, in latitude (Yale College
Observatory) 41° 18' 30" N., and
W. longitude 72° 55'. It is situated on a large and pleasant plain,
around the head of a bay which
sets up four miles from Long Island Sound.
This plain is nearly
level, and is partially enclosed by an
amphitheatre of lofty hills, and bytwo bold eminences called East and
West rocks, which vary in height
from 330 to 370 feet. These rocks,
which consist of trap, terminate in
naked precipitous fronts, and are
conspicuous and beautiful objects
On the west, the
plain is limited by a small stream
called West river, and on the east
by the Quinnipiack, which is navigable for several miles.
Another
stream, called Mill river, passes
through the eastern part of the city
and enters the harbor in union with
the Quinnipiack.
Haven was planted in April,
1638, by a company from London,
under the direction of Theophilus
in the landscape.
New
Eaton and John Davenport. These
two men, in the language of Mather, were " the Moses and Aaron"
of this new settlement and what;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTE Eil.
very many of thera adorned
with lofty elms, which in the sumdations of civilized society in this mer season contribute much to the
part of New England, must be as- beauty and comfort of the place.
cribed in a great measure to them. The number of shade trees throughThough the government which out the city is uncommonly large,
was established was extremely pop- and they constitute one of its most
Most of the
ular in its form, these men with- attractive features.
out doubt were looked up to for dwellincf houses are distino'uished
Withdevising and executing the most for simplicity and neatness.
important measures. Their " com- in a few years the style of buildpany," as it was called, appear to ing has greatly improved, and many
have had entire confidence in their private houses have been erected
sound judgment, ability and integ- and are now going up, which disrity ; and they did notning to for- play much elegance and architectural taste.
The houses are comfeit the good opinion of their followers.
Their influence in all the monly detached, and supplied with
concerns of the colony, especially court yards and gardens ornamented with trees and sbrvibbery, and
in what respected the form of government, the means of education, the eye is thus gratified with a deand the institutions of religion, lightful union of the country and
must have been constant and com- the city.
There are two principal public
manding.
In 1784, New Haven was incor- squares. The first, commonly callporated as a city, the limits of which ed the Green, is in the centre of
on the northwest fall within those the original town, and comprises
of the town, so that Westville, a in all a little more than sixteen
settlement on the foot of West Rock, acres.
It is divided into tv>'o secis excluded from the former. About
tions by Temple street, which is
one half of the village of Fair Ha- lined with ranges of stately and
ven, in the eastern portion of the over-arching elms, and is considered
town, lies within the bounds of the one of the finest streets in the city.
city.
The area of the town is about The eastern section of the Green is
eight, and that of the city about six entirely free from buildings.
On
square miles.
The harbor is well the western section, facing the S.E.,
protected and spacious, but the wa- stand 3 churches, two Congregationter is shallow.
wharf extends al, built of brick, and one Episcointo the harbor about three quar- pal, of stone: all of these buildters of a mile.
ings are of excellent appearance.
The original town is a square, In the rear of the centre church
half a mile on each side, and subdi- stands the state house. These four
vided by streets four rods in width, buildings, taken in connexion with
into nine squares, the central one the line of college edifices on the
of which is reserved for public uses. next square beyond, and with the
Most of the squares are further di- surrounding scenery, constitute a
vided by intern>3diate streets. At group not often equalled in this
the present day, this original plot country.
The state house is a
comprises less than half of the in- structure of great size and admirahabited part of the city.
Streets ble proportions.
The porticos are
and avenues have been opened on modelled from those of the temple
every side, and many of them have of Theseus, at Athens, and the
ever there was of good or evil, of
or folly, in laying the foun-
f
lar;
wisdom
A
become thickly
settled.
The
streets
are in general, spacious and regu-
building,
has
an
viewed
air
of
at a short distance,
uncommon beauty
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The population of the town, including the city, was in 1820,
8,326 r in 1830, 10,678 ; in December, 1833, 12,199, of whom 11,567
The numwere within the city.
ber of inhabitants in 1837, was esti-
On the northern
majesty.
corner of this section stands the
methodist church.
and
Wooster Square, which
lies in
comthe eastern part of the city,
prises five acres, and has recentnumly been planted with a large
mated
various kinds.
moderate estimate, one thousand
persons from abroad are constantly
here for the purposes of receiving
situated
opposite the northern angle of the
original town plot, and encloses
seventeen acres and two thirds. It
divided bv avenues and alleys
The Public Cemetery
is
instruction.
is
length
into family fots, 32 feet in
and IS in breadth. There is a grave
and silent grandeur in this place ;
would appear more beautiful
were it shaded by native trees in
hut
it
Lomhardy poplars.
State Hospital is located at
New Haven. It is a large and
commodious building of stone, very
elevated
favorably situated on
ground, in the western part of the
stead of
The
city.
One
daily and four
weekly news-
papers, and one religious weekly
The
sheet, are published here.
Daily Herald was the earliest daily
p^per issued
in this state,
it
at 14,000.
As a seat of education. New
Haven is justly celebrated. At a
ber of native ornamental trees of
Vale College is one of the most
ancient and celebrated institutions
of learning in the country, and numbers among her academical graduates, 4,824 persons.
The Mineral Collection, well
known as the most extensive in the
country, occupies a spacious and
well lighted apartment.
The Telescope belonging to the
college was made by Dolland, and
prese'nted by Mr. Sheldon Clark,
It is an achromatic of
of Oxford.
aperture and ten feet
five inches
an
focal length, and is considered
instrument of great excellence.
having
been commenced here November
See Re£:ister.
Beside's the College libraries, there
of
are in the city several libraries
and importance.
The other periodical considerable extentbelonging to Mr.
1832.
them, that
Among
publications of the place, are the
IthielTown deserves to be particuYale Literary j\Ias;azine, edited
precious
larized. This is a large and
by the students of Yale College ;
of books, principally on
Spectator, collection
the Quarterly Christian
other fine arts,
reputation, architecture and the
a work of established
of
together with many volumes
which began as a monthly in 13iy,
It is
and rarity.
of that series gi^at antiquity
and after ten volumes
lithe most complete architectural
its
26
been completed, adopted
present form, in which it has reachthe
ed its tenth volume ; and
Journal of Science and
American
Arts, edited by Professor Silliman.
had
This important periodical was commenced in 1819, and has arrived at
outlived
the 35th volume, having
many
of
its
temporaries.
done
much
early European
con-
work which has
the advancement of
It is a
for
on
science, and reflects great honor
as
the nation and city of its birth,
well as on its distinguished editor.
It is
brary in the United States.
in
placed beyond the reach of fire,
elegant building on Hillhouse
an
in
avenue. In 1837, there were
New Haven 43 well conducted
academies and private schools,
some cf which were of an elevated
public
character for females. The
Ihe
well sustained.
schools are
is
annual expenditure for schools
$30,000. The whole number
about
of p'.jpilsis about 2,500.
There areinNe\\ Haven several
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
institutions for the promotion of the
science, industry and comfort of its
inhabitants.
New Haven
capital,
employs an extensive
and a large number of per-
sons.
The Connecticut Academy of Arts
The foreign commerce of New
and Sciences was incorporated in Haven is principally confined
to
It has published one volume the West
1799.
India Islands, with which
of Memoirs, (8 vo. 1810—1813, pp.
;) but since the establishment of
Prof. Silliman's Journal of Science,
412
their
Memoirs have appeared
in that
work.
The American Geological Society was incorporated in 1819.
Its collection of specimens is connected with the mineral cabinet of
Yale College.
The Yale JVatural History
So-
ciety has existed four years, and
has a considerable collection of
birds, shells, minerals, plants, &c.
Its transactions have hitherto been
made public through Prof. Silliman's Journal of Science.
The
a considerable trade
Tonnage of the
A
es
daily
The
many
difficulties
ments,
is
a
new
;
among which are boots, shoes, carpets, and rugs of a superior quality,
stoves, locks, paper, books, hats,
tin
iron
and
cabinet
castings,
wares, muskets,
machinery, sashes,
window blinds, &c.
The manufacturing interest of
now
Northamp-
New
A
and embarrass-
way to give
the business of
line of packet boats
in a fair
impulse
the city.
runs daily
The JVew and
New
New Haven and
ton Canal connects the waters of
Connecticut river at the latterplace,
with the harbor of this city. This
great work, having surmounted
tution of great utility.
Haven Horticultural Society and
the Orphan Asylum are well supported and highly beneficial.
The mechanics of
Haven
have long been distinguished for
their industry, intelligence and love
of knowledge.
As early as 1807
they established the Mechanics' Society, for the promotion of the useful arts, and the encouragement of
industry and merit. The society
is in a prosperous condition.
The
young mechanics have, moreover,
established for their mutual improvement, the Young Mechanics'
Institute.
The plan has been prosecuted with zeal and success.
The Institute has a cabinet of minerals
a collection of philosophical
apparatus, and several hundred volumes of books. The manufactures
of New Haven are numerous;
communication with that
city.
is
insti-
carried on.
1837,
9,559 tons.
line of packets plies between
this and New York city, and an excellent line of steam-boats furnish-
Mutual Aid Association
an
is
district, in
to
between Northampton
Haven, and promises to
be well sustained.
The
New Haven
and Hartford
Rail- Road is now in the course of
construction, and will probably be
completed during the present year.
finished it must prove of
great importance to the interests of
When
the place.
The village of Fair Haven is
built on both sides the Quinnipiack,
and about one half of it lies within
the limits of the city of
Haven.
This village has grown to its
present importance with great rapid-
New
and now carries on an extensive and thriving business.
It has
two churches, and a large and prosperous high school, known as the
Fair Haven Institute.
The village of Westville contains
about 700 inhabitants.
Manufactures and agriculture constitute the
ity,
chief business of the place.
New Haven may justly boast of
many distinguished men who made
that
city their favorite
The names
residence.
David Wooster,
of Nathan Whiting, of Roger Sherman, of James Hillof
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER
HOUSE, and many others, will never be forgotten.
How large a part of the United
States is indebted for its prosperity
genius of Eli
to the inventive
"Whitney, late a citizen of
" The commerce, the
Haven ?
business of the world, has been essentially modified and increased
through the operation of his principal invention, the cotton gin ; and
the substantial convenience and enjoyment of mankind have, by the
same means, been extended and are
extending, to a degree which no
man can calculate."
This City of Groves is a very
delightful place
it probably concentrates more charms than any
city of its age and population in the
world.
New
:
Newingtou,
Rockingham
co.
TS,
The
soil is
genex-
;
cepting near the waters, where it
yields good crops of grain and grass.
At Fox point, in the N. W. part of
the
town,
Piscataqua
thrown over the river
bridge
to
Goat
is
isl-
and, and thence to Durham shore.
The bridge was erected in 1793, is
2,600 feet long, and 40 wide ; cost
Newington was origin$65,401.
ally a part of Portsmouth and Dover,
and was early settled. It was disannexed, and incorporated in July,
1764.
Newington was among the settlements early exposed to the ravages of the Indians. In May, 1690,
a party of Indians, under a sagamore of the name of Hoophood, attacked Fox point, destroyed several houses, killed 14 persons, and
They were imtook 6 prisoners.
mediately pursued by the inhabitants, who recovered some of the
captives and a part of the plunder,
after a severe action, in which
Hoophood was wounded.
Newington is 42 miles E.
Hillsborough co.
This town is
50 miles S. S. W. from Concord, 70
W. S. W. from Portsmouth, and 50
N. W. by W, from Boston.
The
town
watered by many rivulets,
is
by the Souhegan
which is formed by the juncof two streams; the W. issu-
but principally
river,
tion
ing from a small pond on the Pasture mountain, so called
the S.
;
from two ponds in Ashburnham,
Mass., near the base of Watatick
Over this river is a stone
bridge, built in 1817.
It is 156 feet
long, 22 feet wide and 42 feet high,
resting on a single arch of split
cost $3,500.
The first cotstone
ton factory in the state was built in
There are now
this town, in 1803.
4 cotton fixctories, and in other reIpswich has become an
spects
important manufacturing town.
Pratt's and Hoar's ponds contain
Here is fine
about 50 acres each.
pasture land, and under cultivation,
Indian corn, rye, oats, barley, potatoes, beans, turnips, &c., are pro-
hill.
;
New
H.
erally sandy and unproductive
We-4v Ipswiclij W. II,
S.
E,
from Concord, and 5 W. from Portsmouth. Population, 1830, 549.
duced
The
in
abundance.
Ipswich academy was
New
incorporated June 18, 1789.
Its
funds are large.
The principal village is in the
centre of the town, in a pleasant
Many of the
and fertile valley.
dwelling-houses are of brick, and
are elegant in appearance.
New Ipswich was first settled
prior to 1749, and was incorporated
by charter, Sept.
9, 1762.
minister was the Rev.
Stephen Farrar, a native of Lincoln, Mass., where he was born
He was ordained
Oct. 22, 1733.
Oct. 22, 1760 ; died June 23, 1809,
The
first
aged 71.
New Ipswich has produced many who have become eminent as
patriots, merchants, and men of
science.
Population, 1830, 1,673.
Nov
liimei'ick,
Washington
co.
Me.
In 1837,
this
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
W. averages about 26 miles, and
has a medium breadth of about 20
miles.
This county possesses superior maritime advantages, having an
East."
extensive border on Long Island
TXew liOndon, N. H.
SoundjWhich affords numerous bays,
Merrimack co. It is 30 miles W. inlets and harbors. Excepting a small
N. W. from Concord, and 12 E. section, principally in the town of
Population, 1830, Lyme, no portion of the county can
from Newport.
Lake Sunapee separates this be considered as mountainous, but it
913.
town from Wendell, and is the is generally hilly and elevated, and
principal source of Sugar river.
comprises a small proportion of alluThere are three considerable ponds. vial. The hills and elevated tracts
Little Sunapee pond, 1 1-2 miles in are considerably rough and stony.
length and 3-4 of a mile in width, The lands in general are not adapted
to grain culture, although upon the
lies in the W. part, and empties its
Har- intervales and other tracts Indian
waters into lake Sunapee.
vey's and Messer's ponds, near the corn is raised to advantage, and to a
The princicentre of the town, are the princi- considerable extent.
They pal agricultural interests depend
pal sources of Warner river.
are about a mile in length and 3-4 very much upon grazing. The waof a mile in breadth, and are sepa- ters of the county are abundant and
On the south it is washed
rated by a bog, many parts of which valuable.
Pleas- more than thirty miles by Long Islrise and fall with the water.
ant pond, in the N. part of New and Sound, part of its western borLondon, is nearly 2 miles long and der by Connecticut river, and the
The settlements of New interior of the county is watered and
1 wide.
London are formed principally on fertilized by the Thames and its
The branches. The fishing business is
three large swells of land.
more extensively carried on in this
soil is deep and generally good.
In the N. part are several eleva- county than in any other section of
tions.
In some parts the land is the state, and is an important branch
The manufacturing
rocky, but there is little not capable of industry.
of cultivation.
New London was business is carried on to considerincorporated in 1779.
Its tirst name
able extent in the northern part of
the county, and is increasing.
was Dantzick.
The damage sustained by the inIn 1837, this county contained
habitants of this town, by the vio- 41,387 sheep.
Population, in 1820,
lent whirlwind of Sept. 9, 1821, was 35,943 ; 1830, 42,201
81 inhabitestimated at ^9,000.
large rock ants to a square mile.
The tonnage
lying out of the ground, 100 feet of the district of New London, in
long, 50 wide and 20 high, was 1837, was 41,626 tons.
rent into two pieces, and thrown
New liOiidon, Ct.
about 20 feet asunder.
One of the shire towns of New
Ne^v liondon County, Ct.
London county. The first English
JVew London and JVorwich are settlement in New London comthe county towns.
New London menced in 1646. It is situated on
county is bounded N. by Windham, the west bank of the river Thames.
Tolland and Hartford counties, E. In its territorial limits it is much
by Windham county and the state of the smallest of any town in the
Rhode Island, S. by Long Island state, being about 4 miles in length
Sound, and W.by the county of Mid- from north to south, and averages
dlesex.
Its avei-age length from E.
about 3-4 of a mile in breadth.
town was incorporated it then had
124 inhabitants and produced 1,780
See " Down
bushels of wheat.
;
to
it
:
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The
city of
New London
is
situated
Long
Island Sound,
and is a port of entry.
It is 42
miles southeast from Hartford, 13
south from Norwich, and 53 east
from
Haven,
Population, in
Lon. 72° 9' W., lat.
1830, 4,356.
3 miles from
New
41°
0'
The
25" N.
city
is
princi-
pally built on a declivity, which
descends to the east and south. On
the summit of the liigh ground,
back of the most populous part of
the city, the observer has a fine
prospect of the surrounding country. The city is irregularly laid out,
owing to the nature of the ground
on which
it
is
built,
being
much
incumbered with granite rocks.
The houses are not so handsome in
their outward appearance, as might
be reasonably expected, considering
the wealth of the inhabitants.
In
the course of a few years past, however, a spirit of improvement in this
respect has taken place, and many
buildings have been erected which
are elegant in their appearance.
Some of the streets have been straitened and leveled, by blasting the
granite rocks with which they were
disfigured.
These rocks afford an
excellent material for the construction of buildings, and it is believed
that no city in this country has the
advantages of
London, in this
particular, where the materials for
erecting houses can be found in
The harbor is one of
their streets.
the best in the United States, being
New
large, safe, and
commodious, hav-
It is 3
ing five fathoms of water.
miles long, and rarely obstructed
with ice. During the extreme cold
in January, 1835, while the navigation of the harbor of New York
was closed by the ice, the harbor of
New
London remained open and
degree
as the port of Connecticut
the impediments in which
frequently prevent its being navigable for large vessels fully laden. The
whale fishery and sealing business is
an important branch of commerce.
About a million of dollars is devoted to its prosecution.
In 1834, upwards of thirty ships and 900 men
river,
and boys were employed in
this
business.
The city is defended by two forts,
Fort Trumbull and Fort Griswold.
Fort Trumbull stands on the New
London side of the Thames, about
a mile below the city.
It is situated on the rocky extremity of a peninsula extending eastward into the
river.
This fort is a station for
L'nited States soldiers.
Fort Griswold is on the E. side of the Thames,
on a commanding eminence opposite the city, in the town of Groton.
New London has been rendered
conspicuous for its sufferings during
the revolutionary war, and the theOn the
atre of hostile operations.
6th of September, 1781, a large
proportion of this town v»as laid in
The
ashes by Benedict Arnold.
following account of this transaction
is taken from the Connecticut Gazette, printed at New London, Sept.
7, 1781.
" About daybreak on Thursday
morning last, 24 sail of the enemy's
shipping appeared to the westward
of this harbor, which by many were
be a plundering party
alarm guns were immediately fired, but the discharge of
cannon in the harbor has become so
frequent of late, that they answered little or no purpose. The defenceless state of the fortifications and
the town are obvious to our readers;
supposed
to
after stock
;
few of the inhabitants, who were
advanced towards the
where the enemy were
place
unobstructed.
From the excellent maritime location of New London, the naviga-
a
commercial and fishing business, has ever been the principal
Their
pursuit of the inhabitants.
fine harbor has served in a great
thought likely to make their landing, and manoeuvred on the heights
tion,
equipped,
adjacent, until the enemy about 9
o'clock landed in two divisions, and
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
men each, one of them
Brown's farm, near the lighthouse, the other at Groton Point
about 800
at
the division that landed near the
light-house marched up the road,
keeping up large flanking parties,
who were attacked in different places on their march by the inhabitants,
to
who had
oppose
spirit
their
and resolution
The
progress.
killed and wounded,
they found that further resistance
would be in vain, and resigned the
fort."
See Groton, Ct.
their party
The
town, and set fire to the
stores on the beach, and immediately after to the dwelling-houses lying
on the Mill Cove.
The scattered
fire of our little parties, unsupported
by our neighbors more distant, galled them so that they soon began to
retire, setting fire promiscuously on
their way.
The fire from the stores
communicated to the shipping that
lay at the wharves, and a number
others swung to sinwere burnt
gle fast, and remained unhurt.
" At 4 oclock, they began to quit
the town with great precipitation,
and were pursued by our brave citzens with the spirit and ardor of veterans, and driven on board their
boats.
Five of the enemy were
killed, and about twenty wounded
among the latter is a Hessian captain, who is a prisoner, as are seven
We lost four killed and ten
others.
or twelve wounded, some mortally.
" The most valuable part of the
town is reduced to ashes, and all
the stores. Fort Trumbull, not being tenable on the land side, was
evacuated as the enemy advanced,
and the few men in it crossed the
river to Fort Griswold, on Groton
;
;
Hill,
which was soon
25th,
The
fort
having
in
only
it
about 120 men, chiefly militia hastthey defended it with
the greatest resolution and bravery,
and once repulsed the enemy but
the fort being out of repair, could
not be defended by such a handful
of men, though brave and determined, against so superior a number; and after having a number of
ily collected,
:
transitory
this
scene, February
Anno Domini,
179G, in the 68th
age, and the 12th of his
year of his
Episcopal consecration.
Ingenious without pride, learned
without pedantry, good without severity, he was duly qualified to discharge
the duties of tlie Cliristian and the
Bishop. In the pulpit he enforced Religion ; in his conduct he exemplified
it.
The poor he assisted with his charity ; the ignorant he blessed with his
instruction.
The friend of men, he
ever designed their good 5 the enemy
of vice, he ever opposed it. Christian
dost thou aspire to happiness 1
Seabury has shown the way that leads
!
to
it.
"An epitaph on Captaine Richard
Lord, deceased May 17, 1662.—
JEtatis svBe 51.
....
Bright starre of ovr chivallrie
here
To the state a covnsillovr fvll deare
And to ye trvth a friend of sweete
content
To Hartford towne a silver ornament
Who can deny to poore he was releife
And in composing paroxyies he was
lies
cheife
To marchantes
as a patterne
he might
new by
sea and
stand
Adventring dangers
land."
MeAv Market, W. H.
division that landed at the
point.
the inscription
Here lyeth the body of Samukl
after invested
by the
is
Seabury, D. D. Bishop of Connecticut and Rhode Island^ who departed
main body of the enemy proceeded from
to the
following
on Bishop Seabury's monument
Rockingham
CO.
It lies 36 miles
from Concord, and 12 W. by
from Portsmouth.
Population,
S. E.
S.
1830, 2,013.
Piscassick
i-iver
passes
through
Durham. The Lamprey river washes its N. E. boundary, as does the Swamscot the S.
The soil is good, and agriculE.
tural pursuits are here crowned
with much success.
There are
this
town
into
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
several pleasant and thriving villages, in which are large and valuable manufactures.
Market was originally a
part of Exeter, and was detached
and incorporated, 1727.
Mrs. Fanny Shute, who died in
this town September, 1819, was respected not only for her excellent
qualifies, but the adventures of her
When 13 months old, she
youth.
was taken by a party of Indians,
can-ied to Canada, and disposed of
educated in a nunto the French
nery, and after remaining 13 years
New
—
in captivity,
was redeemed and
re-
stored to her friends.
Daniel Brackett recently died in
town. He weighed 5G0 lbs.
this
Kew
Marlboroiigli, Mass.
Berkshire co. There is a large
pond in this town, and a branch of
Housatonlek liver. The surface is
uneven, and the soil best adapted
It was incorporated in
and lies 135 miles S. W. by
W. from Boston, and 20 S. by E.
Population, in 1837,
from Lenox.
for gi-azing.
175i),
1,570.
There are two caverns in this
The
town, containing stalactites.
manufactures consist of leather,
boots, shoes, chairs, cabinet ware,
and a variety of sawed lumber.
The products of the dairy are considerable, and about 1,600 sheep are
pastured.
Xew
Milford, Ct.
This township is
Litchfield CO.
hilly and broken, several mountainous ridges extending through it.
The soil is much diversified, and
where susceptible of cultivation, it
is generally good ; but on the whole
more distinguished for grain than
There are, however, large
grass.
of excellent meadow
ground, but the pasturage is, on the
whole, not abundant. It is essen-
quantities
farming town. For some
time after the white people come
here, an Indian chief, or sachem,
tially a
25
named Werauliamaug, had
a pal-
standing near the Great falls,
where he resided. On the inner
walls of this palace, (which were
of bark with the smooth side inwards,) were pictured every known
species of beast, bird, fish and insect, from the largest to the smallace
This was said to have been
done by artists whom a friendly
est.
prince at a
him
great distance sent to
Solomon.
to
Hiram did
The town of New
for that purpose, as
Milford was purchased of the Colof Connecticut by a company of
individuals chiefly belonging to JNIilford, and was first settled in 1707.
The first biidge that was ever built
over the Housatonick river, from
the sea to its source was built in this
town in 1737. The village of New
the
Milford is very handsome
streets are wide and well shaded.
It lies 36 nulesN. W. from New
Haven, and IS S. W. fron) Litchfield. Population, 1830,3,979. The
territory of this town is larger than
any other in the state it is 13 by 6
1-2 miles. The town is well watered, and has some manufactures.
There are large quantities of granite ard marble, and the town produces large quantities of grain and
wool for market.
ony
;
:
Ne"»vport, Me.
Penobscot co. This is a fine farming town, and watered by a large
and beautiful pond which empties
It lies 50
into Sebasticook river.
miles N. E. from Augusta and 24
AV. from Bangor. Population, 1S37,
1,088. Wheatci'opsame year, 5,173
bushels. This town contains a pleasant village and some mills.
Ifetvport, X. H.
Shire town, Sullivan county.
Ita
central situation and its Avater power, together with the enterpiising
spirit of its inhabitants, has rendered Newport a place of considerable
business.
It is
40 miles
W.by N.trom
Concord, about 35 N. from Keene,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
S. E. from Windsor, Vt.
the centre of the town, and
the confluence of the E. and S.
branches of Sugar river and the
Croydon turnpike, is a handsome
village.
In general the soil is rich
ajid productive.
Sugar river flow^s
through this town, and its three
branches unite near the village,
whence it passes through Claremont
into the Connecticut.
On the eastern branch are situated, principally
near the village, large and valuable
manufacturing
establishments.
There are other mills in ditferent
parts of the town.
There are a
few eminences, designated as Bald,
and 14 E.
Near
of the island is very rich, and
under the management of skilful
farmers is made to produce in great
abundance all the varieties of gi-ains,
grasses, vegetai>ies, fruits and flowsoil
ers
common
to its latitude.
remarkable that not only this
island, but the county generally,
It is
should be so fertile.
The pooi-est
lands in New England are generally on the sea board; but as it regards this county, few sections of
the interior present a better soil.
From the earliest settlement of
the country, this county has been
engaged in commerce and the iishThese interests are now in a
evy.
set-
flourishing condition ; and manufacturing establishments are increasing, by the aid of steam power.
In 1S37 there were 37,340
sheep in the county.
tlers
were principally from Killingworth, Ct. Tliis town is noted
Newport county is bound N. by
Mount Hc<r)9 bay, and Bristol coun-
good schools and its various
charitable societies.
Population,
1830, 1,913.
ty,
Coitand East mountains, and BlueNewport was granted
berry hill.
by charter in 1761. The tirst effort towards a settlement was made
in the fall of 17G3.
The
tirst
for its
Newport, Vt.
E. by said county of
by the Atlantic ocean,
and W. by Narraganset bay. Area,
Mass.
Bristol
;
;
S.
136 square miles. Population, 1820,
1830, 16,535.
Population
15,771
to a square mile, 122.
;
This town is sepaOrleans co.
rated from Derby by Memphremagog lake, and is watered by a branch
of Missisque river. It lies 48 miles
N. by E. from Montpelier, and 10
N. from Irasburgh.
Population,
1830, 284.
NcAvport County, R.
I.
JVeivport is the chief town. This
county comprises seven towns and
a number of islands; but the most
interesting section of it is the isl-
and of Rhode Isbnd, from which
the state derives its name.
This
island is about 15 miles in length,
and has a mean breadth of two miles
and a half.
The surface presents an interesting
variety of moderate eminences and
declivities, which render the sceneValuable minery very pleasing.
rals are found on the isbind, and
fossil
coal,
difficult of
found in large
ignition,
quantities.
is
The
Newport, R.
I.
Chief town of Newport county,
and one of ihe seats of the state legIt is in N. latitude 41^ 23'
20", and W. longitude 71^ 21' 14":
5 miles from the sea, 30 miles S.
by E. from Pi-ovidence, 70 S. S. W.
from Boston, and 153 from
York, by water. The township lies
in an irregular and somewhat of a
semicircular form, about 6 miles in
In cohjlength and 1 in breadth.
rnon with the whole island of Rhoie
islature.
New
Island, on
ted,
the
which Newport
soil
is
ii
situa-
remarkably
fertile
and under good cultivation.
The
surface is undulating, presenting a
great variety of delightful scenei-y.
The waters of Narraganset bay at
this place are unrivalled for beauty
and convenience. The harbor of
Newport is considered one of the
it
best on ^the coast of America
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
has sufficient depth of water for the
largest class of vessels, is exceedingly easy of access iVosn (he ocean,
and sufficiently capacious to conThis harbor is
tain whole fleets.
admirably defended by forts Wolcott. Green and Adams, and wul!
probably soon become a naval de-
Newport was first settled by
William Codington and his associates
pot,
The growth
town
was so rapid for the first hundred
years, that in 1733 there were 7
in 163S.
of the
worshipping assemblies, and 100 sail
belonged to the port.
of vessels
Newport suffered severely during the revolutionary war, and was
for a long time in possession of the
Alter tlie war it revived
enenjy.
again, but the more favorable location of Piovidence for an interior
commerce, depiived it of a large
portion of its original business.
Newport
however
retains
its
former character for foreign comnumber
merce and the fisheiy.
A
of vessels are now engaged in the
whaling business, and manufacturing establishments have recently
been put into operation by steam
power, which promise success.
Ship and boat building and the manufacture of cordage are carried on
The domestic fisheextensively.
ry is to Newport an important reThere is piobably no place
sourse.
in the world where a greater variety of fish, or of a better quality, are
found. About sixty different kinds,
comprising almost every species of
fin and shell fish, fit for the table, are taken in great abundance
around the shoi-es of Narraganset.
The tonnage of the district of Newport, in 1837, was 11,498 ions.
The compact part of the town is
built on a beautiful site, facing the
harbor in a southeasterly direction.
The main street extends more than
The buildings
a mile in length.
on this and other streets and on
Washington square are neatly built,
and some of them are very handsome
The marks of aoe which
some of these buildings bear, with
the excellent
in
state of preservation
which they appear, give them a
grace not found in
of
many
of those
more modern construction.
Although this ancient town has
passed through
many
vicissitudes
and changes of fortune, still it continues to advance in the number of
its people.
Population, in 1820,
7,319; 1830, 8,010.
Newport is celebrated for its
beauty and the salubrity of its climate.
From these circumstances,
and from the numerous inviting
objects which surround it, it has
become a favorite resort for visitors
and in no
from warmer climates
;
place can
the
summer
season
be
more enjoyed than amid the charms
of Newport.
Oliver Hazzard Perry,
the
Lake Erie, Sept. 10, 1813,
was born at Newport, in 1785.
He died in the West Indies, in 1820.
victor on
A monument is erected to his memory.
TXew Portland, Me.
Franklin co. This town is finely
watered by two branches of Seven
This is one of the
Mile brook.
finest farming towns in the county.
It produced, in 1837, 10,451
Population,
bushels of wheat.
same year, 1,476. This town has a
pleasant village, a number of
mills and other manufactories.
saw
It
48 miles N. N. W. from Augusta, and 18 N. by E. from FarmingIncorporated, 1808.
ton.
lies
NcM'ry, Me.
Oxford CO. A branch of Androscoggin river waters this town, and
It
affords it good mill privileges.
lies 63 miles W. from Augusta, and
25 N. W. from Paris. Population,
1837, 412.
Incorporated, 1805.
Ne^v Salem, Mass.
This town is bounded N. by Miller's river, and lias a
good water power. It lies 74 miles
Franklin co.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
W
N. W. from Boston, and 17 E.
from Greenfield. This is a
pleasant town of elevated surface,,
and good soil for grazing. PopulaS. E.
The manufaction, 1837, 1,255.
tures of the town, consist of palmleaf hats, boots, shoes, leather,
straw bonnets, and ploughs. Incorporated, 1753.
^ew gliaron, Me.
Franklin, co. This town is watered on the northwest side by Sandy
river, and is bounded south by Vienna. The soil is admirably adapted to agricultural purposes. PopuWheat ciop,
lation, 1S37, 1,771^
same year, 8,132 bushels.
It lies
26 miles N. W. from Augusta. Incorporated, 1794.
Charles river in this town. The
good, and
is generally very
There are 2
highly cultivated.
woolen, and 5 paper
1
cotton,
mills in the town, and manufactures
soil
of nails, rolled iron, candles, vitriol, barilla, chaises, harnesses, morocco, leather, boots, shoes, machinery, chairs, and cabinet vv aie ;
the value of which, the year end-
ing Apiil
^815,872.
co.
about 14 miles S. S. W. from Judith
Point, and 13 N. E. from Montauk
Point, on Long Island, N. Y. It is
about 8 miles in length, and varies
from 2 to 4 miles in width. It has
several ponds, which cover about a
seventh part of the island.
The
surface of the town is uneven
in
some parts elevated. The soil is a
sandy, gravelly loam, and quite
productive.
This island was once
;
and good daipeople are mostly fishermen they have no harbor, and
peat is their only fuel. Population,
1830, 1,185.
Incorporated, 1672.
Its Indian name was jyianisses.
ries.
:
Kewton, Mass.
Middlesex
co.
A
very beautiand manufacturing
town, the JSTonantum
W. by
of the In-
from Boston,
12 S. E. from Concord, and 7 N.
from Dedham. Charles river washes the borders of this town 15 miles,
and, by two fallsof considerable extent, affords it a great and valuable
water power. Nine bridges cross
dians, 7 miles
S.
to
incorpo-
;
A
Rockingham
co., lies 40 miles S.
Concord, and 27 S. S. W.
from Portsmouth.
Country pond
lies in Newtown and Kingston, and
two other small ponds connect by
outlets with its waters.
The soil
produces good crops of grain or
grass.
Joseph Barllett first settled
in this town, in 1720.
Bai-tlett was
taken prisoner by the Indians at
Haverhill, in 1708, and remained a
captive in Canada about 4 years.
E. from
Population, 1830, 510.
KcM'towii, Ct.
for its cattle
The
ful, agricultural
amounted
Kewtowii, M. H.,
This town com-
prises the island of Block Island.
The island lies in the open sea,
famous
1837,
Newton was
rated in 1691 ; it foimerly comprised the town of Cambridge, and
is noted as the birth place and residence of many distinauished men.
Population, 1830, 2,S11
1837,
Theological Seminary
3,037.
was established in this town, in
1825.
See Begister.
JSfew gSioreliam, K,. I.
Newport
1,
Fairfield co.
This town was incorporated in 1708.
It is watered
by Patatuck river, the Indian name
of the place.
It
lies
25 miles
W.
N. W. from New Haven, 10 E.
from Danbury, and 22 N. from Fairfield.
Population, 1830, 3,100.—
The surface of the town is hilly
;
many
of the eminences are extensive and continuous.
The soil is
principally a gravelly loam, generally fertile and productive.
It is
well adapted to the culture of grain,
and is also favorable for fruit, there
being many valuable orchards in the
town. The borough of Newtown
beautifully situated on high
is
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
commands an extensive
prospect, and contains some handground
it
;
some buildinos.
flourisliing village of
The
Sandy
situated about 1 1-2 miles
N. E. of the central part of Newtown, at the foot of a rocky eminence or bluff, from the top of which
Hook
is
a fine prospect of the surroundfine mill stream
ing country.
(the Patatuck) runs in a northerly
course through the village, at the
base of the cliff, which rises almost
perpendicular to the height of 160
is
A
a cotton factory, at the
Near
feet.
northern extremity of the village,
some
traces of coal
have been
dis-
covered. The village contained, in
1834, 1 cotton, 1 hat, 1 comb and
2 woolen factories. There was also
1 machine shop, and 1 establish-
ment
for
working
brass.
Kc%v Vineyard, Me.
Franklin
co.
This town
is
wa-
tered by a branch of Seven Mile
The surface of the tov.n is
brook.
uneven, but the soil, generally, is
It produced, in 1837,
productive.
Popula7,063 bushels of wheat.
Incorporattion, same year, 870.
it lies 40 miles N. W.
ed, 1802.
from Augusta, and 8 N. by E. from
Farmington.
Jfotoleljorougli,
Me.
Norfolk County, Mass.
This
Chief town, Dedham.
county is hounded N. E. by Boston
harbor, N. by Suffolk county, W.
by the S. E. corner of Worcester
county, S. by the N. E. corner of
the state of Rhode Island, and S.
S. E. and E. by the counties of BrisArea, about
tol and Plymouth.
Population, in
400 square miles.
1820,36,4.52; in 1830, 41,901; in
Taken from Suffolk
1837, 50,399.
county in 1793.
This county has a maritime coast
on Boston harbor of about 12 miles,
which is indented with many small
bays and navigable rivers. Its surface is uneven, and in some parts
Its soil is generally strong
hilly.
and rocky. Much of the dark colored granite, or sienite, is found
A large part of Norfolk
here.
county, particularly those towns
near Boston, is under a high state
of cultivation, and affords fruits and
vegetables in great abundance.
The proximity' of this county to
the capital gives it many facilities ;
and the towns in this, and in the
county of Middlesex, that border
on Boston harbor, may be called the
It contains
Gardens of Boston.
22 towns, and 126 inhabitants to a
square mile. The Charles, Neponset, and Manatiquot are its chief
rivers.
This town lies on
the east side of the upper waters
It is a
of Damariscotta river.
Lincoln
co.
Many
place of considerable trade.
ships are built here, and a large
number of vessels are employed in
the coasting trade. The soil of the
town is generally good, and considerable attention is paid by the inhabitants to agricultural pursuits.
38 miles S. E. from Augusta,
and 11 E. from Wiscasset. PopulaIncor., 1788.
tion, 1837, 1,999.
It lies
No-^Ions-Iiand, Mas-s.
A
ledge of rocks,
Dukes CO.
the most southern part of the state.
It lies 7 miles S. from Gay Head.
25*
In 1837, this county contained
The value of the
2,054 sheep.
manufactures in the county, the
year ending April 1, 1837, was
The value of the
$6,466,010.
fishery, the same year, wa§ $244,927.
Norfolk, Ct.
The settlement
Litchfield co.
It lies
of Norfolk began in 1744.
35 miles W. N. W, from Hartford,
and 17 N. from Litchfield. Population, 1830, 1,485.
This town is elevated and mounThe soil is a primitive,
tainous.
2;ravelly loam, generally cold and
stony, but has considerable depth.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
and
good grazing. Formerquantities of sugar were
from the maple more than
ed the 23d of August, 1833, by
Bishop Fenwick, to his memory.
have been manufactured
standing on a square base of the
same material, having the following inscription
Sebastianus Rasles natione Galluse Societate Jesu missionius, per
aliquot annos Illinois et Huronibus
priinum evangelanns, deinde per
34 annos Abenaquis, fide et charitate Christi verus Apostolus, periculus arinoruui intenitus se pio suis
oribus mori paratum soepius testificans, inter arma et cocdes ac Pagi
affbrds
ly large
made
:
20,000
lbs.
but since the
a single season
land has been cleared by progressive settlements, and in consequence
of the destruction of the maple
trees by some tornadoes, the business has greatly declined.
The
dairy business comprises the principal interests of the town.
stream, called Blackberry river,
runs near the centre of the place,
and a little westward of the congregational church falls over a ledge
of rocks 30 feet in height.
This is
an excellent site for mills, of which
there are several near this spot.
in
;
A
There is a handsome village, with
an open square or green in front of
the church, which is uncommonly
neat and beautiful in its appearance.
About half a mile north is another
village, in which are 'two woolen
and three scythe factories.
Norridgewocic, Me.
Chief town of Somerset co. This
town is situated on both sides of
Kennebec
It is a plain granite
pyraoiidal shaft,
:
Norridgewock,
Nanarantsouak
et
Ecclesiae suae minas, hoc in ipso
loco, cecidit tandem optimus pastor,
die 23 Augusti, A. D. 1724, ipsi et
Christo defunctis Monuposuit Benidictus Fenwick, Espiscopus Bostoniensis dedicavitque 23 Augusti, A. D. 1S33.
A. M. D. G.
filius in
mentum hoc
Nonidgewock
village
is
situated
on the north side of the river, directly in the bend, five miles west
of Skowhegan falls.
It is one of
the most pleasant and delightful
villages, especially in the
summer,
28 miles N.
from Augusta. Incorporated, 178S.
Population, 1837, 1,955.
Its sur-
street ia
lined with ornamental trees, some
of them venerable for age and mag-
is diversified with hills of a
moderate elevation, the soil various,
but generally good and well culti-
nitude, extending their long arms
quite across the street, forming a
beautiful avenue from east to west.
On the south side of the river, connected by a bridge, is a pleasant and
rapidly increasing village.
The public buildings consist of
a church and court house, on the
north side of the river, and on the
south, a female academy, and a free
church at "Oak Hill," about 5
miles from the village.
This section of country is remarkable for its luxuriant giowth of the
few years since, one
white pine.
of these trees was cut for a canoe
the
river,
face
w;jeat"crop,
vated.
hushel'j.
the
site
1837, 10,299
This town was formerly
of the celebrated tribe
of
Norridgewock Indians. Their village was situated at the foot of Norridgewock falls, in the N. W. part
of the town, and the border of Madison.
The tribe had a church, the
bell of which was dug up a few
years since, and placed in the cabinet at Bowdoin college. The tribe
was destroyed by a party of 1G8
men, sent out from Massachusetts
for that puipose, commanded by
Capt. Moulton, on the afternoon of
August 23, 1724. Among the killed was the noted Jesuit missionary, Ralle. A monument was erect-
The main
in the state.
A
Its lergth was 154 feet and measur
ed 4 1-2 feet in diameter.
North Hampton, N. H.,
Rockingham
co.,
formerly con-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
sfituting the parish
called
J\''orth
Hill,^n Hampton, lies on the sea
coast 50 miles S. E. by E. from
Concord, and 9 S. by W. from Ports-
mouth.
Little river rises in the low
grounds in the north part of the
town, and after running southeast
one or two miles, takes an east
course, falling into the sea between
Little Boar's head, in this town and
Great Boar's head, in Hampton.
Winnicut river rises near the centre of the town, and passes northwest into Great bay.
in 1742, the
town was incorporated. Population,
1830, 767.
]\^ortliainptoii,
Mass.
Chief town of Hampshire co. This
is a very beautiful town, delightfully situated on the west bank of Connecticut river, and united to Hadley
by a bridge. Since the first settlements on the Connecticut basin,
this town lias been an important
point of attraction.
This was the
thii-d town settled on Connecticut
river in this state.
Its Indian name
was JVonatuck. The soil of the
town is alluvial and its products exuberant.
Both before and since the
division of the old county into three,
this place has been the seat of jusThebuildings are handsome,
tice.
and the most important county offices are ^rc proof.
A tine stream
passes through the centre of the
town, possessing a good water power, on which are manufactories and
mills of vaiious kinds.
The manufactures of Northampton consist of woolen and silk goods,
boots, shoes, leather, paper, brooms,
chairs, iron, tin, and cabinet wares,
&c. ; total value the year ending
April 1, 1837, about $350,000. The
manufacture of sewing silk, ribbons, &c., is on a large scale, and
the most flourishing establishment
of the kind in this country.
In
1837, there were 3750 sheep sheared in the town ; the value of the
wool was $7,075.
This place has considerable river
and inland commerce, which will
be increa ed by the Hampshire and
Hampden canal, which meets the
Connecticut river here and terminates at
New
Haven.
This town was incorporated, in
1654 ; population, 1820, 2,854, and in
1S37, 3,576.
It is 91 miles W. from
Boston, 67 E. from Albany, 39 N.
from Hartford, 22 S.from Greenlield,
17 N. by V»'. from Spiingfield, and
376 from Washington.
There are many
institutions of a
religious character in
this town, and its schools are of the
first order.
The country aiound
the town is enchanting, and those
literary and
who visit Mount Holyoke, 830 feet
above the river, on the east side, or
Mount Tom, 1,200 feet above the
river, on the west side, will find
a wonderful variety of landscape
scenery, probably unsurpassed in
beauty by any in the New England States.
ZVorth Bervi'ick, Me.
York
CO.
This town was incor-
porated in 1831, and was taken fioni
the east side of Berwick.
It comprises a fine tract of land ; it is well
watered and very pleasant.
lation, 1837, 1,493.
S.
W.
Popu-
91 miles
from Augusta, and 13 N. W.
It lies
from York.
Nortliborougli, Mass.
Worcester co. This is a pleasant
farming town, of good soil, and watered by Assabet river.
It was incorporated in 1766, and lies 32 miles
W. from Boston, and 10 N. E. from
Worcester.
Population, 1830, 994
— 1S37, 1,224.
The manufactures of the (own
consist of cotton goods, boots, shoes,
leather, children's wagons, &,c.; annual amount about ^'75,000.
Nortlx Brauford, Ct.
New Haven
co.
This town was
incorporated in 1831, and was taken
range ot" mouufrom Branford.
A
�NE W ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
tains from the southwest to northeast passes through the central part
The inhabitants are
of the tOA^n.
gen3!ally substantial farmers, and
property is very equally distributed.
The face of the township is generally hilly, but the soil is strong and
fM-tile.
It lies 9 miles E. from
N3\v Flaven.
Population, 1832,
1,1 )0
About a mile southeast of the
No.-thford church, on Tetoket mountain, there is the appearance of having been,
at
some remote penod,
sOiUe violent convulsions in nature;
the rocks appear to have been rent
asunder, and are thrown about in
great disorder. Lead is said to have
been found near this spot, a mass
of it being discovered by a person
who was hunting, at the time of
the first settlement of the parish:
he hung up a pair of buck's horns
to designate the spot, but the place
could not be found afterwards.
RTortlibridge, I^Iass.
Vv'orcester
co.
The Blackstone
river and canal pass through
t!iis
pleasant manufactui-ing and agricultural town.
It has some excellent intervale land, and the soil of
the uplands produces grass, grain,
and vegetables in abundance. The
river here is beautiful, and produces
a great hydraulic power.
The
manufactures of the town consist
of cotton and woolen goods, cotton
and other small streams which empty into the Taunton. The surface of
the town is uneven, but the soil is
of a good quality, particularly for
Incorporated, 1821.
of the town
consist of cotton goods, boots, shoes,
hats, chairs, shoe tools, forks, hoes,
cabinet and wooden wares, &c.
total amount, the year ending April
1, 1837, $230,700.
We regret that this very pleasant town was not called Tlticut
or jYunketest, one of the Indian
names of the ancient territory.
This town was the first of the
three Bridgev^aters thathave sprung
grazing.
The manufactures
from Old Bridgewater, named after a
celebrated English Duke.
We can
see no good cause for attaching a
cardinal point of the compass to the
of any town, particularly one
of foreign derivation, when some
beautiful Indian name meets the ear
on the bank of almost every stream.
Had the noble Duke bequeathed to
good old motiier Bridgewater and
name
her three handsome daughters, (as
he did to the city of Manchester, )the
perpetual privilege of obtaining 140
pounds of coal (ov four pence, there
would appear some reason for perpetuating and extending the name.
.Some just remarks on the names
of towns appeared in the Providence Journal, which are worthy
of repetition.
"
Ijn"diajN-
Names.
The new
machinery, boots, shoes, &c. value, the year ending April 1, 1837,
Michigan has passed one
of the most sensible laws that was
$2? 1,000.
ever enacted. Its object is to preserve the noble and harmonious old
Indian names, which have been given to every river and lake and forest and mountain in our country,
and which, by a bad taste, have in
:
Northbridge lies 35 miles S. W.
by W. from Boston, and 13 S. E.
from Worcester.
Incorporated,
1772.
Population,
1337, 1,409.
1S30,
KTortli Bridge-ivater,
Plymouth
1,053;
Mass.
co.
This town lies 20
from Boston, 24 N. W. from
Plymouth, and 10 S. S. W. from
Weymouth Landing. Population,
1830, 1,953; 1837, 2,701.
It is
well watered bv Salisbury river
miles
S.
state
of
many instances, been displaced by
the hackneyed names of European
cities, or of distinguished men. The
law provides that no town shall be
named after any other place or after any man, without first obtaining the consent of the Legislature.
The consequence
is,
that
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Michigan
Pinis and
Amsterdam
slates,
sister
she
London,
of
destitute
is
;
unlike her
boasts
neitlier
Thebe-;, Palmyra, Carthage or Troy.
No collection of log huts, wiih half
a dozen gioccry stores, has been
honored with the appellation of Liverpool, nor has any embi-yo city,
with a college or an academy, received the appropriate name of
Athens. She has no Moscow and
Morocco, in the same latitude ; and
noEdinburgh and Alexandria within
thirty miles of each other.
Babylon, Sparta and Corinth, though they
have been transplanted to other
parts of the Union, are destined never to flourish on the soil of Michigan.
No Fi'anklin or Greene or
Jefferson, no Washington, is to be
found in her borders. On the contrary, her rivers and lakes still retain the full, rich, swelling names
which were bestowed upon them by
men
towns
of the forests, and her
bear the names of the sturdy
chiefs
who once
the red
battled or hunted
Strange, when we
have such a noble nomenclature as
the Indians have left us, that we
should copy from the worn out
names of ancient cities, and which
awake no feelings but ridicule, by
the conti-ast between the old and the
new. Mohawk, Seneca, Massasoit,
Ontario, Erie, how infinitely supe-
in their streets.
rior
to
Paris,
London,
Fishville,
Buttertown, Bungtown, &c. The
feeling which prompts us to perpetuate the names of our revolutionary
heroes by naming towns after them,
is highly lionorable ; but it should
not be forgotten that frequent repcases where
unworthy of its
namesake) renders the name vulgar
etition (especially
the town
is
force of public opinion."
Xortli Brookiield, Mass.
Worcester
This town
co.
on
is
elevated ground it is of good soil,
well cultivated, well watered and
very pleasant.
It has a tine lish
pond, and lies 68 miles W. from
Boston, and IS W. from Worcester:
taken fiom Brookfield in 1802.
Population, 18.30, 1,241; 1837,1,509.
The agricultural products sent to
market are very considerable. The
manufactures of the town consist
of boots and shoes, woolen cloth,
leather, &.c., the value of which for
the year endins; April 1,1837, was
:
which $470,31G was
^525,224
;
for boots
and shoes.
of
Kortlifield, Vt.
Washington
This town
co.
lies
10 miles S. S. W. from Montpelier,
and 35 E from Burlington. Population in 1830, 1,412. First settled,
178-5.
The principal stream in this
town is Dog river, which runs
through it in a northerly direction,
and aifiTords a-great number of valuThe surface
able mill privileges.
is uneven, but the soil is generally
good and easily cultivated. In the
centre of the town is a neat, pleasant and flourishing village, containing a number of saw miils and other
mechanical operations by water.
Me.
Nortlifield,
See "
Incorporated 1838.
East."
Nortlifield,
Down
'N. II.,
in
utterly
and ridiculous. It seems, that not
content with driving the Indians
froni the soil, we are anxious to obliterate every trace of their existence.
We
Michigan will be followed, if not
by legal enactments, at least by the
of
are glad to see a better taste
beginning to prevail upon this subject, and we hope that the example
bounded N. by
Winnepisiogee river, and W. by
the Merrimack.
It is 14 miles N.
from Concord, and 10 W. by S. of
Merrimack
Gilmanton.
co., is
The
some parts good
soil
— that
here
of the
is
in
best
quality lies on the two i-idges exChestending through the town.
nut pond lies in the east part of the
town, and its waters flow into the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Winnepisiogce three miles fiom
extensively sand
covered with a
stratum of loam ; light but
warm, '^edv the nortiiei-n line of
its
;
jiiiiclioii
with the Pcniigewiisset.
Soiulogardy pond tiows into the
thin
Merrimack, Near V. ebster's falls,
the Winnepisiogce falls into the
and
Peinigcvvasset,
the
united
the town it is so light as, in two or
three places of small extent, to be
blown into diifts. The soil of the
hills is good, being a reddish loam.
Fiom the vicinity of this town to
streams form the Merrimack liver.
The
principal elevation, called
Bean
New
separates the town from Canterbury.
Northfield foinierly pos.sessed valuable water privileges on
the Winnepifiogee river, but this
pojtion of its territory is embraced
hy the new town of Franklin.
The first settlement was made here
hill,
in 17()0,by
warm
early vegetation, there are various
culinary vegetables, particularly
peas, cultivated for the New Haven market. But the most striking
feature in the township, is the lai'ge
and beautiful tract of salt meadows
on both sides of the Quinnipiac.
These meadows
produce large
quantities of giass, which is n:ovved and stacked upon the land, fiom
whence, when the giound is frozen
sufficiently solid in the winter, it is
removed. Upon the salt marsh the
hay is salt; but on those meadows
which are pi-otected from the salt
water by means of dikes, the giass
is fresh and of a better quality.
These are called dike marshes or
meadows. The making of brick
leceives considei-able attention in
this town.
Four and a half millions
of them are manufactured annually,
and principally sold in New Haven.
The village is very pleasant, and
was, for more than half a century,
the residence oi Dr. Trumbull,
tht, celebrated historian of Connec-
Benjamin Blanchardand
A
others.
methodist church was
fcniicd here in ISOG.
Incoi-porated
June
19,
17S0.
Population, ISoO,
BTortliiield, TSIass.
Franklin co. This is an interesting town, on bo'h sides of Connecticut liver.
It was incoiporated in
1673, and some j^^ears after desolated
by the Indians. The inhabitants
returned again in 1685, but it was
soon after destroyed a second time.
Ln 1713, it was again rebuilt.
Fort
Dumnier
w-as in the vicinity.
town was purchased
This
the Indians
in 1687, for 200 fathoms of wampum
and £57 value of goods.
Its Indian
name was Squawkea^. Most of the
land in this town is excellent, and
28 miles
the village vei-y pleasant
below Walpole, N. H., 11 N. E.
from Greentield, and 83 N. W, by
W. from Boston. Northfield produces fine cattle, and considerable
wool.
The manufactures of the
town consist of leather, boots, shoes,
ploughs, chairs and cabinet ware.
Population, 1S37, 1,605.
of
:
Nortli
New Haven
was taken from
Haven,
co.
ticut.
Ezra Stilks, D. D., president
of Yale college, was born in this
town, in 1727, and died in 1795. He
delighted in preaching the gospel to
the poor.
Among the members of
his
Ct.
North Haven
New Haven
in 1786.
The
tov/n lies on both sides of the
WallingfordjOr Quinnipiac river, and
comprises the valley and a part of
the bordering hills.
The vaiit-y is
partly rich intervale land, and more
Haven, and from its light and
soil, which is favorable for
I
church
at
Newport were seven
These occasionally met
negroes.
in his study, when he instructed
them, and falling on their knees together he implored for them and for
himself the blessing of that God
with whom all distinction excepting that of Christian excellence is
In the cause of civil
as nothing.
and religious liberty. Dr. Stiles was
an enthusiast. He contended, that
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the right of conscience and private
judgment was unalienable
and
that no exigencies of the Christian
church could render it lawful to
erect any body of men into a standing judicatory over the churches.
He engaged with zeal in the cause
of his country.
He thought, that
the thirtieth of January, whicli was
obscr^^ftd by the Episcopalians in
commemoraiion of the martyrdom
of Charles I, " ought to be celebrated as an anniversary thanksgiving,
that one nation on earth had so much
fortitude and public justice, as to
make a royal tyrant bow to the sovereignty of the people."
He was
catholic in his sentiuVents, for his
heart was open to receive all who
loved the Lord Jesu^ in sincerity.
'H^ was conspicuous for his benevolence, as well as for hi^ learning
He was a man of low
and piety.
stature, and of a sm:iil, though well
His voice was
p.-oportioned form.
His counteclear and energetic.
nance, especially in convei-sation,
wa< expressive of benignity and
railJneis; but if occasion required,
it beome the index of majesty and
authority.
;
ISJortlx
Hero, Vt.
Chief town, Grand r>le CO. This
town was granted to Ethan Allen
an others in 1779, and the settleThe
ment commenced in 1733.
I
British erected a block house here,
at a place called Dutchman's Point,
whic"^! wa < garrisoned and not given
up till 17i>oi The soil of the township is of an excellent quality, and
pro luces grain of all kinds in abunThe county buihlings are
dan-e.
well situated, and the scenery about
it
the villa'j;c is very pleasant.
from Montpelies r»7 miles N.
lier, and 2^ N. N. 'vV. f-oti BurlingPop ilation, 1S30, G3j.
ton.
W
.
Nortli Kingston, R.
I-
Washington co. This is a w .^althy
township on the west si<le of Narragaaset bay, 21 miles S. from Prov-
idence, 10 N. W. from Newport,
and 8 N. from South Kingston.
The surface of the town is uneven ;
the soil is a gravelly loam, well
adapted for the culture of grain and
vegetables, and the productions of
the dairy.
There are some forests
in the town of good ship timber.
It is
watei-ed by several small
streams which produce a good water
power, on which are numerous manufacturing establishments.
These
streams atibrd bass and other tish in
abundance. There is considerable
navigation owned at North Kingston,
which
is
employed
in the coast-
ing trade and fishery.
IVickford villaf^e, in this town,
very pleasant and tlourishing: it
has a good harbor, and is a place of
considerable trade.
It lies abosit 2
is
miles
road.
east of the Stonington railPop. of the town, 1330, 3,037.
KortJiport, Mc.
Waldo
This town is bofindeU
CO..
on the east by Penobscot and BelIt is well watered by
fast bays.
several ponds and small stream-: the
The
soil is good and productive.
navigable advantages of the place
Cond.lerable ship buildare great.
ing is carried on here, and tijcre is
considerable trade in the lumber
and coasting business. It lies -la
miles E. from Au2:;usta and 6 S. from
Population, 1337, 1,107.
Belfixst.
K^ortli
Providence, R.
I.
Providence CO. This ancient ^nd
wealthy town was a part of Piovidenee until 17G7. Population, in
ISIO, 1,753; 1820, 2,120; 1J3J,
3,5)3.
The surface of this town U uneven, condsting of moderate ele' aThe
tions and gentle declivities.
roeks are p.-imi'ive and trand'.ioa:
some limestone is found.
The prevailing soil is a gravelly
loam, which is interspersed with
ti-acts of sandy loun, and so iie of
The forests con ist of
calcareous.
oak, walnut and so.iic
pine
;
and
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
agricuUiiral
hay, corn,
grass,
Besides the cotton business, there
productions,
of
potatoes, vegetables and Traits, many of
whicli are sent to Providence.
the
some rye,
The waters of the town consist
of the Seekonk river, which washthe Wanases its eastern bordej
are in the
;
which
intersects the interior of the
township.
These streams afford
numerous sites for hydraulic works,
some of which are almost unrivalled.
There are some valuable
shad and herring fisheries in the
Seekonk.
This town is distinguished for its
manufactures, particularly those of
cotton, which form an important
interest.
The extent of this business, having concentrated a large
capital, and an immense aggregate
of industry, has, within the last fifty years, given rise to a large and
The village of
flourishing village.
Pawtucketis situated in the northeast section of the town, four miles
northeast from Providence, on the
border of the Seekonk river its site
being principally the declivity of a
;
and it is highly romantic and
picturesque. The river hei-e affords
numerous natural silcs for manufacturing establishments, mills and
hydraulic works of almost every
description, which are scarcely rivalled, and which are occupied to a
great extent.
The rapid march of
hill,
manufacturing and mechanical
in-
dustry, which the short annals of
this place disclose, has few examples in our country, and has produced one of the mo;t con-it!erah!e
and flourishing manufacturing villages in the United States.
The
river here forms the bounJary line
between Massachusetts and Rhode
Island, and the village is built upon
both sides of it; bein?; partly in
each state. That part of the village
which is in this state is piincipally
built on four streets; and coiuprises a large number of handsome
buildings.
fui-aaces for cast-
slitting
&c.
toiies, &,c.
See Pawtucket,
Mass.
;
quatucket, which forms its western
boundary
and the Mashasuck,
town
mills, anchor shops,
cut nail factories, sci-ew manufac-
ing,
K'ortSi Stoiaingtoji, CI.
New London co. This town was
taken from Stonington in 1808. It
watered by the Pawcatuck and
branches, which afford good mill
sites.
The surface is uneven, hilly
and abounding in granitic rocks.
The soil is a gravelly loam, and
generally productive of good pastui'age.
Agriculture is the princiis
its
employment
pal
of
the
inhabit-
ants.
MUltown
some trade
is
a pretty village with
lies 50 m.iles S. E.
from Hartford, 13 N. E. from New
London, and 7 N. by E. from Stonington Borough. Population of the
town
:
it
in 1830, 2,840.
JMortSmnilierlantl, W. H.,
In Coos county, on Connecticut
river, is ISOmiies N. from Concord,
and 7 N. E. from Lancaster. The
soil along the Connecticut is very
productive, pei-feclly free iVom stone
and gravel, and originally covered
with ci growth of butternut.
portion of the upland is also good,
and covered with pine, spruce, tir,
Cape Horn, an
ash, maple, &.c.
abrupt mountain of 1,000 feet in
height, lies near the centre of the
Its north base is separated
town.
from the Connecticut by a narrow
plain, and the upper Amonoosuck
passes near its east base, as it falls
Here the
into the Connecticut.
nieadows are extensive, and are an^
nually covei-edby the spring floods,
pi-eseiiting the appearance of a»
inland sea. At the falls in the Connecticut, below the mouth of the
Amonoosuck, a handsome bridge
Northumberland with
connects
Guildhall, in Vermont.
dam is
a!-o thiown across the river at this
place, at both ends of which are
A
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
pleasant villages and mills of various kinds are erected.
Northumberland was incojporated in 1779.
First settled, 1767.
Population,
1830, 352.
Near the river a small fort was
erected during the revolutionary
war, and placed in the command of
Capt. Jeremiah Eames, afterwards
well known for his usefulness, wit
and pleasantry.
IVoi-tliAVOod, N.
Rockingham
co.
H.
There are
a
;
;
;
;
Suncook, Lamprey and
The
of this town is
genei-ally moist, and well suited to
soil
Northwood was
grazing.
ly a part of
oi-iginal-
Nottingham, and was
Northwood is 20
miles E. from Concord, 20 N. W.
from Exeter, and about the same
Populadistance W. from Dover.
tion, 1830, 1,342.
settled in
1763.
Nortli "I'armoiitli, Me.
Cumberland co. Thisis a pleasant
town on Casco bay, 10 miles N. from
Portland, and 42 S. E. fiom AugusPopulation, 1837, 2,782.
The
town was first settled in 1G40. In
1687 it was attacked by the Indians,
ta.
26
was not
re-settled
by them
and
;
until
1725.
It was incorporated in 1713.
About 4000 tons of navigation is
owned here, employed in the transportation of lumber and the tishery.
There is a fine stream of water in
the town, on which are a paper and
saw
mills,
and other manufactories.
The academy
in
North Yarmouth
well founded and is in a flourishing condition.
See Register.
is
Kortoii, Mass.
num-
ber of ponds in this town, and excellent
tishing.
Suncook pond,
750 rods long, 100 wide ; Jenness'
pond, 300 rods long, 150 wide Long
pond, about 300 rods long, 50 wide
Harvey's pond, 230 rods long, from
40 to 80 wide a part of Great Bow
pond is also in this town, and a part
of North river pond Pleasant pond,
and Litiie Bow pond. The north
branch of Lamprey river has its
rise in this town near Saddleback
mountain, a high ridge between
this town and Deerfield.
On the E.
side of this ridge are found crystals
and crystalline spars of various colors and sizes.
This town has an
elevated site, and commands a distant
and varied prospect. The waters
flowing from the farm of the late
Jonathan Clarke, Esq., one of the
first settlers, fall into three different
rivers, the
Isinglass.
and deserted by the whites
Norton was taken
from Taunton in 1771. It lies 30
miles S. fiom Boston, 17 N. E. from
Providence, and 8 N. W. from
Taunton. Population, 1837, 1,530.
It is well watered by Rumford, Cocasset and Canoe rivers, which
empty into the Taunton. The manufactures of the town consist of theet
copper and copper bolts, cotton
Bristol CO.
goods, boots,
shoes, leather,
iron
ploughs, shuttles, svraw
bonnets and baskets
total value,
the year ending April 1, 1837,
$397,763.
Winnicunnit pond, in this town,
was a great resort for the Indians,
castings,
:
—
whom resided in natural
caves, on its shores, and lived on lisii
and clams.
some of
XorAvalk, Ct.
This pleasant town
Fairfield CO.
on Long Island Sound, 32 miles
lies
W. S. W. from New Haven, 22 S.
fiom Danbury, and 48 N. E. from
Population,
New York.
1830,
3,792.
Norwalk originally included part
Canaof the present towns of
an and Wilton, and part of ^yestport.
In the ancient record, the
bounds are stated to be " from Norwalk river to Sauhatuck river, from
sea, Indian one day walk into the
country."
For this tract the following articles were given, viz " S
fathom wampum, 6 coats, 10 hatchets, 10 hoes, 10 knives, 10 scissors,
lOjewsharps, 10 fathom tobacco, 3
New
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
and 10 lookfollowing ailicles were given to the Indians lor
the tract " from Norvvalk river to
Five mile river, from sea, Indian
one day in country," viz. " 10
fathom wampum, 3 hatchets, 3 hoes
when ships come, 6 glasses, 12 tobacco pipes, 3 knives, 10 drillers,
10 needles."
The name of Norwalk is derived from the above bargain, viz ; the northern bounds of
the lands purchased were to extend
from the sea one day's "northivalk"
into the country,
The soil in this town is excellent.
The surface is uneven, being pleasantly diversified with hills
and valleys. On the border of the
Sound the hills are generally moderate, and in the interior more elevated.
" The valley which lies along
Norwalk river, and in which the
The village is built on both sides
of a small river or creek, which is
much contracted in width at the
bridge which connects the two parts
of the village, and the buildings on
each side of the stream are so near
each other, that the passage of the
river from the noith is not readily
perceived at a short distance. Vessels drawing six feet of water can
get up to the biidge in the most
compact part of the village.
The flourishing village of Old
Well is situated about 1 1-2 miles
south of the central part of Norwalk Borough, on the west side of
the creek.
There are at present in this village six or seven hat factories, three
potteiies, and a carriage makingestablishment.
This is the principal landing place for steam-boats for
Norwalk and the vicinity, there being a daily line from and to
Few
boat every other day
leaves Norwalk bridge for
kettles, 3 bauds- about,
in-J-
glasses."
town
is
built,
The
is
beautiful.
richer prospects of the same extent
can be found than that which is
presented from the neighboring emthe town
inences of this ground
built in its bosom, with its cheeiful
spires
the river flowing through
the middle
the farms on the bor:
;
;
dering hills; the rich plain that
skirts the Sound, and a ti-ain of islands fronting the mouth of the river, and extending eastward five or
six miles
together with an unlim;
ited
view
of the
Sound, and the
Long Island shore."
Norwalk contains two
New
York.
A
New
York.
There is a cotton factory and a
factory for manufacturing cai-pets
in the town.
This establishment,
called the " Patent Carpet Company," was commenced in 1834.
Their carpeting, of which they
manufacture
at this
time about 200
made without spinning or weaving, being made of
felting, the material of which hats
yards daily,
is
are composed.
This town was burnt by the Britunder Tryon, on the 17th July,
ble and flourishing villages, Nor- 1779.
Eighty dwelling houses, 2
walk Borough, and the village of churches, 87 barns, 17 shops, 4
Old Well. Norwalk Borough, (con- mills, and 5 vessels were destroyed.
stituted as such in 1836,) is a vilK'oi"»vay, Me.
lage of upwards of 130 handsome
buildings, and an extensive pottery.
Oxford CO. This is a fine townNorwalk is a place of considerable ship, well watered by several
activity and business, being a com- streams and ponds.
One of the
mercial depot and market for the ponds is large, very handsome,
northern part of the county a con- and discharges its waters into Little
siderable proportion of the staple Androscoggin river.
Norway lies
products being brought hei-e for 47 miles W. by S. from Augusta,
sale, or to be freighted for New and is bounded on the E. by Paris.
York.
Population,
Incorporated, 1797.
considera-
ish,
—
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Wheat crop, same
1337, 1,791.
year, 7,272 bushels.
Nor-wicli, Vt.
Windsor
This town
co.
lies
on
the west side of Connecticut river,
is connected with Hanover, N.
H. by a bridge.
The surface of
the town is uneven, but the soil is
and
good for grain, pasturage and fruit.
Oniponjponoosuck river and other
streams water the town and afforJ
mill seats.
it eood
First settled,
1763.
Population, 1830, 2,316.—
It lies 40 miles S. S. E. from Montpelier and 19 N. from Windsor.
JVorwich village is pleasantly
situated on a plain, near Connecticut river, and contains a university
and a number of handsome buildings.
See Register.
Hampshire
is
The
river.
co.
This mountainwatered by Westfield
in
soil
many
parts
is
grazing, and many sheep
are kept here.
There is a cotton
mill in the town, and manufactures
of leather, boots, shoes, axes, and
spirits.
It lies 108 miles W. from
Boston, and 12 W. b} S from
Northampton. Incorporated, 1773.
Population, 1837, 714.
good
for
Norvricli, Ct.
One of the chief towns of New
London county.
Norwich city is
situated at the head of navigation
of Thames river, at the point of
land formed by the junction of the
Shetucket and Yantic rivers, whose
united waters constitute the Thames.
The main part of the city is built
on the southern declivity of a high
and rocky hill the houses are built
in tiers, ri-^ing one above another.
The city, as it is approached from
the south, presents one of the most
beautiful, interesting and romantic
:
pro-;pects in the state.
The buildings, which
are mostly painted
white, appear in
full
siderable distance
view
down
ed, Chelsea or Norwich Landing,)
a court house and town hall.
high school for boys, and a female
A
academy,
in
which
the
higher
branches of education are
taught,
have been in operation for a considerable time, and are in flourishing
circumstances.
About a mile eastward of the landing is situated the
flourishing village of Greenville, at
the eastern extremity of which a
dam has been constructed across the
Shetucket, which will, it is calculated furnish sufficient water power to
carry 60,000 spindles
four or five
large factories, and perhaps 40 or
50 dwelling houses, are, or are
about to be built. Among the factories there is perhaps the most extensive paper mill in the state, owned, by the Chelsea Manufacturing
:
NorATicIi, Mass.
ous town
these contrasted with the deep green
foliage covering the rocky and elevated banks of the river, give a
picturesque variety to the scene,
forming on tlie water a delightful
avenue to the city. There arc in
this city, (or as it was formerly call-
for
acon-
the river
;
Company. There are also two other paper mills near the falls, which
do an extensive business. The first
paper manufactured
in
was made
town
in
this
Connecticut
by Col.
Christopher Leffingwell.
There
are at, and near the falls, 9 or 10
establishments for manufacturing
Besides these, and those
purposes.
at Greenville, there are some more
The
in other parts of the town.
principal manufactures are those of
Norcotton, paper and woolens.
wich city is 13 miles N. from
London, 38 S. E. from Hartford, 38
New
W. from Providence, and 50 N.
Haven. Population
E. from
of Norwich, in 1830, was 5,179 of
which 3,144 were in the city limits.
Above the cove, which sets up
about a mile from the river, " the
bed of the river consists of a solid
S.
New
;
rock, having a perpendicular height
of ten or twelve feet, over which
the whole body of water falls in an
entire sheet upon a bed of rocks
�NEW ENGLAND
GAZETTEER.
below. The river here is compressed into a very narrow channel, the
banks consisting of solid rocks, and
being bold and elevated.
For a
distance of 15 or 20 rods, the channel or bed of the river has a gradual
descent, is crooked and covered
with pointed rocks.
The rock,
forming the bed of the river at the
bottom of the perpendicular falls,
is curiously excavated, some of the
cavities being five or six feet deep,
from the constant pouring of the
sheet of water for a succession of
ages." At the bottom of the falls
there is the broad basin of the cove,
where the enraged and agitated
element resumes its usual smoothness and placidity, and the whole
scenery about these falls is uncommonly beautiful and picturesque.
proprietors, the whole of Norwich,
which is about nine miles square.
The company at this time gave Un-
During the wars between Uncas
JVottingham Square is a pleasant village on an elevated site. Bog
iron ore is found here in great quan-
and the Narragansets, Uncas was
closely besieged in his fort near the
cas and his sons about £70, as a
further compensation for so large
and fine a tract."
Nottiiigliani, N. H.,
Rockingham
co., is 25 miles E.
E. from Concord, and 20 W. from
Portsmouth. Population, in IS.'JO,
There are several ponds in
1,157.
this town, mostly of small size. Little river and several other streams
rise here ; and North river passes
through the town. The soil is in
many parts good, though the surSeverface is rough and broken.
al mountains extend along the W.
part of the town, forming parts of
the range called Blue Hills.
S.
and it is said inexhaustible
masses of mountain ore exist in the
mountains. Crystals and crystalline spars are found here
and also
ochres in small quantities.
Not-
Thames, until his provisions became nearly exhausted, and he with
his men were on the point of perFortuishing by famine or sword.
nately he found means of giving in-
tities
telligence to the scouts who had
been sent out from Saybrook fort.
By his messengers, he represented
the great danger the English would
be in, were the Narragansets suffered to overpower the Mohegans.
" Upon this intelligence, one
Thomas Leffingwell, an ensign at
Saybrook, an enterprising, bold
man, loaded a canoe with beef, corn
and peas, and under the cover of
night paddled from Saybrook into
the Thames, and had the address to
get the whole into the fort. The
tingham was incorporated in 1722,
and settled in 1727.
Gen. Joseph Cilley entered
;
;
army of the revolution at
commencement and commanded
the
its
the
N. H. regiment.
He was distinguished for bravery and patriotism during the whole contest.
1st
Hon.
Thomas Bartlett was
enemy
an active revolutionary patriot ; one
of the committee of safety ; Lt. Col.
under Stark at the capture of Burgoyne, and commanded a regiment
at West Point in 1780, when the
treachery of Arnold betrayed that
was
post.
soon perceiving that Uncas
raised the siege.
For this sei-vice, Uncas gave Leffingwell a deed of a great part, if
not the whole town of Norwich.
relieved,
In June,
sons,
16.59,
Uncas with
his
two
Owaneko and Attavvanhood,
more ibrmal and authentic deed,
to said Letiingwell, John
Mason, Esq., the Rev. James Fitch
and others, consisting of thirty-five
by
a
made over
Gen.
Henry Butler
was an
army
of the revolution, and Major General of militia.
Descendants of these revolutionary
worthies now live in the town.
officer in the
Niilliegan liiver, Vt.
This river rises by several branches in the highlands, at the north
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
These
county.
of Essex
branches unite and fall into the
This
Connecticut at Brunswick.
part
after
parts rapid ; in othIt waters
ers, deep and sluggish.
about 120 square miles, and is fifty-
river
is
in
some
wide at its mouth. The head
witers of this and of the river Clyde,
feet
pass
N.
into
Memphremagog
lake,
This
near each other.
and
was formerly an Indian route between Connecticut river and Canaare
da.
Oakliani, Mass.
Worcester
co.
The
surface
passing " Winooski
falls into
Champlain lake,
city"
it
five miles
N. from Burlington village.
Winooski is the beautiful Indian
name
of this river, and had the good
people of Winooski possessed the
exquisite taste of their predecessors
they would pro!)ably have called
their
charming
little
cabbage
city
town.
Onion river, so called, has numerous tributaries, and is one of the
most romantic streams in the counThe channels which have
try.
been worn in the rocks, by its cease-
of
less
current,
are
objects of great
passage through
town is uneven some of the admiration. In its
fissures
border on the streams the mountains are found
lands which
this
that
;
into
fall
through
Cluckopee river are
are not very
There is a satinet factory in
good.
of
the town, and manufactures
bonnets, palm-leaf hats, leathstraw
er, ploughs, boots and shoes.
Oakham
1762.
W.
from
in
passage across the mountains, in
that dn-ection: it is certainly highly
picturesque and delightful.
Population, 1S37, 1,109.
Oldtowu, Me.
Penobscot
co.
See Orono.
Oqtiossak.
OldtoAVit Hartoor, Mass.
Oxford
See Edgartown.
co.
CO.
lies
a
Orange, N. H.,
Ompoinponoosuc Kiver, Vt.
about 20
near the
Orange,
Grafton co.,
I
cord.
river at
16 miles E. from
Population,
1830, 405.
In
are found many mineral
this
substances, such as lead ore, iron
There is in the S. E. part
ore, &.C.
pond, in which is found a
a small
species of paint resembling spruce
town
Ouioii River, Vt.
and
This is one of the largest
most valuable rivers in the state.—
length, and in
is about 70 miles in
It
large tracts ot
its course fertilizes
hydraulic
land and produces a great
This stream rises in Cale-
power.
county: it passes nearly
through the centre of the counties
and
of Washington and Chittenden,
is
Dartmouth college, 10 S. W. from
Plymouth, and 40 N. W. from Con-
i
Norwich.
donia
26*
Me.
maguntic. It is very irregular in its
form, and contains many islands.
See Gh-eenbush.
This good mill stream is
miles in length :— it rises
centre of the county of
and falls into Connecticut
littlie,
This large lake
few miles N. E. of the Mooseluck-
Olanuuon, Me.
Penobscot
rocks from 30 to 100
natural" bridges, curious caverns,
and delightful water-falls.
The road near the banks of this
stream, from Connecticut river to
Burlington, is said to be the best
N. W. from Worces-
was taken from Rutland
It
ter.
60 miles
lies
Boston, and 15
solid
feet in depth, with smooth perpendicular sides, 60 or 70 feet in width.
In many places on this stream are
The highlands
fertile.
|
Chalk, intermixed with
yellow.
magnesia, is said to be procured
a
from the same pond. In 1810,
species of ochre was disvaluable
abunIt is found in great
covered.
and ot a
dance, deposited in veins,
imported.—
quality superior to the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
are annually
The surface
of Orange is uneven, but the soil
in many parts of it is productive.
Cardigan mountain lies in the E,
Orange was
part of the town.
granted by the name of Cardigan,
Feb. 6, 1769. Its settlement commenced in 1773.
Large quantities of
prepared
for
it
market.
products of the town in cattle and
wool are considerable.
Orange, Mass.
Franklin co. Orange lies 72
miles W. from Boston, and 20 E.
from
Greenfield.
Incorporated,
1783.
Population, 1830, 830 ; 1837,
1,543.
The manufactures of the
This coun-
town consist of iron castings, boots,
shoes, palm-leaf hats, card boards,
shoe pegs, chairs and cabinet ware
bounded N. by Washington
and Caledonia counties, E, by Connecticut river, S. by Windsor county, and W. by Addison and Washington counties. Area, 650 square
annual amount about $40,000. Miller's river affords the town a good
water power, and Tully hill a line
prospect.
The soil is uneven, and
better fitted for grazing than tillage.
Population, 1820, 24,169;
miles.
Population to a
1S30, 27,285.
square
mile, 42.
Incorporated,
The eastern range of the
1781.
Green mountains extends along the
northwestern part of the county.
The principal rivers, besides the
Connecticut, are the Ompomponoosuc. Wait's, branches of the White,
and Stevens' branch of the Onion.
The lands in Orange county are generally good for grazing, and supply
many cattle and all the varieties of
the dairy, of which a large amount
is annually sent to
market.
In
1837 there were 99,346 sheep within its limits.
This county contains
some excellent tracts of land on the
banks of the Connecticut. Iron and
lead ores, slate and granite, are
There
Orange County, Vt.
Chelsea, chief town.
ty
is
abundant.
Orange,
Orange
miles S.
"Vt.
This town lies 12
E. from Montpelier, and 12
co.
N. from Chelsea.
1793.
The
First
settled,
1830, 1,016.—
cold, and better suited for
Population,
soil is
grazing than grain.
tain lies in this
elevation, and
Knox's moun-
—
town
it is quite an
composed princi:
is
pally of granite.
Some of the
quarries in the town produce excellent granite for building, and here
are found plates of beautiful white
mica, several inches square. The
•
a
is
pleasant village in the
fish pond.
town, and a good
Orange,
Ct.
New Haven co. This
New Haven
taken from
ford in 1822.
town was
and Mil-
The name was
adopt-
ed in honor of William, Prince of
Orange, in commemoration of the
benetits received from him by the
colony of Connecticut; particularly for the restoration of their charter after the usurpation and tyranny
of
Edmund Andros.
about 4 miles S. W.
and is a pleasant
town with a productive soil. The
Orange
from
lies
New Haven
inhabitants are principally farmers.
Savin Rock in this town is a romanand a place of resort in the
summer. There are mines of silver and copper in the town, and asbestos is found in abundance in sertic spot,
pentine rocks.
Population, 1830,
1,341.
Orford, N. H.
Grafton co. It lies on Connecticut river, over which is a bridge,
connecting with Fairlee. Orford is
11 miles below Haverhill, 17 N. of
Hanover, and 64 N. W. from Concord.
The soil is generally of a
fertile character.
The large intervale farms, watered by the Connecticut, are particularly distinguished
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
for their beauty and fertility. There
elevations,
are two considerable
called Mount Cuba and Mount Sunday, lying near the centre of the
town. There are four or five ponds
of considerable size, one of which,
called Baker's upper pond, lies within 3 or 4 miles of Connecticut river.
This pond discharges its waters into another pond, lying partly in
Wentworth, and the waters of both
empty
lies
about
" It is built on a beautiful plain bordered by intervale on
The hills on both sides of
the W.
the river, near the centre of the expansion, approach each other so as
and with a
to form a kind of neck
similar approximation at the two
ends give the whole the appearance of a double amphitheatre, or
The
of the numerical figure 8.
greatest breadth of each division is
about 1 1-2 miles and the length of
each between 2 and 3 miles." The
buildings stand principally on a sinroad.
;
;
gle street, of 2 or 3 miles in extent.
Orford was granted Sept. 25, 1761.
In June, 1765, a Mr. Cross with his
familj^ from Lebanon, first settled
congregational
in this town.
church was gathered Aug. 27, 1770.
Rev. Oliver Noble was ordained
Nov. 5, 1771. Population, 1S30,
A
1,829.
W. from
Ellsworth. Orland is finewatered by ponds and streams
it has a good soil, a pleasant village
and great navigable facilities. Inly
:
corporated, 1800. Population, 1830,
975; 1S37, 1,244.
Orleans Coviiity, Vt.
1
A
main
co.
This toivn lies on
the east side of Penobscot river, opposite to Orphan's Island.
It lies
64 miles E. from Augusta and 12
into Baker's river.
Indian
mile west Irom
Limestone
Baker's upper pond.
found in
great
abundance.
is
It is of the primitive kind, coarse
grained, and forms astrong and hard
cement. It is found at the foot of a
mountain, about 400 or 500 feet
Soap
above Connecticut river.
stone is also found here in great
light grey granite
abundance.
rock, much used for mill stones and
for building, is found in various plaGalena, or lead ore, of a very
ces.
fine texture, containing needles of
crystallized quartz, or lead,hasbeen
found, in considerable quantities in
sinking a well.
Orford contains a
pleasant village, situated on the
pond
Orland, Me*
Hancock
This
Irasbitrgh, cliief town.
county is bounded N. by Lower
Canada, E. by Essex and Caledonia
counties, S. by Caledonia county,
and W. by Franklin and Lamoille
counties. This countj' lies between
the eastern and western ranges of
the Green mountains. The surface
is generally handsome and the soil
well adapted for wheat, rye and
grass the climate is rather too cold
for corn, and some parts of the coun:
marshy.
Orleans
is low and
county is watered by Missisque,
Black, Barton and other rivers. It
contains more ponds than any coun-
ty
Much
goes to Canada by
of
the
Memphremagog
which
ty in the state.
lake,
its
trade
of
way
lies in
county and Canada. In 1S37
there were 30,657 sheep in the
Incorporated, 1792. Popcounty.
this
ulation, 1830, 11,375.
Orleans, Maes.
Barnstable co. Orleans was takIt exen from Eastham, in 1797.
tends across a narrow part of Cape
Cod, and is indented with coves and
Stage harbor
creeks on both sides.
opens on the east through Chatham
and Nauset beaches, which extend
between which
along the coast
and the town is Pleasant bay, with
In 1837, there
several islands.
were 33 vessels belonging to Orleans
engaged in the cod and mackerel
fishery, the tonnage of which was
:
2,310 tons.
tals of cod
They
fish
—
took 20,000 quin-
and 600 barrels of
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
There were 31,000
mackerel.
bushels of salt used, and 2 64 men
The
and boys were employed.
value of fish taken, when cured and
capital inpacked, was $91,100
There are 50 esvested, $33,000.
tablishments for the manufacture
of salt in the town during the year
ending- April 1, 1837, there were
21,780 bushels made. There are
also manufactures of palm-leaf hats,
leather, boots, shoes and tin ware.
Orleans lies 20 miles E. from BarnPopulation, 1S30, 1,799 ;
stable.
1837, 1,930.
:
—
;
Or OHO, Me.
Penobscot co. This tov/n lies on
the west side of Penobscot river, and
is
watered by Dead stream and
a
It is
large part of Pushaw lake.
74 miles N. E. from Augusta. Incorporated, 1808. Population, 1830,
The soil of
1,473; 1837, 3,961.
the town is good, and produced, in
1837, 1,744 bushels of wheat. This
town borders on the Great Falls in
Penobscot river, and contains a
great number of saw nulls, which
manufacture a vast amount of lumDer annually for the Bangor market.
Orono is pleasant and uncommonly
flourishing.
A
rail-road
between Bangor and
the villages of Stillwater and Oldtotvn, in Orono, was opened for
It is 12 miles in
travel in 1836.
length, and cost $350,000.
The
Penobscot river at Oldtown, above
the falls, is 40 feet higher than at
Bangor. The village of Stillwater
is 4 miles below Oldtown.
Above the falls, and about a mile
above the village of Oldtown, near
the mouth of Dead stream, on " Oldtown Island," is the Indian Settlement. This settlement is very pleasantly located, and secure from approach except by boats or canoes.
a number of framed
It contains
houses, and a neat chapel with a
bell.
In 1837, John Neptune, the lieutenant Governor, and other officers
of the Penobscot tribe of Indians,
finished taking by families a very
particular census of all who belong
to the tiibe, for the purpose of a
just and equal distribution of the
annuities and other monies paid to
them. It was found that the families in all were ninety five
the list
exhibiting the head of each family
by name, and the number of individuals each one contains, annexed
thereto.
The whole number of
souls in the tribe was three hundred
and sixty-two. Their officers are,
a governor, lieutenant governor,
a colonel, four captains, one 'squire,
and one deacon. In religion they
are catholics.
Several of them can
read, and a few can write, though
in a poor hand.
The whole tribe is divided in politics, and on some occasions party
—
spirit rages
warmth
with almost as
much
among
the pale faces,
though generally better tempered.
No affair of honor, or rather of
murder, has ever been known to
disgrace these savages.
The
as
tribe
own,
collectivelj'', all
the islands in the Penobscot river,
beginning with that of Oldtown,
where their village is, and including
all up as far as the forks, several
miles above the Matawamkeag,
many of which are exceedingly
pleasant and fertile.
The Indians are not poor, having
sold some of their lands for large
sums.
a remnant, howevreduced a tribe anand uniformly called the
To such
er, is this tribe
—
ciently
Tarratines, who could bring into
the field more than two thousand
warriors, and who claimed the lands
on both sides of the Penobscot river from its sources to its mouth.
Orplian's Island, Me.
Penobscot co. This island, containing about 5,000 acres of excellent land, at the mouth of Penobscot river, is 4 miles in length. It is
attached to the town of Bucksport
the head or north part of it lies oppo-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
site to
the beautiful village in that
town. This island divides the Penobsrot into two branches the westei-n
" Naror main branch is called the
rows," 'on which side a fort is about to
be constructed by the U. S. govern:
ment for the protection of the river.
The other branch is called " Eastern
river."
This beautiful island derived its
name from its having been the property of an orphan heiress who inherited it as her part of the Waldo
Patent.
Orriiigtoii,
Me.
This is a fine township of land with a handsome village on the east side of Penobscot
Penobscot
co.
The
river, opposite to Hampden.
town has a good mill stream and en-
joys great navigable facilities. PopWheat crop,
ulation, 1837, 1,126.
same year, 2,340 bushels.
Orwell, Vt.
Rutland co. This town lies on
Champlain lake opposite to Ticonderoga, N. Y. and contains Mount
Independence, celebrated in the an-
nals of the revolutionary war. The
and
lake here is about a mile wide,
Mount a delightful prosfrom the
pect is presented. Orwell was first
permanently settled in 1783. The
generally good
and productive. In 1837 it contained 21,512 sheep. There is a spring
waters of
in the town from the
soil
of the
town
which Epsom
is
salts
have been made,
animals have been
and shells
found supposed to have pertained to
There are good mill
the ocean.
streams in Orwell and a pleasant
Population, 1330, 1,598.
village.
U so elevated that
storms the winds break
over the summits, frequently causing much injury to the farms, and
Ossipee lake
buildings at its base.
it is
is in this town, and Freedom
a fine body of water, of an oval form,
in length,
and
in easterly
:
covering about 7,000 acres, having
no island, and its waters clear and
beautiful. Ossipee river flows from
this lake, from whence it passes
through Freedom into the Saco, in
Maine. Pine river passes through
the E. part of Ossipee, and Bearcamp river falls into the lake on the
N. W. There are several ponds in
Ossipee, the largest of which lies
partly in Tuftonborough, and is
about 400 rods long. Bear pond in
the S. E. part, has no visible outlet.
Near the W. shore of Ossipee lake,
or 50 feet in
is a mound of earth 45
diameter, of a circular form, and
about 10 feet high, from which have
been taken several entire skeletons,
and also tomahawks, &c. exhibiting
tribe
the strongest evidence that the
once so powerful in this vicinity
had their principal residence here.
Ossipee was incorporated, Feb. 22,
1785.
Population, 1830, 1,935.
Otis,
Hancock
was incorpobounded on the
Otis
co.
rated in 1835.
Me.
It is
west by Ellsworth. It is the source
some of the rivers which flow
Union
into Frenchman's bay, and
Popriver, passes its N. W. corner.
of
ulation, 1S37, 92.
of
Otis, Mass.
Ossipee,
Berkshire co. This township is
of
on high ground, and is the source
someV the head waters of FarmThese
ington and Westfield rivers.
handsti^eams flowfrom several very
]V.
H.,
N. N. E.
and about 15 N. E.
from Concord,
Strafford co. is 60 mile^,
The surface of the
some ponds.
uneven but the soil is protown is
pasturductive, particularly of good
from Gilford, across Winnepisiogee
The manufactures consist ol
age.
Ossipee mountain, a rough
lake.
cabileather, boots, shoes, chairs,
and broken range, lies in the N. W.
&c. It lies 130
into the net ware, lumber,
part of Ossipee, extending
by S. from Boston, and 15
It is 6 or 8 miles miles W.
adjoining towns.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
S. E.
1,077.
from Lenox. Population, 1837,
Otisiield,
Me.
Cumberland co.
This town is
watered by Crooked river, which
empties into Sebagolake. The soil
is very good, and produced, in 1S37,
4,525 bushels of wheat. It lies 82
miles S. S. W. from Augusta and
32 N. N. W. from Portland. Population 1830, 1,257.
Otter Creek, Vt.
This stream rises on the south part
Rutland county
it traverses, in
a northern course, nearly through
the centre of that county, and waters Clarendon, Rutland, Pittsford,
Brandon and other towns; it then
enters Addison county, and passes
to Middlebury, where it falls very
ol
:
—
considerably, affording that pleasant
town an admirable water power;
it then passes Weybridge, New Haven and Vergennes, a ad falls into
Champlain lake at Ferrisburgh.
From Vergennes it is navigable for
the largest lake vessels, 8 miles.
There are no considerable falls on
this
stream except
at
Middlebury,
Weybridge and Vergennes. In many parts of its course it is sluggish.
From Middlebury to Pittsford, a
An
almost countless
number of
sels pass this place annually.
ves-
Fre-
quently live hundred pass
in a day.
15th to June 15th, 1838,
5019 sail were seen to pass in the
day time. Owl's Head is not only
a stopping place in a storm, but a
resort for great numbers of people,
for many miles around, to take passages on board of steamers and other vessels.
It is a delightful place
in summer, and has justly acquired
a reputation for possessing all the
various enjoyments which induce
thousands to visit the sea coast at
other places. It lies 4 miles E. from
Thomaston, 55 S. from Bangor, 40
S. E. from Augusta, and 79 E. N. E.
from Portland.
From March
Oxford
Coviiity,
Paris, chief town.
Me.
This county
bounded N. by Lower Canada, E.
by Franklin and Kennebec counties, S. by Cumberland and York
counties, and W. by New Hampis
shire.
It is watered by the Margallaway, Androscoggin, Saco, and numerous other rivers. In the noith-
distance of 25 miles, it is navigable
for boats.
Otter Creek has many
tributaries which afford a great wa-
ern part of the county lies a collecof large lakes v/hose waters
empty into the Umbagog, and pass
power. Its length is about 90
miles, and on its banks are large
ter
tion
tracts of alluvial meadows, some of
the best in the state.
It receives
the waters of a basin of about 900
to the ocean by the Androscoggin
and Kennebec rivers.
Although
some parts of the county are rough
and mountainous, yet a very large
part of it is exceedingly fertile, particularly on the borders of its numerous rivers, lakes and ponds.
This county contained an area of
2,684 square miles previous to the
formation of Franklin county, in
1838, which was formed partly from
Oxford county. The population of
Oxford county, in 1820, was 17,630,
square miles.
Owl's Head, Me.
Lincoln co. This noted place on
our eastern waters is a point of land
attached to the town of Thomaston,
running out three or four miles into
Penobscot bay, opposite to the island
town of Vinalhaven. Owl's Head
forms the western entrance into the
mouth of Penobscot river, and has
a light house to guide the wary
breakwater
mariner on his way.
is about being erected, which will
render the harbor at this place one
of the most commodious, as it is one
of the most important, on the coast.
A
Incorporated, 1793.
'
1830, 35,211
;
1837, 40,640.
Popu-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The
lation to a square mile, 15.
number of sheep in this county, in
last of the
1S37, was 76,028.
Oxford, Me.
This town is w^atered
Androscoggin river and
It contains some
several ponds.
excellent land and two flourishing
Oxford
by
CO.
little
villages. It produced, in 1837, 3,22b"
bushels of wheat. Population, same
year, 1,124. Oxford lies 52 miles
S. W. from Augusta, and 8 S. from
and murdered some of the people.
This so terrified the inhabitants that
they left the place, and most of
them settled in Boston, where a
French church was maintained by
them several years.
Paris.
Oxford, Mass.
This is an important manufacturing town, of uneven
"Worcester co.
gravelly soil; 45
miles W. from Boston and 10 S. from
Incorporated, 1773.
Worcester.
Population, 1337, 2,047. There are
surface,
strong,
5 woolen and 4 cotton
and manufactures of boots
and shoes :— total value, the year
ending April 1, 1837, $501,394.
Oxford is a pleasant town, and hne-
in the
mills,
peach trees was destroy-
ed by the gale of 1815. They had
a minister while resident here,
whose name was Bondet. These
people remained here till 1696,
when the Indians attacked the place
town
Oxford, Ct.
New Haven
en from
14 miles
and 40 S.
co.
Oxford was tak-
Derby in
N. W. trora
1798.
It lies
New Haven
W. from Hartford. It is
watered by Housatonick and Nauoatuck rivers. The surface of the
town is diversified with hills and
valleys;— the soil is generally a
gravelly loam, fertile and productive.
There are large manufacturing
establishments in Oxford, among
which are three satinet factories
hat manufactory.
watered by French river, which and an extensive
ly
place is
the Quinne- The water power at this
passes to the ocean by
excellent. Population, 1S30, 1,763.
bauz and Thames.
" Governor's Hill" a fine
The original township of Oxford From
was view of the neat village of " Quawas ei^ht miles square, and
Farms," and the surrounding
grantecf to Joseph Dudley and oth- ker
accommodation country is presented.
ers, in 16S0, for the
About one mile south of the cenof about 30 French protestant famtown is a remarkahad escaped from France tral part of the
ilies, who
" The
ble mineral spring, called
Edict ot
after the revocation of the
from the circumstance of its
Nantz, when they became exposed Pool,"
that waters being efficacious, and much
to every cruelty and hardship
for the cure of the salt rheum
catholic intolerance and religious used
" Once in a
complaints.
could invent. They were and other
bigotry
colemigration to month a yellowish scum will
their
in
assisted
upon the surface of the water,
of lect
this country by the proprietors
which in a few days runs off,
the grant, and settled here about
clear.
a hill in and leaves the pool perfectly
They built a fort on
IGSs!
coldest weather, this spring
eastern part of the town, now In the
the
never freezes in the dryest season
called Mayo's, or Fort Hill, where
was it is as full as at other times."
It
;
its
remains are
still
visible.
constructed by the rules of art, with
its
bastions, and "had a well within
another fort,
and a meeting house. The grapes,
their
ctirrants, and asparagus of
grow here, and the
still
planting,
enclosure.
They had
Palermo, Me.
Waldo CO. This town is watered
by several beautiful ponds, which
form the head waters of Sheepscot
This is a farming town of
river.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
good soil and undulating surface,
produced, in 1337, 5,326 bushels of
wheat.
PopuLation, same year,
1,53S.
It lies 16 miles E. N. E.
from Augusta, and 24 W. from Belit
fast.
Incorporated, 1804.
Palmer, Mass.
Hampden
This town was
co.
originally settled by a colony from
Ireland.
It was incorporated in
1752.
The surface of Palmer is
hilly, but the soil is good, particularly along the
Swift rivers, by
banks of Ware and
which
it
is
finely
watered, and supplied with water
power. There are 1 woolen and 2
cotton mills in the town, and manufactures
of boots,
shoes,
scythes,
—
palm-leaf hats and wagons; total
amount, the year ending April 1,
1837, $178,556.
The value of
2,652 fleeces of wool sheared in this
town, that year, was $4,243.—
Palmer lies 70 miles W. by S. from
Boston, and 16 E.
N. E. from
Springfield. Population, 1830, 1,237;
1837, 1,810.
Palmyra, Me.
Elizabethtown, N.
lake.
V., across the
Population, 1830, G05.
Paris, Me.
Chief town, Oxford co. Paris is
well watered, and supplied with mill
privileges by Little Androscoggin
river, on v/hich are several milis^in
the town.
The
though
some parts uneven and
in
soil is
excellent, al-
mountainous.
The principal vilis well built, pleasantly located,
and the seat of considerable busilage
ness.
The town was
incorporated
Population, 1837, 2,352.
Wheat crop, same year, 10,453
bushels.
Paris lies 42 miles W. by
S. from Augusta, and 40 N. by W.
from Portland.
in
1793.
Parkman, Me.
Piscataquis co.
This town is watered by a branch of Piscataquis
river, and has an excellent soil for
agricultural purposes.
It lies 64
miles N. by E. from Augusta, and
14 W. from Dover.
Inc^orporated,
1822. Population, 1830, 803; 1837,
1,125.
Wheat crop, 1837, 6,018
bushels.
Somerset co. Sebasticook river
passes through this town, and affords it a good water power. The soil
Parsonsfield, Me.
York CO. This town lies at the
N. W. corner of the county, and is
is rich, and the surface
undulating. bounded W. by the state of
New
There are some mills in the town, Hampshire, and
N. by Ossipee rivand considerable attention is paid' er. It is
36 miles W. by N. from
to its agricultural interests.
It lies
Portland, 21 N. by W. from Alfred,
51 miles N. N. E. from Augusta, and 93 W.
S. W. from Augusta.—
and 25 E. N. E. from Norridgewock.' First
settled, 1774.
Incorporated, 1807.
Population, in
1837, 1,328.
Wheat crop, same
year, 8,523 bushels.
Paiiton, Vt.
Addison co. This town is bounded W. by Champlain lake, and
E.
by Otter creek.
passes through it
A sluggish stream
yet, although thus
does not possess a good
mill site, the country being
exceedingly level.
It lies 40 miles VV^. S.
W. from Montpelier, 13 N. W.
from Middlebury, 25 S. by V/.'froni
Burlington, and is 4 miles from
watered,
it
;
Incorporated,
Population, 1837, 2,510.—
The surface of the town is rough
and hilly, but the soil, though haixl,
is productive of good crops
of grain
and hay. Wheat crop, 1837, 3,929
bushels.
1785.
There are many good farmers
in
town, and good specimens of
iron ore, zinc and crystalized
quartz
are found here.
In this place is an
incorporated seminary, for the education of males and females.
The
institution is under the direction of
the Free Will Baptists, and is in
a
this
flourishing condition.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Fassadvuul^eag, Ble.
Penobscot
This town lies on
the east side of" Penobscot river, 9S
miles N. E. from Augusta, and 30
N. by E. from Bangor. The soil of
the town is fertile, and promises a
rich reward to the industrious farmco.
Population, 1837, 422. Wheat
same year, 1,070 bushels.
The village of Passadumkeag
is admirable located, and will doubtless become an important mart of
the trade of a large section of counThis flourishing village lies at
try.
the junction of Passadumkeag river
with the Penobscot. This delightful stream is about 25 miles in
length.
It rises in the north eastern part of this county, and waters
the northern part of Plancock county.
It re-enters Penobscot county,
and receives the Cold stream, two
miles from Passadumkeag village.
Both the Passadumkeag and Cold
stream afford excellent mill privier.
crop,
leges.
Passamaquoddy Bay, Me.
This bay lies partly in Maine,
and partly in the Briti-h Province
of New Brunswick.
The boundavy line between the state of Maine
New
Brunswick passes through
the western part of this bay up the
river St. Croix. Campo Bello,Deer,
and other English islands almost enclose this bay from the ocean.
At
its mouth it is about 9 miles in width,
and
and
extends from
West Quoddj^
Lubec, due north into
New Brunswick, about 25 miles.
This bay contains a great numiier of
excellent harbors it is never frozen over, and abounds with cod, herring and other fishes.
The most
important English town on this bay
is St. Andrews, a very flourishing
place, 15 miles N. from Eastport.
The Passamaquoddy Indians re-
Head,
in
;
side at Perry,
Me.
Passum^isick River, Vt.
This river rises in Caledonia,
and on the south border of Essex
27
counties.
It passes south
about
35 miles, and falls into the Connecticut at Barnet, about a mile below
the foot of Fifteen Mile Falls.
It
has a number of tributaries. This
is a valuable stream, both on
account of the numerous mill sites it
afibrds, and the large tracts of choice
intervale it forms on its borders.
It is generally deep, but in many
places it is very rapid, and forms
beautiful cascades.
Patricl£.to\\ai,
Lincoln
co.
Me.
This
plantation
contains the principal part of a large
pond, and is watered by streams
which flow into the Sheepscot and
Damariscotta. This is a large plantation, of good soil.
Population,
1S37, 465.
It lies 17 miles E. from
Augusta, and 20 N.
W.
from War-
ren.
PaAvcatuck River.
This river lises in the western
Rhode Island, and empties
into Long Island Sound, separating,
at its mouth, the towns of Westerly,
R. I., and Stonington, Ct.
It is
navigable about 6" miles from its
mouth, and Wood and Charles rivpart of
ers,
two of
are good
principals tributaries,
streams.
its
m.ill
Pawcatuck
village.
See West-
erly.
Pa^vlet, Vt.
Rutland
co.
The town
is
First settled, 1761.
Population, 1S30, 1,965.
Pawlet
lies 21 miles S. W. from Rutland,
and 27 S. E. from Whitehall, N. Y.
river,
which
lake at
river,
watejed by Pawlet
falls into
Whitehall,
which
rises
Champlain
and by Indian
from a spjing
sufficiently large to carry a mill.
The latter river was formerly
a
great resort of the natives, who frequented it for trout and other fish
with which it abounds. The territory of Pawlet is nearly divided by
a range of mountains, the highest
summit of which is known by the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEEH.
This is a
of " Haystack."
pleasant towa, with some manufacThe soil is dry and warai,
tures.
and produces good crops of corn and
hay. It feeds about 11,000 sheep.
Slater, Esq., the
of cotton manufactures in
Anierica, resided in this village
many years. He died at Webster,
Mass., greatly respected, April 20,
1335, aged 67.
Samuel,
name
fatlier
Paivtiiclcet, Mass.
Pawtiixet River, H.
The
toivn of Pawtucket lies on the east side of the river of
the same name.
It is two miles
square, and was taken from Seekonk
in 1S2S.
The population of the
town,inlS30,was 1,453; 1337, 1,831.
The village of Pawtucket is
very pleasant; it is an important
manufacturing place, commanding
a considerable trade, and contains a
population of about 8,090.
It lies
on both sides of the river, and includes a part of the town of North
Bristol CO.
This celebi-ated river rises in the
western part of the State. It has numerous tributaries, and mingles with
the waters of the Narraganset, five
miles below Providence.
This river is distinguished for its valuable
mill sitesjand for the numerous man-
—
ufacturing establishments erected
on its banks. Pawtuxet and its
branches fertilize a large portion of
Paxtoii, Mass.
V/orcester co.
Paxton was taken from Leicester and Rutland, in
1785.
It is on high ground; its
waters descend both to the Connecticut and Merrimack.
It lies 50
miles W. from Boston, and 7 N. W.
fi-ora Worcester.
Population, 1837,
619.
This is a pleasant town, with
manufactures of palm-leaf hats,
boots, shoes, leather, carriages, &c.
The surface of the town is uneven,
but the soil is good, and well culti-
immense, and the
fall of the river
short distance, is 50 feet.
The river is navigable to the village for
vessels of considerable
burthen.
It runs 4 miles S. by W.
to Providence river, at India Point,
near the depot of the Boston and
v.'ithin a
Providence rail-road, one mile below the centre of the city of Providence.
The river, above Pawtuck-
vated by
chairs,
date of the firstsettlement of Peacham must have been near 1777, when
Henry Elkins, the first child in
town, was born. The first mill was
erected in 1731.
The town is well
watered by several ponds and
streams the surface is pleasantly
diversified the soil fertile and well
cultivated by independent farmers.
The agricultural products are conAbout 6,000 sheep are
siderable.
Peacham lies 20 miles E. by
kept.
N. from Montpelier, and 8 S. by
W. from Danville. Population,
1330, 1,351.
;
cabinet wares, &c.
total annual
value, about two millions of dollars.
The turnpike road from this place
to Pi'ovidence is probably tbj best
road of the kind in the world.
It
is very straight, wide, level, smooth,
and shaded on each side by beauti-
;
;
ful trees.
proprietors.
Caledonia co. As no town can
be considered properly peopled
without some of the fair sex, the
;
vessels,
its
PeacHiam, Vt.
Massachusetts, takes the name
oiBlackstone; below the falls it takes
the name of Seekonk.
This place
is 4 miles N.
fi-om Providence, 36
S. from Boston, 16 W. by S. from
Taunton, and 33 S. E. from Worcester.
At this place are 12 or
more cotton mills and print works,
and manufactures of cotton machinery, bobbins, spools, &e.
of boots,
et, in
carriages,
See Warivick.
the state.
Providence, in R. I.
The tirst manufacture of cotton
cloth in this countrj^, by water power machinery, was commenced at
The water power is
this place.
shoes,
I.
\
�New ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Peeling, N.
II.
Grafton co. This town is 20 miles
N. from Plymouth, and 60 N. from
Concord. The Pemigewas^et passes through its E. section. The three
branches of this river unite in the
N. part of Peeling. There are several brooks and rivulets which supply tliis place with a number of mill
privileges.
The ponds are numerous.
Cushman's mountain, in the
S. W., Black mountain in the N.
W., and Blue mountain in the W.
Among
are the highest elevations.
these mountains, branches of the
Wild Amonoosuck and Baker's rivand Moosehillock brook, have
ers,
their sources.
On the last stream
There
there is a beautiful cascade.
are here two springs which have
Peeling
been termed medicinal.
was settled about 1773. Population, 1830, 291.
Pelliam, N. H.
This town is
Hillsborough co
37 miles S. from Concord,
and 19 S.E. fromAmherst. Here are
three ponds, called Gumpas, Island,
Beaver river
and North ponds.
On this
passes through the town.
tributary streams
river and the
there is much valuable meadow.
distant
The
inhabitants depend principally
on agriculture for the means of supMuch timber and cord wood
port.
are carried annually to the banks of
the Merrimack, and thence conveyed to Newburyport, or to Boston
The
through Middlesex canal.
first settlements were made in 1722.
The town was incoi-poratcd in 174G,
about 5 years after the state line was
established, by which a part was
separated from Dracut, Mass. Population in 1330, 1,075.
Pelliam, Mass.
Hampshire co. This town lies
80 miles W. from Boston, and 13 N.
E. from Northampton. It was incorporated in 1742.
Population, in
The surface o-f the
1837, 957.
town
elevated and uneven ; the
hard but productive. Swift
and Fort livers alford it mill privileges.
Some palm-leaf hats are
is
soil is
made here.
Some years
ago the notorious
Stephen Burroughs profaned the
christian sabbath, by imposing himself on the innocent people of Pel-
ham
as a minister of the gospel.
Peniadtmicook lL<ake, Me.,
Or the
large lake
Bamedumpkok.
This
of very irregular form,
containing a great number of islands, and lies a few miles N.from BaIt receives the
ker's mountain.
waters of numerous lakes, or collections of water, lying between it
and the eastern sources of the
Moose Head. The soil on the borders of the Pemadumcook, and the
lakes connected with it, is remarkThe Jo Mary lakes
ably fertile.
are beautiful sheets of water, and
are surrounded by some of the best
timbered land in the state. They
lie near the Pemadumcook ; and the
facilities afforded for rafting lumber
down the Penobscot, through that
lake, render that section of country
is
very valuable.
PeniTbroke, Me.
Washington
Population, in
co.
Wheat crop, same year,
1837, 86G.
It lies 178 m41es
1,216 bushels.
from Augusta.
See " Down East."
Penil>ro3ie,
K".
H.,
co., lies 60 miles N.
from Boston, and 6 S. E. from
Concord. This town is generally
well watered. The Suncook,on the
S. E. boundary, furnishes many valuable water privileges. The main
street extends nearly on a parallel
with Merrimack river in a straight
course about three miles, and is very
Merrimack
W.
pleasant.
On
this are situated the
principal village.
academy and the
Pembroke has a
mostly very
variety of soils,
productive. On the
�NEW ENGLAND
rivers are small but valuable tracts
of intervale, and from these the
land rises in extensive and beautiful swells, yielding in abundance
when properly cultivated. Pembroke is the ancient Suncook of the
Indians.
It was granted by this
name in 1727, by the government
of Massachusetts, to Capt. John
Lovewell, and his brave associates,
consideration of their services
against the Indians.
The whole
number of grantees was 60 ; 48 of
in
whom
accompanied Lovewell in
his last march to Pequawkett. The
first survey was made in 172S
and
in the following year settlements
;
were commenced. The settlements
increased slowly, in consequence
of the frequent alarms from the Indians, who committed many depredations upon their property.
Population, 1830, 1,-312.
Pembroke; Mass.
Plymouth co.
This town w^as
taken from Duxbury in 1711. Population, 1837, 1,258.
It lies 27
miles S. E. from Boston, and 12 N.
N. W. from Plymouth. North river separates this town from Hanover; and some branches of that
stream, rising from ponds in Pembroke, give it a good water power.
For more than 40 years after the
settlement at Plymouth, this town
contained the only saw-mill in the
colony.
Pembroke is at the head
of navigation on the North river,
and possesses superior advantages
for ship building ; and many noble
vessels, constructed of native white
oak, are annually launched.
The
manufactures of the town consist of
vessels, cotton goods, tacks, iron
ware, chairs, cabinet ware, &c.
The North river is very deep and
narrow, and so exceedingly crooked that it meanders 18 miles in its
course from Pembroke to Sciti;ate
harbor,
is less
when
the distance
than 6 miles.
by land
GAZETTEElv
Pemigewasset River, W. H.
This stream and the Winnepisiogee constitute the Merrimack. It
is formed of three principal branches, having their sources in Peeling,
Franconia, and the ungranted lands
S. W. of the White Mountains.
These branches unite in Peeling,
from whence the main stream passes in a S. direction through Tho'rn-
Campton, between Plymouth
ton,
and Holderness Bridgevvater, Bristol and New Hampton
Hill and
Franklin, where it unites with
Winnepisiogee river, and the main
stream becomes the Merrimack.
;
;
Pemmaquid
Lincoln
Point, Me.
This is an important
point of land, extending into the
sea between Muscongusbay on the
east, and Pemmaquid river and the
waters of Damariscotta on the west.
There is a light house on this point,
which bears W. 10 miles from St.
George's island, and about N. E. 9
miles from Bantam Ledge.
co.
Penobscot River and Bay, Me.
This large and important river,
with its numerous and extensive
branches water a large portion of
the state.
It pierces the county
which bears its name and receives
tributaries from Washington, Hancock, Waldo, Piscataquis and Somerset counties.
Below the union
of the eastern and western branches the Piscataquis and Matawam-
keag
From
are
its
largest
tributaries.
the junction
of the two
branches, or " the Forks," to tide
water at Bangor is about 76 miles.
The east branch rises at the north,
in the Schools lakes, near Aroostook
river, and on its passage to the junction, a distance of about 50 miles,
called Seboois river.
it is properly
The western branch of the Penobscot rises in the high lands on
the border of Lower Canada and
the western frontier of Maine.
It
passes through the counties of Som-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
erset and Piscataquis in an eastern
direction, to its junction with the
eastern branch, receiving in its
course the waters of hikes Chesun-
cook, Peraadumcook, MilUnoket,
and other hxrge collections of water.
This branch passes within 3 miles
northern border of Moose
source of Kennebec river. The length of this branch
of the Penobscot, from its source to
its union with the east branch or
Seboois river, may be stated at
about 140 miles and the greatest
length of the river to Bangor,
215, and to the ocean, 275 miles.
Some of the most important
of the
Head
lake, the
;
this majestic river,
are noted under their distinctive
names; a description of them all with
their hydraulic powers and boatable capabilities, their rapid courses and beautiful cataracts, their
fertilizing qualities, and other pecuInliarities, would fill a volume.
deed, these streams and the immense
basin which they drain, are so little
known, that some years must elapse
before any thing like a fair delineation of the value and beauty of this
Enginteresting 'section of
tributaries of
New
land can be given.
Penobscot Bay. The waters of
this bay extend from OwVs Head
on the west, to Burnt Coat Island
a distance of about 30
on the E.
;
miles.
lands,
and a
It
Fox
At its mouth
Deer Isle, Isle of Haut,
number of smaller islands.
are
extends
to
Belfast
bay,
at
Is-
the
country constituting a counrather a district within the
state, to be divided into counties as
exigencies may require. Not more
than a fourth part of the territory
is settled, incorporated into towns,
With the excepor even granted.
tion of a small portion at its southern boimdary, it comprises a fertile
wilderness, densely wooded, pierction of
ty, is
ed
in
every
direction with mill
streams, and adorned with beautiful
lakes.
It contains a larger extent
of territory than the whole agricultural slate of Vermont, with its
14 large and flourishing counties ;
of no better soil, at a greater distance from the ocean, in nearly the
same latitude, and, in 1S37, with a
population of no less than 31 to a
square mile.
In 1837, before a part of this territory was set off to form Piscataquis
county, it comprised an area of 10,57S square miles. It was incorpoIn 1790,
rated as a county in 131G.
population of only
it contained a
1,154. In 1820, the population was
13,870; 1330, 31,530, and in 1837,
Population to a square^
54,961.
Increase of
mile, 5 and a fraction.
population, in 7 years, 74 per cent.
There are some mountains in this
county, but the surface is generally
undulating, containing as small a
portion of waste land as any county
in the state, in proportion to
Vv ith
regard
to its soil,
it
its
size.
is
con-
ceded by all who have traveled
through the territory and examined
producit, that its quality, for the
of Penobscot river, a distance of 20 miles N. from Owl's
Head. This bay contains a great
number of commodious harbors, and
on its borders are many large and
tion of all the comm-odities necessa-
It
flourishing commercial towns.
affords a great variety of fish, and
the scenery among the islands is de-
consist
mouth
lightful.
Pciiolbscot
County, Me.
Bangor, chief town.
27*
This sec-
the wants and comforts of
man, is better than the soil of NewEngland generally.
ry for
of this county
principally of lumber, of
The manufactures
is annuOther manufac-
which an immense amount
ally transported.
tures, however, are rising on the
banks of its rivers, and will doubtless increase with its population.
In 1837, there were 39,154 sheep
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
county of Penobscot, and its
crop, the same year, amounted to 202,143 bushels.
Large portions of the soil of this
almost wilderness county are stated
to be exceedingly luxuriant, equalling in quality the famed lands of
the Ohio valley.
There are doubt-
The surface of the
pleasant, and the soil good.
Population, 1837, 1,496.
Wheat
crop, same year, 2,074 bushels.
Incorporated, 1787.
less large tracts of land
pleasant town, with a good soil and
handsome orchards. It is watered
by the Nashua river, which gives
it a good water power.
There are
three paper mills in the town, and
in the
wheat
in the val-
Mattawamkeag, AroosMadawaska, as
and which will ultimately
leys of the
took, St. Johns, and
fertile,
become
as valuable
for their agri-
ing sea port.
town
is
Peppcrell, Masg.
Middlesex
cultural productions, as any in our
manufactures
country.
boots, shoes,
The water power of this county
unrivalled by any section of country of its extent in the world, and
the noble Penobscot furnishes it
with a cheap and convenient passage for the wants of its people
from abroad, and for the surplus
productions of the soil at home.
When the resources of this county are more fully developed and
better understood wlien the healthfulness of the climate, the purity
of its air and water, are fairly
compared with those of the western
and southern prairies, and when the
value of a surplus bushel of wheat,
or a fat ox on the banks of the Ohio,
is compared with the value of the
same productions on the banks of
the Penobscot, we trust there will
be less complaint against the soil of
England, for the want of patronage it affords to the enterprize,
comfort, and wealth of her children.
is
;
New
Pe5iol>scot,
Me.
co.
A maritime town,
on the E. side of Penobscot bay,
nearly opposite to Belfast, and i2
miles E. by N. from it.
It is 75
miles E. by N. from Augusta, 8 N.
by E. from Castine, and 17 S. W.
from Ellsworth. An arm of Penobscot bay sets up from the S. W., and
gives the town great navigable facilities.
It has a great water power,
and its manufacture of lumber, its
ship building, and coasting trade,
render it an important and flourish-
Hancock
co.
of
&c.
This
is
palm-leaf
a
very
hats,
Annual amount
about $80,000. Incorporated, 1753.
Population, 1837, 1,586.
It lies 33
miles N.W. from Boston, and 17
N. N. W. from Concord.
Col. William Prescott, the
brave
defender of Charlestown
heights, was a native of this town.
He
died in 1795, aged 70.
This town derived its name from
Sir
William Pepperell, who
about the year 1727, was chosen
one of his majesty's council, and
was annually re-elected 32 years,
till his death.
Living in a country exposed to a ferocious enemy,
h.e was well fitted for the situa-
which he was placed, for it
pleased God to give him a vigorous
frame, and a mind of firm texture, and of great calmness in danger.
He rose to the highest military honors which hiscountiy could
bestow upon him. When the expedition against Louisbourg was
contemplated, he was commissioned by the governors of New England to command the troops.
Ho
invested the city in 1745.
There
was a remarkable seiies of providences in the whole affair, and Mr.
Pepperell ascribed his unparalleled
success to the God of armies. The
king, in rcAvard for his services,
conferred upon him the dignity of a
baronet of Great Britain, an honor
never before conferred on a native
of New England.
He died at his
seat in Kittery, Maine, July 6,
I759,aged 63 years, leaving but on«
tion, in
�GAZETTEER.
NEW ENGLAND
good navigable
is favored with
considerawaters, and is a place of
busiiel Sparhawk.
enterprise in the fishing
ble
liam (son of Col.
and the coasting
The name and ness, ^bip building, It is 184 miles
iu London in 1817.
and lumber trade.
2o J^.
title are extinct.
E by N. from Augusta, and
relict ot
Incorporated,
Lady Mary Pepperel
her N. E. from Machias.
died at
Sir William Pepperell,
Population, 1837,929.
1818.
daughter, the
^^nfe Of Col. NathanilThe last feudied
Sparhawk,) \J
It
seatinKittery,Nov.25,1789^She
town,
At Pleasant Point, in this
Hirst,
river, is an
was daughter of Grove
on the margin of the
of Hon
ot
Esq. and ^rand-daughter
reservation, the residence
Her natural and Indian
Judge Sewall.
the Oiieyiangos, or
remnant of
said to be the
acquired powers were
Passamaquoddij tribe. The village
and she was much
respectable,
Catholic church,
very
sweetness
admired for her wit and
»
of manners.
William Pepperkll,
Sir William,
ther of the
native of Cornwall,
t^rst
the
la-
was
a
contains a Roman
souls.-—
about 20 cottages, and 120
about
reservation comprises
The
27,000 acres.
England, and
about the
emigrated to this country
settled at the Isles
year 1676, and
of Shoals,
said
as a
so
he was
after his
Pervi,
Me.
Peru is bounded on
CO.
and
by Androscoggin river,
It is the N
fisherman.
pleasant ponds and
contains some
poor for some time
has a good soil and
arrival, that the lady
the
paid his addresses at
to
Oxford
It
mill streams.
bushe.s of
produced, in 1837, 3,457
year,
he
Population, same
wheat.
to him.
Peru
Shoals would not hearken
Incorporated, 1821.
his 854.
However, in a few years by
W. by N. from Augusgot lies 38 miles
frugality, he
from Pans.
industry and
ta, and 17 N. by E.
out a brig, which
enouo-h to send
Peru, Vt.
lady now
he lolded to Hull. The
After his marGreen
consent.
gave her
Bennington CO. This is a
he removed to Kittery, Mountain township, high and brokriao-e,
wealthy
hsh ponds
where he became a very
It contains two large
en
merchant, and died in 1734.
which issue beautiful mounfrom
First settled, 1 73^
tain streams.
Peqiiawkett River, N. H.
It lies 3C
Population, 1830, 455.
Pequawkett, written by Belknap miles N. N. E. from Bennington,
PickWindsor.
Piswacket, and by Sullivan
and SOS. W. from
true orthography is
wocket, but the
Peru, Mass.
an Infound to be Pe-quaw-kett;
applied to a considerable
rough
dian name
Berkshire co. This is a
wherein
country, now including
whom
/
of
town,
Me., and mountainous
and W estConway, N. H., Fryeburgh,
branches of Housatonick
towns.It was formerly
and some of the adjacent
rise.
fiehl rivers
of a river flowand i^nconx)It is also the name
called Partridgefield,
ne
Saco, from two ponds
ino- into the
by that name in 1771. 1
be- rated
tract
mountain
in^Eaton; and of a
Bartlett and Chatham,
tween
merly called Kearsarge.
for
Perry, Mc.
lies
Washington co. This town
w!side of St. Croix river,
on the
Eastport,
and 5 miles
to
which
N. W.
it is
from
connected by a bridge.
«oil
The
ers.
grazing.
cold but adapted for
tarminhabitants are chiefly
In
Population, 1837, 656.
is
that year 6,127 sheep
n
wh
Sftll
were sheared
wool,
town; the value of the
was
lbs
h weighed 18,381
111 miles AV.
Peru lies
948
18 N.E. from Lenox,
this
lorn Boston,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
and 47 E. from Albany, N. Y.
It
highest land between the
Coanecticat and Hudson rivers.
is
the
Peterljoro-ugli,
Hillsborough
co.
midway between
'X.
M,
75 miles
W.
S.
lies
Amherst
and
W.
from Ports-
mouth, 60 N. W. from Boston, and
40 S. \V. from Concord. Peterborough lies in a N. E. direction from
the Grand Monadnock,and is bounded on the E. by a chain of hills
Contoocalled Pack Monadnock.
cook river runs in a N. E. and N.
direction through the centre of the
town, affording several good pi-ivi-
The
leges for mills and factories.
N. branch, from Dublin, originating
partly from waters near the Monadnock, and partly from Long, or
Hunt's pond, lying in Nelson and
Hancock, atfords a never-failing
supply of water, and furnishes those
noble falls, on v/hich are situated
There are exseveral factories.
tensive and valuable meadows on
this branch, above these falls; and
the soil generally throughout the
town is excellent. In the centre
of the town is a high hill, formerly
the site of a meeting house, at an
elevation of 200 feet above the rivThe chain of hills on the E. is
er.
distinguished by two pi-incipal sumBetween these summits is a
mits.
depression of a quarter part of the
mountain's height. About GO rods
W. of the ridge, or summit of this
depression, on an emhenchment of
the mountain, is a pond of about
9 acres extent, very deep and replenished with fish, at an elevation
of 200 feet above the site of meetThere are rocks
ing liouse hill.
in several places which afford indications of sulphur, and ci-umbie on
exposure to the sun and air. Iron
ore of an excellent quality has been
discovered, but as yet in small
quantities. Peterborough was granted in 1733, by the government of
Massachusetts
to
settlement
In 1759 there
were 45 families, and on the 17th
Jan., the next year, the town was
Samuel Hey wood
tirst
The
incorporated.
This town
Keene, being 20 miles from each.
It is
The
and others.
took place in 1739.
tirst settlers
of
Peterborough were Scotch Presbyterians, from Ireland, or their immediate descendants. Wholly unused to clearing and cultivating of
wild lands, they endured great hardTheir nearest gristmill was
ships.
miles distant
at Townsend, 25
their road, a line of marked trees.
The tirst male child born here, was
John Richie
;
he was born Feb 22,
1751, and died in the service of his
country at Cambridge, in 1776.
Population, 1830,1,934.
Petersliam, Mass.
Worcester co. Petersham is a
very pleasant town, elevated on a
swell of fertile land, and presenting a fine prospect of many
of the neighboring towns.
It was
first settled about the year 1732, and
was called by the Indians JYashawang. Swift river waters a part
of the town, and affords a water
power. There is a Vv^oolen mill in
the town; and manufactures of
palm-leaf hats, leather, boots, shoes,
chairs, and cabinet ware
total annual value, about $60,000.
It lies
62 miles W. by N. from Boston, and
:
27 N.
W. from Worcester.
tion,
1S37, 1,731.
Popula-
Incorporated,
1754.
Pliillips,
Me.
This town is waby Sandy river. It lies 53
N. W. from Augusta, and 15
Franklin co.
tered
miles
N. W. from Farm in gton. IncorpoPop. 1830, 954; 1837,
Wlieat crop, in 1837, 6,23S
rated, 1812.
1,283.
bushels,
Pliilllpstou, Mass.
Worcester co.
There is a large
pond in this town, the source of
Burnshint river. This pleasant town
was taken from Athol and Templeton, in 1786.
It was called Gerry
until 1812.
The manufactures of
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the town consist of cotton and
woolen goods, p;ilm-leaf hats, leath-
and shoes ; annual value,
It lies 53 miles N.
about $75,000.
W. by VV. from Boston, and 25 N.
W. from Worcester. Population,
1837, 8S7.
er, boots
Pliipsbur^^li,
Lincoln
town
at the
co.
This
mouth
of
is
Me.
a maritime
Kennebec
riv-
on the west side, 40 miles S.
from Augusta, and IS S. W. from
er,
Wiscasset. Population, 1837, 1,430.
of a peninsula of land,
of about 15 miles in length, and
from two to four miles in width, lying between Kennebec river, on
the east, and New Meadows, or
Stevens' river, on the west, and extending from Small Point, the eastern boundary of Casco bay, to the
town of Bath on the north. It conIt consists
the first governor under it.
He arrived at Boston, as governor, in 1692
In 1694, in a dispute with the col
lector of the port. Sir W'illiam so
far forgot his dignity as to descend
to blows.
He was removed from
office,
and
returned
to
England.
Pie received assurance of being restored, but before that event happened he died, in 1695, aged 44.
Phipsburgh
has
considerable
trade and navigation.
Ship building is pursued, and fishing is a
source of profit. There is no better site for fishing establishments
on the coast. It is a very pleasant
town, and an agreeable location to
court the sea breezes in summer.
Picrmont,
IS.
H.,
Grafton co., is bounded N. by
Haverhill.
miles N.
It is 65
N. W. from Concord.
The soil,
tains a U. S. fort, and Seguin and especially on the Connecticut, is
Pond islands, on which are light good. The meadows, or intervales,
houses.
are extensive, and in some instanPhipsburgh was taken from the es highly cultivated. The meadancient town of Bristol, in 1816, ows are composed of sandy loam,
and named in honor of Governor in some places inclined to marie,
Phips, who was born in Bristol. and are favorable to the growth of
Governor Phips lived in the wil- wheat, corn and every kind of grain.
derness of Maine till he was eigh- Back from the river the town is
teen years of age, and was then an made up of swells of fine giazing
apprentice to a ship-carpenter four and mowing land, well watered with
years.
He went to Boston, and brooks and springs. In the N. E.
learned to read and write. He chose part of the town are three considEastman's
called
erable ponds,
to seek his fortune on the sea, and
From these ponds issues
had the good luck to discover the ponds.
wreck of a very valuable Spanish Eastman's brook, which, passing in
vessel on the coast of Hispaniola, a S. E. direction, falls into Connecand by the aid of the British gov- ticut river, forming a number of
ernment succeeded in tishing up excellent mill seats. Indian brook,
plate, pearls and jewels, amounting on which mills are erected, is in the
in value to three hundred thousand S. part. The settlement commencPopulation, in 1830,
pounds sterling, with which he ed in 1770.
in 1687.
He obenterprise sixteen
thousand pounds, and the honor of
sailed to
England
tained by
knighthood.
his
He
returned
to
Bos-
1690, and commanded the
expedition against
Port Royal,
which place he captured. When
the new charter of Massachusetts was obtained he was appointed
ton
in
1,042.
Pilot Mountain, N. H.
See Killienny.
Piscataqna River, X. H.
The only large
course
is
in
whose entire
Hampshire, is
river
New
formed by the junction of several
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
small streams in a wide and deep
bed hollowed out partly by them,
and partly by the tide. The names
of these streams, beginning at the
northeast, are Salmon Fall, Coeheco, Bellamy bank, Oyster, Lamprey,
Squamscnt, and Winnicut rivers.
;
The
live last unite their waters in
a large and irregular bay between
Durham and Greenland, more resembling a lake than a river. The
waters of this bay meet those of
Salmon Fall and Cocheco rivers,
" That from and
day of April next,
after the
last
that portion
of territory lying north of the south
lines of Parkman and Wellington,
in the county of Somerset, and lying
north of the north lines of the towns
of Dexter, Garland, Charleston,
Bradford, and south line of Kilmarnock, in the county of Penobscot;
and bounded east by the east lines of
all
and join the ocean 2 or 3 miles
below Portsmouth; embosoming
several islands, and forming one of
the best harbors on the continent.
Milton, Kilmarnock and townships
four in the eighth and
ninth ranges; and thence bounded
east by a line running north from
the northeast corner of said township numbered four, in the ninth
range, to the north line of the state ;
and bounded on the west by the
west lines of Wellington, Kingsbury, Shirley, and township number
two in the iifth range and thence
Few
bounded west
coming from the northwest at Hilton's point, a few miles below DoAfter
ver.
ceed
east
this junction,
in a direct
they pro-
line to the
south-
;
rivers
make
a
more magnifi-
cent appearance than this ; yet the
streams by which it is supplied are
small.
Salmon Fall furnishes more
than all the rest.
This stream is
JVewicliawannock fi'om the
Berwick till it receives the
waters of the Cocheco
but the
name of Piscataqua ought to be applied to the whole of Salmon Fall
called
falls in
;
river.
Piscataquis Kivei', Me.
numbered
;
by
a line
running
north from the northwest corner
of said township number two, to the
Kennebec river; thence up and by
the southerly bank of said river to
Moose Head lake thence bounded
westerly by the westerly margin
of said lake, to the northwest angle
of said lake
and thence bounded
west by a line running north, to the
north line of the state
be and the
same is hereby constituted and
made a county by the nam.e of," &c.
This county is therefore bounded
N. W. and N. by the British possessions in Lower Canada, E. by the
county of Penobscot, S. by the
counties of Penobscot and Somer;
—
—
•The head waters of this river are
found in the high lands which separate the waters of Penobscot and
Kennebec rivers. Its length is about
65 miles, passing in a course nearly set, and W. by Somerset county
east.
It has many tributaries, of
There are numerous lakes and ponds
which Sebec and Pleasant rivers, in the county, the largest of which
and Seboois stream, from the north, are the Moose Head, Chesuncook
are the largest.
In its course it and Pemadumcook. The county is
fertilizes large tracts of country,
crossed by the Piscataquis, Penoband gives to the towns through scot and Walloomstook riveis, but
which it passes a good hydraulic most of its excellent mill streams,
power.
of which there are many, rise within the county, from its own natural
Piscataquis Cowiity, Me.
-Dover, chief town.
This county
.vas incorporated, T^Iarcli 23, 1838.
Its territory is
thus described in the
act of incorporation, to wit
There are some considersources.
able elevations, the largest of which
is Katahdin Mountain.
The character of the surface and soil of Piscataquis county is generally that of
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEEH
Penobscot and Somerset counties,
from which it was taken.
Piscataqiiog River, N. H.,
formed of two principal branches, one from Francestown, the other
from Henniker and Deering, which
unite and form the main stream near
Is
It purthe W. line of Gofistown.
sues a southeasterly course through
Goffstown and the N. E. corner of
Bedford, where it falls into Merri-
mack
Pittsfield, N.
Merrimack
co.
PiscATAQuoG Village,
on
and near its mouth, is a
thriving and pleasant village, situthis riv'er
ate in the N. E. part of Bedford. A
handsome bridge is constructed over
the Piscataquog, in this village, 60
Since the Union
feet in length.
Canal commenced operation, the
boating business to this place has
been carried on with much success.
On the S. side of the river, below
this village, is a public landing
place, extending fo the Merrimack,
and from this place lumber of all
descriptions from the circumjacent
country, is conveyed down the river to market by rafts and boats to
Newburyport,and through the ^liddlesex canal to Charlestown and
Boston. The rise and present flourishing appearance of this village is
owing in a great measure to the
enterprise and industry of V/illiam
Parker and Isaac Riddle, esquires,
who were the lirst to commence
in this
the mercantile business
place.
Pittsfield,
Me.
Somerset co. This is a town of
excellent soil, and a branch of Sebasticook river rises in the S. E.
corner.
The inhabitants are generally good and thriving farmers.
Pittsfield was incorporated in 1819.
Wheat crop, 1837, 4,869 bushels.
1837, 836.
Population, 1830, 609
It lies 38 miles N. N. E. from Augusta, and 20 E. from Norridgewock.
;
surface of
Pittsfield is pleasantly varied, with
a good soil.
Suncock river passes
through the town, affording good
mill privileges.
Catamount mountain stretches across the S. E. partot
the town, from the summit of which
delightful views are obtained. There
are a number of ponds in the town ;
west of which the magnetic-needle
varies materially. Berry's pond is on
the mountain
it is half a mile in
length, and is supplied by mountain
springs.
There is a neat and flourishing village in Pittsfield
a large
cotton mill, a scj'the factory, and an
:
river.
H.
The
—
;
academy.
This town was
first
settled in 1784.
Population, 1830, 1,271. It
miles N. E. from Concord.
is
16
Pittsfield, Vt.
Rutland co. Tweed river is formed in this tov/n, by two branches,
which afford mill seats: it empties
into
White
river,
which
passes
The
through the N. E. corner.
surface of the town is mountainous,
and the soil hard. Pittsfield was
Population,
1786.
35 miles S. S. W.
from ]\Iontpelier, and 17 N. E. from
first
settled
1830, 505.
in
It lies
Rutland.
Pittsfield, Mass.
Berkshire co. This large manufacturing and agricultural town, a
mart of trade for a large section of
country, lies 125 miles W. from
Boston, 5 N. from Lenox, and 33 E.
from Albany, N. Y. Population,
The settlement of
1837, 3,575.
this place, the
Indian Pontoosuck^
It was
in 1736.
incorporated in 1761. It was a frontier town for some years, and garrisons were erected for the protection
of the inhabitants against the in-
was commenced
The town is
roads of the savages.
finely watered by two branches of
the Housatonick, which unite near
There are in Pittsfield
its centre.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
6 woolen and 2 cotton mills, and
manufactures of muskets, iron castings, tin ware, leather, hats, car-
ant town, on the east side of Kennebec river, opposite to Gardiner;
7 miles S. by E. from Augusta.
It
riages, prunella hutton'5,
chairs, is a flourishing town, of good soil,
corn brooms, cabinet ware, &c.
and has several ponds and mill
streams, and a considerable business
total amount, the year ending April
1,1S37, $68S,71(». The value of in the lumber trade. Incorporated,
Population, 1837, 2,121.—
12,962 fleeces of wool sheared in 1779.
the
town the same year, was Wheat crop, same year, 2,231 bushPittsfield is one of the els.
$19,443.
pleasantest towns in New England
Plaiiiiield, N. H.,
it lies 1,000 feet above the level of
Sullivan co., lies on Connecticut
the sea, in a fertile valley between
It is 12 miles S. from Dartthe Taughkannick and Green moun- river.
tain ranges.
The village is well mouth college, and N. W. 55 from
There is considerable
located, and contains many beauti- Concord.
valuable inteivale, on Connecticut
ful buildings, which, with the fine
scenery and well cultivated farms river, and in other parts are excelThere are two
that surround it, presents a great lent meadows.
At the S. W. part of this
variety to charm the eye and to ponds.
gratify the taste of the intelligent town, in CoTinecticut river, is Hart's
:
There
are in Pittsfield a medical
institution, a female academy, &c.,
which will be noticed in the Register.
Rutland co. Otter creek meanthrough this very pleasant and
floui-ishing town, nearly in its centre, and fertilizes a large part of
its territory.
Furness rivei- afrbrds
the town good pi-iviieges, on which
are large iron works and other manufactories.
Iron ore of a very fine
quality, and elastic marble, are
abundant; also, the oxide of managricultural produc-
tions are valuable.
In 1837 there
were in the town 12,363 sheep.
A
female child was born here in 17S4,
who died at the age of 9 years, and
weighed 200 pounds. Pittsford was
first settled about the year 1770.
It
was
a
frontier
Vengence
town
for a
The remains
ber of years.
are
still
of
visible.
numFort
This
44 miles S. W. from Montpelier, and 8 N. from Rutland.
town
lies
Population, 1830, 2,005.
Pittston, Me.
Kennebec
CO.
stream, flowing from Croydon mountains, waters the town.
Liituated
dei-3
The
A small
Plainiield
Pittsford, Vt.
ganese.
which contains 19 acres.
Waterqueechy falls are in this town.
A bridge was erected here in 1807.
island,
agriculturalist.
Pittston is a pleas-
has a pleasant village,
on
a handsome plain,
centi-e of which the
N. and S. On a pleasant eminence in Meriden parish is
located " The Union Academy," incorporated June 16, 1313.
It is endowed with a permanent fund of
through the
street passes
,1^40,000, the liberal
bequest of the
Hon. Daniel,
interest of which,
Kimball, the
late
directed
applied as
as
his last will, is to be
by
fol-
lows, viz !^150 annually to the
support of a Calvinistic preacher,
and the remainder for the instruction of pious young men for the
:
ministry.
This seminary is in a
flourishing
condition.
Plainiield
was granted in 1761, and was settled
Population, 1830, 1,581.
in 1764.
Plainiield,
Washington
co.
"Vt.
First settled,
1330, 874.
It
Population,
1794.
lies 8 miles E. from Montpelier, and
21 from Nev/bury.
At the junction of Onion river and Great brook,
in this town, is a neat village with
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER
some manufacturing operations by
There is a mineral spring
water.
in the town of some note, and a tine
The soil is geuenilly of
trout pond.
a good quality, and feeds about
3,000 sheep.
Flainiield, Mass.
Plaistow, N.
II.
Rockingham
co.
It lies 36 miles
from Concord, and 30 S. W.
from Portsmouth.
Plaistow was orriginally a part of Haverhill, Mass.,
and included in the purchase of the
S. S. E.
Indians in 1642.
Among the first
were Capt. Charles Bartlett,
Nicholas White, Esq., Dea. Benja-
settlers
Hampshire
co.
town
This
is
elevated on the Green mountain
range, at the N. W. corner of the
county, and watered by the upper
branches
of
Westfield river.
Although the surface is rough and
mountainous, 3et the soil is excellent for pasturage, and produces some
In 1S37, the fleeces of
fine cattle.
3,772 sheep, sheared in this town,
were valued
at $.5,379.
There are
min Kimball and
J. Harriman.
Their posterity now inhabit the
town. After it became annexed to
New Hampshire, a charter was
granted in 1749. The soil of this
town is good, being a mixture of
black loam, clay and gravel. Population, in 1830, 591.
Piatt River, Vt.
2 woolen mills, and manufactures of
This small but good mill stream
boots, shoes, leather, palm-leaf hats,
rises in a pond in Richmond
passtotal anchairs, cabinet ware, &c
es through Hinesburgh, and a cornual value about $40,000. Plain- ner of Charlotte, and falls into
field lies 110 miles W. by N. from
Shelburne bay.
Boston, and 20 N. W. from Northampton. Incorporated, 17S5. PopPleasant Rivers, Me.
ulation, 1837, 865.
Pleasant River, in Washington
county, rises from a pond in BedPlaiiifield, Ct.
dington, and passing in a N. E. diWindham CO. Mooseup river af- rection falls intoPleasant river hay,
fords this town a good water power, which lies E. from Naraguagus bay,
on which, in the pleasant villages of and is connected with that bay, at
Unionville and Centreville, are its mouth.
considerable manufactures of cotPleasant River, Piscataquis counThis town
ton and woolen goods.
mill stream
a
was incorporated in 1700 a part ty, is an important
of the Piscataquis, from
land is broken and stony, but tributary
of the
two
It receives the
the north.
in the western section there is an
branches, as they are callextensive plain, of a light sandy Ebeeme
about 15 miles from its mouth,
loam, noted for its adaptation to the ed,
in Milo.
growth of corn and other grain.
;
;
;
:
in olden times this plain was called
the Egypt of the surrounding country.
The village is on a commanding
eminence, from which there is an
extensive prospect, and in which is
one of the best academies in the
state
;
incorporated in 1783.
It lies
41 E. from Hartford, and 8 S. by E.
from Brooklyn. Population, 1830,
2,290.
28
Plimi Island, Mass.
See JVewhury.
Plymcutli, Me.
This is a fine
Penobscot co.
township of land, watered by beautiful ponds, and a valuable branch
It lies 45
river.
of Sebasticook
miles N. E. from Augusta, and 23
W. from Bangor. Wheat crop, 1337,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER,
Population, same
4,530 bushels.
Incorporated, 1828.
year, 791.
Plymoiitli, N. H.,
The
half shire of Grafton county,
75 miles N. W. from Portsmouth,
31 S. E. from Haverhill, and 40 N.
from Concord. This town is well
watered. Besides numerous smaller streams, there are two rivers,
Pemigewasset and Baker's, both ot
which are of considerable importance.
They take their rise in the
heio-ht of land between the Connecticut and Merrimack, called the
eastern ridge.
Baker's river is 30
miles in length. The soil is tolerably good, and in general is well culis
tivated.
Holmes' academy
is
situ-
ated in this town, and is a very flourishing school. Plymouth was granted in 176.3. The first settlement
commenced in 1764. The intervales in this town were formerly the
resort of Indians for hunting.
At
the mouth of Baker's river they
had a settlement, where Indian
graves, bones, &c., have been
also
found
gun barrels, stone
mortars, pestles, and other utensils.
Here, it is said, the Indians were
attacked by Capt. Baker and a party
from Haverhill, Mass., who defeated them, killed a number and destroyed a large quantity of fur.
From him, Baker's river derives its
name.
Population, in 1830, 1,175.
:
Plymoiitli, Vt.
quite abrupt.
The soil is generally good for grazing, and considerable products of the dairy are sent
is
market.
Black
and
Plymouth lies 52 miles S. from
Montpelier, and 15 W. by N. from
Windsor. Population, 1830, 1,237.
First settled, 1776.
Plymoiitli Coujity, Mass.
Ph/mouth, chief town.
Queechy
rivers take their rise here, and afford mill privileges.
There are a
number of natural ponds in the
town, which furnish a great supply of trout and other fish.
Among
the lime stone rocks which abound
in this town are numerous caves,
some of which ars very large, and
The
soil
New
of this most ancient county in
England, is not so productive as that
of many others in Massachusetts;
yet there is considerable good land
within its limits.
It has a great
water power, which
is
more
partic-
ularly applied to the manufacture
of iron ware, of all sorts, both
wrought and cast. It has an abundant supply of iron ore, of a superior quality.
This county has a sea
coast on Massachusetts bay, of between 30 and 40 miles, and many
ships are built in its numerous ports
of native white oak.
This county
has considerable foreign commerce;
but its shipping is principally engaged in the tishing business and
coasting trade.
It is bounded N.
E. by Massachusetts bay, N. by
Norfolk county, and Boston harbor,
W. and N. W. by Norfolk county,
S. W. by Bristol county, and S. E.
by Buzzard's bay, and Barnstable
county. Area, about 600 square
miles.
This county was incorporated
in
1635.
Population,
1320,
38,1.36; 1830,42,993; 1837,46,253.
Population, to a square mile, 77.
The North
Windsor co. Two mountains in
this town rise to a considerable elevation, one of which. Mount Tom,
to
Extensive beds of soapcurious.
stone are found here.
river,
emptying
into
Massachusetts bay, and numerous
branches of the Taunton, are its
chief rivers.
In 1837, there were in this county 11,410 sheep.
The value of the
manufactures, the year ending
April 1, 1837, was $4,896,907.—
The value of the fishery, during the
same period, was ,$582,419.
Plymoiitli, Mass.
Plymouth
Chief town. This
it being the
oldesi settlement by Europeans in
New England, and the landing
place
is full
co.
of interest,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
place of our forefathers on the 22d of
December. 1620. Its Indian name
was Fatuxet. Plymouth lies 35
miles S. E. by S. from Boston
N.
W. Ion. 70° 40'
lat. 41° 57' 30".
45". Population, 1830, 4,334 1837,
Incorporated, 1620.
5,034.
"Plymouth was the first town built
:
;
New
able fortitude, their undaunted resolution, their love to each other,
their justice and humanity to the
savages, and there freedom from all
those stains which elsewhere spotted the character even of their com-
panions in
affliction,
view them
we
cannot but
as illustrious
brothers,
England by civilized man
claiming the veneration and apand those by whom it was built plause of all their posterity.
were interior in worth to no body
The institutions, civil, literary,
of men, whose names are recorded and religious, by which New Engin
;
in history, during the last seventeen
hundred years.
kind ofvenerableness, arising from these facts,
A
attaches to this town, which may
a prejudice.
Still, it has
its foundation in the nature of man,
and will never be eradicated either
by philosophy or ridicule.
No
Englander, who is willing to
indulge his native feelings, can
stand upon the rock, where our ancestors set the first foot after their
arrival
on the American shore,
be termed
New
without experiencing emotions very
which are exby any common object of the
same nature. No New Englander
could be willing to have that rock
Let him
buried and forgotten.
reason as much, as coldly, and as
ingeniously as he pleases, he v/ill
different from those
cited
regard that spot with emotions
wholly different from those which
are excited by other places of e-qual
We
or even superior importance.
cannot wish this trait in the human
In a higher
character obliterated.
still
where
truth is universally as well as cordially embiaced, and virtue controls without a
rival, this prejudice, if it must be
called by that name, will become
useless, and may, therefore, be
But in our pressafely discarded.
ent condition, every attachment,
which is innocent, has its use, and
contributes both to fix and to soften
man. When we call to mind the
history of their sufferings on both
sides of the Atlantic, when we remember their pre-eminent patience,
state of being,
their unspotted piety, their
immove-
land is distinguished on this side the
Atlantic, began here.
Here the
manner of holding lands in free
soccage, nov/ universal in this country, commenced.
Here the right
of sufferage was imparted to every
citizen, to every inhabitant not disqualified by poverty or vice.
Here
was formed the first establishment
of towns, of the local legislature,
which is called a town meeting, and
executive,
of the peculiar town
Here the
styled the selectmen.
first parochial school was set up,
and the system originated for communicating to every child in the
community the knowledge of reading, wiiting, and arithmetic. Here,
also, the first building was erected
for the worship of God ; the first
religious assembly gathered ; and
the first minister called and settled,
by the voice of the church and conOn these simple foundgregation.
since been erected a
ations has
structure of good order, peace, lib-
knowledge, morals and religwith which nothing on this side
the Atlantic can bear a remote com-
erty,
ion,
pai'ison."
The
land in this town
is generally
but there is a
border of considerable extent on
the sea board, having been well cul-
hilly,
and sandy
tivated,
soil,
;
consisting of a rich
loamy
and capable of yielding large
crops.
The town is watered by Eel and
Wonkinqua rivers. Town, Willingsly and Double brooks, and more
than 200 ponds, the largest of which
is
called
Billington ^Sea.
" This
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
was formerly called Fresh Lake. singular rite, hut could only conwas discovered about the 1st of jecture that it was an acknowledgJanuary, 1621, by Francis Billing- ment of an invisible Being, the unwhile mounted on a tree known God whom this people worton,
It was in the shipped.
This pile was their altar.
standing on a hill.
midst of a thick forest, and when
Burying Hill, formerly Fort
It
seen at a distance, Billington supposed it to be another sea. On the
8th of January, he went with one
of the master's mates, to view the
place.
They found two lakes contiguous, separated by a narrow space;
the largest is about six miles in
circumference, and is the far famed
Billington Sea. It is about two
miles southwest from the town, and
from it issues the Town brook. In
this pond there are two small islands. The largest, containing about
two acres, having been planted
with apple-trees, produces excellent fruit.
This pond is well stocked with pickerel and perch. The
majestic eagle is frequently seen
cowering over
this
pond, and has
nest in the branches of the trees, visiting the flats in
the harbor at low tide in pursuit of
fish and birds. Loons, and the beaufor
ages built
its
wood-duck produce their young
sequestered retreats about this
pond, annually.
The fallow deer, tenacious of
their ancient place of rendezvous,
continue to visit this pond for drink,
and to hrowse on its margin. For
many years this beautiful pond was
tiful
in
a favorite resort for social parties.
house was erected on the bank, a
pleasure-boat was in the pond, and
tea-parties and tishing-parties united in the happiest enjoyments.
There are on the road to Sandwich, in the woods, two rocks called Sacrifice rocks. They are covered with sticks and stones, which
A
have been accumulating
ries.
It
for
centu-
was the constant practice
among
the aboriginals, to throw a
stone, or stick on the rock in passing.
The late Rev. Mr. Hawley,
who
spent many years among the
natives atMarshpee, endeavored to
learn from them the desigrnof this
Immediately in the rear of
the town is a hill, rising 165 feet
above the sealevel, embracing about
eight acres.
On the summit of the
southwest side, the pilgrims erected first some temporary defence,
hut, in 1675, on the approach of
Philip's war they erected a strong
fort, 100 feet square, strongly palisadoed, ten and a half feet high.
No other place could have been so
well chosen, either for discovering
the approach of savages, or for defending the town against their attacks.
The settlement was rendered perfectly secure, and springs
of water were at their command.
The whole circuit of the fort is still
distinctly visible, a watch-house of
brick was also built near the fort.
The view presented from this
eminence, embracing the harbor
and the shores of the bay for miles
around, is not, perhaps, inferior to
any in the country. Let the antiquarian come at full tide and when
the billows are calmed, and seat
Hill.
himself on this mount, that he may
survey the incomparable landscape,
and enjoy the interesting associations with which he will be inspired.
Immediately beneath the
hill lies the town in full view, and
beyond this the harbor and shipping.
The harbor is a beautiful
expanse of water, bounded on the S.
by Manomet point, and near which
commences a beach three miles in
length, breasting the rolling billows
of the bay, and serving as a barrier
to the wharves ; and on the N. E.
by a promontory extending from
Marshfield, called the Gurnet, on
the point of which stands the lighthouse.
These several points, together
with the opposite shores, compietely enclose
the
harbor, having
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
and Saquish in its
points opens
the great bay of Massachusetts,
bounded at the southern extremity
by the peninsula of Cape Cod,
which is distinctly visible, and
spreading boundless to the northClark's
Island
bosom.
Beyond these
On the N. appears the flourishing village of Duxbury, shooting
into the bay, and exhibiting a handsome conical hill, ever to be remembered as once the property and
residence of the gallant Standish.
east.
Between Duxbury and Plymouth,
the harbor and pleasant village
Having taken a surof Kingston.
vey of this magnificent group, so
exceedingly endeared to the
England antiquarian, and enjoyed a
spiritual vision of the Mayflower,
is
There are in Plymouth 3 cotton
mills, 3 nail factories, and manufactures of vessels, cordage, boots,
shoes, leather, hats, straw bonnets,
chairs, tin and cabinet wares
the
value of which for the year ending
April 1,1837, was $508,932.
During that year there were 4 vessels
engaged in the whale fishery, 45 in
the cod and mackerel fishery, and a
large number of vessels employed
in the merchant service and coasting trade. Tonnage of the district,
The product
in 1337, 26,635 tons.
of the fishery, the same year, was
:
$154,636.
The corner
New Hall
laden with men, women and children, come as founders of a mighty
empire, we are next led to view a
scene of more solemn contemplaThe whole extent of the hill
tion.
is covered with the symbols of mortality, the sepulchres of our venerWe tread on the ashated fathers.
some of those to whom we are
indebted, under Providence, for our
most precious earthly enjoyments,
all that is valuable in life, much of
principle and example which are
With what soconsoling in death.
licitude do we search for a sepulchral stone bearing the names of
Carver, Bradford, and their glorious
es of
associates.
The
cient
following
monuments
are the most an-
which
traced within this enclosure
can be
:
body of Edward Gray,
Gent., aged about lifty-two years, and
deoarted tliis life the last of June,
Here
lies the
1681.
Here lyes ye body of ye Honorable
Major William Bradford, who expired
February ye 20,
He
1703-4.,
aged 79 years.
lived long, but still
was
doing good,
And in his country's semce lost
much blood.
After a life well spent he's now
at rest
His very name and memory is blest.
28*
—
Ist of
fice is
was
stone
Pilgrim
of
laid in this
town on the
September, 1824. This edi70 by 40 feet, with walls of
unwrought
split granite the height
from the top of the foundation to
the eave cornice being about 33
The lowfeet, forms two stories.
er room is about 10 feet in the clear
and the upper to
of the ceiling
the impost moulding about 20 feet,
to which being added the curve of
It is
the ceiling is about 23 feet.
;
;
intended, as soon as the state of the
funds will justify, to form the front
by an addition of about 20 feet,
with a double tier of steps, having
entrance to the upper room and by
descent to the lower. The front to
be finished with a Doric portico on 4
columns, of about 20 feet in height,
the base of which to be from 3 to
4 feet above the level of the
The situation presents a
street.
full view of the river and outer
harbor.
An
Anniversary
Commemora-
tion of the landing of the pilgrims
commenced in Plymouth on the
22d of December, 1769, and will,
we U-aai, be continued in Pilgrim
Hall, so long as the virtues, unparalleled sufferings, and the conscientious performance of the duties of
piety and benevolence of our pil-
grim fathers are held in veneration
See Regby a grateful posterity.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
and
Thachers
History
of 26 N. from Portland.
Incorporated,
Population, 1837, 2,251.—
Wheat crop, same year, 3,965 bushPlymoutli, Ct.
els.
This is an excellent farming
Li chfield co. Plymouth lies 22 town with good mill privileges, sevmiles W. S. W. from Hartford, 31 eral ponds, and a pleasant village.
N. by W. from
Haven, and
family consisting of about 70
12 S. E. from Litchfield.
Taken of that curious people denominafrom Waterbury in 1795. Popula- ted " Shakers," reside in Poland.
tion, 1830, 2,064.
The surface of They possess about 600 acres of
the town is rough and hilly, with a choice land.
They are attached to
strong, gravelly soil, well adapted the society at New Gloucester,
for grazing. The Naugatuck affords about a mile distant.
Their village
an ample v/ater power, which is is on a beautiful eminence.
To
improved for the manufactui-e of say that their village is neat and
cotton goods, clocks, &.c.
handsome, and that their lands and
The manufacture of small wood- gardens are well improved, would
en clocks, it is believed, originated be superfluous. See Canterbury,
with Mr. Terry, of this town, about JV.H.
20 years ago ; since that period, the
Pomfret, Vt.
manufacture of wooden clocks has
been widely extended, and forms a
Windsor co. First settled, 1770.
very important branch of the man- Population, 1830, 1,867. Pomfret
ufactures in this part of the state.
lies 45 miles N. by E. from Montpelier and 20 N. N. W. from WindPlyiKiytoii, Mass.
sor. The town is watered by W^hite
Plymouth co. This town is wa- and Queechy rivers. The surface
tered by a branch of Taunton river. is hilly, but the soil is generally
It lies 32 miles S. E. by S. from
good, particularly for grazing
it
Boston, and 8 W. from Plymouth. pastures about SOOO sheep.
PomIncorporated,
1707.
Population, fret contains a mineral substance,
1837, 835.
The manufactures of said to prove a good substitute for
the town consist of cotton and wool- paint.
en goods, nails, shovels, spades,
PomiVet, Ct.
hoes, forks, hoop rivets, shoes, leather, palm-leaf hats, chairs and cabiWindham co. Pomfret was first
net ware ; annual amount about settled in 1686. Incorporated, 1713.
$100,000.
The Indian name of Its Indian name was Masliamoquet.
Plympton was JVanatuxet.
The surface of the town is pleasantly
noble white oak was cut in this diversified by hills and valleys from
town a few years ago. It contain- some of the elevations, delightful
ed seven tons and seven feet of ship views are obtained.
The soil is
timber, and two cords of firewood. deep, strong and fertile, and, although somewhat stony, is very
Poge, Cape, Mass.
productive, and exceedingly well
This cape forms the northern ex- adapted for grazing.
consideratremity of Cliappequiddic island, a ble amount of the productions of the
part of Dukes county.
The
dairy are sent to market.
Quinnebaug and several of its
Poland, Me.
branches water the town, and flourCumberland co. Poland is situ- ishing manufacturing establishated on Little Androscoggin river, ments of cotton and other materials
6 miles above Lewiston falls.
It is
are springing up within its borders
44 miles S. W. from Augusta, and Pomfret lies 40 miles E. by N. from
isfer,
Plymouth.
1795.
New
A
:
A
:
A
—
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
N. from Brooklyn and
from Providence, R. I. Population, 1880,1,981.
Pomfret contains the ''Wolf Den,"
celebrated for the bold exploit of
and terrible appearher eyes,
snapping her teeth, and dropping
her head between her legs, was
evidently in the attitude and on the
who resided
died at Brooklyn, in this state, in 1790.
The aperture to this den or cave,
which is situated under a high ledge
of rocks, is about two feet square.
It is about forty feet in length, narrow, of uneven surface, and in no
part of it can a man stand upright.
point of springing at him.
At this
critical instant he leveled and fired
at her head. Stunned by the shock,
and sufibcated with the smoke, he
Hartford, 7
30
W.
the gallant Putnam,
here some years.
He
The
sides of this cave are of smooth
rock, which appear to have been
rent asundf^r by an earthquake. After making the necessary preparations for his venturous expedition,
Putnam entered the den, and " having groped his passage in the horizontal part of it, the most terrifying darkness appeared in front of
the dim circle of light afforded by
his torch.
It was
silent as the
house of death. None but monsters of the desert had ever before
explored this solitary mansion of
horror.
He cautiously proceeding
onward came to the ascent ; which
he slowly mounted on his hands and
knees until he discovered the glaring eye-balls of the wolf, who was
sitting at the
ern.
extremity of the cav-
Started at the
sight of tire,
she gnashed her teeth, and gave a
sudden growl. As soon as he had
made the necessary discovery, he
kicked the rope as a signal for pulThe people at the
ling him out.
mouth of the den, who had listened
with painful anxiety, hearing the
growl of the wolf, and supposing
their friend to be in the most imminent danger, drew him forth with
such celerity that his shirt was
stripped over his head and his skin
severely lacerated. After he had
adjusted his clothes, and loaded his
gun with nine buck-shot, holding a
torch in one hand and the musket
in the other, he descended the second time.
When he drew nearer
than before, the wcif assuming a
still
more
fierce
ance, howling, rolling
immediately found himself drawn
out of the cave. But having refreshed himself, and permitted the
smoke to dissipate, he went down
the third time. Once more he came
in sight of the wolf, who appearing
very passive, he applied the torch
to her nose, and perceiving her dead,
he took hold of her ears, and then
kicking the rope, (still round his
legs,) the people above, with no
small exultation, dragged them both
out together."
Poplin, N. H.,
co., is 24 miles W.
from Portsmouth, and 33 S.
S. E. from Concord. There is a small
pond in the N. part of the town called Loon pond
and the town is watered by Squamscot, or Exeter riv-
Rockingham
W.
S.
;
several small streams.
generally of a good quality, and the surface of the town is
not broken by high hills.
Poplin
was incorporated, in 1764. The iner, beside
The
soil is
habitants are
ous farmers.
principally industriPopulation, in 1830,
429.
Porpoise, Cape, Me.
This cape lies in the county of
York, and forms the N. E. boundary of Kennebunk Harbor. N. lat.
43° 22', W. Ion. 70° 23'.
Porter, Me.
Porter is bounded W.
Hampshire, and Ossipee
river separates it fiom the county
Oxford
by
CO.
New
of York.
It
lies
from Augusta, 42
Portland, and 37 S.
99 miles S. W.
W. N. W. from
W. from Pans.
Population, 1837, 1,087.
rated, 1807.
Incorpo-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Portland,
f
owned
Sle.
Chief town, Cumberland
This
eo.
beautiful city lies upon a peninsula
at the western extremity of Casco
hay ; its length is three miles from
east to west, and the average width
ia three
quarters of a mile ; containing about two thousand two
hundred acres of land. The settlement of this neck of land was commenced as early as 1()32, by two
individuals from England, George
Cleaves and Richard Tucker, who
purchased the whole tract in 1637,
of Gorges, the proprietor.
For the
40 years the settlement made
progress, and it was entirely destroyed in the Indian war
of 1675.
In 16S0, it vv'as revived
under more favorable auspices, the
government of Massachusetts having some years previous to that
time extended her sovereignty over
first
but
little
this part of Maine.
It had scarcely begun to gather the fruits of
prosperity, before it
was again
doomed to a second entire overthrow in 1690, by the remorseless
enemy, who spared neither dwellings nor their inhabitants.
The territory lay waste after this,
until about 1715, when a new attempt was made, and the foundations of the present city
abroad.
were
laid.
The inhabitants in the early period
of the settlement, suffered much
from the privations which awaited
them in this their remote wilderness. The Indians v/ere still hanging about them in an unquiet
state,
and occasionally visiting them with
rapine and blood.
After supplying the first necessiof their condition, the people
turned their attention to tJie lumber
business, the materials and the facilities of which, weie abundant
ties
about them. In about 20 years from
the re-settlement, it became the
principal port on the coast from
"which the English navy was supplied with masts and spars.
They
were transported in large ships
Manufactured lum-
the West Indies and
to the colonies on the continent.
At the commencement of the revolutionary war, there were owned
in Portland, 2,555 tons of shipping.
The population was about 1,900, occupying 230 houses there were
two religious societies, one congregational, the other episcopalian, and
the place was marked by enterprise
and prosperity. But it was destined
a third time to be prostrated by the
ravages of v/ar.
In 1775 it was
bombarded by a British ileet, by
which catastrophe 138 of \^i\e. principal houses were destroyed, together with a new court house, the
episcopal church, and the town
house, to the loss of the inhabitants
of over £54,000.
Froni the close of the revolutionary war, to the year 1307, the growth
of the town was almost unexampled.
The amount of tonnage,
which in 1789 was but 5,000 tons,
had increased in 1S07 to 39,000, and
the amount received for duties had
ber was sent
to
:
advanced from $3,000
to
$346,000.
During the restrictions and war, the
town suffered severely. It had been
sustained principally by foreign
commerce, which those disastrous
times wholly prostrated. After the
peace of 1815, the old channels of
trade were revisited, and new ones
opened with still increasing success.
Portland probably enioJ^s a larger
commerce with the West Indies,
than any other port in the union.
In 1830, the quantity of shipping
was 43,071 tons; in 1832, there
were owned
in this port 412 vessels,
employing 2,700 seamen in 1834
;
the tonnage of vessels belonging to
the port was 51,433 tons, and in
There arrived
1837, 53,081 tons.
in one year 484 vessels exclusive of
coastwise arrivals from ports north
of Cape Cod, of which 163 were
from foreign ports, and 321 were
The importations were
coastwise.
as follows, molasses, 30,425 hhds
flour, 65,471 barrels;
corn, 76,118
.
�NEW ENGLAND
bushels;
2-1,267
salt,
hhds
;
coal,
The
1,75S tons, &c.
principal exports are lumber, fish, beef, pork,
ashes, hay, potapot and pearl
toes, &,c.
The
population has advanced in
in 1790 it was 2,ratio
2i0; 1800,3,704; 1810,7,169; 1S20,
8,521; 1830,12,601; 1834,13,289;
and in 1837, 15,637, exclusive of
a similar
;
foreigners.
Poi-tland
was connected with Falmouth until 1786, and commonly
went by the name of Falmouth
Neck. In that year it was incorporated and received its present name.
In 1S32 a charter for a city was obtained, and a government, consisting
of a mayor, seven aldermen and
twenty-one common council men
was duly
organized
under
it
in
GAZETTEER.
observatory about 70 feet in height,
commanding a delightful view of
the
city, the harbor, the islands in
Casco bay
and, extending northwest to the elevated peaks of the
White mountains.
;
The
easy,
safe,
access to Portland by sea is
spacious
its
harbor
and
and rarely obstructed by ice.
It has a water communication with
the country to a distance of nearly
50 miles, by the Cumberland and
Oxford Canal, which was finished
in 1830 ; and it is the nearest seaboard market for the rich and beautiful country on the upper waters
of Connecticut river, through the
Franconiaand White mountain passes; and with the White mountains
over a level road to Lancaster in
N. H.
The
April, of the same year.
There are in the city 16 houses
of pubhc worship, many of which
There is also in
are very elegant.
the city a beautiful court house, a
spacious city hall, and a substantial
An athenaeum was
stone jail.
founded here in 1826, embracino; a
large reading room and library the
library at this time contains between
3,000 and 4,000 volumes of well se-
rail-road from Boston will
soon reach this place, and a rail-road
from Portland to the upper waters
of the Connecticut is in contempla-
lected books.
The public press is as flourishing
in Portland as in other parts of the
habitants.
;
There were pubUnited States.
lished in that city, in 1837,3 daily
papers, 2 tri-weekly, 1 semi-weekly and 12 weekly, embracing all
the subjects of politics, literature,
agriculture, religion and morals.
Portland is 110 miles N. N. E.
from Boston, 54 S. W. from Augusta, and 554 from Washington.
Lat. 43° 39' 26" N., Ion. 70° 20'
30"
W.
pleasantly situated between
Fore or Casco river, and Back cove.
The location is calculated to exhibvery favorably on apit the city
proaching it from the sea, as the
It is
buildings rise between two hills in
On
the form of an amphitheatre.
the site of old fort Sumner is an
tion.
There are
numerous resources
in the interior not yet brought into
activity, which will give to this
place continually increasing importance, and reward the exertions of
its intelligent and enterprising in-
Portsiuoutli, N. H.,
Rockingham
co., is the principal
in the state, and the only seaIt is situaport which it contains.
ted in N. lat. 43° 4' 54", W. Ion.
town
70°
45'.
Portsmouth
is
built on a
beautiful peninsula, on the south
side of the river; and, as seen from
the towers of tbe steeples, the river, harbor, points, islands and adjacent country, presents a delightful
assemblage of objects.
In
many
town are beautiful gardens. It was settled under the ausGorges
pices of Sir Feriinando
and Capt. John Mason, in 1623, and
was incorporated by charter in 1633.
That part of it which lies round
Church hill, extending N. and W.,
was originally called Strawberry
parts of the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The first house of which
we have any account, erected in
what is now the compact part of
the town, was built by Humphrey
Bank.
Chadbourne, and according to trastood near the corner of
Court and Pond streets.
It was
called the " Great house," and is
dition,
frequently referred to in early hisWithin the memory of the
present generation, a garrison house
stood in Water street, another in
Fore street, and a third at the Ferry-ways.
These were probably
the principal houses on " the Bank."
tories.
The
tirst
meeting house stood on
Pleasant street. Except the garrison houses above mentioned, the
earliest settlements were probably
on the south road.
From the peculiar advantages of its situation,
Portsmouth appears almost wholly
to have escaped the ravages of the
Indians.
Secured on three sides
by the Piscataqua, the ocean, and
an inlet, it was accessible to the
savages only by the isthmus which
connects it with the main
and
;
across that a stockade fence
was ex-
The
settle-
tended
for
ments were
defence.
compact, and the
number of inhabitants at an early
In 1822, the
date considerable.
wealthy and enterprising citizens
of this town connected Portsmouth
with Kittery, in Maine, by two
bridges, one 4S0 feet in length,
supported by 20 piers; the other
1750 feet, supported by 70 piers.
Under the long bridge, for 900 feet,
the water varies from 45 to 53 feet
in depth at low water.
The draw
is 133G feet from the island, and
the water is 21 feet deep at low
tide.
This bridge greatly increases
and facilitates the travel from Portland and its vicinity to this town
and Boston. The town is also connected with New Castle by abridge
The streets, though
built in 1821.
not laid out with much regularity,
are neat and pleasant, and contain
also
many
beautiful buildings.
raouih
Aqueduct COiiipany was
Portsin-
corporated 1797, and commenced
operations in 1799.
Water of
excellent quality is brought from a
fountain about 3 miles distant, and
conducted into all the principal
its
Portsmouth pier, 340 feet
and about 60 feet wide,
was incorporated 1795. Portsmouth
streets.
in length,
Athenaeum was incorporated, 1817,
and has a library of about 5,000
volumes and cabinets of mineralogy, natural history, &c.
The
;
is rapidly increasing in
value. The people of this town were
at an early period friendly to literaand their institutions for
ture,
learning are highly respectable.
Portsmouth is the centre of a considerable trade directed b}'^ wealthy
and enterprising citizens.
The
Piscataqua, as it passes this town,
is from 1-2 to 3-4 of a mile wide ;
and although the current is so swift
as to prevent the river from freezing, yet it forms one of the most secure and commodious harbors in the
United States, into which ships of
any size or burthen may enter with
perfect safety.
It is protected by
nature from the ravages of the N.
E. storms, and can very easily be
rendered inaccessible to enemies.
The main entrance to the harbor,
which is well protected by forts, is
Castle
on the N. E., between
and Kittery ; the other entrance,
Castle, is called
on the S. of
Little Harbor, where the water is
shoal, and the bottom sandy.
At
this place, in the spring of 1623,
the first settlers of this state made
their landing, and in the same year
commenced settlements here and
institution
New
New
at
Dover.
About one mile below the town
the navigation
what
is
by
rendered some-
rapidity of
the main body of the
river being forced through a channel only about 45 rods wide.
There are in the harbor a number
of islands, the most considerable of
which is Great island. The others
are Continental island, oa which is
difficult
the current
;
the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Navy yard, one of the safest
and most convenient on the coast;
which the
Badger's island, on
J\'^orth America, (the first Une of
battleship launched in the western
hemisphere) was built during the
revolutionary war.
Few town's in New England have
suffered so much from lircs as PortsOn Dec. 26, 1S02, 102
mouth.
Dec. 24,
buildings were burnt.
the
1806, 14 buildings, including St.
destroyed.
John's church, were
But the most calamitous fire broke
out Dec. 22, 1813, when 397 buildings were burnt, of which more
than 100 were dwelling houses.
The ravages extended over about
15 acres.
The United States navy yard is
admirably located for its object.
There are at present three ship
houses in the yard, in which are a
74 and a 40 gun ship. One of the
houses is 240 feet long and 131 feet
the roof is covered with
yvide
In this building
1.30 tons of slate.
the keel of the frigate Congress
was laid in 1837. The g,overnment
of the U. S. has been liberal in its
:
—
appropriations for this excellent naval depot, at which a dry dock
Portswill soon be constructed.
mouth has ever been celebrated for
compared with some othe?
commercial places.
Portsmouth lies 45 miles E. S. E,
from Concord, 56 N. E. from Bos
ton, and 54 S. W. from Portland.
streets,
Population,
8,082.
The
1830,
7,327;
1820,
present population is
The rail-road from
about 9,000.
Boston to Maine will probably pass
through this town. The proximity
of Portsmouth to the ocean, its
neatness, quietude and beauty, render it an agreeable residence, and
a fashionable resort in the summer.
Amongthe
citizens of
Portsmouth
distinguished for their talents or
public services, we may mention
William Vaughajv, the original projector of the expedition against
Louisboura:, was born at Portsmouth, Sept. 12, 1703, and died in
London, in Dec. 1746.
John Wentworth, the first
governor of that name in N. H.
He died Dec. 12, 1730, aged 59.
Beivning Wentworth, who
died Oct. 14, 1770, aged 75.
Dr. Joshua Brackett, a dis
tinguished physician and founder of
the N. H. Medical Society, died
July 17, 1802, aged 69.
lion. Samuel Hale, a native
of Newbury, Mass., who for more
than 30 years, taught a public school
He died July 10,
in Portsmouth.
white oak timber and its
1807, aged 89.
naval architects.
Rev. Samuel Haven, D. D.
Ship building for the merchant
Mass.
at Framingham,
service is extensively pursued, and was born
Portsmouth
flourish. There Aug. 4, 1727 settled at
other manufactures
1752 ; received the degree of
are 35 ships belonging to this port in
of Edinengaged in the freighting D. D. from the University
regularly
cod burgh in 1772 and died March 3,
b-'^siness; 100 vessels in the
He was eminently
79.
and mackerel fisheries, 52 in the 1806, aged
in the West India useful.
coasting trade, 3
Dr. Ammi R. Cutter, was born
and 1 employed in whal-
its fine
;
;
business,
ing.
boys
The
of men and
navigation, in
tonnage of the
number
employed
in
The
1837, was 750.
district, the same year, was 25,114
As much of the capital of
tons.
this
wealthy
town
is
employed
abroad, and much of the inland
trade passes on the river, there is
but iittle show of business in the
at
North Yarmouth, Me.
in
March
For 60 years he was an em1735.
inent practitioner, and during life a
He
firm supporter of his country.
died Dec. 8, 1820, aged 86.
Hon. John Pickering, LL. D.,
was a native of Newington. He
was appointed chief justice oi the
superior
court in 1790, and conrin-
�NEW ENGLAND
ued
in
office
He was
five years.
afterwards district judge of the
U. S., and died April 1 1,^1805, aged
Hon. John Lajvgdon, LL.D.
67.
was born
at
Portsmjutli
in V7A0.
In 1735 he was chosen president of
He was elected to the
sains office in 1788, and after the
adoption of the constitution was
governor six years. He ever discharged the duties of the offices to
which he was elected faithfully
and acceptably. Unlike many elevated to office, he remembered that
the people clothed him with authorthe state.
and his only study was
ity,
them honestly and
to
Woodbury
Hon.
Richard Evans was
Portsmouth, May 13, 1777.
died July 18, 1816, aged 39.
at
He
Jonathan M. Sewall.,
Esq.,
co.insellor at law, and a respectable
poet, was born at Salem, Mas^,., in
1748, and died at Portsmouth, March
29, ISOS.
Rev. Joseph Buckminster,
D. D. a native of Rutland, Mass.,
settled at Portsmouth,1779, and died
aiReedsborough,Vt. June 10, 1812,
aged 61. Dr. B. was a distinguished scholar and an eminent divine.
Portsinoutli, R.
Newport
co.
The
I.
soil
of this
town, in coaimon with all the lands
on the island of R. I., is uncommonly fertile, well cultivated and productive. It is bounded N. by Mount
Hope bay, E. by the Seaconnet passage from the sea to said bay, S. by
the ocean, and W. by Middletown.
The maritime situation of the town
affords the people great facilities for
the fisheries, which, v/ith a fine
soil, and industry, give them a great
degree of independence. A number
one called are attached to this town,
of which the beautiful and fertile
Prudence
the largest.
It is six miles in length, and about
three quarters of a mile average
island of
A
Poiiltiiey, Vt.
CO.
The surface of this
pleasantly diversified ; the
soil is warm and productive, particularly on the borders of the river.
First settled, 1771. Population, 1830,
There are two flourishing
1,909.
villages in the town, and manufactures of various sorts.
The productions of the soil are considerable, and 12,000 sheep are kept.
It
lies 60 miles S. W. from Montpelier, and 13 S. W. from Rutland.
Poultney river, rising in the high
lands near Middletown, and emptying into East bay, an arm of
Champlain lake, is about 25 miles
in length, and in its course affords
numerous valuable mill sites. This
stream changed its course in 1783,
by cutting a channel of 100 feet in
depth through a ridge of land near
the bay, and destroying the navigation of the bay for a time, by
nearly filling it with earth. This
obstruction has been removed.
Rutland
La.ivgdon, a
firm patriot and useful citizen.
born
A
He
died Sept. IS, 1819, aged 791
Hon.
width. In this town are the Rhode
Island coal mines, which are not
worked at the present time.
fine
bed of plumbago has recently
been discovered.
Portsmouth furnishes considerable quantities of
wool, hay, grain, vegetables, and
productions of the dairy.
In 1837
there were 16,000 sheep in the
town.
Population, 1830, 1,727.
Portsmouth lies 6 miles N. N. E.
from Newport.
stone bridge,
1,000 feet in length, connects it
with Tiverton. It received its charter from Charles II., in loG3.
serve
faithfully.
GAZETTEER.
town
is
Po^vnal, Me,
Cumberland
This is a small
and bounded N.
by Durham. It lies 35 miles S. W.
from Augusta, and 19 N. from PortIncorporated, 1808. Populaland.
town, of good
tion, 1837,
co.
soil,
1,232.
Pownal, Vt.
is
Bennington
1761.
co.
First
Population, in 1830
settled,
1,835.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
lies 30 miles W. by S. from
Brattleborough, and 8 S. from Bennington.
The surface is broken and
hilly, but the soil is strong- and remarkably well adapted for grass,
producing all the varieties of the dairy in great abundance and of an exThe number of
cellent quality.
sheep kept in this town is about
Pownal
8,000.
Pownal
watered by Hoo-
is
sack and Walloomsac rivers, which
produce a good water power. The
village is very pleasant.
PoAvow River.
Powow river has its
and Amesbury.
this river
There are several
;
inhabitants are employed in navigation, and considerable ship timber
is taken from there down the river.
Preston City lies in the eastern
part of the town, 5 miles E. from
Poquetannuck, and 6 E. from Norwich. Near this village is "Amos
lake," a handsome sheet of water,
and a place of resort for parties of
pleasure.
principal
source in Great and Country ponds
in Kingston, N. H., and passes over
the S. W. part of East Kingston inthence into
to South Hampton ;
Amesbury, Mass., where it turns
E. into South Hampton again, and
returns into Amesbury, falling into
the Merrimack between Salisbury
falls in
1,935. Poquetannuck, an ancient
village, lies partly in Preston and
It has a water
partly in Ledyard.
power, and small vessels pass within
Many of the
a short distance of it.
those in
Ames-
bury being the most remarkable, the
water falling 100 feet in the distance of 50 rods, and presenting,
with the variety of machinery and
dams, houses and scenery on the
falls, one of the most interesting
views in the country.
Presuiiipscxit River,
Me.
is the outlet of Sebago lake.
passes through parts of Gorham
This
It
and Westbrook, and falls into Casco
bay at Falmouth, 6 miles N. from
Portland.
Princeton, Me.
Washington
1837, 207.
Population, in
East."
co.
See
"Down
Princeton, Mass.
This town, the
co.
JVachusett, is pleasantly
situated at the base of the mountain of that name, 45 miles W. by
N. from Boston, and 16 N. by W.
from Worcester. Incorporated, 1758.
Prcscott, Mass.
This is a
Population, 1837, 1,267.
Hampshire co. The surface of township of good land, and produces
The considerable quantities of beef,
this town is rough and hilly.
It is watered
principal manufacture consists of butter, cheese, &c.
palm-leaf hats, of which about by a branch of the Nashua, and has
The some manufactures. V*'achusett is
50,000 are annually made.
2,990 feet in height it is the highsoil is better for grazing than tillage.
Prescott lies 76 miles \V. from Eos- est land in the county, and presents
ton, and 16 N. E. from Northamp- a landscape exceedingly variegated
Taken from Pelham in 1S22. and beautiful. It is a place much
ton.
frequented in summer months.
Population, 1837, 788.
The manufactures of the town
Pi'estoii, Ct.
consist of shoes, leather, palm-leaf
New London co. This is an ir- hats, chairs, and cabinet ware anregular, uneven, rocky town, of a nual amount, about ^50,000.
pretty good soil for corn and grazing.
Prospect, Me.
It is bounded W. and N. by the
Thames and Quinnebaug rivers 44
Waldo CO. This is a beautiful
First town, of good soil, on the w^est side
miles E. S. E. from Hartford.
Population, 1830, of Penobscot river. It is bounded
settled, 1686.
Worcester
Indian
;
:
:
29
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
on the S. by Belfast bay 52 miles
E. by N. from Augusta, 12 N. N.
E. from Belfast, and 18 S. from
Bangor. Prospect is very flourishing
in its commercial and agricultural
;
Population, 1830, 2,381
Incorporated, 1794.
1837, 3,198.
Wheat crop, 1837, 4,416 bushels.
pursuits.
;
Prospieet, €t.
New Haven
co.
This stony and
mountainous town w^as taken from
Cheshire and Waterbury,in 1827.
Tt derived its name from its elevated situation.
There is a pretty
village in the town.
The inhabitants are chiefly farmers.
It lies
17 miles N. by W. from New
ven.
Population, 1830, 651.
Some
difficulty arose
Ha-
The commercial
Pochasset, Wonasquatucket,
and other streams, give those interests a constant operative power, the
ticut,
numerous beautiful villages erected
on their borders testify that Providence county is one of the most important manufacturing districts in
the new world.
statistical account of the resources of this county, and of all the
counties and towns in Rhode Island, is in preparation, and will appear in the Register.
A
in the con-
gregational society in this town a
few years since, in consequence of
the minister and a number of the
influential members of the church
having adopted the sentiments of
the
Perfectionists.
The stray
sheep, however, soon returned to
the fold again.
See Religious
Creeds and Statistics.
Providence Comity, H.
numerous
villages and the city.
interests of the
county are important, but are principally confined to the flourishing
city of Providence ; but the manufacturing interests, particularly of
cotton, are extended throughout the
county, and engrosses a large share
of its entcrprize and capital. Wliile
the Pawtucket, Pawtuxet, Mashanits
I.
Providence, chief town.
This
ancient and respectable county is
boundedN.and E. by Massachusetts,
S. by the county of Kent, and W. by
Connecticut.
It contains an area
of 381 square miles.
Population,
1820, 35,736; 1830,47,018.
Population to a square mile, 124.
The
surface of the county is generally
uneven ; some sections of it presents
rugged features, but no part of it
mountainous. The soil is various
some portions of the county
are alluvial, some calcareous loam,
and some of sileceous sand ; but a
strong gravelly
loam generally
is
:
prevails.
More attention is paid to agiiculture in this county than formerly
good crops of corn, barley and rye
are obtained, and all the vai-ieties
of the dairy, of fruits and vegetables are abundant for the supply of
Providence, R.
I.
Chief town. Providence co. Roger Williams was the founder of this
beautiful city.
He was banished
I'rom the Massachusetts colony for
maintaining that all denoniinations
of christians were equally entitled
the protection of the civil magthat the church of England
was no true church, and that a
patent from the king conveyed no
title to the soil.
In 1636, Mr. Williams, accompanied by
William Harris, John
Smith, Joshua Virrin, Thomas Angell, and Francis Wickes, commenced a settlement and called it Providence regarding his preservation
as a favorable interposition of heaven.
Mr. Williams sustained the
two-fold character of a minister of
the gospel and governor of the colto
istrate
;
;
ony
he formed a constitution on
;
the broad principle of civil and religious liberty, and thus established
the first Irec government on the
continent of America.
Mr. Williams was a man of learning, and
set a bright example of that toleration which he demanded from oth-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
He was born in Wales, in 1599,
and died in 1GS;3.
Providence suffered great losses
in king Philip's war, and during
streets, delightful
the revolutionary contest it furnished its full proportion of troops, and
partook largely of the sufferings as
well as of the glory of that struggle.
On the 9th of June, 1772^ the
kind's ship Gaspee was taken possession of and burned, and the com-
views are obtain-
bays.
ers.
ed of a great extent of country, of
the city, the shipping in the river,
and of Providence and Narraganset
There are in Providence a large
of handsome churches, and
other public buildings. The Ar-
number
is one of the most beautiful
It is sitbuildings in the country.
uateu oi\ the we^t side of the river,
cade
mander, Lieutenant Duddingston,
wounded with a musket ball, in the
Only one of the persons enthigh.
gaged in taking the Gaspee is now
and fronts on two streets. It is
built of stone, 222 feet in length,
and 72 feet in width. The fronts
are ornamented, each with six mas-
Ephraim Bowen, of
sive columns, 25 feet high, the
shafts of which are single blocks,
22 feet in length. The lower part
of this building is improved for dry
goods shops, &.C. ; the upper stories
It
for offices, library rooms, &,c.
was completed in 1828, and cost
$130,000. The architecture of this
living
— Col,
Providence.
appears, tbat in that confirst blood was shed at
Providence but the first .America?*.
Thus
test,
it
the
;
blood and life was sacrificed at
Lexington, Mass., on the 19th of
April, 1775, and the first British
life, on the same day, a few hours
after, at Concoi-d, Massachusetts.
Providence formerly comprised
of a number of the
present
Its
towns.
limits contain an area of about nine
square miles. It was incorporated
as a town in 1649, and as a city in
Population, in 1820, 11,767;
1831.
The
1830, 16,832; 1836, 19,277.
most compact part of the city is divided into two nearly equal parts,
on both sides of Providence river,
and are connected by wide and subThe two princistantial bridges.
pal streets are long and irregular,
and comprise the business portion
of the city, with the exception of a
long range of large and handsome
brick ware houses on the east side
The buildings in othof the river.
er parts of the city are constructed
with taste, and many of them in a
On the
style of superior elegance.
east side of the river the land rises
On this elevation are a
abruptly.
number of streets running parallel
with the river, on the summit of
which is located Brown University,
From
established here in 1770.
the beautiful buildings on these
the territory
neighboring
is exceedingly chaste.
Providence has long been celebrated for the commercial spirit of
its citizens, and for their large investments of capital in foreign commerce, particularly with India. It
is still a flourishing mart of foreign
trade ; the tonnage of the port, in
building
Much of
1837, was 17,526 tons.
the capital of the city has, however, of late years, been diverted to
the pursuit of domestic manufactures
a pursuit probable of greater
;
and no less patriotic.
Besides the large capital employed by the citizens of Providence in
manufacturing establishments without the city,the capital thus employed within it is very great. Those
profit,
manufactures consistof cotton goods,
steam power,) machinery,
(by
steam engines, vessels, jewelry,
copper, brass, iron and tin wares,
glass, combs, oil, soap, candles, hats,
leather, boots, shoes, and numerous
About 4,000 of the
other articles.
people of Providence are engaged
in these manufactures.
The public schools in Providence
The sum of
are well sustained.
about $10,000 is annually appropri-
�NEW ENGLAND
The number
ated ^o this object.
of scholars, in 1837, was 1626.
high school has recently been established, and ^40,000 appropriated
for the erection of new school housThe athenaeum library cones.
tains 7,000 volumes.
It was incorporated in 1836.
See Register.
A
Providence
is
approached with
great ease from almost every direction.
The roads are generally excellent
that to Pawtucket is unequalled by any in New England.
:
The Blackstone
ing
canal, after wind-
course through a fertile and
manufacturing country, from Worcester, Mass., terminates at tide water in the centre of the city.
Steam
boats, of superior construction and
elegant accommodations, ply beits
tween
this
city
and
New
York,
daily.
Rail road cars between Boston and Stonington cross the lower
part of the city several times a day,
and steam boats and packets are continually passing to and from the
several important towns on the
shores of Narraganset and Mount
Hope bays.
Providence has frequently sustained heavy losses by fire, and
once by water. In 1815, during
the memorable gale of September
23d, the tide rose 12 feet higher
than the common high tides, and
spread ruin to the buildings, navigation, wharves and bridges in every direction.
The loss sustained
by this flood was estimated at a
million and a half of dollars.
Providence lies at the head of
ship navigation on Providence river, the most northern waters of
Narraganset bay ; 35 miles from
the sea, 40 S. W. from Boston, 169
N. E. by E. from New York, and
396 N. E. from Washington. N.
lat. 41° 49/ 32", W. Ion. 71° 24' 45".
Proviiicetowii, Mass*
A
Barnstable co.
noted fishing
town on the extreme point of Cape
Cod ; including Race point, which
lies 3 miles N. W. from Province-
GAZETTEER,
town
It comprises Cape
Provincetown harbor,
which opens on the S. This ocean
harbor is very large, exceedingly
easy of access, and has sutficient
depth of water for the largest ships
of war.
This is the first harbor the
"Mayflower" touched at on her
village.
Cod,
or
passage to Plymouth in 1620.
An elaborate and highly interesting report of a survey of this harbor and the extremity of Cape Cod,
by Major J. D. Graham, has recently been printed by order of congress.
The
accompanied by a
showing the result
of a long course of observations on
the tide, which are not only curireport
is
series of tables,
ous, but may be useful to those who
are in a situation for pursuing their
speculations on this subject, by
comparing them with the results of
similar observations in other places.
The fullness and precision of these
tables indicate the care and labor
with which the work has been
prosecuted. The result is of a nature to show the great importance
of this position, both as a naval and
commercial
station.
The
value of Cape Cod harbor to
our naval and mercantile marine in
time of war is inappreciable. In
possession of an enemy, it would afford
facilities
for
annoying
our
commerce, without exposure to the
gales that so often sweep along the
coast.
Fortified, and in the occu-
pancy of a portion of our navy,
it
secure retreat, accessible at
seasons, and sheltered from eve-
offers a
all
ry storm.
The soil of this town, in common
with many others on Cape Cod, is
very sandy; indeed, it may be said
to possess no soil, for its vegetable
qualities are very deficient.
During the year ending April 1st,
1837, there were belonging to
Provincetown, 2 vessels employed
in the whale, and 98 in the cod and
mackerel fishery, besides a large
number in
the freighting business.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER
The
value of fish and oil taken was
$298,407. Hands employed, 1,113,
During- that year 48,960 bushels of
salt
were made, employing 156
hands, the value of which was
Provincetown lies 50
$18,360.
miles N. E. from Barnstable, by
land, and 50 E. S. E. from Boston,
by water. Incorporated, 1727. Population, 1830, 1,710; 1837, 2,049.
Piitixey, Vt.
Windham
co.
This town
is
fine-
ly located on the west side of Connecticut river,and embosoms a large
tract of excellent intervale land,
called the "Great Meadows. "There
is also a good tract of intervale on
Sacket's brook, a fine mill stream,
with beautiful falls, on which are
erected valuable mills for the manufacture of woolen goods, paper, and
various other articles.
Sacket's
brook is a large and constant stream:
it falls 150 feet in the course of 100
rods.
Some of the mill sites are
unoccupied.
There are various
mineral substances in the town,
worthy of the notice of the geologist.
The village is pleasant, and
bears the marks of taste and prosperity.
It lies 9 miles E. from
Newfane, and 9 N. from Brattleborough. First settled, 1754. Population, 1830, 1,510.
ceives two
considerable branches,
namely, north branch, which rises
in the north part of this township
from the north, and south branch,
which rises in Plymouth, from the
south,
both
considerable
mill
streams.
In Woodstock it receives
two other branches of considerable
size ; one rising in the northeast
corner of Bridgewater and southeast
corner of Barnard, falls into Queechy river from the north just below
the north village in Woodstock, or
" Woodstock Green," the other
rising in the soutii part of Woodstock, passes through both the villages in that town, and empties into
it fiom
the south just above the
mouth of the last mentioned stream.
Both these streams afford excellent
mill seats.
Queechy river in its
course receives numerous other
tributaries of less note.
It is a
clear and lively stream, with a gravel or stony bottom.
This stream is
about 35 miles in length, and waters about
212 square miles,
Qiiincy, Mass.
Norfolk CO.
The territory of
Qi.incy was a part of ancient Braintree, until 1792.
It lies on Braintree or Quincy bay, in Boston harbor, and is bounded on the N. W.
by Neponset river and the towa
of Milton. It is 8 miles S. by E. from
PiisliaAV Lake, Me.
Boston, and 10 E. by S. from DedThis lake lies in the towns of ham. Population, 1820, 1,623; 1830,
Orono, Button and Kirkland, Pe- 2,192; 1837, 3,049.
nobscot county. It is about 8 miles
The surface of the town is diverlong, and one mile wide.
sified by hills, valleys and plains.
It empties into Dead stream, which meets
Back from the bay about 3 miles is
the Penobscot at Orono.
a range of elevated land, in some
parts more than 600 feet above the
Qriieecliy River, Vt.,
sea, containing an inexhaustible
Sometimes called Waterqueechy, supply of granite. This is the
rises in Sherburne, runs nearly east source of the " Quincy Granite," a
to the south part of Bridgewater
building material justly celebrated
thence through Woodstock irto the in all our cities for its durability
south part of Hartford, and thence and beauty.
Vast quantities of
southeast through the northeast cor- this admirable stone are annuallyner of Hartland into Connecticut quarried and wrought in this vicinriver, about two miles above Quee- ity by the most skillful workmen,
chy falls. In Bridgewater it re- into all dimensions, both plain and
;
29*
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ornamental ; and it is fortunate for ness and beauty. In this village is
the public that the supply is abun- a stone church, designated the "AdThis building was
dant, for the demand for it from va- ams Temple."
rious parts of the United States is dedicated, 1S28, and cost $40,000.
Within its walls is a beautiful marconstant and increasing.
By means of a rail-road from these ble monument to the memory of the
quarries to the tide waters of Ne- Hon. John Adams and his wife.
About two miles east from the
ponset river, and of a canal to the
centre of the tov/n, this stone is village is Quinci/ Point, at the
transported with great expedition junction of Town and Weymouth
There are large Fore rivers. This is a delightful
and little cost.
quantities of slate stone near Ne- spot, and contains some handsome
much of which is buildings. This point of land, with
ponset river
quarried. These slate quarries bear a peninsula near it called Gcrmantoum, are admirably located for
indications of coal in their vicinity.
In this town, between Quincy ship building, and for all the purand Dorchester bays, is a point of poses of navigation and the fishery.
land called Squantum, celebrated Here is a line harbor, a bold shore
as having been the residence of the and a beautiful country, v/ithin 10
famous Indian Sachem, C7i<'cA;a^aif- miles of the capital of New EngThis place is the Mos-'wctu- land.
but.
The manufactures of Quincy conset, " a few miles south of Boston,"
supposed by some to have origin- sist of stone, slate, vessels, salt,
ated the name of the state. Squan- leather, boots, shoes, hats, coach
tum is a rocky, romantic place, six lace, carriages, harnesses, bleached
miles south of Boston, and a pleas- bees wax, &.c. Total value, the
year ending April 1, lS37„f 470,222.
ant resort for fishing and bathing.
The soil of Quincy is generally During that period there were 10
of an excellent quality and under vessels engaged in the cod and
good cultivation. There are large mackerel iisliery the product of
Quincy is a
tracts of salt meadow in the town, which was ^31,042.
and many large and beautiful farms, place of considerable trade. Large
which, in respect to soil and skillful quantities of lumber, bread stuffs,
management, may vie with any in &c., are annually sold.
The proximity of Quincy to Bosthe state.
The .Mount TVallaston farm is ton, the excellent roads and bridgnoted as the site of an early settle- es connecting it with the city and
ment (1623,) and as the Merry surrounding countr}^ the beauty of
Mount of Thomas Morton and his the town, with the delightful scenassociates. This farm, with that of his ery around it, render it a desirable
venerated father, now belong to the residence in summer, and a pleasHon. Mr. Adams, representative to ant home.
Congress. The ancestral estate of
Quincy was named in honor of
the Quincy family comprises one Col. JoHiv QuiJYCY, a native of
of the most beautiful and well cul- the place, who for forty successive
New England. years was a member of the executivated farms in
It is the property of Josiah Quintive council of the colony, and discy, LL. D., an eminent agricul- charged many other public trusts
turist, and president of Harvard
with zeal and fidelity. He died JuUniversity.
ly 13, 1767, aged 78.
The village, in the centre of the
This has been the birth place
town, is situated on an elevated and residence of some of the most
plain, and is remarkable for its neatdistinguished sons of America.
;
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Hancock
and Josiah Quincy,
Jr., will live until the death of lib-
native country, and in 1789 was
elected first Vice President of the
United States, which office he held
erty.
during the whole of Washington's
The names
of the patriots,
John
Two
presidents of the United
States, father and son, were natives
John Adams, born
of this place,
October 19, 1735. John Quincy
Adams, born July 11, 1767. The
Mr. Adams graduated at
Harvard University in 1755, and
was distinguished for his diligence
He studied law at
and genius.
Worcester, and was admitted to
senior
He commenced
practice in 1758.
the labors of his profession in Braintree, his native town, and soon obIn
tained business and reputation.
Adams married Miss AbSmith, a grand daugliter of
Col. Quincy, a lady as distinguished for her accomplishments and
virtues as for the elevated station
in society which Providence had
Mrs. Adams
destined her to fill.
died at Quincy, Dec. 28, 1818, aged
In 1765, Mr. Adams removed
74.
here he obtained an exto Boston
1764, Mr.
igail
;
tensive legal practice, and, refusing
all
offers of patronage from the
British government, espoused the
cause of his native country with an
ardor peculiar to himself, firmly resolved to sink or swim with its liberties.
He was elected a member
of Congress, and was among the
the
foremost in recomm.ending
adoption of an independent government. In 1777 Mr. Adams was chosen commissioner to the Court of
Versailles. In 1779 he was appointed minister plenipotentiary to negotiate a peace and a commercial treaIn 1780 he
ty with Great Britain.
to Holland, and in
1782 to Paris, to negotiate a treaty
of peace with Great Britain, having
received the assurance that that
power would recognize the independence of the United States. In
1785 Mr. Adams was appointed the
went embassador
first
States, which office he sustained
until the election of Mr. Jefferson,
in 1801. Soon after this, Mr. Adams
retired to his farm
at
Quincy, and
spent the remainder of an eventful
life in rural occupations, the pleasures of domestic retirement, and
those enjoyments which a great and
good mind always has in store.
The account that Mr. Adams
gives in a letter to a friend, of his
introduction to George III., at the
court of St. James, as the first minfrom the rebel colonies, is very
ister
interesting. The scene would form
a noble picture, highly honorable
both to his majesty and the republican minister.
Here stood the stern monarch,
who had expended more than six
hundred millions of dollars, and the
lives of two hundred thousand of
his
subjects in a vain attempt to
subjugate freemen
;
and by his side
stood the man, who, in the language
of Jefferson, " was the great pillar
of support to the declaration of independence, and its ablest advo-
cate and
champion on the
lioor of
Congress."
Mr. Adams says, " At one o'clock
on Wednesday, the first of June,
1785, the master of ceremonies called at my house, and went with me
to the
secretary of state's office, in
Cleaveland row, where the marquis
of Carmarthen received and introduced me to Mr. Frazier, his under secretary, who had been, as his
lordship said, uninterruptedly in
that office through all the changes
administration for thirty years.
a short conversation. Lord
Carmarthen invited me to go with
in
After
minister to the court of St.
him
After remaining in Europe
years, he returned to his
we
James.
nine
On the resignation
administration.
of Washington, in 1797, Mr. Adams
became President of the United
in his
coach
to court.
When
arrived in the antechamber the
master of the ceremonies introduc-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
me while the
of state went to take the
commands of the king. While I
stood in this place, where it seems
all ministers stand upon such occasions, always attended by the master of ceremonies, the room was
very full of ministers of state, bishops and all other sorts of courtiers,
as well as the next room, which is
the king's bed chamber.
You may
well suppose I was the focus of all
relieved, however,
eyes.
I was
from the embarrassment of it, by
the Swedish and Dutch ministers,
ed him and attended
secretary
who came to me and entertained
me with a very agreeble conversation during the whole time. Some
other gentlemen whom I had seen
came
before,
to
me
make
their
com-
the marquis
of Carmarthen returned, and desired
me to go with him to his majesty.
I went with his lordship through
the levee room into the king's
closet.
The door was shut, and I
was left with his majesty and the
secretary of state alone.
I made
the three reverences
one at the
door, another about half way, and
another before the presence, according to the usage established at this
and all the northern courts of Europe, and then I addressed myself
to his majesty in
the following
pliments
to
until
:
—
words
The United
States have apminister plenipotentiary
to your majesty, and have directed
me to deliver to your majesty this
letter, which contains the evidence
of it.
It is in obedienc to their express commands, that I have the
honor to assure your majesty of
their unanimous disposition and desire to cultivate the most friendly
and liberal intercourse between your
majesty's subjects and their citizens, and of their best wishes for
your majesty's health and happiness, and for that of your family.
' The
appointment of a minister
from the United States to your majesty's court will form an epoch in
'
Sire
:
pointed
me
the history of England and America.
I think myself more fortunate
than all my fellow citizens, in having the distinguished honor to be
the first to stand in j'our majesty's
royal presence in a diplomatic character
and I shall esteem myself
the happiest of men if I can be in;
strumental in recommending my
country more and more to your majesty's royal benevolence, and of
restoring an entire esteem, confidence and affection ; or, in better
words, the old good nature and the
good old humor,' between people
who, though separated by an ocean,
and under different governments,
have the same language, a similar
religion, a kindred blood.
I beg
your majesty's permission to add,
that although I have sometimes before been instructed by my country,
'
was never in my whole life in a
manner so agreeable to myself.'
The king listened to every word
it
with dignity, it is true, but
Whether
with apparent emotion.
I said,
was my visible agitation, for I felt
more than I could express, that
it
touched him,
I
cannot say
;
but he
was much affected, and answered
me with more tremor than I had
spoken with, and said
" Sir: The circumstances of this
audience are so extraordinarj^, the
language you have now held is so
extremely proper, and the feelings
you have discovered sojustly adapted to the occasion that 1 not only
receive with pleasure the assurance
:
of the friendly
disposition
of the
United States, but that I am glad
the choice has fallen upon you to
be their minister. I wish you, sir,
to believe and that it may be understood in America, that I have done
nothing in the late contest but what
thought myself indespensibly
I
bound to do, by the duty which I
owed my
people.
I will be frank
with you. I was the last to conform
but the separato the separation
;
having become inevitable, I
have always said, as I now say, that
tion
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The king then
said a
word
or
two
would be the first to meet the
friendship of the United States as
to
an independent power. The moand
I see such sentiments
language as yours prevail, and a
disposition to give this country the
and then turned round and bowed
to me, as is customary with all kings
and princes when they give the sig-
I
ment
preference, that moment I shall say
let the circumstances of language,
religion, and blood have their natural full effect."
I dare not say that these were
the king's precise words ; and it is
even possible that I may have, in
—
some particulars, mistaken his
meaning for although his pronun;
ciation
ever heard,
sometimes between
as distinct as I
is
he hesitated
members
of the
backwards,
making
;
smiling, or rather laughing, said,
There is an opinion among some
people that you are not the most at-
This beautiful stream
all
your countrymen
to
I was
the manners of France.'
surprised at this, because I thought
an indiscretion, and a descent
from his dignity. I was a little embarrassed; but determined not to
deny truth on the one hand, nor
lead him to infer from it any attachment to England, on the other, I
it
off
as
«
I must avow to
not mistaken
your majesty, I have no attachment
but to my own country.' The king
replied as quick as lightning, An
honest man will ne^ er have any
sir, is
:
'
other.'
ia
It then traverses a S.
the north.
direction about 30 miles, affording
fertility and a great hydraulic power in its course, when it joins the
Shetucket, near the city of Norwich, and takes the name of that
These three
river to the Yantic.
streams form the Thames.
timiiiepiaclc River, Ct.
This river rises in Bristol and
Farmington, and passes through
Southington, Cheshire, Meri-den,
Wallingford, and falls into Long
New
Haven. This
Island Sound at
a pleasant mountain stream, of
considerable power, and about 30
miles in length.
is
Q,\iodcly
Head, Me.,
much
gravity as I
could, and assumed an air of gaiety,
and a tone of decision, as far as was
That opinion,
decent, and said,
threw
rises
Mashapaugpoad, in Union, Ct. It
passes N. to Brimtield, Mass., then
a S. E. course to Thompson, Ct.,
where it receives French river from
'
tached of
retreated, stepping
Q,iiiiieljaus River.
less so,
jesty's meaning, as I then understood it, and his own words, as nearly as I can recollect them.
The king then asked me whether
and upon
I came last from France
my answering in the afhrmative, he
put on an air of familiarity, and,
my
I
as is the etiquette ; and
last reverence at the
door of the chamber, I went to my
carriage."
Mr. Adams died on the 4th of July, 1826, with the same words on
his lips which fifty years before,
on that day, he had uttered on the
f!oor of Congress, " Independence
forever."
period.
affected, and I
and therefore I cannot be certain that I was so attentive, heard so clearly, and understood so perfectly, as to be confident
This I
of all his words, or sense.
do say, that the foregoing is his ma-
was not
nal to retire.
He
same
much
was, indeed,
the secretary of state, which being between them I did not hear,
Or West Quoddy Head, the western entrance into Passamaquoddy
It is in N. lat. 44° 55', W.
bay.
It has a light house
Ion. 66° 49'.
See Luhec and
45 feet in height.
Eastport.
Race Point, Mass.
The N. W. extremity
of
Cape
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER;
Cod.
N.
lat. 42=* 6',
W.
Ion.
70°
1'.
See Provincetown.
Hagged
Roads iu
Nctiv ISiiglaud.
See Register.
Randolpli, N. H.
CO.
Until
1824 this town
was
It is situated
called Duri>nd.
directly under the north end of the
White mountains, its southeast corner bounding on the base of Mount
Madison, the east peak of the range.
Branches of Israel's and Moose
The soil is
rivers pass through it.
in some parts good, but the town increases slowly in its settlements.
It was granted August 20, 1772, to
John Durand and others, of LonJoseph Wilder and Stephen
don.
Jillson were the first settlers. Population, 1830, 78.
RaudolpIi; Vt.
This is an elevated
Orange co.
township of good soil, particularly
for grazing.
It is generally well
improved, and produces good butBetween
ter, cheese and mutton.
twelve and thirteen thousand sheep
graze in its pastures.
It is well watered by branches of
White river, on which are two
woolen mills and other manufactures.
W.
from
Wind
Randolx>Ii, Mass.
Moiiiitaiiis, N. II.,
points.
Coos
and 34 N. N.
sor.
So called from their rough appearance, lie between Andover and
Hill, extending in a chain about 10
miles from the Pemigewasset to the
vicinity of Kearsarge. It is a bleak
and precipitous range, and is nearly
2,000 feet high, in its northern
,Itail
sea,
There are a number of
flour-
ishing business locations in the
town: the centre village is very
pleasant, and contains an academy
of excellent reputation. This town
was first settled about the year 1778.
Population, 1830, 2,743.
Randolph lies 23 miles S. from
Montpelier, 9 S. W. from Chel-
Norfolk CO.
Randolph constituted a part of ancient Braintree until
1793, when it was incorporated. It
14 miles S. from Boston, 12 S.
E. from Dedham, and 7 S. S.
Populafrom Braintree landing.
tion, 1820,
1,546; 1830, 2,200;
1837, 3,041. Manatiquot river vibes
xn the town, which, with other
small streams, afford it a water powlies
W
Punkapog pond lies in this
er.
town and Canton. The land is elevated between the waters of Massachusetts bay and Taunton river
the surface is generally undulating
and the soil strong and productive.
There are two very pleasant and
flourishing villages in the town.
East
and West, surrounded by
and well cultivated fields.
Randolph has long been noted for
fertile
the industry of its people, in the
manufacture of boots and shoes.
During the year ending April 1st,
1837, there were made in the town
200,175 pairs of boots, and 470,620
pairs of shoes, valued at $944,715,
employing 1,475 hands. There are
manufactures of leather, &c. in the
town, but that of boots and shoes is
the principal.
Rangely, Me.
Franklin co.
This town
lies
on
the Androscoggin river, and at the
outlet of Oquossack lake.
It is
about 40 miles N. W. from Farmington.
See "Down East."
Raymond Me.
J
Cumberland co.
watered by Crooked
Raymond
is
and sevThis is a good farming
eral ponds.
town, with two villages, and some
river,
The inhabitants are principally devoted to agricultural purIn 1837 the population was
suits.
wheat crop 3,203 bushels.
1,802
lies 75
Incorporated, 1803.
It
trade.
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
xniles S.
W.
from Augusta and 22
N. N. W. from
water power, and
Raymond, IV. H.
This town lies
Rockinsham co.
25 miles W. by S. from Portsmouth,
25 S. E. from Concord, 13 W. by
N. from Exeter. Two branches
of the Lamprey river, from Deerfield and Candia, unite in Raymond and the waters of two ponds
;
also fall into this river as
it
passes
through the town. The Patuckaway,
from Nottingham, crosses the N. E.
The soil is
corner into Epping,
various: that of the meadows bordering on the river is productive. In
the N. part of the town, about 100
rods from the principal road leading
to Deertield, near the summit of a
about 100 feet high, is a natural excavation in a ledge, called
the Oven, from the appearance of
It is a regular arch
its mouth.
about 5 feet high and of the same
width, extending into the hill
about 15 feet, and terminating in a
hill
to
which vast
herring (alewives)
On the banks of one of
resort.
these ponds, the celebrated King
The
Philip had a hunting house.
tirst forge in America was erected
in this town, by James and Henry
The house of
Leonard, in 1652.
the Leonards, an old Gothic buildof
quantities
Portland.
is now standing, and owned by
the 7th generation.
The ?nanufactures of Raynhara
consist of bar iron, nails, iron castings, anchors, shovels, forks, cof-
ing,
and straw bonnets total
value the year ending April 1, 1S37,
fee mills,
$360,650
:
of
)
which $300,000 was
for nails.
Readfieltl, Me.
This is an excelco.
township of land, and finely
watered by ponds and small streams.
Kennebec
lent
people are generally industrious farmers, who find the cultivation of the eaith the best source of
independence. Readfield is a very
vicinity to
number of fissures. Raymond was pleasant town, and its
advanpart of Chester call- the Kennebec gives it many
originally that
It lies 11 miles W. from
tages.
It was incored "c/mrm/no- -/are.
Population, 1337, 2,019.
porated in 1765, by its present Augusta.
inhabi- Wheat crop, same year, 6,391 bushname. The names of 24
tants of Raymond are found enroll- els.
The
ed among the soldiers of the revo-
speaker of the house, and judge
of the superior court, died here May
Population, in
21, 1305, aged 80.
1330, 1,000.
This town lies on
Bristol CO.
Taunton river, and was taken from
Taunton in 1731. Population, 1837,
It is 30 miles S. from Bos1,379.
ton, 3 N. E. from Taunton, and 24
E. from Providence.
There are a number of large
this
town producing
Windsor
a good
co.
First settled, 1772.
This is an elevated township, uneven
Several small
and mountainous.
streams rise here and pass to the
This
Queechy and Black rivers.
town affords excellent pasturage,
in which about 6,000 sheep are
Reading lies 53 miles S.
kept.
from IMontpelier, and 10 W. from
Vvindsor.
RaynliaTn, JIass.
ponds in
Reading, Vt.
numbers
of the miliFour
tia engaged for short periods.
were \-illed or died in service.
Hon. JoHrf Dudley, a distinguished patriot of the revolution, member of the committee of safety,
lution, beside
Population, 1830, 1,109.
Reading, Mass.
Middlesex
co.
Reading
is
an
ancient town, 13 miles N. from
Boston, 10 W. from Salem, and 17
N. E. from Concord.
The surface of the town is uneven, but the soil is generally of a
good quality.
The
village
is
pleas-
�NEW ENGLAND
During the
ant and flourishing.
year ending April 1, 1837, the value of $184,583 of boots and shoes
were made in Reading, and $91,360
First
of chairs and cabinet ware.
Population,
1640.
settled,
GAZETTEER.
ty, and of science,
civilized world.
Red
This town was in-
Fairfield co.
corporated in 1767, and derived
name from
its
first
town
Col.
its
John Read, one of
settlers.
The
soil
of the
but the surface is
rough and hilly. The business of
the people is chiefly agricultural,
who live scattered about on their
Considerable attention is
farms.
is
good,
paid in Reading to the growing of
wool.
It lies 15 miles N. W. from
Bridgeport, 60 S. W. from HartPopford, and 9 S. from Danbury.
ulation, 1830, 1,686.
It is watered
hy Saugatuck and Norwalk rivers.
Joel Barloav, LL. D., was
born in this town, 1755. He died
in Poland, 1S12.
America has produced few men,
more justly deserving of immortaland none, it is beity than Barlow
;
who have made
their title
lived in an
sure.
eventful period, and acted a conspicuous part in both hemispheres ;
and as a poet, a man of science, a
politician, a philosopher and a philanthropist, his name will long be
lieved,
to
it
more
He
revered by the friends of
civil liber-
H.
Readsboroiiglij Vt.
Bennington
Ct.
Hill, K.
See Moult onho rough.
1837,
2,144.
Heading,
throughout the
A
co.
mountainous
township, at the S. E. corner of the
county, watered by Deerfield river,
12 miles S. E. from Bennington,
and 18 W. by S. from Brattle borough.
Much of the land in the
town is too elevated to admit of cultivation.
Population, 1830, 662.
ReliofeotSi,
This town was
Bristol CO.
settled in 1643,
el
Newman
Mass.
first
by the Rev. Samu-
and others from
Wey-
Rehoboth formerly comprised the towns of Seekonk and
Pawtucket. This ancient town suffered greatly by Indian depredations.
The surface of the town is
mouth.
pleasant,
good
for
and
the
tillage.
soil
Its
generally
manufactures
goods, leather,
consist of cotton
shoes, cutlery, ploughs, straw bonnets, carpenters' and joiners' tools,
wagons, ox yokes, bobbins, cotton
annual
batting, wooden ware, &c.
Rehoboth
value, about $60,000.
:
watered by Palmer's river. It
40 miles S. by W. from Boston,
10 S. ^Y. from Taunton, and 7 E.
Populafrom Providence, R. I.
is
lies
tion, 1837, 2,202.
was Saconet.
Its
Indian
nam«
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
RHODE
The
State of
Rhode
Roger Williams
Island and Providence Plantations
It
the mouth of Narraganset bay.
charter of Charles
It
was
settled
man remarkable for his benevolence,
derived its name from that of a beautiful
1663,
II., in
became
Its
by
justice,
in 163G, a
and pacific policy.
of the State.
ISLAND.
island at
government commenced under the
which charter is the present Constitution
of the Union May 23th, 1790.
member
a
power is vested in a Senate and Kouse of RepresenThe number of Senators cannot be more nor less than 10, 2
tatives.
from each county, and are chosen annually by the people on tiie 3d Wednesday in April. The Representatives are in number 72. No town has
Newport 6, Provless than 2, and but 4 towns have more than 2, viz.
the number for each town havidence 4, Portsmouth 4, and V.'arv/ick 4:
The
Legislative
—
ing been determined by lav/ without reference to the present ratio of
population.
They are elected semi-annually by the people, on the 8d
Wednesday
The
at
of April, and last
Legislature meet
Tuesday of August.
Newport on
at
the 1st
Wednesday
Providence and South
May, and
Monday of
of
Kingston, alternately, on the last
October annually.
The executive power
is
vested in a Governor and Lieut. Governor,
Wednesday
Wednesday in May
elected annually by the people on the 3d
official
term commences on
30
the 1st
of April.
Their
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Succession of Governors.
Nicholas Cooke, 1776—1778.
Collins,
Lemuel
James Fenner,
Nehemiah R. Knight,
James Fenner, 1824—
John Brown Francis,
1811—1817.
William C. Gibbs, 1821—1824.
William Jones,
H.
Arnold,
1833—
The judicial power is
of Common Pleas.
The Judges of all the
— 1833.
1831
John
Henry Smith,
1789—1805.
Isaac Wilborn, (Lieut. Gov.) 1806.
(Act. Gov.) 1805.
1807-1811.
1817—1821.
1831.
William Greene, 1778—1786.
Arthur Fenner,
1786—1789.
vested in the Supreme Judicial Court and Court
Courts, Sheriffs, Notaries, Justices of the Peace,
and Clerks of the Courts are chosen annually by the Legislature in
Grand Committee. In all the towns (except Providence) the town councils are,
ex
officio.
Courts of Probate, and the town Clerks, Registers of
Deeds and Probate.
The Municipal Court
ercise probate jurigdiction, and the Clerk
city Clerk
This
towns
in the city of
is
Providence ex-
Register of Probate.
The
Register of I>eeds.
is
annually appropriates $10,000,
state
for the
to
be divided among the
support of free schools.
Providence, Newport, Bristol,
Rhode Island comprises five counties
Kent and "Washington. It is bounded N. and E. by (he state of Massa:
chusetts, S. by the Atlantic ocean, and Y^.
It lies
between 41° and 42° N.
lat.,
by the
state of Connecticut.
and between 71° and 72°
and comprises an area of 1350 square miles.
1774, 59,678; 1790, 68,825; ISOO, 69,122; 1810,75,188;
Population
1830,97,196.
The
it is
island territory.
kins'
There
Hill,
j
1820,83,059;
somewhat
peculiar.
About a
water, and of the residue of land a considerable portion
The
interior of the state, with the exception of the in-
tervales along the streams,
The most
long.
square a mile, 71.
natural features of this state are
tenth part of
is
to
W.
Population, 1755, 40,414
is
generally rough and hilly.
Mount Hope, in Bristol, HopWest Greenwich, and Woonsocket Hill, in Smithfield.
some hills of considerable elevation in Exeter. Rhode
considerable eminences are
in
are also
Island, and most of the other islands in Narraganset bay, disclose a
geological structure, of the transition character, and present a surface
generally undulating, and often highly picturesque and beautiful.
The mineral
as they are
treasures of the State have not been explored
known, they
are not extensive or valuable.
the most important mineral.
Limestone abounds
Mineral coal
is
:
but so
Iron ore
far
is
found upon Rhode Island.
in the northeastern section of the state
;
and in these
calcareous strata there are some excellent quarries of marble.
Serpen-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
marble
tine
also found,
is
and there are in various places extensive quar-
ries of freestone.
The navigable waters
of
Rhode
Island are abundant, and mill streams
Rhode
commerce,
in 1837, was
are found in every section of the continental part of the state.
Island claims a conspicuous rank for
domestic trade, and the fishery.
its
enterprise in foreign
The tonnage of
the state
During the war with the Indian Sachem, Philip, and the
warof the revolution, Rhode Island was always found at its post. lu
these wars her soldiers were conspicuous for bravery; among whom
were found some of the most distinguished officers of the age. The rise
45,651 tons.
and progress of
this state to
It is the smallest
manufacturing
Rhode Island
wealth and reputation
is
very interesting.
republican state in the world, and the most important
An
America.
district of its size in
impartial history of
by one of its distinguished sons
that history will contain a merited eulogium on the character of its people.
Rhode Island is celebrated for its mild and salubrious climate, which is
will soon be published
thought peculiarly favorable
to
:
See Register.
female beauty.
Ricliford, Vt.
Franklin co. This is a mountainou- township at the N. E. corner
c' the county, on the line of Canada, and watered by INJissisque river
and its branches. It lies 50 miles
N. by W. from INTontpelier, and 24
N. E. from St. Albans. There is
some good land along the river
and the upland, though rough, affords good grazing.
Population,
First settled, about
1830, 704.
1790.
Xiiclnuoud} Me.
Richmond lies
Augusta and 15
N. from Topsham. Incorporated,
location pleasant.
15 miles
S.
1823.
Population,
Wheat
crop,
building and navigation.
The
town has mill privileges on a stream
which empties into Merrymeeting
bay its soil is productive, and its
stiip
:
same
1837, 1,526.
year, 1,656
bushels.
Riclimosid)
Cheshire
co.
]V. £1.
This town
is
12
miles S. from Keene, and 70 S. W.
from Concord.
It is watered by
branches of Ashuelot and Miller's
rivers, which fall into the Connecticut. The ponds are three in number, one of which is one of the sources of Miller's river. The soil here
is favorable for yielding rye, wheat,
Indian corn, and most of the productions found in this section of
New England. The land is gen-
Lincoln co. Within these limits,
on the west bank of Kennebec river,
stood an ancient fortress called Richmond hence the name of the town.
It lies between Bowdoinham and
Gardiner, and is the site of some erally level.
;
fi«om
able
There are no remarkRichmond was
1752, and was settled
elevations.
granted in
within 5 or 6 years afterwards, by
people from Massachusetts and
�NEW ENGLAND
Rhode
Island.
Population, in 1S30,
GAZETTEER.
gravelly loam, with an unThe agricultural
pi-oductions of the tov/n are very
considerable.
This is an excellent township for
grazing a large amount of wool
and of the productions of the dairy
Richmond
is annually transported.
was incorporated in 1742. It lies
30 miles S. S. W. "from Providence
and is bounded E. by South Kingston.
The Providence and Stonington rail-road passes through the S.
E. corner of the town. Population,
in 1830, 1,363.
soil is a
even surface.
1,301
niclinioiacl, Vt.
Chittenden co. Richmond is 24
miles N. W. frora Montpelier, and
Popula13 S. E. from Burlington.
tion, 1830,1,109. First settled, 1784.
The town is finely watered by Onion and Huntington rivers, on the
banks of which are good mill seats
and large tracts of beautiful meadow. The village is neat, and the
centre of considerable travel. The
several religious denominations united here in building a curious looking meeting house it has sixteen
sides.
This is a healthy place, and
noted for the longevity of its inhab-
;
Hidgeiielc!, Ct.
;
itants.
Ridgefield, or, as
Fairfield co.
the Indians called it, Caudatowa,
a word signifying high land, is
bounded W. by
New
Salem, N. Y.
N. from
Berkshire co. This town is situ- New
W. from
ated in a deep valley of excellent Danbury.
This township is very
soil, surrounded by elevated lands,
elevated, and commands extensive
and watered by Williams' river. views of Long Island Sound and of
This is an excellent farming town
the surrounding country.
The soil
the farmers' houses, extending some is a strong gravelly loam, and pro
miles on one street, are neatly built ductive of grass and grain.
It is
and make a beautiful appearance. watered by Saugatuck and Norvvalk
Iron ore of a good quality is found rivers, and by a branch of the Crohere in abundance, also marble and ton. It comprises a verj'^ handsome
lime.
The manufactures of the village, in which are manufactures
town consist of pig iron, shovels, of carriages, cabinet furniture, &c.
spades, forks, hoes, leather, boots Limestone is abundant.
Populaand shoes.
Annual value, about tion, 1830, 2,323.
Incorporated,
In 1836, there were 1709.
$50,000.
The celebrated hermitess, Sarah
4,835 merino sheep in Richmond.
They produced 14,505 pounds of Bishop, lived on the western borwool, valued at $8,703.
It lies der of Ridgefield.
She lived on
135 miles Yv^. from Boston, and 5 W. Long Island at the time of the
from Lenox.
Incorporated, 1765. Revolutionary war.
Her father's
Population, 1837, 820.
house was burnt by the Bi-itish, and
she was cruelly treated by a BritRicliiitoiicl, K. I.
She then left society
ish officer.
"Washington co.
Richmond is and wandered among the mountains
bounded on the west by Wood river, near this part of the state she found
and on the east by the river Charles. a kind of cave near Ridgefield,
Other streams water the town, where she resided till about the
which, with the Wood and Charles time of her death, which took place
give it an excellent water power. in 1810.
It is said that the wild anManufacturing establishments of imals were so accustomed to see
various kinds flourish on its streams, her, that they were not afraid of
particularly those of cotton.
The her presence.
Iiic1i2TioD.tl,
Mass.
and
31 miles W. by
Haven, and 9 S. by
lies
;
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The
following account of a visit
to this hermitess,
is
taken from
a
Poughkeepsie paper.
" Yesterday I went to visit the
hermitage. As you pass the southern and elevated ridge of the mounbegin to descend the southern steep, you meet with a perpendicular descent of a rock, in the
At the
front of which is this cave.
foot of this rock is a gentle descent
of rich and fertile ground, extending about ten rods, when it instantly forms a frightful precipice, descending half a mile to the pond
called Long pond.
In the front of
the rock, on the north, v." here the
cave is, and level with the ground,
there appears a large frustrum of
the rock, of a double fathom in size,
thrown out by some unknown convulsion of nature, and lying in the
front of the cavity from which it
was rent, partly enclosing the
mouth, and forming a room: the
rock is left entire above, and forms
the roof of this humble mansion.
This cavity is the habitation of the
hermitess, in which she has passed
the best of her years, excluded
from all society; slie keeps no domestic animal, not even fowl, cat,
Her little plantation, conor dog
sisting of half an acre, is cleared
of its wood, and reduced to grass,
where she has raised a few peach
trees, and yearly plants, a few hills
of beans, cucumbers, and potatoes
the whole is surrounded with a
luxuriant grape vine, which overspreads the surrounding wood, and
On the oppois very productive.
site side of tills little tenement, is a
fine fountain of excellent water ; at
this fountain we found the wonderful woman, whose appearance it is
a little difficult to describe: indeed,
like nature in its first state, she was
without form. Her dress appeared
little else than one confused and
shapeless mass of rags, patched together without any order, which
obscured all human shape, excepting her head, which was clothed
tain, and
;
30*
with a luxuriancy of lank grey hair
depending on every side, as time
had formed it, without any covering
or ornament.
When she discovered our approach, she exhibited the
appearance of a wild and timid animal and started and hastened to
her cave, which she entered, and
barricaded the entrance with old
shells, pulled from the
decayed
trees.
We approached this humble
habitation, and after some conversation with its inmate, obtained liberty to remove the palisadoes and
;
look in ; for we were not able to
enter, the room being only sufficient
to accommodate one person.
saw no utensil, cither for labor or
cookery, save an old pewter basin
and a gourd shell, no bed but the
solid rock, unless it were a few old
rags, scattered here and there ; no
bed clothes of any kind, not the
least appearance of food or fire.
She had, indeed, a place in one corner of her cell, where a fire had at
some time been kindled, but it did
not appear there had been one for
We
some months. To confirm this, a
gentleman says he passed her cell
five or six days after the great fall
of snow in the beginning of March,
that she had no fire then, and had
not been out of her cave since the
she subsists
snow had fallen.
during the severe season, is yet a
mystery ; she says she eats but little flesh of any kind; in the summer she lives on berries, nuts, and
How
We
conversed with her for
to be of a
sound mind, a reUgious turn of
thought, and entirely happy in her
situation; of this she has given repeated proofs by refusing to quit
She keeps a Bithis dreary abode.
ble with her, and says she takes
much satisfaction, and spent much
time in reading it."
roots.
some time, found her
Riley, Me.
Oxford CO. This is a township of
rough and unprofitable land, with
few inhabitants ; near to, and south
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
of Speckled mountain, on the line
It lies 30
of New Hampshire.
miles N. W. from Paris.
Riiidge, M. H.
Cheshire co. This town is 20
miles S. E. from Keene, 50 S. W.
from Concord, and 55 W. N. W.
from Boston. The soil is productive,
lying on swells of land lor the most
There
part inclining to the south.
are 13 ponds, the largest of which
are called Manomonack, Emerson,
Perley, Long, Grassy, and Bullet.
The 3 first discharge their waters
into Miller's river in Mass., thence
communicating with the Connecticut; the 3 last discharge themselves into Contoocook river, and
from thence into the Merrimack.
These ponds abound with fish, and
were much frequented by the Indians for procuring fur, &c. There
is
a
small
elevation
of land
in
Rindge, from which the waters that
issue on one side descend into the
Merrimack, and those on the other
Connecticut.
Iron
also a species of
is found here ;
paint nearly equal to the best quality of Spanish brown. Rindge was
side, into
the
originally called Rowley Canada,
It received
or Monadnock No. 1.
its present name from one of the
proprietors, when it was incorporaThe settlement comted, in 1768.
menced, 1752, by Jonathan Stanley,
George Hewitt and Abel
Platts.
Population, in 1830, 1,269.
Hipley, Me.
Somerset co. A good farming
town, 60 miles N. by E. from Augusta, and 30 N. E. from Norridgewock. Incorporated, 1816. Population, 1837, 555.
Wheat crop,
same year, 3,512 bushels.
branch
of Sebasticook river passes through
A
the town.
Riptou, Vt.
Addison co. This is a mountainous township, the surface and soil
of which are too broken and cold
for much cultivation.
Middlebury
river and the turnpike from Royalton to Vergennes pass through it.
Ripton lies 26 miles S. W. trom
Montpelier, and 9 E. from MiddlePopulation, 1330, 278.
bury.
Eotolfiiiston,
Washington
co.
on the Schoodic or
opposite
to
St.
Me.
This town lies
Croix river,
St.
Andrews,
in
New
Brunswick. It is 16 miles N. N.
W. from Eastport, 30 N. E. from
Machias and 192 E. N. E. from AuThis place enjoys great
gusta.
navigable privileges, and is the site
of considerable ship building, and
commerce in lumber. Incorporated,
Population, 1837, 702. This
1811.
town was
settled soon after the i-evolutionary war.
The first mail
came to this place in 1796.
mail
stage now arrives three times a
week, and crosses the river to New
A
Brunswick. Robbinston was named in compliment to the Flon. Ed-
ward H. Robbins, formerly Lieut.
Governor of Massachusetts, and for
many years speaker of the House
of Representatives of that state.
Rochester,
One
M". II.,
of the county towns of Strafis
10 miles N, W. from
ford CO.,
Dover, 22 N. W. from Portsmouth,
34 E. from Concord. Besides Sal-
mon fall river, which divides this
town from Berwick and Lebanon, in
the state of Maine, the Cocheco river runs the whole length of
the town, and nearly in the middle,
and the Isinglass river crosses the
southerly corner of the town just
before its junction with Cocheco
river, at a place called Blind Will's
Both Salmon fall and CoNeck.
checo rivers afford valuable millseats; on the latter of which, near
the centre of the town, stands the
principal village, called JVorway
Plains. It is a place of considerable trade, and a great thoroughfare from the upper towns in the
county
to
Dover and Portsmouth
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
There
is another village about 2
miles S. W.from this, called Squamanagonnick, the Indian name of
the tails in the Cocheco at that
Much of the soil in Rochplace.
ester is good ; the surface is uneven,
with several swells, the principal
which is Squamanagonnick hill,
which constitutes a considerable
of
part of several valuable farms. In
the W. part of the town, is a large
tract of oak land, which is hard and
stony ; has a deep rich soil, and is
very productive when well cultivaThe town was incorporated,
ted.
in IT22.
The
first
permanent
set-
tlement was made in 172S. Until
Canada was taken by the British
and American troops in 1760, it remained a frontier town ; the people were poor and distressed, but
Their men were
not discouraged.
bold, hardy and industrious ; and
their sons were trained to the use
of arms. They early became a terIn 1748, the wife
ror to their foes.
of Jonathan Hodgdon was killed on
a Sunday morning by the Indians,
on refusing to be taken to Canada
with the party. Her husband married again, had 21 children in all,
and died in 1815, aged 90 j^ears. In
the revolutionary war, many of the
inhabitants bore a part.
Captains
David Place and John Brewster led
companies to Ticonderoga, and suffered much in their retreat from
that place in 1777.
Of the
soldiers
from Rochester, 29 were killed or
died in that contest. Pop. 1830,2,155.
RocUester, Vt.
Windsor co.
Rochester lies 30
miles S. S. W. from Montpelier, 37
N. W. from Windsor, and 20 S. E.
from Middlebury.
White
river,
It is
watered by
it with
which supplies
A
mill seats.
large partof the surface
of the township is broken and mountainous, but it contains much good
land for grazing and some tracts of
excellent meadow. It has a pleasant
village with some trade.
In 1837,
there were 9,000 sheep in the town.
First
Population,
17S3.
settled,
J
1830, 1,392.
Rocliester, Mass.
Plymouth co. A large maritime
town on Buzzard's bav, 9 miles
E. from New Bedford, and 48 S. S.
E. from Boston. Incoiporated, 1686.
Population, 1837, 3,570.
The lace
of the town is uneven and the soil
light. Mattepoiset and Sipican rivers, rising in large ponds in the
town, empty into the bay and form
good harbors.
The manufactures
of Rochester consist of vessels, salt,
bar iron, boots, shoes, &c.
value,
the year ending April 1, 1837,
,^101,811. During that period there
were 9 vessels engaged in the whale
;
fishery, and brought into port 116,928 gallons of oil, valued at $71,
A
65S.
sels
number
belong to
of
merchant vesand numer-
this place,
ous coasting and fishing vessels.
Hoclkiugliani County,
IV.
H.
Portsmouth and Exeter are the
The county of Rockchief towns.
ingham is bounded N. and N. E.
by Strafibrd county E. by the Atlantic, from the mouth of Piscataqua river to the line of MassachuW. by the counties of Mersetts
;
;
rimack and Hillsborough. Its greatest length is about 34 miles; its
greatest breadth, from the west corner of Chester to the extremity of
Rye, is about 30 miles. It comprises an area of 695 square miles.
There are no remarkable elevations
the surface, howin this county
ever, is uneven, and in the north
part, from the higher eminences,
there are some very fine views of
The
the surrounding country.
highest point is Saddleback mountain, in Northwood and Deerfield.
;
The
rivers are the
Lamprey, Exe-
Beaver, and Spiggot, which
water the east and southeast parts
Great Bay, beof the county.
tween Newington and New Market, and connecting w'ith the Piscataqua, is the largest collection of
ter,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
M^ssabesick pond or lake tion of a number of pleasant villawater.
ges. The scenery around the falls,
is principally in Chester, and is
picturesque from its numerous isl- in Kockingham, is of a sublime
ands and the surrounding eleva- character, and perhaps no section
The other principal ponds of New England possesses a greattions.
are Islandy, in Hamsptead, Coun- er variety of minerals than are found
Kingston, and Pleasant in in this vicinity.
trj'^, in
Deerfield.
Rome; Me.
The soil of this county having
been longer cultivated than that of
Franklin co.
This is a beautiful
any other county in the slate, is farming town, watered by several
very productive ; and agricultural large ponds.
It lies 19 miles N.
pursuits have been very success- N."W. from Augusta, and 13 E. S.
ful.
In 1837, there were 23,;533 E. from Farmington.
It contains a
sheep in the county. The popula- pleasant and flourishing village.
Incorporated in 1S04.
tion, in 1S20, was 40,526; and in
Population,
Population to a 1837, 1,074.
in 1S30, 44,552.
Wheat crop, same
square mile, 64.
year, 4,177 bushels.
Roive, Mass.
liocl^ingliaiii, Vt.
Windham
This town is beauon the west side of
Connecticut river, and at the celebrated " Bellows Falls," noted under Walpole N. H. The water power afforded by these falls, with that
of Williams and Saxton's rivers,
which pass through the town, are
of vast extent; it cannot fail of becoming exceedingly useful, and of
rendering this town and vicinity
eo.
tifully situated
the
site of
immense manufacturing-
operations.
Large and expensive
manufacturing establishments have,
recently been commenced
an account of which may be expected
;
Franklin co.
This town contains the site of old fort Pelham,
erected in 1744. The township is
elevated, and in some parts mountainous, but the soil is adapted for
grazing.
Considerable wool is produced and there are manufactures
;
town of woolen goods, boots,
shoes, leather, and wooden ware.
Rovve is the source of a branch
in the
of Deerfield river, and lies 130
miles N. W. from Boston, and 22
W. by N. from Greenfield. Incorporated, 1785.
Population, 1837,
688.
Ro-wley, Mass.
in the Register.
This place lies on a navigable
river, 65 miles above Northampton,
and 85 above Springlield, Mass.,
Ill above Hartford, Ct., and 23 below Windsor, Vt.
It is 85 miles
S. from Montpelier, and 18 N. E.
from Newfane.
First settled in
1753,
Population, 1S30, 2,272.
surface of the town is uneven
but the soil is generally
strong, warm and productive.
Its
agricultural products are considerin 1837, it pastured 12,600
able
The
;
:
sheep.
The
renders
Essex CO. This town was first settled by a party of industrious and pious persons from Yorkshire, Eng. in
1G39.
They erected the first fulling mill in New England, and manufactured the first cloth in North
America.
There are a great variety of soils in the town
a large
part is salt meadow, and the residue is fertile and productive.
It
comprises a part of Plum island,
and large tracts of wood land.
It
;
watered by Rowley river, which
from several ponds in Boxford.
This river afifbrds a water power,
and before its junction with Plum
Island Sound, forms a harbor for
is
rises
location of
it a mart of
or trade, and
Rockingham
much
interi-
has caused the erec-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
vessels of moderate draught of wawhich many vessels
ter, and in
have been built.
Ancient Rowley was divided in
183S
its
vi^estern part was detached and incorporated by the
Since this
name of Georgetown.
:
Rowley possesses but litmai.ufocturing interest, but a
valuable agricultural one, to which
its inhabitants are principally devo-
elevated between the
Onion and White
ofj
15
from IMontpelier.
Population,
1789.
It lies
W.
iniles
S.
First
settled,
S.
waters
rivers.
1830, 737.
Roxliiiry, Slass.
some good soil. Roxbury
watered by a branch of Androscoggin river.
It lies 30 miles N.
from Paris, and is bounded S. by
Rumford.
Incorporated, 1835.
Norfolk CO. This town is joined
Boston by a neck of land, over
which are broad and pleasant avenues.
Between the centre of each
town is about 3 miles. The surface
is rocky and uneven, with a strong
soil in a high state of cultivation.
It displays a great degree of agricultural taste and skill, and abounds in
country seats and pleasure grounds.
That part of this town bordering on
Jamaica pond, 4 miles S. W. from
Boston, is exceedingly pleasant.
This town and Boston were incorporated the same year, (1630 ;) and
nothing but municipal regulations
divide their interests and feelings.
Population,
ISIO, 3,609;
1820,
4,135
1S30, 5,247
1837, 7,493.
The first hourly coach from Boston commenced running to this town
Population, 1837, 182.
in 1827.
division
tle
ted.
This ancient town is very pleasand lias been the birth place
of n)any learned men.
It lies 30
miles N. from Boston, 16 N. by Vr.
from Salem, and 25 E. N. E. from
Lowell.
Population, 1838, about
ant,
1,000.
Roxbiiry, Me.
The surface of this
elevated, and well timber-
Oxford
town
is
CO.
ed, with
is
Roxl>ixi*y,
Cheshire
CO., is 5
]V.
H.,
miles E. from
waters the S. part, and empties inAshuelot at the S. W. corOn the E. side of the townner.
ship is a pond, called Roaring Brook
pond, at the outlet of which are
mills.
Roxbury presents a rough and
uneven suiface, rising into considswells, affording excellent
grazing land.
This town was formed of a part
of Nelson, Marlborough and Keene,
and incorporated in 1812. Popula-
erable
tion, 1830, 322.
Koxtoury, Vt.
This town
There are now
a large
be-
tween the two
to the
co.
;
;
number continually running
Keene, and 50 S. W. from Concord.
The N. branch of Ashuelot river
forms the boundary betv^een this
town and Keene. Roaring Brook,
on which are several small meadows,
Washington
to
is
places, and not less
than 250,000 persons pass annually.
Since that time, others of a similar
kind have been established to
Charlestown, Cambridge, Dorchester, &c., and tend greatly to promote the public convenience.
The manufactures of Roxbury
consist of leather, nails, hats, chairs,
cabinet ware, pig iron, spirits, &,c.:
annual value, about $300,000.
The Rev. John Eliot, the justly celebrated " Apostle of the Indians," was settled in Roxbury in
1632.
Mr. Eliot imbibed the true
spirit of the gospel, and his heart
was touched with the wretched
condition of the Indians. He learned their language, and translated
the scriptures into it,
This would
seem the business of a life, when
the sense of the simple e:ipression,
" Kneeling down to him," is conveyed in the Indian language
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
by JVutappessttuJi'qussunnoowehtunkquoh, a word that would puzzle a Demosthenes to pronounce,
without an extra pebble stone in his
mouth. Mr. Eliot was remarkable
for his indefatigable
labors and
charities; he endured hardship as
a good soldier of Jesus Christ, and
went to his reward in 1690, aged
86.
This was the birth
residence of
the
Warren^.
and
place
patriot
Joseph
Dr. Warren was born
in 1740. He graduated at Harvard
college in 1759.
He was an ardent
lover of his country, and sensibly
felt the weight of her oppressions.
Four days previous to the battle
of " Bunker Hill," he received a
commission in the army of Major
General.
He was within the entrenchment, and was slain on that
hallowed spot, just at the commencement of the retreat.
Dr.
Warren was an ab-le statesman, an
eloquent orator, a man of uncompromising integrity and undaunted bravery. General Warren was
the first officer of rank that fell in
that
glorious
contest for liberty.
His death shed a gloom throughout
the country
he was exceedingly
beloved for the mildness and affability of his deportment, and for
the virtues of his private life.
pleasant town, and is well watered
by Miller's river, a beautiful mill
stream.
The surface of the town
is uneven, but the soil is generally
There are
rich and productive.
two woolen
Windsor co. The surface of this
town is somewhat rough and mountainous, but the soil is good, particularly on the banks of White river,
by which it is watered.
This town was first settled in
1771, and for many years endured
great sutfering from Indian hostiliThis is an excellent township
for grazing, and its agricultural
products are considerable.
It has a
pleasant village and an academy.
Royalton is 30 miles S. from
Montpelier, and 25 N. N. Vv" from
Windsor.
Population, in 1830,
ty.
.
1,893.
Litchfield CO.
Roxbury was taken from Woodbury and incoi-pora-
from
It lies
32 miles N.
W.
New Haven, 46 W. S. W. from
Hartford, and
15
S.
by W. from
Litchfield. Population, 1830,1,122.
The town is diversified with hills
and vales.
The soil is a gravelly
loam, interspersed with some small
tracts of sandy loam.
It is water-
ed by the Shepaug, a branch of the
Housatonick.
In digging for silver, a species of iron ore, called
steel ore, was discovered.
Koyalston, Mass.
Worcester
co.
Royalston
Rtiinford, Me.
Oxford
CO.
Rumford
ship of valuable
is a townland, 51 miles W.
N. W. from Augusta, and 20 N.
by W. from Paris.
It lies on the
RoxlJiiry, Ct.
ted in 1801.
and manufactures
Royalton, Vt.
:
•
mills,
of boots, shoes, leather, chairs,
cabinet ware, palm-leaf hats and
mats, wooden ware, &c.
First
settled, 1762.
Incorporated, 1765.
It lies 70 miles W. N. W. from
Boston, and 38 N. W. from WorPopulation, 1837, 1,629.
cester.
northwestern bank of the Androscoggin, and enjoys a great water
power. Mills of various kinds are
already erected, and manufactures
on a large scale are contemplated.
White Cap mountain, rising 500
feet above the level of the surrounding country, and Glass-face, about
400 feet, present beautiful views
Population,
from their summits.
Wheat crop, same
1837, 1,382.
Incorporated,
year, 4,385 bushels.
isoo.
R-umiiey,
Grafton co.
is
a
"N.
H.
Rumney
is
8 miles
N. N. W. from Plymouth, 47 N. by
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
W.
from Concord.
by Baker's
It is
watered
of which a considerable branch flows from Stinson'spond, and is called Stinson's
brook.
The pond is 400 rods long
and 280 rods wide.
Part of Loon
pond is on the E. line of this town.
The principal elevations are Stinson's and Webber's mountains in
the E. part, and a small part of
Carr's mountain, which here oblains the
name of Rattlesnake
mountain, on its N. W. border.
Rumney was granted in 1767, and
was tirst settled in 17G5.
It was
in this town, on the 2Sth of April,
1752, that the late General Stark,
while on a hunting expedition, was
captured by a party of 10 Indians,
river,
commanded by Francis Titigaw.
He was in company with Amos
Eastman of Concord, David Slinson
of Londonderry, and his brother
William.
Stinson was slain.
Population, in 1S30, 993.
Rupert, Vt.
Bennington co.
A part of this
township is mountainous, but the
soil is generally good for grazing.
Rupert produces some fine cattle,
and keeps about 10,000 sheep. It
is watered by Pawlet river, and a
branch of the Battenkill, on which
streams, are mills of various kinds.
Rupert is 73 miles S. W. from Montpelier, and 25 N. from Bennington.
Population, 1S30, 1,313.
Russell, Mass.
Hampden
co.
Westfield river
waters this town, and affords it good
mill privileges.
There is a cotton
mill in the town and other manufac-
Russell lies 100 miles W. by
from Boston, and 14 W, by N.
Irom Springfield.
Incorporated,
1792.
Population, 1S37, 475.
tures.
S.
Rutland County, Vt.
Rutland, chief town. This county is bounded N. by Addison county, E. by Windsor county, S. by
Bennington county, and W. by the
New
York. Incorporated,
1781.
Population, 1820, 29,983;
1830, 31,294. This county contains
an area of 953 square miles.
Inhabitants to a square mile, 33. The
principal streams are Otter Creek,
Black, White, Queechy and Pawlet rivers.
There is some line land
in this county along Otter Creek,
but a large portion of it is elevated,
and some parts mountainous. The
state of
however, is generally warm
and well suited for grazing.
Many cattle are annually taken to
market, and in 1837, there were
180,984 sheep in Rutland county.
Excellent iron ore is found at the
base of the mountains, and a range
of marble quarries extends the whole
length of the county from north to
south.
This marble is of a fine
quality
much of it is wrought and
soil,
:
transported.
Rutland, Vt.
Chief town, Rutland co. This
town was settled about the year
1770, and for some time during the
revolutionary war was a frontier
town. The Green mountain hoys
erected here two small picket forts,
which were found very useful. The
soil of the town is various, but generally of an excellent quality. Iron
ore of a good quality is found clay,
lime, and a great abundance of beautifully variegated marble.
;
The
village
of Rutland
is
neat,
well built and handsomely located:
it is the centre of trade for a large
The agsection of fertile country.
ricultural productions of Rutland
in 1S37,
are large and valuable
there were within its limits 20,981
sheep. Otter Creek and its tributaries give the town a good water
:
power, "and
—
manufacturing estab-
lishments are springing up along
their banks.
Rutland lies 50 miles
S. W. from Montpelier, 52 N. by
E. from Bennington, 60 S. S. E.
from Burlington, "and 34 W. N. W.
from Windsor. Population, 1830,
2,753.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Rutland, Mass.
£23
lawfiil
money.
settled about the
It
year
incorporated, in 1722.
wa?
lirdt
172;),
and
51
miles W. by N. from Boston and
12 N. W. from Worcester.
branch
of W^are river waters the town, and
gives it mil! privileges.
The manufactures consist of woolen goo;is,
It
lies
A
leather,
boots, shoes,
chairs, cabi-
net and woo;len wai-es
annual value about ,^50,000.
Rutland is a
very pleasant town, of good soil and
well cultivated.
Its exports of
beef, butter and cheese are consid;
erable.
ponds.
contains some fine fish
Population, 1337, 1,205.
It
ilye, N.
Rockingham
co., is pleasantlj' sit-
and the sea, a communication
was opened by
hill is
principally composed,
supposed to have been made use of
by the natives. This town has suffered considerably in times of war
and danger. In the Amei-ican or
revolutionary war, 38 of its inhabi-
this
by sea or land
them young men. Popu-
tants lost their lives,
niost of
the inhabitants about
;
lation, in 1830, 1,172.
I-I.,
uated on the sea coast, 6 1-2 miles
S. from Portsmouth.
It was originally
taken
from
Portsmouth,
Greenland, Hampton and New
Castle, chiefly the latter; and though
it began to be settled as early as the
year 1635, it was not incorporated
till 1719. The sea coast here is about
6 miles in extent, being nearly one
third of the coast in the state.
On
the shore, there are three considerable and very pleasant beaches, viz.
Sandy, Jenness' and Wallis', to
which many persons resort in the
summer season from neighboring
towns and the country, both for
health and for pleasure.
There is
here a small harbor, near Goss' mill,
into which vessels of 70 or 80 tons
burden may conveniently enter, at
high water.
The boat fishery is
carried on to considerable advantage, particularly in the fall and
winter seasons. There was formerly a large fresh water pond, lying
contiguous to the sand bank or
bounds of the sea, covering a surface of about 300 acres.
Between
this
The waters were
discharged into the sea, leaving a
tract of marsh, which, being watered by the regular flowing of the
tide, yields annually large quantiBreakfast Hill,
ties of salt hay.
between this town and Greenland,
is distinguished as the place where
a party of Indians were surprised
at breakfast, at the time of their incursion iu 1Q9S.
There are small
circular holes in the rocks of which
a centurj^ since.
Itutlaud was formerly twelve iniles square, aii;l was
sold by the Indians, in IGS'J, for
"Worcester co.
liyegate, Vt.
Caledonia co. This town is situated on the west bank of Connecticut river, opposite to Bath, N. H.
It is 33 miles E. by S. from Montpelier, and 14 S. by E. from Danville. Ryegate is watered by Wells
river, some smaller streams and several ponds.
There
is
land on the
town, but the soil is
and very productive
vegetables and grain
tervale
not
much
river,
in-
in the
generally rich
of all kinds of
but more particularly of grass. About 3,000 sheep
are kept, and the pioducts of the
soil, annually transported to market,
;
This town
are vei-y considerable.
first settled by emigrants from
Scotland, in the year 1774.
lai-ge
part of the present population of
Ryegate are of Scotch descent, and
are said to follow, in a great degree,
the peculiar habits, in regard to diet, which Scotchmen are accustomed to in their own country. They
annually prepare large quantities
of oat meal for cakes, and lay in a
good stock of hulled barley for
broths, soups and puddings.
The
people of Ryegate are generally
frugal and industrious ; good farmers,
was
A
and good
livers.
They manufac-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ture their own apparel and some for
their neighbors.
Population, 1830,
sons the appearance of Saco Falls
is truly sublime.
1,119.
Saco, Me.
Saclieiu's
Head,
Ct.
York
Saco is situated on the
east side of the river of that name.
It is 71 miles S. S. >V. from Augusta, 15 S. W. from Portland, and
See Guilford.
Saco River,
Is one of the largest in New
England yet being much broken
in its course by falls, is not navigable to any considerable extent.
It
;
from three sources in the
the branch issuing from the southwest side of
the mountains, near the Notch, is
considered the main stream; next
to this is the middle branch, which
is the smallest
and beyond is the
branch called Ellis's river, which
rises on the northeast side of the
mountains, and after a course of
about eighteen miles, unites with
the main bjanch in the town of
Bartlett.
Cutler's and New rivers
are mountain torrents that discharge
springs
White mountains
;
;
into the Ellis.
The Ammonoosuck,
a branch of the Connecticut, rises
within about two rods of the Saco,
flowing in an opposite direction.
The whole length of Saco river is
estimated to be 160 miles; running
its general course S. S. E., and
discharaing into the sea in N, latitude 43° 31', W. longitude 70° 26'.
The principal falls are, the Great
Falls, at Hiram, where the water
descends 72 feet; Steep Falls, at
Limington, 20 feet ; Salmon Falls,
at Hollis and Buxton, 30 feet
and
Saco Falls, 42 feet. The latter are
about 4 miles from the mouth of
the river.
The ordinary rise of
the water, in the spring, is from
10 to 15 feet, but in great freshets
it has been knoAvn
greatly to exceed that number.
long stoi-m
which occurred in Octobei-, 17S5,
raised the river to an immense
height, sweeping away mills and
bridges, and inundating houses that
stood in its vicinity. In 1S14, there
was the greatest freshet known
since that of 1785.
At such sea-
in
;
A
31
CO.
29N.E.
Saco
from York.
a port of entry, a place of
son)e ship building, and commands
a flourishing tiade.
Population,
is
1830, 3,219; 1837, 4,229.
Saco enjoys the rare privilege of
possessing a great hydraulic power united with navigable accomnjodations.
The Saco river terminates its fantastic course at this place,
by leaping, within a short distance,
42 feet, and mingling with the
ocean.
This water power is very
valuable, and cannot fail of becoming the site of large manufacturing
operations.
From the mouth of the river a
line beach extends to the east about
5 miles, called Old Orchard beach.
This name arose from a growth of
apple trees formerly near the beach,
planted at a very early period
some of them remained as late as
1770.
Another beach of less extent, but not inferior in other respects, is found at the Pool, connecting Fletcher's Neck with the
main, and formJng the south shore
of that peninsula.
Its distance
from the Falls is about 9 miles.
The small streams by which different parts of Saco are watered,
generally derive their origin from
an immense bog, commonly called
the Heath, and flow into the river
and sea.
On one of these, Foxwell's brook, there is a fine waterfall, with a descent of about sixty
feet, surrounded by scenery of a
wild and striking character.
The lumber trade has long been
the principal branch of business on
Saco river.
In early times, the
mills were supplied with logs from
the forests in the vicinity of the
Falls
in the former part of the last
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
century, they were procured at the
distance of a few miles above the
mills.
In the winter of 1772, it is
said, a few persons for the first time
ascended the river as far as Frj^eburg, in quest of timber, and finding an abundance, turned the attention of millmen to that region
for their future supplies.
After
the war the number of mills was
increased.
Before the year ISOO,
seventeen saws were in operation
about the Falls.
There wei-e others on the small streams in different
parts of Saco and Biddeford.
The
quantity of boards sawed per day,
(24 hours) has been estimated at
fifty thousand feet.
There is considerable navigation
owned at Saco, employed in foreign
and domestic commerce and the
fishery.
The tonnage of the district, in 1S37, was 3,666 tons.
There are at present a large cotton mill, a rolling mill, a nail factory, and numerous saw mills; but a
great portion of the water power
remains unimproved.
The village of Saco contains many handsome buildings, and the
scenery around it is romantic and
beautiful.
petition of a number of gentlemen,
a charter was grantee by king
James
in the year 1G06, dividing
the country into two districts, called North and South Virginia, and
authorizing the establishment of
separate colonies in each district by
two distinct companies.
right of
property in the land fifty miles on
each side of their first plantations,
and extending 100 miles into the interior, was granted by this patent.
The first or Southern colony were
allowed to settle any part of the
country within the degrees of 31
and 41 north latitude; the second,
consisting chiefly of persons resident at Plymouth and other towns
in the west of England, and thence
denominated the Plymouth Company, were allowed to choose a
place of settlement between 38 and
45 degrees north latitiule.
As a
consideiable portion of the territory thus allotted was common to the
two districts, a provision was added,
that the colony last planted should
not approach within one hundred
miles of that already established.
" The next year colonies were
sent out by the two companies.
One was fixed at Jamestown, of
which Gosnold
was the prime
mover,' and Capt. Smith an active
member; the other was established
at Sagadahock, or the mouth of the
A
'
Saco and Biddeford were formerThe former was first
ly united.
1631, the latter in 1630.
a few extracts from Mr.
Folsom's valuable liislory of tho.5e
towns, as they contain some interesting information in relation to the
first settlement of this part of
settled in
We
make
New
England.
" The unfortunate termination of
Sir V/alter Raleigh's
attempts
to
colonize Virginia during the reign
of Queen Elizabeth, had effectually checked the spirit of enterprise
in England in relation to the settlement of America.
The discoveries of Gosnold and Pring, and the
shortness of their voyages, now
caused the subject to be revived,
and to excite more general interest
than had before existed.
On the
Kennebec, led by Captains George
Popham, brother to tlie Chief Jusand Raleigh Gilbert.
This
colony consisted of 108 men;
whether accompanied by their Aimilies, we are not informed.
They
arrived on the coast near the island
of Monhcagan, a few leagues east
tice,
Kennebec,
August, and soon
of the
mouth
in the
month of
after entered the
of that river, where, on the
eastern side, on an island now forming a part of Georgetown, they
commenced preparations for a permanent settlement without delay.
Monheagan was agreed upon as a
place of rendezvous for the ships
before leaving England, and al-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
we are not directly told that
the destination of the colony was
determined before their arrival,
The
there is no doubt of the fact.
great patron of the enterprise, Chief
Jus'ice Popham, eb*;ainec' an accurate survey of the coast the year
before, and doubtless selected the
mouth of that" fair and navigable
river," as the Kennebec is styled
by Smith, as a favorable location for
the seat of the colony.
" The lateness of the season
scarcelj allowed the colonists time
to erect a fort and the necessary
places of shelter before the approach of winter, which proved
More than
excessively rigorous.
half their number returned with
the ships to England in December,
in consequence of the severity of
the cold and the scantiness of their
supplies.
Soon after those who
had remained had the misfortune to
lose the greater part of their buildCapt. Popings and stores by tire.
ham died in the course of the winter, and an arrival in the spring
brought news of the death of the
though
Chief Justice.
Raleigh Gilbert,
who succeeded Popham
as presi-
dent of the Colony, was under the
necessity of returning to England
on account of the decease of his
brother, of
which intelligence was
the river Penobscot, from whence
he carried to England live of the
natives, "three of whom," says
Gorges, " I seized upon they were
all of one nation, but of several
parts and several families.
This
accident must be acknowledged the
uieans under God of putting on foot
and giving life to all our plantations."
He retained these Indians in his family three years, and
obtained from them much information respecting their native shores
they were afterwards sent back.
Gorges hv^nceforth took a deep interest in schemes for the settlement
of North Virginia, and was rather
chagrined than discouraged by the
return of the Sagadahock colonists,
and the unfavorable reports which
they spread concerning the coun" He had too much experitry.
ence in the world," he said, " to be
frighted with such a blast, as knowing many great kingdoms and large
territories more northerly seated
;
:
ing the prejudice excited by the
" Sir Ferdinando Gorg-es, a con-
member of the Plymouth
Company, alone remained undis-
spicuous
attention
to
Wey-
of this
King James.
The
of his course,
mouth had accidently discovered
have been
;
couraged.
flailing short
and by many degrees colder, were
plentifully inhabited, and divers of
them stored with no better commodities than these afforded, if like
industry, art and labor be used."
Unable, however, to persuade the
company to undertake the planting
of a second colony. Gorges engaged
in private enterprises to this coast,
which began to be much resorted to
by English ships for purposes of
trade with the natives, and of fishing.
In the year 1616, he sent
hither a party commanded by Richard Vines, for the express object of
exploring the country with a view
to form
a settlement.
He contracted with them to remain during
the winter, with the hope of remov-
received by another arrival, and
the colonists, discouraged Jjy so many adverse circumstances, resolved
to abandon the country and return
with him.
Thus in less than one
year from the time the settlement
was commenced, the northern colony was broken up the country
was denounced as uninhabitable,
and no further attempts were made
for many years to promote its settlement by the Company to whom
it was assigned by the patent of
gentleman appears
turned to this part of America
year 1605, when Capt. Weymouth arrived in the harbor of
Plymouth where he resided, on his
return from a voyage for the discovery of the northwest pa-jstge.
first
in the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The
Sagadahock colonists against the
character of the climate.
" They arrived during the prevalence of a destructive disease
among the natives, which spread
er, on the western side, near the
capacious and sheltered basin now
called the Pool, but in early times
known as Winter harbor.
" Vines performed several voyages
to our coast in the service of Gorges,
and it is probable made Winter HarWhile he
bor his principal resort.
was occupied in exploring the
country and trading with the na-
New
throughout
mencing
spot v.'hich they selected for
their abode, we have reason to suppose, was at tlie mouth of Saco riv-
its
England, comravages in the west.
This pestilence is noticed by all the
writers on the early history of New
England, with some difference of
opinion as to the precise year of its
A
occurrence.
late and highly respectable writer supposes it to have
prevailed in different places at different times, but a few years previous to the arrival of the Plymouth
pilgrims. It was regarded by those
pious colonists as a special interposition of divine providence in their
favor, so great was the havoc it
made among the tribes in that quarter.
'Thus,' says old Morton, 'God
made way for his people by removing the heathen and planting them
tives,
nists
or planters.
" The husbandmen took up tracts
of 100 acres, of which they received leases on nominal or small rents,
from Mr. Vines.
Some of these
are now on record.
estate that
had been in the possession of Thomas Cole, including 'a mansion or
dwellinghouse,' was leased by Mr.
Vines to John West for the term of
lOOO years, for the annual rent of
two shillings and one capon, a previous consideration having been
paid by West.
The lease which is
partly in the latin language, was
executed, 1638. Another deed from
Vines requires the lessee to yield
An
who were engaged
war with each other when the pestilence made its appearance. In the midst of these
evils, the Englishmen passed with
safety among them, and slept in
their cabins without suffering from
the contagion.
They were in particular welcomed by the savages
whom they had seen in the family
in a destructive
in
visited
and pay an acknowledgement and
rent-charge of 5s., two days work,
and one fat goose yearly. In this
manner were
different parts of the coast,
lish
themselves
prepared to estabfor the winter.
the planters ren-
in fee simple.
at
this little party
all
dered tenants to the propiietor,
none of them holding their estates
Plymouth, and now
their native homes.
Having
met
fish-
and trade with the natives.
Most of them combined these pursuits, and were styled husbandmen
penetrated into the interior, visiting
the Indians in their villages and
wigwams, who received them with
great kindness and hospitality. Beside the ravages of sickness, they
were at this time thrown info confusion by the death of the Bashaba
or chief sachem, whom the Tarrantincs, living east of the Penobscot,
had attacked by surprise and destroyed with his family the preceding year.
Great dissensions had
immediately followed among the
Gorges
were chiefly agriculture,
ing,
" Mr. Vines and his companions
of
in
How
long he pursued this
course, we are not informed, nor do
we find him mentioned again until
several years after his early residence at Winter Harbor.
" The employments of the colo-
in the land.'
different tribes,
men were engaged
his
fishing.
|
Fishing was the most common
occupation, as it was both easy and
profitable to barter the products of
this business for corn from Virginia,
and other stores from England.
The trade with the planters of Mas-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
8achu?etts soon became consideraIn 1636, Mr. Vines had a
ble.
consignment of bread and beef from
Jocelyn remarks that
that quarter.
•Winter Harbor is a noted place for
describes the mode of
pursuing this business in the followmanner: 'The fishermen take
He
fishers.'
in"-
yearly on the coast many hundred
quintals of cod, hake, haddock, poltheir
lock, &c. and dry them at
a
stages, making three voyages in
They make merchantable
year.
and refuse fi4i, which they sell to
Massachusetts merchants ; the first
per quintal ; the
32 ryals
travelling into the interior for this
and French
English
purpose.
goods were bartered for valuable
furs, particularly beaver."
Saddle Mountain, Mass.
See JidMms.
gaddleli>acl£
Mountain, Me.
Franklin co. This mountain is a
few miles south of Mount Abraham,
it is 25 miles N. AV. from Farmington, and about 4,U00 feet above the
level of the sea.
Sagadalioclc, Me.
($4)
for
The ancient name o( a section of
oi
sends country, at and east of the mouth
The merchant
and 2,25.)
Kennebec river. See Saco.
Marthe first to Lisbon, Bilboa,
other
St. All>ans, Me.
seilles, Bordeaux, Toulon, and
pipecities of France ; to Canaries,
Somerset co. This is a valuable
refuse
staves and clapboards; the
miles N. N.
the ne- township of land, 46
fish to the W. Indies for
E. from Augusta, and 26 N. E. by
To every shallop belong
groes.
Incorporasteers- E. from Norridgewock.
four fishermen, a master or
Population, 1S30, 911 ;
shore ted, 1S13.
man, a midshipman, and a
This town contains a
1837, 1,393.
man, who washes it out of the salt,
the outpitched large and beautiful pond ;
and dries it upon hurdles
which forms a good mill
let of
upon stakes breast high, and tends
Sebasticook
They often get in stream, a branch of pleasant and
their cookery.
share river. There are two
one voyage 8 or 9 barrels a
flourishing villao-es in St. Albans.
per man. The merchant buys of
10,294 bushels
peas, wheat, Wheat crop, 1837,
the planters beef, pork,
Indian corn, and sells it to the fishSt. Allbans, Vt.
ermen.'
This
Shire town of Franklin co.
" The expense of each planter to
by
is bounded on the west
town
provision himself was quite small,
lies 46 miles
an estimate Champlain lake. It
if we may judge from
N. Vv\ by N. from Montpelier, and
furnished by Mr. Jocelyn for the
25 N. from Burlington. First setinformation of proposed emigrants.
Populaprevi- tled about the year" 1785.
similar estimate had been
The soil of this
1S30, 2,395.
tion
ously made by Capt. Smith with
town is fertile, and under the manreference to Virginia. ' Victuals to
is renderof agement of good farmers,
last one man a year; 8 bushels
In 1837, there
productive.
two bushels of peas, 6 ed very
meal, £2:
sheep in the town, and
two bushels of oatmeal, were 8,459
shi11ino;s
the exports of wool and other pro9 shillhigs one gallon of aqua vit:e,
soil are large and
one gallon of oil, ductions of the
(brandy,^ 2s. Gil.
The water communicavaluable.
two gallons of vinegar,
refuse
for
9 and
10 shillings ($2,
A
:
:
:
3s.
6cZ.
2s.:'
:
total,
£3
3s.,
equal
to
$14.
was carA considerable
many
ried on with the natives by
of the planters, some of them visi"
ting-
°
traffic
remote parts of the
31*
coast, or
by the lake to New-York and
Canada, render St. Albans a mart
the surof considerable trade from
tions
rounding country. The first vesthat arsel from Lake Champlain,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
New
York, by the northbuilt and owned at St. Albans.
The Village of St. Albans is
situated on elevated
beautifully
ground, and commands a fine prosrived at
ern canal,
was from,
pect.
It contains many handsome
buildings, and is a busy place in the
manufacture of various articles. It
lies three miles from the lake, and
twelve miles from the line of Canada.
St.
bounded northerly by a neck of
land adjoining Thomaston, E. by
the western waters of Penobscot
bay, S. by the Atlantic, and W. by
the waters of Muscongus bay and
St. George's river.
This town possesses, in an eminent degree, every
navigable facility. It is a place of
considerable ship building, and the
people are engaged in the lumber
trade, coasting and fishing.
There
are a number of islands on the coast
of this town
a cluster of islands
called St. Georges, are the most
considerable.
They lie off the
town S. by W. about 5 miles. St.
Geoi'ge was incorporated in 1803.
Population, 1837, 1,883.
It lies 57
miles S. E. from Augusta, and 10
:
Croix River.
This river forms the boundary
between the United States and
the British Province of New Brunswick, from the ocean to Grand
Lake. It is sometimes called Passamaquoddi/, ScJioodic and Che- S. from Warren.
putnetecook. This river rises in
St. George River is a valuable
Grand Lake and passes to the stream, both on account of its hyocean in a S. E. course. The dis- draulic power and navigable actances on this important river are commodations.
It receives its most
as follows: from Eastport to Ca- distant waters from ponds in Montlais, at the head of navigation, is 28
ville, Searsmont and Belmont in
from Calais to the mouth of the county of Waldo, and, in a
miles
Schoodic river, 21 miles, and from southerly course, passes to Union,
thence to Grand Lake is 33 miles
where it receives the waters of
Eastport to several ponds, and meets the tide at
distance from
total
Grand Lake, 82 miles. There are Wai-ren. The length of this river
many elevations in this river, and is about 40 miles it is navigable to
consequently many falls and rapids, Warren, 15 miles from the sea.
producing a great hydraulic power.
St. Greorge, Vt.
The mouth of the western branch of
Chittenden co,
A small town
the St. Croix, or Schoodic river, is
bounded W, by Shelburne, 28 miles
166 feet above tide water, at Calais
and the whole fall from Grand Lake W, by N. from Montpelier, and 8
First setS. E. from Burlington.
to sea level is 444 feet.
line
:
:
;
St.
The
Or the Peclieenegamook, rises in
*he county of Piscataquis, on the
border of Canada. It has a number
of tributaries and receives the waters of several lakes.
It is about
50 miles in length, and, parsing
nearly south falls into the river St,
John, on the line of Penobscot
count3^
St.
Population, 1830,
tled, 1784.
Francois iiiver, Me,
George, Me.
the
surface
soil
is
is
is
1.35.
high and uneven:
composed of loam, clay
and gravel.
St. J'oliii's lliver.
See Fundi/, Bay.
St. .Io3iissl>ury?
Vt.
This pleasant and
35 miles N, E.
from Montpelier, 57 N. from Hanover, N, H. and 7 E, from Danville.
The town was organized in 1790.
Population, 1830, 1,592 ; 1838, about
Caledonia co.
flourishing
town
,
Lincoln co.
This township
nearly surrounded by water
It
is
is
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
2,000.
the soil
The
surface is uneven, but
generally strong and fertile. In 1837,there were 4,546 sheep
in the town.
is
The amount
of available water
is great and
valuable, indicating its future importance as a site for large manu-
power
in St.
Johnsbury
The Passumpsic
factories.
considerable stream,
which
bined.
river
is
the estab-
lishment ofE. and I. Fairbanks, for
the manufacture of their improved
platform balances, on an extensive
scale
also iron works of various
kinds, on the other streams.
There are three handsome villages in the town: that called the
;
Plain, is on elevated ground and
near the junction of the streams.
This town commands the trade of a
considerable portion of country, and
these
which are neatly
an active business.
villages,
built, enjoy
Salem, Me.
Somerset
tered
by
a
co.
This town is v»abranch of Seven Mile
Brook, and lies 52 miles N. N. W.
from Augusta, and 23 N. W. from
Norridgewock. Incorporated, 1823.
Population, 1837, 496.
This is a
good farming town; it produced in
1837, 4,216 bushels of wheat.
Salem,
li.
Salem, Vt.
falls into
aflbrd a succession of excellent mill
seats seldom seen so closely com-
Sleeper's
tion, in 1830, 1,310.
river, a
Connecticut river at the foot of Fifteen Mile Falls, passes through the
central part of the town from north
to south.
Moose and Sleeper's rivers unite with the Passumpsic and
On
ceives in its course
numerous
branches, and waters the different
portions of the town, furnishing also
excellent mill privileges. The soil
is generally fertile, and the surface
uneven. Salem was incorporated
by charter, May 11, 1750. Popula-
H.,
Rockingham co., is 30 miles S.
from Concord, and 40 S. W. from
Portsmouth. Policy pond, partly in
this town, and paitly in Windham, is
the largest collection of water:
World's end pond and Captain pond
are in the S. E. and E. parts of the
town; and there are other small
ponds. The Spiggot river, passing
from N. to S. through the town, re'-
Orleans
co.
This
is
a
township
of level surface, and tolerable soil;
50 miles N.N. E. from Montpelier
and
lON.E. from
Irasburgh. First
1798.
Population, 1830,
230.
Clyde river passes through
the N. E. part of the town and apart
of the south bay of Memphremagog lake lies in the N. W. corner.
settled,
Salem, Mass.,
One
of the shire towns in Essex
CO.
This is the oldest and largest
seaport but one in old Massacliu-
Indian name was JS'^aIt is 14 miles N. N. E.
from Boston, and lies in lat. 42° 31'
19" N., and Ion. 70° 54^ W. Population, 1836, 15,002. Salem is nearly surrounded by water, being situated between two inlets of the sea,
called the north and south rivers.
To the main, and now inhabited part
of the town, is attached a peninsular
portion of land, called the Neck.
This was the first inhabited land,
and was formerly used for fishing
and other purposes. It ultimately
became the pioperty of the town,
and was, for a long time, used as a
public pasture.
In 1816, when the
present Alms House was built, a
setts.
Its
umkeag.
large portion of it was enclosed, and
has since been cultivated as the
Alms House farm. The finest and
most comprehensive view of Salem may be had from <' Gallows
Hill."
Its situation is low,
but
pleasant and healthy.
Its streets
are quite irregular.
Essex is the
only street which runs through the
town and is very angular and crooked.
Federal and Bridge streets are
broad, straight and regular.
Ches-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
cut is esteemed the handsomest,
though it is not the most public
street.
It has rows of elms on either side. Winter and Broad streets
are the widest.
was made
The
tirst
pavement
Essex street, between
Court and North streets, in 1773,
and is still in use. The south chui-ch
has great architectural beauty, and
the north church is built of stone,
with a beautiful front of the gothic
in
There is a Custom House
head of Derby wharf. Salem has always been a commercial
order.
at the
1644, there was
make Salem the
a strong party to
seat of government,
but in this attempt, the
deputies
were defeated.
In 1675, Capt. Thomas Lathrop
and his company were killed by the
Indians, at Bloody Brook. He, with
Roger Conant, had removed from
Salem to Beverly, in 1668. His
company were called the " Flower
of Essex," and many of them were
from Salem.
In 1081, Major William Hawthorne died.
He was a leading and
infiuential character in his time,
It has a convenient harbor
speaker, assistant,
and good anchorage. In point of having been
Vt^calth and commerce, it has al- judge, commissioner of the united
ways ranked as the second town in colonies, &c., and having ever
showed himself able, faithful, and
New England.
worthy of confidence.
Its history is idcntiiled with that
of Massachusetts, and there is much
In 1687, William Brown gave a
Its
farm for the benetit of the schools
in it to interest and instruct.
rank, the character and number of of Salem. The Brown family were
ever great friends and liberal pat
its population, its facilities for comThey not only
merce, and the advantage of being rons of learning.
the chosen residence of many of made donations to the Salem schools,
the first and most distinguished set- but also to Harvard College for the
benefit of poor scholars.
tlers, made it earl}'' and seriously
In 1692, the witchcraft delusion
thought of as the Capital, instead
of Boston.
It was first settled in prevailed in Salem, and nineteen
1626, by Roger Conant, Peter Pal- persons were tried and lianged as
Though designated " the
fray and others, who had failed in witches.
an attempt to plant themselves at Salem witchcraft," it had pervaded
Cape Ann. In 1628, a cession of other places, previously to its apMassachusetts was made to Sir pearance here. In England, laws
Henry Roswell and others, with a had been enacted against it, and Sir
view to establish a colony there. Matthew Hale, gave to those laws
In 1648, Margaret
Of this company, Matthew Cradock his sanction.
was President, and in 162S, John Jones was condemned and hanged
Endicott was sent over to reside at at Charlestown, and in 1655, Ann
Salem as the company's agent, in Hibbins, at Boston. The imputathe same year, the first church v.as tion for a time induced a belief of
the reality of the imposition but
formed.
It has ever been remarkable for its succession of eminent, time finally detected and exposed
independent and useful Divines; the eircr.
The house, in which
among whom, are the Higginsons, the accused were tried, is still standSkelton, Roger Williams, Hugh Pe- ing at the western corner of Essex
and North streets, and the place of
ters, Noyes, Fiske, Dr. Prince, &c.
In 1634, the first general court m.et their execution is now known as
Roger Conant was " Gallows Hill." A full and interat Newton.
one of the first deputies from Salem. esting account of this delusion of
In 1643, Massachusetts was divi- the imagination has been written
ded into 4 counties; Essex, Mid- and published by Rev. C. W. Updlesex, Suffolk and Norfolk.
In ham.
place.
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
In 1698, a great fire broke out,
several dwelling
and destroyed
houses.
In 1718, the second or
east church was built and is still
standing. The celebrated Dr. Bentley was pastor of this church. He
"wrote a " Description of Salem,"
which is published in the " Collections of the Mass. Hist. Society."
In 1774, General Gage ordered
the removal of the general court to
Salem. At that time, Boston was a
The merchants and
closed port.
citizens
of
Salem called
a
town
meeting, at which, resolutions denouncing, in very strong terms, the
Boston port bill, were passed unanimously.
The meeting was very
full, and a copy of their doings was
communicated to their neighbors of
Boston. On the 11th of June, when
Gov. Gage was at Salem, an address,
numerously signed, was presented
to him, which reflects high honor
on the sense of justice and patriotism of this ancient town. Among
other things it said, " By shutting
up the port of Boston, some imagine that the course of trade mi^ht
be turned hither and to our benefit
but nature in the formation of our
harbor forbids our becoming rivals
in commerce to that convenient
mart.
must
And were it otherwise, we
be dead to every idea of jus-
— lost to feelings of humani— could we indulge one thought
tice
ty
all
on wealth and raise ourfortunes on the 7-uin of our suffering
neighbors."
In 1776, Feb. 26, Col. Leslie,
with a British regiment from Boston Castle, landed privately at Salem and proceeded to the North
bridge, with a view to seize on some
to seize
military stores beyond it.
The citizens were, at the time, in meeting
but Col. Timothy Pickering, with
30 or 40 men, got there in season to
raise the draw, and thus prevent
Leslie and his regiment from passing further. The British attempted
to cross the river in a gondola,
but the Americans scuttled the
;
Finally, Col. Leslie proposed
that if he should be permitted to
pass 30 rods beyond the bridge, he
would return. Having been permitted, the gallant colonel returned
peaceably to Boston.
During the revolution, there
were about 60 armed vessels fitted
out from Salem, manned by 4,000
boat.
men
and many unrecorded deeds
high daring and chivalrous adventure were performed on the sea by
citizens of Salem, during that eventful period.
Indeed, in her naval
achievements consists principally
the part which Salem bore in the
;
of
revolutionary struggle.
This seaport has been more known
for its East India trade than any
other in the United States. The
Salem engaged in
was the Grand Turk,
owned by E. H. Derby. She was
at the Cape of Good Hope in 1784,
commanded by Capt. Jonathan Ingersoll, and at Canton in 1786, commanded by Ebenezer West.
A
first
ship from
this trade
model of her, completely rigged,
in the
Museum.
is
In 1818, there
were 53 vessels employed in this
trade belonging to Salem, the tonnage of which was 14,272 tons.
Salem became a city in 1836. Its
government consists of a mayor and
six aldermen, and tv/enty-four common council men. Its public schools
are nineteen. The number of scholars in 1837, was 1,534, and the
amount paid for instruction ^8,877.
The AthencBum was incorporated
Edward A. Holyoke,
in 1810.
William Orne, Nathaniel Silsbee
and Samuel Putnam were authorised to call the first meeting of the
proprietors.
The stock is divided
into 90 or 100 shares.
Its library
contains about 9,000 volumes. The
institution, though at present rather
private, may ultimately become
more public.
The Museum is remarkable for the
extent and variety of its natural and
artificial curiosities, collected from
almost every part of the world.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
There are 4,721 names of
articles
on the catalogue
:
they are
kept in a spacious hall built for that
purpose, and belong to the East India Marine society.
This society
consists of such only as have actually navigated the seas near the
Cape of Good Hope or Cape Horn,
as inris'eror factor,
in 1823, there
were l(jO of these enterprising men
living in Salem.
The hail is open
daily for the reception of visitors,and
vast numbers of strangers thi-ong
there.
All come with an eager and
excited curiosity, and leave with
that curiosity at least gratified, if
not satisfied.
The commerce
Salem is very
extended. There is hardly any part
of the world which her ships have
sels,
of
The number
not visited.
engaged
in foreign
of ves-
commerce,
100 or more, and 18 in the whaling business, beside the vessels employed in the coasting trade and fishez-y.
Tonnage of the district in
1837, 32,800 tons.
Many of the wharves bear the
names of their builders and owners:
as the Allen, Derby, Peabody, Forester and Phillips' wharf. This last
was recently re-built by Stephen
C. Phillips, on the ruins of the old
Crowninshield wharf, which had
is
become
dilapidated and useless. It
an admirable piece of work.
Although Salem is without any
important water power, and has ever been almost exclusively devoted
to maritime pursuits, yet its manufacturing interests are by no means
small.
During the year ending
April 1, 1837, the value of its manufactures amounted to $1,471,889.
is
They consisted of vessels, cordage,
leather, boots, shoes, hats, tin and
cabinet wares, chairs, spirits ; white,
sheet and pipe lead, carriages, straw
bonnets, sperm candles, tobacco,
alum, saltpetre refined, aquafortis,
muriatic acid,oil of vitriol, &c. The
value of its whale, cod and mackerel
fisheries, the same
year,
amounted
to
$210,843.
The Aqueduct
different
furnishes the city
with a constant supply of fresh
and soft spring water.
The fire department is under good
regulations.
Some of the societies
in the city are the " East India Marine society," incorporated in 1801
the " E. I. M. Hall Corporation," in
1824; the " Salem Charitable Mechanic Association," instituted in
1817, and incorporated, in 1822 the
" Essex Historical Society," in
1821, and the " Salem Lyceum,"
;
which was formed in 1830
The Common was reserved "
a training field
for the
as
use of Sa-
lem, "in 1713. It is a beautiful, level spot of giound, surrounded by a
double row of elm and other ornamental trees, and is designed to
have a gravel walk around it. The
alms house formerly stood upon it,
but it is now entirely unencumbered.
The City Hall was
built in 1837.
It
has a beautiful granite front, and
is
handsomely finished and furnish-
ed within.
The Rail-Road from Salem
to
Boston, was opened for travel, August 28, 1838 ; thus making Salem,
as it were, a part of Boston.
The
first stage between these cities was
run by Ezra Burrill, in 1782. It
went to Boston one day and returned to Salem the next. Now the distance can be easily passed over in
50 minutes; and at the same time,
will
ride rapidly
the traveller
through a beautiful and picturesque
country.
See Register.
Among the distinguished men, in
almost every profession, which Salem claims as among its sons, the
name
of Nathaniel
Bowditch,
LL. D.,F. R. S.,authorofthe PracJVavigator, is identified with
fame and nautical achievements.
Dr. Bowditch was born at Salem,
He was taken
March 26, 1773.
from school at the age of 10 years
and placed as an apprentice to a
ship chandler.
At the age of 22
tical
its
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
he went
to sea and spent nine years
in the capacity of captain's clerk,
supercargo, and finally as master of
a ship.
In 1804, he became president of a Marine Insurance Company, in Salem, which office he held
until 1S23, when his superior talents
called him to !)ecom8 Actuary of the
Massachusetts Hospital Life Insurance Company, in Boston ; the responsible and laborious duties of
which olfice he faithfully discharged until his death, March 16, 1S3S.
Notwithstanding his limited means
of education. Dr. Bowditch acquired, by his extraordinary genius and
economy of time, a perfect knowledge of all the modern languages,
and became the most eminent math-
ding to thy word
last words."
?'
These were
his
Salem, Ct.
New London
co.
This town was
taken from the towns of Colchester,
Lyme and Montville; but the principal part from Colchester, and incorporated in 1819.
It comprises
an area of six by five miles of fertile and productive land.
The inhabitants are generally good farmers, who live scattered about on
their farms. Population, 1830, 958.
Salem is well watered by small
streams, and is bounded on the N.
E. by a large and beautiful pond.
It lies 29 miles S. E. from Hartford,
and 13 N. W. from New London.
ematician and astronomer in AmerSalisbury, K". H.,
The Practical JVavigator, has
been translated into every EuropeMerrimack co., lies 15 miles N.
an language, and its use is co-exten- from Concord. Black water i-iver
sive with maritime adventures.
passes through the W. part of SalisAnother work of Dr. Bowditch, bury. There are 5 bridges across
places his name, as a man of science, this stream in this town.
The soil
still higher on the roil of fame.
of the upland is strong, deep and
It
is his translation of the Jilecanique
loamy the hilly land affords some
Celeste of La Place, with an elab- fine tracts of tillage, but chiefly
orate and copious commentary on abounds in excellent pasturage. On
that work, in four large quarto vol- Blackwater river, there is some veumes. This work was completed ry fertile intervale, which united
just before his death.
with the adjacent hilly land, comThe last hours of such a man as poses several very valuable farms.
Dr. Bowditch, cannot fiiil to be inconsiderable portion of Kearsargc
teresting, as they mark his charac- mountain ranges within the bounds
ter through life.
friend of his of Salisbury, the N. W. corner
who was present, says, " lie did not bound of \vhich extends nearly to
like to see those about him look sad the summit.
There are two very
and gloomy ; and he remarked, on pleasant villages in this town, situone occasion, I feel no gloom with- ated on the 4th N. H. turnpike
in me
why should you wear it in about 1 1-2 miles apart.
your faces r'
On the morning of
Salisbury was incorporated by
his death, when his sight was very charter from the government of N.
dim and his voice almost gone, he H., March 1, 1763, when it took
called his children to his bed side, the name ofSalisbury.lt was settled
and, arranging them in the order as early as 1750.
The first settlers
of age, pointed to and addressed were Philip Call, Nathaniel Meloon,
each by name, ' You see I can dis- Benjamin Pettcngill, John and Ebtinguish you all
and now I give enezer Webster, Andrew Bohonyou my parting blessing. The time non, Edward Eastman, and others.
' Lord, now
is come.
lettest thou The first inhabitants experiencod
thy servant depart in peace, accor- the inroads of the Indians. On the
ica.
;
A
A
'
;
;
�NEW ENGLAND
GAZETTEER.
1753, Nathaniel Me- tains some rough land, and some
W. part of the excellent meadows. It is watered
town, was captured, together with by Otter Creek, Middlebury and
his wife, and three children, viz
Leicester rivers. The latter river
Sarah, Rachel, and Daniel.
They atfords a good water power, which
were carried to Canada, where he propels a number of valuable manuand his wife were sold to the French facturing establishments.
Leicesin Montreal.
The three children ter river is the outlet of Lake Dunwere
kept
by
the
Indian*. more, a fine sheet of water, about
After the parents
had resided four miles in length, and three
in Montreal about a year and a fourths of a mile in width.
This
half, they had a son born, who was lake lies in Leicester and Salisbubaptized by a French friar by the ry.
There is a pleasant and flourname of Joseph Mary. Mr. Me- ishing village in the town, and a
loon returned from captivity after large cavern supposed to have been
four years and a half, to his farm in an Indian lodging place.
SalisbuSalisbury.
Sarah died with the In- ry lies 34 miles S. W. from Montdians.
Rachel, who was 9 years peiier, and is bounded N. by Midold when captured, returned after dlebury.
Population, 1830, 907.
9 years.
She had become much
Salisbury, Mass.
attached to the Indians, was about
Essex CO.
to be married to Peter Louis, son of
In 1633, this town
Col. Louis, of Cognawaga.
She was granted, by the name of Merhad the habits, and acted like an rimack, to be a plantation, unto SiIndian, understood the Indian lan- mon Bradstieet, Daniel Dennison,
guage and could sing their songs. and others. The year following it
Hon. Ebenezer Webster was was incorporated by the name of
one of the early settlers; a patiiot Colchester, and in 1640 assumed, by
of the revolution an officer of the direction of the then general court,
militia ; for several years a senator the name of Salisbury. It is seven
in the legislature, and a judge of by three miles in extent, and is
the court of common pleas till his bounded southerly by the river
death in 180G.
He was the father Merrimack, westerly by Pov/ow
of the Hon. Ezexiel and Dan- river, which divides it from the
iel, Webster, names well known town of Amesbury, northerly by
throughout the country. Popula- the New Hampshire line, which
separates it from the towns of South
tion, in 1S30, 1,379.
Hampton and Seabrook, and easterSalisbury, Vt.
ly by the sea.
Addison co. The widow of Amos
In 1G43, the plantation in
Story, with S or 10 small children, Hampshire, viz. Hampton, Exeter,
was the first family that made Salis- Portsmouth and Dover, were united
bury a permanent residence. She to Massachusetts, and, together
came here in 1775, and endured with Salisbury and Haverhill, formevery hardship incident to the life ed into a new and distinct county,
of a pioneer; chopping down tim- called Norfolk, of which Salisbury
ber, clearing the land, laboring in was the shire tov/n, and so continthe field, and sleeping in a cavern. ued to the year 1679, when New
Mr. Story, Avas killed by the falling Hampshire was again separated and
of a tree previous to the removal formed into a royal government. In
of his family. The proprietors gave August, 1737, commissioners, apMrs. Story 100 acres of land for pointed by the crown, met at Hampher manly conduct.
The soil of ton falls, for the purpose of settling
the town is generally good ; it con- a controversy, respecting the boun-
16th of
May,
loon, living in the
:
;
New
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
dary line, which had long subsisted
Salisbury) Ct.
between the two governments of
Massachusetts
On
shire.
court of
al
vened
at
and
New Hamp-
this occasion the
gener-
New
Hampshire conHampton, and that of
Massachusetts
at Salisbury.
Salis-
from Newburyport,
4 miles, from Haverhill 12, from Exeter, N, H. 10, and from Portsmouth
bury
20.
distant
is
Population, in 1837, 2,675.
There are two considerable
vil-
the largest is at
lages in Salisbury
the westerly part of the town, upon Powow river at the head of tide
water. The village is divided by
said river into two pretty equal
parts, one in Salisbury, the other
In that part of the
in Amesbury.
village that lies in Salisbury, are
;
flannel factories, one 200 feet
long and .50 feet wide, the other 100
feet by 40 feet. The establishment
is called, the Salisbury ManufacCapital $500,turing Coi-poration.
two
000.
There is also in this village
a large tannery, and manufactures
of cotton goods, shoes, combs, boats,
wherries and molasses casks.
The other village is pleasantly
situated on the bank of the Merrimack, on a point of land formed by
the junction of that river with the
generally known by
of IVehstcr's
Point. Shipbuilding long has been,
and still is, a principal branch of
business in this place and its character is well established for building excellent vessels. There are
now nine sail of vessels owned in
Powow
;
and
is
the distinctive
name
;
and employed paitly in
the coasting trade, and partly in the
cod and mackerel fishery.
The annual product of the manufactures of Salisbury, including
vessels, and of the tishery, is about
this village
$500,000.
Salisbury and Amesbury are finely located for business; the villages
are neat and the scenery around
Salisbitry
them very pleasant.
Beach is noted for its beauty, and
is much frequented.
32
The Housatonick
Litchfield co.
and Salmon rivers give this town a
great and constant water power.
The surface of Salisbury is formed
of lofty elevations and deep valleys
;
but the
soil
is
excellent for
and pasturage.
The valleys are generally limeThe
stone, and the hills granite.
number of sheep kept here in 1837,
all
sorts of
grain
was 8,999.
" Salisbury Centre," a pleasant
village, is 53 miles N. W. from
New Haven, 50 W. N. W. from
Hartford, 22 N. W. from Litchfield,
and 34 N. W. by Vv. from Hudson,
Population, 1830, 2,580.
N. Y.
The Indian name of the town was
Weatog.
It was first settled by
the whites in 1720.
Salisbury has long been celebrated for its excellent iron ore and
The guns on
manufactures.
board our favorite frigate, " Old
Iron Sides," used by "Truxton in
the capture of the L'Insurgente,
were made at the old furnace in
iron
Salisbury.
The "Old Ore Hill,'* two miles
west of Wanscopommuc lake, has
been worked since the year 1732.
Within the last 10 or 15 years, from
five to six thousand tons of ore have
The ore is
been dug annually.
One
sold at the mine for $3 a ton.
dollar and twenty-five cents is paid
to the proprietor of the mine, and
The first
the residue to the miner.
furnace in Salisbury was erected in
1762, at the outlet of Wanscopommuc, by S. and E. Forbes, Mr.
Hazeltine, and Ethan Allen, the
large
hero of Ticonderoga.
A
amount of cannon, balls, and bombshells were manufactured here during the revolutionary war.
The large and inexhaustible quantities of iron ore found in Salisbury,
and the abundant supply of wood
for charcoal, and other materials
necessary for smelting the ore, together with the superior quality
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
of iron, introduced other manufactures ; and iron has continued from
that time the staple commodity of
There are at present
the town.
in Salisbury, 4 blast furnaces, 5
forges, with 20 fires, 2 puddling
establishments, 1 screw shop, 1
anchor shop, 2 scythe manufactories, 1 hoe manufactory, 2 trip hammers, 2 cupola or pocket furnaces,
for small castings.
From
five to six
bushels of
consumed
hundred thousand
charcoal are annually
at the different establish-
ments. The puddling furnaces require from two to three thousand
ords ol wood annually. The number of workmen employed in the
different processes of preparing the
material and manufacturing the iron,
amount in all to about five hundred men.
The furnaces produce
annually from two thousand to two
thousand five hundred tons of pig
iron.
The forges and puddling establishments annually produce from
one thousand two hundred to one
thousand five hundred tons of
wrought iron, which is used for anchors, car axletrees, musket barrels, and various other kinds of
drafts.
The Salisbury iron ore is
the brown hematite, and yields
about forty per cent of pig iron.
It is
well
and stands
known to manufacturers,
as fair in the
any other iron
market
as
in the country.
Salmon Rivers.
the bank not more than three rods.
It is called the flume, and is about
four rods in length, its breadth varying from two and one half feet to
less than one foot ; but here the
water has a subterraneous passage.
In the rocks are many cavities from
one to seven feet in diameter, mostly cylindrical, and from one to four
feet in depth.
Salmon Brook.
See JVashua,
H.
Salmon river, Connecticut. This
JV.
beautiful mill stream has its source
in the high lands in Tolland county, and passing south, receiving in
its course many valuable tributaries, it meets the Connecticut at
East Haddam, producing a beautiful cataract.
There is a river of
this name in Salisbury, Ct.
Sanboriitoii, N.
II.,
Strafford co., has New Hampton
and Meredith on the N.,Gilmanton
E. and S. E., Franklin S. and W.,
and is 20 miles N. from Concord,
60 N. W. from Portsmouth, and 9
W. from Gilford.
The bay between Sanbornton and
Meredith is 3 miles in width. There
are no rivers or ponds of magnitude
in this town.
Salmon Brook pond,
in the N. part, and a brook of the
same name, its outlet, are the only
ones worth mentioning. This brook
passes through the N. W. part of
the town, and affords several mill
sites.
Salmon
river, in
Maine,
is
a trib-
utary to the Penobscot, of about 30
miles in length.
Its course is S.,
and falls into the Penobscot about 4
miles below the union of the eastern and western branches of that
river.
Maine and
See PiscataIn this river, between Roqua.
chester and Lebanon, Maine, is a
fall, which, from its singularity,
Salmon Fall
river,
JVew Hampshire.
deserves notice.
The
river is conrocks, about 25
feet high, the breadth at the top of
fined
between two
Sanbornton presents an uneven
surface, but contains no mountains.
The highest hills, with one or two
exceptions, admit of cultivation.
The soil is almost universally good,
and well rewards the labor of paThere is a gulf in
tient industry.
town extending nearly a mile
through very hard rocky ground,
3S feet in depth, the walls from 80
to 100 feet asunder, and the sides
so nearly corresponding as to favor
an opinion that they were once united.
There is also a cavern in the
declivity of a hill, which may be
this
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
entered in a horizontal direction to
the distance of 20 feet. This town
was once the residence of a powerful tribe of Indians, or at least a
place where they resorted for de-
On
I'eacc.
the Winnepisiogee, at
ted township at the S. E. corner of
the county, on the line of Connec
ticut.
It is watered by a pleasant
stream, a branch of Farmington riv
er.
The soil is generally good,
particularly for pasturage. Consid-
the head of Little hay, are found
the remains of an ancient tortifica-
cble wool
It consisted of six walls, one
extending along the river, and across
a point of land into the bay, and
ned.
tion.
the others in right angles, connected by a circular wall in the
rear.
Traces of these walls are
yet to be seen, though most of the
stones, &c. of which they were
composed have been removed to the
dam thrown
place.
across the river at this
Within the
fort
have been
found numbers of Indian relics, implements, &,c., and also on an island
When the first settlers
of Sanbornton arrived, these walls
were breast high, and large oaks
were growing within their enclosure.
in the bay.
This town was settled in 1765
and 1766, by John Sanborn, David
Duston, Andrew Rowen and othIt was incorporated in 1770.
Population, 1830, 2,866.
ers.
co.
The people
of
town
are favored with mounand with crystal streams
which even the Bostonians might
Shettarack and Bald mounrelish.
this
Sandisfield
is
124 miles
W. by
from Boston, 18 S. E. by S, from
Lenox, and 38 E. from Hudson, N.
Y. Incorporated, 1762. Population,
S.
1837, 1,493.
gaudoAvu,
IV. II.}
Rockingham co., is bounded N.
by Chester and Poplin, E. by Danville, S. by Hampstead, W.
by
Chester and Londonderry. It is 31
miles S. E. from Concord, and 26
S. W\ from Portsmouth.
The surface of this town is rather uneven,
but the soil in general is well adapted to the production of grain and
Phillip's pond, lying in the
grass.
S. part of the town, is the largest,
being about 340 rods long, 200 wide.
Angle pond, in the S. E. part of
this town, is about 200 rods long,
and 90 or 100 wide. There are several other smaller ponds.
Squam-
scot river flows from Phillip's pond,
Santlgate, Vt.
Bennington
is grown in this town,
and a laige amo'int of leather tan-
tain air,
and pursues a nearly level course
1-2 miles, where another
for 1
stream unites with it from this
junction, whenever the waters are
high, the current passes back with
considerable force towards the pond.
The settlement of Sandown was
commenced about the year 1736,
by Moses Tucker, and others.
:
N. W. part of the
town Spruce and Equinox are in
Red mountain is in the
the N. E.
S. E., and Swearing hill in the S. The town was originally a part of
W. Between these elevations is Kingston, and was incorporated,
some good land, which produces 1756. Population, in 1830, 553.
tains are in the
;
;
and which, with
grass and grain
the mountain browse, affords feed
for more than 7,000 sheep.
Sandgate was chartered in 1761.
It is
20 miles N. from Bennington, and
31 S. by W. from Rutland.
Population, 1830, 933.
;
Saudisfield, Mass.
Berkshire co.
This
is
an eleva-
Saudwicli,
Strafford
miles N. N.
and about 50
co.
TH. II.
Sandwich
is
70
W. from Portsmouth,
N. from Concord. This
town was originally granted by
Gov. Benning Wentworth, in 1763,
and comprised 6 miles square.
On
the 5th Sept. 1764, upon the representation of the grantees that the
�NEW ENGLAND
N. and W. sides thereof were " so
loaded with inaccessible mountains
and shelves of rocks as to be uninhabitable" an additional grant was
made of territory on the E. and S.,
—
GAZETTEER.
New England crown glass has
been fully tested and found to be
as clear and stronger than any other now in use. Sandwich has a good
harbor, and about 20 sail of coasting
and fishing vessels.
the
called Smidwich Addition.
Sandwich mountains are a lofty range
It is proposed to unite Massachu
extending N. E. and terminating in setts and Bi'zzard's bays
by a ship
Chocorua Peak in Albany. Squam canal through this town,
the dis-
mountain, extending from Holderness through a corner of Campton
into Sandwich, is of considerable
height. There are other mountains.
The Bearcamp river, its branches
rising in the mountains N. and W.,
passes E. into Tarn worth.
The W.
tance
miles and the route
glancs at Mr. Hale's excellent map of New England, shows
most conclusively, the immense advantages to be derived by such a
work.
five
is
A
level.
Sandy Bay,
Mai»%.
branch passes through Bearcamp
pond.
There is another pond not
See Gloucester.
far distant from this, from which issues Red Hill river, passing S. into
the Winnepisiogee lake.
small
stream passes Vv. into the Pemige-
The most northern extremity of
A
wasset river.
About one
Nantucket Island, on which
light,
is
a
60 feet in height.
fourth of
Squam lake lies in the S. W. corner
of Sandwich. This is a flourishing
town with a number of mills. Thirty thousand pounds of maple sugar
was made here
1838.
Sandy Point, Mass.
in the spring of
Population, 1830, 2,744.
SaudAvicIi, Mass.
Barnstable co. This town is very pleasantly situated on the shoulder of Cape Cod, 12 miles S. W.
from Bai-nstable, 30 E. from New
Bedford, and 53 S. E. from Boston.
Incorporated, 1639.
Population,
1830,3,367; 1837, 3,579.
Sandwich is watered by a number of
streams which afford a good water
power; and by numerous ponds,
«ome of which are large, affording
a variety of excellent fish.
The
forests afford an abundance of deer,
and to the lovers of rural sports,
Sandwich and the neighboring
towns of Barnstable and Falmouth
have justly become favorite resorts.
The value of the manufactures of
the town for the year ending April
1, 1837,
amounted to $382,248.
They consisted of glass, ($300,000)
leather, nails, vessels, salt, iron castings, stoves, &c.
The value of
Sandy River, Me.
This valuable mill stream rehead waters in the county of Franklin, near Saddleback
mountain, and in a winding course
through the southern part of that
county it enters Somerset county
aud mingles with the Kennebec at
Starks, 37 miles above Augusta.
Sandy river is a fertilizing stream;
ceiver, its
it
receives a
number
of tributaries,
and waters a beautiful portion of
the state.
Its length is about 45
miles.
San ford. Me.
York
Sanford is watered by
it has a good water
power, and an establishment for the
CO.
Mousum
river;
manufacture and printing of cotton
Incorporated, 1768.
Pop-
goods.
ulation, 1837, 2,324.
S.
W. from Augusta,
from Portland, and
W, by Alfred
It is
35
is
94 miles
W.
S.
bounded
W.
S.
Sangerville, Me.
Piscataquis co.
This beautiful
and thriving town is not mountainous, but it is so elevated between
Penobscot and Kennebec rivers tha*
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the waters of its ponds meet the
ocean by both of those streams.
Sangerville is 70 miles N. W. from
Augusta, and is bounded by Dover
Incorporated, 1814.
on the W.
Population,
crop,
I.S37,
Wheat
1,115.
same year, 10,792 bushels.
tude and breadth aforesaid, to the
South Sea."
In 1635, they appointed Mr. John Winthrop, a son
of the governor of Massachusetts,
to build a fort on Connecticut river,
and appointed him governor for one
year.
In the
Saugatuck. River^ Ct.
summer
of 1639, Colonel
George Fenwick,one of the patentees, arrived from England, and in
See Westport.
honor of Lord Say and Seal, and
Saugus, Mass.
Lord Brook, gave the tract about
Essex CO. Saugus was taken from the mouth of Connecticut river, the
Lynn in 1815, and derives its name name of Saybrook. Colonel Fenfrom the Indian name of the river wick superintended the affairs of the
That colony until 1644, when, his associwhich passes through it.
river is exceedingly crooked in its ates having relinquished the design
course, and forms large tracts of of removal to America, sold tiie jumeadow. The uplands are uneven risdiction of Saybrook to the ConIt lies 10 miles S. W.
and rocky.
necticut colony.
from Salem, and 9 N. by E. from
The original limits of the town
Population, 1837, 1,123.
Boston.
extended upon the east side of the
The value of the manufactures river for several miles, and included
of Saugus, the year ending April 1, a part of the town of Lyme.
Tlfe
They township now comprises three par1837, was about $200,000.
consisted of shoes, (.$150,000) choco- ishes, viz
Saybrook, Westbrook,
late, morocco leather, snuff, cigars,
and Essex. Saybrook parish is the
:
wool cleaning, and
woolen dyeing.
bricks,
silk
and
Savoy, Mass.
Berkshire co. Savoy is an elevatownship, and gives rise to
branches of Deerfield and Hoosack
rivers.
The land is generally good,
and pastures a considerable number
of sheep.
It lies 125 miles W. N.
W. from Boston, and 20 N. N. E.
Incorporated, 1797.
from Lenox.
Population, 1837, 917.
ted
and tracts of rich
Middlesex co.
This is one of
the most ancient towns in the state.
Lord Say and Seal, Lord Brook and
other gentlemen in England, dissatisfied with the govej-nment of
Charles I., contemplating a removal
to this country, procured, in 1632,
of Robert, Earl of Warwick, a paall
the country "
which
lies
west from Narraganset river, a
hundred and twenty miles on the
sea coast; and from thence in lati-
32*
There are,
uneven and stony.
however, some extensive levels,
soil,
in the vicinity of
Saybroolc, Ct.
tent of
southeast section of the town.
The
Indian name for this place was Pattaqnasset.
West of this is Westbrook parish, which w^as called by
its Indian name Pochaiig, until OcNorth of these two
tober, 1810.
parishes is Pautapoug or Essex.
Saybrook is upwards of 7 miles
in length from north to south, and
averages more than 6 in breadth.
The greater part of the township is
Saybrook village,
particularly
southern part of the town.
of the hills, near Connecticut
river, have good granite quarries.
There are several small harbors on
the Sound, and on Connecticut river, at Saybrook point and Pautapoug. The bar at the mouth of the
in the
Some
Connecticut
is
an impediment
to
vessels of a moderate
draught are often obliged to pass it
The
with part of their cargoes.
depth of water at the bar, at spring
navigation;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Sayabout twelve feet.
brook harbor is at the mouth of a
handsome cove, making up from
Connecticut river, and extending
west almost to Saybrook village. It
is often resorted to by coasters in bad
To this place the river
weather.
is open through the winter, and it is
here that vessels are frequently
laid up, and goods deposited, while
the river is frozen over above.
Large quantities of fish are taken
in this town.
The shad fisheries
are numerous, and a source of conConnecticut rivsiderable wealth.
er shad are considered superior to
White
any other in this country.
fish are taken upon the shores of
the Sound, and are very valuable
They
for the purposes of manure.
tides, is
are afforded at a cheap rate ; the
lightest soils, enriched by them,
have produced forty bushels of rye
to the acre, and they have an equally advantageous effect upon the
growth of corn and potatoes.
Saybrook village is 40 miles S.
S. E.
New
from Hartford, 34 E. from
\V. from New
Haven, and 18
London.
Population, 1830, 5,018.
Besides the business in navigation, the fishery, ship building and
quarrying of stone, there are many
manufacturing establishments in
the several villages in this town.
Among the articles manufactured,
are augers, gimlets, hammers, steel
carriage springs, ivory and iron
combs, ink stands, sand boxes, &,c.
The Borough of Essex is about
7 miles from the mouth of Connecticut river, on the west side.
It is
a place of considerable commerce,
navigation and ship building, with
a population of about 1,000.
Ship building was commenced in
1740, on the Pochaug, and is still
a leading branch of business in the
place.
There are at present about
15 vessels owned here, principally
coasters.
It is estimated that there
are 1,200 inhabitants in its limits.
Saybrook point is a peninsula,
circular in its form, and connected
with the main land by a narrow
neck, over which the tide sometimes flows.
From this place to
the fort, on the eastern extremity
of the peninsula, the distance is
about one mile.
On the neck, a
palisado was anciently formed from
the river to the cove, to secure Saybrook point from any sudden incurIndians.
The soil oa
is light and sandy,
elevation of the highest
sion of the
the
peninsula
and the
Being
is about twenty feet.
nearly destitute of trees and shrubbery, it presents to the beholder a
bleak and naked aspect.
The land on the point was laid
out with care, as it was expected to
part
become the residence
of great
men,
and the centre of great business
and wealth.
It is said that Oliver
Cromwell, with other men then
equally distinguished, actually em-
barked in the Thames, to occupy
this ground.
Westward of the fort
a square was laid out, on which it
was intended houses should be erected for Cromwell, Pymm, Hasselrig,
and Hampden, the most illustrious
Commoners in the English annals,
who were expected from Europe ;
while a square still further west
was reserved for public uses.
About half way between the
palisado was erected the first building
designed
scliool, since
for
the
collegiate
named Yale
College.
This institution was founded in 1700,
and remained at Saybrook 17 years.
The building was one story in height,
and about eighty feet in length.
Some remains of the cellar, " over
which the ploughshare has passed,"
are
still
Fifteen
visible.
com-
mencements were held at Saybrook.
More than sixty young men were
graduated, most
the ministry, and
came characters
usefulness and
educate young
of
whom
entered
some of them be-
of distinguished
To
excellence.
men of piety and
ministry, was the
the
leading design of this institution.
It was desired by the founders and
talents for
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
others, that
have
the
churches should
a public standard or confession
of faith, agreeable to which the instruction of the college should be
conducted.
This led to the adoption of the Sayhrook Platform,
after the commencement iu 170S.
David Gardiner, was the first
white child born in Connecticut.
The following was written upon a
blank leaf of an old bible, in possgssion of John G. Gardiner, Esqr.,
of Gardiner's Island, N. Y.
" In the ye-AY of our Lord, 1635,
the 10th of July, came I, Lion Gardiner and Mary my wife from Wor-
den, a town in Holland, where my
wife was born, being the daughter
of one Diricke Willemson deureant
her mother's name was Hachir,
and her aunt, sister of her mother,
was the wife of Wouter Leanerdson, old burger Muster, dwelling
in the hostrade, over against the
Bruser in the Unicorne's head ; her
brother's name was Punce GarretWe
son, also old burger Muster.
came from Worden to London, and
from thence to New England, and
dwelt at Saybrook fort four years
it is at the mouth of Connecticut
— of
which I was commander,
and there was boi-n unto me a son,
river
named David,
1635, the 29th of
born in that place,
and 1638 a daughter was born,
named Mary, SOth of August, and
then I went to an island oi^ my own,
which I had bought and purchased
April, the
first
of the Indians, called by them Monchonack, by us Isle of "Wight, and
there was born another daughter,
named Elizabeth, the 14th September, 1641, she being the first child
of English parents that was born
there."
Saybrook is a very pleasant town,
and full of interesting associations.
S&xtou's River, Vt.,
Is formed in Grafton, Windham
county, traverses an eastern course
about 10 miles, and falls into the
Connecticut at Rockingham.
It
an excellent mill stream, and
derived its name from a Mr. Saxton, who was drowned near its
is
mouth.
Scantic River, Ct«
See East Windsor.
Scarborougli, Me.
Cumberland co. This town lies
105 miles N. E. from Boston, and
W. from Augusta. It con30,634 acres of land, and a
population of 2,244.
part of this town, called Black
point, lying upon the sea, was
granted by the council of Plymouth to Thomas Cammock, in 1631
this was soon after settled, and became of considerable importance on
the coast in the fisheries and trade.
The land is held under that ancient
grant at the present day. Another
settlement was early made by a
family of Algers, from England,
near the centre of the town, and
60 S.
tains
A
Duastan corner, which name
This was wholly debears.
stroyed in the Indian war of 1675.
It was, however, revived by a de-
called
it still
scendant in the female line, through
whom that race is still perpetuated.
Scarborough is principally an agricultural town, for which purpose
it furnishes some rich soil, and has
a large quantity of salt marsh.
Ship building, however, continues
to be pursued here, although not to
Nouthe extent it formerly was.
suck river passes through the whole
Its present
length of the town.
name was given to it in 1658, when
it submitted to the government of
JNIassachusetts ; previously the eastern side of the river and Marsh
was called Black point, and the
western. Blue point, names which
are still in familiar use.
This town has the honor of being
the birth place of the distinguished
statesman Rufus King, and his
King,
half brother,
the first governor of Maine.
William
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Sclioodic IJakes, Me.
These are large collections of
water, of very irregular form, united together, by boatable passages,
lying principally in Washington
county, but extending west into the
Their outcounty of Penobscot.
let is by a large stream of the same
name, into the river Saint Croix,
on the west side, of about 9 miles
These lakes cover a
in length.
large surface, they are navigable for large boats, and their borders, and indeed the whole country
around them, are densely wooded.
Vast quantities of timber and lumber descend from these watei-s to the
St. Andrews, Eastport and Lubec
markets, on the Passamaquoddy.
Scitiiate,
Plymouth
North
This town, the
co.
Indian Satuit,
Mass.
lies at
the
mouth
of
Massachusetts bay,
and has a convenient harbor,defended by rocky clifts, and Ceader
Point, on which is a Light house.
The JVorth River rises near the
sources of the Taunton.
It passes
Pembroke, Hanover and Marshthe tide water
field, and meets
here. Tliis river is very deep, narrow and crooked, and is noted for
the fine ships built on its banks.
The manufactures of Scituate conriver, in
of leather, boots, shoes, tacks,
vessels, &.c.
The value of vessels
annually built is about $40,000.
Scituate is 17 miles S. E. by S*
from Boston and 20 N. W. by N.
from Plymouth. First settled, 1633,
Population,
Incorporated,
1637.
1830, 3,470 1837, 3,754.
The first settled minister in this
town was the Rev. Charles
;
Chaujvcy.
He remained here
twelve years previous to his becoming the second president of Harvard College.
Rev. Thomas Clapp, president
of Yale College, was born in this
He graduated at
town, in 1703.
Harvard College in 1722, and died
in 1767.
Scituate, R.
Providence co. This town was
of Providence until 1731,
a part
when it was incorporated. It lies
12 miles W. by S. from Providence,
and, in 1830, had 3,394 inhabitants.
The surface of the town is diversiin the
fied by hills and valleys
north part of the town the soil is a
gravelly loam, better adapted to
Pawtuxet
grazing than tillage.
river with several of its branches
give Scituate a good water power,
and large manufactories, particularly of cotton and wool are found on
There is a valuable
their banks.
quarry of free-stone in the western
part of the town.
:
gealbrook) N. H.j
sist
These vessels are of superior mechanism, and are built of native
white oak, remarkable for its durability.
sels
There are
belonging
a
number
to this
of ves-
town employ-
in the merchant service and
coasting trade.
During the year
ending April 1, 1837, Scituate had
22 vessels engaged in the fishery
they took 6,500 barrels of mackerel, valued at $46,000.
The town extends back from the
bay a considerable distance it contains large tracts of salt meadow and
some valuable upland.
ed
:
;
1.
Rockingham
co., is situated at the
E. corner of the state, 17 miles
S. S. W. from Portsmouth, and 7
S.
N. from Newburyport, bounded N.
by Hampton Falls, E. by the Atlantic, 3. by Massachusetts, W. by
South Hampton and Kensington. It
was formerly a part of Hampton
Falls, and was granted, 1768, to Jonathan Weare and others. Settlements
commenced here in 1638. The rivers are Black,
Many
Brown's and Walton's
of the rivulets abound
This town
with bog ore of iron.
derives its name from the number
of rivers and rivulets meandering
through it. Whale-boat building is
rivers.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
most important manufacture,
and is carried on to a greater extent
than in any other town in New EngThe larger part of the male
land.
inhabitants are mechanics and seamen. Perhaps no town in the state
is better situated for carrying on
the Bay and Labrador fisheries than
Seliago,
the
this.
Population, in 1S30, 1,096.
geaconuet Rocks, R.
Searsburgli, Vt.
Searsburgh is
Bennington co.
too elevated on the Green Mounpopulation, or wool growing. It has 40 inIt is 11
habitants, and 41 sheep.
miles E. from Bennington.
tains either for cultivation,
Searsmont, Me«
Waldo
Searsmonthas a good
CO.
and some beautiful ponds. It
is a pleasant and flourishing town,
30 miles E. from Augusta, and 12
Population,
S. W. from Belfast.
soil,
Wheat crop, same
1837, 1,392.
year, 2,792 bushels.
Me.
This town was incorporated in 1838, and comprises a
part of the island and town of
Mount Desert, and Bartlett's, Robinson's, Hardwood and other smaller islands on the coast.
Hancock
co.
Sebago
Cumberland
Ijake,
Me.
This is a beauful sheet of water, about 12 miles in
length, and of various breadths. The
widest part is across from Baldwin
It reto Raymond, about 7 miles.
ceives the waters of Long and several other ponds, and of Crooked
river, at and from the north. It discharges into Casco bay, at Falmouth, by the Presumpscot. The
Cumberland and Oxford canal, completed in 1829, passes from this lake
to Portland, and is the channel of
co.
considerable inland trade.
Cumberland co. This town lies
between Sebago lake and Hancock
pond, and was taken from Baldwin
in 1S26.
It lies 87 miles S. W. by
W. from Augusta, and 30 N. W.
from Portland.
It has a good soil
and is watered by small streams.
Population, 1837, 646.
I.,
Or Point. See Little Compion.
Seaville,
Me.
Sebasticook Ri-rer, Me.
This valuable mill stream rises
in Sangerville, Dover and Dexter,
on the border of Penobscot and
Piscataquis counties; it passes S.
E. and S. through Ripley, Harmo-
ny, Hartland and Palmyra to Chandlerville it then runsS. W. through
Burnham and falls into the Kennebec between Clinton and Winslow,
opposite to Waterville. This stream
receives several tributaries ; it is
about 50 miles in length; it has num.erous falls and passes through a
delightful country.
;
Sebec, Me.
Sebec is a townPiscataquis co.
ship of good soil, and is well watered by
Sebec
Sebec Pond and
river,
outlet,
into the
its
which empties
Piscataquis, on the north side, in
This town lies
the town of Milo.
87 miles N. N. E. from Augusta,
Inand 9 N. N. E. from Dover.
corporated, 1812. Population, 1837,
987. Wheat crop, same year, 7,650
bushels.
Sebec Pond lies in the towns of
Sebec, Foxcroft and Bowerbank it
about 10 miles long, and about a
mile average breadth.
Its outlet is
a good mill stream of about 10 miles
in length.
The country around
these waters is fertile and heavily
timbered, and the scenery pictui*esque and beautiful.
:
is
Seboois Ijakes
and River, Me.
SeJboois Lakes are connected
sheets of water, of irregular form,
of about 15 miles in length, varying
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
width from half a mile to a mile
They lay near the
and a half.
Aroostook and constitute the head
waters of the eastern branch of PeSeboois River is
nobscot river.
their outlet. See Penobscot River.
eastern direction, about 35 miles,
afTording mill privileges to the towns
of Kingfield and
Portland,
in
New
and mingles with the Kennebec at
Anson, 40 miles N. E. from Augusta.
Seymour Lake,
Sedgwick, Me.
Hancock
Sedgwick
on
the west side of Blue Hill bay, 87
miles E. from Augusta, and about
25 S. by W, from Ellsworth. Incorporated, 1789. Population, 1837,
This town has good harbors
1,784.
and enjoys great privileges for navco.
Bennington co. This town lies
between the Battenkill and Walloomsac, and gives
some
;
Seekoulc, Mass.
watered
by Seekonk, or Pawtucket river,
also by Ten mile river, a good mill
SliapleigSi,
stream.
It lies 41 miles S. from
Boston, 4 E. by N, from Providence, R. I., and 14 S. W. from
Me.
York CO. Between Shapleigh and
Acton are some pleasant ponds, the
source of Mousum river which empties into the sea at Kennebunk.
A
bed of rich bog iron ore has recent-
Taunton. It was taken from Rehoboth in 1812. Population, 1837,
2,016. There are three cotton mills
in the town, which constitute the
principal manufactures; the annual value of which is about ^80,000.
ly
been discovered
in
the town,
which promises great usefulness.
The surface of the town is generand the soil favorable for
the growth of wool, grass, wheat
Here are iron
and other grain.
works and other manufactures.
Shapleigh was incorporated, 1785.
ally level,
Seven Mile Bi^ook, Me.
;
those rivers
Populafion, 1830, 2,143.
Among
the first settlers was the Hon. Jonas Galusha, late governor of
the state.
He was a captain in the
militia in 1777, and commanded a
company of the " Green mountain
boys," at the battle of Bennington.
Although the surface of Shaftsbury is elevated, the soil is generally of an excellent quality it feeds
12,000 sheep, and its products of
beef cattle and of the dairy are
considerable.
There are valuable
beds of iron ore in the town, pine
timber and quarries of beautiful
marble.
It has a number of manufacturing concerns on its small
streams, a pleasant village and a
school fund of $10,000,
New
This stream rises by several
branches in the counties of Somerset and Franklin it runs in a south-
to
West mountain
in this town and Arlington.
Shaftsbury lies 97 miles S. S. W.
from Montpelier, and 8 N. from
First settled, 1763.
Bennington.
business.
The soil of the town is
not so productive as that more distant from the sea, still it is abundantly able to supply its own people
with bread stuffs and all the varieties of fruits and vegetables comEngland climate.
mon to a
This town was named in honor
of Theodore Sedgwick, an eminent statesman and jurist, a senator
to Congress, and for many years a
judge of the supreme court of Massachusetts.
He died at Boston in
1813, aged QG, highly valued by his
friends and country.
is
tributaries.
lies
ing trade and fishery, and ship
building is an important branch of
This town
Vt.
Sliaftslt>ury,
igation.
A number of vessels are
owned here employed in the coast-
Bristol CO.
"Vt.
See Charleston.
lies
|
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Population, 1837, 1,517.
It is 103
miles S. W. trom Augusta, and 6
N. W. from Alfred.
Sliarou, N. H.,
Hillsborough co., is bounded N. by
Peterborough, E. by Temple, S. by
New Ipswich and Rindge, and W.
by JafFrey.
It is
18 miles
W. by
S.
and 24 N. by E. from Providence,
R. I. Population, 1837, 1,093.
Sliaron, Ct.
Litchfield co.
Sharon lies on the
west side of Housatonick river,
opposite to Cornwall.
The eastern
part of the town is elevated, mountainous, and stony, but is suited for
grazing: the western part, which
borders on the state of
York,
is a fertile tract of undulating land,
and very productive of all sorts of
grain.
Agriculture is the chief
business of the inhabitants they
from Amherst, and 48 S. S.W. from
Concord. The streams in Sharon are
New
small branches of Contoocook river, and rise near the S. E. corner of
the town.
Boundary mountain lies
on the line between this town and
Temple, and has an elevation of provide for about 10,000 sheep.
200 feet above the surrounding Population 1830, 2,615.
country.
Sharon was first settled in 1739.
Sharon was incorporated,
:
1791.
Population, in 1830, 271.
co.
White
village
on one
Sliaroii, Vt.
Windsor
The
river passes
through Sharon and affords it an
abundant water power. Here are
mills for the manufacture of woolen goods, paper and other articles.
It contains a handsome and flourishing village.
The surface of the
is broken, but the soil is warm
and productive.
It keeps about
5,000 sheep.
Sharon was first settled in 1763.
Population, 1330,
It lies 22 miles N. from
1,459.
Windsor, and 34 S, by E. from
town
Montpelier.
Sliarou, Mass.
CO.
Mashapoag pond in
town is one of the sources of
Neponset i-iver. Sharon has a good
water power one woolen and two
cotton mill^^.
There are also man-
Norfolk
this
;
ufactures of axes, bed-steads, straw
bonnets, leather, boots, shoes, wool
cards, machinery, joiners' gages,
&c. annual value, about .$75,000.
Sharon is a very pleasant town the
scenery around Mashapoag, the Indian name of the place, i-> highly
pleasing.
There is good fishing in
this pond. This town was incorporated, in 1765.
It is 18 miles S. S.
W. from Boston, 8 S. from Dedham,
:
;
is
situated principally
on the eastern side of
a beautiful valley, IG miles W. N.
W. from Litchfield, and 47 W. by
N. from Hartford. There is a beautiful village called " Hitchcock's
Corner," partly in Sharon and partstreet,
ly in the state of
New
York
:
this
situated in a beautiful valley,
and rich in agricultural resources.
" Considerable numbers of the
Indians resided in the western and
northwestern parts of the town,
v/hich are watered by two large
ponds, and by the Ten Mile river,
which touches the western borders of the town.
Their principal
village was on the east side of the
Indian j)ond, so called, which is a
body of water lying partly in the
state of
York, and partly in
Connecticut.
On a romantic and
beautiful plain, lying between this
pond on the v/est, and the Indian
Mountain, on the east, was a numerous village, where the natives
continued to reside for many years
after the whites came into the town.
This tribe was visited by the Moravian missionaries, and one of them
He
died and was buried there.
died in 1749, and a plain stone was
placed over his grave, with the following inscription
" David Bruce of Edinburgh in
also
is
New
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Scotland, Minister of The Brethren's Church among the Indians.
Depart'd 1749."
This town took an active part in
favor of the liberties of the country-
" The approach of a large British
array from Canada, under General
Burgoyne, and the expedition up
the North River, under General
Vaughan, in 1777, filled the whole
country with terror and despondency, and created strong fears and
doubts as to the issue of the controversy
the firmness and confidence of Parson Smith, however,
remained unbroken, and his efforts
to revive the drooping spirits of his
Dcople were unremitted.
In the
jnonth of October, he preached a
sermon from these words " Watch:
:
man, what of the
Watchman
eth."
night.'
The
morning Comdiscourse he dwelt
saith, the
In this
much upon
the indications, which
the dealings of Providence afforded, that a bright and glorious morn-
ing was about to dawn upon a long
night of defeat and disaster. He
told the congregation, that he believed they would soon hear of a
crowning the arms of
and he exhorted them to
trust with an unshaken and fearless
confidence in that God, who, he
believed, would yet crown with
success the efforts of the friends of
liberty in this country.
Before the
congregation was dismissed, a messenger arrived, with the intelligence of the surrender of Burgoyne's army. Par'on Smith read
the letter, conveying the intelligence, from the pulpit, and a flood
of joy and gratitude burst from the
congregation."
signal victory
America
;
SliaAvsJh.eeu
River, MasSt
This river rises in Lexington and
It passes Billerica, Wilmington and Tukesbury, and falls
Bedford.
into the
Merrimack,
20 miles N. by
W.
at
Andover,
from Boston.
Slieepscot River
and Bay, Me.
The head waters
of this river
are derived from ponds in Palermo.
Its course is south through the towns
of Whitefield and Alna.
It meets
the tide water between Wiscasset
and
Castle, and proceeds to a
bay of the same name. The length
of the river from its source to the
bay is about 35 miles.
This river
is valuable on
account of its hydraulic power and navigable facili-
New
ties.
Shecpscot Bay sets up from the
sea between Boothbay and Georgetown, and receives the waters of
the river.
It is about 3 miles wide
at its mouth, and extends about 10
miles north.
The whole of these
waters are often called " Sheepscot
River."
The mouth of this bay
or river bears about N. E., 6 miles,
from Seguin Light, at the mouth
of Kennebec river.
Slieliielcl,
Vt.
Caledonia co.
This town is 35
miles N. E. from Montpelier, and
16 N. from Danville.
First settled,
1792.
Population, 1830, 720.
This town lies on the height of
land between Connecticut river
and Memphremagog lake. Branches of Passurapsic and Barton rivers
both rise here.
It is watered by
several ponds.
The lands are generally broken and not very productive.
SlieiSeld, Mass.
Berkshire co.
This
is
a
very
pleasant town, on both sides of the
Housatonick. The river meanders
circuitously and slowly through the
town, and forms large tracts of rich
In large freshalluvial meadow.
ets the river overflows its banks to
a great extent, and forms the appearance of a large lake. The village is neat; situated in a beautiful valley, surrounded by hills, one
of which is 3,000 feet in height,
and presents a great variety of de-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER
lightful scenery.
ufactures in the
There are mantown of leather,
hats, ploughs, and spirits, but the
principal business of the people is
In 1837, there were
agricultural.
6,892 sheep sheared in the town
:
the value of the wool amounted to
Marble andiron ore are
$11,372.
abundant.
is the oldest town in the
was incorporated in 1733.
Sheffield
county
It lies
20
S.
:
it
140 miles S. W. from Boston,
from Lenox, and 28 E. from
Hudson, N. Y.
Population, 1837,
2,308.
Slieltouriie,
war by men of those names. During the war these settlements were
abandoned, but re-established at its
Shelburn is finely watered
Piatt river, a pond covering 600
acres, and by the waters of the lake.
Shelburn Bay sets into the township about 4 miles from the N. W.,
and affords the town a good harbor,
and a depot of the interior trade on
The soil
the beautiful Champlain.
of the town is strong, fertile, and
close.
by
generally w^ell improved. About
10,000 sheep are within its limits.
Sliellbiime, Mass.
N. H.
Androscoggin river
passes through the centre of this
town, into which fall the waters
of Rattle river and some smaller
streams.
The soil on each bank of
the river is very good, producing
but
in abundance grain and grass
Coos
settled previous to the revolutionary-
Franklin
CO.
:
the
N.
co.
This town
side of Deerfield
lies
on
river op-
Conway.
It is 100 miles
from Boston, and 5 W.
from Greenfield. Population, 1837,
posite to
W. by N.
1,018.
Deertown a dis-
Incorporated, 1768.
field river falls
in this
we rise from the river, the tracts
are mountainous and unfit for cultivation.
Mount Moriah, an elevated peak
of the White Mountains, lies in the
Moses'
Shelburne.
S. part of
Rock, so called from the first man
palm-leaf
boots, shoes, scythes,
annual value about
hats, &c.
$40,000. The soil of the town is
known
generally of a good quality
as
to
have ascended
it,
(Moses
Ingalls) is on the south side of the
river, near the centre of the town.
It is about 60 feet high and 90 long,
very smooth, and rising in an angle
In 1778, David and
of nearly 50°.
Benjamin Ingalls commenced a settlement at Shelburne, and not long
afterwards, several families were
In August, 1781, a party
added.
of Indians visited this town, killed
one man, made another prisoner,
plundered the houses, and returned
to Canada in savage triumph. This
town was incorporated in 1820.
Population, 1830, 312.
Slielbrirn, Vt.
Chittenden
of
co.
On
the east side
Lake Champlain,33 miles W. by
N. from Montpelier, and 7 S. from
Burlington. Population, 1830, 1,123.
Logan's and Potter's points were
33
tance of 20 feet, and produces a valuable water power.
The manufactures of the town
consist of
woolen
goods, leather,
:
siderable wool
is
;
con-
grown, and some
and products of the dairy are
sent to market. More than common
attention is paid to mental culture.
This is a pleasant and flourishing
town the scenery about the falls
cattle
:
is
very handsome.
Slieldon, Vt.
Franklin co.
The
first
settle-
ments commenced here in 1790, by
Elisha and Samuel B. Sheldon, from
This is a
Salisbury, Connecticut.
good township of land, productive
of wool, grain, and other northern
commodities. The river Missisque
passes through the town, and Black
creek, a branch of that river, gives
Sheldon an ample water power.
The village is a thriving place, both
It
in its manufactures and trade.
lies 46 miles N. W. from Montpe-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
32 N. by E. from Burlington,
and 10 N. N. E. from St. Albans.
lier,
Population, 1S30, 1,427.
A
of grass and grain.
branch of the Housatonick waters
Iron ore is fourwl here.
the town.
ductive
Sliepaii^ River, Ct.
Slietvicket River, Ct.
This river rises in Goshen, in the
it receives
county of Litchfield
several branches, and passes south,
through the towns of Washington
and Roxbury, and falls into the
Housatonick at Southbury. This is
a good mill stream, in some parts
rapid, in others gentle and fertiliz-
This fine mill stream receives its
head waters by several branches in
the counties of Windham and Tolland.
It passes between Lisbon
and Franklin and uniting with the
ing.
mantic.
;
Quinnebaug at Norwich, flows inIts principal branto the Thames.
ches are the Natchaug and Willi-
Slierlmrne, Vt.
Rutland
co,
Sliirley,
Killington Peak,
3,924 feet in height, several ponds,
and Thundering brook, with a handsome fall, lie in this town. Queechy
river rises in this town, and along
its banks is some good land; but the
lands are generally too elevated
even for pasturage. Sherburne was
It lies 22 miles
first settled in 1735.
N. W. from Windsor, and 10 E. from
Rutland. Population, 1830, 452.
SlicrljiiriiCj
Middlesex
co.
Mass.
This town
is
vva-
tered by Charles and Sudbury rivers.
It is IS miles S. W. by W.
from Boston, and 15 S. from ConPopulation, 1837, 1,037. Incord.
The soil of Shercorporated, 1674.
burne is very good and productive.
The village is on elevated land ; it
is pleasant,and commands good prospects.
The manufactures of the
town consist of straw bonnets, boots,
shoes, leather, axes, forks, ploughs,
muskets and whips annual value,
:
about $60,000.
Slievmaii, Ct.
Fairfield co.
Sherman was
merly the north part of
field, and
for-
New Fair-
incorporated in 1802. Pop947.
It is 60 miles S.
W. from Hartford, 13 N. from Danbury, and bounded W. by the state
There is a variety
of New York.
of soils in the town, but they are
generally strong, warm, and proulation,
IHW,
Me.
Piscataquis CO. This town was incorporated in 1834.
It was formerly No. 3 in the 4th range of the
Bingham Purchase.
It is
watered
by the higher branches of Piscataquis river, and lies about 76 miles
N. by E. from Augusta. Population, 1837, 213.
Siiirley,
Mass.
This is a very
pleasant agricultural and manufacturing town, 32 miles N. W. from
Boston, 16 N. W. from Concord,
and IS S. W. from Lowell. There
are some elevations in the town, but
of warm and fertile soil. There are
Middlesex
co.
large tracts of intervale land along
the streams, which are very fertile
and valuable.
Shirley is separated from Groton by
Nashua
river,
and from Pepperell
the Squanicook, a branch of the
Nashua. These streams afford Shirley a fine water power, which renders it an excellent location for manThere
ufacturing establishments.
are 1 woolen and 3 cotton mills in the
town, and manufactures of boots,
shoes, paper, leather, palm-leaf hats,
&c. Annual value, about $125,Population, 1837, 967.
000.
b\'
Slioreliain, "Vt.
This town lies on
Lake Champlain,
and is watered by Lemonfair river,
a o-ood mill stream.
It is 12 miles
Addison
co.
the east side of
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
S.
W. from Middlebury, and 26 N.
from Whitehall, N. Y. The lake
Popuhere is about a mile wide.
consist of clothing, guns, hats,
chairs, straw bonnets, leather, boots,
shoes, &c: the value of which, dur-
lation, 1830, 2,137, The surface of
the town is level and the soil remarkably good. This is one of the
best farming towns in the state. In
1837, there was 26,534 sheep in
ing the year ending April 1, 1837,
was $211,287. The town was incorporated, 1727. Population, 1830,
1,386; 1837, 1,507.
Levi Pease, the father of mail
stages in this country, was a native
of this town. He died here in 1824,
Shoreham. There are some manufactures in the town, and a pleasant
and flourishing village on the banks
of the lake.
Most of the waters
here are impregnated with Epsom
salts.
See Bridport.
Shoreham
was
first
settled
in
1766, by a number of persons who
adopted the plan of holding all things
This mode of holding
in common.
property was, however, relinquished about the time of the revolutionary war.
Shrewsbury, Vt.
Rutland co. This town lies 22
miles W. from Windsor and 9 S.
Population, in
E. from Rutland.
This is a mountainous
1830,1,289.
township, having Shrewsbury Peak
within its limits, a summit 4,034 feet
above the sea. Mill and Cold rivers and Peal's and Ashley's Ponds
water the town, and fall into Otter
There is some good land
mountain town, and between
three and four thousand sheep graze
on its surface.
Creek.
in this
SlireAVslbiiry,
Worcester
co.
Mass.
This
is
an agri-
cultural town of a pleasing variety
of surface, and good soil, 36 miles
W. by S. from Boston and 6 E. from
Worcester. Quinsigamond or Long
Pond lies principally in this town.
It is nearly four miles in length and
from 40 to 250 rods in width. It
empties into the Blackstone river
and canal, and produces a considerable hydraulic power.
floating
bridge crosses this pond for the accommodation of the Worcester turnpike, 525 feet in length, built in
1818, and cost $6,000.
The manufactures of Shrewsbury
A
Mr. Pease was a man of
great enterprise
he projected the
first turnpike road in
England,
and to his zeal and sacrifices the
public is more indebted than to any
other man for its excellent mail establishment.
At the time Mr.
Pease started his first line of mail
stages between Boston and
York, in 1784, the mail betv.'een
those places passed only once a fortnight, on horseback, in a pair of
saddlebags.
aged SG.
;
New
New
Sliutesbury, Mass.
This town is on high land, 10
miles E. from Connecticut river, 9
N. by E. from Amherst, 16 S. S.E.
from Greenfield, and 78 W. by N.
from Boston.
Incorporated, 1761.
Population, 1837,816. Copper ore,
and soapstone, are found here. On
Swift river are three shingle mills
and a wheel factory. There is a
mineral spring of some note in this
town, containing, in solution, iron,
sulphur, &c.
There is also a pond,
covering about 700 acres, with an
abundance of fine fish.
Ephraim Pratt lived in this town
many years, and died here in 1804,
aged 116 years. He married at
the age of 21, and could count 1,500
descendants.
He was a very temperate man, so much so that for 40
years he took no animal food.
He
was a farmer, and his health was so
uniformly good that he was able to
mow a good swath 101 years in succession.
He was born at Sudbury,
1687.
Siduey, Me.
Kennebec
co.
Sidnev
is
vprv
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
pleasantly situated on the west side
of Kennebec river, and watered by
a large and beautiful pond lying in
town and Belgrade. It is
bounded N. by Waterville, and is
12 miles N. from Augusta.
Incorthis
porated, 1792.
2,346.
Wheat
6,569 bushels.
Population,
crop,
1837,
same year,
Hartford co.
direction.
The
of
of
territory
town was formerly
a part
:
1830,2,221.
Tariffville, a flourishing village,
situated at the northeastern ex-
tremity of this town, on the west
bank of the Farmington river,which
at this place passes south, at the
base of a range of mountains, which
divides this part of the State from
the great valley of Connecticut
river.
This place is a carpet manufacturing village, owned principally by a company called the " New
England Carpet Company ;" they
employ 175 hands, and manufacture
yearly about 132,000 yards of carpeting.
This flourishing village is
between three and four miles south
of Simsbury mines, in Granby,near
the New Haven and Northampton
canal, and 12 miles N.W. from Hart-
local
situation of
admirable
This is the most northern and
eastern branch of the Matawamkeag.
Skootum
Tiake, Hie*
sheet of water of considerable
the outlet of which passes
through Kilmarnock.
water
fertility of
low Norridgewock and 33 N. from
Augusta. Population, 1830,1,006;
1837, 1,433.
Slaterville,
R.
I.
We regret to state that no account of the manufactures of this
interesting manufacturing village
has been received. See Smithfield.
Small, Cape, Me.
The
eastern boundary of Casco
Bay.
Smitkiield, R.
Skitticook River, Me.
A
its
the adjacent country, united with the enterprise of its inhabitants, has rendered the place, but recently a wilderness, one of the best cultivated
townships in the state, the site of
a great number of mills, and a mart
of an extensive trade. There is much
delightful scenery about Skowhegan : the village is neatly built, and
its beauty is much enhanced by the
whiteness of the houses contrasted
with the blue and green of the rivBetween Skower and its banks.
hegan and Bloomfield is a small island in the river. Across this island are noble bridges uniting the
towns. This place lies 5 miles be-
ford.
size,
The
power, and the
Windsor: its Indian name was Jl/assacoe, and was incorporated in 1670.
The surface of the town is greatly
diversified by hills and valleys
a
range of mountains pass through
the town, and there is some level
and good land within its limits
on Farmington river. Population,
is
:
Skowhegan,
Sims'biivy, Ct.
this
Skowliegan, Me.
Somerset co. This town was formerly called Milburn
it took the
Indian name of the place in 1836.
It is situated on the N. side of Kennebec river, at Skowhegan Falls.
The river runs here in an eastern
T.
Providence co.
This is a large
town, containing an area of about
10 by 6 miles, and a great variety
of surface and soil.
Smithfield has generally an undulating surface, presenting an
agreeable diversity of moderate eminences and gentle declivities; but
some sections it
rough and broken.
in
is
considerably
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The manufacture of lime is an
important and extensive business,
and affords employment to a great
number
of persons.
There is also
a quarry of white stone at what is
called Woonsocket hill, that sustains heat remarkably well, which
renders
hearths.
it
very valuable for furnace
About two miles distant
from this, there is a quarry, containing excellent whetstones, for edge
tools.
steep descent of its shores.
Cases have occurred, of persons
being drowned in attempting to
water their horses at this pond.
There is a remarkable fall of water upon the Blackstone river, called Woonsocket falls, which is con-
the
sidered as quite a curiosity.
The
fall is aboiit 20 feet, not perpendicular, but over a precipice of r^cKS
for some distance.
The fall of the
water upon these rocks through a
succession of ages, has occasioned
numerous excavations, all of which
are smooth and circular, and some
of them very large, being sufficient
to contain several hogsheads.
The beautiful village of Woonsocket is situated at these falls, on
the line of Cumberland ; the river
dividing the towns, and the village
The soil is a gravelly and sandy
loam, with some sections of a calcareous loam.
It is generally rich
and fertile, although in some places
it has been reduced by an exhausting system of cultivation.
There
are, however, some low and marshy
tracts, which are generally appropriated to mowing, and afford good
crops of grass.
Tlie agricultural into nearly equal parts.
In this
productions consist of the various village are 15 cotton and 2 satinet
articles common to the climate
factories, a large furnace, machine
Indian corn, rye, wheat, barley, shops, sash factory, &c. The Blackoats, potatoes,
flax, beef, pork,
stone canal passes through this
butter, cheese, apples, cider and village, and it is in contemplation
hay.
to construct a rail road to meet the
The waters of the town consist Boston and Providence rail road,
of the Blackstone, which washes either at Providence or at Dedham,
its northeastern border, and a branch
Mass.
This village is indeed a
of this river, nearly of equal size, beautiful place, and exceedingly
which intersects the town, dis- flourishing. It is 14 miles N. N.
charging its waters into the former, W. from Providence.
in the northern section of the town.
Slaterville is another beautiful
After the union of these streams, village in this town, on Branch
the Blackstone is from one to two river, about 2 miles W. from Woonhundred feet in width. At some socket.
seasons of the year, it overflows its
Smithfield is a large manufacturbanks, and has been known to rise ing town, containing many other
from 15 to 20 feet above its usual pleasant villages, almost exclusiveheight.
Besides these, there are ly devoted to manufacturing ob- *
numerous small streams, some of jects. The centre of the town lies
which afford valuable sites for mills 9 miles N. W. from Providence.
and manufacturing establishments, Incorporated, 1730. Population, in
which are mostly occupied.
In 1830, 6,857.
the south part of the town, within
Smith's River, Jf. H.
about 4 miles from Providence,
Grafton co. This river rises from
there is a considerable body of waseveral ponds in Grafton and Orter, called Scots Pond.
It is nearly a mile in length, about half a ange, and after pursuing a winding,
mile in width, and of great depth. but generally an east course, of
What is remarkable in this pond, is from 12 to 18 miles, through Dan-
33*
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
bury and Alexandria, falls into the
Pemigewasset, between Bristol and
population, in
cent.
Hill.
The present county of Somerset
bounded N. by Lower Canada, E.
by Piscataquis and a part of Penobscot counties, S. by the counties of
Kennebec and Franklin, and W. by
Franklin county and Lower Canis
Solon, Me.
Somerset CO. Solon is a flourishing farming town, on the east side
of Kennebec river, opposite to
F-mbden.
It lies 44 miles N. by
W. Irom Augusta, and 18 N. fiom
Norridgewock.
Population, 1830,
Wheat crop,
768; 1837, 1,129.
The town is
1837, 6,567 bushels.
well watered by a pond and several
streams it has a pleasant village,
and some manufactures.
:
Somcrsj
Ct.
Tolland co.
This town lies 22
miles N. E. from Hartford, 10 N.
by W. from Tolland, and 12 S. E.
from Springfield, Mass.
tled, 1713.
It
seven years, 22 per
First set-
was incorporated by
Massachusetts in 1734, and named
in honor of Lord Somers, at the request of Governor Belcher.
Part of the town is level, and
productive of grass and grain, and
part is quite elevated, producing
good pasturage for sheep, and presenting delightful views of the valley of Connecticut river. It is wa-
tered by Scantic river.
Somei-s has a very neat village,
in which is a large establishment
for the manufacture of straw bonnets.
Population, 1830, 1,429.
Somerset County, Me.
J\rorridg€wock, chief town.
Previous to the formation of Piscataquis and Franklin counties, in
1838, for which purpose a considerable portion of Somerset was taken,
this county contained an area of
about 8,785 square miles.
Incorporated, 1809.
About one third of
this territory may be said to be setincorporated or granted, the
residue, a wilderness.
Its population, in 1820, was 21,787;
18.30,
tled,
33,588; 1837,40,963.
Population
to a square mile, 4 1-2.
Gain in
ada.
This county
is
watered by
many
ponds, some of the large tributaries of the Kennebec, and by the
upper waters of many other important rivers in Maine ; but its
chief river is the noble Kennebec,
which enters the county at its rise
from Moose Head lake, and passing
from that lake, which skirts the eastern boundary of the county, it traverses nearly in its centre about 75
miles.
This river serves, at present, as a great thoroughfare to the
ocean for an immense amount of
timber, lumber and wood, the lirst
fruits of the industry of pioneers to
a heavily timbered country ; and,
in after times, will serve for the
transportation of the productions of
a fertile soil to distant markets, and
of the wants of the inhabitants
from abroad.
The surface of this county is diversified by considerable elevations and extensive valleys, which
give it a varied and pleasing asWith the exception of the
pect.
mountain range, which skirts the
bounds of Canada, and the Bald
Mountain ridge, nearly in the centre of the county. Mount Bigelow
and Mount Abraham, on the border of Franklin count}^, are the
most lofty.
So far as the march of improvement has been made in this interior
and almost wilderness county, the
soil of the lands, generally, is found
to be fertile, as easy of cultivation,
and as productive of all the varieties of grasses, grains, vegetables and
fruits, as any portion of New England, with very few exceptions.
The more
interior portions of the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
county, those watered by the upper branches of the Penobscot and
Walloomstook, now a wilderness,
In
are said to be the most fertile.
1S37, there were in the old county
of Somerset, 77,921 sheep ; and,
during that year, it produced 239,332 bushels of wheat, being the
largest quantity of that valuable
grain produced by any county in
Maine, and probably by any
county in New England.
bold enough to attempt the cultivation of its soil.
It is watered by
the upper blanches of Deerfield
river.
Population, 1830, 245.
Somerset stands 15 miles N. E.
from Bennington, and 14 W. from
Newfane. It would put the neighboring towns into a pretty pickle if
it should turn a Somerset.
Somerset, Mass.
Bristol CO.
This town is pleasantly situated on the northern side
of Taunton river, opposite to Fall
River, and is the proposed depot of
a rail road from Fall River to Providence, R. I.
It is 16 miles S. E.
from Providence, 13 S. from Taunton, and 45 S. from Boston.
Population, 1837, 1,063.
Incorporated,
1790.
There are some manufactures of
stone and earthern wares, but ship
building is the principal branch of
mechanics in the town.
This town was formerly a part of Dover. It was inStrafford co.
fall
river,
It is bounded
N. E. by Sal-
which divides
S.
V/.
it
from
by Do-
It is 11 miles N. by W. from
Portsmouth and 45 E. from Concord.
The White Mountains may be
ver.
steeples of the meeting
falls.
The
depth,
till
falls, for
river
of
is
sutiicient
within a mile of said
vessels of 250 tons.
The
town
is
bounded on
from its confluence
with the Piscataqua to the mouth
of Fresh creek, near a mile ; and
from thence by said creek to its
head, nearly a mile and a half.
There are but two ponds of note
in this town
Humphrey's pond on
the line of Dover, 200 rods long
and 120 rods wide
and Cole's
pond, 150 rods long and 75 wide.
Red and yellow ochre, also iron
ore, have been found in this town.
The ochre has been used in painting houses, and has been found to
make a durable paint.
At Great Falls, are extensive
manufactories, and a large and
river,
:
;
beautiful village.
This town was settled between
1650 and 1700, by William WentMany of the
worth and others.
first settlers were killed or taken
captive and carried to Canada. Ebenezer Downs, who was a quaker,
was taken by the Indians at Indigo
hill, in 1724, and carried to Canada.
He was grossly insulted and abused
by them, because he refused to
dance as the other prisoners did for
the diversion of their savage captors.
Somers'wortli, N. H.
Berwick, Me., and
the
Cocheco
Windham co. Mount Pisgah
and other elevations give to the surface of this township so rough and
drear an aspect, that but few are
mon
also
houses in Portsmouth, and the masts
of the shipping in the harbor.
The soil of this town is well
adapted to Indian corn, and almost
all kinds of grain and grass.
The
tide flows on the east side of this
town, four miles to Quamphegan
S. part of this
Somerset, Vt.
corporated in 1754.
N. W. by Rochester,
seen from the summit of Otis' hill;
Nicholas Pike, author of a
popular system of arithmetic, was
born in this town, October 6, 1743.
John Wentworth, son of the
Hon. .lohn Wentworth, was born in
and was
this town, July 14, 1745
graduated at Harvard college, 1768.
He entered on the study of the law,
When apand settled at Dover.
plication was made to him to put an
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
action in suit, it was his practice
to see the parties or to write to them,
stating the consequences of a legal
process, and advising them to settle their differences between themselves.
By this mode of procedure
he was instrumental
in preventing
vexatious lawsuits and was
entitled to the appellation of peace-
many
;
He was
maker.
member
a
of the
continental congress in the revoluand died January 10, 1787.
tion,
Hon. Thomas Wallingford,
was born at Bradford, Mass., in
1697.
He came to this town in the
and by a diliearly part of liis life
gent application to business, from a
small beginning became one of the
richest men in the province.
;
IcHABOD EoLLiNs, was bom
Somersworth in 1721. He was
a judge of probate for the county of
Strafford, and died January 31,
Population, in 1830, 3,090.
1800.
in
Soucooli. River, N.
II.,
Has its source in three ponds in
the south part of Gilnianton, lying
near each other, called Loon, Rocky
and Shcllcamp ponds.
It passes
through Loudon, receiving several
branches, and forms the boundary
between Concord and Pembroke,
falling into the
Garvin's
Merrimack below
falls,
SonLlaegaii River, N.
H.
Originally Souhegenack, the name
of a river in Hillsborough county,
and the former name of Amherst
and Merrimack.
The principal
branch of this river originates from
issuing from Babboosuck pond. See
Amherst.
Soutli Ilamptou,
IV.
H.,
Rockingham co., is bounded N.
by East Kingston and Kensington,
E. by Seabrook, S. by Amesbury,
Mass., W. by Newtown; and is 50
miles
S. E.
from Concord, and 18
W. from Portsmouth.
The surface is generally
S. S.
even,
of a good quality. Powow river passes through this town,
affording valuable mill seats. South
Hampton was incorporated in 1742.
and the
soil
Hon. Phillips White, who
was a member of the old congress,
1792 and 1793, and
years judge of probate,
died June 24, 1811, aged 82.
Population, 1830, 487.
a counsellor in
for
many
Soutlianiptoii, Mass.
Hampshire co.
Manhan river
waters the town and affords it mill
privileges.
The Farmington canal
passes through the eastern part.
Lead in various forms and qualities
is found here, and here is a subterraneous passage leading to the lead
mine in Westhampton.
There are
some manufactures in the town,
but the people are generally employed in agricultural pursuits, and
the soil is well adapted to that purpose.
Southampton is pleasantly situated, 9 miles S. W. from Northampton, and 97 W. by S. from Boston.
Incorporated, 1753.
Population,
1837, 1,216.
Soiitli Berwick, Me.
Ashburnham, Mass.
It
passes N. through Ashby, at the
York CO. This town is situated
N. W. angle of the county of Mid- on the N. E. side of Salmon Fall
dlesex, into New Ipswich, and river, 97 miles S. W. from Augusta,
through Mason, Milford, Amherst, and 10 W. N. W. from York. The
into Merrimack, where it unites limits of the town have recently
with Merrimack river. In its course been increased by the addition of a
a
it
pond
in
receives
several
streams from
Temple, Lyndeborough and Mount
Vernon, and just before it falls into
the Merrimack, receives Babboosuck brook, a considerable stream
portion
It
of the
territory of
in 1814.
was incorporated
York.
Pop-
1830,1,577; 1837, 2,342.
Falls on the river at this
place afford an hydraulic power of
ulation,
The Great
�NEW
EN^GLAND GAZETTEER.
Mangreat magnitude and value.
ufacturing operations commenced
here many years ago, and have been
but in 1837,
gradually increasing
the " Great Works Manufacturing
Company" was incorporated. This
company have a large capital, and
are making arrangements for manufacturing on an extensive scale.
When it is considered that this place
is located on navigable waters, and
only about a dozen miles from the
beautiful harbor of Portsmouth, by
water, these operations promise a
favorable result, both to individual
enterprise and the public.
;
The
village of South Berwick is
pleasantly situated ; it is a place of
considerable trade, and in the vicinity of delightful scenery.
Soutliborougli, Mass.
Worcester co. This town was
taken from Marlborough in 1727.
It has a good soil, and is well cultivated by industrious and skillful
farmers.
It is watered by a branch
of Sudbury river, and has manufactures of woolen cloth, boots,
annual
shoes, and straw bonnets
:
and Worcester rail road passes
It
through this pleasant town.
lies 26 miles W. from Boston, and
Population,
15 E. from Worcester.
1837, 1,113.
Soutlibritlge, Mass.
taken from
co.
The principal
village in this town is pleasantly
situated on the Pamperaug, a fine
mill stream, which passes through
the town.
This village is 20 miles
New Haven, and 40
from Hartford.
The village of South Britain is
about 4 miles S. W. from the princiN. W. from
S.
W.
pal or central village
it is a flourishing place, containing a number of neat buildings, a carpet and
several hat factories.
This village
:
is
surrounded by high
Southbridge was
Sturbridge in 1814.
;
:
and
:
covered.
The northern part of the town
is
called " White Oak," from an oak
tree under which the first persons
who explored the town encamped.
Pieces of this tree are considered
Southformerly attached to
Litchfield county.
It was a part
of Woodbury, and was first settled
about the year 1672.
It was incorporated as a distinct town in 1786.
Population, 1830, 1,557.
as precious relics.
bury was
goutli Hadley, Mass.
co.
Population, 1830, 1,444 1837, 1740.
It is 54 miles S. W. from Boston,
and 19 S. S. W. from Worcester.
This town is watered by the Quinneboag, a branch of the Thames,
and a good mill stream. There are
one woolen and three cotton mills
in Southbridge, and manufactures
of boots, shoes and cutlery
the
value of which, for the year ending
April 1, 1837, was $262,212. This
town has an excellent soil and a
pleasant and flourishing village.
hills
precipices, and has a romantic and
picturesque appearance. The surface of the town is generally uneven there is some good meadow
land on Housatonick, Pamperaug,
and Shepaug rivers, and the uplands are warm and productive.
Some traces of coal have been dis-
The Boston by some
value, about $50,000.
Worcester
Soutlibury, Ct.
New Haven
Hampshire co. Nature and art
seem to have united to render this
an interesting place. The falls on
the Connecticut are 50 feet ; not
perpendicular, but in so short a
distance as to render the river very
These falls, Mount Holyoke at the north part of the town,
and Mount Tom on the west side of
the river, with the luxuriant meadrapid.
ows along
would form
character.
this beautiful stream,
a picture of no ordinary
These falls are ren-
dered passable for freight and steam
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
boats by a canal of about two miles
In this canal is a cut
in length.
tlirough solid rock, 40 feet in depth
and 300 feet in length. The hydraulic power, at this place, is very
great, having the whole volume of
Connecticut river and some smaller
streams at command for manufacMuch of the
turing purposes.
water power is yet unimproved,
but
its
local situation
is
such as
and manufactures of leather, boots,
toshoes, pearl buttons, iron, &c.
tal value, the year ending April 1,
1S37, $237,650.
South Hadley lies on the east
side of Connecticut river, 90 miles,
W. from Boston, and 5 S. by E.
:
from Northampton.
Incorporated
Population, 1837, 1,400.
Soutli Heroj Vt.
Grand Isle co. Lake Champlain
bounds this town on all sides.
The passage in the lake however, is
very narrow between the towns of
N. and S. Hero. It lies 12 miles
N. W. from Burlington, and 16 S. S.
W.
from St. Albans. The lake is
fordable a considerable part of the
year on the Vermont side. This
town was formerly a part of North
Hero, and was separated from it in
First settled, 1784.
1788.
Population, 1830, 717.
South Hero contains an area of about 9,065 acres
of level land of an excellent soil.
Its basis is limestone.
It is suppos-
ed that all the lands of this island
county were once covered by the
waters of the lake, as clam shells
are found incorporated with the
rocks in the
highest places.
The
around these islands
beautiful.
This vicinity was a
scenery
is
fa-
vorite resort for the Indians, as appears from a large number of their
implements found on the islands.
It
seems they manufactured hatch-
ets,
spear heads, chisels,
nishes a great abundance of food
for the inhabitants, and some for exabout 6,200
portation.
It feeds
sheep.
This is a pleasant stopping
place for the angler, the painter or
the geologist.
to
insure its usefulness as the manufacturing interests of New England
There are in South Hadincrease.
ley 3 paper and 2 woolen mills,
in 1753.
and a variety of other implements
place, from a flint stone not
found in this region, but brought
from a distance. This town furat this
arrows,
Soutliington, Ct.
Southington was
Hartford co.
taken from Farmington in 1779.
There are some elevations in the
town, particularly in the eastern
part
but the soil is generally very
good for all kinds of grain and the
pasturage of cattle.
It is watered
by the Quinnepiack, and the Farmington canal passes through it.
It contains a neat village, 18 miles
S. W. from Hartford and 21 N.
from New Haven.
Population,
1830, 1,844.
The inhabitants are generally engaged in agriculture ; yet several
kinds of manufactures receive considerable attention.
Peck's patent
;
machines for making tin ware,
most valuable invention, is exclusively owned in this town, and the
for
a
business of making them
sively carried on,
is
by Peck
exten&. Co.,
whose manufactory supplies almost
the whole of the United States and
the British provinces.
The manufacture of water cement is very
extensively carried on in this town,
and furnishes a supply for the wants
of the vicinity, and some for distant
There is an establishmarkets.
ment for the manufacture of lasts,
which are turned out by a machine :
this is effected by having a model
of the shape wanted, inserted into
the apparatus connected with the
Besides the above,
machinery.
there is a brass foundry ; and several other establishments, for manufacturing various articles, such as
saws of different kinds, tin ware,
combs, spoons, clocks, brushes, &c.,
are in operation, more or less ex-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
consistofshoes,cabinet ware, chairs
shoe tools, razor straps, block tin
and tin ware annual value, about
tensively, at different times, accordino- to the demands of the market.
Copper has been discovered, in several places, in the range of mountains on the eastern border of the
:
$60,000.
This town contains a large and
beautiful pond, the source of Saugus river. The village is compact,
town.
Sontli Kingston, R.
I.
neat and flourishing.
Chief town.
Washington co.
This town was formerly a part of
North Kingston, and was first setIt is the largest town
tled in 1670.
Soiitliwicli, Mass.
Hampden
bounded
of
is
Con-
and is 100 miles W. by
from Boston, and 10 W. S. W.
Incorporated,
from Springfield.
Point Judith. It has an
uneven surface, a soil of a gravelly
loam, based on a granite foundation.
Large quantities of grain of various kinds and of the productions of
the dairy are annually sent to maralso the fleeces
ket from this town
This town
of about 7,500 sheep.
possesses great navigable advantages; its eastern and southern
bonders being washed by the Atlantic ocean and Narraganset bay.
number
town
state
S.
noted
It contains a great
This
co.
by the
necticut,
in the State, comprising 9S square
miles, and within its limits is the
;
S.
of fresh
It
Population, 1837, 1,291.
1779.
w-atered by a considerable stream,
and several ponds in the town supply water for the Farmington canal,
is
which passes through Southwick.
consist of gunpowder, leather, and distilled spirannual value, about $70,000.
its
The manufactures
:
town is elevagenerally good,
The valparticularly for grazing.
wool sheared in 1837, was
ue of
The
surface
of the
ted, but the soil
water ponds, and a large salt pond
one of the fresh water ponds, covers an area of between three and
four thousand acres.
The fisheries on the shores and
are
in the ponds of South Kingston
of considerable extent and value.
$2,125.
taken are principally bass,
Some
alewives, perch and smelts.
is
furnishino-
:
The
fish
portion of the inhabitants follow a
maritime life for a livelihood.
The principal village in South
Kingston is improperly called " Litsnug
tle Rest Hill," for it is quite a
It lies SO
comfortable place.
and
miles S. from Providence, and 9 S.
from North Kingston. Population,
1830, 3,663.
Soutli Reading, Mass.
Middlesex
co.
Tliis
town was
It
taken from Reading in 1812.
10 miles N. from Boston, 18 E.
lies
by N. from Concord, and 10 W. from
Salem. Population, 1330, 1,310;
So-vvatlaljgcoolc Rivei',
Tliis stream falls
Penobscot co.
the Penobscot at Hampden, 5
into
Within 3
miles below Bangor.
miles of its mouth it falls 120 feet,
ileges.
rises in
many valuable mill privThe main branch, which
Stetson,
The manufactures
of
the town
unites
with the
Harvey stream from Levant, and
the Kinsley stream from Etna, both
affording excellent mill sites, near
Below
the village in Carmel.
the Sowadabscook is deep
these,
and sluggish, from 15 to 25 yards in
width, flowing through extensive
and'" the Great and Little
ponds in Hermon, with very little
meadows,
m
the head of the falls
Near the east line of
Carmel, this stream comes within
about 20 rods of the Little Kendusthrough
keas;, a stream which flows
E. part of Carmel, from Lethe^N.
vant to Bangor and the two streams
to
are united by a branch from 20
descent,
to
Hampden.
;
1837, 1,488.
Me.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
30 feet wide and 3 feet deep, called
the Cross.
rapid that
The Kenduskeag is so
it rises and falls much
quicker
than the Sowadabscook.
the streams are rising, the
curi'ent in the Cross sets towards the
When
Sowadabscook, and when falling,
towards the Kenduskeag.
The country watered hy the
Sowadabscook is generally rather
level and free from hills, though
there are many swells of very fine
farming land.
In the towns of
Hermon and Hampden is a large
tract, very little elevated above the
level of the stream, and liable to be
overflowed by freshets.
It is too
low for settlement, and is chiefly
covered with wood. The improve-
ment
of this land requires too great
an outlay of capital for a new country, but it will probably at some
time be among the most valuable
in this country for mowing.
There are on this stream, in
Hampden,
five superior saw mills,
a grist and paper mill, and the privileges are excelled by few in
England.
Upon the Kenduskeag
ai-e 9 mills below the Cross, many
of them superior double mills. The
pine timber has been cut off upon
the waters of this stream to such an
extent, as to give a high value to
that which remains, and to the hemlock timber, of which there are
great quantities of fine quality.
New
Since our
first
pages went
to
we have
received, from an
obliging fi'iend, the following information in regard to Carniel.
The township of Carmel, bordering on the Sowadabscook, is a very
level tract of land; most of it of a
press,
very light and
there
was
originally so valuable a
in which there
a quantity remaining.
The swells are large, and are covered with the rock maple, beech,
birch, &c., and are of a very supeNear the
rior quality for tillage.
streams are large tracts of intervale
of great fertility, and making very
growth of pine, or
is
so large
fine
meadows.
There
is little
waste
land in the town.
The swamps are
few and of small extent, but furnish cedars in sufficient quantities
for fencing, for which use they are
the finest and most durable material.
The settlement of this town is
rapidly progressing, and many of
the farms recently cleared are very
superior, and the buildings, fences,
and improvements, show an active,
industrious and
enterprising peo-
ple.
The village near the centre of
the town, is a very thriving and
active place of business, on the
stage road from Bangor to Skowhegan, 13 miles W. from Bangor, and
11 W. N. >y. from Hampden. Here
are four stores, two taverns, an
apothecary shop, potash, blacksmiths, coopers, shoemakers, joiners, and other shops ; an extensive
tannery, mills, &c., and a meeting
In the
house is about being l)uilt.
town are five good school houses,
five saw mills, a clapboard and shingle mill, grist mill, and clothing
mill.
are found in this town some
specimens of petrified shells,
at an elevation of 125 to 130 feet
above the Penobscot, and near the
banks of the stream, showing that
this valley was once covered by
There
fine
the ocean.
The roads in the towns watered
by this stream are exceedingly well
made, and creditable to the inhabitants, though it is remarkable, that
several of them, which were made
in the early settlement, pass over
There is probably no town in this decidedly the most inferior lands in
section of the county, in which., those towns.
This is particularly
fertile soil, free of
valleys have a fine
growth of pine timber, which has
been carefully preserved by the
owners, and may be run, by means
of the Cross, at a small expense,
either to Bangor or Hampden.
stone.
The
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
true of the road from Hampden
through Carmel and Etna to Newport and the settlement of this
:
section was formerly retarded, without doubt, by the unfavorable impression created by this circumstance.
The projected rail road
from Bangor to Augusta is surveyed to pass through this town, near
the bank of the stream
and the
level character of the country is
exceedingly well adapted for that
purpose.
;
Spafford's liaise, N. H.
See Chesierfield.
Specl£letl
Monntaiu, Me.
Oxford CO.
This mountain lies
on the line of New Hampshire,
partly in the town of Riley, and is
said to be 4,000 feet above sea
mack between Methuen and Dracut, Mass., nearly opposite Shaw
sheen river, which comes from the
S.J through Andover.
Split, Cape,
See Addison.
Springiield, Me.
Penobscot co. The Matakeunk,
branch of the Matawamkeag,
rises here, and, with several ponds,
a
gives the town a considerable wapower. The soil of the town is
fertile, and in 1837, with a population of 398, produced 9,429 bushels
of wheat.
Springfield was No. 5,
2d range N. of the Bingham Purchase, and was incorporated in 1834.
It lies about 60 miles N. E. by E.
ter
from Bangor.
gpringfieltl, N.
level.
Spencer, Mass*
Vrorcester co.
Seven Mile rivbranch of the Chickopee, waters this town.
There are two
woolen mills in the town, and manufactures of scythe snaiths, straw
bonnets, boots, shoes, leather, caber, a
inet
ware, chairs, palm-leaf hats,
harnesses, and barrels annual value, about $80,000.
This township is quite elevated
for the section of country in which
it lies.
It is stated to be the summit level between the waters of
:
Boston harbor and Connecticut river, 950 feet above the former, and
880 feet above the latter.
The
surface of the town is agreeably
varied by hills and valleys
the
soil is fertile, and cultivated by men
of industry and independence.
Spencer is 52 miles W. from Boston, and 12 Yv^. from Worcester.
Population, in 1830, 1,618 ; 1837,
2,085.
It was taken from Leices:
ter in 1753.
Spiggot River, N. H.,
Rises in Hampstead, and passes
through Salem, and into the Merri-
34
Me.
H.
Sullivan co. This town is bounded N. by Grafton, E. by Wilmot,
S. E. by New London, S. by Wendell and Croydon, W. by Croydon
and Grantham. It lies 35 miles N.
W. from Concord and 13 N. E. from
A
Newport.
branch of Sugar river has its source in this town; and
also a branch of the Blackwater
The former empties into the
Connecticut, the latter into the JNIcrrimack. There are several ponds,
viz. Station pond, about 250 rods
long, 140 wide
Cilley pond, 240
rods long, and about SO wide
Star,
Stony, and Morgan's ponds. The
land is rough and stony. This town
was granted in 1769, by the name
of Protectu'orth.
Its t\rst settlement commenced in 1772. It was
incorporated bv the name of Springfield, 1794. Population, 1S30, 1,202.
river.
;
;
Springfield, Vt.
Windsor
Springfield is situco.
the S. E. corner of the
county, on the W. side of Connecticut river, and is 70 miles S. from
ated
at
Montpelier, 24 S. from Vv^oodstock,
and 110 N. W. from Boston. Population, 1830, 1,498.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The land in Springfield is generally rich, with a deep soil suitable for grass or tillage ; on the rivers are extensive intervales, forming some of the most beautiful farms
The principal agriin the state.
cultural products, are corn, rye,
oats, beef, pork, butter, cheese ; and
wool, of which 17,872 fleeces were
shorn in 1837. Many hoi'ses are
raised in this town and sent to market.
The principal village is situated
Black River falls, near the
centre of the town. These falls
are about four miles from the confluence of Black river with the
Connecticut their descent is rapid
over a rocky bed, about 60 rods,
when the waters are contracted,
and precipitated 50 or 60 feet down
an abrupt ledge into a narrow chanThis ravine extends about 12
nel.
rods ; it is 60 or 70 feet deep, and is
walled by perpendicular ledges of
mica slate. Over this ravine has
been erected a bridge, from which
may be had a full view of the falls.
mist constantly arises, in which
may be seen, in a fair day, all the
colors of the rainbow.
on
;
A
There are in Springfield 1 cotton
and 2 woolen mills, a sand paper
factory,
on
an
extensive
scale,
which produces an excellent article, and manufactures of machine
cards, machinery, iron ware, lead
pipe, hats, chair'?, tin and copper
wares, scythes, leather, cabinet furniture, and various other articles.
This is a very flourishing town,
and the scenery around
handsome
village
is
its
neat and
delightful.
Sprijigfield, Mass.
Chief town, Hampden co. This
is one of the
most beautiful and
important inland towns in New
England. It is situated on the east
bank of Connecticut river, and is
supplied v/ith a good hydraulic
power by Chickopee and Mill rivers.
It is 87 miles W. by S. from
Boston, 17 S. by E. from North-
ampton, and 27 N. from Hartford,
Ct. Its Indian name
First settled, 1635.
was Agawam.
Incorporated,
Population, 1820, 3,914;
1645.
Along
1830, 6,784; 1837, 9,234.
the banks of the Connecticut are
large tracts of fine alluvial meadow,
which are very productive. Back
from the river the land rises by a
gentle acclivity to an extended pine
plain.
The village and business part )f
the town, is on a street between 2
and 3 miles in length, running parallel with the river.
This village
is very pleasant, well built, and
contains many beautiful buildings.
handsome bridge, 1,234 feet in
length, connects this town with
West Springfield.
Boats for the
transportation of passengers, and
for towing freight boats, are continually plying between this place
and Hartford, during the season of
navigation.
The rail road from
Boston to Albany will pass through
Springfield, which, with the great
natural advantages it possesses, must
render it one of the most important
commercial depots on Connecticut
A
river.
About 4 miles north
of the prinvillage, near the confluence
of Chickopee river with the Connecticut, stands the neat and enterprising village of
Chickopee,
one of the most beautifully located
manufacturing villages in
cipal
New
England.
The United
States Arsenal
is
delightfully situated on an elevated
plain about half a mile east of the
principal village.
The buildings
are arranged with great taste and
judgment, around a level square of
20 acres, and make a fine appearance.
The buildings are all of
on one
of which is a
brick
cupola, from which an extensive
and delightful view of Connecticut
and the surrounding counriver
try is presented. The water works
are situated on pylill river, about a
mile south of the arsenal. This^
;
�;
NtW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
establishment was founded in 1795,
and is considered the most important arsenal of construction in the
United States.
There are 2G0
men constantly employed in the various branches of this manufacture.
In 1837, the lands and buildings
attached to this establishment were
valued at $210,000 ; Machinery,
$50,000 170,000 muskets on hand,
$2,040,000 muskets manufactured
during the year ending April 1,
1S37, 14,000, valued at $154,000
Squam Bay and
The bay
Village, Mass.
up between Gloucester and the mouth of Ipswich harbor.
The village is on Cape Ann,
about 4 miles N. from the principal
village of Gloucester, and is the resort and residence of a large numsets
ber of enterprising fishermen.
Sqiiantanagonick, N. H.
;
;
:
The name of a village
Cocheco
ed from the Indian name of the
amount of ordnance and stock on
hand, $30,000.
An establishment for the manufacture of brass cannon, employing
25 hands, lately commenced by a
private companj^ will manufacture
cannon to the amount of $50,000
per annum.
There are in Springfield 7 cotton
and 4 paper mills, 3 tanneries, and
manufactures of iron castings, cutlery, ploughs, chairs, cabinet and
tin wares, boots, shoes, cards, hard
ware, steam boats, joiners tools, paper machinery, shuttles, bobbins, rifles, stoves, machinery, swords, &c.
The total value of the manufactures
of Springfield, for the year ending
April
1,
1S37, exclusive
of those
by
the U. S., amounted to $1,709,700.
See Register.
Squam. T^ake,
&,c.
Squam Lake, N.
at the falls on
river, in Rochester, so callfalls.
Sqiiamscot River, N. H.,
Or Swamscot,
or Exeter river.
called also Great
See Exeter.
StafForcl, Ct.
This town lies 24
Tolland co.
miles N. E. from Hartford, 6 N. E.
from Tolland, 27 N. W. from Brooklyn, 36 N. from Norwich, 14 N. E.
from Springfield, Mass., and 73 W.
S. W. from Boston.
Population,
1830, 2,515.
The surface of the town is rough
some parts mountainous, abounding with rocks of primitive formation.
Its soil is a coarse, hard and
dry gravelly loam generally not
very productive. There are several minerals in the town, but iron
As early as
ore is the principal.
1779, a blast furnace was erected
here, and cannon shot, hollow ware,
in
;
H., lies on the &.C., were cast.
borders of Holderness, Sandwich,
The town is watered by FurMoultonborough and Centre Har- nace river, and the Willimantic,
This is " a splendid sheet of which unite in Stafford, and afford
bor.
water, indented by points, arched a good water power. There are in
with coves, and studded with a suc- the town several blast and cupola
cession of romantic islands."
manufacIt is furnaces, a cotton mill,
about 6 miles long, and in its widest tures of pistols, axes, adzes, carpart, 3 miles in width.
It covers a penters'
chisels, tailors'
shears,
surface of between 6,000 and 7,000 drawing knives, and several other
acres, and is well stored with trout articles of cutlery.
There are also
and other fish.
manufactures of cotton and woolen
Squam JRiver is the outlet of the machinery, cabinet ware, brush
above mentioned lake
it passes
handles, iron card cylinders, and
through Squam pond in Holder- two forges for making wrought
ness, and forms a junction v/ith the iron.
Pemigewasset, at the S. W. corner
Stafford Mineral Springs have
of that town.
acquired considerable notice, and
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
are celebrated for their virtues in
curing cutaneous diseases.
" The Indians first made the settlers acquainted with the virtues of
these springs, when, in the year
1719, this part of the country be'
gan to be settled.
It has been
their practice, time immemorial,
to resort to them in the warm season, and plant their wigwams round
them.
They recommended the wa-
much
celebrity until about the year
a case occurred calculated to establish and extend their
was an effectual
reputation.
It
cure of a most obstinate cutaneous
1765,
when
complaint, which had
completely
baffled all medicinal skill, and reThe
sisted all other applications.
publicity which was given to this
case soon raised the reputation of
these springs ; and in consequence
ter as an eye water ; but gave, as
their own particular reason for
drinking it, that it enlivened their
spirits.'
It is said, that in 1766,
these springs were carefully exam-
of which they immediately became
a place of resort of persons afSicted with various diseases."
ined by Dr. Warren, who then had
thoughts of purchasing the land on
which they rise, with a view of establishing himself upon it.
Subsequent events transformed the physician into a soldier, and Dr. Warren
mountain
Bennington co.
township on the line of Massachusetts.
It is 9 miles S. W. from Bennington, and 21 W. by S. from
Stamford, Vt.
A
Brattleborough.
Population, 1830,
Branches of the Hoosack and
Walloomsack rise here. There are
several line fish ponds among the
mountains
and some good land
but the lands in Stamford are gen663.
the first great struggle of the
Revolution. Dr. Willard afterwards
put Dr. Warren's plan into opera;
tion, by building a large hotel for
the reception of patients and oth- erally too elevated for culture.
The establishment is at presers.
Stamford, C't.
ent owned by Mr. Jasper Hyde,
and its former reputation is fully
Fairfield co. This beautiful town
sustained, and it is a place of much is bounded on the S. by Long
resort for the purposes of health or Island Sound, and on the N. W. by
pleasure during the summer season. the state of New York.
Its Indian
There are two distinct springs, the name was Rij)powams, and was
medical qualities of which are con- purchased of the natives for " twelve
sidered as essefltially different. One coats, twelve hoes, twelve hatchets,
of them contains a solution of iron, twelve knives, two kettles and four
The
sustained by carbonic acid gas, a fathom of white wampum."
portion of marine salt, some earthly soil of Stamford is a rich gravelly
substances, and what has been call- loam, well cultivated and very proed natron, or a native alkali. This ductive. The surface is undulaspring has been known and used for ting, presenting a great variety of
a length of time, and has been pro- delightful prospects.
The town is
nounced by chemists to be one of well supplied with mill sites by
the most efficacious chalybeate Mill and Miannas rivers, and, withsprings in the United States.
The in its bay, between Shippan and
other spring, the medical virtues of Greenwich points, are good harbors
which were not known till about for vessels of 8 1-2 feet draught of
the year 1810, contains, according water.
There are a number of
to the opinion of Professor Silliman, vessels owned here, and Stamford
(who examined it in that year) a is a place of an active trade with
large portion of hydrogen gas, of the surrounding country and New
sulphur, and a small proportion of York. There are within the limits
iron.
These springs did not acquire of the town an iron foundry, a rollfell in
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ing mill, a wire factory, and two
large boot and slioe manufactories.
Stamford Borough is a neat village, beautifully situated near the
Sound, and surrounded by a country full of interesting scenery.
This was the residence of the
Hon.
Abraham
Daveivport,
for
many
years one of the Counsellors
of the colony, and afterwards of the
state.
He was the son of the Rev.
John Davenport, the second minister of Stamford, and grandson of the
Rev. John Davenport, the father of
New Haven colony. Mr. Davenport was distinguished for his vigorous mind. Christian integrity, and
for his uncommon iirmness of charAn instance of his firmness
acter.
is here quoted.
"The 19th of May, 1780, was a
Candles
dark day.
remarkable
were lighted in many houses ; the
birds were silent and disappeared,
and the fowls retired to roost. The
legislature of Connecticut was then
very
in session at Hartford.
general opinion prevailed, that the
day of judgment was at hand.
The House of Representatives, being unable to transact their business,
adjourned.
proposal to adjourn
the Council was under consideration.
When the opinion of Mr. Davenport was asked, he answered, 'I am
against an adjournment.
The day
of judgment is either approaching,
If it is not, there is no
or it is not.
A
A
cause for an adjournment if it is, I
choose to be found doing mj' duty.
I wish therefore that candles may
be brought."
:
Standisli,
Mc.
Cumberland co. This township
is bounded on the N. and N. E. by
Sebago Lake, and S. AV'. by Saco
river.
It lies
6S miles S.
W.
from
Augusta, and 16 N. W. from Portland.
This is a good farming town
with two pleasant villages. Incorporated, 1785.
2,270.
34*
Population,
1837,
gtarks, Me.
Somerset co.
Starks is very
pleasantly situated on the W. side
of Kennebec river, and is also watered by the Sandy, which unites
with the Kennebec at this place.
This town possesses great resources
in the fertility of the soil, its locaand its mill privileges.
37 miles N. N. E. from Augusta, and 6 W. by N. from Nortion for trade,
It lies
1795.
ridgev/ock.
Incorporated,
Wheat
Population, 1837, 1,424.
crop same year, 7,614 bushels.
•
Stark, N.
II.
Coos CO. This town was named
Piercy, until a few years since.
It was then altered to compliment
the memory of Gen. Stark.
It contains about 20,000 acres, most of
which is broken and extremely uneven. It was settled in 17SS, but
the progress of the settlement has
been very slow.
Population, 236.
It lies 10 miles N. E. from Lancaster.
Starlcsljorougii, Vt.
Addison co. This town is watered by Lewis creek and Huntington river, which are good mill
There are three springs
streams.
in the town, not more than 20 rods
a
apart, which unite and form
stream of sufficient power for a
number of mills, and is thus imThe town is rough and
proved.
Hog's Back mounwestern border, and
East mountain passes through its
centre, and divides the waters of
the rivers.
There is some good
land in the tovirn, but a large portion
mountainous.
tain skirts its
of the territory is too elevated for
cultivation.
Here are 2 villages,
and the manufactures of iron are
considerable.
Starksborough was first settled in
178S. It is 22 miles W. by S. from
Montpelier, and 18 N. by E. from
Middleburv. Population, in 1830,
1,342.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Sterling, Vt.
Sterling Peak, in
Lamoille co.
the South part of this town, ranks
among the most elevated summits
of
the
Green
Mountain
range.
i?sue from this mountain town.
It was first settled in
1799, and contains 23,040 acres of
land.
The quality of the soil maybe known by the number of its inhabitants, 183 ; and by the number
of its sheep, 350.
It lies 24 miles
N. by Vi. from Montpelier.
Some streams
Sterling, Mass.
co.
This town was
about the year 1721.
It was taken from Lancaster, in
1781.
It lies 40 miles W. from
Boston, and 12 N. from Worcester.
Worcester
first settled
watered by Still river. Its
surface is uneven, and its soil light.
It
is
Population, 1837, 1,650.
The manufactures of the town consist of
boots, shoes, leather, straw bonnets,
palm-leaf hats, scythe snaiths,
chairs and cabinet ware
total
amount, for the year ending April
1, 1837, $76,528, of which §^53,
228, was for chairs and cabinet
:
ware.
Sterling, Ct.
Windham co. This town lies 10
miles S. E. from Brooklyn, and 44
from Hartford. It was
E. by S.
taken from Voluntown in 1794.
Population, 1830, 1,240.
The soil
is a light gravelly and sandy loam,
and produces good grain. Sterling
is
watered
by two branches of
Moosup river, a good mill stream,
on which are four cotton mills.
" Near the centre of this town,
there is a cavern, called the " Devil's Den," possessing very singular
and curious features. It is situated
within a ledge of rocks, and has a
circular area of about 100 feet in
diameter.
The
rock
is
cleft in
two
places, forming at each a chasm or
fissure
about 50 feet in depth.
through one of which there runs
water the other
communicates with a room about
a small stream of
;
12 feet square, at the interior part
of which there is a fire place, and
a chimney extending through the
rock above, forming an aperture of
about 3 feet square. In another
part of the rock there is a natural
stair case, winding around it from
the bottom to the top.
In the cold
season of the year, a large mass of
ice is formed in the room above described, by the dashing of the water
down ihe chimney, which continues there through nearly the whole
of tlie warm months, the sun being
almost excluded from this subterranean recess."
Stetson, Me.
Penobscot co.
This town is
bounded N. by Exeter, and S. by
Etna and Carmel. It is 63 miles
N. E. from Augusta, and 18 W. N.
W. from Bangor. It is watered by
branches of the Sebasticook and
Sowadabscook, Avhich rise here. It
was incorporated in 1831. Popula114; 1837,437. The surface of the town is undulating, and
the soil excellent.
Wheat crop,
1837, 3,704 bushels.
tion, 1830,
Steiil>en,
Washington
Me.
This is a maritime township, and comprises Dozer's Bay, which sets up from the
sea about 9 miles, and contains a
number of good harbors. This bay
lies
co.
between Little
Menan Point
and Goldsborough harbor.
It is
about a mile wide at its mouth.
Steuben is a place of considerable ship building, and a number of
vessels are owned here, employed
in the coasting trade and fishery.
Narraguagus river passes its northeastern border.
Steuben lies 107 miles E. from
Augusta, and about 35 W. by S.
fiom Machias. Incorpoi-ated, 1795.
Population, 1837, 802.
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Stevens' River, Vt.
Still-^vater,
This excellent
Peacham and
Ryegate.
It received its name in
compliment to Captain Phineas Stevens, the bravedcfender of CharlesThe waters of this
town, N. H.
river are remarkably clear, and its
banks luxuriant and romantic.
It
meanders about 15 miles, and in its
course through Barnet it receives
Harvey's lake, a pellucid sheet of
water, covering an area of 300
acres.
This beautiful river mingles its crystal waters with those of
the Connecticut, at Barnet, by a
leap of 100 feet in the distance of
ten rods, as it were in joy to meet
a sister stream on its passage to the
Caledonia co.
mill stream rises in
bosom
of the ocean.
Stewai'tstowii, N.
II.,
Coos CO., lies on the E. side of
the Connecticut, which washes its
W. boundary, a distance of 7 miles.
It lies 150 miles N. W. from Portland, 150 N. from Concord, and
is
bounded N. by Canada.
The Connecticut river is about
15 rods in width at this place.
Bishop's brook,
a
considerable
stream, rises in this town, and falls
into the Connecticut at the N. W.
Dead water and Mohawk
corner.
rivers have their sources here.
Hall's stream, also, unites with
the Connecticut in Stewartstown.
There are two ponds in the E. part
of this town, called Little and Great
Diamond ponds, both well stocked
There are no
with salmon trout.
large mountains in Stewartstown,
although there are many elevations.
The
soil
of the intervale
is
rich,
and the uplands productive.
Stewartstown was incorporated
Penobscot
co.
A
Me.
very flourish-
ing village, on the lower
falls
of
Penobscot river, in the town of Orono.
An immense amount of lumber is sawed at this place, and rafted down to the Bangor market. See
Orono.
Stockbridge, Vt.
Windsor co.
This town lies 3G
miles S. by W. from Montpelier,
and 26 N. W. from Windsor. First
settled, 1783.
Population, 1830,
1,333.
White river passes through the
town, and at a place called the
" Great Narrows," it is compressed
into a channel of but a few feet in
width, and, affords the only good
mill seat in town.
The soil of the
town is better for pasturage than
tillage.
It feeds
about five thousand five hundred sheep.
Stockbridge, Mass.
Berkshire co.
This is a fine
farming town on both sides of the
Housatonick river, 130 miles W.
from Boston, and 6 S. from Lenox.
Incorporated, 1739.
Population,
1830, 1,580; 1837, 2,036.
The soil of this town is adapted
to all kinds of culture
much of it
is rich alluvial meadow, and the
uplands produce excellent feed for
;
cattle.
Here is an excellent hydraulic
power, and a pleasant village on an
extended plain, surrounded by delightful scenery.
There arc one cotton and two
woolen mills in the town, two tanneries, and manufactures of pig
house or
iron castings, chairs, boots,
shoes, and machinery for boring
total amount of the
iron and wood
manufactures, for the year ending
ulation, 1830, 529.
Marble
April 1, 1837, $380,765.
is abundant.
tribe of Indians had a reservation of 6 miles square in this town.
iron,
in
During the late war a block
fort was erected in this
town for dei"ence by a company of
militia, and occupied until August,
1S14, when it was destroyed.
Pop1799.
:
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
from the
val to
year 1735
to their rerao
New
county, New
Stockbridge, Oneida
York. In 1735 there
were 90 adult Indians in the tribe,
of whom 52 were baptized by the
Rev. John Sargent, a faithful missionary, and their first spiritual
guide.
Stoddard, N. H,
Cheshire CO. This town is bounded N. by Washington, E. by VV^indsor and Antrim, S. by Nelson and
Sullivan, and W. by Gilsum and
Marlow.
It is 14 miles N. N. E.
from Keene, and 42 W. S. W. from
Concord.
This town is situated on the lieight
of land between Merrimack and
Connecticut rivers. It is mountainous and very rockJ^
The soil is
better adapted to grazing than tillage.
The south branch of Ashuelot river has its source near the centre of the town.
The streams in
the cast section, fall into the Merrimack those on the west, into the
Connecticut.
There are fourteen
ponds, some of which are of considerable magnitude.
;
to
Fryeburgh Academy.
Popula-
tion, 1837, 290.
Stoiieliani,
Mass.
Middlesex co.
This is a small
town, rocky and uneven.
It has
some good soil and much wood. Incorporated, 1725. Population, 1837,
932.
During the year ending April 1,
1837, there were made in this town
380,100 pairs of shoes; valued at
$184,717,
half
more
employing
inhabitants.
Spot Pond, a beautiful
than
its
sheet of
and pure water, lies in this
town, 8 miles N. from Boston. It
covers an area of 283 acres, and is
143 feet above high water mark,
soft
at Boston.
StoiiiiigtoiJj Ct.
Nev\r London co.
This town is
situated at the eastern extremity
of Long Island Sound
at the S. E.
corner of the state, and on the line
of Rhode Island.
It contains an
area of about six square miles. The
;
is rocky and uneven, but fertile
and productive.
A considerable
land
This town was formerly called amount of agricultural products is
Limerick. It was incorporated in annually sent from this town to
1774, v/hen it received the name of Nantucket and other places.
It is
Stoddard, from Col. Samson Stod- watered by the Mystic and Paucadard, of Chelmsford, to whom with tuck,
considerable
streams, on
several others it was granted.
The which are cotton, woolen and other
settlement commenced in June, factories.
Stonington was first set17G9.
The first family was that of tled in 1649, and incorporated in
John Taggard, whose privations 1658. Population, 1830, 3,101.
and hardships were very great.
This place was bombarded by
Their grain was procured at Peter- British ships during the revolutionborough, at the distanceof 20 miles, ary war, and again on the 10th of
which was conveyed by him on his August, 1814, and gallantly deback through the pathless wilder- fended.
ness.
At one time, they had nothThe harbor of Stonington sets up
ing, for six days, on which to sub- from the Sound, opposite Fisher's
sist, but the flesh of the moose.
island, and is well protected by an
Population, 1837, 1,159.
expensive Breakwater.
This place is noted for the comStoiaeliam,
Me.
Oxford
CO.
Stoneham was
mercial enterprise of
incor-
porated in 1834.
It lays westerly
of Albany, and comprises the grant
its
people.
Large capitals are employed in the
whale, seal, and cod fisheries. Five
whale ships recently arrived, bring-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ing each, on an average, 3,100 barrels of oil, and 25,000 pounds of
The sealing business in the
bone.
Pacific Ocean, has been conducted
here, very extensively, for many
Many
years, with great success.
ships are built, and a large number
of coasting vessels, and some in the
"West India trade, belong to this
This place is accommodated
port.
with a marine rail way, and a light
house at the entrance of the harbor.
Stoningtoii Borough is located on
a narrow point of land, extending
into the Sound about half a mile.
It is
It was incorporated in ISOl.
their
Dorchester, a resi-
lands in
dence was established for them at
this place, and called Punkapog.
There were 12
families of ChrisIndians here in 1674.
Mr.
Elliot, the apostle of the Indians,
had the chief agency in their removal.
There are two cotton and a woolen mill in the town, and manufactures of boots, shoes, shoe tools, and
boot forms
total value of manufactures, the year ending April 1,
1837, exclusive of cotton goods,
,$525,940 ; of which $487,390 was
tain
:
Hands emboots and shoes.
ployed in the various manufactures,
for
handsomely
laid out, is well built,
and contains about 1,200 inhabitants.
928.
Many
1736.
Stoughton was incorporated in
It lies 20 miles S. from BosPopton, and 10 S. from Dedham.
strangers visit this place in
summer months to enjoy the marine
It lies
air and delightful scenery.
54 miles S. E. from Hartford, 12 E.
from
London, and 62 E. from
ulation, 1830, 1,591
New
New
See "
Haven.
an important point
on the New York, Providence, and
Boston Rail Road.
The distance
from New York to Brooklyn, on
Stonington
25 from Stonington to Providence,
47 ; and from Providence to Boston
41 miles. Total distance from New
York to Boston,by this route, 211 1-2
.;
miles.
Until the completion of the rail
road on Long Island, passengers arc
conveyed
daily, by
to
Down
is
Long Island, across the ferry, is
half a mile; from Brooklyn to Greenport, at the easterly part of Long
Island, is 9S miles ; from thence,
across the Sound, to Stonington,
and from New York,
and splendid steam
safe
boats.
1837, 1,993.
;
Stow, Me.
East."
Stow, Vt.
Waterbury river
Lamoille co.
and its branches give this town a
good water power, and by which
several mills are put into operation.
between the Mans-
Stow
is
field
and Hog's Back mountains,
situated
and contains a large tract of level,
which appears to have
been of alluvial formation. This
valley contains some very beautiful
Between
and productive farms.
five and six thousand sheep are
kept, and the exports of agricultuStow is
ral products are valuable.
a flourishing town, and contains a
neat and pleasant mountain valley
fertile land,
village.
Stop River) Mass.
This stream
rises
from ponds in
"W'rentham, and joins Charles river
at Medfield.
Stougliton, Mass.
Norfolk CO.
Some of the head
waters of Neponset river rise in
this town.
When the Indians sold
This town was
first
1793. It lies 15 miles
settled
in
N. N. W. from
Montpelier, 12 S. from Hyde Park,
and 26 E. from Burlington. Population, 1820, 957 ; 1830, 1,570.
Sto^v, Mass.
Stow is watered
Middlesex co.
by the Assabet river, and possesses
The soil is
a good water power.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
and good for the
It lies 24 miles
W, by N. fi-om Boston, and S \V.
by S. from Concord. Incorporated,
light and sandy,
growth of hops.
1683.
Population, 1837, 1,134.
There are two woolen
the town,
and
mills in
manufactures
of
leather, boots, shoes, straw bonnets,
and palm-leaf hats: total value,
year ending
$231,611.
the
April
Strafford County,
1,
BT.
1837,
H.
Dover, Gilmanton, Gilford and
Rochester, are the shire towns.
Strafford county is bounded N. by
the county of Coos, E. by the state
of Maine, S. and S. W. by Rockingham and Merrimack counties,
W. by the Pemigewasset river,
which separates it from parts of the
counties of Grafton and Merrimack,
and N. W. by Grafton county. It
63
length, from the
mouth of Lamprey river to the N.
line of Albany
33 miles wide at
the centre.
Its shape, like that of
all the other counties in the state, is
irregular.
It contains an area of
1,345 square miles. This county,
which extends to the neighborhood
of the White mountains, has several considerable mountains within its
is
Great bay, Long bay and
bay, are connected with the Winnepisiogee lake.
Smith's pond, in Wolfeborough
Sixmile,in Eaton, Merrymeeting,
in New Durham, and Lovewell, in
Wakefield, are the principal ponds.
county.
Merry meeting
The
larger rivers, are the Piscataqua, Salmon Falls, Cocheco, Saco
and Swift rivers.
The soil of
Strafford county, though presenting
a great variety, is generally good.
The lands are generally hard of
cultivation, but the patient laborer
finds an
Chocorua Peak, in Albany,
Sandwich mountain in the same
range, Ossipee and Effingham mountains, Gunstock mountain, in Gilford, Moose, in Brookfield and Midlimits.
dlcton, TenerifFe, in Milton, and the
ridge denominated Blue Hills, are
the most elevated.
Red Hill, in
Moultonborough, has a commanding elevation, and has long attracted
visitors.
Below, the waters of the
Winnepisiogee lie open to the eye,
and its numerous islands and bays
present a fine appearance. This
lake is much the largest body of
water in the state, being 22 miles
long, and varying from one to eight
miles in width. Sullivan orSquam
lake, lies partly in this county, and
is 6 miles in length, and nearly 5 in
width. Ossipee lake is also in tbis
for his in-
Strafford county.
miles in
;
ample reward
dustry.
This county possesses a
large hydraulic power, and manufacturing establishments are constantly increasing on its streams.
Population, 1830, 58,916.
Populalation to a square mile, 44.
In
1S37, there were 53,602 sheep in
StraiTord, N.
H.
This town
lies 15
miles N. W. fi-om Dover, and 25
E. N. E. from Concord, and is about
7 miles in length, 6 1-2 wide. Bow
pond is in the S. W. part of the
town, and is about 650 rods long,
400 wide ; its waters form one of
the principal branches of the Is-
Strafford co.
inglass river.
The range of Blue
hills crosses the N. W. part of the
town.
The
soil
here
is
generally
of a good quality.
Strafford was
formerly a part of Barrington, and
was incorporated in 1820. Population, 1830, 2,200.
Strafford, Vt.
Orange co. This town is watered by a branch of Ompomponoosuc river, and lies 30 miles S. S. E.
from Montpelier, 30 N. from Windsor, and 11 S. S. E. from Chelsea.
Population, 1830, 1,935.
The surface of the town is rough,
but the soil is productive. It feeds
The
a large number of sheep.
manufacturing interests of Strafford
are quite extensive.
" In this township is an extensive
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
bed of the sulphuret of
iron,
which immense quantities
from
of
copperas are manufactured. The ore is
situated on the east side of an elevation, and the bed is about half a mile
in length, and from two to three
Its depth has not
rods in width.
company was
been ascertained.
incorporated by the name of the
A
" Vermont Mineral Factory Company," in October, 1809, which im-
Here it is
2,.500 pounds each.
boiled and evaporated to a certain
extent, and suffered partially to
cool.
It is then transferred to the
crystalizers, where the copperas
continues to crystalize, while cooling, and when the crystalization
ceases, the water is again returned
to the boilers, mixed with water
from the leaches, and again evaporated."
mediately commenced the manufacture of copperas, at this place.
In 1822, 180 tons of copperas were
manufactured here, and in 1823,
158 tons; since that time the manThe ore is
vifacture has increased.
covered to the depth of about three
Befeet with a stratum of earth.
low this is a stratum of ferruginous petrifactions, which exhibits
forms of buds, leaves, limbs of
trees, &c. in admirable perfection.
This stratum varies from two to
three feet in depth.
Below this
lies the bed of sulphuret of iron.
Its colors are
It is very compact.
brilliant, varying from that of steel
to a bright yellow, and its appearance is occasionally diversilied by
small quantities of green copper
It is also traversed in many
ore.
parts by small veins of quartz. The
ore is detached from the bed in
It is
large masses, by blasting.
then beaten to pieces with hammers and tiirown into heaps several
rods in length, about 12 feet in
width, and seven or eight in height.
Here it is suffered to lie exposed
to the action of the air and moisture until a spontaneous combustion takes place, and the whole
heap is converted from the sulphuret to the sulphate of iron, which
After
usually takes several weeks.
the process of burning is completed, the residue is removed to the
leaches, where water is passed
through it which dissolves the copperas and leaves the earthy matter
behind.
The water is then conveyed to the boilers, which are
made of lead, and weigh about
Stratford, N. H.
This town lies on the
Coos CO.
E. bank of Connecticut river, 16
The town
miles above Lancaster.
is large, extending 10 miles on the
river, with a fertile intervale of 1-4
This meadow is
to 1 mile wide.
skirted in many places by a narrow
plain, succeeded by the mountainous regions, covering the whole E.
and N. divisions of the town. The
soil, except along the river, is rocky,
The Peaks,
gravelly and cold.
tvv'o mountains of a conical form,
situated in the S. E. part of the
town, are seen at a great distance.
They are discovered immediately
on entering Dalton, 30 miles below,
and stand as land marks in front or
to the right, till, on nearer approach,
they are lost beliind the intervening
hills.
Bog brook and several smaller streams, here fall into the Connecticut; and Nash's stream crosses the S. E. part of the town into
There is a pond
the Amonoosuck.
in the S, E. part of the tovv^n, the
waters of v.'hich pass into the AmoStratford was incorporanoosuck.
Population, in 1830,
ted in 1779.
443.
Thomas Burnsidc,
of this town,
one of Rogers' Rangers in the
Some years afterFrench war.
wards, he was desirous of becoming
w^as
peace.
He procured Colonel Barr to assist his views,
and carrying with him, by his dia justice of the
rection, as a present, a firkin of
butter and a piece of linen, waited
upon Gov. Went worth, at Ports-
mouth.
He
stated to
tlie
governor
�NEW ENGLAND
GAZETTEER.
He was a brave and good
an ardent patriot, and in his
various public and private relations,
sustained a character distinguished
for integrity, benevolence and vir-
that the inhahitants of his town
could not live peaceably any longer
without a magistrate.
The governor enquired how many inhabitants
belonged to the town, and who was
the fittest man for the office. Thom-
in 1711.
answered that himself and his
neighbor were the only inhabitants,
a skirmish
as
and himself the only man qualified
for the appointment; for his neighbor was no more fit for a justice of
the peace than the d
1 was.
The
governor gave him his commission,
and was highly amused with the
singularity of the application.
Stratford, Ct.
Fairfield co. This town was first
settled in 1639, by persons from
Boston,
Roxbury
Mass. and
Indian
and Concord,
Wethersfield, Ct.
Its
name was Cupheag.
is
about 6 miles in
length from north to south, and its
breadth from east to west is between 2 and 3 miles. It is bounded north by Huntington, west by
Trumbull and Biidgeport, east by
the Housatonick, dividing it from
Milford, and south by Long Island
Sound.
The central part of the
town is 13 miles S. W. from NewHaven, and 8 E. by N. from Fairfield.
The township is mostly level
and free from stone, and there is a
Stratford
very rich alluvial tract of meadows on the river and harbor. The
principal street in the town, is one
mile in length, running north and
south, parallel to the Housatonick;
it is level, pleasant, and ornament-
ed with shade trees. On this street,
and others, in the immediate vicinity, there are about 200 dwelling houses, and 4 houses for public worship.
This place lies at the mouth of
Housatonick river, and has considerable inland and coasting trade.
Stratford Point, jutting out into
the Sound, is very pleasant, and a
noted landing place for passengers.
Gen.
David Wooster, was
native of this town, and
a
was born
officer,
tue.
He was
mortally
wounded
in
with the British troops,
the time of their incursion to
at
Danbury, in 1777.
Stratliaiii,
Rockingham CO.
N. K.
This town
lies
39
miles S. E. by E. from Concord, 3 E.
N. E. from Exeter, and is situated
on the E. side of the W. branch of
the Piscataqua river.
Stratham is
distant about 8 miles from the sea.
The land is even, and well calculated
for agricultural
purposes.
Farming is so exclusively the employment of the people, that although a navigable river adjoins it,
there is little attention given to any
other pursuit.
In the east part ot
the town, in a swamp, is perhaps
the largest repository of peat in the
state.
This town was a part of the
Squamscot patent, or Hilton's purIt was
made a town by
chase.
charter, P/Iarch 20, 1716.
Population, in 1830, 838.
Strattoii, Vt.
Windham
A
co.
mountainous
township in the west part of the
county, 18 miles N. E. from Bennington, and 22 N. W. from Brattleborough.
Branches of Deerfield
and Winhall ]-ivers rise here from
two ponds. The soil is cold and
generally unprofitable.
Population, 1830, 312.
Strong, Me.
Franklin co.
This excellent
township lies on both sides of Sandy
river, 45 miles N. Vi. from Augusta, and bounded South by FarmingPopulation, in 1837, 1,091.
is a large body of intervale
land on the Sandy, very fertile and
Strong
contains
productive.
a
pleasant and flourishing village,
some mills on the stream, and sevton.
There
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The
eral very beautiful ponds.
able water privileges.
ter's
generally a warm loam and productive the surface is elevated, and, in
the centre of the town, mountainous.
There are about 5,500 sheep
in the town.
Sudbury is 43 miles
S. W. from Montpelier, 47 S. by E.
from Burlington, and 17 N. W. from
Rutland. Population, 1830, 812.
In Porpond, about two miles long,
a salmon trout was taken, which
weighed twenty seven and a half
pounds.
Strong was incorporated in 1801,
and named in honor of Caleb
Stroxg, LL. D., formerly a
Senator
to
Congress, from
Ptlassa-
soil is
:
chusetts, and Governor of that state
He died at Northampton,
9 years.
Mass., his native town, Nov. 7,
1819, aged 74 years.
Sudbury River, Mass.
This river rises in Hopkinton
and its neighborhood, and after
passing Franiingham, Natick, SudSturtoridge, 3Isss.
bury, V» aylond and Lincoln, it
Worcester co. This is a very joins the Assabet at Concord.
pleasant town, and is well watered
by Quinebaug
W.
W.
W.
Sudbury, Mass.
river.
It
lies
(JO
This ancient
Middlesex co.
town is situated on the west side
porated, 173S.
Population, 1830, of a river of the same name, 19
1,688 1837, 2,004. The surface of miles W. by N. from Boston, and
Populathe town is uneven and hilly, and 8 S. W. from Concord.
It is watered by
the soil hard to subdue
but it has tion, 1837, 1,388.
become productive by good man- a small stream, a branch of Sudbuagement. There are some good ry river. There is a paper mill
in the town, a plough factory, and
tish ponds in the town, which serve
to swell the Quinebaug.
There manufactuies of boots and shoes*
miles
18 S.
S.
from
from Boston, and
Worcester. Incor-
;
;
are 6 cotton mills in Sturbridge and
manufactures of boots, shoes, leather, chairs, cabinet ware, clothing,
palm-leaf hats, trunks harnesses,
chairs, wagons, sleighs and pocket
rifles; total value, the
April
year ending
1837, $182,415.
1,
Success, N.
Coos
CO.
siderable
II.
There are several conmoun^aius in
this tract,
and two or three ponds. Narmarcungawack and Live rivers rise
here, and pass westerly into the
Androscoggin. Success was granted Feb. 12, 1773, to Benjamin
Mackay and others
and is 143
miles N. by E. from Concord. Pop;
ulation, 1830, 14.
Sudbury, Vt.
Rutland co. A part of Hubbardston, and Hinkum's ponds lie in this
town, neither of which, nor Otter
Creek, which passes through the
eastern part, produce any consider-
annual value about
Sudbury was
,'j?20,000.
1635.
1676, about 70 men, on theii
march for the relief of Marlbotirst settled in
In
rough, fell into an ambuscade with
the Indians: twenty six of the English were ]eft dead on the field ;
the residue were captured, and many of them afterwards tortured and
slain.
is
a
West of Sudbury causeway,
monument erected to their
memory, by president Wadsworth,
Harvard College, a son of the
of
Captain of the Band.
Suffield, Ct.
Suffield lies on the
Hartford co.
west side of Connecticut river, and
is bounded N. by Massachusetts, to
which state it was attached until
This territory, 8 by 5 miles,
1752.
was purchased about the year 1670,
of two Indian Chiefs, for one hun-
The surface on the
banks of the river, are elevated,
and althoush the town is without
dred dollars.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
much alluvial meadow, the soil being of a strong deep loam, is very
Suffield
fertile, and
productive.
contains some of the best farms in
the state.
It lies 16 miles N. from
Hartford, and 10 S. from SpringPopulation 1S30, 2,690.
field.
The principal village is pleasantly located on rising ground it
contains many handsome buildings ;
it is the site of the " Connecticut
Literary Institution," and commands delightful views of the river and circumjacent country.
GiDEo^r Granger, post master
general of the United States from
1801 to 1814, was born in Suffield,
He died at Caaandaigua,
in 1767.
N. Y., in 1822.
Oliver Phelps, Esq., " a man
of extraordinary enterprise and extensive business, was for many
He
years a resident of this tov/n.
was the 'maker of his own fortunes.'
He was a native of Windsor, but
;
was bred
in this
town, and received
He ena mercantile education.
gaged in business in Granville,
Mass., and soon became a very enterprising, sagacious and successful
During the revolutionary
trader.
war, he was employed by the state
of Massachusetts, in the commisWhilst in this
sary department.
situation, his transactions were of
a most extensive and responsible
nature, and his own paper formed
Afa kind of circulating medium.
terwards he purchased a large esIn
tate, and returned to this town.
1789, he, in connection with the
Hon. Mr. Gorham, purchased of
the commonwealth of Massachusetts, a tract of land in the western
part of the state of
York, in
what is commonly called the Genesee country, comprising 2,200,000
This is probably the greatacres.
est land purchase, or speculation,
ever made by two individuals in the
United States. This is a very excellent tract of land, having a mild
climate, and fertile soil, and an
abundance of waters, and is now
New
comprised in the extensive counties
and Steuben. In 1795,
Mr. Phelps, together with William
Hart and their associates, purchas
ed of Connecticut, the tract of land
in the state of Ohio, called the
Western Reserve, comprising 3,300,000 acres."
of Ontario
SiifFolk: CoTiiiity,
Mass.
See Boston and Chelsea.
Sugar
R,ivcr, W.
H.
This river originates from Sunapee Lake it passes through part of
Wendell, the whole of Newport,
and nearly through the centie of
Claremont, where it meets the Con;
Red
necticut.
Claremont,
is a
Water brook, in
tributary of Sugar
river.
Sullivan, Me.
Hancock co.
This
maritime
town is situated at the head of
Frenchman's bay, 93 miles E. from
Augusta, and 17 E. by S. from
Ellsworth.
Population "l837, 611.
Sullivan has mill privileges, and is
finely located for ship building, and
other branches of business connected with navigation.
This town was incorporated in
1789, and received its name in honor of John Sullivan, LL. D.,
a major general in the revolutionary war ; afterwards member of
congress, president of New Hampshire, and district Judge of the U.
He was born in Maine,
S. Court.
and died in New Hampshire, 1795.
James Sullivan, LL. D., a
brother of Gen. Sullivan, was born
He early esat Berwick, in 1744.
poused the cause of his country,
and sustained the officesof member
of the provincial congress, attorney
general and governor of Massachusetts, with great talents and faithfulness.
He died
while governor, in 1S08,
at a period of great political excite-
ment, honored and beloved by
parties.
all
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Sullivan County, X. H.
JVewport, chief town.
This
county is bounded N. by Grafton
county, E. by Memmack and a part
of Hillsborough counties, S. by
Cheshire county, and W. by Connecticut river, or the state of Vermont. It was taken from Cheshire
county in 1827, and contains an
area of about 533 square miles.
PopulaPopulation, 1830, 19,687.
The surtion to a square mile, 37.
face of the county is elevated, but
not mountainous: Croydon mounthe highest.
Along the streanis,
tain
is
particularly
on Connecticut river, the soil is
rich and exceedingly productive.
The uplands produce good grain,
and afford excellent pasturage for
which many are reared
market. Although this is the
smallest county in the state; in 1837,
it had 71,076 sheep, whose wool,
cattle, of
for
being partly Saxony, would average as good as full blood Merino.
Besides the Connecticut, which
waters its whole western frontier,
the Ashuelot,Cold, Sugar, Little Sugar rivers, and other streams furnish
the county with an abundant water
power, and Sunapee Lake and numerous ponds give beauty to its
otherwise varied and picturesque
scenery.
Augusta, and 8 N.
IS.
H.
Paris
name from
Sumjver, who was
Increase
governor of Massachusetts in 1798,
when
was incorporated.
the town
Gov. Sumner was a native of Roxbury, Mass. He died in 1799, aged
52 years.
Sunajjee
This lake
ILalce,
N. H.
W.
the
situated in
is
part of Merrimack county, and the
E. part of Sullivan, in the towns of
Wendell,
New
London and New-
bury.
It is 9 miles long, and about
Its outlet is
1 1-2 miles in width.
on the W. side through Sugar river.
The waters
more than 800
of this
feet
lake are
higher than the
Connecticut or Merrimack,
at the
nearest points.
Suucook River, N. H.
This river rises in a pond beGilmanton and Gilford, near
the summit of one of the Suncook
mountains, elevated 900 feet above
its base.
The water from this pond
passes through two others at the
foot of the mountains, and thence
through a flourishing village in the
S. E. part of Gilmanton, into Barntv,'een
stead, where it receives several
tributaries; thence through Pittsfield
Sullivan,
from
Population, 1837,1,190.
This town derived its
and Epsom, and between Aland Pembroke, into the
lensiovvn
Merrimack.
Cheshire
Keene
co.
The
distance from
6 miles, from Concord, 42
The S. E. part of this
S.
town is watered by Ashiielot river.
This town was incorporated in 1787,
and received its name from President Sullivan, the chief magistrate
Population in
of N. H. that year.
1830, 555.
W.
Suuderlanfl, Vt.
is
W.
Sumner, Me.
Oxford CO. Thi"s town is well
watered by a branch of Androscoggin river it has a fine soil, and
produced in 1837, 7,144 bushels of
wheat. It lies 44 miles W. from
Bennington
first
S. S.
co.
This town was
settled in 1765. It lies 87 miles
W. from
Montpelier, and
15
N. by E. from Bennington. Poputhe town is
lation, 1830, 463.
watered by several ponds. Battenkill river and Roaring brook. There
some
fine land along the streams,
Sunderland, excellent mill sites,
and lead ore in granular limestone.
is
in
Sunderland, Mass.
;
Franklin
co.
the east side
This town
lies
of Connecticut
on
riv-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
er, 90 miles W. from Boston, and
9 S. b}"^ E. from Greenfield. It was
taken from Hadley in 1718. Population, 1S37, 729.
The settlement
in this town is principally on a
street running parallel
with the
river.
Between the street and the
river is a tract of fertile meadow
on the other side of the village is a
more elevated plain, and back of
that, Mount Toby rears its lofty
Surry, N. H.
This town lies 54
Concord, and 6
N. W. from Keene.
It is watered
by Ashuelot liver, on which there
Cheshire
miles
S.
oo.
W. from
a tract of valuable meadow
land, extending almost the whole
is
:
This mountain
front.
is
composed
of pudding stone, and the small
stones within it are round and
smooth as though washed by the
ocean they are of various sizes,
and of every color. On one side is
a cavern 60 feet deep ; and many
other ruptures seem to indicate some
great change in this mountain since
its formation.
This village is very
pleasant, and the scenery around it
is of a fascinating character.
The
people here are good farmers, and
are noted for their good schools and
philanthropic disposition.
;
Sunkliaze; Me.
Sunkhaze stream meets
the Pefrom the east, about 15
miles above Old Town village, in
Orono. The plantation of Sunkhaze lies on this stream, 82 miles
N. E. from Augusta. The popula-
nobscot,
tion of the plantation, in 1830,
was
250.
Surry, Me.
Hancock
W.
side of
co.
Surry
Union
lies
on the
river, 6 miles S.
Irom Ellsworth, and 87 E. by N.
from Augusta.
This town is accommodated with
navigable privileges, and water
power
There
of superior excellence.
are some manufactures in
the town, but the inhabitants are
generally independent farmers.
Many of the farms are rendered
very
fertile
by an inexhaustible bed
of shell marl, of a very fine qualIncorporated, 1803.
ity.
Population, 1830, 561; 1837, 735.
length of the town.
On
the east
Ashuelot river is a steep
and high mountain, on the summit
of which is a pond of about 3 acres
in extent, and about 25 feet depth
side
of
of water.
Surry was originally a part of
Gilsum and Westmoreland. It was
incorporated in 1769, deriving its
name from *SMrry in England. The
first settlement was made in 1764,
by Peter Hayward.
Population,
1830, 539.
Sutton,
]V.
H.
Merrimack co.
This town lies
25 miles W. N. W. from Concord.
The southerly and largest branch
of Warner river enters this town on
the south, runs a short distance,
and passes off into Warner again.
The northerly branch of this river
runs nearly through the centre of
the town from north to south, and
affords several good mill seats. Stevens' brook, another considerable
branch of Warner river, has its
source on the W. side of Kearsai-ge,
and runs about 4 miles in this town,
in a S. E. direction.
There is also
a large
branch of Blackwater
which has
riv-
source about the
western confines of Kearsarge, and
flows through this town in a N.
On the
E. course about 3 miles.
margin of this stream, there is some
er,
rich
its
meadow and
intervale
land.
There are several ponds, the most
important of which are Kezar's
pond, situated towards the N. part
of the town, which is about 190
rods square ; and Long pond, situated at the south part of the town.
Kearsarge mountain extends more
than half the length of Sutton ou
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the E. side.
King's Hill is situated
on the W. part of Sutton. On the
most elevated part of this hill, which
rises within a few feet as high as
Kearsarge, there is one of the most
extensive landscape views in the
country.
On the W. is seen the
Sunapee lake, the Ascutney, and
highlands in Vermont to the Green
mountains; on the S. the Sunapee
and Monadnock
on the E. you
almost overlook Kearsarge, and on
the north the Cardigan and White
;
hills.
Sutton was granted in 1749.
It
called Perrys-toion, from Obatliah Perry, one of its Oi-iaiual and
was
principal
The
proprietors.
tirst
settlement was made in 1767. Population, 1S30, 1,424.
On the W. bank of Kezar's pond,
were several acres of land, which
fippeared to have been cleared of
their original forests.
Here were
found several Indian hearths, laid
with stone, and with much skill and
ingenuity.
Indian burial
Here was found an
Gun
barrels
and arrows have been found
in this
place.
sacred repository.
Near the pond,
have been found stone pestles, mortars
and tomahawks.
Sutton, Vt.
Caledonia CO.
This town
is
wa-
by
several ponds and by
hranches of Passumpsic river.
It
lies IS miles N. E. from Montpelier. and 13 N. from Danville. First
settled, 1791.
Population, 1830,
1,005.
7'he surface of the town is level,
and in some parts so low as to render the soil cold and unproductered
tive.
Sutton, Mass.
Worcester co.
This is a very
pleasant and flourishing town, 44
miles W. by S. from Boston, and 9
S. by E. from Worcester.
Incorporated, 1715.
Population, 1830,
2,186; 1837, 2,457.
Sutton is watered bv BUickstone
05*
river, and the Blackstone canal
passes through the town.
There
are in the town four cotton and two
woolen mills, two scythe factories,
and manufactures of boots, shoes,
shuttles and spindles: total
year
$309,578.
the
ending April
1,
value,
1837,
The surface of the town is agreeably diversified, and the soil capable of producing good crops. Granite and soapstone are abundant.
" Purgatory Cavern," in this town,
is a great curiosity.
It is a fissure
in gneiss, nearly half a mile long,
in most parts partially filled by the
masses of rock that have been deThe sides
tached from the walls.
are often perpendicular, and some
times 70 feet high being separated
from each other about 50 feet.
;
Swanzey, N. H.
Cheshire co.
This town lies 6
S. from Keene, and 60 S.
W. from Concord.
The principal
streams are the Ashuelot and the
South Branch rivers.
The former
passes through Swanzey in a S. W.
direction, and empties into the Connecticut at Hinsdale.
This is a
stream of much importance, and is
made navigable for boats as far up
as Keene, excepting a carrying
place about the rapids at WinchesThe South Branch unites
ter.
with the Ashuelot about one mile
north from the centre of the town.
The surface here is somewhat diversified with hills, valleys, and
swells of upland.
There is one
pond in the S. W. part of the town,
the source of the South Branch.
There is a mineral spring, the water of which is impregnated with
miles
sulphate of iron.
Some iron ore
has been discovered.
Here are 2
cotton factories, 1 cotton and woolen
factory, and other machinery.
Swanzey was
first
granted by
After the
run, it was
Massachusetts, in 1733.
divisional line was
granted in 1753, by
shire.
New Hamp-
Until that time
it
had been
�NEW ENGLAND
called
Indian
was
Lower Ashuelot, from the
name of the river, which
originally Ashaelock.
From 1741 to 1747, this town suffered much from Indian depredaSeveral of the inhabitants
tions.
and many were made
After Massachusetts
withdrew her protection, the settlers collected together their household furniture, such as chests, tables, iron and brass ware, and concealed it in the ground, covering
of concealment with
the place
leaves, trees, &c., and left their
were
killed
prisoners.
plantation to the disposition of the
Indians, who were not tardy in setting fire to their forts, which, with
every house except one, they reduced to ashes.
Most of the people went to their former places of
residence in Massachusetts.
They
returned about three years afterwards, and nothing about their former habitation Avas to be seen, but
ruin and desolation.
Population,
1830, 1,816.
Swanzey, Mass«
Bristol CO.
This town lies between Somerset, and Bristol, R. I.
An arm of Mount Hope bay sets
up some miles into the town, on
which is some navigation and ship
building.
There are two paper mills, a cotton and a woolen mill in the town,
and manufactures of vessels, boots
and shoes:
annual
value,
about
$50,000.
Swanzey
is a very pleasant town,
interesting as the scene of
much savage aggression. Here it
was that Philip commenced his war,
in 1675, by plunder and murder.
and
GAZETTEER.
on the east side of Lake
Champlain, opposite to North Hero
and Alburgh. It is 50 miles N. AV.
from Montpelier, 28 N. from Burlington, and is bounded by St. Albans on the south, and Highgate on
situated
Population, 1830, 2,158.
first settled by the
whites in 1787. At that time the
St. Francois Indians had about fifty
cabins here, and large plantations of
the north.
Swanton was
corn.
Missisque river passes through
Swanton, and fertilizes a considerable portion of its territory.
This
river
is
navigable for lake vessels to
falls, six miles from its
Swanton
mouth.
These
46 miles S. by W. from Boston, and 14 S. W. by S. from Taunton.
Incorporated, 1667.
Population, 1837, 1,627.
descend twen-
feet,
and an abundance of beautiful marThis marble is of various colors, and large quantities of it ig
ble.
wrought into all desired patterns,
polished, and transported.
The surface and soil of the town
is favorable to agricultural pursuits,
with the exception of a part bordering the lake, which is low, wet and
cold ; and which is the favorite
abode, in summer, of wild geese,
ducks and other water fowls.
The village of Swanton is pleasantly located, and is the site of a
number of manufactories, and of
an increasing trade from the interior
country, and to
New
York and
Canada.
of
Swanton may boast of the purity
its air and water, and of a Wal-
is
It lies
falls
and, with other smaller
streams, give to Swanton a water
power of great value.
Bog iron ore is found in this town,
ty
who
ter Scott,
died in 1815, aged
110 years.
Swanville, Me.
Waldo CO. This town lies 8 miles
N. from Belfast, and 46 E. by N.
It was incorporafrom Augusta.
It is watered by
ted in 1818.
Paasaggassawakeag lake and
Sivantoia, Vt.
river,
and possesses a pleasant surface and
Franklin
co.
This township
is
fertile soil.
Population, 1837, 794.
�—
NEW ENGLAND
Wheat
crop,
same year, 2,556 bush-
esque appearance.
The town lies
ridges and valleys, generally
rocky and fertile.
The princ-ipal
in
els.
Svredeu, Me.
rivers are
Oxford CO. The waters from Kezer pond in Lovell, pass through
this town, and give it mill privi-
Sweden
9 miles N. E.
from Fryeburg, 19 S.W. from Paris,
and 62 W. S. W. from Augusta.
Population, in
Incorporated, 181.3.
Wheat crop, same year,
1837, 621.
1,485 bushels.
leges.
GAZETTEER.
lies
S>vift Rivers.
Bearcamp, which passes
through the town in an easterly direction, and discharges its waters
Swift river,
Ossipee lake ;
rises near the N. W. corner
of the town, and passing through
its centre, mingles its waters with
into
which
the Bearcamp ; and Conway river,
proceeding from Conway pond, near
Albany ; and crossing the S. line
of Tamworth, near the S. E. corner
of the town, near which it empties
Swift river, in Maine, is a branch
of the Androscoggin, from the N.
These rivers unite at Mexico.
Swift river, in J\^ew Hampshire,
rises among the mountains in the
ungranted lands N. W. of Albany,
and passes through the town from
west to east with great rapidity, and
Its
falls into the Saco in Conway.
whole course is rapid, and in one
place it falls 30 feet in the distance
of 6 rods, through a channel in the
solid rock of about 12 feet wide
the sides being from 10 to 30 feet
At the upperpendicular height.
per part of these falls, are found
several circular holes worn perpendicularly into the rock, several feet
in depth and from 6 inches to 2 feet
in diameter. There is another small
river in Tamworth of the same
into
name.
Plymouth, Mass.,
Bearcamp
river.
By
these
and other small streams, the
town is uncommonly well watered.
On these streams is a great number
rivers,
Tamof excellent mill privileges.
worth was granted in 1766, and
Population,
was settled in 1771.
1830, 1,554.
Tariffville, Ct.
See Simsbury.
Taughkaunic Mountains.
This range of mountains skirt the
western border of New England,
and separate the waters of the
Housatonick and Hudson.
Taunton River.
This river rises in the county of
and falls into
Swift river, in Massachusetts, Mount Hope Bay. The Taunton
and its branches, water the towns
it
rises in a pond in New Salem
passes through the towns of Pres- of Abington, Hanson, Halifax, and
the Bridge waters,
cott, Greenwich and Belchertown, Plympton, all
and joins the Chickopee at Palmer. Raynham, Taunton, Berkley, Dighton, Freetown, Fall river, SomerTam^vortli, N. H.
It is navigable
set and Swansey.
This town is situa- to Taunton, for small vessels, and
Strafford co.
contemplated improveted on the post road from Concord with its
enabled
to Portland, about 58 miles from ments, steam boats will be
to run to Taunton, and thus become
each, and 30 N. from Gilford.
There is no mountain situated another channel of conveyance beOn the N. tween Boston and New York. This
wholly in this town.
mountains of Albany, and river is celebrated for the great and
are the
the S. the line crosses a part of Os- widely distributed water power it
The mountains to produces, and for the multitude of
sipee mountain.
the N. have a romantic and pictur- alewives within its waters.
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
founder was Miss Elizabeth Poole
following i* on her grave stone :
Tarnitou, Mass.
The
One
of the cliief towns in Bristol
This very beautiful town is situated at the junction of Canoe,
Rumfoi-d and Taunton rivers, and
possesses an excellent water power.
CO.
There
is
some excellent land in
town, and
this
proprietors display
much taste in its cultivation. The
business of the place is, however,
rather in manufactures than agriculture.
There are 8 cotton mills
and a print works, in the town ; also
a paper mill, 3 nail factories, a forge,
a furnace, and manufactures of
boots, shoes, leather, hats, chairs,
brick, vessels, straw bonnets, and
britannia, stone and cabinet wares
total value of the manufactures, the
year ending April 1, 1837, exclusive of cloth printing and iron castings, ^1,425,552.
The number of
hand.* employed in these manufactures was 1,308.
There is some
navigation owned in this town,
which is employed in the coastwise
trade, and domestic fishery.
The manufacture of britannia
ware at this place, is of recent origin in this country, and proves sucits
" Here rest the remains of Elizabeth
Poole, a native of Old England, of
good family, friends, and prospects,
all which she left in the prime of her
life, to enjoy the religion of her conscience, in this distant wilderness ; a
great proprietor of the township of
Taunton, a chief promoter of its settlement, and its incorporation in 1639
10 3 about wliich time she settled
near this spot, and having employed
the opportunity of her virgin state in
piety, liberality, and sanctity of manners, died May 21, 1G64, aged 65."
—
Temiscouata Lake, Me.
See
Madawaska
River.
Temple, Me.
This was formerly
Kennebec county. It lies
40 miles N. N. W. from Augusta,
and is bounded N. by Farmington.
PopIt was incorporated in 1803.
ulation, 1837, 871.
Wheat crop,
same year, 5,793 bushels.
Franklin co.
a part of
Temple,
Hillsborough
co.
'N.
H.
Temple
is
12
W. by S. from Amherst, and
manufactur- 40 S. S. W. from Concord. The
cessful.
The articles
ed, are tea sets, castors, urns, and
all the varieties of that description
of ware.
The quality of the metal,
and beauty of the polish of this
ware, is said to equal any imported from " Britannia."
The
village contains a large
num-
ber of handsome public and private
buildings, tastefully located around
a beautiful enclosure, called "Taunton Green."
This public walk
is ornamented
with trees, which
heightens the beauty of this de-
lightful village.
Taunton
is
32 miles
S.
from Bos-
by N. from Providence,
and 32 N. E. from Newport. A
rail road connects this town with
ton, 20 E.
Population, 1820, 4,520;
Boston.
1830, 6,042
1837, 7,647.
The settlement of this place commenced ia 1637.
Its principal
miles
several streams which empty inSoiihegan river at Wilton, rise
among the mountainous tracts on
the W., and generally from sources
within the limits of Temple. This
town is of considerable elevation.
The prospect towards the E. and S.
is very extensive, and presents a
rich and diversified scenery. From
the highest point of elevation, in a
clear atmosphes-e, about 20 meetinghouses may be seen by the naked
eye. The surface is uneven and
pleasant.
The soil is tolerably
good.
Temple is the easterly part
of what was called Peterborough
Slip.
It was incorporated in 1768.
Population, in 1830,641.
to
Templeton, Mass.
;
Worcester
co.
Several streams,
affording good mill seats, water this
�NEW ENGLAND
town, and pass to the Connecticut,
by Miller's and Chickopee rivers.
The surface of the town is uneven,
but not mountainous; the elevated
parts afford good pasturage, and the
excellent crops of grain
valleys,
and hay. Tlie manul'actures consist of woolen goods, boots, shoes,
leather, iron castings, shoveb, hoes,
spades, forks, palm leaf hats, chairs,
carriages, and cabinet, tin and wooden wares: value, the year ending
April 1, 1S37, $145,400. The village is very pleasantly located, and
presents some beautiful landscapes.
This town lies 60 miles W. N. W.
from Boston, and 26 N. N. W. from
Worcester.
Incorporated in 1762.
Population, 1837, 1,690.
Tewlisbury, Mass.
Middlesex
co.
The
Indians call-
Wamesit. It lies on
the south side of Merrimack river,
19 miles N. W. by W. from Boston,
ed
this place
and 6 E. S. E. from Lowell. Incorporated, 1734.
Population, 1337,
907.
The surface of the town is
level, and the soil light and sandy.
Tlxames River,
Ct.
This river is formed by the union
of Quinebaug, Shetucket and Yantic rivers, near Norwich, and is
navigable from that place to New
London, 14 miles. The banks of
this river are romantic and beautiful, and possess great interest, as
the residence of the once powerful,
noble hearted and brave Mohegans.
Thatch.er's Island, Mass.
See Gloucester.
Thetford, Vt.
Orange
town is pleasantly situated on tlie west side of
co.
Tl)is
an elevation, the base of which is
only 4 rods from Connecticut river,
and 100 feet in height. It is very
deep ; it has neither inlet or outlet,
and contains large quantities of
perch and other tish. The surface
of the town is generally rocky and
uneven; it has but little intervale,
but the soil is strong and productive.
It feeds between 7 and 8,000 sheep.
There are some manufactures
Mi branches, give the town an excellent water power.
There are
several ponds in Thetford, one of
which is worthy of notice. It covers about 9 acres, and is situated on
in
the town, a rich vein of galena, and
three neat villages.
Thetford was
first settled in 1761. It lies 34 miles
S. S. E. from Montpelier, and 18 S.
E. from Chelsea.
Population, in
1830, 2,113.
Tliomastou, Me.
Lincoln co. This is a very flourishing maritime town, situated between the western entrance of Penobscot Bay and St. Georges' river,
and comprises the celebrated peninsula of OwVs Head.
It lies 36
miles S. E. from Augusta, 37 E.
from Wiscasset, and is bounded N.
W. by AVarren. Incorporated, 1777.
Population, in 1820, 2,651; 1830,
4,221 ; 1837, 5,272.
Thomaston is the site of the State
prison, which is
located on the
bank of the St. George. The buildings occupy a plat of 10 acres, including a marble quarry ; they are
all of stone, and are surrounded by
a high stone wall.
The convicts
are principally employed in cutting
granite into various forms for building, and which, when prepared, is
transported by water.
The granite
is of an excellent quality, and is
found in large quantities on the
river.
Thomaston
is
a place of consider-
maritime commerce and ship
building; but the most important
able
to Lyme, business of its people,
The Ompomponoosuc and rying and burning of
Connecticut river,opposite
N. H.
GAZETTEER.
the quarlime, from
inexhaustible ledges of limestone
within its limits.
There are annually made at this place, no less than
350,000 casks of lime, the same in
quality and reputation as that preis
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
pared at Camden, 10 miles distant.
This manufacture, united with
those of granite and marble, give
employment
constant
number
'
of
men
Thomaston
is
to
a
large
a beautiful Atlantic
Tliompsoji, Ct.
This town lies 47
from Hartford, 14
N. from Brooklyn, 27 W. N. W.
from Providence, R. I., and 53 S.
W. from Boston. It is bounded N.
by Massachusetts, and E. by Rhode
Island.
It was formerly a part of
Killingly, and was first settled
about the year 1715. The surface
of the town is hilly, but not mounco.
miles E. N. E.
presents a pleasing vaelevations and valleys.
The soil is a gravelly loam, strong,
and productive of good crops of
corn and hay, and affords excellent
pasturage. French river meets the
Quinnebaug near the centre of the
town, and Five Mile river, issuing
from several ponds, waters the easttainous
riety of
:
it
These streams give
ern part.
to
the town a valuable water power,
and on their banks are the pleasant
and thriving villages of Masonsville,
Fishersville
and
Boston.
These are manufacturing villages,
and contain 10 cotton and woolen
mills, and a number of other manu-
New
.
This town
factures.
very pleasant
;
it
is
large,
contains a class
and mechanics.
The
population of Thompson, in 1837,
was about 4,100. The Indian name
of the place was Quinnetessett.
The plantations of the natives are
still apparent.
Tliorndilte, Me.
"N. II.,
Grafton co., is bounded N. by
Peeling and Lincoln, E. by ungranted land, S, by Campton, and W.by
Ellsworth and Peeling.
It is 12
miles N. from Plymouth, and 58 N.
by W. from Concord.
It is watered by Pemigewasset river, passing
through the town from N. to S., by
Mad river at the S. E. extremity,
and by several small brooks.
On
Mill brook, there is a cascade, at
which the water falls 7 feet in 2
rods, and then falls over a rock 42
feet perpendicular.
The intervales
on the Pemigewasset are productive.
There are many elevations,
but none distinguished
for a remarkable height.
Thornton was granted in 1763.
It was first settled in
1770.
Thornton was incorporated
in 1781.
Population, 1830, 1,049.
Tinmoutli, Vt.
Rutland co.
This town is sepafrom Wallingford by Otter
Creek.
Furnace brook rises from
a pond in the south part of the town,
and passing through Tinmouth and
Clarendon, falls into Otter Creek,
at Rutland.
This stream has been
rated
noted
a
The
in
is
for
great quantities of fish of
remarkable large
and
of enterprising and intelligent agriculturalists
Tliomtou,
and vessels.
town, and commands a great variety
of marine scenery.
Windham
ted in 1819. Population, 1837, 763.
Wheat crop, same year, 6,975
bushels.
size.
surface of the town
is
hilly,
some parts mountainous. There
some good land on the streams,
and a large portion of the high land
good for the pasturage of sheep,
of which between 3,000 and 4,000
are kept.
There are several quarries of beautiful marble in the town,
iron ore in abundance, and several
iron works.
Tinmouth was first
is
settled in 1770.
It lies
8 miles S.
Waldo CO. This is an agricultural from Rutland. Population, 1830,
town of pleasant surface and fertile 1,049.
soil, 59 miles N. E. from Augusta,
Tisbury, Blass.
and 17 N. W. from Belfast. It is
watered by a branch of Sebasticook
Dukes CO. Tisbury lies on the
Thorndike was incorpora- north side of Martha's Vineyard,
river.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
and contains tho noted harbor of
This harbor is
large and safe, and of a sufficient
depth of water for the largest merchantmen.
It is much frequented
by vessels passing through Vineyard Sound particularly when the
winds are contrary.
From this
harbor, across the Sound, to Falmouth, on Cape Cod, is 6 miles.
A number of small vessels belong
to this place, and one of 33S tons
Is employed in the whale fishery.
There are some manufacture3 of
salt, boots, shoes, leather, and hats
"Holmes' Hole."
;
;
1S37, there were 2,655
sheep in the town.
Tisbury is 77 miles S. S. E. from
Boston, S W. from Edgarton, and
23 S. E. from New Bedford.
Incorporated, lo71. Population, 1S37,
and,
in
sachusetts until 1746. It is 24 miles
S. E. from Providence, and 13 N.
Population,
E. from Newport
1830, 2,905.
The captor of the British General Prescott, was a native of Tiver-
His name was Tak,
ton.
a slave,
the property of Thomas Sisson. a
" During the
wealthy farmer.
Revolution, Tak was sent by his
master into the army, to serve as a
substitute for another man who was
drafted.
When Col. Barton took
Gen. Prescott on Long Island, Tak
was one of Col. Barton's chosen
men and the one on whom he
;
most depended.
Having entered
the house where Gen. Prescott
was quartered, Col. Barton,
ed by Tak and two or three
proceeded silently
to
the
followothers,
door of
chamber where General Prescott was sleeping.
The colonel
the
1,461.
Tiverton, R.
I.
finding the door fastened, turned
Newport co. Tiverton is bounded N. and E. by Massachusetts, S.
by Little Compton, and W. by the
eastern passage into Mount Hope
and whispering to Tak,
I w;ish
that door opened, General Prescott
taken, and carried by tlie guard to
the boat, without the least noise or
and Narraganset bays.
It is connected with Portsmouth, on the island of Rhode Island, by a stone
bridge at a place called " Howland's Ferry."
disturbance.'
The
surface of the town is varied
and valleys. Its structure
is granite, and the land, in some
The soil is principarts, is stony.
pally a gravelly loam, and capable
There
of producing good crops.
are valuable forests of timber in
the town, and a considerable number of sheep.
The navigable privileges of Tiverton are of a superior kind
and
are improved, to some extent, in
the fishery, and foreign and domesThere are large ponds
tic trade.
in the town, well supplied with
by
hills
;
These ponds produce a water
power which is applied to the manfish.
ufacture of cotton and other mate-
" Tak stepped back two or three
paces,
then plunging violently
against the door, burst it open, and
rushed into the middle of the room.
At the same instant General Prescott sprang from his bed and seized
his gold watch, hanging upon the
wall.
Tak sprang upon him like a
tiger, and clasping the general in
his brawny arms, said in a low,
stern voice, 'One word, and you
area dead man!'
Then hastily
snatching the general's cloak and
wrapping it round his body, and at
same time telling his compan-
the
ions to take the rest of his clothes,
he took the general in his arms, as
if a child, and ran with him by the
guard towards the boat, followed by
Colonel Barton and the rest of his
company."
Tak was more than
little
six
feet in
height, well proportioned, and re-
rials.
This town was attached
'
to
Mas-
markable
for liis
shrewdness,
agil-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
and strength.
He attained
great age, and was never known to
taste of any kind of meat.
ity
Tollancl, Mass.
Hampden
co. Tolland is situated
on the border cf Litchtield county,
Connecticut, and is watered by the
upper branch of Farmington river.
The
surface is elevated, but the
lands are finely adapted for graz-
ing.
There
town of
are manufactui-es in the
shovels, spades, forks,
hoes, and wooden ware ; and here
is a large tannery, but the inhabitants are chiefly farmers.
Tolland was incorporated in 1810.
Population, 1830, 570.
It lies 110
miles W. S. W. from Boston, and 20
W. from Springfield.
Tolland County,
Ct.
Tolland is the chief town. This
county was taken from Hartford
and Windham counties in 17S6. It
is bounded N. by Massachusetts,
E. by Windham, S. by New London, and W. by Hartford counties.
Its greatest length from N. to S. is
30 miles. It covers an area of 337
square miles.
Population, 1820,
14,330 1830, 18,700.
Inhabitants
to a square mile, 56.
The western part of the county
lays within the great valley of the
Connecticut
it is generally free
from stone, undulating, fertile and
productive
the eastern section is
within the granitic range which
extends through the state much
of this portion of the county is covered with forests; that part which is
cleared affords good grazing.
In
1837, there were in the county
23,096 sheep. The Scantic, Willimantic, Salmon, Hockanum and
Hop rivers, with their tributaries,
afford the county a good
water
power, and manufactures flourish
within its limits.
;
:
:
:
Tolland, Ct.
Shire town of Tolland county.
This town has a population of 1,700
inhabitants, and is situated on the
nearest mail route from Hartford to
Boston.
Its products are English
It congrain, grass, potatoes, Sec.
two small woolen manufactowith water power sutficient to
operate a greater number with corresponding machinery.
It lies 1.8
miles E. N. 11. from Hartford, 17
N. from Windham, 27 W. N. W.
from Brooklyn, and 30 N. from Norwich.
The land is rather sterile,
mountainous and uneven. The inhabitants are industrious and inteltains
ries,
ligent,
Topsiield, Me.
Washington co.
This township
was number eight in the second
range north of the Bingham Penobscot Purchase.
It was incorporated
We guess that
year 1838.
lies about 25 miles N. N.
E. from the mouth of MatawamWe should like to
keag River.
^•notfj " how the land lies."
See
" Down East."
in the
this
town
Topsiield, Mass.
Essex
CO.
This
is
a very pleas-
by Ipswich river
branches.
The surlace is
ant town, watered
and its
agreeably diversified by
hills
and
valleys. There are some fine tracts
of intervale in the town, and the
uplands possess a strong soil, ren-
dered productive by industrious and
farmers.
skilful
manufacture
is
The
that of
principal
boots and
shoes,in which between 500 and 600
hands are employed, making annually about $100,000 in value. This
town lies 21 miles N. by E. from
Boston, and 9 N. by W. from Salem.
Population, 1837, 1,049.
Topsfield was first settled about
the year 1642.
It was incorporated
in 1650.
Among the names of the
first settlers
were Peabody, Per-
Cummings, Bradstreet,
Gould, Town, Easty, Smith, and
Wildes many of whose deseeni,-
kins, Clark,
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ants now cultivate the soil of their
progenitors.
menced
the kind,
Topsliatn, Me.
manufacture of brass
the
establishment of
believed, in the Uni-
kettles, the first
it is
ted States.
One of the shire towns of Lincoln
WolcottviUe owes its rise, prinCO.
Topsham is pleasantly situated cipally, to Oliver Wolcott,
on the N. side of Androscoggin riv- secretary of the United States
er, opposite to Brunswick.
This is
a good farming town, and, in common with Brunswick, enjoys a great
hydrauhc power, and accommodabuilding and naviga-
tions for ship
tion.
It
is
a place of considerable
trade, and mucli
ly shipped.
lumber
is
Topsham was
;
This town is on elewith a rocky, strong
adapted to grazing.
It contains much granite, and is watered
by the upper branches of Wait's
which propel a number of
The town was first settled
Population
in 1781.
1830, 1,384.
from j\Iontpelier, 47 N. from Windsor, and 15 N.
E. from Chelsea.
It is
19 miles S. E.
Torrington,
Litchfield
first settled in
diversified
the
soil is
by
co.
1737.
Middlesex co. The surface of
town is rather level some parts
this
Ct.
This town was
Its surface is
and valleys, and
better adapted to grazing
hills
than the culture of grain. There
are many sheep in the town, and
the products of the dairy are con-
productive,
trees.
south part of the
26 miles W. N. W. from
Hartford, 40 N. by W. from New
Haven, and 7 N. by E. from Litch;
This vilhigc is situated in a
and contains an extensive
woolen factory, a church, an academy, and a number of handsome
dwelling houses. Near this village,
a good bed of copper ore has recently been discovered
and ^Ir.
Israel Coe, the proprietor, has com-
field.
valley,
;
36
watered by
a
of
it is
fruit
branch
ot
"Townsend Harbor," on
wich. N. H.,
is
to
New
Ips-
an active, pleasant
The manufactures of this
consist of leather, palm-leaf
hats, boots, shoes, ploughs, straw
bonnets, fish barrels, nail kegs, and
village.
town
dry casks;
annual value,
about
This town was incorpo,^75,000.
rated in 1732.
Population, in 1830,
1
,506
;
1837,
1
,749.
It lies
38 miles
N. from Boston, and 22 N. W. from
Concord.
Toii'iislieutl, Vt.
Windham
first
town
gener-
some sections
the road from Groton
branches of Naugatuck river meet at WolcottviUe, a beautiful village, in the
soil is
particularly
It is
erations.
first
Two
The
the Nashua, a beautiful mill stream,
on which are divers mechanical op-
Population, 1830, 1,654.
siderable.
;
are pine plains.
ally light, but in
soil,
river,
mills.
To-ivnsencl, Mass.
in
Topsliani, Vt.
Orange co.
vated ground
;
annual-
incorporated
Population, 1837, 1,778.
1764.
Treasury, during the administrations of Washington and John Adams and governor of Connecticut
10 successive years.
He was born
at
Litchfield, and died in New
York, 1833, aged 74.
settled
co.
in
This tov.n was
1761.
Among
the
was Gen. Samuel
Fletcher, who was a sergeant at
the battle of Bunker Hill, in 1775,
settlers,
and a captain at Ticonderoga, in
1777.
He afterwards rose to the
rank of inrijor general of the militia
was high sherifTof the county
18 years, and finally became judge
of the court.
Lie was formerly a
blacksmith
but having welded
himself to a buxom lass, he came to
thi^-, then wilderness spot, and, with
his axe cut his way to fortune, usefulness and renown.
;
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
West
river passes
through the
town with considerable rapidity
along its banks are some tracts of
good intervale
but the surface of
is generally hilly, and the
soil more
calculated for grazing
than tillage. There are some manufactures in the town, a high school
of good reputation, and two pleas;
the town
ant villages.
Townshend lies 12
miles N. N. W. from Brattleborough, 23 N. E. from Bennington, 95 S. from Montpelier, and is
bounded S. by Newfane. Population, 1830, 1,38G.
was then called Montgomery, and
changed again in 1827, to its present name.
If these Trojans are
name of their town,
they are good farmers, and produced in 1837, 9,194 bushels of wheat.
The surface of the town is undulating and fertile
a large part of it is
covered with heavy timber. It is
watered by a branch of the Sebasticook, from
v/hich river it lies
about 6 miles S. E. It is 39 miles
N. E. from Augusta, and 25 N. W.
from Belfast. Population, in 1830,
803; 1837, 1,110.
fickle about the
;
Trenton, Me.
Hancock
Trenton
Troy, N.
11.
advantages
Cheshire co. This town is bounded N. by Marlborough, E. by Jaffrey, S. by Fitzwilliam, and W. by
Richmond and Swanzey.
It is
about 60 miles S. W. from Concord,
and 12 S. E. from Keene. The in-
large
habitants are principally agricultu-
co.
is
situated
on a navigable passage between
Frenchman's bay on the E., Union
river on the W., and N. of the island
town of Eden. It possesses great
and a
for navigation,
portion of its people is engaged in ship building, the coasting
trade and tishery.
Incorporated in
1789.
Population, in 1S37, 924.
Trenton is 7 miles S. by E. from
This town was taken from
Marlborough and Fitzwilliam, and
ralists.
incorporated in 1815.
Ellsworth.
Troy,
Ti-escott,
Washington
co.
Me.
This
is
an At-
and bounded N. E. by
comprises Moose cove,
Bailey's mistake and Haycock harbors, and is flourishing in its trade
lantic town,
Lubcc.
It
and navigation.
It was incorporated in 1827.
Population, in 1830,
480; 1837, 713.
Trout River, Vt.
Population,
in 1830, 676.
"Vt.
Orleans co. Troy lies 47 miles
N. from Montpelier, 51 N. E. from
Burlington, 11 N. N. W. from
Irasburgh, and is bounded N. by
Canada.
First
settled
Population, 1830, 608.
in
1800.
During the
war for "sailors' rights," most of
the inhabitants left the town, which
greatly retarded its growth.
It is
finely watered by Missisque river,
and its tributaries
the surface is
generally level, and the soil productive, particularly on the sides of
:
Franklin
co.
This river
is
form-
ed in Montgomery, by sevei-al
branches it runs in a N. W. direction and falls into the Missisque
on the border of Enosburgh and
Berkshire.
This is a good mill
stream, and with its tributaries, fertilizes considerable tracts of coun;
try.
Troy, Me.
Waldo
This territory was
from 1812 to 1826 it
CO.
called Joy
:
the streams.
The Falls on the Missisque, produce a great water power, and proThese falls
pel some machinery.
pass down a ledge of rocks about
70 feet.
rock projects over them,
120 feet in perpendicular height.
From this rock, the falls, the deep
still water in the gulph below, with
the romantic scenery around the
place, present a spectacle of great
A
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
to the curious traveller.
rocks here are chlorite, serpentine, "limestone, soapstone and
interest
The
mica
slate.
Trumljiill, Ct.
This territory was
Fairfield co.
formerly called North Stratford, and
was taken from Stratford and incorThis
porated as a town, in 1798.
is a small town of about 5 by 4 1-2
miles.
It lies 5 miles N. from the
It is watered
city of Bridgeport.
by the Pequannock which empties
The surinto Bridgeport harbor.
face is varied by hills and valleys
the soil is a gravelly loam, productive of good crops of grain and hay.
Population, 1830, 1,242.
Tamtashua hill, in the north part of the
town, is the first land seen, in this
direction, from the ocean.
men
of noble daring in all her enon the ocean. In 1837,
there were 63 vessels owned at
Truro, employed in the cod and
terprises
mackerel fishery, measuring 3,437
tons; the product of which, in one
year, was 16,950 quintals of cod
fish, and 15,750 barrels of mackerel,
valued
$145,350.
at
The
hands employed was
The value of salt manufac-
number
of
512.
tured, annually, is about $20,000.
There are also, manufactures of
palm-leaf hats, boots, shoes, &c.
No one would suppose that this
was much of a wool growing place ;
and it is not so in regard to the
quantity grown, but much so as it
In 1837, the
regards its means.
people of Truro sheared 400 sheep
If the sinof their own rearing.
gle county of Penobscot, in Maine,
would produce as much wool, in
Truro, Mass.
proportion to its territory and the
Barnstable co.
Truro lies on quality of its soil, as the town of
Cape Cod bay, between Welfleet Truro, there would be no cause of
and Provincetown ; it is nearly sur- strife about the tariff on wool or
for the quantity
rounded by water ; by Pamet riv- woolen cloths
er, which sets in from Cape Cod bay
would be sutficient to clothe all the
on the south, and by Cape Cod har- inhabitants on the globe.
Truro was
Truro was incorporated in 1709.
bor in Provincetown.
the Pamet of the Indians, and after It lies 41 miles below Barnstable,
and 106 from Boston, by land. Popits settlement, in 1700, was called
Dangerfield for some years. Pam- ulation, 1830, 1,.549 3 1837,1,806.
et river affords a good harbor for
Tiiftoiii>oroiigli, N. II.,
fishermen ; it lies about 5 miles S.
Strafford co., is about 50 miles E.
Provincetown harbor. There
E.from
by N. from Concord, situated on
is in this town, near the lighthouse,
a vast body of clay, called the " Clay the N. E. shore of Winnepisiogee
Pounds," which seems providen- lake ; bounded N. E. by Ossipee,
S. E. by Wolfeborough, S. W. and
tially placed, in the midst of sand
W. by the lake, and N. W. by Moul
hills, for the preservation of this
Although there tonborough.
part of the cape.
There are several ponds in this
is but little vegetation at Truro, and
the people are dependent almost en- town, together with many small
streams running into the lake.
tirely for their fuel, and most of
their food on other places ; yet there There are several arms of the lake
are but few towns in the state stretching far into the town, and
where the people are more flour- presenting to the spectator, from the
ishing, and independent in their elevated parts of the town, a succircumstances.
To such towns as cession of beautiful views.
Tuftonborough was originallythis old Massachusetts looks with
pride for one of her chief resourc- granted to J. Tufton Mason, and
It was
es of wezdth the fishery ; and for took its name from him.
:
—
—
"
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
settled about 17S0, and incorporated
Population, 1830, 1,375.
in 1795.
Tunbriclge, Vt.
Orange
co.
A branch
of
White
river passes through this town, on
are mills of various kinds.
The soil is generally a rich loam
on the stream the intervale land is
extensive and valuable.
In some
parts of the town the surface is elevated.
Tunbridge contains a medicinal
spring of some notoriety in cutaneous diseases.
Considerable quantities of the products of the farms
are sent to market.
Many sheep
are reared
in 1837, the number in
the town was 8,260.
which
:
;
Tunbridge was
first
settled in
26 miles S. by E. from
Montpelier, 7 S. from Chelsea, and
SO N. by W. from Windsor. Popu1776.
It is
from Lowell, and 29 N.
W.
Incorporated, 1789.
ulation, 1837, 870.
Boston.
from
Pop-
The river here is wide, placid,
and majestic, and adds much to the
beauty of the place. There is not
much water power in the town, and
the soil is light and sandy.
Large
quantities of granite are quarried
here, hammered and fitted for various uses, and taken down the river.
Here are also manufactures of
brushes, barrels, boots and shoes.
Tyriiigliam, Mass.
Berkshire co. There are several
ponds in this town, from which issues a branch of Housatonick river.
Tyringham lies 125 miles W.
from Boston, 14 S. E. from Lenox,
and 35 E. from Hudson, N. Y. Incorporated, 1762.
Population, in
18.37, 1,288.
The manufactures
lation, 1830, 1,920.
Oxford CO.
A tributary of the
Androscoggin meets that river in
this town, and finely waters it. The
soil of Turner is good, and its surface pleasant.
There are a number of thriving villages in the
town: there is considerable trade,
and some manufactures; but the
business of the people
is
of the town
of paper, iron castings,
boots, shoes, leather, forks, rakes,
palm-leaf hats, chair stuff, and
wooden ware annual value, about
consist
Tursier, Me.
generally
agricultural.
Turner was incorporated
in 1786.
38 miles W. S. W. from Augusta, and 14 E. from Paris.
Population, 1830, 2,218; 1837, 2,435.
Wheat crop, in 1837, 7,081 bushIt is
els.
Turtle Kiver, Me,,
:
$35,000.
The surface of the town is uneven, and in some parts mountain" Hop Brook Valley," is a
ous.
beautiful and romantic spot. There
is
a society of
ringham.
"Shakers"
in
Ty-
See Canterbury JV. H.
,
Umlbagog Lake,
body of water, situathe state of Maine,
and extending about 300 rods in
width along the east of the townships of Errol and Cambridge, in
New Hampshire. This lake is very
imperfectly known is said to be
about 18 miles long, and in some
being but little inparts 10 wide
ferior to the Winnepisiogee, in exIts outlet is on
tent and beauty.
the west side, in Errol, its waters
flowing into the Androscoggin.
Is a large
ted mostly in
;
Or the Meriumpticook, a branch
of St. John's river, which empties
about 7 miles S. W. from the mouth
of the Madawaska.
Tyngsljorougii, Mass.
Middlesex co.
This is a pleastown on both sides of Merri-
ant
mack
river, 8 miles
N. W. by W.
;
Uncouoonook Mountain, N. H*
See Goffstown,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Undeihill, Vt.
co. The head branchBrown's river water this town.
The surface is hilly and broken,
and the soil hard but tolerable for
sheep, of which a considerable
Chittenden
es of
;
number
are reared.
was
Underbill
first
settled
in
1786.
It lies 15 miles N. E. from
Burlington, and 26 N. W. from
Population, in ISSO,
Montpelier.
1,052.
Uuioii River, Me.
Hancock
co.
The head
waters
of this river proceed within a few
aiiiles from the Passadumkeag.
It
flows south through tlie towns of
Hampton, Amherst,
and Mariameets the tide water at
Ellsworth, and passes to the ocean
by Blue Hill bay.
This stream
has numerous tributaries, the recipville
:
ients of a great number of ponds,
are scattered over the interior parts of the county.
This
beautiful river is in some parts
gentle and fertilizing, in other parts
rapid, producing a valuable
for
Ellsworth,
mills.
is
between
water
length, from
Its
forty
and
fifty
miles.
Union, Me.
Lincoln
This pleasant and
town is watered by
Muscongus and St. George rivers,
and by several beautiful ponds.
co.
flourishing
The
soil is fertile, and the surface
generally swelling.
Union was incorporated in 1786.
It is 28 miles S. E. from Augusta,
and 7 N. by W. from Warren. Population, 1837, 1,750.
Wheat crop,
same year, 4,249 bushels.
Union,
Tolland
Union
1734.
It is
First settled, 1727.
Stafford, and is 33
bounded W. by
miles N. E. from Hartford, and 14
Population,
N. E. from Tolland.
1830, 711.
Unity, Me.
Waldo
This
CO.
is
a flourishing
farming town, 33 miles N. E. from
Augus"ta, 22 W. S. W. from Be.
fast, and bounded S. W. by Albion.
It is well watered by a branch of
Sebasticook river, which passes N.
W., about 9 miles distant.
Unity was incorporated
in 1804.
Wheat
1837, 1,520.
crop, same year, 11,099 bushels.
Population,
it
which
power
A branch of
Quinnebaug river.
the Natchaug also rises here.
The town was incorporated in
co.
€t.
The
surface
of
hilly,
Breakneck
ponds,
lying
in
this
town, are the principal sources of
36=*
This town
is
bound-
ed N. by Claremont and Newport,
E. by Goshen, S. by Lempster and
Acworth, and W. by Charlestown.
It is 43 miles W. by N. from Concord, and 9 S. from Newport.
Little Sugar river has its source
in Whortleberry pond and Beaver
meadow,
in
the
N.
part of the
town, passes through its centre,
and empties itself into the Connecticut at Charlestown.
Cold pond,
the head of Cold river, is partly in
this town.
From Gilman's pond,
in the E. part of Unity, proceeds
a branch of Sugar river, flowing
through Newport. Perry's mountain is in the S. W. part, and partly
in Charlestown.
Unity is an uneven township, but
the soil is highly favorable for
grazing.
few towns
It is
excellent for flax,
in the
state
producing
a greater quantity.
It
Unity was granted in 1764.
from the happy
termination of a dispute which had
w^as called Unity,
with a hard and unproductive soil.
Mashapaug and
is
Unity, N. H.
Sullivan CO.
long subsisted between certain of
the inhabitants of Kingston and
Hampstead, claiming the same tract
of land under two different grants.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The
settlement was made in
Population, 1830, 1,258.
first
1769.
Upton, Mass.
ton,in 1735.
The
surface of the
plain land, and partly rough
and hilly, with a strong soil capable
of yielding good crops of grain and
hay.
Much attention has been
paid to fruit trees in this town, and
many fine orchards of various kinds
of fruit have been the result. West
river, a branch of the Blackstone,
rises from a pond in Upton, and
furnishes a power for a number of
mills.
The manufactures consist
of woolen goods, boots, shoes, leather, straw bonnets, sashes and blinds
is
annual value, about $175,000.
This pleasant town lies 35 miles
W. S. W. from Boston, and 15 S. E.
from Worcester.
Population, in
Uxbridge, Mass.
delightfully situated, in valleys sur-
rounded by picturesque elevations.
There are 5 woolen and 3 cotton
mills in the town, and manufactures
of yarn, straw bonnets, boots, shoes,
leather, chairs, cabinet and tin
wares total value, the year endingApril 1, 1S37, $402,450.
Uxbridge was formerly a part of
Mendon.
It was incorporated in
1727.
Population, 1830, 2,086;
1837, 2,246.
Iron ore is found
here, and an abundance of beauti:
ful granite.
co.
is
the other of the Kennebec.
This is a place of considerable
interior trade, and business on the
river.
Vessels of considerable burthen pass to the ocean from Vassalborough, by means of the Ken-
nebec Dam.
The valleys are very pleasant
and the surface and soil of the town
varied and fertile.
Vassalborough
was incorporated in 1771. Population,
1837,
2,929.
Wheat
crop,
same year, 10,272 bushels.
Vergennes, Vt.
Addison
settled
in
co.
Vergennes was fi' jt
The
1766.
territory,
It lies
12 miles
N. W.from Middlebury and 21 S.
by E. from Burlington. Population,
1830, 999.
Vergennes is beautifully located on Otter creek, at the
falls on that stream, and is 7 miles
from Lake Champlain. Otter creek,
at this place, is about 500 feet wide,
and, at the falls, is separated bj' two
islands, which form 3 distinct falls,
of 37 feet.
These falls produce a
great hydraulic power, rendered
more valuable by being situated in
the heart of a fertile country, and
on the navigable waters of the lake.
The creek or river, between the
city and the lake, is crooked, but
navigable for the largest lake vessels.
During the late war, this was
an important depot on the lake.
Here was fitted out the squadron
commanded by
the gallant
McDo-
nough, who met the British fleet
otf Pittsburgh, N. Y. on the 11th
of September, 1814, and made it
his.
Me.
This
miles
There
are several large and beautiful
ponds in the town, from which issue two excellent mill streams
one a branch of the Sebasticook,
privileges in 1788.
Worcester co.
This very handsome and flourishing town lies 40
miles S. W. from Boston, 17 S. by
E. from Worcester, and 24 N. N.
W. from Providence, R. I. It receives an excellent water power
from Mum ford and West rivers,
and the Blackstone canal passes
through it.
The manufacturing villages are
Kennebec
river, 12
which comprises an area of 480 by
400 rods, was invested with city
1830, 1,155; 1837, 1,451.
Vassallijoroiigli,
Kennebec
N. by E. from Augusta.
Worcester co. Upton was taken
from Mendon, Sutton and Hopkin-
town
and flourishing town on the east
side of
This
a large
for ship
a very favorable position
building it now possesses
is
:
�NEW ENGLAND
important manufactories and considAlthough the terrierable trade.
tory of this city
is
quite small,
its
GAZETTEER.
peculiarly favorable location, and
the enterprise of its people, warrant
it a great degree of prosperity.
VERMONT.
The
people of the territory
now
called the state of
Vermont, having
been connected with New York, and having experienced great dissatisfaction with their connexion with that state, assembled in convention and
on the 15th of January, 1777, declared themselves independent, and
ganized a government
The hardy
for
mountaineers,
who had become
impatient under their con-
nexion with and dependence on the great state of
ance of their
own
Some
of
Their government
tive,
New
York, in pursu-
peculiar views of the rights and duties of a free and
independent people, adopted
constitution.
or-
themselves.
many
them
singular and peculiar provisions in their
are herein stated.
consists of three parts
;
the legislative, the execu-
and the judicial.
The Supreme
tatives,
Legislature consists of a Senate and
chosen annually by the freemen of the
day of September.
The
House
state,
of Represen-
on the
Senate consists of 30 members
;
first
Tues-
each county
being, entitled to at least one, and the remainder to be apportioned accord-
ing to
population.
The House
of
Representatives
is
composed of
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
member from each
one
age
The
town.
and the Lieutenant Governor
;
Senators are to be thirty years of
is ex-officio
President of the Senate.
The body so chosen is called The General Assembly of the
State of Vermont. The General Assembly meets annually on the
second Tuesday of October. They hav^e power to choose their own officers, to meet on their own adjournments, to terminate their sessions at
pleasure
And,
to
;
enact laws, grant charters, to impeach state criminals, &.c.
with the council, they annually elect the Justices of
in conjunction
the Supreme, County and Probate Courts
;
also the Sheriffs,
High
Bailiffs,
when occasion requires, they elect MaThe General Assembly have full and am-
Justices of the Peace, &c.; and,
jors and Brigadiers General.
ple legislative powers, but they cannot change the constitution.
The supreme
executive power
is
vested in a Governor, Lieutenant
Governor, and twelve Counsellors, chosen annually by the people on the
They meet at the same time with the
first Tuesday of September.
General Assembly, prepare and lay before them the business apparently
necessary
;
examine the laws
in the progress of legislation, and approve
amendments. They cannot negative
Assembly, but can suspend the operation of any
They commission all
act till the next annual meeting of the Assembly.
have power to grant
officers; sit as judges in all cases of impeachment
or disapprove of them, and propose
act of the General
any
;
pardons and remit fines in
treason, in
which
all
cases, excepting in cases of
cases they can grant reprieves
session, and excepting also cases of
bargoes for thirty days,
when
The General Assembly,
cil,
till
They may
impeachment.
the assembly
is
murder and
the next legislative
lay
em-
not in session.
meeting with the Governor and Coun-
in joint
annually elect the Judges, Justices of the Peace, Sheriffs,
High
Bai-
&c.
liffs,
The Governor
unless
by advice
is
command in person,
The Lieutenant Governor is Lieuten-
Captain-General, but he cannot
of
his council.
ant General of the forces.
judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court and Court of
County Court in each county, consisting of one of the
a Probate
of the Supreme Court, and two Assistant Justices
each District; and Justices of the Peace, who have a limited
The
ry, a
;
and
Justices
Court in
criminal
civil jurisdiction.
The Judges
and High
The
of Probate appoint their
Bailiffs
several
appoint their
Town
own
own
Registers,
and the Sheriffs
deputies.
Clerks are Registers of deeds of conveyance of lands
in their respective towns
;
and
if
be recorded in the County Clerk's
A
Chance-
council of 13 Censors
is
there be no town clerk, the deeds shall
office.
chosen by the people once in 7 years, on the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Wednesday
last
;
if
March, and meet on the
Their duties are,
lowing.
ted
of
inquire
to
Wednesday
first
if
the legislature, &c. have performed their duty
been justly levied and collected
They may
pass public censures
peal of laws
tions to act
;
;
and
if
fol-
}
if
the taxes have
have been obeyed.
the laws
order impeachments
;
of June
the constitution has been viola-
;
recommend the
re-
propose amendments in the constitution, and call conven-
Their power expires in one year after their election.
on them.
Succession of Governors.
Thomas Chittenden, 1791—1796.
el
Smith, 1807.
Isaac Tichenor, 1797—1806.
Chittenden, 1813, 1814.
Isra-
Jonas Galusha, 1309—1812.
Isaac Tichenor, 180S.
Jonas Galusha, 1815—1819.
M.
Richard Skinner,
1820—1822. C. P. Van Ness, 1823—1825. Ezra Butler, 1826, 1827.
Samuel C. Crafts, 1823—1830, William A. Palmer, 1831—1835. Silas H. Jenison, 1836—
Succession of Chief Justices.
Samuel Knight, 1791—1793. Isaac Tichenor 1794, 1795. Nathaniel
Chipman, 1796. Israel Smith, 1797. Enoch Woodbridge, 1798—1800.
Jonathan Robinson, 1801—1806. Royal Tyler, 1807—1812. Nathaniel
Chipman, 1813, 1814. Asa Aldis, 1815. Richard Skinner, 1816. DudRichard Skinner,
C. P. Van Ness, 1821, 1822.
ley Chase, 1817—1820.
1823—1828. Samuel Prentiss, 1829. Titus Hutchinson, 1830—1833,
Charles K. Williams,
1834—
The state is bounded N. by Lower Canada, E. by Connecticut river, S.
by Massachusetts, and W. by New York. Situated between 42° 44' and
45 ^N. Latitude, and 73° 16' and 71° 20'
Vermont
is
W.
Longitude.
divided into 14 counties, to wit
:
Bennington, Windham,
Rutland, Windsor, Addison, Orange, Chittenden, Washington, Caledonia,
Franklin, Orleans, Lamoille, Essex and Grand Isle.
the state in 1790,
764; 1830, 230,657.
miles.
population of
This state contains an area of about 10,212 square
Population to a square mile, in 1830, was
of sheep in the state, in 1837,
The
The
was 85,539; 1800, 154,465; 1810,217,895; 1820, 235,27-^.
The number
was l,099;0ll.
important enterprise of a
rail
road from Boston to the outlet of the
An
great lakes, on St.
Lawrence
enterprise of this
kind, well worthy the consideration of the intelligent
river, will doubtless
citizens and capitalists of Massachusetts,
will greatly benefit those states, and
powerful competitor with
New
northern and western trade.
New
make
York,
be accomplished.
for a
Hampshire and Vermont,
New England a
large portion of the immense
the capital of
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
was not admitted into the union until afwas over, yet she vigorously resisted British
oppression.
A range of mountains covered with spruce, hemlock and
other evergreens divides this state nearly in its centre hence its name ;
and hence the epithet " Green Mountain Boys," celebrated for their
bravery in the war of independence.
Although
this fourteenth state
ter the revolutionary contest
;
From
these mountains
are. Otter Creek, Onion,
many
rivers take their rise
;
the most important
Lamoille and Missisque, which empty into Lake
Champlain, on the west; and West, White and Passumpsic, which pass
the Connecticut on the east.
sorts of grain in great
This state
is
very
fertile
and produces
to
all
Cattle of various kinds are raised here
abundance.
with great facility. Wool is an important staple. Manufactures flourish
on many of the delightful streams of Vermont, and its hills produce marble, granite
state is
and iron ore of superior excellence.
very romantic and beautiful
;
the air
is
The scenery
of this
pure and healthful
;
the
people industrious, intelligent, hospitable.
The
trade of this state, on the west, passes to
plain, the northern canal
Some
icut river.
goes
to
Montreal.
and Hudson river
Windham
co.
New York by
lake
Cham-
that on the east, to Connecti-
of the trade of this state reaches
Boston, and some
See Register.
until 1S02,
Vernoii, Vt.
west
;
Vernon
Vernon was
called Hins-
dale.
lies
on the
side of Connecticut river, op-
posite to Winchester, N. H.
That
river bends abruptly at this place,
but in consequence of its elevated
and rocky shore, affords this town
but litle intervale land. The surface is generally mountainous, rocky
and unproductive. There are in
the town, fine forests of oak and
chesnut timber, and quarries of
slate. Vernon was settled at an early period, and for many years was
subject to Indian depredations. The
remains of an old fort built in 1740,
are now seen
many persons M'ere
killed and carried into captivity
among the latter was the celebrated
Mrs. Howe.
From its settlement
:
;
Vernon is 18 miles S. E. from
Newfane, and is bounded S. by
Brattleborough.
Population, 1830,
681.
Vernon,
Ct.
Tolland co. This town lies 12
miles E. N. E. from Hartford, and
7 S. W. from Tolland. Rock village, and Tankerooson are pleasant
and flourishing manufacturing villages, containing 18 cotton and
woolen mills. The former is 14,
the latter 10 miles from Hartford.
The Hockanum, and a branch of
that river, the Tankerooson, are the
principal streams.
It
Vernon was first settled in 1716.
was a part of East Windsor and
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Bolton until 1808. The surface of
the town is varied by hills and valleys the soil is a gravelly loam and
sandv, but £;ood for grain and grass.
Population,"l830, 1,164.
;
Vei'sliire,
Vt.
Orange co. The surface of
town is uneven and stony, but
this
fur-
nishes pasturage for a large number
of sheep, horses and neat cattle.
Bi-anches of Ompomponoosuc river
rise here, but give the town no val-
Vershire was
first settled in 1780. It lies 25 miles
S. E. from Montpelier, 35 N. from
Windsor, and 6 E. by S. from ChelPopulation, 1830, 1,260.
sea.
uable water power.
Victory, Vt.
Essex
CO.
the domestic fishery.
These privileges arc well improved by the inhabitants of Fox Islan(^
they also
make their soil tributary to their
wants. In 1S37, their crop of wheat
was 1,611 bushels. So long as the
sea island towns of Mount Desert,
:
Eden and Vinalhaven,
afford wheat,
and Truro, wool, in such abundance there seems, at present, no
great cause for the Yankees going
west to escape either nakedness or
;
starvation.
These islands are finely located for summer excursions,
The
either for health or pleasure.
between the
are delightful ;
passages
islands,
around
scenery
Population, 1837, 1,768.
Vineyard, Vt.
This township was
Moose river, a
chartered in 1781.
branch of the Passumpsic, passes
through it. It lies 10 miles W.
from Guildhall, and, in 1830, had
53 inhabitants.
Vienna, Me.
A
Franklin co.
branch of Sandy
river and several ponds water this
fertile and pleasant town.
It lies
25 miles N. W. from Augusta, and
10 S. E. from Farmington.
Incorporated, 1802.
Population, 1837,
793. Wheat crop,
bushels.
Grand
Vinalliavcn, Me.
to 1838,
the county of Hancock.
It is situated 12
miles S. E. fi-om Camden, 6 E. from
Owl's Head, and is formed of the
Fox Islands, at the mouth of Penobscot bay, about fifty miles below Bangor.
There are three
islands of considerable size, belonging to this group, besides several
smaller islands on their coast. This
island town possesses in an eminent
degree all those advantages to be
derived from a bold shore and good
harbors, in the centre of an extensive maritime commerce, and of
Isle co.
This town, com-
prising an island in Champlain Lake,
covering an area of 4,620 acres, was
chartered in 1799, by the name of
La
Motte.
Its name was
Vineyard in 1802.
It
lies about 4 miles W. from North
Hero, and was first settled in 1785.
It is a very pleasant island, fertile
and abounding in excellent cedar
Pop. 1830, 459.
and limestone.
Isle
changed
to
Vineyard. Sound, Mass.
same year, 4,068
Waldo CO.
Previous
this town was attached to
them
principal
and the
beautiful.
This
a great thoroughfare for
is
bound along the coast between Cape Cod and the mouth of
It lies between
Buzzard's bay.
the island of Martha's Vineyard
and the islands of Nashawn and
The tides in this
Nashawenna.
Sound are rapid, and the passage
vessels
dangerous, without a good
VoluntOAvn,
Windham
co.
pilot.
Ct.
This town was
It derived
incorporated in 1719.
name from the circumstance
that most of its territory was granted, in 1696, to Volunteers in the
The surface is,
Narraganset war.
in some parts, hilly; but the prevailing character of the surface and
soil is a sandy and gravel Ij'^ loam.
its
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Voluntown
Norwich, and
Island on
is
14 miles E. from
bounded by Rhode
east, and North Ston-
tflle
is
Population, in
in2;ton on the south.
The town
1830, 1,304.
is
watered
branch of the
Pawcatuck, on which are one woolen and two cotton mills.
by Wood
river, a
Waeliiisett Moiiiitaia, Mass.
Worcester
co.
See Princeton.
co.
Branches of
this
Topsham, and
they meet at Brad-
river rise in Orange,
W^ashington
ford, and fall into the Connecticut.
This river, and the streams that
;
are rather rapid in their
course, and furnish many valuable
Below the falls,
mill privileges.
compose
:
ter the war,
he was made
a
briga-
general of militia, and was
high sheritr of the county of Winddier
General Wait,
seven years.
having lived to see the town he
had phmted in its wilderness state,
covered with fruitful fields, and
peopled by independent yeomen,
died in 1822, aged 86 years.
sor
"Wait's River, Vt.
Orange
difficult service with grea"
At the age
bravery and success.
of 25 he had been engaged in forty
his clothes
battles and skirmishes
were several times perforated with
musket balls, but he never received
In 1776, he entered the
a wound.
revolutionary army as captain, and
Afacquired the rank of colonel.
much
•Walcciieltl,
N. H.
it,
in Bradford, this river is more gentle, and in its course it fertilizes
Its longest
a tract of intervale.
Its
branch is about 20 miles.
Strafford co.
miles
N.
This town
lies
50
E. from Concord, and 30
N. by W. from Dover; bounded
N. W. by Ossipee and Effingham,
E. by Maine, S. E. by Milton, W.
by Middleton and Brookfield.
Lovewell's pond, in the S. part of
the town, is about 700 rods long, 275
100 feet in width.
Province pond lies between
wide.
"Waitsiield, Vt.
Wakefield and Effingham, and is
Mad river, a 450 rods long, 400 wide. Pine
Washington co.
passes circui- river pond is the source of the river
small, rapid stream,
flowing N. W. into Ostously through this town, fertilizing of that name
The principal branch
sipee lake.
soil, and affording it good mill
the
in
a deep of the Piscataqua has its rise
The uplands are
seats.
between Wakefield and
loam, fertile, and productive of all East pond,
The soil of
Maine.
the varieties of a northern climate. Newfield,
this town is generally good.
Here are line pastures, and between
The town' was formerly called
5,000 and 6,000 sheep.
in East-foion, and was incorporated
There are some manufactures
its present name.
the town, but the people are gener- in 1774, by
There are several cotton mills in
and make a good
ally farmers,
Good clay for mak- this town, and various other manubusiness of it.
earthern ware, iron ore, and factures.
ing
Lovewell's pond, in this town,
This
rock crystal are found here.
Captain John
town lies 11 miles S. W. from Mont- derived its name from
who, on
and 30 S. E. from Burling- Love we 11, of Dunstable,
pelier,
20th February, 1725, surprised
the
Population, iS30, 985.
ton.
of Indians
The settlement of Waitsfield was and destroyed a party
General encamped on the side of the pond.
commenced in 1789, by
for
Benjamin Wait, from Sudbu- Ptobert Macklin, distinguished the
General Wait lonsevity, died here in 1787, at
ry, Massachusetts.
He was born in Scotentered the service of his country age"of 115.
Population, 1830, 1,470.
at the age of 18, and performed la°nd.
mouth, on the Connecticut,
is
about
1
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Walden, Vt.
Caledonia co.
This is an elevated township between the head waters of Onion and Lamoille rivers.
Cole's pond, a large sheet of water,
lying in the town, produces a small
mill stream, called "Joe's Brook."
The surface is generally rough, but
the soil in some parts of the town
produces good crops. Walden was
first settled in 17S9.
It lies 22 miles
N. N. E. from Montpelier, and is
bounded
S. E.
by Danville.
Popu-
lation, 1830, 827.
Waldo County, Me.
and its numerous j)onds give it a
varied and picturesque appearance.
Waldo county was, as it were
but yesterday, a desert; at present
not more than two-thirds of its territory may be said to be settled.
In 1837, it produced 109,140 bushels of wheat, and contained 55,000
sheep, with a population of 45 to a
square mile.
Waldo, Me.
Waldo
CO.
This is a Plantation,
high time it was incorporated with town privileges, for its
surface is pleasant, and its soil fertile
it abounds with mill sites, and
but
it is
:
Belfast is the shire town. This
maritime and agricultural countyis bounded N. by Penobscot and
Piscataquis counties ; E. by Penobscot bay and river; S. by Lincoln county, and W. by the county
of Kennebec.
It contains an area
of about 812 square miles.
Its
population in 1830, was 29,290 and
increase of population, for the
seven years, was 35 per cent.
Waldo is 44 miles E. N. E. from
Augusta, and 7 W. N. W. from
Belfast.
Population, 1837, 718.
Wheat crop, same year, 1,903
bushels.
in 1837, 36,817.
Lincoln co.
This is a large,
pleasant, and flourishing commercial
its
last
Waldoborougli, Me.
;
On
the eastern side of the counPenobscot spreads its
ty, the noble
broad bay and river, embosoming
Belfast and other beautiful bays,
and indented with numerous capacious harbors, affording this county
every desirable facility for navigation and the fisheries. The relative
position of this county with the
great basin of the Penobscot, is
such as to give to it a large share of
the commerce of that fertile and
rapidly increasing section of
New
England.
Waldo county possesses
vrithiu
itself great resources of agricultur-
The surface is generwealth.
ally undulating: no portion of the
county is too elevated or too low
It is heavily timfor cultivation.
bered and abounds in limestone, of
which large quantities are annually
manufactured and transported. The
soil is fertile, and congenial to the
growth of every northern staple
commodity.
This county is interspersed with excellent mill streams,
al
37
town; a port of entry, situated on
both sides of Muscongus river, and
at the head of navigation on Muscongus bay.
This town, surrounded by a fertile
country, enjoying navigable accommodations, a great water power,
and peopled by an enterprising and
industrious class of agriculturalists,
mechanics and
sailors,
cannot
fail
of advancing in wealth and population.
The tonnage of this district,
in 1837, was 39,960 tons.
The surface of the town is agreeably diversitied the soil of a quality just hard enough to promote a
proper circulation of the blood of
;
its
cultivators,
with
as pleasant, as pure,
and water
and as favora-
air
able to health and longevity, as
those of any prairie, of which we
have any account, west of the Alleghany mountains. It is true that
these people have to encounter the
dangers of the seas, in the navigation of their numerous vessels en-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
gaged in foreign*and domestic commerce; to accidents attendant on
launching their trig ships, brigs,
and schooners, and in preparing
various kinds of lumber for their
cargoes
and that they sometimes
get drowned in crossing their rapid
streams, and break their limbs by
riding too faston their wintry snows;
;
yet they are perfectly satistied witli
their location and condition, and
have no hankering for the balmy
hreezes of the south, nor thirst for
the sweet waters of the west.
Waldoborough is an ancient town
for this section of country
it was
incorporated in 1773.
It lies 37
miles S. E. from Augusta, and 22
PopuE. N. E. from Wiscasset.
lation, 1820, 2,449; 1830, 3,113;
1837, 3,420.
:
IVales, Me.
Lincoln Co. There is a beautiful pond lying partly in Wales and
partly in Lisbon
its outlet meets
the Androscoggin a few miles above
Topsham. Wales is an agricultueven
ral town of good soil and
surface, 20 miles S. W. from Augusta, and 26 N. W. from WiscasIncorporated, 1816.
Populaset.
;
Wheat crop, same
tion, 1837, 667.
year, 2,232 bushels.
Wales, Mass.
Hampden
co.
This town is wabranch of Quinnebaug
river, and has a considerable water
power. The surface of the town is
uneven, but the soil affords good
pasturage.
Here is a woolen mill,
and manufactures of leather, boots,
shoes, axes, hatchets, palm-leaf
hats. Sic.: annual value, about $70,000.
Wales is 67 miles W. S. W.
from Boston, and 17 E. by S. from
tered by
a
Springfield.
Population, 1837,738.
Wallingford, Vt.
acres, lies on very elevated ground,
and is one of the principal sources
of Otter creek.
The other ponds
are of
less
size,
and
less
eleva-
These mountain ponds are
very handsome, and contain fish.
The soil of the town is generted.
ally good
that on the banks of
Otter creek, is very fertile and
Wallingford produces
productive.
all the varieties of grain, grass, &c.,
and feeds a large numbei- of sheep.
"
range of primitive limestone
passes through the western part of
the township, in which have been
opened several quarries of excellent marble.
Green hill, situated
near the centre, is composed almost
entirely of quartz.
part of
White rocks, belonging to the Green
Mountain range, appears to be
granite, the rest quartz.
At the
foot of White rocks, are large cavities formed by the fallen rocks, called the icebeds, in which ice is found
in abundance through the summer
season."
There are some valuable
manufacturing establishments in
the town, and a flourishing trade.
The village is pleasantly located on
the banks of Otter creek, near one
of the ponds.
It contains some
handsome buildings, and presents a
variety of picturesque scenery.
Wallingford was firstsettled in 1773.
It lies 10 miles S. by E. from Rutland and 42 N. N. E. from Bennington.
Population, 1830, 1740.
;
A
A
"WalliiagfoJi:!!, Ct,
New Haven co. " Wallingford
bounded N. by Meriden, W. by
Cheshire, E. by Durham and Middletovvn, and S. by North Bradford
and North Haven. Its length fiom
east to west is nearly 7 miles, and
is
its
breadth about
The
6.
part of Wallingford
is
central
13 miles N.
New
Haven, 23 S. from Hartand between 11 and 12 miles
S. W. from Middletown.
The prefrom
ford,
Rutland co. This town is watered by Otter creek. Mill river, and
by three ponds, one of which, Hiram's pond, covering an area of 350
vailing surface
is
pleasantly diver-
with moderate hills and dales
the eastern extremity of the townsified
�»
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ship is mountainous.
The soil is
generally excellent, excepting a
tract called Wallingfbrd plain, consisting of coarse sand, situated on
the eastern bank of the Quinnipiac.
It is nearly 4 miles in length, and
about I of a mile in breadth. It is
the most extensive tract of level
land in the state, and one of the
most sterile and barren. The town
is watej-ed by the Quinnipiac, a
valuable mill stream, which passes
through the extent of the town,
upon which are several mills and
manufactories.
Yaleville is a little manufacturing village in the
northern section of the town, where
britannia and tin ware is manufactured to some extent.
There is an
establishment westward of the
main street, on the Quinnipiac, for
the manufacture of wood screws,
of which there are about 1,000
groce manufactured daily. The
principal village of Wallingford is
beautifully situated on a fine elevation upwards of a mile east of the
river, on two parallel streets entending along the ridge of the hill.
The western street, on which the
principal part of the village is situated, is upwards of a mile in
length."
Wallingford originally belonged
New Haven, and
New Haven Village.
to
was called
It was first
settled about the year 1669.
Pop-
ulation, 1830, 2,418.
"Walloostook River, Me.
This is the western or main
branch of St. John's river.
Its
head waters are in the counties of
Somerset and Franklin, and on the
border of Canada.
It receives the
waters of many lakes, ponds and
rivers, and drains a large section of
"wilderness country.
This river is
called
the Walloostook until it
meets the waters of the St. FranThe lands on the borders of
cois.
this river are said to be fertile and
heavily timbered. See St. John's
river under Fundy, Bay.
VValoomsack River, Vt.
This good mill stream is formed
in Bennington, by several branches
it passes
N. W. and joins the
Hoosack,
Between the Waloomsack and Hoosack the famous " Ben
nington Battle " was fought.
:
Walpole, N. H.
Cheshire co. This place lies 60
miles S. W. by W. from Concord,
13 N. W. from Keene, and 90 N.
W. from Boston. Population in
1830, 1,979.
The face of this town
is beautifully diversified by hills
The soil is similar to
that of other towns on Connecticut
river.
The intervales afford excellent tillage ; the uplands are inferior to none in the state.
Cold river
passes through the north part, and
forms a junction with the ConnectiThere is a lofty hill, called
cut.
Fall Mountain, a part of the range
of Mon.nt Toby
the highest parts
of which are about 730 feet above
the level of the river.
The village
of Walpole is situated at the foot of
this hill, on a plain ; the margin of
the intervales. The principal street
and vales.
;
runs N. and S. and is bordered on
both sides w'ith dwelling houses,
stores and shops.
Drewsville, in this town, is a
pleasant village, romantically situa
ted near the falls
it is a place of
some trade, and considerable manu:
factures.
Bellows Falls, on Connecticut rivtown from Rockingham, Vt. At the bridge, which
er, separates this
crosses the river at this place, built
and 365 feet in length, the
traveller is presented with a most
interesting and sublime view. The
river here is compressed into a
narrow strait, between steep rocks,
and for nearly a quarter of a mile is
hurried on with great rapidity and
in 1785,
loud roaring.
In no place is the
perpendicular, to any considerable extent ; but in the distance of
half a mile the waters descend 42
fall
�NEW ENGLAND
GAZETTEER.
feet.
Waltliam, 3Iass.
A canal, with 9 locks, passes
round these falls on the west side.
Middlesex co. This is one of the
Col. Benjamin Bellows was one of
many beautiful towns which environ
the first settlers of this town, in
the capitol of
England.
1749.
He was a man of great en- 10 miles W. byNewfrom Boston, It is
N.
and
terprise and bravery.
His descen- 9 S E. from Concord.
It was indants are numerous and highly recorporated in 1737.
spectable.
Bellows'' Falls village, is in
Rockingham, Vt., opposite toDrewsville.
"Walpole, Mass.
Norfolk CO.
This town is finely
watered by three branches of the
Neponset which meet
face of the town
The
at this place.
rough, but
capable of producing good crops.
There are three cotton, two woolen and two paper mills in the town,
is
and manufactures of iron castings,
hoes, hats, leather, straw bonnets,
and twine total value, the year
ending April 1, 1837, $240,364.
This pleasant and flourishing town
was taken from Dedham in 1724.
Population, 1837, 1,592.
It is 20
miles S. W. from Boston, 10 S. W.
from Dedham, and 21 N, by W.
:
from Providence, R.
I.
W^altliam, Me.
Hancock co.
Population, 1837,
Wheat crop, same year, 356
207.
bushels.
See " Down East."
Addison
CO.
Buck mountain lies
this
town, and as
the highest land in the county,
west of the Green mountains, its
summit exhibits a good view of a
delightful section of country.
Waltham lies on the east side of
Otter Creek, which separates it from
Panton. Otter Creek, at this place,
is sluggish in its course, and affords
it is
no mill privileges. The soil is generally good
that along the stream
is excellent.
The number of sheep
;
Waltham, in 1837, was 3,890.
Population, 1830, 330. It is 9 miles
in
N. W. from Middlebury, and 24
from Burlington.
" Prospect
with some elevations.
Hill," 470 feet above the level of
the sea, presents a delightful view
of Boston, its harbor, and the adjacent towns and country.
The soil
is generally not very fertile, but is
rendered productive by industry.
" Waltham Plain " is a beautiful
tract of land, under a high state of
cultivation.
It is about two and a
half miles in length, and a mile in
width.
On the road over this plain
is a continuous village, containing
many handsome dwellings and beautiful gardens
among the number,
;
Hon. Theodore Lyman
is pre-eminently beautiful.
Mr.
Lyman's garden, of many acres in
extent, decorated with almost every
variety of fruit tree, shrub and
that of the
flower, both native and exotic, is
probably unsurpassed, in costliness
and splendor, by any private establishment of the kind in the United
States.
In this town the
Waltham, Vt.
near the centre of
Population,
1830, 1,859; 1837,2,287.
The surface is moderately level,
S.
first
cotton mill,
on an extensive scale, was erected,
in 1814. The capital of the compa-
ny was $600,000. By extraordinary
and good management, through
skill
the various commercial changes,
establishment proved lucrative
to the proprietors and highly beneficial to the public.
The waters of
Charles river, which glide through
the town, being fully improved,
the proprietors extended their manufacturing operations at Lowell.
There are in Waltham three cotton mills, a bleachery, a machine
shop, a paper mill, and manufactures of boots, shoes, hats, carriages, wagons, chairs, cabinet and tin
wares total value, the year endall
this
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The
1, 1837, $348,067.
roads in this and the neighboring
towns, are uncommonly excellent.
Perhaps in no section of country
in the world, are the roads better
than within 10 miles of Boston.
ing April
sheet iron, starch, carriages, hartotal value, the
nesses, and boxes
year ending April 1, 1837,$645,121.
:
Wareliani, Mass.
The surface of
Plymouth co.
town is generally level, with
this
AVardstoorougli, Vt.
a light, sandy
soil,
not very produc-
Windham co. This town is 15 tive. It is favorably situated for
miles N. W. from Brattleborough, manufacturing purposes, being wa20 N. E. from Bennington, and 10
N. W. fromNewfane.
wasiirst
Population, 1830,
settled in 1780.
It
1,148.
The
surface of the
town
is
hilly,
and in some parts rocky the soil is
hard, but rendered productive by
:
Wardsthe industry of its people.
borough is watered by West riv'er,
and contains a number of minerals,
of which tremolite and zoisite are
the most important, and of which
line specimens are found.
There
are some mills in the town, but the
water power is not extensive.
"Ware River, Mass.
tered by two fine mill streams, and
for ship building, the fishery, and
foreign and domestic commerce,
having a number of good harbors
at the head of Buzzard's bay.
Wareham lies 50 miles S. S. E.
from Boston, 16 S. from Plymouth,
Bedford.
and 15 E. N. E. from
PopIt was incorporated in 1739.
ulation, 1830, 1,885; 1837, 2,166.
There are in this town six nail factories, six air and cupola furnaces,
two rolling mills, 2 cotton mills,
a paper mill, and manufactures of
vessels, salt, nail casks, chairs,
cabinet ware, leather, boots, shoes,
&c. the total value of these manufactures, the year ending April 1,
The num1837, was $1,260,637.
ber of hands employed in these manufactures, was 682.
One whale
ship, of 374 tons, belongs to this
place
the cargo of oil, in 1837,
New
:
Branches of
this large
erful mill stream rise in
ton, Barre
and pow-
Hubbards^
and Oakl)am.
It passes
through Hardwick, New Braintree
and Ware, and joins the Chickopee
at Palmer.
"Ware, Mass.
Hampshire
co.
Ware
possesses
an admirable water power by Ware
The surface of
and Swift rivers.
the town is rough and hilly, and the
soil more fit for grazing than tillage.
In 1837, there were 1,380 sheep in
the town: value of wool, $1,667.
Ware is 66 miles W. by S. from
Boston, 22 E. by S. from Northampton, and 23 N. E. from Springfield.
Incorporated, 1761.
Population,
1830, 2,045; 1837, 2,403.
Ware
contains a beautiful village
which commands an active and
flourishing trade.
There are two
cotton and two woolen mills in the
town, and manufactures of boots,
shoes, leather, hats, tin ware, straw
bonnets, palm-leaf hats, augers,
37*
:
amounted
to $78,286.
In 1836, there arrived and cleared at Wareham, 2 ships, 7 brigs, 86
schooners, and 193 sloops
aggreDuring
gate tonnage, 20,140 tons.
that year there were exported from
this place 7,107 tons of nails, 421
tons of iron hoops, 1,969 tons of
hollow ware, 144 tons of iron castings, 98 tons of nail rods, 386 dozen of shovels, and 4,180 bushels
:
of salt.
The number
manufactured
year,
was
iron,
of tons of
exported that
9,765.
Warner, N. H.
Merrimack co.
This town is
bound N. by Sutton and Salisbury,
E. by Boscawen, S. by Hopkinton
and Henniker, and W. by Bradford.
The distance of Warner
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
from Hopkinton is 8 miles, and from
Concord, 15. It is watered by Warner river, a handsome streani, which
rises in the Sunapee mountain in
Newbury. It passes through Bradenters Warner at the N. W.
corner, and running in an E. and
S. E. direction, divides the town
ford,
nearly two equal parts, and
Contoocook river in Hopkinton.
The lands, though broken,
have, in general a good soil. Mink
hills lie in the W. part, and furnish
fine orchards and good pasturage.
There are four ponds, viz
Tom,
Bear, Bagley and Pleasant ponds.
Pleasant pond, the waters of which
are clear and cold, deep, and of a
greenish cast, has no visible outlet
or inlet, and overflows its banks in
the driest seasons.
This town was granted in 1735,
by the general court of Massachusetts, to Dea. Thomas Stevens and
others. It was incorporated in 1774,
by the name of Warner. The first
settlement was made in 1762, by
David Annis and his son-in-law,
Reuben Kimball, whose son Daniel
was the first child born in town.
Population, 1830, 2,221.
into
falls into
:
The following account of a terrible tornado, in this section of country, is by the Rev. John Woods,
published in Professor Silliman's
Journal, Vol.
No. 2.—
January, 1839.
Mr. Woods says, " The event
occvirred about half past 5 o'clock,
Sunday evening, September 9th,
1S21.
The wind, I suppose, was a
proper whirlwind, precisely such
as occasion water-spouts at sea.
very intelligent woman in Warner, who, at a distance of two or
three miles, observed its progress,
XXXV.—
A
compared its appearance to a tin
trumpet, the small end downward,
also to a great elephant's trunk let
down out of heaven, and moving
majestically along.
She remarked,
that its appearance and rr.otion gave
her a strong impression of life.
When
it had reached the easterly
part of the town, she said the lower end appeared to be taken up from
the earth, and to bend around in a
serpentine form, until it passed behind a black cloud and disappeared.
Its course was southeasterly.
It
was attended with but little rain in
some parts of its course, more in
others.
The rain, or what appeared like it, was in my opinion taken
from bodies of water which it passed over.
It was said, that it lowered the water in a small pond in
Warner, about three feet. To people near Sunapee lake, in New
London, I was told, it appeared as
if the lake was rushing up towards
heaven.
The appearance of the
cloud to beholders at a little distance, was awfully terrific.
It
commenced its desolating progress
east of Grantham mountain, in
Croydon. In Wendell, beside other buildings, it demolished a dwelling house, and carried a child who
was asleep upon a bed, into Sunapee lake.
In New London and
Sutton it did considerable damage,
but met with few dwelling houses
and destroyed no lives. From Sutton it passed over the southwest
branch or spur of Kearsarge mountain, with a gore of land belonging
Warner, called Kearsarge gore.
the foot of this mountain, it entirely demolished five barns, unroofed another, and utterly destroyed two dwelling houses and so rent
to
At
another
as to
render
irrepara-
it
ble.
" The houses wholly destroyed
belonged to two brothers, Robert
and Daniel Savary. They contained fourteen persons. In the house
of the latter were their aged parents, seventy years old, I should
think, or upwards.
The old gentlemen, as he saw the cloud coming,
went
into a
chamber
a window, and was there
v/ind struck the house.
carried four
or five
to
close
when
the
He was
rods,
upon the rock, and instantly
dashed
killed.
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
A
part of his brain was left upon
His wife
the rock where he fell.
was very badly wounded, and it was
thought would not recover.
child of Daniel Savary, in the same
In the
house, was also killed.
house of Robert Savary, several
of the mountain, and fell with great
violence on the buildings of Peter
were much wounded and bruised,
The houses and
but no lives lost.
barns and other buildings at this
place were not only levelled with
the foundation, but the materials
and contents were dashed in ten
thousand pieces, and scattered in
Carts, wagons,
every direction.
sleighs, ploughs, and sleds which
were new and strong, (one ox-sled,
was entirely new,)
I recollect,
two of whom were instantly
Mr. F. and wife were very
badly wounded, but at length recovered.
In Mr. T.'s house were
7, all of whom were most wonder-
A
were carried
considerable disto sixty rods
and so broken and shattered as to be
Stone walls were
fit only for fuel.
levelled, and rocks, weighing two,
three, or four hundred pounds, were
turned out of their beds, apparently by the bare force of the wind.
tance
to a
— from twenty
Their
Flanders and Joseph True.
houses, which were but a few rods
distant, one in Warner, the other in
Salisbury, were utterly demolished.
In Mr. F.'s house were nine persons,
killed.
fully preserved, except that 2 children, 10 or 12 years old, were badly burnt by hot bricks, the oven
having been heated and the bread
then in it ; one of whom lingered
several wrecks in extreme sufferThe father and
ing and then died.
mother of Mrs. T., who lived about
half a mile distant, were visiting
They had just left the tea
there.
table.
Mr. T. and his father-in-law
went out at the door and saw the
cloud, but thought at first they
were so under the hill it would pass
also, two feet or more
which were bedded into the ground, and were fifty or sixty
feet long, were not sufficiently
weighty to retain their location.
In one instance I recollect to have
seen one large log lying upon an-
But they
harmless over them.
were soon convinced that its track
was marked with desolation. Mr.
T. just gave an alarm to his family,
then ran under the end of his shop,
other in such a condition, that it
was thought by good judges, that
ten yoke of oxen could not have
moved the lower one from its bed ;
but both were removed by the
wind several feet.
An elm tree
to
Large
logs,
in diameter,
near where old Mr. Savary fell,
which was one foot at least in diameter, and too strongly rooted to
yield, was twisted like a withe to
the ground, and lay prostrate across
Not
the path like a wilted weed.
an apple or forest tree was left
One barn was seen to be
standing.
taken up whole, with its contents
After being
of hay, grain, &,c.
carried several rods,
pieces, and flew like
it
came
to
feathers in
every direction.
From the neighborhood of the
Savarys,
it
passed over another spur
which happened
the violence
beyond
wind so as not
His father-in-
to stand
of the
be demolished.
law, (Jones,) stood his ground unthe barn, a few
til the wind struck
rods to the northwest of him, and
he saw the fragments of it flying
thick in the air over his head. He
then threw himself flat upon the
ground by a heavy
pile of wood.
Instantly a rafter fell endwise close
by him, entering the ground a foot
or two in depth, and immediately
a beam grazed down upon the rafter and lay at his feet.
He and
Mr. T. were entirely unharmed.
In a moment they saw, instead of a
new and strong and very comfortable dwelling house, a perfect desolation.
Not even
a
sill
remained up-
Even the cellar
foundation.
stairs, and the hearths, which were
of tile or brick eight inches square.
on
its
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
were taken up and removed.
The
bricks of the chimney lay scattered
along, partly covering Mrs. T., and
covering to a considerable depth
two of the children. Mrs. T. was
soon taken up with but little injury.
The shrieks and cries of the
two children, under a weight of
hot bricks, next pierced the heart
of their father.
In removing them,
he burnt his hands to the bone.
They were at length taken out
alive, but in a state of great suffering, one of whom, as I have mentioned, after a few weeks, died.
All were now found but the babe,
had swept over it, up
Near
well as down.
boundary, between Warner
ty torrent
hill
the
as
and Boscawen, the desolation ceasIt was taken up from the earth,
but spruce floor boards, which
were taken from New London,
were borne upon its bosom and
dropped in the Shaker village in
Canterbury, a distance of about
thirty miles.
In following its track
in Kearsarge gore, I came to a
considerable stream of water, across
Avhich had been a bridge, covered
with large oak logs, split in the
ed.
middle, instead of planks.
These
about one year old. Supposing it half logs were scattered in every
direction, some carried, I should
to be under the bricks, Mr. T. renewed his labor ; but soon it was think, ten rods in the direction from
heard to cry in the direction of the which the wind came, others sixty
wind. Such as could run, ran in rods in the direction it went, and
search of it, and soon found it ly- others were dropped near the maring safe upon the ground beneath gin at the right and left.
a sleigh bottom, 10 or 15 rods from
One remarkable fact is, that the
where the house had stood. When same day, and about the same time
the wind came, the sleigh was in in the day, two other similar whirlthe barn, six or eight rods north or winds were experienced, which
northwesterly from the liouse. The moved in nearly parallel lines, one
two last mentioned houses were passing through Warwick, Mass.,
one story, well built, and well fur- and the other about the same disnished dwellings. Their materials tance to the northeast."
were not merely separated, but
"^Varreii, Me.
broken, splintered, reduced to kindling wood, and scattered like the
One of the county towns of LinThis town is situated
chaff of the summer thrashing coln county.
floors.
It was the same with fur- on both sides of St. Georges' river, at
bedding, bureaus, the head of the tide waters, and is
niture, beds,
chairs, tables, and the like.
loom bounded N. by Union, S. by Campwas, to appearance, carried whole den and Thomaston, S. by Gushing,
about forty rods, and then dashed and W. by Waldoborough. Incorin pieces.
The width of the deso- porated, 1776.
Population, 1830,
lation here was about twenty or 2,030; 1837,2,143.
It is 34 miles
twenty-five rods.
On the higher S. E. from Augusta.
grounds over which it passed it
The location of this town is very
was forty, fifty, or sixty rods. The favorable for manufactures and
deeper the valley, the narrower navigation.
The lumber business
and more violent was the current. is not so large as formerly, yet conFrom the last mentioned neighbor- siderable quantities are now sawed
hood it passed on to the east part and shipped.
Ship building is an
of Warner, but met with no other important branch of business, and
dwelling houses, and did but little the manufacture of lime, from a
damage, except to fences and for- superior quality of limestone, with
ests. The appearance of the ground
which this section of country
where it passed, was as if a migh- abounds, is carried on extensively,
A
�:
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The
and is annually increasing.
village is well located and pleasant
it contains a well conducted acadeor hi^h school, for youth of
both sexes; in which all the languages and other branches of education may be obtained, and such
my
A
the town, is about $75,000.
large
portion of the lands in Warren are
uneven and hilly, but the soil is
warm, and favorable to the growth
of grain, and the support of sheep,
of which 1,110 were kept in 1837.
The village is quite pleasant.
as are necessary to prepare them
for future usefulness in society.
Warren, N.
II.
Grafton co. This town is 10 miles
from Haverhill corner, and 63
N. by W, from Concord. It is watered by the N. branch of Baker's
river, which has its source on the
E. side of Moosehillock mountain.
S. E.
direction to WentS. line of Warren, furnishes several valuable mill
seats.
The S. E. part presents a
mountainous aspect, liaving a large
portion of Carr's mountain on its
southeastern border.
Warren was
granted by charter, in 1763. Population, in 1830, 702.
It
passes in a
N.
worth, and, near the
AVarren, Vt.
Washington
co.
This town was
about the year 1797, by
Samuel Lard and Seth Leavitt. It
lies 16 miles S. W. from Montpelier, and 31 S. E. from Burlington,
Population, 1330, 766.
This town
first settled
watered by Mad river, and although between the two Green
mountain ranges, the surface is not
much broken; it has some good mill
sites, and some mechanical operations by water.
Many cattle are
reared in the town, and about 4,000
sheep are kept.
is
"Wari'en, Mass.
Worcester co. This town was
called Western from 1741 to 1834.
It lies 60 miles W. by S. from Bos-
W. S.W from Worcester.
Population, 1837, 1,196.
It is watered by Chickopee river, and con-
ton, and 23
tains one
cotton
and two woolen
manuThe
goods annually made in
a scythe factory and
factures of palm-leaf hats.
mills,
value of
AVarreu, R.
I.
Bristol CO.
This small town, comprising an area of only about 2,600
acres, is situated on the E. side of
Narragansetbay, and is bounded N.
and W. by Palmer or Warren river,
E. by Massachusetts, and S. by
Bristol.
It is 11 miles S. E. from
Providence, and 19N.by E. Irom
Newport. Incorporated, 1746. Population, 1830, 1,800.
The
surface of
Warren
is
undu-
with a soil of rich mould,
very fertile and productive. Great
lating,
attention is paid in this place to agriculture, and particularly to horti-
and all the varieties of
and culinary vegetables are
produced in abundance and perfection,
Warren has a safe and commodious harbor for vessels of 300
tons burthen
a number of vessels
culture
;
fruits
:
owned here, engaged
commerce, the coasting
are
in foreign
trade and
fishery.
Ship building has been
pursued here to a great extent, and
some vessels are now built, but not
so many as formerly.
This place
has produced a great number of excellent sailors and ship masters, as
well as ship builders.
The village is delightfully situated on a rise of ground fronting the
harbor: it is neatly built, and is
surrounded by a variety of interesting scenery.
This town is noted
for the healthiness of its climate,
and the longevity of its inhabitants
In 1834, there were only 19 deaths
in the town, and the average age
Warof 7 of those was 85 years.
ren is a fine resort in summer, and is
much frequented.
Warren,
Litchfield co.
Ct.
Warren was taken
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEEU.
from Kent, in 1786. It is bounded
on the E. by Litchfield, and is 38
miles W. from Hartford. The town
watered by Shepaug river, a
is
branch of the Housatonick, and by
a large and handsome pond, called
Raumaug.
Warren is hilly and
rocky, and in some parts mountainous.
It however produces butter,
cheese, beef, pork, some grain, and
considerable
1830, 986.
wool.
Population, in
Warwiclc, Mass.
Franklin co. This town is elevatedj and contains Mount Grace,
from which a delightful prospect is
presented. The soil is strong, warm,
and produces excellent pasturage.
There are no considerable streams
in the town, and its manufactures
consist only of leather, scythes and
palm-leaf hats.
Moose pond, a
pleasant sheet of water, furnishes
an abundance of fine trout, pickerel and perch.
Warwick was incorporated in
1763.
Population, 1837, 1,111. It
W. from Boston,
is 78 miles W.
and 1-1 E. by N. from Greenfield.
N
Wartviclc, R.
Kent
CO.
©n
5
t'lie
W.
niiles S.
is
town
;
but
all
we
can at present state is, that but very few villages in our country can
boast of a more valuable manufacturing interest, particularly in cotton goods.
As early as 1822, there
v/ere 15 cotton and 2 woolen mills
in
Warwick.
Warwick is
the birth place of two
distinguished patriots and warriors.
Christopher Green was
He was in the illupon Quebec, in which
born in 1737.
situated
Narraganset bay,
from Providence. Popside of
a manufacturing
Col.
I.
This important town,
Shawomet,
the Indian
Cranston. An arm of the bay extends westward, giving to Warwick
and East Greenwich a number of
Vessels of 50
excellent harbors.
tons burthen pass to the flourishing
village of Apponaug, between 4
and 5 miles from the bay. This village is pleasantly located; 10 miles
S. from Providence, and is the site
of considerable enterprize in ship
building, the fishery, and the coasting trade.
Paivtuxet village is at the mouth
of Pawtuxet river, a port of entry,
and lays partly in Warwick, and
partly in Cranston.
This beautiful
village, 5 miles S. from Providence,
is celebrated for its great hydraulic power on navigable waters. Warwick is eminently distinguished as
fated attack
the brave Montgomery fell.
He
was afterwards selected by Washington to take charge of Fort Mer-
3,443
1830, 5,529. cer, or Red Bank, N. J.
For his
an area of 54 square gallant defence of tliat Fort against
miles.
The surface of the town, a superior force, in 1777, he acalong the bay, is generally level, quired the reputation of a brave,
but the westerly part is hilly, so judicious and faithful officer. He
much so that from some of the el- was assassinated in the most bru
evations, a large part of the state tal manner, in 1781, by a part)*may be seen in a clear day. The of American royalists, while staprevailing soil is a gravelly loam, tioned on the border of Croton river.
strong, and
productive of grain, New York.
grass, fruits and vegetables.
The
Major General Nathaniel
town is well supplied with a great Green was born in 1741. He died
variety of fish, and forests of wal- in Georgia, in 1786. General Green
nut, oak and chesnut.
early received the particular favor
Pawtuxet river washes the north- of Washington.
This favor was
ern part of the town, and meets continued throughout the war, and
the waters of the Narraganset at was strengthened by his ardent
this place, separating Warwick from patriotism, undaunted courage, pruulation,
1820,
It contains
;
•
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
dence, and superior military know-
wooded wilderness.
ledge.
ter of the surface
" Within a mile from the village
of Apponaug may be seen a huge
rock, so completely balanced upon
another, and its equilibrium so exact, that a boy 14 years of age may
set it in such motion that the contact
or collision caused thereby, produces a sound somewhat like that of
a drum, but more sonorous, which
in a still evening may be heard'a
county,
distance of 6 or 8
miles.
from time immemorial,
it
Hence,
has gone
by the name of the Drum Rock.
the ponderous weight of that
part which is thus nicely balanced,
From
generally believed that no oththan the hand of nature ever
could have done it. Yet some are
inclined to believe, that it was thus
placed by the herculean labor of
some tribe of the nath^es. There
remains no doubt, but that this was
a place of their resort or encampand that the Drum Rock
ment
served them either to give an alarm
in case of danger, or to call the tribe
together from their daily avocations.
This rock is considered as a great
curiosity, excites much attention,
an<l consequently is at the present
day a place of much resort, particularly in the pleasant season of
the year.'
it is
er
;
of the
Its
interior
part,
for
but 14 miles
in breadth
that part near the sea
This
is about 50 miles in width.
is
:
bounded N. by Lower
Canada, E. by New Brunswick, S.
bj' the ocean, and W. by the counties of Hancock and Penobscot.
It
territory
is
an area of about 4,150
square miles. About a third part
of this county may be said to be
settled ; the residue is a densely
contains
adjacent
soil of this
the same as that
counties of Han-
people, who, though undor different
governments, hav,e the same language, a similar religion, a kindred
blood."
The tonnage of the two districts
in this county, Machias and Passamaquoddy, in 1837, was 19,072 tons.
In 1837, the number of sheep in
the same
the count}- was 19,008
year it produced 27,014 bushels of
wheat. The population of the counin 1830,
ty in 1820, was 12,744
21,294; and in 1837, 28,495: increase in 7 years, 34 pr. ct., and in 17
years, 123 pr, ct. Pop. to sq. m.,7.
:
;
Wasliington, Me.
Macliias is the shire town. This
county is of a singular form. It
extends from the Atlantic ocean to
the border of Lower Canada, a distance of more than 3 1-2 degrees
more than 175 miles,
much
cock and Penobscot. In common
with all the Atlantic counties in
Maine, Washington county possesses its numerous bays, inlets, capacious harbors, and pleasant islands,
so admirably adapted to foreign and
domestic commerce, the fisheries
and ship building.
The St. Croix is its most important river.
The banks of this noble stream are rapidly settling, by
Yankees on one side and Englishmen on the other; and long may it
be a channel, not only of individual and national wealth, but of " good
nature and good humor, between
Washington County, Me.
of latitude.
is
The charac-
and
Lincoln co. This town contains
several ponds, and some branches
Damariscotta and Musof the
congus rise here. It lies 35 miles
E. from Augusta, and 25 N. N. E.
from Wiscasset. Population 1837,
Wheat crop, same year,
1,378.
Incorporated, 1811.
2,269 bushels.
It
was formerly caHed Putnam.
AVasKington, N. H.,
22 miles N.
S. from
Charlestown, and 35 W. from Concord.
This town is hilly, but not
Lovewell's mounmountainous.
Lovetain, so called from Capt.
Sullivan
co.,
lies,
N. E. from Keene, 20 E. by
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
well's killing 7 Indians near it, is
conical shape, about 3-4 of a
mile in diameter, and may be seen
at a considerable distance.
Washington abounds with springs, rivulets, and natural ponds, of the last
of which, there are no less than 16,
and some of them of considerable
magnitude. Island pond, so called
from its being full of islands, is 2
miles long, and 1 1-2 wide.
Half
moon pond is 1 1-2 miles in length.
Ashuelot pond is 1 1-2 miles long,
and 1 mile wide, and is the source
of one of the principal branches of
Ashuelot river. Brockway's pond,
a beautiful sheet of water, lying on
a white sand, is 1 mile long and 1-2
a mile wide.
Long pond, lying in
this town and Stoddard, is 5 miles in
length.
These ponds abound with
a variety of fish.
branch of
Contoocook river has its source from
several small ponds in the E. part
of the town.
The soil is generally
deep and moist, better for grass than
ot a
A
tillage.
in 176S.
Washington was settled
was first called Monad-
It
nock, JVo.
it
was
8.
called
ber 13, 1776,
rated
by
its
settlers
first
each
for
mountainous region.
of the county is
uneven, hilly, and in some parts
mountainous, but there is much
flourish in this
The
surface
valuable land
which
along
the streams,
in man}'- parts are sluggish,
and form large tracts of excellent
intervale.
The agricultural productions consist of neat cattle, horses, hogs, wool, and of the producIn 1837, there
tions of the dairy.
were 60,025 sheep in Washington
There are large bodies of
county.
beautiful granite, in the county,
and slate of various kinds. Popu14,113; 1830, 21,378.
Since 1830, there have been some
small changes in Washington counWe will
ty, in regard to territory.
thank any of our Green Mountain
friends to give us all the necessary
information respecting it, for future
editions.
The rail roiid from Boston to Ogdensburgh will probably
pass through this county, but we
beg them not to wait for that event.
lation, 1820,
From its settlement,
Wasliington, Vt.
Camden, till Decemwhen it was incorpoOrange co. Branches of Onion,
present name.
The Wait's and White rivers rise in this
had 150 acres of land
settling.
Population, in
1330, 1,135.
Wasliiugton County, Vt.
MoNTPELiER is the
chief town.
nearly in the centre
of the state, and the principal part
of it lies between the two ranges
of the Green Mountains.
It is
bounded N. by Lamoille and parts
of Chittenden and Caledonia counties, E. by Caledonia county, S. by
Orange and Addison, and W. by
Addison, and Chittenden, counties.
It was incorporated in 1810, by the
name of Jefferson, and took its present name in 1814.
The county is
finely wd^ered by its chief river,
the Winooski, or Onion, and many
of its important branches.
These
streams afford the county an abun-
This county
dant water power, and manufacturing establishments increase and
is
town, but afford no considerable
water power. The two former are
called Jail Branches, from the cir-
cumstance that the proprietors were
required by their charter, of 1781,
within the limits of
the town, at an early period. There
is some excellent land along the
streams, and the uplands are generally arable, and afford good pasturage.
There is a neat village in
the town, some trade and manufacto erect a jail
between 3,000 and 4,000
sheep are annually sheared. Washington is 15 miles S. by E. from
Montpelier, and is bounded S. by
tures, and
Chelsea. Population, 1830, 1,374.
"Wasliington, Mass.
This mountainous
watered by branches of
Westfield and Housatonick river*^^
Berkshire co.
town
is
�;
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The
soil is well adapted for grazing.
In 1837, 5,209 sheep were sheared in the town, producing 15,627
pounds of wool, principally merino.
There is found in this town a porous quartz, which is used as buhr
stones, for mill stones
and is remarkable for resisting heat. Washington was incorporated in 1777. It
is 122 miles W. from Boston, and 8
Population, 1837,
E. from Lenox.
;
758.
Washington County, R. I.
South Kingcton is the shire town.
This is a maritime county situated
in the southwestern section of the
bounded on the north by
east by Narraganset bay, on the south by the
Atlantic ocean, and on the west by
state
;
Kent county, on the
The avthe state of Connecticut.
erage length of the county, from
east to west, is about 20 miles, and
it has a mean breadth of more than
18 miles, comprising about 367
square miles. The geological character of this county is primitive
the rocks consist of granite and oth-
The suroriginal forniations.
face is generally diversified with
moderate hills and narrow dales;
there are, however, some considerable eminences in the northwest
section of the county, and some
flats of considerable extent in the
south section, bordering upon the
The prevailing soil is a
Atlantic.
primitive gravelly loam, strong and
fertile ; there are some considerable tracts of sandy loam, and some
considerable section
of alluvial.
of this county was formerly called
ej
A
the Narraganset country, and was
celebrated for an excellent breed
the other section
of pacing horses
was called the Shannock country,
and was equally distinguished for
a valuable breed of neat cattle.
This county still maintains a high
reputation as a grazing district, and
aflbrds many extensive and valuable dairies.
But the agricultural
interests are not confined exclu;
38
sively to the objects of the grazing
business ; in some sections of the
county considerable attention is paid
to the cultivation of grain, particularly Indian corn and barley ; some
rye also is raised. The inhabitants
are distinguished for their habits of
industry and frugality, and in general enjoy their necessary results,
health and competence.
The waters of the county are extensive and important, possessing a
maritime border upon the Atlantic
ocean and the Narraganset bay, of
more than 50 miles extent. There
are, however, but 2 or 3 harbors ;
the principal of which is Wickford,
in the northeastern section of the
county the next most important is
The principal inthe Pawcatuck.
terior waters of the county are embodied in the Pawcatuck river,
which forms part of the western
boundary of the state. The principal branches of the Pawcatuck
are the Wood and Charles rivers;
which, with their tributary streams,
water a large portion of the western section of the county, and af;
ford
numerous
sites for mills,
and
other hydraulic works.
There are, in the county, several
salt and freshwater ponds, which
are well supplied with fish.
The fisheries of the county are
extensive and valuable, affording
employment to considerable industry, which is usually well rewarded.
The fish taken, not only supply the home consumption, but constitute an article of exportation.
Although the commercial business carried on within the county
yet its
is not very considerable,
maritime situation has had its natural influence upon the habits of
the people ; a considerable portion
of whom are employed in seafaring
business.
The manufacturing
the
interests of
county are considerable, and
consist principally of the woolen
and cotton manufactures, and the
Besic'^s
business of ship building.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
these, there is considerable mechanical industry in the other departments of mechanical business.
In 1S37, there were 81,619 sheep
in the county. Population, in 1800,
in 1820,
16,135; 1810, 14,983;
Population
15,687; 1830, 15,411.
to a square mile, 42.
From this
statement of the population, it appears that this county must have
suffered greatly by emigration.
Wasliingtoii, Ct.
Litchfield co.
Judea, the first
society in this town, was a part of
Woodbury until 1741. It was first
settled in 1734.
It was incoi-porated as a town in 1779.
This town is 40 miles S. W. from
Hartford, and 10 S. W. from Litclifield.
Population, 1830, 9S6.
large part of this town is el-
"A
mountainous.
evated and
stone abounds in
Lime-
many
of the valleys.
Several quaj-ries of marble
have been worked, from which considerable quantities have been raised.
Iron ore has been found in various places.
Ochre, fuller's earth,
and white clay, have also been
found.
The town is watered by
the Shepaug river, a branch of the
Housatonick, wh.ich passes tlirough
the whole length of the town, di-
viding
it
two nearly equal parts.
divided into two soJudea and New Preston.
into
The town
cieties,
is
There
is in
as
called,
Judea, or ^V'ashington
about two miles S.
W. of the centre of the towa, a
place called " Steep Rock."
From
the top of this eminence, which is
easy of access, the beholder has
one of the most interesting and
it is
beautiful
prospects in the state.
presents an area in the
form of an amphitheatre, the sides
of which are covered with a dense
forest.
The Shepaug river is seen
flowing in a beautiful circle at the
base of the bluff.
Within the circle of the river, there are several
cultivated fields, affording a beautiful landscape to the beholder.
The scene
" This town has been the theatre
of one of the most atrocious murEngders ever committed in
land.
The murderer was a man or
rather fiend, by the name of Barnett
Davenport. From his own confession, it appears that his parentage
and early education were exactly
New
produce his wicked life and
Untutored and
unrestrained by parental government, he was left to grow up at
In the morning of life,
random.
no morality was inculcated upon
him, and no sense of religion, either
On the
by precept or example.
contrary, he was, from early years,
unprincipled, profane, and impious.
Befoi-e he was 9 years old, he was
expert in cursing and swearing, and
an adept in mischief. At 11 years
he began to pilfer. At 13 he stole
money.
At 15 he entertained
tlioughts of murder, and rapidly
waxed harder and bolder in wickedness.
At 19, he actually murdered a family in cold blood. As a
friendless wandering stranger, he
was taken into the house of Mr.
Caleb Mallory, and treated with
the utmost kindness, in December,
1779.
Scarcely two months had
fitted to
his
tragical end.
elapsed, before the
murder was de-
termined on. The night of February 3d, 1780, was fixed on to exe-
With a
cute the horrid purpose.
heart hard as adamant, he lighted a
candle, went into the lodging room
of his benefactors, and beat them to
little grand
death with a club.
child being with its gi-and parents
shared the same fate, and two others
were left in a sound sleep to perish
Having kindled a
in the flames.
fire in three of the rooms, he fled,
after robbing the house of its most
But from an acvaluable articles.
cusing conscience, and from the
hand of justice, which followed
hard upon his steps, he was unable
He was taken, and executo flee.
ted at Litchfield in the May ensu-
A
ing-."
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
W'aterljorougli, Me.
York CO. This town is watered
by a large and pleasant pond, which
empties into Little Ossipee river,
a branch of the Saco, and by the
head branches of the Mousum, a
stream which meets the ocean at
Kennebunk. This is a flourishing
town, with a pleasant surface and
It lies 81 miles S. W.
good soil.
from Augusta, 24 W. from Portland,
and is bounded S. by Alfred. IncorPopulation,
porated, 17S7.
1,816; 1837, 1,953.
1830,
Waterbiiry, Vt.
Washington co. The surface of
Waterbury is generally level, with
The soil is
some pleasant swells.
and fertile the meadow lands
on the livers, of which there are
warm
:
large tracts, are not excelled, in
richness, by any in the state.
This town is separated from
Duxbury by Onion river, which,
with Waterbury river and other
streams, afford the town a good
It was first settled
water power.
Population, 1830, 1,650.
12 miles N. W. from Montpelier, and 24 E. S. E. from Bur-
in 1784.
It lies
lington.
In the southwest corner of the
township, the passage of Onion river through a considerable hill, is
considered a curiosity. The stream
has here worn a channel through
the rocks, which in times past, undoubtedly, formed a cataract below
of no ordinary height, and a considThe chasm is
erable lake above.
at present about one hundred feet
wide, and nearly as deep. On one
side the rocks are nearly perpendic-
form several caverns or caves, some
which have the appearance of
rooms fitted for the convenience of
Several musket balls and
man.
flints were found in the extreme
part of this cavern, a few years
since, with the appearance of havof
ing lain there many years, which
makes it evident that it was known
to the early hunters.
Waterbury River,
rises in
Mor-
ristown, and runs south through
the western part of Stow and WaIn Stow,
terbury into Onion river.
it receives
one considerable tributary from the east which rises in
Worcester, and two from the west
It also
which rise in Mansfield.
receives several tributaries from
west, in Waterbury, which
the
The whole
originate in Bolton.
length of the stream is about 16
miles, and it affords a number of
good mill privileges.
"Waterbury, Ct.
New Haven co. The Indian
Mattatuck, a territory comprising
this and some of the neighboring
towns, being IS miles in length and
10 miles in width, was sold by the
red men to the whites,, in the year
1684, " for divers good causes and
This piece
thirty-nine pounds."
of ground was supposed by the
white men, to afford sufficient room
and accommodations for thirty famThe
ilies.
8,000 people
territory
and
;
now
if its
contains
population
dense as that of England, in
would contain no less than
20,r)I0, or of Belgium, 35,370 souls.
There are some good lands on
the borders of the streams, within
was
as
1831,
it
ular, some of which have fallen
across the bed of the stream, in such
a manner as to form a bridge, pas-
the present limits of Waterbury ;
but the surface of the town is generally rough, and the soil difficult
however, only at low water.
the same side the rocks which
appear to have been loosened and
moved by the undermining of the
water, have again rested, and become fixed in such a posture as to
of cultivation.
sable,
On
This town lies 28 miles S. W.
from Hartford, and 20 N. by W.
Population,
from New Haven.
1830, 3,070.
"
The
site
upon which the bor-
�NEW ENGLAND
of Waterbnry stands, is situated in a valley which is washed by
Mad river on the east, and the Naugatuck on the west ; and in its central partis about a mile in breadth.
ough
The main street runs east and west
but since the increase of the manufacturing establishments within the
last twelve years, a large share of
the new buildings have been erected in their vicinity, which is in the
southeast part of the village.
On
either side of the village, hills
gradually rise to a considerable
elevation, presenting to the eye
the galleries of an amphitheatre, the village forming the area.
The number of houses is about one
hundred and fifty, and the population
hundred
fifteen
;
which
it is
calculated has doubled itself during the last twelve years; most of
the factories having been established
within that time.
Some of the
private dwellings may be called
splendid, and a majority of them
neat, convenient, with handsome
court yards in front.
" Of the articles manufactured
in the village, those of gilt buttons
and the rolling of brass and copper
metals for a great variety of uses,
constitute the greatest business.
There are three factories of this
kind upon an extensive scale, two
in the village, and one about two
miles north, connected with which
is a gold refinery.
There are likewise two factories of gilt buttons
upon a considerable scale, uncon-
nected with rolling mills.
One
extensive rolling mill connected
with the brass wire and tubing
manufacture, two satinet factories,
one woolen factory, besides a great
number of minor establishments, in
which buttons of various kinds and
other articles are manufactured to a
considerable extent.
The number
of persons in the village, of both
sexes, who are employed in the
manufacturing establishments, is
between
It is
not
six
and seven hundred.
precisely
known what
GAZETTEER.
amount
manufactured yearly,
is
but it has been estimated by good
judges to exceed a million of dollars,
and is upon the increase.
The
route has been surveyed by a practical engineer, for constructing a
canal to bring the Naugatuck on to
bank at the west end of the
town, which will, when completed,
afford n supply of water power, cathe
pable
more
employing
of
capital than has
as
much
or
been already
invested."
Samuel
Hopkijvs, D. D., the
founder of a religious sect, denominated Hopkinsians , was born in
this town, in 1721.
He died at
Newport, R. I., in 1803. See JReligious Greeds, and Statistics.
Dr. Lemuel Hopkins, a poet,
and an eminent physician, was born
in Waterbury, in 1750.
He died
at Hartford, in 1801.
"Waterford, Me.
Oxford CO. This town is watered by a number of beautiful ponds,
and Crooked river passes through
northeast border.
The surface
generally level and the soil good.
It produced in 1837, 5,545 bushels
of wheat.
Waterford was incorporated in
1797.
It lies 57 miles W. by S.
from Augusta, and 10 W. by S.
from Paris.
Population, in 1837,
its
is
1,297.
1\ aterford, Vt.
Caledonia co.
This town wag
chartered in 1780, by the name of
Littleton,
until 1797.
which name it retained
It was first settled in
It lies on the west side of
1787.
Connecticut river, 32 miles E. N.
E. from Montpelier, and 12 E. S. E.
Population, 1830,
from Danville.
The west part of the town
1,358.
is watered by the Passumpsic, and
the north border by Moose river.
Here is a water power, and some
manufactures, A part of the town
borders on Fifteen Mile Falls, in
Connecticut river.
The banks of
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
pal village, the
United States Arse-
that river are steep at this place,
and form but little intervale. The
uplands are rough and stony, but
good for sheep, of which 3,500 are
munitions of war, occupies a site
At the
of 40 acres of ground.
kept.
commencement
Waterford,
nal, containing a large
amount
of
of the revolutionary war, this place was the chosen
seat of the continental congress.
Ct.
New London co. This town That body of patriots was in session
was taken from New London in at Watertown on the day of the
battle of " Bunker Hill."
1801.
It is washed on the east side
There are two paper mills in the
by the river Thames and on the
south by Long Island Sound, from town, a cotton mill, print works, an
which a bay or inlet extends, be- establishment for finishing woolen
tween IMillslone and Black Points, goods, and manufactures of soap,
;
candles, boots, shoes, boxes, &.c.
Large quantities of beef, pork,
bacon, &c., are annually packed at
this place for the Boston market,
In 1837,
and for transportation.
three soap and candle manufactories
used 300 tons of tallow, 350 tons of
barilla, 50 tons of palm-oil, 1,750
barrels of rosin, 2,000 casks of
lime, and 1,000 bushels of salt.
quite into the centre of the town,
affording a harbor for small vessels.
This is a resort for fishermen on the
Sound, and many species of the
finny tribe are taken captive.
There are a number of ponds in
the town, three considerable mill
streams, and two woolen factories.
The surface of the town is rocky and
uneven, with a gravelly loam, productive of corn, vegetables, fruits,
and feed for cattle. In 1837, it contained 2,532 sheep.
Waterford lies 37 miles S. E. from
LonHartford, and 4 V/. from
Population, 1830, 2,463.
don.
Watertown was
first
settled
Saltonstall
and others.
in
Richard
1630, by the sons of Sir
It
was
in-
Popucoiporated the same year.
lation, 1830, 1,641; 1837, 1,739.
Its
It is 7 miles W. from Boston.
Indian name was Pigsgusset.
New
AVaterqiieeclxy Kiver, Vt.
"Waterto^via, Ct.
See Qucechy River.
This town lies
from Hartford,
26 N.by W. from New Haven, and
Popu10 S. E. from Litchfield.
Litchfield CO.
30 miles S. S. W.
Wa,tertowi\, Mass.
Charles river
Middlesex co.
this town a v^aluable water
power, which is well improved.
gives
1,500.
lation, 1830,
river is navigable to the centre
of the town for vessels of 6 or 7
feet draught of water.
The surface of the town is diversified by hills and valleys, which is
rendered very beautiful by a high
state of cultivation, and by the nu-
Watertown was formerly a parish
in Waterbury, by the name of West-
merous
S.
The
cottages,
villas,
and
bury.
incorporated as a
Vt'as
It is
bounded N. by
E. by the Naugatuck
river, separating it from Plymouth,
W. by Bethlem and Woodbury, and
neat farm houses,
gardens
by Middlebury and Waterbury.
about 6 1-2 miles in length, and
The township is genbut
erally uneven, or rather hilly
It is
4 in breadth.
A
38*
in 17S0.
Litchfield,
delightful
Avhich meet the eye in every direction.
part of the beautiful sheet
of water, called " Fresh Pond,"
and apart of the celebrated Mount
Auburn Cemetery lie in this town.
On the north bank of the river,
a short distance below the princi-
It
town
;
some sections are
1
level.
The
pre-
vailing soil is a dry gravelly loam,
and best adapted to grazing, but
the different grains common to this
part of the country are cultivated
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Steel's brook, a sprightly stream,
passes through the central part of
the town, and for a mile below and
some distance above the centre of
the town, a chain of rich meadows,
though small in extent, border the
sides of this stream.
This is tbe birth place of Johjv
Trumbull,, the celebrated author
of " McFingal."
He graduated
at Yale College, and studied law
with John Adams, in Boston. The
first part of his McFingal appeared
in 1775.
It was completed in 17S2.
He was a judge of the Superior
Court of Connecticut from ISO! to
1819.
In 1825, he removed to
Detroit, where he died, in 1831,
aged 81 years.
The people of this town make
some boast of the size of their forest trees.
It is said, as an extraordinary fact, " that one of the first
settlers, having no shelter for the
night, peeled off the bark of one of
the trees he had felled, and la}^
down upon the inside.
In the
morning when he awoke, he found
the bark rolled up so closely that it
was with some difficulty he could
extricate himself."
This story will do to tell as far
west as Connecticut, but the ' Down
Easters'
would
laugh
at
it.
It
take Dame Nature more
than a night to screw up the bark
of one of their common pines even
to the circumference of the
Hampshire Giant.
The Maine
folks willingly grant to Connecticut the tallest poets, but claim to
their state the biggest trees.
would
New
V/atevville, Me.
Kennebec
co.
This town
is
situ-
ated on the west bank of the Kennebec river, 13 miles N. from Augusta.
It was incorporated as a
part of Winslow in 1771, and as
a separate town in 1802.
Population in
1820, 1719; in 1830,
2,216; in 1837, 2,905.
It contains
80 square miles, mostly of the
best quality of farming land of the
Kennebec region.
of the population
Seven twelfths
is
estimated
be
to
agiicultural. The principal village,
of about 180 houses, is on the Kennebec, at Ticonic Falls.
These
falls are 18 feet in height, extending
quite across the river.
In the town,
there are 17 saws, four grist mills,
carding machines, three plaster
mills, two extensive tanneries and
a machine shop.
One iron found ty,
a branch of the celebrated Fair-
banks establishment
in
Vermont,
supplies a great portion of the interior of the state with ploughs. The
public structures are 4 meeting
houses, an Academy, and the Liberal Institute, a Seminary founded
by Universalists. This latter edifice, though small, is one of the
most beautiful specimens of architecture in the state. Ticonic bridge,
crossing the Kennebec, 550 feet in
length, is a fine specimen of Col.
Long's plan of construction.
Watervilie College is pleasantly
situated near the village, on the
bank of the river. There are 2 edifices for rooms, a chapel, and a
commons
This
hall.
was founded
Institution
Theolo1821 it was converted into a College, and has 143
founded by
graduates.
It was
Baptists, but is open to all denomiin 1813, as a
gical school;
nations,
and
manual
in
labor.
affords
Its
President, three
tv/o Tutors.
facilities
Faculty
Professors,
for
is
a
and
From Augusta,
the head of sloop
goods are transported
large flat-boats,
to Waterville in
some of which carry 40 tons. This
renders the place an important depot
of merchandise for an extensive
country above, and of produce and
navigation,
manufactures brought down to be
shipped for a market: great quantities of oats, shingles and other lumber, leather, potash and potatoes, are
thus transported from this place.
The
is
dam at Augusta,
have improved the
erection of a
thought
to
navigation, and
afifords facilities
for
�NEW ENGLAND
making Waterville the centre
of
country above.
A
steam boat now runs between this
place and the lower towns.
The village of West Waterville
is on Emerson stream, atributary of
the Kennebec.
Here is a remarkble cascade, the highest known in
the state, and is much resorted to for
its picturesque scenery.
At this
village are manufactories for cutting out last blocks, which are extrade
for the
ported in great quantities to Massachusetts, and a scythe factory of
high reputation, which made 300
dozen scythes in the year 183S.
The water power at Waterville
and in the vicinity, is singularly
great.
circle described from the
Ticonic falls, before named, as a
centre, with a radius of live miles,
includes two falls across the whole
Kennebec, at Kendall's mills, two
miles above Waterville; two falls, 5
miles distant, on the Sebasticook, a
large tributary stream ; and an indefinite series of falls upon the
Emerson stream, from the cascade
to its confluence, besides numerous
rapids, v/hich could easily be dammed, on all these streams. It is believed that no similar circle of 10
miles diameter in New England,
comprehends £0 large and convenient water power. But a very small
part of this power is yet occupied,
and situated as Waterville is, in the
centre of these manufacturing facilities, enjoying convenient boat
navigation to the sea ports, with an
extensive region of the best agricultural advantages in the rear, it
A
promises to become a thrifty and
populous town.
Waterville, X. H.
Grafton co. This town comprises the territory called GiJIis and
Foss' Grant, until its incorporation,
in 1S29.
It is bounded N. by ungranted land, E. by Albany, S. by
Sandv/ich, and W. by Thornton. It
was granted June 29, 1S19, to Joeiah GHlis,
Moses Foss,
jr.
and oth-
GAZETTEER.
ers.
watered
It is
b}'
Mad
river,
among the mountainous
tracts on the N.
runs S. W. about
20 miles, and falls into Pemigewaswhich
rises
;
set river in Campton.
Swift river
has its source in this town, pursues
an E. course through Albany, into
Conway, wliere it unites with Saco
river.
There are 2 ponds, and several considerable elevations.
Moses Foss, jr. commenced the settlement some years since. It has 96
inhabitants.
Waterville, Vt.
Lamoille co. This town is environed by mountains, and is itself
mountainous. It is watered by a
branch of Lamoille river, and is
bounded E. by Belvidere, W. by
Fletcher.
It lies about 25 miles S.
E. from St. Albans.
Population,
1830, 4S8.
Wayland, Mass.
Middlesex co. The name of this
town was East Sudbury, from 17S0
to 1835.
It lies
on the east side of
Sudbury river, and is bounded east
by Weston.
The surface of the
town is pleasant the soil is generally good, and contains some well
cultivated farms.
There are 4 for;
ges in this town, and manufactures
of chairs and cabinet ware
but the
principal manufacture is that of
boots and shoes ; the annual value
of which is about $25,000.
Wayland is 16 miles W. from Boston,
and 7 S. from Concord. Population,
1837, 931.
;
Wayne, Me.
Kennebec co. Wayne
lies
N.
of Leeds, and is situated a little below the centre of a chain of beautiful lakes or ponds, Avho^e outlet,
which passes through the town,
falls into the Androscoggin.
The
centre of the town is about 4 miles
east of the Androscoggin, and 16
W. from Augusta. The surface of
the town is undulating, and the soil
fertile. It was incorporated in 1798.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Wheat
Population, in 1837, 1 ,170.
same year, 3,268 bushels.
and superior farm, and has greatly
benefited this section of country by
crop,
the introduction
of new modes
of agriculture, and more valuable
breeds of stock. The agricultural
Weare, N. H.
Hillsborough
co.
The only
riv-
er in Weare, is the N. W. branch
of Piscataquog, which enters the
products of Weathersfield are very
valuable
about 15,000 fleeces of
fine wool are annually sheared.
This town is large, and contains
a number of pleasant villages.
It
is watered by several ponds, and by
Black river, which gives it a water
power, and which is applied to
manufacturing operations to some
extent.
In common with all the
towns on Connecticut river, Weathersfield has its share of delightful
scenery and there is no better
place to find it, in all its richness,
than on the Ascutney, at the north
part of the town.
:
west boundary from Deering, and
meanders through the N. and E,
sections of the town, and passes
the S. line about half a mile from
the S. E. corner.
This river affords
the best mill seats in the town.
There are three small ponds in this
town. Rattlesnake hill, nearly in
the centre of the N. line of the
town, abounds with shelving rocks,
abrupt precipices, forming dens and
caves.
Dui'ing the summer season,
the reptile from which the hill
takes its name, is frequently found.
The town, though rather broken, is
not mountainous.
It has small
;
Webster, Mass.
swamps, and some good meadows.
It is
its
Worcester
now
and wealthy husbandmen.
It
was
incorporated in 1764, and received its name in honor of Meshech
Weare, chief justice of the province of N. H.
VV^eare is 15 miles S. W. from
Concord, and 17 N. N. W. from
Amherst. Population, 1S30, 2,430.
co.
[Those
who
lation, 1837, 1,210.
Avish
There are in operation in this
town two woolen and four large
course and distance to
the onion fields in Connecticut, or
to their f^\ir cultivators, will please
see Wethersfield, Ct.]
Weathersfield was first settled
about the year 1778.
It is bounded
to find the
cotton mills, a cotton thread mill,
1 machine shop, 1 bleachery, a tannery, and a manufactory of tin
ware total value of manufactures,
the year ending April 1, 1837,
:
by Springfield, N. by Windsor,
and is 61 miles S. by E. from MontS.
Population, in 1830, 2,213.
This town lies on the west side of
Connecticut river, at the " Bow,"
so called from a bend in the river.
It contains
large tracts of rich
meadow land, and the uplands are
of a good quality.
William Jarvis, Esq., for many
years a resident here, owns a large
This town was
Douglas,
Thompson, in
S. by
Connecticut, and W. by Dudley.
It is 46 miles W. S. W. from Boston, 16 S. from Worcester, 45 E.
by S. from Springfield, and 28 N.
W. from Providence, R. I.
Popu-
Weatliersfielcl, Vt.
Windsor
co.
incoiporated in 1832, and named
in conipliment to Hon. Daniel
Webster, including a part of
Dudley and Oxford, and a tract of
land previously unincoi-porated. It
is bounded N. by Oxford, E. by
settled and cultivated to
extreme limits by industrious
$312,277.
French river and a pond give this
place a large and unfailing water
power. The original name of this
pond, as appears from ancient deeds,
was Chabanako7igkomo 171, the same
pelier.
name by which Dudley was known,
though the
latter probably borrowfrom the former.
Some records and maps of New England
ed
I
it
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
have given the name of Chargog-
gagoggmanchoggagogg. The
at the outlet of this
pond
is
24
fall
feet,
which is increased after it empties
into French river to about 90 feet
the Cape
it is neatly built, and
although it is surrounded by sand
hills, and almost entirely destitute
:
of vegetation,
it
makes
a
handsome
for the late Samuel Slater to concentrate here a large portion of his
Wellfieet bay sets
into the town from the south, and
is separated from Cape Cod bay by
several islands, which form a good
harbor, at a place called " Deep
manufacturing capital
Hole."
it passes
into Connecticut.
This afforded ample water power
before
and it is to
Father of
American manufactures,' that this
place is indebted for most of the
the
enterprise of this
;
which it at present enwas his favoiite residence,
and where his remains now rest.
A remnant of the Dudley, or
more properly of the Nipmuck InIt
They
are about
40 in number, though but few of
them are of pure blood.
These
Indians formerly owned a considerable tract of reserved land in the
centre of Chabanakongkamon or
Dudley. This was sold by order of
the legislature, and the proceeds
appropriated to their support, and to
the purchase of about 30 acres, on
which they now reside. This money is now expended, and they are
dependent on the bounty of the
dians, reside here.
In 1837, there were 120 vessels,
'
prosperity
joys.
appearance.
state for support.
Weld, Me.
Franklin co. This town contains
a large and beautiful pond, the outlet of which forms a considerable
river, which passing south falls into
the Androscoggin at Mexico.
The surface of the town is remarkably pleasant, and the soil fertile.
Wheat crop, 1837, 6,039 bushels.
Weld lies 53 miles W. N. W.
from Augusta, and 14 W. from
Farmington.
Population, in 1830,
766 ; 1837, 953.
Wellfleet, Mass.
measuring about 6,000 tons, belonging to this place, employed in the
cod and mackerel fisheries, and a
number engaged in the coasting
trade.
The fishermen took 3,100
quintals of cod fish, and 17,500 barrels of mackerel
the value of
which was $128,500. The quantity
of salt used was 29,350 bushels the
number of hands employed was 496.
During that year there were 39 establishments for the manufacture
of salt in this place ; the quantity
made was 10,000 bushels.
There are several ponds and
streams in the town, which afford
water power sufficient for a large
cotton mill.
There are some manufactures of leather, boots and
shoes but the people are principally employed in the fishery, coasting trade and manufacture of salt.
Wellfleet was incorporated in
1723.
Population, 1830, 2,044;
1837, 2,303.
Dr. Morse stated in 1797, that
" since the memory of people now
living, there have been in this small
town thirty pai" of twins, besides
two births that produced three
:
:
;
each."
This is one of the most thriving
towns in the state. One of its forresidents. Col. Elisha Doane,
have acquired a fortune of
120,000 pounds sterling on this sandy
spot. The Indian name of the town
mer
is
said to
Barnstable co.
This township
lies on both sides of Cape Cod
it is
hounded N. by Truro, S. by Eastham, and is 33 miles below Barn-
was Rinonakannil.
stable.
bounded E. by Parkman, S. by HarIt is
mony, and W. by Brighton.
:
The town
is
on the west
side of
Wellinglom, Me.
Piscataquis co.
Wellington
is
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
watered by one of the head branches of Sebasticook river, and lies
about 22 miles N. by E. from Skovvhegan.
part of the town is elevated, but its surface, generally,
is undulating, with a productive
A
Wheat
soil.
Population, 1837, 721.
crop,
same year, 4,290 bushels.
Wells, Me.
York CO. Wells lies on the sea
coast between York and Kennebunk, and is 85 miles S. W. by S.
from Augusta, and 30 S. W. by S.
from Portland.
The first settlers
came from Exeter, N. H., about
the
A
year 1640.
chief,
noted Indian
Wawwaw,
lived here about
one hundred years ago, pretending
to claim this and some adjoining
towns. There is no evidence of any
purchase of Indian
tle
pond, which
in Marshfield.
It runs nearly
southeast about two miles, and falfs
into Long pond in Groton, which is
about two miles long and 100 rods
wide. From this pond it continues
its southeasterly course half a mile,
and falls into another pond, which
is about half a mile long and a
quarter of a mile wide.
It then
runs a mile and a half, and meets
the south branch, which rises near
the southwest corner of the town,
and runs nearly east to its junction
with the main stream ; it then runs
east southeast about a mile, and
receives the north branch, which
has its source near the southeast
corner of the town.
Continuing
the same course, it passes through
the northwest part of Ryegate into
Newbury, and running near the line
ship
somewhat
ous.
A
difficult.
Ogunquit
riv-
in the
southerly part of the
town, forms a harbor for small
coasting and fishing vessels.
The town contains about 35,000
acres, of which one fifth may be
considered waste land, or unfit for
cultivation. It contains large tracts
er,
of salt
meadow.
exported
to
Wood
for fuel is
the north-
it
title to the soil.
charter from Thomas
Gorges is dated Sept. 27, 1643.
There are a number of small
streams or brooks running through
the town in various directions, on
which are 1 fulling, 16 saw and 10
grist mills.
The principal river
near the middle of the town, and
was called by the Indians Wehhannet, but is now generally called the
" Town river."
sand bar at the
entrance renders the navigation
The town
lies at
west corner of Groton and a part of
between Newbury
and Ryegate
about 4 miles, falls into Connecticut river about half a mile south
of the northeast corner of Newbury.
This is generally a rapid
stream, furnishing many excellent
mill privileges.
W^ells, Vt.
Rutland
is
co.
level,
The
A part of this townand a part mountain-
soil is
generally
good,
and productive of grain, and of pasturage for sheep, of which between
three and four thousand are kept.
The principal stream in the town issues from W^ells or St. Augustine
lake or pond, a beautiful sheet of
water, partly in Poultney, 5 miles
in length, and covering 2,000 acres.
Boston and other places,
in considerable
At the outlet of this pond is a snug
Some village, with some water power
West In- machinery.
quantities.
trade
is carried on with the
and vessels of various size are
built from timber in the town.
In-
dies,
corporated, 1653. Population, 1837,
3,042. This town furnished a large
number of revolutionary officers.
Wells River, Vt.
This river has
its
sour"" i" Ket-
Wells was
first settled in 1768.
65 miles S. S. W. from Montpelier, and 13 S. W. from Rutland.
Population, 1830, 880.
It lies
W^endell,
Sullivan co.,
Springfield, E.
]V.
H.,
bounded N. by
by Sunapee lake.
is
�;
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
it
from New London
and Newbury, S. by Goshen, W.
by Newport and Croydon. It is 35
miles N. W. from Concord, and 7
E. from Newport. A conside^abie
part of lake Sunapee, a noble sheet
separating
The
of water, lies in this town.
surface of this lake is said to contain 4,095 acres, of which 2,720
Here is the
acres are in Wendell.
principal source of Sugar river,
which flows from the lake near its
centre from north to south ; passes
through the centre of the town into
Newport, from thence into Claremont, where it unites with the Connecticut.
There are three small
ponds, containing an area of about
This town was granted
300 acres.
by the name of Saville in 176S. It
was settled in 1772, and was incor-
when it received its
name from John Wendell, one of
porated in 1781,
the principal proprietors.
tion, 1830, 637.
Popula-
Wendell, Mass.
Franklin
Wendell
is
co.
The
surface
uneven, and
but the soil
in
of
some
is strong
;
Miller's river
productive.
passes through the north part of the
town, giving mill privileges, fertility and beauty in its course. There
is a curious kind of stone found
here, embedded with mica slate
and Chalk pond furnishes a substance from which chalk is made by
parts hilly
and
burning it.
The manufactures of this pleasant town consist of palm-leaf hats,
boots, shoes, leather, cabinet ware,
chairs. &c.
Wendell was incorporated in
17S1, and named in honor of Oliver
Wendell, Esq., a very worthy man,
for many years president of Union
Bank, in Boston, the second institution of the kind in Massachusetts.
Mr. Wendell was a great patron of
this town, and frequently visited it.
Wendell
is
bounded
north
by
Erving, east by Phillip'^ton, south
by Salem, and west by Montague.
The mill privileges on Millers
river in this town are very valuable ; many of which remain unimproved.
Wendell lies 80 miles W. by N.
from Boston, and 14 E. from Greenfield.
Population, 1S37, 347
'Wciiliaiu,
Mass
Essex CO. This town is 20 miles
N. by E. from Boston, 6 N. from
Salem, and 16
S.
from
Newbury-
IncorFirst settled, 1639.
Population, 1837,
porated, 1643.
698.
Wenhara or Enoii pond is a beautiful sheet of water, about a mile
port.
square, and affords an
of excellent iish.
It is
The
ted.
this place
first
abundance
much
visi-
sermon preached
was on the border of
in
this
Hugh PeSalem, about the
His text was, " At
year 163G.
Enon near Salem, because there
was much water there."
Mr. Peters went to England, as
agent for the colony, 1641 ; engaged in the civil wars on the side
of the parliament, and was executed after the restoration of Charles
pond, by the celebrated
ters, minister of
II.
The surface of the town is pleasant
the soil is generally of a good
quality, and well cultivated oy industrious and independent farmers."
:
John Duntan, an Englishman who
travelled in this country in 1686,
and on his return
to
England pub-
lished a journal of his travels, gives
the following account of Vv'enham,
and of its minister, Joseph Gerrish,
who was ordained Feb. 13, 1675,
and died Jan. 6, 1719.
" Wenham is a delicious para-
abounds with rural pleasI would choose it above
all other towns in America to dwell
in
the lofty trees on each side of
it are a sufficient shelter from the
winds, and the warm sun so kindly
ripens both the fruits and flowers,
as if the spiing, the summer, and
the autumn had agreed together *o
dise,
it
ures, and
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
thrust the winter out of doors.
It
were endless to enter on a detail of
each faculty of learning Mr. Gerrish is master of, and I therefore
take his character in short hand.
The philosopher is acute, ingenious
and subtle.
The divine, curious,
orthodox and profound.
The man
of a majestic air, without austerity
or sourness; his aspect is masterly
and great, yet not imperious or
haughty. Tlie christian is devout
without moroseness, or starts of holy frenzy, and enthusiasm.
The
preacher is primitive without the
occasional colors of whining, or
cant, and methodical, witliout intricacy or affectation
and which
crowns his character, he is a man
of public spirit, zealous for the
conversion of the Indians, and of
great hospitality to strangers.
He
gave us a noble dinner, and entertained us with such pleasant fruits,
;
as
I
must own, Old England
is
a
stranger to."
1Veiilocl£, Vt.
Essex
CO.
gives rise to
Nulhegan
water sufficient for several valuable
mill seats.
In the east part of the
town, lies part of Carr's mountain,
covered in its natural state with a
heavy growth of forest trees.
part of the elevation called Mount
Cuba lies in the W. part of Wentworth. This mountain contains inexhaustible quantities of the best
limestone, of which a constant supply of good lime is made, and sold
Iron ore is found
at a low price.
A
in A'^arious parts.
governor
The
The
lands liere
are loo elevated for cultivation.
Wenlock lies .53 miles N. E. from
Population, in 1S30,
Montpelier.
24.
Weiitwortli,
I^.
H.
Grafton co. This town is bounded N. by Warren, E. by Rumney,
S. by Dorchester, and W. by Orford.
It is 15 miles N. W. from
Plymouth, and 52 N. N. W. from
Concord. This town is watered by
Baker's river, on which is a fall of
13 or 20 feet, affording an excellent
privilege for all kinds of water machinery.
The South branch of
Baker's river passes through the
southerly part of this town and joins
the main branch near Rumney line.
There are but few ponds. Baker's,
situated on Orford line, is the most
considerable
the outlet of which
is called Pond brook, acd affords
;
soil
is
gen-
Benning
Wentworth.
settlement commenced a
few years before the revolutionary
war. Articles of subsistence, potatoes and seeds for the propagation
of vegetables,
were transported
thither from the lower part of the
state on pack horses, hand-sleighs
and in knapsacks. Population, in
1830, 624.
first
Wesley, Me.
This mountain town
a principal branch of
river.
The
erally good; the lands in the vicinity of the rivers are of the first
Wentworth was granted
quality.
in 1766.
It received its name from
Washington
co.
We
should like
know
the particular circumstances of Wesley, which doubtless
was named in honor of one of the
Johiv
best of men that ever lived
Wesley. It must be a thriving
town, for its population, for the
last 7 years, has increased from 80
But ver}'^ little information
to 232.
can be obtained respecting a town,
from merely its act of incorporation.
to
Westliorougli, Mass.
Worcester
co.
This town
lies
on
the route of the Boston and Worcester rail road, 32 miles W. from Boston, 10 E. from Worcester, and 3 1-2
N. W. from Hopkinton Springs.
It was taken from Marlborough in
Population, 1830, 1,438; in
1717.
1837, 1,612.
As several persons were engaged
in a field spreading flax, in 1704,
the Indians rushed upon them from
the woods. ^^'^ ^'^ized 4 boys, and
�NEV/ ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
one, named Nahor Rice,
about 5 years of age, who was the
first
white person buried in the
town. The men made their escape
to the house.
One of the boys was
redeemed, the others remained and
mixed their posterity with the
French and Indians. Timothy Rice,
the youngest, 7 years of age, when
killed
taken,
nawaga
became
a chief of the Cogvisited West-
He
Indians.
borough in 1740, and remembered
the house where he had lived, and
the field where he was captured,
and some aged people. He had
lost the English language, and was
accompanied by an interpreter. He
w^as sent for and visited Gov. Belcher, at Boston, but chose to return
to his Indian habits.
years.
He died, and was buried in
the city of
Haven.
The following is inscribed on his monu-
New
ment.
Eli
Whitney,
the inventor of the
Cotton Gin.
Of
useful Science
and Arts,
the efficient patron
and improver.
Born December
8th, 1765.
Jan. oth,1825.
In the social relations of
a model of excellence.
While private
Died
life,
weeps at his tomb, his
country honors his
affection
memory.
See A^ew Haven, Ct.
West Boylstou, Mass.
town consist of
Worcester co.
This territory
some of the sources of Concord and
Blackstone rivers, which furnish a was a part of Boylston until 1808,
good water power. There are sev- and was first settled about the
It is 42 miles W. from
eral handsome ponds in the town, year 1720.
The waters of
w^ell
this
stocked with
The
fish.
manufactures
consist
boots, shoes, leather, axes,
of
chairs,
cabinet and tin wares, ploughs,
straw bonnets, sleighs, and harnesses
total value, the year ending
April 1, 1837, .$169,476, of which
;
amount $148,774 was
for boots
and
shoes.
This is a very pleasant town
the surface is diversified by hills
and valleys the soil is good, and
appears to be cultivated by men
who understand their business.
brief statement of the products of
Mr. Samuel Chamberlain's farm of
about 100 acres, in 1833, is here
given.
Butter,
3,486, lbs.
$767.
Cheese, 3,836,
221.
Beef,
603.
.
Pork,
652.
Veal,
152.
,
:
:
A
Total,
This is the native
$2,395.
place of Eli
Whitney. Soon after he graduated at Yale College, he went to
Georgia, where he resided many
39
Boston, and S N. from Worcester.
Population, in 1830, 1,053; 1837,
The surface of the town is
1,330.
very pleasant; the soil good, and
well cultivated. The Quinepoxet
and Stillwater rivers meet the Nashua in this town. These streams fertilize a large portion of the town,
and afford a water power to propel
a number of mills.
There are in the town 7 cotton
mills, and manufactures of boots,
shoes, leather, palm-leaf hats, cotton machinery, baskets, boxes, straw
braid, hatchets and school apparatus
annual value about $200,000.
The venerable Robert B. Thomas,
author of the Farmer's Almanac, is
a resident of this town.
There are
some mineral treasures in West
Boylston, and a spring, the waters
of which are strongly impregnated
;
with iron.
West
Bridge-^vatei',
Mass.
Plymouth co. This is the second daughter of the venerable
Bridgewater, who found it difficult
to find names for her progeny. This
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
daughter was born in 1822, and although not so stout as her sisters, is
healthy, comely and industrious.
The manufactures of West Bridgewater consist of iron castings, shovels, forks, hoes, ploughs, boots and
shoes: annual value, about $100,-
West Bridgewater is supplied with mill privileges by a branch
of Taunton river; and is 25 miles
S. from Boston, 19 N. W. from
Plymouth and 9 N. N. E. from
Taunton. The number of her children in 1837, was 1,145; increase
000.
m 7 years,
103.
In 1820, ancient Bridgewater
contained 5,662 children the whole
family, in 1837, consisted of 7,865
:
members.
IVestbroolc, Me.
Cumberland co. Thi^ flourishing
t6wn was taken from Falmouth in
1814.
It is
52 miles S. S.
Vv'.
from
Population, 1830,
is very pleasant.
3,238; 1837,3,755
West Cambridge, Mass.
Middlesex co. This was a parof Cambridge, called " Menotomy," until its incorporation, in
1807.
A part of the lands are low
and swampy, but the general feaish
tures
of
the
town are
pleasant.
Spy, Little, and a part of Fresh
ponds lie in this town they abound
with fish, and add much to the
beauty of the place. These ponds
cover an area of about 200 acres,
and furnish large quantities of ice
In this town are
for transportation.
some very pleasant villages, numerous country seats, and well cul;
Large quantities of
tivated farms.
milk are daily taken to the Boston
market, and this place is a considable mart for cattle from the interior
country.
bounded E. by
The Presumpscot river
Portland.
passing through the town from west
Sucker brook, though a small
stream, furnishes a good water pow-
with rich intervales, and numerous valuable mill
The Cumberland and
privileges.
Oxford canal also passes through
the town. This town is noted for
so great,
Augusta, and
is
to east, furnishes
its
working
cattle
it
which
are said to
equal any in the country.
The
principal pl;ice of business
in Westbrook,is at the pleasant village of Saccarappa, vi^here are large
operations in the manufacture of
lumber, and where has recently
been erected, by citizens of Portland, a large brick cotton mill, containing 2,900 spindles, and 104
looms, and which is in successful
operation.
Stroudvvater, another village, has
some navigation employed in the
fishery and coasting trade, and has
been celebrated lor the line ships
In Westbrook are exbuilt there.
tensive manufactures of tin ware
and combs, which are sent to all
parts of the United States.
The scenery along the canal, and
about the
falls
on the Presumpscut,
The descent
of this stream is
that dams are erected in
the town for appropi-iating its waThe meter nine different times.
chanical operations of West Cambridge consist of dying and printing
er.
pulverizing drugs, medicines and dye-stuffs, a turning and
sawing mill, and the manufacture
of saws, cards, boots, shoes, cabinet ware and chairs; total value,
the year endirig April 1, 1837,
$312,V>00.
West Cambridge is 6
miles N. W. from Boston, and 12 E.
by S. from Concord. Population,
calico,
1830, 1,308.
^Vesterly, R.
I.
Westerly is
Washington
washed by the Atlantic ocean on
the south, and Pawcatuck river,
which separates this state fvom
This
Connecticut, on the west.
maritime town has its principal harbor at the mouth of the Pawcatuck,
in which vessels are built, and in
which some navigation is employed
in the fishery and domestic trade.
co.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
The Pawcatuck affords a great variety of scale and shell fish.
The surface of the town is generally uneven ; in some parts it
presents rugged features.
Its soil
varies from good to bad, but its average quality is well adapted to the
culture of all the varieties of grains,
grasses, fruits and vegetables common to the climate. The business
of the dairy is extensive and lucrative.
The village of Pawcatuck is very handsome it is finely located 6
miles from the sea, at the head of
navigation on the Pawca<^uck, and
at the falls on that stream.
This
village is the site of valuable manufactures, and of a large interior
trade.
It is crossed by the Providence and Stonington rail road, and
lies 40 miles S. S. W. from Providence, 5 N. N. E. from Stonington,
and 35 W. by S. from Newport.
There are a numl)er of pleasant ponds in the town, well stored
with fish.
Westei-ly was incorporated in 1669.
Population, 1830,
Its Indian name was Mis1,904.
;
quamicut.
West
1830, 353.
Westfield River, Mass.
This river, often called the Aga-
wam,
rises
Berkshire
north part of
It has many
exceedingly wild
in the
county.
tributaries, and is
and romantic in many places.
Its
main branch traverses the towns
of Plainfield, Cummington, Goshen,
Worthington, Chesterfield, Norwich, Montgomery, Russell, and
Westfield, and meets the Connecticut at West Springfield, 30 miles
N. from Hartford, Ct.
Westfield, Mass.
Hampden
of
co.
river.
It lies in a valley or basin
of about 4 miles in diameter, sur-
rounded by high hills, and is supto have been the bed of a
posed
lake
whose waters burst the Mount
Tom
range of mountains and discharged itself into Connecticut riv-
The Hampshire and Hampden
Orange co. This town is watered by Ompomponoosuc river, and
by a part of Fairlee pond.
The
surface is rough and mountainous,
but capable of sustaining a consid-
canal passes through this town, and
promises great advantages to its
trade and hydraulic power.
About a third part of the population of the village is engaged in
making whips. The annual amount
erable
in
connexion with Fairlee, in 1761;
dnd incorporated as a distinct town
in 1797.
It lies 28 miles S. E.
from Montpelier, and 12 E. by S.
from Chelsea.
Population, 1830,
841.
of that article manufactured here is
about $160,000.
There are also
three powder mills in the town, and
manufactures of tin ware, ploughs,
boots, shoes, leather, cigars, palmleaf hats, chairs, cabinet and wood-
en wares total annual value, about
$250,000.
The Westfield academy is in
hig;h standing
it has considerable
funds, and its annual number of
scholars is about 400.
Westfield was first settled in 1659.
It lies 99
Incorporated in 1669.
miles W. S. W. from Boston, 9 W.
by N. from Springfield, and 16 S.
:
Westfield, Vt.
A
Orleans co.
number of the
branches of Missisque river meet
in (his town, and afford a good water power.
part of the surface of Westfield is mountainous;
through which is the pass in the
Green mountains, called Hazen's
A
This is a place
on Westfield
singular beauty,
er.
Pairlee, Vt.
namber of cattle.
West Fairlee was chartered
Notch. Westfield was first settled
about the year 1800.
It lies 42
miles N. from Montpelier, and 44
N. E. from Burlington. Population,
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
by W. from Northampton.
Popu-
Hopkin's Hill,
valleys.
affords
an
tionary war, by Hezekiah Parmelee and others.
It lies 13 miles N.
N. E. from Burlington, and 32 N.
agreeable view of the surrounding
country.
The waters of the town
consist of the south branch of the
Pawtuxet, which rises here ; and of
the upper branches of Wood river,
which pass through it. There are
some manufactures in the town,
but the people are generally en-
W.
gaged in agricultural pursuits.
lation, 1837,3,039.
Westford, Vt.
Chittenden
was
co.
This township
settled soon after the revolu-
from Montpelier.
Westford is well watered by
Brown's river, a branch of the Lamoille.
The surface is rough, and
the soil good for grazing. Between
3,500 and 4,000 sheep are kept.
Population, 1830, 1,290.
Westford, Mass.
Middlesex co. This is a good
farming town, on elevated ground,
26 miles N. W. from Boston, and 10
N.W. from Concord. Incorporated,
1729. Population, 1837, 1,451. The
surface and soil of the town are
well adapted to the growth of grain,
grass and fruit, and large quantities of hay and vegetables are annuall}'^ sent to Boston and Lowell.
Quantities of fine granite, commonly called " Chelmsford granite," are
found here, quarried and transported.
Westford is watered by several beautiful ponds, and by Stoney
brook which rises in the town and
gives it mill privileges.
The manufactures of Westford,
consist of bar iron, shoes and leathannual value, about ^25,000.
er
The village is handsomely situated on a swell of fine land, commanding a beautiful prospect, of
great extent, and contains an Academy of ancient date and respectable standing.
:
West Greenwicli, R. I.
Kent
CO.
This town was taken
from East Greenwich in 1741, by
which it is bounded on the east. It
lies 18 miles S. W. from Providence.
Population, 1830, 1,818.
This town possesses a primitive geological character, and its surface
presents a diversity of hills and
'^Vestliampton, Mass.
Hampshire
co.
This township
is
generally good,
particularly for grazing.
There
is a valuable lead mine in the town ;
about 1,000 merino sheep are kept,
and some hats and leather are manufactured. It lies 8 miles W. by S.
from Northampton. Incorporated,
1772.
Population, 1837, 818.
rough, but the
soil is
West Haven,
Vt.
Rutland co.
This town was set
from Fair Haven in 1792.
It
lies 19 miles W. from Rutland, and
is bounded W. by lake Champlain,
and S. by Whitehall, N. Y.
This town is well watered by
Hubbardston and Poultney rivers,
and Cogman's creek on the foroff
;
mer
of which are handsome falls
and mill sites. The soil is productive of grain and grass
there is
much limestone and clay in the
town, and a large number of sheep
are annually sheared.
The site of the village is pleasant; it is a place of some trade,
navigation and manufactures. Population, 1837, 724.
:
Westminster, Vt.
Windham
This town is
co.
bounded N. by Rockingham, E. by
Connecticut river, and S. by Putney. It lies 82 miles S. from Montand 13 N. E. from NewPopulation, 18.30, 1,737.
This town was one of the first
settled townships in the state, and
being situated near a fort for the
protection of the country, it prospered rapidly. For some years the
pelier,
fane.
�;
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
courts of law were held here
here
the legislature of the state held
several sessions, and here the massacre of the 13th of March, 1775,
was perpetrated.
The surface and soil of this town
are favorable for agriculture
and
various articles of produce are annually sent to market.
In 1837,
13,766 sheep were sheared in Westminster
;
;
The
principal and oldest village
delightfully situated in the east
parish, on the bank of Connecticut
is
river.
The main
street,
which
water power, which have so much
contributed to the rapid growth of
some of the neighboring villages.
IVestmiiister, Mass.
co.
This town
lies
on
the range of high lands which
separate the waters of the Connecticut and Merrimack.
From the
village a prospect is presented of
lake and mountain v/ith all the varied scenery which renders a New
England town peculiarly delightful.
Several streams, rising from large
ponds in this town and its neighborhood, produce a considerable
water power, which is improved
for manufactures of various kinds.
These waters are so elevated and
constant that, with a small expense,
they might be rendered exceedingly valuable.
They deserve particular attention of those in search
39*
mill
sites
in
part
this
of the
state.
This town lies 50 miles W. N.
from Boston, 20 N. by W. from
Worcester, and 7 S. W. from Fitchburgh. Incorporated, 1759. Pop-
W.
ulation, 1830, 1,640.
The manufactures
of Westminconsist of chairs, cabinet and
wooden wares, hats, boots, shoes,
straw bonnets, palm-leaf hats, card
ster
boards, saddlery, and leather
nual value, about $60,000.
:
an-
Westiuore, Vt.
is
perfectly level, crosses a table of
land about one mile in diameter,
considerably elevated above the
river, and also above the large and
fertile meadows by which it is approached on the north and south
and the whole is enclosed by a semicircle of hills which touch the
river about two miles above and below the town.
It is this barrier
which, while it contributes to the
natural beauty of the place, has,
by turning the water coui-se in another direction, deprived it of all
those facilities of access, and of
Worcester
of
Orleans co.
Willoughby's
This town contains
lake,
a
handsome
surrounded by
mounts Hor, Pico, and other elevations.
This lake is about 6 miles in
length, and one and an half in
Branches of Barton, Clyde
width.
and Passumpsic rivers rise in this
and other ponds in the town.
Westmore appears to be too high
sheet
of
for the
water,
habitation of
many
people
in 1830, it contained 32
or sheep
inhabitants, and in 1837, 10 sheep.
:
^Vestnioreland, ]V. H.
Cheshire co.
Westmoreland is
bounded N. by Walpole, E. by Surry and Keene, S. by Chesterfield,
and W. by Dummerston and Putney, Vt.
Its distance from Concord is 65 miles S.
1830, 1,647.
W.
Population,
This town is watered by several
small streams which empty into
the Connecticut.
The one issuing
from Spafford's lake in Chesterfield
is the largest, and affords some of
the best water privileges in town.
The present charter of the town
was granted by New Hampshire,
The first settlement was
in 1752.
made in 1741. The early settlers
were several times attacked by the
In one of their excurIndians.
sions, they killed William Phips,
the first husband of Jemima How ;
and in another, carried Nehemiah
How, the father of her second husband, a captive to Canada, where
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
he
died.
land
is
The
Westmoreby mountains,
vales, rivers and
ponds, than the
neighboring towns.
:
Weston, Me.
is
the half
Hampden
academy. It lies a few miles west
from Grand Lake it is watered by
Baskahegan river, and is about 90
Popumiles N. E. from Bangor.
:
1837,
213.
Wheat
crop,
same year, 4,706 bushels.
Weston, Vt.
Windsor
through
West
co.
Weston,
Fairfield co.
river passes
town, and on its banks
are some good land, son)e manufactures and two pleasant villages. It
was set off from Andover in 1790,
and organized as a town in 1800.
Weston lies QQ miles S. by W.
from Montpelier, and 22 S. W. from
Windsor. Population, 1830, 972.
this
Weston, Mass.
tled in 1738.
Weston was taken
It was setThe town is watered
by Saugatuck and Mill rivers, and
which furnish a
good water power. There are some
a pleasant brook,
valuable mills for manafactures in
the town, but the chief business
of the inhabitants is agricultural.
The soil is a gravelly loam, with an
uneven surface.
Weston is 60 miles S. W. from
Hartford, and is bounded N. W. by
Fairfield.
Population, 1830, 2,997.
" On Monday, the 14th of December, 1807, at about the break of
day, or a little after, the weather
being moderate, calm, and the at-
somewhat cloudy
and
foggy, a meteor' or Jire ball, passing
from a northern point, disploded
over the western part of this state,
with a tremendous report. At the
same time several pieces of stony
substance fell on the earth in Fairfield county.
One mass was driven
against a rock and dashed in small
pieces, a peck of which remained
on the spot.
About three miles
distant, in the town of Weston, another large piece fell upon the
earth, of which a mass of about
thirty pounds weight remains entire, and was exhibited the same
day at town meeting.
small
mass has been sent to Yale College,
and examined by a number of gentlemen.
It was immediately perceived by Professor Silliman to
contain a metal, and on presenting
A
it
Middlesex
Ct.
from Fairfield in 1787.
mosphere
This town was
incorporated in 1835.
It
township granted to
lation,
town
:
Essex CO. This is a part of the
ancient town of Newbury, and was
taken from it in 1819.
This pleasant town lies on the S.
side of Merrimack river; 33 miles
N. from Boston, 20 E. from Lowell,
and 4 W. from Newbury port. Population, 1S37, 1,448.
This is a fine township of land,
and many excellent farms and country seats are found within its limits.
Asbestos and marble are found
here.
Although most of the inhabitants
of the town are professional farmers, still there are manufactures of
bar iron, combs, chaises, leather,
and shoes
annual value, about
$75,000.
co.
of the
consist of boots, shoes, leather, machinery, ploughs, chairs, harnesses,
annual value,
pottery ware, &c.
about $60,000. Incorporated, 1712
"West Newbury, Mass.
Washington
The manufactures
surface of
less varied
to a
magnet
a powerful attraction
This is, we
be iron.
This is a township of good land with a neat and
proved
flourishing village. It lies 14 miles
W. from Boston, 9 S. by E. from
United States, in which the substance of this species of meteor
has been found on the earth, though
it has often been found in Europe.'*
Concord, and
brook.
co.
is
watered by Stony
Population, 1837, 1,105.
it
to
believe, the
first
instance in the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Wcstport, Me.
Lincoln co. This town is surrounded by the waters of Sheepscot
river and bay, and is bounded N.
by Wiscasset, E. by Edgecoinb and
Boothbay, and S. and W. by Sheepscot's bay and Georgetown. It is 29
miles S. by E. from Augusta. Population, 1837, 580.
Incorporated
in 1828.
Westport, Mass.
CO.
This town is pleassituated on Acoakset river,
near the mouth of Buzzard's bay,
on the line of Rhode Island ; 18
Bristol
antly
miles N. N. E. from Newport, 25
from Taunton, 10 S. by E.
S.
from Fall River, 10 S. W. from
New Bedford, and 60 S. from Eoston.
Five vessels belong- to this
place, engaged in the whaling business, and a number of small vessels are employed in coasting and
fishing.
The value
whale
imported
into Westport, the year ending
April 1, 1337, was $53,670.
The
value of the manufactures of this
town, the same year, was $69,375;
they consisted of cotton yarn, salt
and hoes. The number of sheep
sheared that year, was 2,392 ; value of the wool, ^2,551. This town
was incorporated in 1787. Population, in 1837,2,618.
of
Westport,
oil
Ct.
This pleasant town
Fairfield co.
was called Saugatuck, the name of
a river that passes through it, until 1835. It was taken from the towns
of Fairfield, Norwalk and Weston.
It is about 5 miles in length from
north to soiith, and
is
bounded E. by
by Long Island Sound,
Population,
and W. by Norwalk.
quite a business
and com-
place,
mands considerable
The Saugatuck
is
trade.
navigable
for
vessels of 7 feet draught of water
to the village, which is 6 1-2 miles
W. from Fairfield, 3 1-2 N. E. from
Norwalk, and 27
Haven.
S.
W.
from
New
About 2 1-2 miles south of the
village of Westport, is a smooth and
beautiful elevation, called CoTiipo.
It was at this place that the British
troops landed in April, 1777, when
on their expedition to Danburj,
They also returned to this place
when they embarked on board ot
their shipping.
men were
Seven
killed in
or eight
the vicinity of
the Congregational church in Westport.
Ball Mountain, a conical
eminence, covered with large trees
from its base to its summit, is situated a little south of the village, and
is a striking feature in the landscape.
West Q,uocldy Head, Me.
See Quoddy Head.
"West River, Vt.
This river rises in Weston, in the
county of Windsor, and passing S.
through the towns of Londonderry, Jamaica, Wardsborough, and
Nevvfane, in the county of Windham, it falls into the Connecticut at
the north part of Brattleborough.
This river receives many branches
in its course, which are good mill
streams
the main river is rather
sluggish, and fertilizes large tiacts
West river traverses
of meadow.
a distance of about 50 miles, and
waters a basin of 440 square miles.
:
West River Mountain,
N. H.
See Chesterfield and Hinsdale.
Fairfield, S.
1835, 1,800.
There are in the town, 2 or 3 cotton mills, 2 carriage factories, and
manufactures of shoes, hats and various other articles.
The village is
IVest Springfield, Mass.
Hampden
tifully
co.
situated
This town is beauon both sides of
its
confluence
with the Connecticut,
opposite to
Westfield river,
at
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Springfield, to which it is connected by a beautiful bridge. Some
parts of the town are rough and uneven, and in some parts are stonyplains ; but the general character
of the town in regard to soil is alluvial meadow of an excellent quali-
On the summits of the hills
and along the rivers, a great variety
of wild and delightful scenery is
ty.
exhibited.
There are 1 cotton and 2 woolen
mills in the town, and manufactures
of leather, boots and shoes; annual
value, about $100,000.
In 1837,
there were 3,374 tleeces of wool
sheared in the town, which weighed 8,512 lbs., and sold for $5,107.
Good iron ore is found in West
Springfield, and a species of limestone, used for making water proof
cement. Incorporated, 1774. Population, 1837, 3,227.
West
Stocls.'bi'iclge,
Berkshire
which
Mass.
"Williams
co.
riv-
m
Richmond, runs
through the whole length of this
er
rises
town, and gives it a great hydraulic
power.
This town is bounded W. by the
state of New York, and lies on the
route of the great western rail road
from Boston to Albany.
part of
the town is hilly
but the soil is
generally good. Along the river
A
;
a valley of tine land which gives
to the village, and value to
the town.
Mines of iron ore are
found in this town, and an inex-
is
beauty
haustible quantity of
variegated marble.
The manufactures
beautifully
of the
town
bar iron, axes, brads,
machinery, marble, leather, wooden ware, &c annual value, about
$50,000.
West Stockbrida^e lies 135 miles
W. from Boston, 9 S. S. W. from
Lenpx, 26 E. by N. from Hudson,
N. Y., and 37 1-2 S. E. by S. from
Albany, by the proposed rail road.
Incorporated, 1774.
Population, in
consist
of
;
1837, 1,244.
Wetliersiield, Ct.
Hartford co.
dian Pyquag,
This town, the In-
was one
of the
first
towns in the state. It is
supposed that most of the Wethersfield settlers came round from
Boston by water, and arrived in July, before the Windsor and Hartford
settlers, who
came through the
wilderness, and did not reach the
Connecticut until about the 9th of
settled
November.
Wethersfield is bounded N. by
Hartford, E. by Connecticut river,
S.by Middletown, and W.by Berlin.
lies 4 miles S. from Hartford.
It
Population, in 1820, 3,825
;
in 1830,
3,853.
Piper's
river and other small
streams water the town, but afford
no important mill sites.
The area of the town is about 6
miles square, containing 23,000
acres.
This is an excellent township of land, having an undulating
surface, and exhibiting a beautiful
diversity of
hill
and dale.
The
generally a rich gravelly and
sandy loam, but in the western part
of the town, argillaceous loam prevails ; and some small sections in
the centre, may be considered as a
garden mould. It is well adapted
to grass and grain, and particularly
to esculent roots. The tract of alluvial upon Connecticut river is exsoil is
tensive and beautiful, and very
productive.
Among other agricultural interests in this town, the cultivation of
onions has long held a conspicuous
rank.
This is an important agricultural pursuit, although it occupies but a small portion of land,
and the service is principally performed by females. Wethersfield
onions have long been justly celebrated, and large quantities are
exported to the southern states and
the West Indies for a market.
The changing of the bed of the
river in this town has been the occasion of much litigation respecting
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the
title
Mr. Butler,
upon which the
to the soil.
who owned
a tract
was encroaching, found after a
while, some of his land appearing
river
on the opposite side of the river,
and accordingly laid claim to it.
His claim was disputed, as he never owned land on that side of the
was a long time before
was decided. There appeared some difficulty in making
river.
It
this case
the jury who sat on the case, to understand the merits of the question.
Mr. Ingersoll, a relative of the IngersoU family in New Haven, was
the counsel employed by Mr. ButHe illustrated the case by
ler.
supposing that Mr. B. had built a
castle on the land in question. Although the ground on which it stood
might be overflowed, yet still it was
his castle, and also the ground on
which
it
stood,
and he had a right
property wherever he could
find it.
The case was finally decided in accordance with these views.
The State Prison of Connecticut
was erected in this town in 1826,
and the prisoners from Newgate
to his
prison, in Granby, were removed
here the next year. This building
is situated on the south margin of
cove, which sets back from
Connecticut river, at the north end
of Wethersfield village. The buildings of the prison form very nearly a quadrangle, on the south side
of which, stands the building which
The
is more properly the Prison.
apartments of the warden are situated in the east end of this buildsurrounds the
ing
the centre
block of cells 4 stories high, in
which the male prisoners are locked up. This hall or centre is 154
feet long, 43 feet wide, and 30 feet
high the number of cells or night
rooms is 200. The west end, is
used as the female department,
containing cells, rooms for labor,
kitchen, and apartments for the
matron. The east, north, and west
sides of this quadrangle, are formed by a wall 20 feet high. With-
the
;
;
yard are situated two ranges of shops one on the east side,
and one upon the west, in which
the convicts perform their daily labor.
The passage into the prison,
is through the warden's apartment,
into the guard room, thence into
the hall surrounding the cells,
thence into the yard. This is the
only passage, except through a
large gate on the north side of the
in this
;
yard.
Rocky
Hill, the south parish of
lies on a collection
of hills which are a continuation of
one of
the Middletown range
Wethersfield,
:
these
eminences, Rocky
given name
hill,
has
It has a
the parish.
pleasant little village on an elevated situation, 7 miles from Hartford,
with a landing at some distance,
where considerable commerce and
ship building were formerly carto
ried on.
JVewingtnn, the 2d society in
Wethersfield, was formerly called
Cow plain. The village is pleasantly situated in a fertile valley,
west of Cedar mountain the central part is 6 miles from Hartford,
and 4 from Wethersfield village.
The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in agriculture, and are distinguished for their general intelligence, and attachment to the institutions of morality and religion.
Many years since, a gentleman
of Newington, who was a very religious and conscientious man, married for a wife, one of the most ill
natured and troublesome women
which could be found in the viciniThis occasioned universal surty.
:
prise wherever he was known, and
one of his neighbors ventured to
ask him the reasons which governed his choice. The gentleman replied, that having had but little or
no trouble in the world, he was
fearful
of
becoming
too
much
at-
tached to things of time and sense.
And he thought by experiencing
some afflictions, he should become
more weaned from the world, and
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
that he married such a woman as
he thought would accomplish the
The best part of the story
that the wife hearing of the reasons why he married her, was
object.
is,
much
offended, and out of revenge,
of the most pleasant
and dutiful wives in the town, declaring that she was not a going to
be made a pack horse, to carry her
became one
husband
heaven.
Wetherstield was the scene of
one of the most horrible butcheries
ever committed ; that of the Beadle family, in 1782.
Beadle was an Englishman, and
came to this country in 1762. He
settled in Fairfield, where he married, and remained until about 10
years before this tragedy.
The
following are extracts from an account of this event, written by a
neighbor, and attached to the funeral sermon of Mrs. Beadle and her
to
children.
" When the war commenced, he
had on hand a very handsome assortment of goods for a country
store, which he sold for the currency of the country, without any advance in the price the money he
laid by, waiting and expecting the
;
the time would soon
he might
arrive
when
therewith replace his
goods, resolving not to part with it
until it should be in as good demand as when received by him.
His expectations from this quarter
daily lessening, finally lost all hope,
On
he expresses himfollowing extraordinary
manner ' If a man, who has once
lived well, meant well, and done
well, falls by unavoidable accident
into poverty, and -then submits to
be laughed at, despised and trampled
this subject
self in the
:
mean wretches as
below him as the moon is below the sun I say if such a man
submits, he must become meaner
than meanness itself, and I sincerely wish he might have 10 years added to his natural life to punish him
on, by a set of
far
;
for his folly.'
" He fixed upon the night succeeding the ISth of November for
the execution of his nefarious purpose, and procured a supper of oj'^sters, of which the family eat very
plentifully
that evening he writes
' I have prepared a noble
as follows
supper of oysters, that my flock
and I may eat and drink together,
:
:
thank God and die.' After supper
he sent the maid with a studied errand to a friend's house at some distance, directing her to stay until
she obtained an answer to an insignificant letter he wrote his friend,
intending she should not return
that evening
she
did however
return
perhaps her return disconcerted him and prevented him
for that time.
The next day he
—
;
carried his pistols to a smith for repair
it may be, the ill condition of
his pistols might be an additional
:
reason of the delay.
" On the evening of the 10th of
and was thrown into a state little
better than despair, as appears from December sojne persons were with
his writing
he adopted a plan of him at his house to whom he apthe most rigid family economy, but peared as cheerful and serene as
still kept up the outward appearusual he attended to the little afance of his former affluence, and fairs of his family as if nothing
ever to the last entertained his uncommon was in contemplation.
friends with his usual decent hospi- The company left him about nine
tality, although nothing appeared
o'clock in the evening, when he
in his outward deportment, which was urgent as usual for their stay
evinced the uncommon pride of his whether he slept that night is unheart.
His writings show clearly certain, but it is believed he went
that he was determined not to bear to bed.
The children and maid
the mortification of being thought slept in one chamber in the grey
by his friends poor and dependent. of the morning of the Ilth of De:
;
:
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
cember he went to their bed chamawaked the maid and ordered
ears,
and
fired
them at the same inwent through the
ber,
stant: the
her to rise gently, without disturbing the children, when she caine
down stairs he gave her a line to
the family physician, who lived at
the distance of a quarter of a mile
ordered her to carry it immediately,
at the same time declaring that Mrs.
Beadle had been ill all night, and
directing her to stay until the physician should come with her
this
he repeated sundry times with a
degree of ardor. There is much
reason to believe he had murdered
Mrs. Beadle before he awaked the
maid.
Upon the maid's leaving the
house he immediately proceeded to
execute his purpose on the children
and himself. It appears he had for
some time before, carried to his
bedside every night an axe and a
carving knife ; he smote his wife
and each of the children with the
axe on the side of the head as they
lay sleeping in their beds
the woman had two wounds in the head,
the skull of each of tliem was fractured
he then with the carving
knife cut their throats from ear to
ear; the woman and little boy were
drawn partly over the side of their
beds, as if to prevent the bedding
from being besmeared with blood
the three daughters were taken
from the bed and laid upon the floor
side by side, like three Iambs, before their throats were cut
they
were covered with a blanket, and
the woman's face with a handkerchief.
He then proceeded to the
lower floor of the house, leaving
marks of his footsteps in blood on
the stairs, carrying with him the
axe and knife, the latter he laid on
the table in the room where he was
found, reeking with the blood of his
family.
Perhaps he had thoughts
he might use it against himself if
his pistols should fail. It appears he
then seated himself in a Windsor
chair, with his arms supported by
the arms of the chair he lixed the
head in transverse directions. Although the neighbors were very
near and some of them awake,
none heard the report of the pis-
;
;
:
;
;
:
;
;
muzzles of the
pistols
into his
two
balls
tols.
" The line to the physician obscurely announced the intentions
of the man
the house was soon
opened, but alas, too late
The'
bodies were pale and motionless,
;
!
swimming
in their blood, their faces
mountain snow, yet life
seemed to tremble on their lips
description can do no more than
faintly ape and trifle with the real
white
as
:
figure.
" Such a tragical scene filled every mind with the deepest distress:
nature recoiled, and was on the
rack with distorting passions the
most poignant sorrow and tender
pity for the lady and her innocent
:
babes, who were the hapless victims of the brutal, studied cruelty
of an husband and father, in whose
embraces they expected to find security, melted every heart. Shocking effects of pride and false notions
about religion
" To paint the first transports
this affecting scene produced, when
the house was opened, is beyond
my reach. Multitudes of all ages
and sexes were drawn together by
the sad tale.
The very inmost
souls of the beholders were wounded at the sight, and torn by contending passions.
Silent
grief,
wuth marks of astonishment, were
!
succeeded by furious indignation
against the author of the affecting
spectacle, which vented itself in
incoherent exclamations.
Nature
itself seemed rufhed, and refused
the kindly aid of balmy sleep for a
time.
" Near the close of the day on
the r2th of December, the bodies
being still unburied, the people
who had collected in great numbers,
rage,
grew almost frantic with
and in a manner demanded
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the body of the murderer: the law
being silent on the subject, it was
difficult to determine where decency required the body should be
placed many proposed it should
be in an ignominious manner where
four roads met, v.'ithout any coffin
or insignia of respect, and perfora:
ted
by a
stake.
Upon which
a
question arose, where that place
could be found which might be
unexceptionable to the neighborhood, but no one would consent it
should be near his house or land.
After some consultation it was
thought best to place it on the bank
of the river between high and low
water mark the body was handed
out of the window and bound with
cords on a sled, with the clothes on
as it was found, and the bloody
knife tied on his breast, without
coffin or box, and the horse he usually rode was made fast to the sled
the horse, unaccustomed to the
draught, proceeded with great un:
:
steadiness, sometimes running full
speed, then stopping, followed by a
multitude, until arriving at the wa-
edge, the body was tumbled
into a hole dug for the purpose, like
the carcase of a beast.
"On the 13th of December, the
bodies of the murdered were interred in a manner much unlike
that of the unnatural murderer.
The remains of the children were
borne by a suitable number of
equal age, attended by a sad procession of youths of the town, all
bathed in tears ; side by side the
hapless woman's corpse was carter's
ried in solemn procession to the
parish church yard, followed by a
great concourse, who with affectionate concern and every token
of respect were anxious to express
their heartfelt sorrow in performing the last mournful duties.
" The person of Mr. Beadle was
small, his features striking and full
of expression, with the aspect of
fierceness and determination ; his
mind
was contemplative
;
when
once he had formed an opinion, he
was remarkably tenacious
as a
merchant or trader, he was esteemed a man of strict honor and integrity, and would not descend to any
low or mean artifice to advance his
fortune.
He was turned of 52
years of age when he died.
" Mrs. Beadle was born at Plymouth in Massachusetts, of reputa:
ble
parents, a
comely person, of
good address, well bred, and unusually serene, sincere, unaffected
and sensible. She died in the middle of life, aged 32 years.
" The children, (the eldest of
which was
a son, aged 12 years,
three, daughters, the
youngest aged 6 years) were such
as cheered the hearts of their parents, who were uncommonly fond
of displaying their little virtues and
excellencies, and seemed to anticipate a continuance of growing parental satisfaction
alas, like earl}',
the
other
:
tender buds nipped by untimely
frosts, they did but begin to live
" It is more than probable, that
!
this man had for months past desired that some or all of his children
might be taken out of the world by
accident he removed all means of
security from a well near his house,
which he was careful heretofore to
keep covered.
His little boy he
often sent to swim in the river, and
has been heard to chide the child
for not venturing further into deep
water than his fears would suffer
him. He has at times declared it
would give him no pain or uneasiness to follow his children to the
grave
his
acquaintance knew
these expressions could not arise
from want of affection or tenderness for his c^iildren, but rather
imagined him speaking rashly in
jest.
He ever spoke lightly of
death as a bugbear the world causelessly feared.
It appears from his
writings, he at first had doubts
whether it was just and reasonable
for him to deprive his wife of life,
and offers against it only this reason.
:
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
he had no hand in bringing
her into existence, and consequently had no power over her life.
She set out on the 7th of November on a journey to Fairfield, which
he thought was by direction of
Heaven to clear him of his doubts
and remove her out of the way, at
the time the business was to be
done and his intention was to have
executed his design on himself and
children in her absence.
She proceeded no further than New Haven, and by reason of some disappointment, returned ten days earlier
than expected he appeared chagrined at her early return, and soon
began to invent some justifying
reasons for depriving her of life
also.
He finally concludes it would
he unmerciful to leave her behind
to languish out a life of misery and
wretchedness, which must be the
consequence of the surprising death
of the rest of the family, and that
since they had shared the frowns
and smiles of fortune together, it
would be cruelty to her, to be divided from them in death."
that
;
:
Addison co.
Weybridge is waby Otter Creek, which afLemonfair
fords it good mill sites.
tered
waters
Some parts of the town
the town.
are mountainous, but the soil is generally good
the basis being limestone, it yields good crops, and pastures about 6,000 sheep.
It lies 30
miles S. by E. from Burlington, and
is bounded on the S. E. by Middlebury. Population, 1830, 850.
:
Weymoutli, Mass*
Norfolk CO.
This was the second settlement made by white
men in New England. Mr. Thomas Weston, a respectable merchant
of London, who had been active
in promoting the interests of the
Plymouth
colonists, sent
and 50 or 60
men
40
two ships
colony
year 1622. The
to plant a
at this place, in the
Weymouth from a town in England,
was however permanently settled
by the Rev. William Morrill, Capt.
Robert Georges and others, in the
year 1624.
The surface of the town is pleasantly diversified by hills and valSome of the elevations are
leys.
commanding, and present delightful views of Boston harbor, Massachusetts bay and the adjacent
country. The soil is a strong gravelly loam, with a granitic super
structure.
This town was
formerl)'^
noted
particularly for its cheese of a superior richness and flavor; but little of which
now made in consequence of
is
the increased value of the lands.
Weymouth is finely watered by
large and beautiful ponds, and by
two important arms of Boston harbor, called Fore and Back rivers.
These rivers are navigable for large
vessels, and at their head are valuable mill privileges. Between these
excellent
for its
Wcybridge, Vt.
river, a sluggish stream, also
fate of the colony was as unfortunate as the designs of Mr. Weston
were philanthropic. By the unjust
and wanton conduct of his agents
towards the natives, the colony
would have been totally destroyed,
were it not for the timely assistance
afforded it by a band of men from
the Plymouth Colon}'-, commanded
The colby the gallant Standish.
ony was broken up, and Mr. Weston lost his life on the coast in atThis place,
tempting to reach it.
the Indian Wessagxisset, named
rivers,
daiine.«,
and between the towns of
and Hingham is a large
Braintree
tract
swelling land of
extending to Quincy,
of gently
good
and
soil,
is united to "Quincy Point"
by a bridge across Fore river.
Over this ground the turnpike road
between Quincy and Hingham
passes.
There are several pleasant villages in Weymouth, but the principal place of business in the town
Landing," so
is at " Weymouth
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
called,
or
Washin2;ton
Square,
at
the head of Fore riv^er, on the line
This place, being
of Braintree.
at the head of navigation for a large
and flourishing section of counti-y,
has long enjoyed, and must ever possess superior privileges as a place
of trade. About 1,000 tons of shipping is owned here, employed in
the fishery and domestic trade.
At this place are a number of
wharves, ware houses, a steam saw
mill, and manufactures of various
kinds.
Ship building is carried on
to some extent, and large quantities of lumber, flour, grain, lime,
coal, wood, &c., are annually sold.
Tliis village lies on the Ply-
mouth and New Bedford roads, 11
miles S. by E. from Boston, 24 N.
N. W. from Plymouth, 14 S. E.
from Dedham,5 W. from Hingham,
W. from
Boston Light.
south pai-t of
the town is pleasantly situated on
elevated ground, about 3 miles S.
The
from Washington Square.
people here are extensively engaged in the manufacture of boots and
and 9
S. S.
The
village
at the
shoes.
Stages pass between these villages and Boston, daily
and packets, for the transportation of merchandize, navigate the rivers about
nine months in the year.
The roads in this section of the
;
country are remarkably fine, and
many citizens of Boston make Wey-
mo ith
The
summer
residence.
manufactures of the town
are various, but those of leather,
boots and shoes, are the most conThe annual amount of
siderable.
these manufactures varies from
$.500,000 to $800,000.
Weymouth was incorporated in
IfiSo.
Population, 1820, 2,404;
1830, 2,839 ; 1837, 3,3S7.
This ancient town has been the
birth place and residence of many
men of great usefulness in society.
Among the number, the name of
CoTTOiv Tufts, M. D., M. M.
S. S.
their
A. A.
S.,
will long be
re-
membered
as a revolutionary patriarch and skillful physician.
"IVliately,
Mass.
Franklin co.
This town lies on
the west side of Connecticut river,
9 miles N. from Northampton, 11
S. from Greenfield, and 92 W. by
N. from Boston. Incorporated in
Population, in 1837, 1,140.
1771.
There are some pine plains, and a
part of Sugar Loaf mountain extends into the town from Deerfield
still there are some tracts of good
intervale land on the Connecticut,
and smaller streams, by which it is
watered.
The number of sheep in Whately,
in 1837, was 1,6.50 ; weight of wool,
value, $2,862.
There
4,9.53 lbs.
are 3 woollen mills in the town, 3
tanneries, 3 distilleries, and manufactures of gimblets, augers, hammers, brooms, brushes, palm-leaf
hats, boots, shoes, pocket-books, &c.
Annual value, about $90,000.
;
:
Wlieelock, Vt.
There is some
Caledonia co.
good land in this town, but a great
it is mountainous or hilly,
and fit only for the pasturage of
sheep, of which about 3,000 are
kept. The streams flow N. W. into
and S. E. into the
the Lamoille
Passumpsic.
This town was granted in 1785,
part of
;
to the charity
College,
school at
and named
Dartmouth
in
honor of
John Wheelock, who was,
at that
of that institution.
Wheelock lies 30 miles N. N. E.
from Montpelier, and 9 N. from
Population, 1830, 834.
Danville.
time, president
Wlieel^vriglit's
Pond, N. H.
See Lee.
^yiiite River, Vt.
This is the largest stream in the
on the east side of the Green
Mountains. It waters a basin of
about 700 square miles, and traverses in its course from Kingston, ia
state
�;
NEW ENGLAND
GAZETTEER.
Addison county, about 60 miles. It others, and soon after settled by
Populapasses through Hancock, Rochester, \Taj. Burns and others.
and Pittstield, in Rutland county, tion, 1830, 685.
and Stockbridge, Bethel, Royalton,
AVliitcliead, 3Ie.
and Sharon, in Windsor county, to
Lincoln co. An Island off the
its fall into the Connecticut at Hartford, about 5 miles above the mouth town of St. George, with a liaht
White river and tower 30 feet in height. The
of Queechy river.
receives many large tributaries
light bears about S. W. by S. 9 miles
the most considerable of which are from Owl's Head.
the three branches, so called, from
the north ; and Broad brook and
Locust creek from the south. This
\Vliite
Mountains, X.
II.
These mountains are
situated in
of Coos, in the north
stream and its branches, afford a
great hydraulic power; and large
tracts of country are fertilized by
It passes through a
»ts waters.
country of lofty mountains, deep
ravines and fertile valleys ; the
scenery of which is much enhanced by the devious course of this
the county
They extend
part of the state.
about 20 miles from S. "W. to N.
E., and are the more elevated parts
beautiful river.
20'
WTiite Cap Mountain, Me.
See Andover.
IVIiitefteld,
Me.
Lincoln co. Sheepscot river passes through this town, giving it fertility, beauty, and a good water
power. It lies 16 miles S. E. from
Augusta, and 14 N. from WlscasPopulaIncorporated, 1809.
set.
tion,
in 1837, 2,136.
Wheat
crop,
same year, 3,637 bushels.
Wliitefield, N. H.
This is an irregular
Coos CO.
township, lying S. from Lancaster,
W. from Jefferson, N. from Carroll
and Bethlehem, and E. from Dalton.
It is 120 miles N. from Concord.
Its soil is generally thin and light,
of easy cultivation and tolerably
though in the N. part low
good
spruce swamps abound. In this
town lie part of Blake's, Long,
Round and Little river ponds, be;
two other small ponds. The
second of these is a beautiful pond
of considerable size, abounding with
John's river passes through
fish.
Whitefield was granted
this town.
Jul'' 4, 1774, to Josiah Moody and
side
of a ransce extending many miles
Their base is
in that direction.
about 10 miles broad and their central latitude is
W.
The
44°
15'
N., and 71°
lono-itude.
these mounDr. Belknap,
An ancient travf^?. Agiocochnok.
dition prevailed among the savages,
that a deluge once overspread the
land, and destroyed every human
Indian
name
of
tains,
according;
beinsT,
except a single
to
powow and
his wife, who sheltered themselves
in these elevated regions, and thus
preserved the
nation.
race
The fancy
from extermiof the
natives
peopled this mountain with beings
of a superior rank, who were invisible to the human eye, but sometimes indicated their presence by
tempests, which they were believed to control with absolute authoriThe savages therefore, never
ty.
attempted to ascend the summit,
deemina; the attempt pei-ilous, and
success impossible. But they frequented the defiles and environs of
the mountain, and of cour^-e propagated many extravagant nescriptions of its appearance ; declaring,
among other things equally credible, that they had seen carbun
cles at immen-^e heiohts, which, in
the darkness of night, shone with
the most brilliant and dazzling
splendor.
President Alden states, that the
�NEW ENGLAND
White mountains were called by
one of the eastern tribes Waunibekketmethna: Waumbekket signifies it'^i^e, and methna, mountains.
GAZETTEER.
by a pretty good path, cut
purpose. The total distance
from Boston to the base of Mount
These
Washington, is 171 miles.
you pass
are very pleasant routes
through the capital of New Hampshire, a beautiful town ; you enjoy
a great variety of delightful and romantic river and lake scenery, and
are accommodated with good houses,
on
foot,
for the
:
we
Before
attempt a description
of these mountains, we shall endeavor to direct the traveller in
his course, from the east, the south
and the west, to this magnificent
exhibition of Almighty power.
gentlemanly landlords,
skillful
and
obliging stagemen.
Routes from Boston, through
Concord, JV. H.
the
road
rail
Nashua, by
to
rail
Travellers take
Lowell, pass
road, and then
to
by
stage through Amoskeag to Concord,
or take the Mammoth road at Lowell, through Manchester and Londonderry, or pass through Andover
and Haverhill, Mass. The distance
from Boston to Concord, by the
Mammoth road, is 65 miles by
Nashua, 72, and by the way of
Haverhill, 70 miles.
From Concord you pass to Meredith bridge,
either by the Shaker village in
Canterbury, 12 miles ; or Sanbornton bridge, 16 miles from Concord,
The distance from Concord to MerFrom
edith bridge is 26 miles.
:
Meredith
l3ridge
to
Meredith
vil-
from thence to Centre Harbor, at the north western
extremity of Winnepisiogee lake,
Here you have a fair
is 4 miles.
view of the lake for 15 miles, and
here you can be accommodated
with a passage down the lake, to
Alton, any day in the season of navFrom Centre Harbor to
igation.
Moultonborough is 5 miles, to Sandwich, 2, to Tamworth, 12 to Eaton,
6, to Conway, 8, to Bartlett, on the
south east side of the mountains,
10 ; to the entrance of the Notch,
12 miles; and from thence to the
" Crawford House," is 12 miles.
The Crawford house is about 9 miles
from the summit of Mount Wash-
lage,
is
9 miles
;
;
About two
thirds of this
traveled by horses, procured at the accommodation house
of Crawford the residue is traveled
ington.
distance
is
There is another route from Concord to these hills, by the way of
Plymouth, through the Franconia
Notch, that is very pleasant and
frequently traveled.
From Concord through Boscawen, FrankAndover, Hill, Bristol, and
Bridgewater, to Plymouth, is 40
miles from thence, through Campton, Thornton, Peeling, Lincoln,
to Littleton, through the Franconia
Notch, is 40 miles. From Littleton
to Crawford's, is 18 miles.
Total
distance from Boston, by this route,
163 miles.
lin,
;
From Plymouth to Littleton
roads are remarkably good,
the landscape delightful
but
scenery is not so beautiful as by
;
the
and
the
the
Winnepisiogee, nor so magnificent
as through the Notch of the White
Mountains.
The
Portsmouth and Dover
route, from Boston, is very pleasant
you exchange the beautiful scenery along the Merrimack, for a visit
to some of our most delightful Atlantic towns. On this route we pass
through the principal towns of Sa-
lem, Beverly, Ipswich, NewburyHampton, to Portsmouth, 56
miles from Boston. From thence we
go to Dover, 12 miles, to Alton,
at the southeastern extremity of
Winnepisiogee lake, 28 miles; from
thence up the lake, by steam boat,
to Centre Harbor, 20 miles, and
from thence, to Crawford's, at the
base of Mount Washington, as by
Total distance,
the Concord route.
by this route. 183 miles.
port,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
route, from Boston, by steam boat and stage, is
another very pleasant way to reach
You
niouniainous region.
this
leave Boston in the evening, on
board one of our beautiful, seaworthy steamers, and take an early
The Portland
breakfast, the next morning, at
our friend Haskell's, at the " Elm
House," in Portland. The distance
from Boston to Portland is about 120
miles ; but distance, in this case, is
After
generally lost in sleep.
breakfast you take the northern
stage, and passing through Gorham
and other towns, to Fryeburgh, you
arrive at Conway, (the centre of all
the eastern routes,) 57 miles from
Portland, and find excellent accommodations for the night. The next
day you have ample time to go to
the Crawford house, and to prepare
excursion the next
for an aerial
morning. The distance from Boston, in this
way,
is
211 miles. This
the most expeditious route, and
has the charms of both ocean and
inland scenery.
is
The Connecticut River
route, to
the " Crystal Hills," is full of
beauty in almost all its course. You
leave Hartford and ascend one of
the most delightful rivers in the
world, to Littleton, N. H.,a disSome of this
tance of 1S8 miles.
distance may be travelled by water,
but the most agreeable mode of
travelling is by land, on either
As you pass
side of the river.
the principal towns of Springfield,
Northampton, Deerfield, Green-
Walpole, WindHanover, Norwich, Haverhill
and Newbury, you are charmed
with all the varieties of scenery,
field, Brattleboro',
sor,
which elevated mountains,
placid
and rapid waters, a wide, luxuriant
and densely populated alluvial basin
can yield. The distance from Littleton through Bethlehem to Craw18 miles. Total disford's
tance from Hartford, by this route,
House
206 miles.
40*
is
Tlie
Hudson River Route.
Ex-
these mountains from
New York by the Hudson river.
Lake Champlain, and back by the
way of Boston or Hartford, affords
cursions
to
our southern and western friends
a rich repast of New York and New
England scenery.
The distances on the Hudson
from New York to Troy are given
under Long Island Sound.
famed Minand Saraby the rail
The distance to the former
and to the latter 32 miles.
From Troy
to the far
eral Springs, at Ballston
toga, is a pleasant ride,
road.
is 2.5,
distance from Albany to Saratoga Springs, by the way of Schenectady, is 36 miles.
The waters of these springs have
long been justly celebrated for their
medicinal and exhilarating quali-
The
and a vast number from all
;
parts of the United States, and even
from foreign countries, resort to
them, either for health, or to join
ties
the gay and fashionable throng who
hold an annual festival around these
hygeian fountains.
The accommodations
at these
entertainment of
strangers, are of the first order:
no expense seems to be spared to
render them acceptable to their
villages, for the
numerous visitants.
These springs are numerous, but
generally contain the same fubstances, only in a greater or less
The most celebrated of
quantity.
them is the Congress, at Saratoga,
which has given, in analysis, 471,5
grains muriate of soda; 178,4 3-4
16,5 carbonate
carbonate of lime
3,3 1-2 carbonate of magof soda
nesia, and 6,1 3-4 carbonate of iron,
;
;
one gallon of water: carbonic
Temacid gas, 343 cubic inches.
perature through the year, 50° of
to
Farenheit.
A
few miles
east from Saratoga
village is Fish Creek, memorable
as the scene of the surrender of
Burgoyne's army, of 5,791 men,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
to the Americans, under General
Gates, October 17, 1777.
From Troy to Whitehall, N. Y.,
is 70 miles by stage, and 72 by the
Champlain canal. In this distance
we pass Beniis' Heights, and forts
Miller, Edward, and Anne ; important stations during the revolutionary war.
JVhitehall is at the southern extremity of lake Champlain, and at
the junction of the canal with the
lake.
This place is an important
location for trade on Lake Chainplain, and of an extensive tract of
country.
The lake is navigable
here for all classes of lake vessels
and from this place steam boats ply
along the shores of this beautiful
lake to St. Johns in Lower Canada.
This is a pleasant and flourishing
town, and a great thoroughfare for
travelers in the season of navigation.
It is situated in the county
of Washington, and contains a population of about 3,500.
About a dozen miles west from
Whitehall lays Lake George, celebrated for the purity of its waters,
;
its enchanting island and mountain
scenery, its salmon trout, and above
all, for its history, as connected with
the memory of our fathers in their
glorious struggle for liberty.
This lake is about 35 miles in
length, and averages about 2 miles
in breadth.
It discharges its waters into Lake Champlain, near the
ruins of Ticonderoga, by an outlet
of 3 miles in length ; in which distance the fall is about 150 feet.
On some
of the islands in this
lake, crystals of quartz are found of
uncommon transparency and perfection of form.
Rogers^ Rock, is on the west
side of the lake, near the outlet.
It rises abruptly
between 300 and
400 feet.
It
received its name
from a Major Rogers, who, to elude
his Indian pursuers, deceived them
by asscending the rock, throwing
his pack into the lake, and changing his snow shoes heels foremost
thus inducing them to believe tha
he had leaped into the lake.
This is indeed one of the most
beautiful and romantic sheets of
water in the world.
From Whitehall to Burlington,
On this
Vermont, is 70 miles.
route we pass the memorable fortresses of Ticonderoga and Crown
Point; Mount Independence, and
a great number of beautiful towns
which skirt the lake on each side.
Opposite to Charlotte, Vermont,
11 miles S. from Burlington, in the
town of Essex, N. ¥., is Sj)lit
Rock, a great natural curiosity.
Tiiis rock projects into the lake 150
The
separated from
feet: it contains about half an acre, and is covered with trees. The height of the
rock, on each side of the opening,
is about 20
feet ; and appears to
have been rent asunder by some
great convulsion.
From the beautiful town of Burlington we cross the mountains to
Montpelier, situated in a delightful
valley amid the hills. The distance
is 38 miles.
On this route we tra/el
along the romantic banks of the
Winooski ; we listen to the rushing
of its waters down its mountain
course ; view its foaming cataracts,
and stop to admire the wonderful
Assures and fantastic mechanism,
which, in the course of ages, that
stream has wrought, by its ceaseless
current, amid these adamantine
feet.
the
point
is
main rock about 20
hills.
From Montpelier we pass to Connecticut river, and Littleton, N. H,,
a distance of 40 miles, and from Littleton to the base of Mount Washington, a distance of IS miles.
By this route from the city of
York, the distance is 386
miles from that city by the way
of Stonington, Providence, and the
nearest route from Boston, the disThis route
tance is 383 miles.
may be varied so as to enjoy the
beauties of Winnepisiogee lake,
by leaving Troy, 150 miles, for
New
:
�:
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Bennington, 30 miles, 180
;
Brat-
tleborough, 40—220; Keene,20—
240 Concord, 55—295 to the base
;
;
of the mountains,
tance, 401 miles.
106
;
total
dis-
These mountains are the highest
New England and, if we except
the Rocky mountains, whose height
has not been ascertained, they are
the most lofty of any in the United
in
;
Their great elevation has
always rendered them exceedingStates.
ly interesting both to the aboriginal inhabitants and to our ancesThey were visited by Neal,
tors.
Jocelyn, and Field as early as
1632 they gave romantic accounts
of their adventures, and of the extent and sublimity of the mountains.
:
They called them
Hills.
the
Crystal
Since that time this mountainous
region has been repeatedly explored by hunters and men of science.
Their height has been a subject of
much speculation ; but from the
best surveys, Mount Washington
the
is 6,234 feet above the level of
The following is the height
sea.
of the principal mountains above
Connecticut river at Lancaster,
to
Jefferson
of Washington.
situated between these two.
Madison is the eastern peak of
Monroe is the first to
the range.
north
is
the south of Washington. Franklin
is known by
is the second south and
LaFayette is
level surface.
its
known by its conical shape, and being the third south of Washington.
The ascent to the summits of these
mountains, though fatiguing, is not
dangerous ; and the visitant is richly rewarded for his labor and curiIn passing from the Notch
osity.
travelto the highest summit, the
the summits of Mounts
La Fayette, Franklin and Monroe.
ler crosses
he must pass
and cross several
These are neither wide
ravines.
nor deep, nor are they discovered at
In accomplishing
through a
great distance
a
wit
Adams,
««
Jefferson,
<«
Madison,
-
"
Monroe,
-
-
5,850 feet.
5,383
5,281
5,039
4,932
4,470
4,339
Franklin,
««
La Fayette,
Although these mountains are 65
miles distant from the ocean, their
<<
snow white summits
are distinctly
good weather, more than
Their ap50 miles from shore.
pearance at that distance is that of
a silvery cloml skirting the horizon.
The names here given are those
visible, in
;
for
the trees
fill
them up exactly even with the
mountain on each side, and their
branches interlock with each other
in such a manner, that it is very
difficult to pass through them, and
they are so stiff and thick as almost
Mount
to support a man's weight.
La Fayette is easily ascended. Its
extent of 5 or 6 acres,
and gradually slopes
away in every direction from its
It even has a verdant apcentre.
pearance, as it is every where covered with short grass, which grows
in little tufts to the height of four
Among these tufts,
or five inches.
top, to the
is
Mount Washington,
this,
forest,
smooth,
mountain flowers are thinly scattered, which add life and beauty to
summit
eye
is
The
prospect from this
to the N. the
dazzled with the splendor of
the scene.
is
beautiful
:
Mount Washington; N. W.
are
seen the settlements in Jefferson;
W. the courses of the Amonoosuck,
S.
as though delineated on a map
Moosehillock and Haystack
appropriated to the differ- W. the
generally
S. Chocorua peak ;
are discovered
ent summits. Mount Washington
the settlements and mounelevation, S. E.
is known by its superior
tains in Bartlett; E. only dark
and by its being the southern of
Mount mountains and forests. On descendthe three highest peaks.
a small patch of
by its sharp termi- ing this mountain,
Adams is known
water is found at its base ; from
nating peak, and being the second
:
;
�NEW ENGLAND
which the ascent is gradual to the
summit of Mount Franklin. After
crossing this mountain, you pass
over the east pinnacle of Mount
Monroe, and soon find yourself on
a plain of some extent, at the foot
of Mount Washington.
Here is a
fine resting-place, on the margin of
a heautiful sheet of water, of an
oval form, covering about 3-4 of an
acre.
The waters are pleasant to
the taste, and deep.
Not a living
creature is to be seen in the waters,
at this height on the hills
nor do
vegetables of any kind grow in or
around them, to obscure the clear
rocky or gravelly bottom on which
they rest.
small spring discharges itself into this pond at its southeast angle. Another pond, of about
2-3 its size, lies N. W. of this.
Directly before you, the pinnacle
of Mount Washington rises with
majestic grandeur, like an immense
pyramid, or some vast Kremlin in
this magnificent city of niountains.
The pinnacle is elevated about 1,500
feet a!)0ve the plain, and is composed principally of liuge rocks of
granite and gneiss piled together,
presenting a variety of colors and
forms.
In ascending, you must pass enormous masses of loose stones but
a walk of half an hour will generally carry 5^ou to the summit. The
view from this point is wonderfully
grand and picturesque. Innumerable mountains, lakes, ponds, rivers, towns and villages meet the delighted eye, and the dim Atlantic
stretches its waters along the eastern horizon.
To the N. is seen the
lofty summits of Adams and Jefferson
and to the east a little detached from the range stands Mount
Madison.
ISIount Washington is
supported on the N, by a high ridge,
which extends to Mount Jefferson ;
on the N. E. by a large grassy plain,
terminating in a vast spur extending far away in that direction E.
;
A
GAZETTEER.
and S. E. by a grassy plain, in summer, of more than 40 acres. At
the southeastern extremity of this
plain, a ridge commences, which
slopes gi-acefully away towards the
vale of the Saco; upon which at
short distances from each other,
arise rocks, resembling, in some
places, towers; in others, representing the various orders of architecture.
It
would be vain
in us to attempt
wonders
which here astonish and delight the
a description of the varied
To
beholder.
those
who have
vis-
mountains, our descriptions would be tame and uninteresting
and he who has never
ascended their hoary summits, cannot realize the extent and magnificence of the scene. These mountains are decidedly of primitive
ited these
;
formation.
Nothing of volcanic
origin has ever yet been discovered on the most diligent research.
They have for ages, probably, exhibited the same unvarying aspect.
No minerals are here found of much
rarity or value.
The rock which
most abounds, is schistus, intermixed with greenstone, mica, granite
and gneiss.
The three highest
peaks are composed entirely ot
fragments of rocks heaped together
in confusion, but pretty firmly fixed in their situations. These rocks
are an intermediate substance between gneiss and micaceous schistus ; tliey are excessively rough
and coarse, and grey, almost black,
with lichens. The mica in them is
abundant, of different colors, red,
black, and limpid, and though sometimes several inches in diameter, yet
most often irregularly stratified.
The granite contains emerald, tourmaline, of which are found some
beautiful specimens, and garnets,
besides
its
proper constituents.
Crystals of quartz, pyrites, actinote, jasper, porphyry, fluate of lime,
and magnetic iron ore, are someby a promontory, which breaks off times obtained.
abruptly at St. Anthony's Nose ; S.
During 9 or 10 months of the
;
;
;
�NEW ENGLAND
year, the summits of the mountains
are covered with snow and ice, giving them a bright and dazzling appearance. On every side are long
and winding gulleys, deepening in
their descent to the plains below.
Here some of the iinest rivers
of
New
England
originate.
Saco flows from the east side
the branches of
of the mountains
the Androscoggin from the north
the Amonoosuck and other tributaries of the Connecticut from the
west and the Pemigewasset from
the south, its fountain being near
The
;
;
;
The sides of the
that of the Saco.
hills are in many parts covered with
soil ; but this is very superficial in
all cases, and every spot, that can
be reached by running water, is
left destitute of every thing but
rocks and pebbles, of v,^hich likewise the river bottoms are excluIn these cold
sively composed.
and elevated regions, the period for
the growth of vegetables is extremely brief; the mourtains must
be forever sterile. T.-oss and lichens may be found near the summits, but of meagre and scanty
growth looking as if they had
wandered from their proper zone
helow, into these realms of barren
—
desolation.
visit of
GAZETTEER.
went thither about the end of
month," (August.) They set
out, probably, a few days after the
return of Field, dazzled by visions
of diamonds and other precious
minerals, with which the fancy of
this man had garnished his story.
" They went up Saco river in birch
canoes, and that way they found it
90 miles to Pegwagget, an Indian
town, but by land it is but 60. Upon Saco river they found many
ince,
this
thousand acres of rich meadow, but
are 10 falls which hinder
From the Indian town
boats, &c.
they went up hill (for the most
part) about 30 miles in woody lands,
then they went about 7 or 8 miles
upon shattered rocks, without tree
or grass, very steep all the way.
At the top is a plain about 3 or 4
there
miles over,
all
shattered
stones,
and upon that is another rock or
spire about a mile in height, and
about an acre of ground at the top.
the top of the plain arise 4 great
each of them so much water at the first issue as would drive
At
rivers,
Connecticut river from two
the N. W. and S. W.,
which join in one about 60 miles
Amoff; Saco river on the S. E.
ascoggin, which runs into Casco
and the Kenbay, at the N. E.
a mill
heads
:
at
;
;
The
nebeck at the N. by E.
or
described by Winthrop, mountain runs east and west 30
Mountains,
40 miles, but the peak is above all
It was peris worthy of notice.
went and returned
formed in the month of August, the rest. They
company with in 15 days." This description of
1642, by him in
probably comThomas Gorges the deputy-gover- the mountains was
to Gov.
Field, who v.'as liv- municated by Mr. Vines
Darby
nor.
Winthrop. It conveys a very accuing at Exeter,1639, has the credit
idea of them, as they now
of 'being the first traveller to these rate
also is strike the traveller.
His journey
mountains.
described by Winthrop, who says it
The JVotchof the WJiite Mounwas performed in the year 1632.
tains, is a phrase appropriated to a
He appears to have returned by
" The report he very narrow defile, extending two
the way of Saco.
between two huge
brought," says Winthrop, " of shin- miles in length
A
Mr. Vines
to the
White
ing stones, &c. caused divers others
to travel thither, but they found
Mr.
nothing worth their pains.
Gorges and Mr. Vines, two of the
magistrates of Sir F. Gorges' prov-
cliffs
apparently
rent
some vast convulsion
asunder by
of nature
:
probably that of the deluge. The
entrance of the chasm on the east
side, is formed by two rocks stand-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ing perpendicular at the distance of
22 feet from each other: one about
20 feet in height, the other about
12.
The road from Lancaster to
Portland passes through this notch,
following the course of the head
stream of the Saco.
The scenery at this place is exceedingly beautiful and grand. The
mountain, otherwise a continued
range, is here cloven quite down
to its base, opening a passage for
the waters of the Saco.
The gap
is so narrow, that space has with difficulty been found for the road.
About half a mile from the entrance
of the chasm is seen a most beautiful cascade, issuing from a mountain on the right, about 800 feet
above the subjacent valley, and
about 2 miles distant. The stream
passes over a series of rocks almost
perpendicular, with a course so little broken as to preserve the appearance of a uniform current, and
yet so far disturbed as to be perfectly white. This beautiful stream,
which passes down a stupendous
precipice, is called by Dwight, the
Silver Cascade.
It is pi-obably one
of the most beautiful in the world.
At the distance of 3-4 of a mile
from the entrance of the chasm is
a brook, called the Flume, which
falls from a height of 240 or 250
feet over three precipices
down
the two first in a single current,
and over the last in three, which
unite again at the bottom in a small
basin formed by the hand of nature
in the rocks.
The water is pure
and transparent, and it would be
impossible for a brook of its size to
be modelled into more diversified
or delightful forms.
It is by no means strange that
the unlettered Indian fancied these
regions to be the abodes of celestial beings
while the scholar, without a stretch of fancy, in calling to
mind the mythology of Greece,
might find here a fit place for the
assemblies and sports of the Dry-
—
;
ads,
Naiads and Oreades.
Avalanches or
On
mountains.
slides
from the
the 28th of
Au-
gust, 1S2G, there occurred one of
the most remarkable floods ever
known
in this mountainous region
and which was attended by the
awful calamity of the destruction
of a whole family, by an Avalanche or slide from the mountains.
These Avalanches, as they are
termed in Switzerland, are produced
by heavy rains they commence
generally near the highest limits
of vegetation on the mountains,
which, on some of them, is near
their summits
the slides widening
and deepening in their downward
:
;
course, carrying along all the tiees,
shrubbery, loose rocks and earth
from their granite foundation. At
tbis time there were probably thousands of acres reft from the sides of
the mountains and carried to the
valley in the Notch below.
The house inhabited by Capt.
Samuel Willey and his family, stood
on the w^esterly side of the road,
in the Notch, and a few rods distant
fiom the high bluff which rises
with fearful rapidity to the height
of 2,000 feet.
Adjoining was a
barn and woodhouse in front, was
a beautiful little meadow covered
with crops, and the Saco passed
along at the foot of the easterly pre;
cipice.
Nearly
range of the house,
the extreme point of
the westerly hill came down in a
deep and horrible mass to within
about five rods of the dwelling,
where its course appears to have
been checked by a large block of
granite, which, falling on a flat
surface, backed the rolling mass for
a moment, until it separated into
two streams, one of which rushed
down by the north end of the house,
crushing the barn, and spreading
itself over the meadow ; the other
passing down on the south side,
and swallowing up the unfortunate
beings, who probably attempted to
fly to a shelter, which, it is said.
in
a slide from
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER
a few rods disThis shelter, whatever it
might have been, was completely
had been erected
tant.
rocks weighing 10
50 tons being scattered about the
place, and indeed in every direction, rendering escape utterly imThe house remained unpossible.
touched, though large stones and
trunks of trees made fearful approaches to its walls, and the moving mass, which separated behind
the building, again united in its
The house alone could
front!
have been their refuge from the
horrible uproar around, the only
spot untouched by the crumbling
and consuming power of the storm.
The family consisted of 9 persons Capt. Willey, his wife, 5 children, and two men by the names
of Nickerson and Allen.
overwhelmed
:
to
;
Travelers visiting this section of
country, in autumn, will be gratified
with the rich and varied beauties of
Autumnal foliage, common in this
country, but more particularly so
and which is thus
at the north
described by Dr. Dwight.
" The bosom of both ranges of
mountains was overspread, in all the
changed from their verdure
towards the perfection of that color,
which they are capable of ultimately assuming, through yellow, orange, and red, to a pretty deep
brown. As the frosts at!ects different trees, and the different leaves
of the same tree, in very different
degrees ; a vast multitude of tinctures are commonly found on those
of a single tree, and always on
These
those of a grove or forest.
frost
also, in all their varieties
are generally full; and in many instances are among the most exquisite, which are found in the regions
Different sorts of trees
of nature.
different deare susceptible of
colors,
grees of this beauty. Among them
the maple is preeminently distinguished by the prodigious varieties, the finish, beauty, and the intense lustre, of its hues; varying
through all the dyes, between a rich
green and the most perfect crimson ;
or more definitely, the red of the
prismatic image."
Wlxitiiig,
Me.
;
inferior regions,
by a mixture of
evergreens, with trees, whose leaves
The annual foliage
are deciduous.
had been already changed by the
frosts.
Of the
effects of this
Washington
change
perhaps, impossible for an inhabitant of Great Britain, as I have
been assured by several foreigners,
adequate conception,
to form an
without visiting an American forWhen I was a youth, I reest.
co.
This town
lies
the head of Machias bay, and is
watered by several ponds and a
It lies 152 miles
good mill stream.
E. N. E. from Augusta, and 6 N.
Incorporated,
E. from M.ichias.
Population, 1S37, 462.
1825.
at
Whiting, Vt.
it is,
Thompson had entirely oaiitted, in his seasons, this line
Upon
part of autumnal imagery.
enquiring of an English gentlemiin,
the probable cause of the omission,
he informed ine, that no such scenery existed in Great Britain. In this
country it is often nmong the most
All
splendid beauties of nature.
the leaves of trees, which are not
mar'.v'^d, that
evergreens, are by the
first
severe
W^hiting lies 40
Addison co.
miles S. W. from Montpelier, and
It is
10 S. from Middlebury.
washed on the eastern border by
Otter Creek, but is without anyvaluable mill stream.
This is a fine farming town the
soil is composed partly of marl, and
affords excellent crops of grain and
hay about 7,000 sheep are kept
here.
Some years since fish were
introduced fi-om the lake, to Otter
:
:
Creek, at this place, and have been
found to multiply exceedingly.
Whiting
It
\va- first settled in 1772.
was named
in honor of
John
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Whiting of Wrentham,
ulation, 1830, 653.
Mass. Pop-
^^Iiitingliam, Vt»
Windham
Deerfield river
passes through this town and forms
considerable tracts of valuable intervale.
The surface of the uplands is diversified
with a good
soil for sheep, of which many are
co.
;
kept.
weight of 2,292 fleeces of
wool, sheared in this town in 1837,
was 6,110 pounds, valued at $3,669.
ers, the
There are some manufactures in
the town of boots, shoes, leather,
straw bonnets, palm-leaf hats, wagon?, &.C.
The " Wesle3^an Academy," in
Wilbraham,is an institution of great
value, and in high reputation.
It
has considerable funds, and about
240 scholars attend throughout the
Scholars are received at this
year.
seminary from ten years of age
Sawdawga pond, in Whitingham,
rather a cuiiosity.
It is a handsome sheet of water, covering
about 500 acres. For many years and upwards.
The annual cost to
past earth has been forming over a scholar, for board and tuition, is
its surface, and from 75 to 100 acres
from $80 to $90.
This institution
of land now rise and fall with the Vv^as incorporated in 1S24, and is
waters of the pond.
governed by a board of trustees.
Among the first settlers of VerGreat excitement existed in this
mont, many remarkable instances of quiet town and vicinity by the
longevity and fecundity are found. murder of Marcus Lyon, on the
Mr. Pike had 28 children 19 9th of November, 1805. The murof whom were living a few j'ears der was committed by two foreignsince ; the youngest aged 25 years. ers, Halliganand Daley, who were
Mr. Benjamin Cook died in this hanged at Northampton on the 5th
town, a few years since, aged 106 of June, 1806.
He had followed the busiyears.
V/ilbraham lies 80 miles W. S.
ness of shoemaking through life. W. from Boston, and 10 E. from
He celebrated his hundredth birth Springfield. It was incorporated
day by making a pair of shoes, in 1653. Population, 1837, 1,802.
without the use of spectacles.
"Wiliiains' Rivers.
is
A
;
Whitingham was
first
settled in
17 miles W. by S.
from Brattleborough, and 18 E. S.
E. from Bennington.
Population,
1830, 1,477.
1773.
It
lies
Wickford Village, R. I.
See JVorth Kingston.
Wilbraham, Mass.
Hampden co. Tlie people
of
pleasant town are principally
employed in agricultural pursuits,
and are remarkable for equality of
property.
This town is watered
by the Chickopee and several of its
small tributaries.
The surface is
this
agreeably diversified by hills and
valleys, and the soil is well adapted
to agricultural and
horticultural
pursuits.
The products of Wil-
braham
are
numerous
;
among oth-
Williams' river, in
Vermont,
is
formed in Chester by the union of
three considerable branches, which
originate in small streams in the
townships of Ludlow, Andover,
Windham, and Grafton.
These
three branches unite about a mile
and a half to the southeast of the
two villages in Chester, and their
united waters, after running 15
miles in a southeasterly direction,
into Connecticut river in Rockingham, three miles above Bellows'
Falls.
Along this stream is some
fine intervale, and it afibrds several
good mill privileges.
Williams'
fall
its
name from the
celebrated Rev. John Williams,
who was taken by the Indians at
Deerfield, Mass., in 1704. and who.
at the mouth of this stream, preach-
river derives
�—
;
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
ed a sermon
Williams'
his fellow captives.
to
river,
Massachu-
in
See West Stockbi'idge.
setts.
Williainsbiirgli, Me.
off
and called Barnard:
the
first
to
fact
this
the editor
when
pages of this edition were
printed.
The lands in Williamsburgh and
Barnard are undulating;, heavily
wooded, with
a fertile
The
soil.
population of Williamshurgh,
1837, was 120.
in
Williamsburgh and Barnard are
present but thinly settled
;
at
but in
consequence of a vast body of slate
for rooting houses and other purposes being found within their limits,
the lands within these towns must
enhance in value and increase in
population.
These
are
quarries
common
to both towns; they lie at
an elevation of from 150 to 200 feet
above Pleasant river, a branch of
the Penobscot, which passes their
northern and eastern borders, about
two miles distant.
These quarries are inexhaustible
and are stated to be
fully equal to the celebrated Welsh
They are situated 40 miles
slate.
in quantity,
the Bangor and Piscataquis rail road, now
and in proin operation to Orono
gress from Orono to tliese quarries,
the Bangor of the new world seems
likely to become as celebrated for
its tine slate as the Bangor of the
N. from Bangor; and, by
;
See Barnard.
old.
^Villiamsl>iirgli, Mass.
Hampshire co. The suiface of this
town is elevated and uneven but
,
and has a warm and
fei-tile soil.
It is watered by a good
stream which meets the Connecticut at Northampton. It lies 8 miles
N. W. from Northampton, and 100
W. from Boston. Incorporated in
it is
pleasant,
1771.
Population, 1837, 1,345.
41
ot
the
town
punches, bitts and bitt
and japan buttons,
stocking yarn, and lather boxes
annual value, about ^200,000.
The value of buttons, manufactured the year ending April 1, 1837,
was $102,500.
In 1837, there were 2,815 sheep
sheared in this town, whose fleeces
weighed 8,362 pounds, and sold for
augers,
This town was
Piscataquis co.
In 1834 the
incorporated in 1S20.
easterly part of the town was set
was unknown
The manufactures
consist of woolen cloth, (3 mills,)
boots, shoes, leather, hats, iron casting!?, axes, gimlets, screw drivers,
stocks, flexible
5,017.
^Villianistowii, Vt.
Orange co. This town lies on the
height of land between Onion and
White rivers; 10 miles S. E. from
IMonipelier, and about the same disFii^t
tance N. Vv'. from Chelsea.
Population, 1830,
settled, 1784.
This mountain town pro1,487.
duces good crops of grain and hay.
It pastures about 7,500 sheep.
The " Gulf Road," so called,
between Royalton and Montpelier,
This
passes through this town.
mountain pass is some miles in
length, wild and picturesque. The
mountains on each side of the gulf
are very high, and the sides are
so steep as to leave only a narrow
passage for the turnpike, and a
o-urgling branch of White river on
the south side, and of a branch of
Onion river on the north.
Williamstown, Mass.
Berkshire co.
This town
ated in a large and
is
situ-
valley,
romantic elevations,
fertile
surrounded by
and watered by lioosack and Green
These beautiful streams
rivers.
unite their hydraulic powers and
fertilizing qualities, to render this
remote valley a scene of competence and peace, and a delightful
retreat for the muses.
Williamstown lies at the N. W.
corner of the state, on the lines of
Vermont and New York 135 miles
W, by N. from Boston, 27 N. fiom
;
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Lenox, and 36 E. by N. fi'om Albany, N. Y. It was incorporated
Population, 1837, 1,981.
in 1765.
There are
1 cotton and 2 woolen
mills in the town, and manufactures of potatoe starch, cabinet ware,
chairs, palm-leaf hats, shovels, hats,
leather, &c.
annual value about
:
$75,000.
streams give Willington some exmill pi-ivileges, some of
which are profitably improved.
There are about 2,500 sheep in the
cellent
The number
of sheep in this
flourishing agricultural town, in
the year 1837, was 8,000
viz:
2,000 Saxony, 5,800 Merino, and
200 common. The fleeces of these
—
sheep
er Wolcott, Esq. and others, for
in the year 1720.
It is about
7 miles in length, and 4^ in width
There is an abundance of granite
in the town, and good ii-on ore.
The surface is uneven and the soil
hard.
The Wiilimantic and other
£510,
weighed
sold for $13,965.
The village in
23,200
lbs.,
town.
Population, in 1830, 1,305.
24 miles N. E. from Hartford,
and bounded W. by Tolland.
It is
and
town is delightfully situated on a gentle rise
from the river. The buildings are
generally tastefully constructed and
command a great variety of superb
scenery. This town contains a tepid spring, of some repute in cutaneous diseases.
this
Williams College, in this town,
IS handsomely located.
It derived
its
name from Col. Ephraim
Williams, a native of Newton,
anJ a distinguished benefactor of
Williamstown. Col. Williams was
a man of talents, brave, witty, polite and popular.
He commanded
the line of forts on the west side
of Connecticut river, in the French
and Indian wars from 1740 to 1748.
In 1755, he received the command
of a regiment, and joined general
Johnson.
He fell at the head of
1,200 men, near lake George, on the
8th of September of that year. Col.
Williams, being a bachelor, gave
the most of his estate for the establishment of a free grammar school
at this place. The school went into operation in 1791, and in 17,93
the legislature vested it with college privileges.
See Register.
l¥illiitiantic Miver, Ct.
Also Village, see Windham.
Wiliiiigton, Ct.
Tolland CO. This town was sold
by the Connecticut colonj. to Rog-
"^Villistoii,
Chittenden
Vt.
This
co.
an ex-
is
town of a rich soil,
with an uneven surface, but not
cellent farming
mountainous.
It
is
very produc-
tive of all the varieties common to
a northern climate
its product of
wool, in 1837, was 9,225 fleeces.
:
Williston is watered by Onion river,
and some smaller streams but its
water power is small. It is 27 miles
W. N. W. from ?>Iontpelier, and is
bounded on the W., by Burlington.
;
Population, 1830, 1,608.
Thomas Chittenden was the
town. He came here
in 1774.
He was a member of the
fatiier of this
convention, which, in 1777, declared Vermont an independent state,
and was active in procuring its admission into the Union.
When the
Vermont Constitution was established, in 1778, Mr. Chittenden was
selected as a candidate for governor to which office he was annually elected, with the exception of
one year, till his death in 1797. He
was 67 years of age.
;
Wilmington, Vt.
Windham co. The east and west
branches of Deeriield river unite
in this town, which, with the waters
of Beaver and Cold brooks, and
of Ray's pond, a large and beautiful sheet of water; a valuable mill
There are
power is produced.
some fine tracts of lard in the town,
and a considerable portion that is
�—
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
rough and hard
to
till.
There are
a number of mills of various kinds
in the town, and a pleasant and
thriving village.
Wilmington was settled before
the revolutionary war, but increas-
ed but slowly until the peace. It
lies 46 miles S. S. W. from Windsor, 14 S. W. from Newfane, and
17 E. from Bennington, Population, 1830, 1,367.
Wilmington, Mass.
Middlesex co. The surface
this
town
is
of
generally level, with a
The wood is
light and sandy soil.
chiefly pine, and much charcoal is
made. This kind of soil, although
unfit for the generality of crops, is
well adapted for the growth of
hops, of which large quantities, of
a tine quality, are produced in
Wilmington, and which frequently
afford the cultivator a large profit.
of 32 years,
inclusive, there were
During the period
1806— 1S37,
inspected at Charlestown, Mass.
76,860 bags of hops, weighing
16,167,182 lbs. The price varied
from 34 to 5 cents a pound. The
highest price was in 1817, the low1-5
est, in 1819 ; average price, 13
Total value, $2,169,430.
cents.
The town
is
watered by
a
branch
the Middlesex
of Ipswich river
canal passes through it, and adds
much to the beauty of its scenery.
Wilmington was incorporated in
1730. It is 14 miles N. N. AV.from
Boston, and 10 S. E. by E. from
Lowell. Population, 1837, 795.
:
^Vilmot, K. H.
Merrimack co. Wilrnot is 30
miles N. W. from Concord, and
87 from Boston. The streams forming Blackwater river have their origin in the vicinity of Wilrnot.
They afford a number of good mill
The 4th N. H. turnpike
seats.
from Concord to Hanover passes
through this town. It was made in
1803, through an entire forest, without any inhabitants for 14 miles
and about 6 miles below
The land near the turnbut
pike appears rude and barren
the acclivities on either side are
above,
Wiimot.
;
of
susceptible
town
leys,
cultivation.
The
composed of hills and valpresenting a rough surface.
is
no large collections of
mountains, excepting
Kearsarge, whose summit forms the
It was incorsouthern boundary.
There
are
w^ater, nor any
It receivporated June IS, 1807.
ed its name in honor of Dr. Wiimot,
an Englishman, who, at one time,
was supposed to be the author of
the celebrated letters of Junius.
Population, 1830, 835.
"Wilson, Me.
This town was incorporated in
1836, as " township number 9 in
the 9th range, north of the Waldo
Patent in the county of Somerset."
We repeat, that but very little information respecting a town is gained from its act of incorporation.
We
to
beg our friends "
Down
East"
write to us.
W^ilton, Me.
Franklin co. This is one of the
most flourishing agricultural townIt has a fertile
ships in the state.
soil, a beautiful surface, and two
It lies a little
pleasant villages.
distance from Sandy river, 5 or 6
miles S. W. from Farmington, and
38
W. N. W. from Augusta.
Wilton has an adequate water
power for common purposes, produced by streams issuing from
The
beautiful ponds in the town.
people are principally agriculturalists, and tested their skill in that
delightful pursuit, in 1837, by producing 11,071 bushels of good clean
wheat.
Wilton was incorporated
Population, in 1830,
in 1803.
1,140; 1837,
2,102.
AVilton, N. H.
This town is
by Mason, and W. by
Hillsborough co.
bounded
S.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Temple.
It is
9 miles
W. by
S.
from Amherst and .37 S. by W.
from Concord.
Souhegan is the
principal river.
Its main branch
enters this town near the S. W.
corner and proceeds in a N. E.
course till it forms a junction with
several
branches running from
Lyndeborovgh and Temple. These
flow through the N. part, and are
sufficiently
has sprung up within a few years.
This town has neither mountains,
ponds or swamps. It is in general
of strong and excellent soil.
Good
clay is found in plenty near the
streams.
There are several quarries of excellent stone for splitting
and hewing. The first settlement
was made
1733, by 3 families
Mass., 2 by the
name of Putnam, and 1 by the name
of Dale.
Hannah, the daughter
of Ephraim Putnam, was the first
child born in town.
The town
was incorporated June 25, 1762,
and derived its name from Wilton,
an ancient borough in Wiltshire,
England.
distressing accident
occurred in raising the second
meeting house, September 7, 1773.
The frame fell, and three men were
instantly killed
two died of their
wounds soon afterward, and a number of others were badly injured.
On July 20, 1804, the same meeting house was struck by lightning
and considerably shattered. Population, 1830, 1,039.
in
Danvers,
A
;
Wilton,
Fairfield co.
Ct.
Wilton was taken
from the north part of Norwalk, in
1802.
The surface of the town is
broken by two ridges of hills, but
the soil is a gravelly loam and productive of grain and a great variety
of fruit.
Agriculture is the principal
business of the inhabitants.
The town
is watered by Norwalk
and has a satinet factory
and other mechanical operations by
river,
ered and worked in this town during the revolutionary war. Wilton
lies 34 miles W. S. W. from New
Haven, and 6 N. from Norwalk.
Population, 1330, 2,095.
large for mill streams.
On these streams are some valuable
manu factures, and a pleasant village
from
A
water.
classical school, of hioh
reputation, was established here "in
1818, by Hawley Olmstead, Esq.
This school is worth a million of'
the silver mines that were discov-
\¥iiiclieiidoii,
Worcester
Mass.
This town was
It is 60 miles
N. W. by W. from Boston, and 34
N. N. W. from Worcester. Population, 1830, 1,463; 1837,1,802.
co.
incorporated in 1764.
The
surface of the town
is
uneven
and rocky, with a strong soil, which,
when subdued, is quite productive
of grain, grass and fruit trees.
There
are fine quarries of granite
and a spi-ing tinctured
;
with iron and sulphur, but which
is less visited tlian formerly.
Miller's river rises in this town and
in the
town
Ashburnham, and affords convenient mill seats.
There are 2 pleasant villages in the town, a cotton
mill, a woolen mill, and manufactures of cotton and wool bobbins,
leather, palm-leaf hats, chairs, cabinet and wooden wares
annual
:
value, exclusive
about $100,000.
of cotton
goods,
Tinder Warner, N. H., we gave
an account of a frightful tornado in
that and the neighboring towns in
1821.
It appears that this part of
the country was visited by a similar desolation, at the same time,
more than 40 miles distant.
Worcester paper thus describes it
" About 6 o'clock, Sunday evening, September 9th, a black and
terrific cloud appeared a little south
of the centre of Northfield, Franklin county, nearly in the form of a
pjM-amid reversed, moving very rapidly and with a terrible noise. In its
progress it swept away or prostrated all the trees, fences, stone walls,
and buildings which came with-
A
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
vortex, which in some places
not more than 20 rods and in
others 40 or 50. It passed from
in
its
was
Northfteld
Orange,
to
through Warwick and
the southwesterly part
of Royalston, where its force was
broken by Tully Mountain. Its path
was strewed for the distance of 25
miles, through the towns of Royalston, Winchendon, Ashburnham and
Fitchburg, with fragments of buildings, sheaves of grain, bundles of
corn stalks, clothing, &.c.
" Several persons were killed
and wounded, numerous houses,
barns, &c. deinoiished, and many
domestic animals, in the track of the
Large
tornado, were destroyed.
trees were taken 200 feet into the
air, and logs which would require
4 oxen to remove them were swept
out of the bed of Tully river where
they had lain for more than half a
ccnturj\ The ground was torn up
from the river to the mountain,
about 40 rods, from 1 foot to 6 feet
The surface of the earth
deep.
was broken throughout the whole
course of the whirlwind, as with
the ploughshare of destruction.
Stones of many hundred pounds
weight, were rolled fro;n their beds.
Lots of wood were whirled into
promiscuous heaps, with roots and
The aptops, and top? and roots.
pearance presented by the track of
the u'hirlwind, indicated, as near as
the writer can judge from actual inspection, that the form of the cloud,
and the body of air in motion, was
that of an inverted pyratnid, drawing whatever came within its influence towards the centre of motion."
Wiiiclie^ter, N. H.
This pleasant town
N. by Swanzey and
Cheiteriield, E. by Riclituond, V*'.
by Hinsdale, and S. by Massachuis
Cheshire
bounded
setts
line.
co.
It
lies
1'^
miles S.
W.
from Keene, 65 S. W. from Concord, 80 \V. from Boston, SON. from
Hartford, Ct., and 12 E. from Brat-
41*
tlebo', Vt. Population, 1837, 2,500.
Tlie face of this town
is
diversified
with hills and valleys. The soil is
of an excellent quality, furnishing
in abundance, all the agricultural
products natural to this section of
the country.
Ashuelot river passes through the centre of this town,
affording a number of mill privileges, and is bordered on each bank
by extensive intervales, of a fertility rarely excelled.
There are other small streams running in various directions through
the town, affording facilities for water
power.
The
centre village is on the S.
E. bank of the Ashuelot, and the
principal street, running parallel
with its border, has a number of
dwelling houses, with stores and
shops, 3 meetinghouses, an elegant
district school house, saw and grist
mills, shops for turning wood and
iron, an extensive establishment
for the manufacture of musical instruments of all kinds, and 2 organ
manufactories; and, at the lower
end, the street is adorned with a
beautiful row of native ever-green
trees, which extends nearly half a
mile.
Two miles west is another considerable village, containing 1 large
woolen factory,
1
cotton factory,
1
satinet factory, saw, grist and oil
mills, two furnaces, together with
shop?, stores, meeting houses, &.c.
In the S. E. part of the town
there are saw mills, grist mills,
clothier's
works, and
1 satinet fac-
tory.
This town was sacked by the Indians, and the inhabitants taken
prisoners or driven off in 1745 or '6,
and did not return under about 5
years to resume the settlement of
The former name of the
the place.
town was Arlington, and it was incorporated by its present name in
1753.
VViiiclxcster, Ct.
Litchfield
co.
Winchester was
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Population,
incorporated in 1771.
The geological char1830, 1,76G.
acter of the town is primitive ; the
rocks consisting of granite, mica
The soil is gravelly,
slate, &c.
it affords good
hard and coarse
grazing, and its products of butter,
cheese and wool are considerable.
:
The Borough
of Clifton
was
in-
It is a flourcorporated in 1832.
ishing village, consisting of about
sixty or seventy dwelling houses,
and 4 mercantile stores.
The village is principally built in a narrow valley, on the banks of a mill
stream, called Mad river, which is
a tributary of Farmington river.
The valley at this place is but bare-
ly of sufficient width
admit of a
street, with buildings on each side,
the ground rising immediately in
every direction.
Westward of the
ergreen district," so named fror
the forests of hemlock and othe
evergreen trees with which i
abounds. These "Green Woods'
present one of the most impressive
scenes which can be found in an
American forest.
The branches
of the trees are thickly covered
with a deep green foliage, closely
interwoven overhead, nearly excluding the light of the sun.
The
scene forcibly reminds the contemplative traveler of the words of
Thomson, in his celebrated hymn
" Oh, ta'k of
Where,
Him
o'er Ihe
Fills the
in solitary
glooms
!
rock ihe scarcely waving pine
brown shaJe with a
'Wiiidl>ani,
religious
awe."
Me.
to
main street in the vill'age, a road
passes up a steep hill for nearly a
quarter of a mile, where, upon an
elevated plain, is an interesting lake
or pond, which is one of the largest
bodies of water in the state, being
3 1-2 miles in length and 3-4 of a
mile in breadth.
The outlet of
this lake presents a novel scene
it consists of a small stream, compressed within a narrow channel,
and literally tossed from rock to
rock till it unites with Mad liver.
Most of the manufacturing establishments in the village are situated on this outlet, upon which there
arts some of the
best natural sites
for hydraulic works in the state.
In this village are four large scythe
factories, one machine shop, and
five forges.
The ore to supply
these forges is brought from Canaan, Kent and Salisbury.
Winsted, or ihe East village, is
very pleasant, and contains a large
woolen mill, an extensive clock
factory, an iron foundry, and an
axe factory. This village is 26
miles N. W. from Hartford, 49 N.
by W. from New Haven, and 17 N.
by E. from Litchfield.
Winchester lies within the " ev-
Cumberland
co.
Windham
lies
on the N. E. side of Presumpscut
river, which separates it from Gorham. It is 76 miles S. W. from
Augusta, and 14 N. N. W. from
Portland.
This is a valuable farming town, and the inhabitants are
employed in agriculBranches of the Presumpscut give the town good mill privileges.
There are 2 pleasant villages in the town, some manufactures, and several beautiful fish
principally
ture.
ponds.
Population, 1837, 2,207.
"Windliam, N.
II.
Rockingham co.
This town is
34 miles S. by E. from Concord,
and 45 W. S. W. from Portsmouth.
Policy pond lies in this town and
Salem, about one half in each.
Cabot's pond lies E. of the centre
of the town.
Golden pond is in
the south, and Mitchel's in the
northeast part of the town.
Beaver river or brook forms the W.
boundary, upon which are some
meadow
lands.
The town
is
also
well supplied with small streams.
Windham was originally a part
of Londonderry ; and was detached
ond incorporated in 1739. The inhabitants, principally derived from
the first settlers of Londonderry,
have firmly adhered to the religious
�—
;
:
NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
principles of their fathers, to the
doctrines and forms of the presbyterian church as originally established in Scotland, and administered in this country.
Population,
1830, 993.
AViudliam, Vt.
Windham
the
AVindliaiu County, Vt.
JVewfane is the shire town.
This county is bounded N. by Windsor county; E. by Connecticut river
;
S.
by the
of
state
Massachuof Ben-
and W. by the county
nington.
It contains an
about 780 square miles.
tion, 1810, 26,760; 1820,
setts,
1S30, 23,748.
area of
Popula28,457;
Incorporated, 1789.
For some years it bore the name of
Cumberland. Population to a square
mile, 37.
The surface
of
much broken by
hills
county is
and valleys
very elevated,
the
the western part is
and contains a part of the Green
Mountain range.
The geological
character of the county is primitive.
Immense quantities of granite are found in all parts of the
county, both in quarries and boulders, most of which is of fine grain
and very handsome.
It also contains gneiss, hornblende, serpentine, primitive limestone, and mica, talcose,
chlorite,
and argellite
slates.
The soil of the county is various
from the rich and alluvial meadows
on the Connecticut, to the cold and
rugged lands on the sides of the
mountains. The general character
of the soil may be considered as
tolerable for grain and excellent
In 1837, there were
for grazing.
Some
76,532 sheep in the county.
of the wool is of a fine quality, but
generally it is about half blood.
Windham county is finely watered by Williams', Saxton's, and
West rivers, with their branches,
and by numerous other streams.
These waters give the county a
great hydraulic power, which is
rapidly coming into use for manufacturing purposes.
;
Branches of West,
CO.
Williams' and Saxton's rivers give
this town a good water power. The
surface of the town is elevated
soil,
though strong,
is
better
adapted for grazing than tillage.
About 4,000 sheep are kept here.
Windham was formerly a part of
Londonderry.
It is 30 miles N.
E. from Bennington, and 25 S. W.
fiom Windsor.
Population, 1830,
847.
The
actynolite
embedded
in talc,
found in this town, in slender
four sided prisms of a leak green
color.
The crystals vary in size ;
some are six inches in length and
an inch in breadth.
These crystals are abundant.
Chlorite, garnets, serpentine, and steatite are
is
also found.
Winclliani County, Ct.
Brooklyn
is
county town.
uniformly hilly,
is mountainous or
the
is
This county
yet no part of
very elevated.
is
it
The
prevailing
a primitive gravelly loam.
soil
The
greatest portion of the county is
stony and considerably rough, and
the lands generally best adapted for
grazing, and many sections afford
some of the richest dairy farms in
the state.
The Quinnebaug and
Shetucket, with their branches,
intersect this county, and afford
many valuable water privileges for
mills and manufacturing purposes.
The valley of the Quinnebaug river comprises the best land in the
The inliabitants of this
county.
county are more extensively engaged in the manufacturing business
than in any other county in the
Cotton and woolen goods
state.
are the principal
tured.
articles
manufac-
Windham county originally belonged to the counties of Hartford
and New London. It was incorporated as a county in May, 1726.
This county is bounded N. by
�ENGLAND GAZETTEEPw
NEVf
Massachusetts; E. by Rhode Island
S. by the county of New
London, and W. by ToHand county.
It contains aa area of about 620
square miles.
Population, ISIO,
28,611; 1820,31,634; 1330,27,077.
Population to a square mile, 44.
In 1837, there were 26,017 sheep
in Windham county.
In
memory
;
in
and the
The
co.
John
the
to
country
Windham,
in
for
Mason, James
throne,
fled
to
where he procured a
negro servant to attend him.
But
when advertisements and pursuers
were spread through this country, to
apprehend the adherents of the Protector, he left yirgi!ua,came to New
York, and from thence to Norwich. Still feeling that he should
be securer in a more retired place,
the
to this
first cellar,
new
plantation,
dug
and with his servant,
raised in Windham the first English habitation, in the spring of
1639. The settlers, rapidly increasing, petitioned the general court,
and obtained a grant of town privileges in May, 1692.
It was made
a county town in May, 1726."
Windham is bounded N. by the
towns of Hampton, Chaplin and
Mansfield ; E. by Franklin and
Lisbon, and W. by Lebanon and
Columbia.
It contains an area of
about 8 by 6 miles.
It has an
uneven
surface,
with
a
tolerable
soil.
The
is a copy of the
Lieutenant Gates'
monument, in the village burying
ground.
following
Inscription
on
ye support of ye Poor,
and another
Legacy for ye support
of ye School
in
said
town
He
in
for
ever.
died
Windliam,
July ye IGth, A. D.
first
in Virginia,
he came
and a generous
Legacy in Land
plate,
this
He landed
for safety.
Windham.
his last
CJiurch of Christ in
territory of
Fitch and others, in the year 1675.
" Lieut. John Caies, a pious puritan, who served in the wars in
England, holding his commission
under Cromwell, wlien Charles II.
came
setteiler in the
Will and Testament,
he gave a
generous Legacy
to ye first
town, Mansfield and Canterbury, was given by Joshua, a son of
Uncas, the celebrated Mohegan
to
of
Bv
this
sachem,
England,
first
Town
Wiiidliaui, Ct.
Windham
of
Mr. John' Gates.
He was a gentleman born
1697.
Since the removal of the county
courts from this place to Brooklyn,
and the establishment of the village of Willimantic, the ancient
village of Windham has somewhat
declined in its trade and population.
It is pleasantly located, compactly
and neatly built, and contains the
charm of antiquity, in as great perfection as can probably be found in
England.
This village is 30
miles E. from Hartford, 14 N. by
New
W. from Norwich, 44 W. S. W.
from Providence, R. I., and 12 S.
W. from Brooklyn. Population of
the town, 1820,2,439; 1830,2,812.
The Borough of Willimantic
is 3 miles W. from ^Vindham village.
It is well situated on Willimantic river: it is built principally
on one street, and contains some
very handsome buildings.
In this
village are six cotton mills, containing 13,000 spindles ; a paper
mill and a satinet factory.
This
nourishing village has grown up
in the course of a few years.
The
population of this borough, in 1837,
was
2,000.
JVillimantic River rises in tlie
county of Tolland, and with the
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEEPw
Natchaug, forms the Shetucket
in
Windham.
" Much pleasantry," says Mr.
Barber, " has been indulged at the
expense of the inhabitants of Wind-
ham, on account
of a sinjxular oc-
currence vvliich happened in the
year 175S, by which the inhabitants were very much frightened.
There is probably some exaggeration in the account, though the
foundation of the story is believed
to be a matter of fact."
We copy
it as an amusing relic.
" On a dark, cloudy, dismal night
in the month of July, A. D. 175S,
the inhabitants of V»'indham, a small
town in the eastern part of Connecticut, had retired to rest, and
for several hours, all were wrapped
when suddenin profound repose
ly, soon after midnight, the slumbers of the peaceful inhabitants
were disturbed by a most terrilic
noise in the sky right over their
heads, which to manj', seemed the
yells and screeches of infuriated
Indians, and others had no other
way of accounting for the awful
sounds, which still kept increasing,
but by supposing the day of judgment had certainly come ; and to
their terrified imaginations, the awful uproar in the air seemed the
immediate precursor of the clangor
of the last trumpet.
At intervals,
—
many supposed they
could distinguish the calling out of paticular names, as of Colonels Dyer
and Elderkin, two eminent lawyers, and this increased the general
But soon there was a rush
terror.
from every house, the tumult in
the air still increasing old and
young, male and female, poured
forth into the streets, " in puris
—
naturalibus,^^ entirely forgetful, in
their hurry and consternation, of
their nether habiliments, and with
eyes upturned tried to pierce tlie
Some
almost palpable darkness.
daring " spirits,'^ concluding there
was nothing supernatural in the
hubbub and uproar over head, but
rather, that they heard the yells
of Indians commencing a midnight
attack, loaded their guns and sallied forth to meet the invading
foes.
These valiant heroes, on
ascending the hill that bounds the
village on the east, perceived that
the sounds came from that quarter,
and not from the skies, as first believed, but their courage would not
permit them to proceed to the daring extremity of advancing eastward, until they had discovered the
real cause of alarm and distress,
which pervaded the whole village.
Towards morning the sounds in the
In the
air seemed to die away.
morning, the whole cause of alarm,
which produced such distressing
apprehensions among the good people of the town, was apparent to
all who took the trouble to go to a
certain mill pond, situated about
three fourths of a mile eastward of
This pond, hereafter,
the village.
in the annals of Fame, forever to
be called the Frog Pond, in consequence of a severe drought, which
had prevailed many weeks, had become nearly dry, and the Bull Frogs
(by which
it
was densely
j^ojju-
lated) at the mill fought a pitched
battle on the sides of the ditch
which ran through it, for the possession and enjoyment of the fluid
Long and obwhich remained.
stinately was the contest maintainand many thousands of the
ed
combatants were found defunct, on
both sides of the ditch, the next
;
morning.
It
had been uncommon-
ly still, for several hours before the
battle commenced, but suddenly,
as if by a preconcerted agreement,
every frog on one side of the ditch,
raised the war cry, Col. Dyer, Col.
Dyer, and at the same instant, from
the opposite side, resounded the
adverse shout of Elderkin too, ElOwing to some pecuderkin too.
liar state of the atmosphere, the
awful noises and cries appeared
to
the distressed Windhamites to be
directly over their heads."
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Windsor, Me.
Kennebec
some
Windsor was
co.
in-
corporated by tbe name of JVIalta,
in 1809.
In 1S21 it took the name
of Gerry, and in 1822 it received
present name.
It lies 12 miles
from Augusta, by which it is bounded on the west. Population, 1837,
Wheat crop, same year,
1,660.
5,947 bushels.
This town is watered by the upper branches of Sheepscot river,
and by several handsome ponds.
its
The
surface of the town is diversithe soil is generally good, and
its agricultural condition improving.
There are some manufactures
in the town.
fied
:
"Windsor, W. H.
Hillsborough
co.
This town con-
tains only 5,JJ35 acres.
sified
with
hills
:
its soil
mit of cultivation. The soil produces fine crops of grain, hay, vegetables and fruits
the lands are
peculiarly adapted for grazing, and
about 200,000 sheep graze on its
varied surface of hills and valleys
:
The
beautiful Connecticut, which
its whole eastern boundary,
gives to this county large tracts of
alluvial meadow land, and aftbids
it a navigable channel to the sea
board, for its surplus productions,
and for its wants from abroad.
The hydraulic power of Windsor
county is verj^ large, and its local
position is such as to induce men of
enterprize and capital to embark in
manufacturing operations, which
are annually increasing with fair
prospects of success.
washes
It is diver-
strong,
is
grazing, and for bread stufis,
of which quantities sufficient for use
at home, and some for the markets
Black pond, near the
are raised.
centre, is said to be 160 rods long
and SO broad and one near the S.
E. corner of the town, is about
SO rods long and 40 wide,
Windsor was formerly called
It was incorpoCa7n}')h€lVs Gore.
rated with town privileges in 1798.
Population, 1830, 226.
good
parts mountainous, but gen
erally, it is not too elevated to ad-
Windsor, Vt.
for
;
^?yindsor Comity, Vt.
Woodstock is the county town.
This county is bounded N. by the
county of Orange, E. by Connecticut river, S. by Windham county,
and W. by Rutland and a part of
Addison counties. It contains an
area of about 900 square miles.
Population, 1810, 34,877
1820,
38,233; 1830, 40,625: population
to a square mile, 48.
Incorporated
;
in 1781.
Windsor county is watered bj^
White, Queechy, Black, West and
Williams' rivers, and by other excellent mill streams.
The surface
of the county is uneven, and in
Windsor
co.
Windsor was
first
uneven, but there are but few parts
of it unfit for cultivation.
It consettled in 1764.
Its
surface
is
tains large tracts of alluvial meadow, and the uplands are generally
fertile.
Mill brook waters the
south part of the town, and furnishes it with excellent mill sites.
The manufactures of the town are
numerous and valuable. The agricultural interests are also valuable
10,000 sheep are annually
sheared in the town, and many
neat cattle, horses and productions
of the dairy are annually transported to its various markets.
This town has become the centre of an important commerce, both
from the river and a fertile interior
country.
The favorable position
of Windsor, as a place of trade,
was early discovered, and it has
been fortunate in possessing a succession of men, who, by their enterprise and wealth, have rendered
:
it one of the most flourishing towns
on Connecticut river.
Windsor is situated on the west
side of that delightful river, 55
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
miles S. by E. from Montpelier,
105 N. W. from Boston, 55 N. E.
from Bennington, 95 S. S. W. from
Burlington, and 127 miles above
Population, in 1820,
Hartford, Ct.
1S30, 3,134.
2,956
tine and soapstone.
It is 117 miles
from Boston, 18 N. N. E.
from Lenox, and J 2 E. N. E. from
Pittsfield.
Incorporated in 1771.
W. by N.
Population, 1837, 887.
;
The
Windsor is on elevated ground, on the bank of the
river: it is couipactly, and somewhat irregularly built, but very
beautiful.
There are but few villages in our country which make a
more delightful appearance.
It
contains a great
number
of hand-
some dwelling houses and
stores.
Some of the private houses, churches and other public buildings are in
a style of superior elegance.
This
is the site of the Vermont State
prison.
The streets are wide and
beautifully shaded.
The scenery
around Windsor is highly picturesque ; from the high lands across
the river, in Cornish, which is united to Windsor by a bridge, or on
the Ascutney at the south part of
the town, some of the best landscapes in our country are presented to view.
Windsor, Mass.
Berkshire co.
This town
is situa-
which
Housatonick and Connecticut. Branches of the Housatonick and Westfield rivers rise here.
There are
some good fish ponds in the town,
ted on the ridge of hiirh lands
divides the waters of the
but no
important streams.
The
surface of the town is much broken, but the soil is warm and linely
adapted for grazing. Thei-e ai-o
some excellent farmers in Windsor,
and the productions of the dairy
and of cattle are considerable. In
1837, there were 7,157 sheep in
the town, principally of the Saxony and Merino breeds. Their woo!
weighed 21,3S7 lbs., and sold for
$10,521.
This town
is
remarka-
longevity of its inhabitants
which is doubtless owing to
the purity of its air and water.
Windsor contains beds of serpenble for the
;
"Windsor, Ct.
village of
Hartford co.
This most ancient
town in Connecticut is situated on
the west side of Connecticut river,
6 miles N. from Hartford.
Population, 1830, 3,220.
The surface
of the town is generally level, hav-
ing some
extensive
The
plains.
various, and free from stone :
some of it is light, but a large proportion of it is fertile, containing
extensive tracts of rich meadow.
Farmington river passes through
the town, and meeting the Connecticut, gives the town a good hydraulic power.
There are in Windsor 4 paper
mills, 2 manufactories of cotton
batting, and factories of satinet,
Kentucky jean, wire, ccc. Tlie
business in these manufacturing
establishments is very considerable.
At a place called Pine Aleadow, at
the commencement of the locks on
the Enfield canal, a variety of ship
soil is
and other timber is prepared for
maiket.
Pine Meadow is opposite
to Warehouse Point, in East Windsor.
The
centre village in Windsor is
extended on the banks of
pleasant!}'
the Connecticut
:
sliaded, and
lightful prospects.
v.'ell
it
is
weU
built,
commands
de-
Poqiionnuck village is a few
miles N. from the centre.
It is a
manufacturing village, delightfully
situated at the head of navigation
on Farmington river.
" In 1631, Wahquimacut, an Indian sachem, living near Connecticut
river, made a journey to Plymouth
and Boston, and earnestly entreated the governors of each of the
colonies to send men to make setHe repretlements on the river.
sented the fruitfulness of the country, and promised the English, that
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
they would make a settlement, he
would annually supply them with
corn, and give them eighty beaver
if
skins,
" The governor of Massachusetts,
although he treated the sachem
and his company with generosity,
p^id no attention to his pi-oposals.
Mr. Winslow, the governor of
Plymouth, judged it worthy of atIt seems that soon after
that, he went into Connecticut, and
discovered the river and the adjatention.
captain, on the 25th of October
Curter protested against Hohnes,
the builder of the Plymouth house.
Some time afterwards, the Dutch
governor. Van Twiller, of Fort
Amsterdam, sent a reinforcement
to Connecticut, in order to di-ive
A
Holmes from the river.
party
of seventy men under arms, with
banners displayed, assaulted the
Plymouth house, but they found
it
so well fortified, and the men who
kept it so vigilant and determined,
cent parts. It appeared that the
earnestness with which the sachem
solicited the English to make settlements on the river, originated
from the distressed state of the rivPekoath, the great saer Indians.
chem of the Pequots, was at war
with them and driving them from
the country, and they imagined
that if the English made settlements on the river, they would assist them in defending tiiemselves
against their too powerful enemies.
that it could not be taken witho\it
bloodshed.
They therefore came
to a parley, and finally returned in
peace.
"Governor Winslow of Plymouth,
about sixty men, women and children, with their horses, cattle and
swine, commenced their journey
from Massachusetts, through the
wilderness, to Connecticut river.
After a tedious and dithcultjourney,
heing pleased with the appearance
of the country, having vinted it,
the
Plymouth people made prepar-
ations for erecting a trading house,
and establishing
a
small
company
upon the river. In 1G33, ^Villiam
Holmes, with his associates, having
prepared the frame of a house, with
boards and materials for covering it
immediately, put them on board of
a vessel and sailed for Connecticut.
Holmes landed and erected his
house a little below the mouth of
Farmington river, in Windsor. The
house was covered with the utmost
dispatch, and fortified with palisadoes.
The Plymouth people purchased of the Indians the land on
which they erected their house.
This, governor Wolcott says, was
the first house erected in Connecticut.
" In June, 1634, the Dutch sent
Jacob Van Curter to purchase lands
on the Connecticut.
He made a
purchase of about twenty acres at
Hartford, of Nepuquash, a Pequot
"
A
number
of
Mr. Wareham's
people came, in the summer of 1635,
to Connecticut, and made preparations to bring their families and
make a permanent settlement. After having made such preparations
as they judged necessary, they be-
gan
to
remove
pro])erty.
On
their families and
the 15th of October,
through swamps and rivers, over
mountains and rough grounds, which
were passed with great difficulty
and fatigue, they arrived safely at
the places of their respective des-
They were
long on
time
and pains were spent in passing the
river, and in getting over their
tination.
their journey,
and so
so
much
cattle, that after all their exertions,
winter came upon them before they
were prepared.
" About the beginning of December, provisions generally failed in
the settlements on the river, and
famine and death looked the inIn their dishabitants in the face.
tress, some of them in this severe
season attempted to go through the
wilderness to the nearest settlement
in Massacliusetts.
thirteen,
A
who made
company
the
of
attempt.
�NEW ENGLAND
one of their number, Avho, in
passing a river, fell through the
The other
ice and was drowned.
twelve were ten days on their journey, and had they not received assistance from the Indians, would
all have perished.
Such was the
general distress by the 3d and 4th
of December, that a considerable
part of the settlers w^ere obliged to
leave their habitations.
Seventy
persons, men, women and children,
were obliged, in the severity of
winter, to go down to the mouth of
the river to meet their provisions, as
the only expedient to preserve their
lives.
Not meeting the vessels
which they expected, they all went
on board of the Rebecca, a vessel
of about 60 tons.
This vessel, two
days before, was frozen in, twentj'^
miles up the river ; but by the falling of a small rain, and the influence of the tide, the ice became so
broken, that she made a shift to get
She however ran upon the
out.
bar, and the people were forced to
unlade her to get her off. She was
reladed, and in five days reached
Boston.
Had it not been for these
providential circumstances, the people must have perished from fam-
lost
GAZETTEER.
the
summer
came
following, the
settlers
companies, and the
settlements at Windsor, Hartford
and Wethersfield were firmly esin large
tablished."
The first of the four following
epitaphs is supposed to be the most
ancient monumental inscription in
the state.
Heere
Ephraim Hvit,
sometimes
lyeth
Teacher to ye chvrch of
Windsor, who
died September 4th,
1644.
Who when hee lived wee drew ovr vilall breath,
dyiii^ was ovr death,
Who when hee d.ed
Who was ye stay of s ate, ye chviches staff,
liis
Alas,
tlie lliiies
forbid an epitaph.
Here
vnder lyeth the body of
Henry Wolcot,
sometimes
aMaiestrate of this Ivrisdiction,
who died ye 30th day
of
May,
Anno
Salvtis 1G55,
iEtatis 77.
Here lyeth
the body of the
Hon. Roojer Wolcott, Esq.
of Windsor,
who
for several
ine.
" The people who remained and
kept their stations on the river, sufAfter
fered in an extreme degree.
all the help they were able to obtain, by hunting and from the Indians, they were obliged to subsist
on acorns, malt and grains. The
cattle, which could not be got over
the river before winter, lived by
browsing in the woods and meadows. They wintered as well, or
better, than those that were brought
over, and for which all the provision was made, and care taken, of
which the settlers were capable.
great number of the cattle, however, perished.
The Dorchester
or Windsor people lost, in this species of property, about two hunUpon the
dred pounds sterling.
breaking up of winter, and during
A
42
Governor of the
Colony of
years was
Connecticut, died
May
17th,
Salutis 1767,
iEtatis 89.
Anno
Earth's hishesf station enrfs in "Here he lies ;"
Aud " dust to dust" concludes her noblest soiig.
To
LL.
the memory of Oliver Ellstoorth,
D., an assistant in the Council, and
a judge of the Superior Court of the
State of Connecticut. A member of the
Convention which formed, and of the
Convention of Connecticut,
State
which adopted the Constitution of the
U. States. Senator and Chief Justice
of the U. States ; one of the Envoys
extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, who made the convention of
1800 between the U. Slates and the
—
French Republic. Amiable and exemplarv in all the relations of the domesand christian character.
tic, social
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Pre-eminently useful in all the offices
he sustained, whose great talents under the guidance of inflexible integrity,
consummate wisdom, and enlightened
zeal, placed him among the tirst of the
illustrious statesmen who achieved and
established the independence of the
American Republic, Born at Windsor
April 2yth, 1745, and died Nov. 26,
1807.
The
ancient boundaries of Wind-
extended 46 miles in circumference, lying on both sides of the
Within these limits there
river.
sor
were ten
distinct Indian tribes cr
sovereignties.
In the year 1670
there was a large Indian fortress
at Windsor, and nineteen natives to
one Englishman
but another race
has arisen
mineralogy
still in all, but its hisfame, it has a rival at the east,
in the
Winnepisiogee of New
Hampshire.
There are more than forty differ;
toric
ent
ways
name of
was formerly written
of spelling the
this lake.
It
as though it had six syllables; but
the pronunciation which has generally obtained with those best acquainted with the region of the
lake, and the Indian pronunciation
of the name, was
Win-ne-pesock-e.
The following authorities
show this
Winnapusseakit :
:
Sherman and
Ince's Report, 1652.
Winnipesocket
Bartlett's
:
Narra-
:
tive, 1708.
:
TVinnipissocay: Penhallow's Wars,
''The chiefs of other days are departed.
They have gone without their fame.
The people are like the waves of the
ocean
Like the leaves of woody Morven,
They pass away in the rustling blast,
And other leaves lift their green heads
on
menced during
the revolutionary
The
Population, 1830, 571.
surface is rough, and the soil not
very productive.
rises in this
town
good water power.
It passes through a part of Jamaica,
and joins West river in Londonderit
Wlnncpissocay
Wmnipeshoky
TVinnej^esocket
1746.
:
:
:
:
Petition, 1733.
Petition, 1744.
Stevens' Journal,
Surveyor Clement,
Winipiseoce: Theodore Atkinson,
war.
atTords
Canterbury char-
1746.
^Viiiliall, Vt.
Winhall River
:
ter, 1727.
Winepesocky
high.'"'
W^inhall is
Bennington co.
bounded on the W. by Manchester, and is 33 miles S. W. from
Windsor.
This town was chartered in 1761, and its settlement com-
and
1726.
TVinaposaivgue
a
1746.
Winnepesacket
:
Governor Shir-
ley, 1747.
JVinipesockee
Bryant's Journal,
:
1747.
Winnapessocket : Map of New
Hampshire, 1750.
Winipisoky : Hon. George Boyd,
17S5.
Winnepisiogee
:
The
present
mode
spelling, pronounced JVinipisoky, or Win-ne-pe-sock-e.
This lake is situated in the coun-
of
However romantic and
Its form is very
ty of Strafford.
irregular.
At the west end it is
divided into three large bays ; on
the north is a fourth ; and at the
east end there are three others.
beautiful Lake George, the charmer of all travelers, appears in its
elevation, the purity of its waters,
its depth, its rapid outlet, its 365
islands which bespangle its bosom,
general course is from N. W.
length is about 22
E.
its
miles, and it varies in width from
one to ten miles.
This lake is environed by the pleasant towns of
ry-
Winiiepisiogec
This
charms.
its
lake
lialce,
possesses
mountain scenery,
its
N. H.
singular
fish, its
Its
to S.
;
Moultonborough,
Tuftonborough,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Wolfeboroiis;h, Centre Harbor, Meredith, Gilford, and Alton, and overlooked by other deligtful towns.
The waters
of the Winnepisiogee
are remarkably pure, and its depth
in some places is said to be unfathomable. Its sources are principally
from springs within
bosom.
its
Its
the rapid river of its own
name.
Its height above the level
of the sea is 472 feet.
It is stored
with a great variety of excellent
fish: in the summer season, steam
boats, sloops and smaller vessels
ply on its waters, and in the winter season it presents an icy expansion of great usefulness and
outlet
is
beauty.
Like Cisco bay and Lake George,
this lake is said to contain 3G5
islands.
Without supposing the
days of the year to have been consulted on the subject, the number
IS
very great
;
of
several
comprise farms of from 200
which
to
500
acres.
The beauties of this lake were
thus described, by the celebrated
Dr. Dwight, many years ago.
" The prospect of this lake, and
its environs, is enchanting; and its
beauties are seen with great advantage from a delightful elevation a
little distance from the road towards
Plymouth. The day was remarkaNot a breath disturbed
bly line.
the leaves, or rutfled the surface
The sky was seof the waters.
rene and beautiful. The sun shone
with a soft and elegant lustre;
seems peculiar to that deweather, which from the
20th of September to the 20th of
such
as
lightful
October, so often
elicits
from the
mouths of mankind the epithet of
charming. Mildness tempered the
and serenity hushed the
heat
;
The
immense
world into universal quiet.
"Winnepisiogee
which
Its borders,
an
silvered
floated on
field of glass
tre
was
;
now
in full
by the
its
lus-
surface.
view, now
dimly retiring from the eye, were
formed by those flowing lines,
those masterly
sweeps of nature,
from which art has derived all its
apprehensions of ease and grace
alternated at the same time by the
intrusion of points, by turns rough
and bold, or marked with the highest elegance of figure.
In the
centre a noble channel spread
;
twenty-two miles before the eye,
uninterrupted even by a bush or a
rock.
On both sides of this avenue
a train of islands arranged themselves,
finish,
by
as if to
adorn
it
with the
which could be given only
their
glowing
verdure,
and
graceful forms.
" Nor is this lake less distinguished by its suite of hills, and mountains.
On the northwest ascends a
remarkably beautiful eminence,
called the Red Mountain
limited
every where by circular lines, and
in the proper sense elegant in its
figure beyond any other mountain,
among the multitude, which I have
examined.
On the south ascends
Mount Major; a ridge, of a bolder
At a
aspect, and loftier height.
still greater distance in the south;
east rises another mountain, more
obscure and misty ; presenting its
loftiest summit, of an exactly semicircular form, directly at the foot
of the channel above mentioned,
and terminating the watery vista
between the islands, by which it i?
bordered, in a magnificent manner.
On the northeast the great Ossipee
raises its long chain of summits
with a bold sublimity, and proudly
looks down on all the surrounding
region.
" As we did not cross the Winnepisiogee, I am unable to determine
in what manner an excursion on its
compared with
which I made on Lake George.
That the internal and successive
waters might be
that
Winnepisiogee
beauties of the
strongly resemble, and nearly approach those of Lake George, I canThat tliey
not entertain a doubt.
exceed them seems scarcely credible.
But the prospect from the hill
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
the head of Centre Harbor is of the Piscataqua, rises in a swamp
superior to that from Fort between Hampton and N. HampGeorge; a fact of which hardly ton, and passes north into the Great
any thing could have convinced Bay at Greenland.
me, except the testimony of my
Wiuoosldl City, Vt.
The Winnepisiogee
own eyes.
See Burlington.
presents a field of at least twice
the extent.
The islands in view
Winslovr, Me.
of finer forms,
are more numerous
Kennebec co. This is a beautiThe
and more happily arranged.
The ex- ful town, opposite to Waterville it
shores are not inferior.
pansion is far more magnificent; is watered by Kennebec and Sebasand the grandeur of the mountains, ticook rivers, by several ponds, and
particularly of the Great Ossipee, by a fine stream, a branch of the
Its water power is
can scarcely be rivalled. It can- Sebasticook.
The soil
not be remarked without some sur- constant and abundant.
prise, that Lake Geoi-ge is annually of the town is fertile ; the surface
is
diversified, and rendered provisited by people from the coast of
England and that the Win- ductive by industrious and indepenWinslow is 18 miles
nepisiogee, notwithstanding all its dent farmers.
accumulation of splendor and ele- N. by E. from Augusta. It was
Population,
gance, is almost as much unknown incorporated in 1771.
Wheat crop, same
to the inhabitants of this country, in 1837, 1,557.
as if it lay on the eastern side of year, 6,910 bushels.
the Caspian." See Centre Harbor.
at
much
;
:
New
;
Wintlirop, Me.
Winnepisiogee River, W. H.,
Is the great outlet to the lake of
Kennebec
CO.
This town is finehaving a fertile soil, an
undulating surface, and comprising
six beautiful sheets of water
the
Cobbessecontee and some of its trib-
ly situated,
and issues from the
that name
It
southwest arm of the lake.
thence passes through two bays
between Meredith and Gilford, en- utaries. The largest of these lakes
tering the Great Bay in the north- or ponds is ten miles in length, and
From from one to three miles in width.
east part of Sanbornton,
thence it passes through two other These waters give to Winthrop a
bays, forming the boundary between valuable water power, and which is
Sanbornton on the northwest, and partly improved by a large cotton
Gilmanton and Northfield on the mill, a flour mill, carding and cloth
and unites with the dressing establishments, saw mills,
southeast;
;
;
Pemigewasset a short distance beThe stream
low Webster's falls.
is rapid in its course, and has a fall
of 232 feet from the lake to its
junction with the other branch of
this name being
the Merrimack
given to the confluent stream.
There are also in the town
extensive manufactures of leather,
boots and shoes.
&.C.
The principal village is delightfully located, in the form of a cres-
the union of the North
extending into Readfield,
There are numerous bridges over about six miles, with the South lake
which also extending into Monmouth, about
the Winnepisiogee
furnishes many excellent privileges the same distance. This village is
10 miles W. from Augusta.
The
for factories or other machinery.
East village likewise is pleasantly
See Merrimack River.
situated at the northern extremity
Winuicut River, W. H.,
of the large lake, and is about 6
Or the TVinniconett, a tributary miles from Augusta.
:
;
cent,
lake,
at
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
These
villages
are neatly built,
and are nourishing places of business.
The
lakes add mucJi to the
The descent
beauty of the town.
of their banks is gently sloping,
with a dispersion of acclivities,
which serve to heighten the beauty
their waters are
of the scenery
deep, clear, and ai"e stocked with
an abundance of trout, pickerel,
perch, and other fish.
There is in this town an elevated
:
of land containing an inexhaustible quantity of iron ore, or the
material from which copperas is
manufactured.
Large quantities
of copperas were made here during
the late war, and it is thought that
this ore might be advantageously
used in times of peace.
tract
Winthrop is an excellent farming
town, and the moral character of
its inhabitants is said to be uncom-
monly good.
It was incorporated
Population, 1837, 2,003.
crop, same year, 5,194 bush-
in 1771.
Wheat
els.
lumber
and ship building, this
largely and profitably engaged in the fisbery, for which purplace
it is admirably
located.
The
tonnage of this district in 1837, was
suit
11,662 tons.
The village of Wiscasset is delightfully situated on rising ground,
in view of the harbor.
The court
house, churches, stores, and dwelling houses are built with taste, and
many of them with elegance.
more beautiful village is rarely
seen.
A
"Woburn, Mass.
Middlesex
Wiscasset, Mc.
WisShire town.
casset is a port of entry, situated
on the west side of Sheepscot river, 20 miles from the sea ; 24 miles
S. S. E. from Augusta, 42 N. E.
from Portland, and 10 N. E. from
Bath.
It was incorporated in 1760.
Population, 1837, 2,24G.
Wiscasset contains a noble harbor for vessels of the largest class
it is easy of access and seldom obstructed by ice.
For many years
previous to the commencement of
the commercial restrictions, in 1807,
"Wiscasset was one of the most active and flourishing sea ports in
Maine. During the disastrous period which followed, Wiscasset suffered severely, in common with all
towns largely engaged in naviga:
tion.
Since the termination of the war
the town has been slowly but safely
progressing in wealth and prosperity.
In addition to its commerce in
42*
This town
co.
is sit-
uated 10 miles N. W. by N. from
Boston, 12 E. by N. from Concord,
and 14 W. from Salem.
It was
incorporated in 1642, and first settled in 1640.
Population, 1830,
1,977; 18.37, 2,643.
There are some elevations in Woburn which give the surface a variegated and pleasing aspect. There
considerable
is
Lincoln co.
is
wood land
in
the
town, and some pine plain land;
but the soil is generally strong,
fertile and well improved.
It contains
some beautiful farms.
The manufactures
of the town
consist of leather, boots, shoes, india rubber, chairs, door sashes,
blinds, tin, cabinet and wooden
wares
value, the year end1837, $421,042.
Horn Pond in this town is a delightful sheet of water, surrounded
:
total
ing April,
1,
by evergeens, and
is
so
remarkable
for its rural beauties as
many
to
attract
from a distance. This
pond serves as a passage for the
visitors
Middlesex canal it also furnishes
town with a water power of
The waters of this
some value.
and several smaller ponds in Woburn fall into Mystic river, through
Mystic pond in Medford.
;
the
Wolcott, Vt.
Wolcott is well
Lamoille co.
watered by Lamoille river, and by
Green and Wild Branch, its branch-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
" Fish Pond," in Wolcott, is a
63.
pretty piece of water, and bears
There is
an appropriate name.
some good grain land in the town,
but most of the lands are fit only
There are some
for pasturage.
mills in the town, and about 1,500
sheep.
Wolcott was chartered in 17S1.
It is 22 miles N. from Montpelier,
and 7 S. E. from Hyde Park. Population, 1830, 492.
Wolcott,
Ct.
New Haven co. This is a small
town, watered by abranchof Naugatuck river
22 miles N. from
;
New
Population, 1830,
Haven.
843.
The town was incorporated
in 1796.
The territory was formerly a parish in the towns of Farmington and Waterbury and from
that circumstance was called " Farmingbury."
The lands in Wolcott are elevated, rough, stony, and
One of the
hard to cultivate.
;
highest
hills
in
state lies in this
part of
this
town
:
it
the
commands
Long
a very extended prospect of
Island Sound
country.
and
the
adjacent
Wolcottville, Ct.
See Torrington.
siderable magnitude, called Crook
ed, Rust's, Barton's, and Sargent's
ponds.
There is a bridge over
Smith's river about 60 feet long,
near its entrance into the lake
Near this bridge is a pleasant vil
lage.
The charter of Wolfeborough
was granted in 1770, to Gov. John
Wentworth, Mark H. Wentworth
Gov. Wentworth, distinguished for his enterprise and
and others.
taste, and a fondness for agricultural
improvements, erected a splendid
mansion about 5 miles east of the
bridge, and made it his summer
residence.
At the foot of a hill, near one of
the ponds in this town, is a mineral spring, the waters of which are
of a quality similar to those of Saratoga, but not so strongly impregnated.
Population, 1830, 1,928.
Wouasquatucket River, R.
Providence
This
and after passing
nearly through that town, it runs
between North Providence and
Johnston, and forms the head of
Providence river.
This stream is
celebrated for its hydraulic power
and the numerous manufacturing
establishments erected on its banks.
co.
This town
"Woodljridge, Ct.
is
45
miles N. N. W. from Portsmouth,
and 45 N. E. from Concord.
It is
bounded S. E. by Brookfield and
New
Durham,
S.
W. by Winne-
pisiogee lake and Alton, N. E. by
Ossipee, and N. W. by Tuftonbo-
rough.
The
soil is rocky, but producand the face of the country
level.
The wood is principally oak
and other hard timber. The only
river is Smith's, so called from a
hunter of that name it issues from
a large pond of the same name in
the S. E. part of the town, and
discharges its waters into the lake.
There are four other ponds of con-
tive,
:
co.
Smithfield,
in
Wolfeljoroiigli, N. H.
Strafford
I.
river rises
New Haven
co.
The
territory
of this town belonged to the towns
of
Haven and Milford, and
was called the parish of " Amity,"
from 1739, until its incorporation in
1784.
West river runs on the west
side of West Rock, a range of mountains on the eastern border of the
town.
The surface of the town is
New
but the soil is excellent for
and much butter and
cheese is annually taken to the
New Haven market, from which it
hilly,
grazing,
Population, in
6 miles S. W.
1830, 844.
The regicides, Goffe and Whalley, had a number of places of concealment in the limits of Woodlies
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
bridge, the most noted of which is
Hatchet Harbor or the Lodge, near
a beautiful spring, in a valley, about
Haven.
7 miles from
New
"Woodbury, Vt.
Washington co.
Woodbury is
watered by branches of Onion and
Lamoille rivers, and contains a
greater number of ponds than any
other town in the state.
These
ponds afibrd a great variety of fish.
Woodbury
lies 15 miles N. by E.
from Montpelier. Population, 1800,
23; 1820,432; 1830,824.
AVoodljury, Ct.
Litchfield
co.
The
Woodford contains several large
ponds, from which issue branches
of Woloomsack and Deerfield livThere is a good deal of Avild
ers.
scenery on the road in crossing the
mountains from Bennington through
Woodford and Searsburt-h: the
gurgling of the streams down the
mountain sides, allay, in a great
degree, the fatigue of the jourThe greater part of this
ney.
township is too elevated and broken
It is a good locafor cultivation.
tion for the sportsman ; for fish and
fowl are abundant, and the deer,
the bear, and other wild animals,
roam with almost undisputed sway
settlement
town commenced in the
year 1672 in 1674, it was incorpo-
Wood's Hole, Mass.
of this
:
See Falmouth.
rated.
This
a good grazing
township
the soil is generally warm and fertile.
Between four and five thousand sheep are annually sheared in
is
Woodbury.
The
village is situated in a pleasant valley, and watered by a number of small streams, which foim
the Pomperaug.
surrounded
by high hills on every side, forming
a kind of amphitheatre, which renIt is
ders it strikingly romantic.
The
village contains some handsome
buildings, three satinet, one tin and
This place lies
two nail factories.
Haven,
25 miles N. W. from
36 W. S. W. from Hartford, and 15
Population, in
S. from Litchfield.
1830, 2,049.
Bethel Rock, near the village of
New
AVood River, R.
I.
;
See Hopkinton.
AV^oodstoclc,
Me.
A
part of this townOxford CO.
ship is mountainous ; but it contains
large tracts of undulating, fertile
land.
It is
bespangled with beau-
ponds, forming mill streams,
which pass to Little Androscoggin
tiful
river.
Woodstock was incorporated
in
42 miles W. from
Augusta, and 10 N. W. from Paiis.
1815.
It
lies
Wheat
Pop\ilation, in 1837, C99.
crop, same 5'ear, 2,669 bushels.
Woodstock, Vt.
Shire town, Windsor county.
This town was first settled about
waIt is well
Woodbury, is about forty feet in the year 1768.
height, and projects over 3 or 4 tered by Queechy river and its
branches, which propel a woolen
feet, forming a kind of shelter from
There is a fine mill, a scythe and axe factory, an
the wind and rain.
This spot is fre- establishment for the manufacture
grove near it.
quently visited it excites solemn of woolen machinery, and several
smaller manufacturing works.
and pleasing impressions.
The soil of the town is gencially
Woodford, Vt.
very fertile, with a pleasant surface
Bennington co.
This mountain of hills and vales. The agricultulown is 7 miles E. from Benning- ral productions are large and valuathey consist of beef, pork, button, on the road to Brattleborough. ble
ter, cheese, apples, cider and wool.
Population, 1830, 395.
:
:
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
of which 9,000 fleeces
in 1837.
were shorn
" Woodstock Green," so
called,
is
a beautiful village. It is the seat
of a flourishing country trade, and
contains many veryhandsome buildings.
The court house, planned,
and built under the supervision of
Ammi B. Young, Esq., a native architect of great promise, is one of
the most chaste and classical structures in New England.
The south
village is neat and pleasant: it is
about 5 miles from the "Green."
Woodstock lies 46 miles S. from
Montpelier, and 11 N. W. from
Windsor. Population, 1830, 3,044.
"Wootlstocic, Ct.
Windham
co. Woodstock is bounded N. by the Massachusetts line,
E. by Thompson, W, by Union and
Ashford, and S. by Pomfret and
Ashford. It is 8 miles long, and
upwards of 7 in breadth. The surface of the town is characteristicalhilly, but not mountainous or
broken, and comprises very little
Vi^aste land, most or all of the eminences being capable of cultivation.
The prevailing soil is a deep gravelly loam, which is strong and fertile.
It is best adapted to grazing,
but generally admits of tillage ;
and considerable quantities of grain
are annually raised, consisting principally of rye and corn ; and it may
be considered one of the richest ag-
ly
ricultural towns in this part of the
state.
There are 4 woolen and 4
cotton factories in the limits of the
town. There are also about 900
persons engaged in the shoe making business, principally in the
western part of the town. The
town is divided into three parts,
viz. the old society of Woodstock,
West Woodstock or
Roxbury,
and Muddy Brook society or North
New
Woodstock.
The
villages of Thompson, North
Killingly, and Dudley in Massachusetts, on corresponding eleva-
view, from the village in Old Woodstock, which is 41
miles E. N. E. from Hartford, 32 N.
tions, are in fair
from Norwich, 32 W. N. W. from
Providence, and 12 N. by W. from
Brooklyn. First settled, in 1686.
Population, 1830, 2,915.
The village of Muddy Brook, or North
Woodstock, is about three miles
distant, situated in a beautiful valley, through which Muddy Brook,
a fine mill stream, passes.
The
village is in two parts, in each of
which is a Congregational church,
upwards of one mile distant from
each other.
village are
The houses
in
this
more clustered than
in
any other part of the town, and
viewed fi-oia the surrounding hills
present an uncommonly beautiful
appearance. The west part is called "Village corner."
General
William
Eaton", a
consul to Tunis, from 1797 to 1803,
and the hero of Derne, in 1804, was
born in tliis town in 1764. He died
at Brimlield, Mass., in 1811.
" Gen. Eaton was a very extraordinary character ; he possessed
much original genius, was bold in
his conceptions, ardent in his pas-
determined in his resolutions,
and indefatigably persevering in
sions,
conduct.
He possessed considerable literary acquirements, and
the style of his writings was characteristic of his mind ; bold, energetic and decisive.
His courage
was equalled only by his resolution, and the boldness of his enterprises, by his ability and persever-
his
ance
to
execute them."
Wooltvicli, Me.
Lincoln co. Woolwich lies a little above Bath, on the east side of
Kennebec river, 32 miles S. from
Augusta, and 7 W. from Wiscasset.
PopIt was incorporated in 1759.
Woolwich
ulation, 1837,
1,433.
has several ponds and small streams,
and its navigable privileges are
valuable.
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
'Wooiisoclcet Falls, R.
I.
factures in the county of Worcester was $11,407,790: the number
of sheep in the county was 24,901;
value of the wool, ^37,207.
See SmitJifield.
"Worcester, Vt.
Washington
co.
This town
Worcester, Mass.
is
situated 10 miles N. from Montpelier and 30 E. by S from BurlingPopulaFirst settled, 1797.
ton.
tion, 1820, 44, and in 1S30, 432.
branch of Onion river gives the
town a good water power, and
which is used for various purposes.
Much of this township is mountainous ; but there is some good land
along the stream, and the high-
County town, Worcester co. This
town was incorporated in 16S4, but
consequence of Indian hostilithe tirsttown meeting was not
held until 1722.
This part of the
country was called by the Indians,
Quinsiganiotid, and Tatmuck and
JBogachoak hills were Indian resiin
A
ties,
dences.
The
lauds afford pasturage for cattle.
Worcester County, Mass.
Worcester is the county town.
This county was incoi-porated in
try,
New
of
the
the
salubrity
of
its
climate,
1820, 2,962; 1830, 4,172;
1835, 6,624; 1837, 7,117.
There are in Worcester 8 woolen,
3 cotton and 2 paper mills ; an air
and cupola furnace, 9 woolen machinery factories, 3 tin factories,
and manufactures of coaches, chaises, boots, shoes, hats, cutlery, chairs,
cabinet ware, ploughs, straw bonnets, palm-leaf hats, wire, lead
lation,
water power is abundant in almost every town, and perhaps in
no section of New England are the
Its
commerce
and manufactures more completely
blended
nor can there be found
;
better resources for their united
support.
Its principal rivers are
the Blackstone, Quinabaug, Nashua, Ware, Millers, and Mill. There
are in this county 54 towns, and 64
inhabitants to a sqimre mile.
In 1837, the valu^of the manu-
situation
and the industry, intelligerce and
wealth of its people, have long
since entitled it to the honor of being called the chief town in " the
Heart of the Commonwealth." The
town is situated in a valley, and
surrounded by hills of gentle acclivity.
It is well built and beautifully shaded, and travellers from
every direction, are delighted with
its neatness and beauty.
A number of the streams which
form the head waters of the Blackstone meet in this town, and furnish a considerable water power,
Worcester is 40 miles W. from
Boston, 51 E. from Northampton,
38 S. W. from Lowell, and 41 N. N.
W. from Providenc«|, R. I. Popu-
1731. Population, in 1S20, 73,635;
It
1830, 84,365; 1837, 96,551.
contains an area of 1,500 square
miles.
This county crosses the state from
Hampshire on the north, to
Connecticut and Rhode Island on
the south.
It is bounded W. by
the counties of Franklin, Hampshire, and Hampden, and E. by
Norfolk and Middlesex counties.
This is the largest county in the
Its territory is larger than
state.
the state of Rhode Island, and its
population is greater than that of
Its surthe state of Delaware.
face is rather undulating than hilly.
The soil is generally strong, and
produces all kinds of grain, grasses,
fruits, &.C. common to its climate.
interests of agriculture,
central
town, both in regard to the county
and state, the fertility of its soil
and that of the surrounding coun-
pipe, paper machinery, &c.
i
:
total
value, the year ending April 1,
1837, $1,042,369.
Worcester is the centre of a large
inland trade. The Blackstone ca-
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
from Providence, R. I., 45 miles
terminates here
and
here is a permanent depot on the
great western rail road from Boston
Wortliiugton, Mass.
nal,
in
length,
;
Hampshire co. This town has a
good soil it is pleasantly situated
on elevated ground it has some
mineral treasures, and is washed by
It is
a branch of Westfield river.
103 miles W. from Boston, 55 E.
from Albany, N. Y., and 17 W. N.
W. from Northampton. Incorpora:
:
to the
Hudson
This
is
literary,
river.
the seat of
many religious,
and philanthropic
societies.
The State Lunatic Asylum,
tablished in this
town
in 1S32, is
es-
an
institution honorable to the nature
It is a beautiful building,
of man.
delightfully located, and admirably
conducted. Its plan and arrangements are so excellent as to render
it a model for similar institutions
in other states.
This institution
ted, 1763.
Population, 1837, 1,142.
The manufactures
of Worthington consist of leather, hoots, shoes,
curtains, children's wagons, and
hats: annual value, about $50,000.
In 1837, there were sheared in
the
this town 9,050 merino sheep
:
is
a receptacle
for all persons arraigned as criminals, but found to have committed
the offences in a state of insanity ;
of paupers, and of those who are
so furiously mad as to render their
continuance at large dangerous to
the community.
Although the worst cases of insanity are found here, yet experience has proved that there are very
few cases of derangement which
m?i\ not be ameliorated by the
kindly influence of humane treatment. The average recoveries, to
the present time, is about 56 pr. ct.
wool weighed 27,000 pounds, and
sold for $16,875.
Wrentliain, Mass.
Norfolk CO.
There is a large
pond near the centre of this town,
from which issue several streams
which flow to the Charles, NeponIn this town are
set and Taunton,
one woolen and four cotton mills,
an axe manufactory
boat building to a considerable extent and
manufactures of boots, shoes, hats,
hoops and straw bonnets. The total value of the manufactures of
this town, for the year ending April
The American Antiquarian So- 1, 1837, was $204,806; of which
By $77,815 was for straw bonnets,
ciety, Avas founded in 1812.
Wrentham is a pleasant town,
the liberality of the late Isaiah
Thomas, LL. D., one of its tirst with a tolerable soil and diversified
It was taken from Dedbenefactors, a spacious hall was surface.
Population, 1837,
erected in 1820, for the reception ham in 1673.
2,817,
of its large and valuable cabinet of
family of Indians once resiantiquities, and its library of about
12,000 volumes of American pub- ded in a cavern in this town, called
" Wampum's Rock," which place
lications, particularly of all works
The Indian
pertaining to American history, and is rather a curiosity.
;
;
A
name of the town was WallomaMr, Thomas was the father of pogge.
Wrentham is 27 miles S. by W.
New England printers. He pubfrom
lished the first newspaper in this from Boston, and 15 S. by W.
town, in 1775, and, a few years af- Dedham. This town is bounded S.
He E. by Mansfield, and within the reter, the first bible in America.
was a gentleman of great patri- gion of a vast bed of anthracite coal.
He was born
otism and liberality.
Yautic River, Ot.
in Boston, January 19th, 1749, and
literature generally,
died in this town, April 4, 1831.
New Lond^
co.
This stream
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
by several branches in the
northwest part of the county, and
passing- in a southeast course meets
the united waters of the Quinnebaug and Shetucket at Norwich,
where tlie waters of the three rivrises
ers fail witli
party of MoheIndians plunged themselves
down the Yantic falls, when pursued by their foes, the NarraganIt is said that a
gan
sets.
Ifarmoutli, Mass.
Yarmouth exBarnstable co.
tends across Cape Cod, and has a
There
good harbor on each side.
are several ponds in the town, from
which issue a small stream, called
Bass river, and from which a small
water power
is
derived.
The
soil
of the cape here becomes thin,
sandy and unproductive. The people of this
town are principally de-
voted to the fishing business, coasting trade, and the manufacture of
There are, however, some
manufactures of vessels, cordage,
wares,
leather, cabinet and tin
Some
chairs, boots and shoes.
sheep are kept, but the agricultursalt.
A
large
productions are small.
of vessels are engaged in
the coasting trade, and in 1837, 13
vessels, of about 50 tons each, were
employed in the cod and mackerel
fishery
the product, that year,
al
Yarmouth
Barnstable, and lies 72 miles S. E.
Incorporated, 1639.
Population, in 1830, 2,251 ; 1837,
from Boston.
2,454.
great rapidity, form-
ing the Thames, and producing a
valuable hydraulic power.
See
JVorwich.
number
:
was .$26,622.
During that year there were
in
operation in this town, 52 establishments for the manufacture of common salt, and 4 for the manufacThe quantity
ture of Ep^om salts.
of common salt made was 365,200
bushels.
The value of common
salt was $109,560; of Epsom salts,
Hands employed, 55.
$1,350.
In 1S37, there were in the state
of Massachusetts 743 establishments
for the manufacture of salt
753,392 bushels v/ere made, valued at
:
employing 708 hands.
bounded W. by
is
$246,059,
York County, Me.
Alfred is the county town. This
county is bounded N. by Oxford
county, N. E. by the county of
Cumberland, E. by the ocean, S.
by Portsmouth harbor, and W. by
Strafford county, N. H.
It comprises an area of about SIS square
miles.
Its population in 1810, was
41,877; 1820,46,233; 1830,51,722;
Population to
and in 1837, 53^781.
The surface
a square mile, QQ.
of the county is rough and uneven,
but not mountainous; its highest
elevation
is
Mount Agamenticus.
hard and rocky, particularly on the sea coast, which exThere is,
tends about 35 miles.
however, much good land within
it prothe limits of York county
duces large quantities of English
and salt liay, potatoes and other
vegetables, corn, and some wheat;
but the latter grain is not so abundant in this as in the more eastern
counties.
The quantity of wheat
grown in this county in 1837, was
but 17,795 bushels. There is much
good grazing land in the county,
and in 1837, there were 60,392
sheep within its limits.
The sea coast is lined with fine
harbors tor the fishery, and many
Its soil is
:
vessels are built of native timber.
The county contains many capes,
points and necks of land, on which
are well conducted light houses.
The tonnage of the three districts
within the county, Saco, Kenne
bunk and York, in 1837, was 11,505
tons.
York county contains many
and the
excellent mill streams
value of its hydraulic power is be;
be seen and felt.
ancient county was the
lodgement of some of the first setSee Saco.
tlers of New England.
ginning
This
to
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
York, Me.
York CO. This is an ancient maritime town, on the coast, between
Kittery and Wells,
It is bounded
W.
South Berwick.
This was
for many years the shire town, and
the place of holding the courts and
keeping the records for the whole
h-;
piovincc,
until
the
counties
of
Cumbei-hmd and Lincoln were set
off in 1730.
The town was incorporated in 1653.
York has a court house and gaol,
but all the county courts have been,
within a t'cw years past, removed to
Alfred. The principal harbor is York
river, about 6 miles from Portsmouth, N. H., with water sufficient
for vessels from 200 to 300 tons bur-
The
entrance, however, is
being narrow and crooked.
The oiher harbor is cape Neddock,
about 4 miles N. E. of the former,
navigable about a mile from the
sea at full tides only
it having a
sand bar at its mouth, sufficient to
prevent vessels of any considerable burthen from passing at low
water.
Cape Neddock and Bald Head are
the head lands.
The former is a
little to the south of cape Neddock
river.
At the end of this cape is a
small hillock called the Nubble, on
which Congress has recently authen.
difficult,
;
tb-orised
house.
the
Boon
erection of
Island lies
a
J^ight
about 9
miles southeast of this point.
Bald
Head makes the S. W. part of Wells
bay.
The settlement of this place began about the year 1630 it was
then called Agamenticus, from a
mountain of that name in the north
part of the town. This is of considerable elevation, and a noted land
mark. From its summit, there is
an extensive prospect bounded by
the great ranges of the N. H.
mountains on the N. and N. W.,
and the Atlantic on the coast from
Cape Ann to Cape Elizabeth.
This town was nearly destroyed
by the Indians and French in lfl92,
who, coming on snow shoes, surprised the unwary inhabitants at
early morning.
This calamity was
so desolating, that the few remaining inhabitants had thoughts of
abandoning the place altogetlier
but a number remained, though
suffering under severe privations
from the destruction of almost every
thing that could give them shelter
or sustenance.
The population of the town in
1830, was 3,485 ; but has been reduced since that time, by the annexation of a portion of its northern
angle to South Berwick. Its population in 1837, was 3,001.
York is situated 99 miles S. W.
:
from Augusta, 45 S. W. by S. from
Portland", 22 S. S. E. from Alfred and
9 N. by E. from Portsmouth, N. H.
�1
APPENDIX.
CENSUS OP
NEW ENGLAND— 1840.
MAINE.
York.
Acton,
1401
1408
1693
Alfred,
Berwick,
Buxton,
2687
2574
Biddeford,
Cornish,
I2()3
Elliot,
1889
2363
2435
Hollis
Kittery,
Kennebunk,
2323
Kennebunk Port. ..2770
Lebanon,
2273
Kimerick,
Limington. ^^
1509
..
Minot,
Naples,
New
Lyman
1478
IVewfield
1254
JVorth Berwick, ...1447
Parsonsfield
2442
Sanfurd,
2233
Saco,
4408
Shapleiirh,
1510
South Berwick, ...2314
Waterborough,... 1944
Wells,
2978
York,
3111
.
54.023
Gloucester,.. 1946
Baldwin,
Bridgton
Brunswick,
1134
1987
4259
Cape Elizabeth,. .. 1666
Cumberland,
1616
Danville,
1294
Durham,
1836
Falmouth,
2071
Freeport,
2662
Gorham,
3002
1740
Gray,
Harpswell,
Harrison;
1448
1243
43*
,
Stoneham,
Otisfield
Stow,
1307
Poland,.'
2360
Portland, (City).. 15.218
Sumner,
Sweden,
Pownal,
Turner,
Raymond
Scarborough,
Sebago
Standish,
Windham
Westbrook,
1210
2032
2173
707
2198
2303
4116
"687660
Oxford.
Albany,
Andover
Bethel...
Brownfield,
Buckfieid,
Bvron,
Canton,
Denmark,
Dixfield,
Fryeburg,
Greenwood,
Cumberland.
1133
227
1 444
313
376
Porter,
Roxbury,
R u mford
North Yarmouth, ..2824
.221
.
3550
758
Gilead,
Hartford,
691
551
1994
1360
1629
219
919
1 143
1166
1536
836
313
1472
945
1232
Hebron,
Hiram,
Howard's Gore, ....131
Hamlin's Grant,
80
Lovel,
Livermore,
Mexico,
Newrv,
Norway,
Township C,
2154
1002
Ill
."...29
Andover, N. Surplus, .45
Riley Township, ....51
Letter A, No. 2,
54
No. 4, first Range,. ...4
Fryeburg Acade- > .co
my
Grant,
Number two
'
3
386
Batchelder's Grant, ...3
38,339
Lincoln.
Alna,
Bath,
Boothbay,
Bowdoin,
Bowdoinham,
Bremen,
Bristol,
Gushing,
Dresden,
Edgecomb,
Paris,
Sly
.
Friendship,
Peru,
1381
No. 5, first Range,. .49
No. 5, second Range, .42
941
Oxford,
670
2479
\Vaterrord,
VV^codstock
Township B,
2745
447
463
1786
J246
1269
989
5143
2631
2073
2402
837
2946
791
1647
123o
725
Georgetown,
13.07
Jefl'e^son,...
2214
ewistown,
ItOl
1531
1713
New Castle,
Nobleborough, ....2210
I
Lisbon,
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
6
1657
1604
Bradford,
Bradley,
George,
'i094
Brewer,
Thomaston,
Topsham,
6227
Phipsburg,
Richmond.
St.
1883
1784
.3661
1133
Union,
Waldoborough,
Webster,
Warren,
Washington,
Westport,
. .
2228
1600
655
2142
2314
1416
Whitefield,
Wiscasset,
Woolwicli,
Patricktown Plan- )qqq
tation,
)
Matinicus Island, ..177
77
Monhegan,
10
Matinicus Roclv,
Matiiiic Iiland,
19
51
Muscle Ridge,
Ragged Island,
Wooden
17
Ball Island, ..9
"63^512
Kennebec.
1624
5314
1748
2675
2818
Albion,
Augusta,
Belgrade,
China,
Clinton,
168
1016
1046
Dearborn,
Fayette
Greene,
Gardiner,
Hallovvell,
5044
4668
Leeds
1736
Litchfield,
2293
1882
1475
2460
2037
987
2190
Monmouth,
Mount Vernon,
. .
Pittston
Readfield,
Rome,
Sidney,
Vassalborough,.
Vienna,
Waterville,
.
Burlington,
Carmel,
Corinna,
Corinth,
Charlestown,
Chester,
Dexter,
Dixmont,
Etna,
Eddington,
Edinburgh,
Enfield,
Exeter,
Garland,
Glenburn,
Greenbush,
Hampden,
Hermon,
Howland,
395
1 736
350
521
1702
1318
1269
277
1464
1498
745
595
52
346
2052
1065
664
260
2663
1045
312
351
336
Kirkland,
La Grange,
Lee,
Levant,
Lincoln,
Lowell,
724
1060
1121
Milford,
Newburg,
Newport,
Orono,
Orrington
Oldtown,.'
Passadumkeag,
Plymouth,
Springfield,
Stetson,
Jarvis Gore,
97
474
963
1138
1520
1580
2345
394
843
546
616
185
22
Township No. 3,
41
Township No. 4,
Township 3,Range 8, 29
Lower IndianTown-^
1201
1789
Windsor,
Winlhrop,
•Winslow,
Clinton Gore,
Wales,
Territory north of
Albion,
No. 2,
5
Hopkins Academy )
1915
1722
110
656
Wayne,
ship, west branch >37
of PenobscotRiver,^
r.
Indian Township, )
Grant,
Letter A,
Unincorporated
.2951
891
>
oo
'"
)
55.8(
4
.891
Belfast,
4194
Belmont,
Cambden,
1378
910
609
3005
Frankfort,
3603
Brooks,
Burnliam,
Freedom,
Hope,..
1153
1770
Islesborough,
778
Jackson,
652
Knox, .'.
897
Liberty,
895
Lincolnville,
2048
Monroe,
1602
Montville,
2153
Northport,
1207
Palermo,
1594
Prospect,
3492
Searsmont,
1374
Swansville,
919
Thorndike,
897
Trov,
1376
Unity,
.....1467
Vinalhaven,
1950
Waldo Plantation,.. 721
41235
185
2939
. .
A ppleton,
205
Maxfield,
Mattamisconsis,
Waldo,
1001
Hancock.
Amherst,
BJuehiil,
Brooksville,
Bucksport,
Castine
Cranberry Isle,
Isle,
155
1054
Eiiswoth,
2267
502
Franklin,
GoLildsborou.jh, ...1196
223
Greenfield,
Hancock,..
^
r.
Orland,
Otis,
29
~)
Penobscot,
Sedge wick,
Townships north > 147
Sullivan,
of Einroln
Surry
^
WcsthalfofTown-K
ship No. 6,
Township No. 7
^
3
30
45.705
Argyle,
Bangor, (City)
527
8634
1188
Eastbrook
Eden,
Deer
Mariaville,
Mount Desert,
)
3015
238
455
2841
Dedham,
Waltham,
Swan Island,
Township No.
760
275
1889
1418
88
1474
1922
650
857
232
284
33,... 34
21 ...37
"
"
2,... 27
Plantation No. 1,....88
Strip North No. 1, ..23
'^
Penobscot.
149
196
1891
1246
Aurora,
"
�APPENDIX.
Welmore
139
129
Plantation No. 7,
61
" 10, ....19
Trenton,
lOGl
Isle,
Seaville,
Bear Island,
Beach Island,
11
8
Pickeringt's Island, ...14
Spruce Head,
12
Little Spruce Head, ..6
Butter Island,
8
Eagle
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
8
Franklin.
Aroostook.
Avon,
827
442
522
Berlin,
Carthage,
Framingham,
Amity,
Belfast
169
Academy
'
c
)
Chesterville,
1098
Hodgden,
Farmington,
2613
8J8
Houlton,
Freeman,
Industry,
Jay,
King-field,
Madrid,
New
New
Sharon,
Vineyard
Phillips,
Salem,
Township No.
"
"
No.
No.
No.
No.
1,
3d
3, 1st
2, 1st
3,
2d
249
2,
,.,
)
"^"^
\
11,
311
^^
i
\
i
2198
46
i
3d Range
Township No. 1,
2d Range,....
•
6
4
Bigelovv Township, . .37
Township Letter E,.. 77
" No. 2, 2d Range, 82
" No. 1.4th " 163
"
"
^
Range, ....
Township No. 1.
^^,
4th Range. ....\"^'^
Township No. 2,
,
1045
Wilton,
3, 2d Range,
" 4, 2d
"
" 4,1st "
)'"
1st
-.953
No.
S"
2d Range,
Linnens,
Township No.
1,
,
•••i'*
|
,„
i
"^^
'
,
'
|
^,,
i
"^'
'
3d Range,....
Orient (i ore,
68
Township No. 9,
50
Township No. 3,
j,^
'"^^
2d Range,
Smyrna,
184
New Limerick, ....123
Letter A, 1st Range, 177
Williams Coll. Grant.85
Bridgewater Acad. Gr.51
\
"
52
"
7
"
9
" 216
'
i
\
20,800
2,5th Range,..
J
No. 3,5th Range,... 100
"
;
Range,
Weston,
Township No.
„
)
3d Range,
1109
Temple,
Weld,
5,
Township A, 2d
5(il
Strong,
665
1597
Township No.
1035
1750
G71
3G8
1829
927
1312
,..
141
)
r^
t
Cirant,
16
Westfield,
3
Letter A, 5th Range,. 15
No. 1, 5th Range,
22
Benedicta, or No. ; ^^^
'^^^
4,
"
. .
"
...'743
9,''
48
'•
"
Nos. 7 and
"
a',
No.
10, 5th
.294
Range J ,.^
^^^
or Masardis,....
i
No. 11,5th Range,... 45
"
13,3d
"
...66
"
...58
"
...96
Plymouth and Ea^„
""^
ton Grant,
Letter G, 2d
"
K, 2d
)
i
Letters H andJ.lst ,q,
^^*
and 2d Range,
)
Plymouth Grant, ...200
Letter G,
27
Fort Fairfield, or
)
^^
^^
Letter D,
No. 3, 6, and 7th
) .^
^
j
^^
Ranges,
j
Madawaska, South
)
ofSt.John'sRiver,
I
Madawaska,North
)
.-q.
^^^*
of St.John'sRiver,
^^-^
^^^°
)
9;4l3
RECAPITULATION.
York County,
Penobscot,
54,023
Cumberland, ....68.660
Oxford,
Lincoln,
Kennebec,
Waldo,
Hancock,
Washington,
38,339
63,512
55,804
Somerset,
45,705
41,535
28,646
28 ,.309
33,912
Piscataquis,
Franklin,
Aroostook,
13,138
20,800
9,413
501,796
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Rockingham.
Atkinson,
Brentwood,
Candia,
Chester,
Danville,
Deerfield,
Derry,
East Kingston,
Epping,
Exeter,
Gosport,
Greenland,
Hampstead,
j
567
888
1430
2173
538
1 953
2034
551
1234
2985
115
726
890
I
j
I
!
I
I
I
I
I
I
Hampton,
Hampton
Falls,
Kensington,
Kingston,
Londonderry,
Newcastle
Newington,
New Market,
Newtown,
1320
646
647
1032
1556
742
543
2746
541
626
428
1205
1408
525
1392
Rye,
Salem,
Sandown,
Seabrook,
South Hampton,.... 462
875
Stratham,
....926
Windham,
North Hampton,... .885
Northwood,
1182
Nottingham,
1193
Plaislowe,
Poplin,
7887
989
Portsmouth,
Raymond,
45,790
Strafford.
Harrington,
..1845
�APPENDIX.
Dover,
6458
Northfield,
Durham,
1498
Pembroke,
Faiinington,
1
380
Pittsfield,
Lee,
906
Madbury,
489
483
Salisbury,
Sutton,
Middleton,
Milton
New
1322
1032
2431
Duiham,
Rochester,
Somersvvorte,
"22,248
Belknap.
2002
1945
Alton,
Barnstead,
Centre Harbor,
584
2472
Gilmanton,
3485
Meredith,
5314
IS'ew Hampton,.. .. 1812
Sandbornton;
2745
Gilford,
18,359
Carroll.
Albany,
406
553
523
Brookiield,
Chatham,
Conway,
1811
Eaton,
Effingham,
1710
1 95
Freedom,
926
Moultonborough, ..1752
Ossipee,
2170
Sandwich
2625
Tarn worth,
1716
Tuftonborough,. . . . 1281
Wakefield
1396
VVolfeborough, . ...1918
!
Bow
Bradford,
Canterbury,
Chichester,
Concord.
Dunbarton,
Epsom,
...
Franklin,
Henniker,
Hooksett,
Hopkinton,
,
455
Hillsborough.
Amherst,
Antrim,
1565
1225
Bedford,
1549
Brooklme,
652
Deering,
1 124
Francestown,
1308
Goffstown,
2366
Greenfield
834
Hancock,
1345
Hillsborough,
18U8
Hollis,
1333
Hudson
1144
Litchfield,
481
Lyndeborough, ....1033
Manchester,
3235
Mason,
] 275
Merrimack,
1113
Milford,
1455
A.ount Vernon,
720
Nashua,
6054
New Boston,
1570
New Ipswich,
1578
Felham,
1033
Peterborough;
2i()3
Sharon,
251
Society Land,
133
Temple,
576
Weare,
2375
Windsor,
Wilton,
177
1033
42,478
Alstead,
Chesterfield,
1169
1965
1001
Fitzwilliam,
1.331
Gilsum,
1643
1 028
4903
950
1205
1281
1715
1175
Dublin
. .
1454
1765
1075
1366
656
1755
863
2015
.4546
2065
26,430
Sullivan.
Acworth,
Charlestown,
Claremont,
1450
1722
3217
Cornish,
172G
958
Croydon,
Goshen,
Grantham,
Langdon,
Lempster,
Newport,
679
1034
615
941
1958
1552
1252
1218
Plaiiifield,
Springfield,
Unity,
VV'ashington,
Wendell,
1
10.3
...795
20,318
Grafton.
Alexandria,
1284
Bath
Bethlehem,
Bridgewater,
1591
Bristol,
779
747
1153
Campton,
1513
1576
Canaan,
413
Covcutjy,
Dame's Gore, .... ...54
800
Danbury,
769
Dorchester,
Ellsworth,
.300
1514
Fnfield
Franconia,
Grafton,
Groton,
Hanover,
Haverhill,
Hebron,
Hill,
52.3
1201
870
2613
2675
508
999
1528
957
Holderness,
I
andaff,
Lincoln,
Lisbon,
754
76
1682
Littleton,
1773
1141
1411
2611
831
Lebanon,
Richmond,
626
836
1165
1496
Lyman,
1785
Lyme,
Nash and Sawyer's ) .«
Rindge,
1161
Location
Orange,
Hinsdale,
Jaftrey,
Keene
Marlborough,
Marlow,
Nelson,
24M Roxbury
Loudon, ..,.,
1640
Newbury, ....,,. ...816
New London, ,,,,,1019
Westmoreland,.
Winchester,
2159
1212
Cheshire.
Merrimack.
Boscawen,
1361
Swanzey,
Troy,
Walpole,
36,282
19,982
Allenstown,
Andover,
1413
1336
1719
1332
2383
^2021
Strafford,
Warner,
Wilmot;
9
Stoddard,
Sullivan,
Surry,
286
1006
496
,481
Orford,
1
)
463
1707
057
Piermont,
1
Plymouth,
128?
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
10
Rumney,
] J
Clarksville,
Colebrook,
Warren,
4
1045
938
Waterville,
1119
Wentworth,
Woodstock,
G2
472
1
Land,
Thornton,
States
42,215
ColleiTe Grant,
Errol,
706
Cambridge,
116
5
Jackson,
Carroll,
213
Jett'erson,
Coos.
3
Columbia,
620
Crawford's Grant, ....9
Dalton,
664
Dummer,
57
Dixvilie,
4
Gorliam,
Hart's Location,
Hale's Location,
Bartlett,
Berlin,
88
743
Pittsburg,
.-.
104
156
44
6
315
584
575
Kilkenny,
Lancaster,
Milan,
19
1316
386
Millsfieid,
12
JNorthumberland, ...399
Pinkham's Grant,. . . .39
Randolph,
115
Shelburne,
350
Stark,
349
Stewartstovvn,
630
Stratford
441
Whitefield,
751
Wentworth's Locat. 25
,
9,849
REtAPITULATION.
Rockingham Co.. 45.790
Strafford,
22;248
Belknap,
18,35!)
Carroll,
19,982
Merrimack,
36,282
Hillsborough, ...42,478
Cheshire,
26,430
Sullivan,
20,318
Grafton,
Coos,
42,215
...9,849
283,951
VERMONT.
Bennington.
Arlington,
Bennington,
Dorset,
Glastenbury,
Land grove,
Manchester,
Marlboro',
1035
3129
1432
53
3-1.5
Peru,
1590
578
Pownal,
I(il3
Readsboro',
Rupert,
Sandgate,
1091
Searsboro',
Shaftsbury,
120
1885
Stamford,
Sunderland
Woodford,'.
Winhall,..
767
777
662
437
457
576
i(),o/7
1027
1403
Newfane,
Putney,
1.382
Rockingham,
2330
262
Somerset,
Stratton,
'
.341
Townshend,
Vernon,
Wardsboro"
Westminster,
Whitingham,
Windiiam,
Wilmington,
,
Acton,
Athens,
Brattleboro',
Brookline,
Dover,
Dummerston,
Guilford,
Grafton,
Halifax,
Jamaica,
Londonderry,
15-i6
Chittenden,
Clarendon,
170
Danby
.373
F'airhaven,
Wells,
1296
Windsor.
Andovor,
Barnard,
Baltimore
1403
2194
1769
644
1549
1379
Bethel,..'.
Bridgewater,
Cavendish
Chester, ..'
Hartland,
Hartford,
2624
328
729
Hubbardston,
633
719
Ludlow,
Norwich
Ira,
4.30
Plymouth,
1263
2525
1326
1399
1586
1216
Middletown,
Mendon
,
Mount Holly,
Mount Tabor,
Orwell,
Pawlet,
Pittsford,
545
1057
1356
226
1504
1748
1927
774
740
c'J.liJi
757
Rutland.
Benson,
Brandon,
West Haven,
1391
27,431
Castieton,
Windham.
1345
705
1 1 02
615
Poultney,
1880
Rutland,
2708
Sherburne, ........498
Shrewsbury,
1218
Sudbury,
796
Tinmouth,
781
Wallingford,
1608
Pittsfield,
Ponifret,
Reading,
Rochester,
Royalton,
Sharon,
Stockbridse,
Springfield,
878
1774
J55
1886
1363
1427
2305
2341
2194
1363
2218
1417
1774
1363
1396
1917
1371
1419
2626
�APPENDIX.
Weathersficld, ....2082
Weston,
Windsor
Woodstock,
10L52
2744
3315
40.359
11
Huntington,
Hinesburgh,
914
1682
1684
2136
1054
1098
Jerico,
Milton,
Richmond,
Shelburne,
St.
LTnderhill,
Addison.
Addison,
Avery's Gore,
1229
78
1233
1480
1163
Bristol,
Bridport,
Cornwall,
Ferrisburgh,
545
Goshen.
Hancock,
Lincoln
621
45,5
770
^..(302
Middlebury
31G1
1310
1503
670
Monkton,
IN'ewhaven
Panton,
Westford,
,
Ripton
3.57
Starksboro,'
1263
1675
942
1017
797
283
Shorehani,
Salisbury
,
Vergennes,
Weybridge,
Waltham,
VV'hitinir,
660
Williston,
Fairlee,
Newbury,
Oranyfe.
Randolph,
984
2o78
Strafford,
1761
Thetford,
20G5
Topsham,
1745
1811
1198
Tunbrid;,^c,
Vershire,
Washin:jton,
West
1;359
Fairlee,
824
Williamstown, ....1620
27.873
Marshfield,
Middlesex
Montpelier,
Moretown,
Monroe,
Northfield,
Plainfield,
Roxburv
Waitsfield,
Warren
Waterbury,
Worcester
4271
18
Colchester
Charlotte,
Essex,
,
470
1739
1620
1824
Swanton,
Sheldon
24.5.'^2
Orleans.
Albany,
Barton,
BrowniniTton,
Charleston,
Coventry,
Goshen Gore, by
Plaintield,
Lowell
Morgan,
Newport,
Salem
Goshen Gore, by
Walden, ......
Groton,
Hardwick,
Harris Gore,
Kirby,
Lyndon,
Newark,
Peacham,
Ryenrate,
Sheffield,
Johnsbury,
Walden,
Waterford,
Wheelock,
431
422
591
299
856
Troy..
Westfield
370
Westmore,
2G33
)
883
605
970
308
Jay, ..."
1440
Danville,
1151
1681
1119
Holland,
Irasburgh,
2030
50
997
Burke,
Cabot,
920
892
486
786
786
Craftsburv,
Derbv...."
Glover.
Greensboro,'
Caledonia.
Sutton,
Chittenden.
Richford,
St. Albans,
23.50G
Barnet,
Bradleyvale,
1014
1410
2106
2292
548
914
2702
2312
1734
Georgia
Highgate,
Montsi.mery,
2126
1598
1709
820
635
1156
1270
3725
1128
1C92
2013
880
784
1048
943
1992
587
Duxbury,
Fayston
24/18
Fletcher,
Franklin,
554
1919
Fairfield
Washington.
Barre,
Berlin,
Calais
St.
Burlington,
Buel's Gore,
Bolton,
1
2022
Fairfax
22.978
Okange.
1655
1232
1789
1959
1970
644
2579
Enosburgh,
1.352
"23,569
Bradford,
Braintrce,
Brookfield,
Chelsea,
Corinth.
Berkshire,
35
1206
1818
Bakerstield,
131
1441
17.55
Granville^
Leicester,
George,
Franklin.
Avery's Gore,
Coventry Gore,
..44
122
10
13,634
'
^
)
.142
^
928
1354
16
520
175.3
3(i0
1443
1223
821
1887
lOliS
913
1388
...881
:
Lamoille.
207
1790
Belvidere
Cambridge
Eden,
Elmore
Hydepark,
Johnson
'
Mansfield,
Morristown,
Stowe,
Sterling
Waterville,
Wolcot,
702
476
1080
1410
223
1502
1371
193
610
...824
10,388
JiSSEX.
21.891
Averill,
Bloomfield,
II
179
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
12
Brunswick,
130
157
378
1024
79
105
Brighton;
Canaan,
Concord,
Easthaven,
Granby,
470
124
Guildhall,
Lemington,
Lunenburgh,
Maidstone,
271
140
...28
Victory,
Winlock,
4,226
Grand Isle,
Isle La Mott,
North Hero,
724
435
716
664
South HerO;
3,883
Grand
Isle.
1344
Alburgh,
1130
RECAPITULATION.
Bennington Co., .16,877
Windham,
Chittenden,
Washington,
27,431
Caledonia,
30,701
Franklin,
40,359
Orleans,
23,569
27,873 'Lamoille,
Rutland,
Windsor,
Addison
Orange,'
22,978
23,506
21,891
24,532
13,634
10,388
Essex,
Grand
Isle,.
.4,226
.3,883
291,848
MASSACHUSETTS.
Middlesex.
Suffolk.
Boston,
Chelsea,
93,470
2390
"957860
Acton,
Ashby
Bedford,
Billerica,
Boxborough,
Essex.
Amesbury,
2471
Brighton,
Burlington,
Andover,
5207
Cambridge,
Beverly,
Boxford,
Bradford,
Danvers,
Essex,
..4G89
941
2225
Carlisle,
Georgetown,
1453
1540
Charlestown,
Chelmsford,
Concord,
Dracut,
Dunstable,
Gloucester,
63()3
Framingham,
5020
Hamilton,
817
Haverhill,
43.37
Holliston,
Ipswich,
3001
9375
701
1356
Hopkinton,
Lexington,
5.575
Lowell,
Lynn,
Lynnfield,
Manchester,
Marblehead,
Methuen,
Middieton,
Newbury,
Newburyport,
Rockport,
Rowley,
Salem,
Salisbury,
Saugus,
Topsfield,
Wenham,
West Newbury,
.
2251
657
3789
7161
2647
1203
15,083
2740
1098
1067
690
. . 1560
95,017
Groton,
Lincoln,
Littleton,
Maiden,
Marlborough,
Medford,
Townsend,
1121
1246
929
1632
426
1425
510
8409
556
11 483
1697
1784
2188
603
3034
2136
1782
2245
1642
686
937
20,816
Natick,
2514
2098
2478
1285
Newton,
3351
Pepperell,
1571
Reading,
Sherburne,
2193
995
Shirley,
957
South Reading,..,. 1517
Stoneham,
1017
Stow,
1230
Sudbury,
1422
Tewksbury, *...•».. 906
1892
870
Tyngsborough,
2504
Waltham,
1810
Watertown,
998
Wayland,
West Cambridge,.. 1363
Westford,
Weston,
Wilmington,
Woburn,
1436
1092
859
...2990
106,635
Worcester.
Ashburnham,
Athol,
Auburn,
Barre,
Berlin,
Bolton,
Boylston,
Brookfield,
Charlton,
Dana,
Douglas,
Dudley,
Fitchburg,
Gardner,
Grafton,
Hard wick,
Harvard,
Holden,
Hubbardston,
Lancaster,
Leicester,
1652
1589
649
2751
763
1186
797
2472
2117
691
1618
1352
2604
1260
2940
1789
1579
1874
1784
2019
1707
2069
Leominster,
Lunenburg, ....... 1272
�APPENDIX.
Mendon,
Hampden.
3524
1772
2163
752
Korthborough, ....1248
1448
Northbridge,
North Brookfield,..1485
1038
Oakham,
1742
Oxford,
671
Paxton,
1775
Petersham,
Phillipston,
918
1348
Princeton,
1667
Royalston,
1260
Rutland,
Milford,
Millbury,
INew Braintree,
Shrewsbury,
Southborough^
1481
145
2031
1604
1647
Sterling,
2005
Sturbridge,
2370
Sutton
1776
Templeton,
1466
Upton,
2004
Uxbridge,
1290
Warren,
1403
Webster,
Westborough,
1655
West Boylston, ...1187
1645
Westminster,
1754
Winchendon,
7497
Worcester,
1
Southbridge,
Spencer,
95,305
13
Blandford,
Brimfield,
Chester,
Granville,
Holland,
1425
1419
1627
1414
423
Longmeadow,
1270
Ludlow,
1267
Monson,
2151
Montgomery,
740
Palmer,
2139
Russell,
956
South wick,
1214
Springfield,
10,985
Tolland,
627
Wales,
686
\^ estfield,
3524
West Springfield,.. 3626
Wilbraham,
..1864
37,357
Charlemont,
1610
992
1081
1127
Coleraine,
1971
Conway,
Shelburne,
Shutesbury,
Sunderland,
1410
1912
309
798
1758
978
897
875
632
282
1267
1305
1673
1502
703
1022
987
720
Warwick,
1071
Bernardston,
Buckland,
Deerfield,
Erving,
Gill,
Greenfield,
Hawley,
Le verett,
Amherst,
Belchertown,
2551
Leyden,
2554
Chesterfield,
1132
1239
717
976
556
971
824
1816
932
1715
Monroe,
Montague,
Cummington,
Easthampton,
Enaeld,
Goshen
Granby
Greenwich,
Hadiev,
Hatlield
Middlefield,
Northampton,
Norwich,
Pelham,
Prescott
South Hadley,
3750
750
956
905
780
1458
Southampton,
1
Plainfield,
Ware,
Westhampton,
Williamsburg,
Worthington,
159
1380
759
1308
1198
30,886
3761
1097
Sandisfield,
1464
Savoy,
915
Shetlield,
2322
Stockbridge,
1992
1477
Tvringham,
Washington,
989
W. Stockbridge, ...1449
Williamstown,
2153
Windsor,
900
Pittsfield
Richmond,
Franklin.
Ashfield,
Heath,
Hampshire.
Great Barrington,..2704
Hancock,
922
Hinsdale,
957
Lanesborough,
1140
2428
Lee,
Lenox,
1304
Mt. Washington, ...438
227
New Ashtbrd,
New Marlborough,. 1682
Otis,
1177
576
Peru,
New
Salem,
Northfield,
Orange,
Rowe,
Wendell,
Whately,
875
...1069
41/?54
Norfolk.
Bellingham,
Braintree,
Brookline,
'.
1055
2168
Dedham,
1265
1995
1470
3291
Dorchester,
Dover,
4875
520
Foxborough
1298
1717
883
Canton
Cohasset,
Franklin....'
Medfield,
Med way,
Milton,
2043
1822
Needham,
1488
Quincy
Randolph,
Roxbury
3486
3213
9089
Sharon.
Stoughton,
2142
Walpole,
Weymoutli,
.3738
'.
Wrentham,
1076
1491
2915
53,040
2';,829
Plymouth.
Berkshire.
Adams,
3703
Alford
481
1342
65
Becket,
Boston Corner,
Cheshire
Clarksburg,
Dalton,
Egremont,
Florida,
44
985
370
1255
1038
441
Abington,
Bridgewatcr
Carver,
3514
Hingham,
3567
2131
995
Duxbury,
2798
Elast Bridgewater,. .1950
....734
Halifax,
Hanover,
1488
Hanson,
1040
Hull,
231
�14
Ni:\V
ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
Kingston,
]-]{()
Freetown,
rvJai'siitield,
i7{iU
Mansfield
New Bedford,
Norton,
INIiddleborouijh, ...dV/oo
N. Bndg'e water, ...2bi6
Pembroke,
1258
Plymouth,
oiol
Plynipton,
Sol
Rochester,
387,)
Scituate,
3886
Ware li am,
SOCi
W, Bridgewater,...120l
47,38b
1772
1382
12,087
1545
Paw tucket,
.2184
1329
2169
1996
1005
1489
Raynham,
Rehoboth,
Seekonk,
Somerset,
Swanzey,
Taunton,
Westport,
Bristol.
3584
Dartmouth,
4142
Brewster,
1378
Chatham,
2074
3952
6738
Dennis
Eastham,
Fall River,
1974
Provincetown,
Sandwich,
Truro,
2122
3719
1920
2377
2554
VVellfleet,
Yarmouth,
32,240
Duke's.
Chilmark,
Edgartown,
Tisbury,
702
1736
1520
Barnstable.
Attleborough,
Berkley,
Dighton,
Easton,
Fai- haven,
2589
2930
Orleans,
7645
2820
60.177
BSG
Falmouth,
Harwich,
Barnstable,
4302
522
2334
2942
955
3,958
1
Nantucket.
Nantucket,
9,051
RECAPITULATION.
Suffolk
Co
Essex,
Middlesex,
Worcester,
Hampshire,
Hampden,
95,860
95,017
106,635
95,305
30,836
37,357
Franklin,
Berkshire,
Norfolk,
Plymouth,
Bristol,
Barnstable,
28,829
41,754
53.040
47,386
60,177
32,240
Duke's County,.... 3958
Nantucket,
9051
737.43^
RHODE ISLAND.
Providence.
Middletown,
N e wport,
New Shoreham,
8333
...1069
East Greenwich,... 1509
Warwick,
6726
West Greenwich, ..1416
13,084
891
Cranston,
1982
2902
Cumberland,
5224
Portsmouth,
1706
Foster,
2131
Tiverton,
3183
Burrilville,
Gloucester,
2308
Johnson,
2477
North Providence.. 4207
Providence City,. 23, 172
Scituate,
4090
Smithfield,
9534
"58"',077
16,874
Washington.
Charlestown,
Bristol.
Barrington,
Bristol,
Warren,
549
3490
2438
^477
1776
Hopkinton
1726
North Kingston, ...2909
Richmond,
1361
South Kingston, . . .3718
Westerley,
1912
Newport.
Jamestown,
365
Little Compton, ...1327
14,325
Kent.
Coventry,
923
Exeter,
3433
RECAPITULATION.
Bristol,
Newport,
6,477
16,874
Kent,
Providence,
13,084
58,077
Washington,
14,325
108,837
�.
APPENDIX.
15
CONNECTICUT.
Hartford.
Avon,
1001
Berlin,
Bloomfield,
Bristol,
Burlington,
Canton
East Hartford,
East Windsor,
Enfield,
Farmington,
Glastenbury,
Granby,
Hartford City,
Hartford except
Hartland,
Manchester,
Marlborough,
Simsbury,
Southington,
Suffield,
Wethersneld,
Windsor,
3411
986
2109
1202
1735
2389
3600
2648
2041
3077
2609
9468
Cit.3325
1060
1695
713
1895
1887
2669
3824
..2283
55,627
Griswold,
Groton,
2166
2963
2195
Lebanon,
Ledyard,
1871
1052
Lisbon,
Lyme,
2856
Montville,
1990
New London,
5517
North Stonington,.2270
Norwich City,
4200
Norwich except ) onqn
^..M6J
City,
Preston,
1727
809
3898
2329
Salem,
Stonington,
Waterford,
44,458
CUy,
:.
N&vv Haven.
Bethany,
,r,-r
5^2,6
12.^5
Danbury,
4503
1080
3654
Fairfield,
1171
1323
1529
Branford,
Cheshire,
3294
)
Brookfield,
Darien,
Greenwich,
Huntington,
3054
28,057
Litchfield.
Barkhamstead, ....1573
Bethlem,
776
Canaan,
2166
Colebrook,
1234
Cornwell,
1703
Goshen,
1629
Harwinton,
1201
Kent,
1759
Litchfield,
4038
New
New
Hartford,
Milford,
1708
3974
.Norfolk,
1393
Plymouth,
Roxbury,
2205
971
2551
2407
1707
873
1622
1442
1666
1947
Salisbury,
Fairfield.
Bridgport City,
Bridgport except
Woodstock,
3921
1328
1355
>haron,
Torrington,
Warren,
Washington,
Watertown,
Winchester,
Woodbury,
40.445
Middlesex,
Derby
East Haven,
2852
Monroe,
JNew Canaan,
1382
New
Guilford,
Hamden,
2390
1797
Newtown,
Nor walk,
Madison,
Meriden,
Middlebury,
1788
1880
761
Redding,
Pudsefield,
Sherman,
9.38
Milford,
2455
Stamford,
Middlelown
Middletown
Weston,
3516
1808
1205
2561
West
1802
Westbrook,
New
Haven
City, 12,960
"New Haven except Citv..
..1430
.
North Branford, ...1016
North Haven,
1349
Orange,
Oxford,
1329
1625
548
1542
2255
3668
633
958
Prospect,
Soutnbury,
Wallingford,
Waterbury,
Wolcott
Woodbridge,
48,641
Fairfield,
Stratford,
Trumbull,
Port,
Wilton,
Bozrah,
Colchester,
East Lyme,
Franklin,
Durham,
1095
East Haddam,
2625
2598
Haddam,
1136
Killingworth,
City,. .3511
ex-
cept City,
Savbrook,
)
ncnn
3
3417
1182
24,883
Tolland.
Ashford,
Brooklyn,
Canterbury,
Chaplain,
Hampton,
Pomfret,
1063
2101
1412
1000
3413
974
1239
Chester,
Clinton,
2057
Bolton,
Windham.
Plainfieid,
London.
Chatham,
49,933
Kiliinvglv,
New
2217
956
3189
3869
1675
2474
2651
1478
1777
794
1
165
3685
2384
Sterling,
18G8
1099
Thompson,
3535
Voluntown,
1186
338i
Windham,
Columbia,
Coventry,
Ellington,
Hebron,
Mansfield,
Someis,
Stafford,
Tolland,
Union,
Vernon,
Wellington,
742
841
2017
1356
1721
2276
1621
2469
1566
667
1435
..1268
17,979
�NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.
16
RECAPITULATION.
Hartford
Co
55,627
New Haven,
48,641
New London,.... 44,458
Fairfield,
49,933
Windham,
Litchfield,
Middlesex,
28,057
40,445
24,883
Tolland,.
.17,979
310,023
RECAPITULATION OF STATES.
Maine,
Hampshire,
Vermont,
Massachusetts,
501,796
New
Rhode
283,951
29 1 ,848
737,495
Island,
108,837
Connecticut,
310,023
Total Population of
E
New England
90?
in 1840,.. 2,233 ,950
��1
i
��I
��LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
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Dublin Core
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Title
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Books, Booklets, Ledgers, & Diaries
Digital File
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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New England Gazetteer 1841
Description
An account of the resource
The New England Gazetteer contains descriptions of all the states, counties and towns in New England from the period. It also describes principal features such as mountains, lakes, rivers, capes, bays, harbors, islands, and resorts or notable places. Notable persons are also described. Information on Farmington, NH is located on page 158.
This is a digital file and does not exist in the physical collection.
RKL-FHS
Creator
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John Hayward
Publisher
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14th edition Concord NH Israel S. Boyd and William White Boston John Hayward
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1830s-1840s
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
1839-1841
Date Copyrighted
Date of copyright.
1839-1841
Farmington NH
information
New England
people
places
records
Strafford County