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COFfRIGllT DSPOSm ���Great Falls tea txtt^d VrvHotO" EtiQunr/ ��r H h: LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER, ROCHESTER, FARMINGTON Great Falls and Berwick. <^'^ ILLUSTRATED. BOSTON: MERCANTILE PUBLISHING COMPANY, No. 258 Purchase Street. 4 �COPYRIGHT. MERCANTILE PUBLISHING CO. 1890. iSee last pages for Index to Business Notices. �INTRODUCTORY. Nearly three centuries have elapsed since the territory now included within Dover's limits was first visited by white men and this vast period of time has been so crowded with incident, has witnessed so many stirring and decisive events and has brought about so great a number of radical changes in modes of government, manners of living, habits of thought, and methods employed in manufacturing and in •commerce, that even were this brief sketch to be so extended that it would fill a goodly volume it -would still be but an incomplete record of the doings which have transformed a howling wilderness into one of the most important, flourishing and beautiful cities in New Hampshire. The Seventeenth ; Century had but barely opened when the expedition, which was to number among its results the first visitation by civilized man of this region, left England, for it was the tenth day of April, 1603, that two tiny vessels sailed from the port of Bristol, sent out by the enterprising merchants of that place on a voyage of discovery and exploration. Tiny indeed were these vessels— so tiny in fact that both of them could easily be stored in a corner of the hold of one of the great steamships now so common, for the larger vessel was of but fifty tons burden while her companion was only half that capacity. But, small as they were, they reached the shore of the new world in safety under the skillful captain-ship of Martin Pring, and from them a boat expedition was sent up the Pascataqua River for a -distance of twelve miles or so. "Very goodly groves and woods and sundry sorts of beasts" were ^een by the itheir errand little band of explorers, but no attempt to found a settlement was made, the purpose of being merely to gain an idea of " the lay of the land." �DOVER AXD 4 OF IXTEREST. ITS POIXTS Eleven years later, or March 3, 16U,no less a personage tban Capt. John Smith, of Pocahontas fameembarked from London and reached Monhegan on the thirtieth day of the following month. After arriving at this point he built seven boats, and in one of these, accompanied by eight men, he entered the Pascataqua. At this time there was not, so far as is known, a single European residing at any point on the long coast line extending from Plymouth to the French settlement on the island of Blount Desert, although scattered along it at sparse intervals were places temporarily visited by fishermen. This state of affairs continued for nearly a decade after Smith's visit, the time and manner of its- termination being stated in Hubbard's "History of New England "' thus : THE KIRSX SETTLEMENT. other gentlemen in the west of England, belonging to the cities of Exeter,. having obtained patentsShrewsbury, and the towns of Plymouth, Dorchester, etc., made some attempts at beginning a for several parts of the country of New England, They sent over plantation in some place about the Pascataqua River about the year 1623. "Some merchants and Bristol, . . . . . . . . . �DOVER ASD ITS FOISTS OF IS TBREST. But happily it is no longer necessary to depend upon mere probabilities a dav's journey distant. to establish the date of Dover's settlement, for a few years ago there was discovered among the files This paper is -of Suffolk Court, an original document which determines it beyond a reasonable doubt. in the form of a petition for a confirmation of a sale of territory made by Tahanto, Sagamore of The Penacook, in 1636, to William Hilton, Sr., and his son, 'William Hilton, Jr., the petitioner. than was presented petition -extract in 1660, and fully covers the point at issue as will be seen by the following : William Hilton, came over into New England about the yor petitioner came about one yeare & an halfe after, and in a little tyme following settld ourselves upon the River of Pascataq with Mr. Edw. Hilton, who were the "' first English planters there " MVJiereas, ^eare Anno : your Dom petitioner's father, 1621, : & — The petitioner was a nephew of Edward known that his father came to Plymouth in Hilton and bore a high reputation for integrity. the ship Fortune, November 11, 1621, and that It is his wife and children followed in July or Aua'ust, 1623, or in other words after an inter\-al of about a year - the evidence is conclusive that Edward Hilton settled at :and a half, as stated in the petit: Dover in 1623, and as such is the fact Dover is entitled to the bonor of being the first settled town in Xew Hampshire, and Hilton to the distinction of having been the first permanent settler in the State. The exact itively is of the locality settlement original known, that is not pos- is to say it not established by record, but tradition places it at the extreme southern point of Dover, and authorities very generally agree that this tradition is worthy of credence. Certainly a more advantageous spot could not have been selected, for it was -easy of access by waterways, which always form the chief and St. means of commuvirgin and wooded country Thomas" Chtech a.xd Lafayette's Headqcaetees. -often the only the broad expanse of water on all sides but one rendered impossible for the savases to approach in anv considerable force unseen, and the great abundance of fish, so easily available at certain seasons, afforded an unlimited and invaluable food" -supply which insured the settlers against that famine which was a by no means uncommon experience nication in a ; it practically •of Xew England pioneers less fortunatelv located. From an aesthetic point of view, also, the choice is now a popular summer resort. Despite these advantages of location the work of settlement proceeded very slowly, Hubbard stating that in 1631 "there were but three houses in all that part of the country adjoining the was a wise one, for the scenery is beautiful and varied in this region which Pascataqua River. There had also been some expense about salt works." The title under which Edward Hilton and his associates in England held their lands was some-what vague and unsatisfactory so they made application to have it more specifically defined. All the territory on this continent between the fortieth and the forty-eighth degrees of north latitude was controlled by an organization generally called the ''Plymouth Council," which held and disposed of 4he lands within these limits by virtue of letters patent received from the King, November 3, 1606, �DOVER AND 6 ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. body which made the grant desired by the Dover settlers and those associated witht was issued March 12, 1630, and as all the land titles in Dover and several neighboring townsproceed from it it is of sufficient interest to warrant our giving it almost verbatim anrl it them. wa-s this It : " Now know yee that the said President & Councell by Virtue & Authority of his Majties said Letters Patents, and for and in consideracon lliat Edward Hilton & his Associates hath already at his and their owne proper costs and charges transported sundry servants to plant in New England aforesaid by the natives Wecanacohunt otherwise Hiltons' point lying som two leagues from New England aforesaid where they have already Built som houses, and planted Corne, And for that he doth further intend by God's Divine Assistance, to transport thither more people and cattle, to the good increase and advancement & for the better settling and strengthing of their plantacon as also that they may be better encouraged to proceed in soe pious a work which may Especially tend to the propagacon of Religion and to the Great Increase of Trade to his Majties Realmes and Dominions, and to the advancement of pulilique plantaeon, Have given granted Enfeoifed and Confirmed, and by this their p'sent writing doe fully clearly and absolutely give grant enfeoffe and confirm unto the said Edward Hilton his heires and assignes for ever, all that part of the River Pascataquack called or known by the name of Wecanacohunt or Hiltons' Point witb the south side of the said River, up to the flail of the River, and three miles into Together with all the Shoares, Creeks, Bays Harbors the Maine Land by all the breadth aforesaid. and Coasts, alongst the sea within the limits and Bounds aforesaid with the woods and Islands next adjoyneing to the said Lands, not being already granted by the said Councell unto any other person or persons together alsoe with all the Lands River mines Minerals of what kinde or nature soever, woods Quarries, Marshes, Waters, Lakes, ffishings. Huntings, Hawkings ffowlings, Comodities Emolurats and hereditaments whatsoever withall and singular their or to the said Lands lying within the same Limitsunto the said Edward Hilton his heirea,^ or Bounds belonging or in any wise appertaining Associates and Assignes forever to the onely proper use and behoof of the said Edward Hilton hi» heires Associates & Assignes for ever, yielding and paying unto our Soveraigne Lord the King oneflSftb part of Gold and Silver Oares, and another ffifth part to the Councell aforesaid and their successors to be holden of the said Councell and their successors by the rent hereafter in these p'sentsReserved, yielding and paying therefor yearly for ever unto the said Councell tlieir successors or Assignes for every hundred Acres of the said Land in use the sume of twelve pence of Lawfull money of England into the hands of the Rent gatherers for the time being of the said Councell yr successors or Assignes for all services whatsoever." at a place there called the mouth of the River Pascataquack in . . . Nearly a year and a half elapsed before the actual delivery of the land, this ceremony being^ performed July 7, 1631, by Thomas Lewis, acting under power of attorney from the Council. It wasdelivered on the premises, the witnesses being Thomas Wiggin, William Hilton, Samuel Sharpe, and James Downe. No record appears of any history of the Dover settlement during the time between the date of the grant and the formal delivery of the land, and indeed the records of the early history of this colony are exceptionally meagre and unsatisfactory, especially when compared with those of the and the reason of this difference is plain. Men possessed of resulting from them, naturally take care to see that full and clear records are made of the origin and progress of that movement, that their ways may be justified and their convictions and sacrifices appreciated by their successors, and in time, by all manThen again, the history of such an undertaking cannot but be of peculiar interest to the kind. student of humanity and must of necessity contain more of romance and of unusual happenings than the history of an enterprise carried on by those seeking to better merely their worldly position, and so Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies, peculiar ideas and identified with a movement actuated by the commonplace motives which animate people in general. The Pilgrims of Plymouth and the Puritans of Massachusetts Bay did not leave the old country because they could not gain a. satisfactory livelihood there, or because they thought the New World offered more opportunities for �DOVER AND ITS POINTS OF INTKHEST. 7 the accumulation of wealth, but because they sought that liberty of conscience which was denied them in England but while this motive was common to them both there was one essential point of difference between them which is now generally overlooked, the result being that Puritan and Pilgrim are almost synonymous terms in the popular mind, the only distinction made being that the Puritans settled at one point on the coast and the Pilgrims at another. Yet their convictions were radically ; different, for the Pilgrims felt themselves obliged to separate entirely from the Church of England and but had conscientious scruples concerning some of its ceremonies. The New Hampshire colonists belonged to neither i)arty. They held no peculiar ideas concerning Church or State and had no theories of terapoi-al or spiritual to discountenance iis existence, while the Puritans recognized that church Central Avenue, Looking South. government differing from those accepted in England, their only object in braving the dangers and being the acquisition of wealth. Of course this motive was mixed with various others, such as a liking for a life of adventure and an ambition to gain a social position denied to many of them in the Old World but they were guided in their affairs and encouraged in their efforts by no dominating, conscientious conviction peculiar to themselves, and so the early discomforts of life in the wilderness ; historians gave but the number little heed to their enterprises and the records now extant'have mostly to do with of beaver skins and other furs obtained from the Indians, the amount^^of fish cured for the English market, and other prosaic happenings. The most prominent man among those witnessing the delivery of the lands to Edward Hilton was Captain Thomas Wiggin, who probably represented the Bristol merchants who hadjtaken that portion �8 DOVER AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST now comprised within Dover's limits as their own. He returned to England the following year to get^ men and means to carry on the work of settlement bnt proceedings were delayed on account of negotiations for the sale of the property, they being brought to a successful conclusion in 1633. The Bristol men disposed of their interests for the sum of 2150 pounds, and it is said that the purchasers were the Puritan Lords, Say and Brook, George Willys and William Whiting, but there were evidently others besides these judging from the subsequent records relating to the property. This change in ownership brought about a change also in the religious auspices under which the colony was conducted, for Edward Hilton was an adherent of the Church of England, while his successor, Captain Thomas Wiggin, was of Puritan sympathies. He is spoken of in a letter written June 22, 1633, to Governor Winthrop, of Massachusetts, as follows : "Before I end, I must not forgett to put you in minde of one that is cominge whoe hath deserved exceedingly your father & the plantation, many wayes he discovered ( under God ) our enemies plotts, ifc helpt to prevent them he hath also dispossest our enemies of their hope, Pascataqua, and intends to plant him selfe and many gracious men there this sommer. Noe doubt but this to you, of ; ; may be and wil be by diverse reported to you ; in this shipj) but out of the mouth of diverse witnesses the truth is confirmed. and you all have cause to blesse God that you have soe good a neighbour as Capt. Wiggin." I have, October 10, 1633, Wiggin landed at Salem, Mass., with "about thirty" colo- Dover, "some of whom were of and of some account for religion," and the party proceeded withnists for good estate out delay Point. to the settlement at Hilton's They were accompanied by Rev. William Leverich, " an able and worthy Puritan Minister," and a meeting-house was built the following year, or in 1634, First Pakish Courch. so that this parish has the honor of being the first to be established in New Hampshire. Captain Wiggin did not long remain in control of the colony, being succeeded in 163V by Rev. George Burdett, who was made Governor by agreement of the people who were otherwise destitute of civil government, as the corporation under whose auspices the settlement was being developed had been organized merely for planting and trading purposes and had no governing powers. About December, 1638, he was succeeded by Captain John Underbill, who came to Dover that Underbill was a brave year on account of his being banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. soldier but^appears to have been unprincipled and utterly untrustworthy, both in private and public life. Underbill was succeeded as chief magistrate by Thomas Roberts, ancestor of the very large family of that name to be found throughout New Hampshire and Maine. The Pascataqua plantations came under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts in 1641, this change being made with the full consent of the people, as important concessions were made to individuals and �DOVER AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. 9 to the towns, and the colonists ( those of Dovpi- especially were tired of the confusion arising from the contests of those favoring and those opposing annexation. They knew that no effective resistance could be made if Massachusetts sought to gain her end by force of arms, and, as they made excellent ) terras (Massachusetts granting everything in exchange for the simple title of sovereignity,) their The Pascataqua towns their course was undoubtedly the wisest one that could have been taken. remained under Massachusetts jurisdiction for nearly forty years, and so fully were their rights respected and so much did they prosper while this state of affairs continued that the majority of the people were reluctant to accept the mandate which made New Hampshire a royal province and severed their connection with Massachusetts. The thirty years following the anne.^ntioii of Dover tn ^Iissachusotts was comparatively Morrill nLocK, Franklin Square. tineventful, hut this period was to be followed by one the like of which the colony had never known for they had thus far lived at peace with the Indians, who had cordially welcomed the early settlers but long-continued abuse, cheating and contempt of the redskins by many of the colonists at last had their natural effect, and in 1675 the first general war with the Indians commenced, the first blood-shed ; •occurring at Oyster River, in September of that year. Interesting and romantic as the history of these Indian troubles influence upon the fortunes of the colony, is and important we cannot give them even passing notice as was their as the exigencies of space compel us to proceed at once to the events attending the birth of the present Dover, for old as the town is in one sense, in another it is comparatively young, for it was truly " born again" after the advent of the manufacturing enterprises which inspired it with such life and vigor that in a few years �DO VER AND 10 ITS POINTS OP INTEREST. caught up with and passed by every town in New Hampshise but one, Dover being second only to> Portsmouth in population for nearly a score of years. The last year in which Dover blood was shed upon Dover soil was in 1725, during the French and it Indian War, but many of the townspeople lost their lives during the Revolution, for the people were heart and soul in favor of that war and were well represented in the Continental armies. The population of the town in 17V6 was less than it had been in 1700, being but 1666, and at the close of it was still less and the town, and in fact the entire country, was poor, much indebt, and struggling against the many disadvantages of a worthless currency. The effects of the war the Revolution continued long after the close of the struggle, but soon after the establishment of the Constitution the industries and commerce of the country began to revive, although years elapsed before Dover began new order of things. The first United States census, taken just a. found Dover with a population of 1998, an increase of 132 in fifteen years, and the result of the census of 1800 was even more discouraging, while that of 1810 was but little better,. to feel the full benefits of the century ago, in 1790, Franklin Square, Dover. and that of 1820 indicated slow progress, but from 1820 to 1830 the old town " made up for lost time"" in a most decided manner, and progress was so rapid and pronounced thereafter that in 1855 it wa» deemed necessary to have a city charter in order that the business of voting could be carried out in one day, instead of extending over two or three as was frequently the result of the unwieldy towi* organization, and in order that all public business might be more efiiciently and promptly transacted. At this time the area of Dover was practically the same as now, it having been greatly reduced from the original township which included the present City of Dover, Somersworth, Rollinsford, Durham, Wadbury, Lee, Newington and probably a part of Greenland. A small portion of the lower eastern end of Rollinsford was restored to Dover in 1879. �DO VER AND ITS PO/M'S OF INTEREST. DOVEK AS A li CIXV. Dover was signed June 29, 1855, and the charter was aewptc<l August 15, 1855, the first mayor taking the oath of office and the city government being inaugurated March 25, 1856. The great increase in wealth and population which caused the town government after an cxisience of 222 years to be superseded by a city organization, was chiefly brought about by the cotton industry which had its origin here in 1812, when the Dover Cotton Factory was incorporated with a capital of $50,0(10, this company building a factory two miles above the Lower Falls, as it was then thought This that the i)ower at the latter point was fully taken up by the saw and grist mills there located. establishment was long known as the Upper Factory and was not so successful as its projectors had The by act incorporating the City of the townspeople at a meeting held supposed it would be ; but they had strong faith in the future of the cotton industry and in 1821 they Centkal Square, Dovjsk. extended their operations very considerably, obtaining control of the Lower Falls and building thefirst cotton mill erected in the village ; the capital of the company having been increased to $500,000. It was again increased, June 17, 1823, to $1,000,000 and the name of the corporation was changed from the " Dover Cotton Factory " to the " Dover Manufacturing Company," a third increase of capital The company failed to make the enterprise being made June 20, 1826 when it became $1,500,000. profitable, however, and was succeeded by a corporation which still exists and which has made the undertaking one of the most extensive and best-known of the kind in the world. This is the " Cocheco Manufacturing Company," incorporated June 27, 1827, with a capital of $1,500,000, and now operating Connected with this five mills and manufacturing some 32,000,000 yards of cloth per annum. Works their product amounting to about 50,000,000 yards per two establishments consuming 12,000 bales of cotton a year. Employment is given to The plant of machinery in these mills 2,000 operatives and the monthly pay-roll amounts to $50,000. includes 100,000 spindles and 2,443 looms. enterprise are the Cocheco Print annum ; the ; �DOVER AND 12 Some conception ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. of the effect which the establishment of cotton manufacturing and of other may be gained by comparing the increase in population in the years following their introduction with that of previous years. In 1790 the population of Dover was 1998 in 1800 it was 2062, a gain of 64 in ton years. In ISIO it had become 2228, a gain of 166, and in 1820 it was 2871, a gain of G-t3. But during the decade following, or that in which the cotton business was founded, there was an increase in population of almost 100 i)er cent., the number of inhabitants in 1830 being 5449, or 2578 more than in 1820, And the increase in wealth was even more decided, for the industries had upon the town ; taxable property more than doubled in amount and the legitimate consequence of the era of prosperity which had dawned upon the community was to be seen in the many new streets which had been laid out, the new bridges which had been built, the hundreds of new dwelling houses which h.ad been constructed, and the new church edifices which had been erected. Nor were these the only results of the changed condition of affairs. This same decade witnessed the opening of the Dover Bank and of the Savings Bank of the County of Strafford, the incorjioration of the Dover Aqueduct Company and Central Avenue, Dover, Looking North. the establishment of two newspapers, the Gazette and the Inquirer, making three local publications of Dover Sun, had been founded some thirty years before. this kind, as the From 1830 to 1840 the growth of the town was by no means so large as during the preceding was not confined to Dover for the whole country was injuriously •decade, but this check in progress affected by the conditions then prevailing. There was great uncertainty as to the action of the government on the nullification and tariff questions, disastrous speculations in Eastern land had shaken •confidence and unsettled values, and this condition of affairs was aggravated by the suspension of specie payments and the subsequent financial panics which destroyed some great business enterprises, crippled many more and caused capital to be as timid as it had formerly been venturesome. The gain in population from 1840 to 1850 was almost double that of the preceding ten years it being 1728, making the total number of inhabitants 8186. This decade witnessed the advent of the �i DOVER AAD ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. i;j: As a whole these changes wereand in some cases were utterly destroyed, notably, that conducted by the Dover Packet Ccmpany, which had been in successful operation for many yearsas it furnished the sole means of intercourse between Dover and the business world and so transported Many vessels were utilized and at one time Dover's commerce all the freight to and from the town. with Boston was greater than that of any other place east of New York, Portsmouth exceptedNaturally " the Landing" had long been the centre of business but later the opening of the Boston & Maine Railroad, in 1841, and the building, a few years later, of the Cocheco Railroad to Alton,, business deserted the Landing gradually and established itself convenient to the railroad. Within the; past ten or twelve years the shipping interests of Dover have revived and a large, well-equipped fleet; of coasting vessels now sail from this port. railway, which worked great changes in the business of the town. beneficial but individual enterprises suffered Residenck of Jonathan Sawyer, Esq. Dover's importance as a distributing point for trade in the interior declined very materially, of was more than compensated for by the development course, after the building of the railroads, but this of local interests. But little this period the town became a city of gas in the houses and streets, eflicient made from 1850 to 1860, the increase being but 316, but during and many valuable improvements were inaugurated, such as the use better sidewalks and roadways, a police court and a more prompt and gain in population was enforcing of the laws. become 9,874, showing an increase of 1,.372 during the decade, and in 1880 the figures were 11,693, a gain of 1,819 in ten years. By the census of 1890 Dover has a population of 12,780, showing an increase of 1,093 and proving that she is fully maintaining her In 1870 the population had among New Hampshire cities. As has before been stated, the rapid development position of Dover during the years immediately preceding and following the adoption of a city charter, was not due entirely to the cotton industi-y but to- �DO VSR A^D ITS POINTS OF INTER EST. 14 the combined effects of this and other branches of manufacture, prominent among the latter being the woolen industry which was established here by Alfred I. Sawyer, founder of tlie enterprise now on by the Sawyer Woolen Company and known throughout the country. The boot and shoe industry has been and is another potent factor in the building up of the town and city, it having attained large proportions since its introduction in 1847. In fact, when the business is good, more hands are employed in this than in any other local industry and the very magnitude of the trade prevents our giving it the attention it deserves, for were we to make anything like •carried detailed mention of each of the houses engaged in As it, the limits of our space far back as 1854 there were eight shoe factories in town, period, and at the present time with any Dover has some establishments some would be far exceeded. of which were very large for that of this kind that will compare favorably in the State. Boots and shoes are not the only leather goods that are manufactured in Dover on a very large Williams & Sons are extensively engaged in the production of leather belting and lacings, thej' operating one of the largest factories of the kind in the country. The banks of Dover have rendered such efficient aid in developing the resources of the city, that the history of each and all of them will well repay careful study. The educational facilities of Dover are excellent and the history of their origin and development is very interesting, but the necessity of keeping this sketch within its assigned limits compels us to pass it by. Franklin Academy, incorporated in 1805, has a high reputation and numbers among its graduates many men who have won distinction in public, professional and business life. The pnblic schools are liberally supported and efficiently conducted, so that by no means the least of Dover's many advantages as a place of residence is the opportunity afforded to give one's children a sound, practical and thorough education. scale, for the firm of Isaac B. The Church societies of the city embrace nearly commodious church edifices adorn the streets. all the more prominent religious sects, and many Fraternal and benevolent societies are also well represented, the Masons being especially numerous and Orphan Council, No. 1, was organized April 2.3, 1832, and has the honor of being the oldest council in the State. The Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Knights of Honor, and other prominent societies have large memberships and do much to promote sociability and alleviate distress. influential. It is just about a century since the first newspaper published in Dover appeared, and the history many journalistic failures and successes since that time would make a large but very interesting volume. The great political parties have for some j'ears been very ably represented in this city by of the daily as well as by weekly publications, and as regards devotion to the interests of all people, literary merit, enterprise, circulation and advertising patronage, the Dover newspaper press will not suffer by comparison with that of any other New Hampshire city. No mention has been made in this sketch of the advantages offered by Dover as a purchasing center, for these are very fully set forth in the pages devoted to description of the more prominent mercantile and manufacturing enterprises, the high standing of which in comparison with those of other communities, conclusively proves that the conditions under which operations are carried on here are, on the whole, exceptionally favorable. New enterprises, and })articularly new manufacturing enterprises, will be cordially welcomed by the people, both in their private and in their corporate capacity, and the natural and other advantages offered are such as may well attract those contemplating the establishment of new plants or the removal of those now established under unfavorable conditions. Dover is an excellent city to live in as well as to do business in, and judging from present indications her development during the next ten years will have made her more prominent than ever among New Hampshire cities when the opening of the twentieth century finds her well on her way towards her three hundredth birth-day. �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER, garment at a very low price, for working wear; and in either case will give full value for every dollar received and spare no pains to satisfy you fully in every respect. Extensive facilities, broad experience, and exceptional executive ability are essential to the successful carrying out of so liberal and comprehensive a policy, and the fact that it is successfully carried out proves that none of these conditions are wanting. l\Ir. W. S. Bradley, the jiroprietor of this representative enterprise, is a native of Fairtield, Vt. and is widely and favorably known in business circles throughout this section of the State. He gives close supervision to the various departments of the undertaking, and has the business so thoroughly systematized that the responsibility for any mistake can be easily placed and as a consequence, mistakes are of ver}' rare occurrence. From six to ten assistants are employed in the store, and from twenty to fifty in the workrooms so that despite the magnitude of the business callers are assured prompt and careful attention and all orders can be filled at short notice. The premises utilized comprise two floors and a basement, each measuring 40 X 90 feet, and a large proportion of this extensive space is taken up by the heavy stock of clothing, gentlemen's furnishings, hats, caps, etc., which is complete in every department and comprises the latest fashionable novelties. Goods are cheerfully shown, and visitors to Dover as well as residents of that city should make it a point to call at 4.36 and 438 Cen tral Avenue, and examine as clean and desirable a stock of clothing and furnishings as can be found in the State. , — ; Dover Clothing and Jlerchant Tailors; 4i!6 and 438 Central Avenue, Dover Clothing Company began operations in 1880, and during the past decade have built up a business which is remarkable alike for its magnitude and its scope. The great secret of this company's general W. S. Co., Clothiers Bradley, Proprietor. Dover, N. H. — The popularity lies in the fact that all classes of trade are catered to vpith equal care and ability. They will make as choice a custom garment as any tailor in New England, and they will furnish you with a strong, durable you �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER. 16 Thomas H. Dearborn & Co., dealers in Foreign and Domestic Dry Goods, 452 and 454 Central Avenue, Dover, N. H. It would require much more space than we have at our command to properly describe the stock carried by Messrs, Thomas H, Dearborn it Co., at their spacious establishment, Nos. 453 and 454 Central avenue, >and even if we had the necessary space such a description would be of doubtful utility, for however accurate it might be at the time of writing it would be deficient before it reached our readers, for the firm in question make a practice of giving their customers an opportunity to choose from the latest novelties, and as a necessary consequence tlieir stock is constantly being renewed in one department or another. They deal in foreign and domestic dry goods of every description, and two floors of the dimensions of 90 X 45 feet each are required to accommodate the heavy stock carried. The handling of cloaks, shawls, etc., forms an important department of the business, and a very varied and desirable assortment of these articles is always on hand to select from. This firm was organized in 1884, — the partners being Mr. Thomas II. Dearborn, a native of Northfield, N. H., and Mr, Frank N. French, a native of Exeter, N. II. Both these gentlemen are thoroughly familiar with the dry goods business, and give their enterprise careful personal supervision, maintaining the service Employment at the very highest standard of efficiency. is given to ten competent assistants, and we need hardly add that prompt and polite attention is assured to every From the very beginning, the policy of the firm caller. has been to ofler thoroughly dependable goods at the very lowest market rates, and that such methods are appreciated is proved by the extensive and steadily increasing patronage. Clark &, Aldrich, New and Secondhand Furniture and iMusical Instruments, Auctioneers. No. 463 Central Avenue, Dover, N. H.^The establishment conducted by Messrs, Clark & Aldrich at No. 463 Central avenue, is popular among both buyers and sellers, for the firm deal largely in new and second hand furniture, musical instruments, etc. "Picture-framing" is also done in the best possible manner at this establishment. Messrs, Clark & Aldrich do a commission business, selling articles at auction and at private sale, and keeping the best of faith with their customers at all times. This enterprise was inaugurated a good many years ago. and in 1881 came under the control of Messrs. J. W. Foss & Co., who were succeeded by the present owners in 1890. Jlr. F. G. Clark is a native of this city, and Mr, B. S. Aldrich, of Whilefield, N. H., both these gentlemen giving clofe personal attention to the supervision of affairs, and sparing no pains to assure prompt and satisfactory attention to every caller. The premises utilized are 20 X To feet in dimensions, and as they comprise one floor and a basement, opportunity is given to carry a large and varied stock. There is no establishment in town where a dollar will go farther in the purchase of dependable goods, and the assortment is sufficiently varied to suit all tastes and all purses. Mone^' will be loaned on personal property at moderate rates, and all such business can be quickly and privately transacted. Converse & Hammond, wholesale and retail dealers in Eastern and Western Long and Short Lumber, Lime, Cement, Calcined and Ground Plaster, Roofing. Slate, Fire Brick. Kaolin, Plastering Hair, Plum Inland Sand, Superphosphates, Guano and Ground Bone General Agents for E. Frank Coe's Super-Phosphates; 17 Cocheco Street, Dover, N. H. The undertaking carried on under the firmname of Converse Hammond was founded in 1874, by Messrs. Converse & Blaisdell, who in 1876 were succeeded by Mr. J, Converse, he giving place to Messrs. Converse & Hobbs in 1878. In 1883 Messrs. Converse & Wood assumed control and in 1884 the existing firm name was adopted, it being still retained although Mr, Converse retired in 1889, his interest being taken by Mr. A. C. Place, a native of ; — & New Hampshire, who is associated with Mr. M. B. Ham- mond, a native of Albion, Maine. The firm utilize extensive premises located at the head of navigation and comprising numerous storehouses and ample yard room, for a very heavy and varied stock is carried, made up of Ea'-tem and Western long and short lumber, lime, cement, calcined and ground plaster, rooting slate, fire brick, kaolin, plastering hair. Plum Island sand, super phosphates, ground bone and guano. They do both a wholesale and retail business and are general agents for E. Frank Coe's SuperPhosphates, which are generally conceded by practical men everywhere to have no superiors in the market. The firm are in a position to quote bottom prices on the many commodities handled, and to fill the most extensive orders at very short notice. The oflice is at No. 17 Cocheco street, and as it has telephone connection, orders can be sent without trouble from any point in this vicinity. D. Lothrop & Co., Jobbers and Retailers of Pianos, Organs and Sewing Machines, Dover, N. H. Importer* and Publishers, Boston, Mass. The story of the origin and development of the many important enterprises conducted by Messrs. D. Lothrop & Co., is of exceptiona) interest, but to do it justice would require much more space than the necessity of keeping this book within reasonable limits places at our disposal, and we regret this the less from feeling assured that the large majority of our Dover readers are already familiar with the more — Were a novelist to present as characters three brothers, each_ active, enterprising and self reliant, each having strong individualitj', and each a man of affairs as well as of business, and represent them as agreeing to combine fortunes and share equal profits while carrying on widely distinct enterprises, and finally represent them as implicitly keeping this agreement for more than forty j'ears, his characters would be criticized as utterly impracticable, and yet this is the state of affairs in the firm of D. Lothrop & Co, The partners are Daniel, James E. and John C. Lothrop, all of whom are natives of Rochester, N. H. As importers and publisliers the firm have an international reputation, and the members of it are also largely interested in the drug business, and the clothing business, but the present article is confined to a consideration of an enterpiise which, although of quite recent origin as compared with their other undertakings, has developed so rapidly and continuouslj' as to have become the largest of its kind in the State if not in New England. We refer to the jobbing and retailing of pianos, organs, music and musical merchandise, and sewing ma The firm began to handle these goods in 1873 and chines. a very fortumite venture it has proved to be fortunate not only for the proprietors but also for the purchasing public, who find at this establishment a full selection of thoroughly reliable articles offered at the lowest market rates. The piemises made use of comprise two floors, of the respective dimensions of 20 X 80 and 24 X 'i^S feet, and contain a very latge and complete stock at all times. Employment is given to twelve assistants, and despite the magnitude of the business orders are filled with the greatest promptitude, so well considered a system being in operation that all confusion is avoided. The resident partner, James E. Lothrop, exercises a general supervision over the enterprise, and we need hardly add that the service is maintained at the highest standard of efficiency. Mr. Lothrop has been connected with the Cocheco National Bank since 18.58 iind has officiated as president since 1876. He has served as Slate Representative and as mayor of Dover, his service in the latter capacity proving of special value to this community, one of the most noteworthy features of it being the establishment of a free public library. Mr. Lothrop is the financial head of all the enterprises with which he and his brothers are identified, and although nominallj' supervising the Dover business only. his counsel is frequently called for in the direction of the firm's undertakings in Boston and elsewhere. salient facts in the case. — �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER. 17 Walter H. Rines, Merchant Tailor Ladies' and Gents' Clothing Dyed and Repaired 484 Central Avenue, over enjoy an additional advantage in the fact that the stock, carried is so large and varied that it is easy to find goods Boston Hninch, Dover, N. H. To many people, a suit of clothes is a suit of clothes, and that is all there is to it. therein which are particularly suited to the present business in hand. This undertaking was founded in 1840 and after several changes in its management came into the possession of the present firm in 1880. The premises occupied are located in Cocheco Block, and comprise one floor and basement each 20 X 50 feet in dimensions. Two efflcient assistants are employed, and an extensive retail Paints, oils and varnishes of every business is done. description will be supplied in quantities to suit at the very lowest market rates, and special attention is given to handling brushes, artists' materials and window glass ; also sperm, cylinder, lard and spindle oils of warranted quality, all orders being accurately filled without delay. Jlr. Andrew P. Folsom is a native of Dover. ; ; — They apparently believe, that given a certain quantity matt-rial it makes no difference how it is put together of so long as it takes the shape of a suit and hence they are easily imposed upon by such dealers as are disposed to vrork off their goods more by their appearance when new than by their real merits. It may be taken as an axiom that the §5.00 spent for superior workmanship and trimmings are invested to better advantage than any other portion of the purchase money, and those who will accept and act on this hint, will tiud their reward in the improved appearance and superior durability of their wearing apparel. To assure the best of material put together in the most skillful manner, an establishment of repute must be patronized, and none better can be chosen than that conducted by Mr. Walter 11. Rines, at No. 484 Central avenue. This undertaking had its inception in 1886, and has been steadily conducted since that date with constantly increasing success. Mr. Rines is a native of Dover. lie has that thorough understanding of his business so essential to the highest success. choice stock of foreign and domestic cloths is carried, and firstclass clothing is made to order, a perfect fit and good workmanship being guaranteed. Ladies' and gents' clothing dved and repaired in a most satisfactory and thorough manner, at very reasonable prices. Six experienced assistants are employed, and equitable rates prevail, while every order is given the promptest attention. ery, in ^ Whips, Blankets, Robes, Fly Horse Boots, Trunks, Nets, Bags, etc.. Repairing a Spe- cialty, 49.5 Central Avenue, Dover, N. H. It is both safer and cheaper to use a good harness — than a poor one, and there need be no difficulty about getting a good harness if you go to the right kind of a place. VVe have no hesitation in recommending that now carried on by Mr. .J. T. Peaslee at No. 49.5 tientral avenue, for this establishment was founded bj' yiv. Geo. W. Ilayes in 1839, the present proprietor assuming full control of the business in 1888. Jlr. Peaslee is both able and willing to produce fine harnesses at prices as low as the lowest for similar work. His establishment is 2.5X40 feet in dimensions, and is completely fitted up for the manufacture of harness of every ddscription, and the doing of repairing in general. A well-selected stock, is constantly carried, comprising whips, blankets, robes, fly nets, horse boots also trunks, bags, etc., these articles tseing offered at moderate prices, as well as guaranteed to prove as represented. Mr. Peaslee was born in Dover, and has a large circle of friends throughout the vicinity and numbers among his customers some who have traded with the house for many years. His reputation for turning out vmiformly reliable work is as high as it is de.served, and applies to rep.iiring as well as to the making of harnesses to order. Selected material is used in the filling of every order, and as skilled help is employed, work can be done at very short notice. Avenue and Kirkland Street, Dover, X. H. In about every community there is a more or — less brisk I ^^^ '"r-HAn 7^^^ '^ demand for single busi- and double teams for ness ^ and this or it is pleasure purposes, to be regretted that demand is indifferently ''' catered to by a certain proporliou of stable keepers, for on account of the poor accommodations offered at some establishments of this kind the general public have formed such an opinion of public stables that a " livery stable team " is considered as synon)'mous with a broken down horse and a more or less worthless carriage. There is no justice in judging every establishment by the policy followed in the management of comparatively few, and certainly no competent judge can make use of the facilities provided by Mr. G. W Parker, at his stable, corner of Central avenue and Kiikland street, without conceding that " livery stable teams" are by no means necessarily poor. This livery stable was originally established by Wm. Roberts, who gave place to Mr. Sam'l Mitchell, about fifteen years ago, he being succeeded in 1884 by the firm of Parker Kennedy. In 18.S6 Mr. Parker assumed the entire control of the business, and has constantly striven to improve the service rendered. There are twenty five stalls on the premises and an extensive hack, livery, l)oarding and sale business is done, employment being given to three assistants, and every order being assured prompt and careful attention. The proprietor is uniformly moderate in his charges, and as he makes every effort to please his patrons, it is not at all surprising that his establishment should stand high in public favor. . & ; J. B. Folsom &, Co., dealers in Paints, Oils, Varnishes, Brushes, Artists' Mi'terials, Window Glass, Sperm, Cylinder, Lard and Spindle Oils, Cocheco Block, Dover, N. H. Much of tlie protective value of paints and varnishes depends upon the character of the ingredients used in their composition, and as these articles are used quite as much for their preservative as for tlieir decorative qualities, it follows that care should be taken to purchase them from a concern which may be depended upon to furnish honest and reliable goods. No paint and varnish house in Dover has a better record in this respect than that conducted by J. B. Folsom & Co., and customers of this firm — corner Centra! G. A J. T. Peaslee, manufacturers of Fine Harnesses, and dealer W. Parker, Hack, LivBoarding and Sale Sta- ble, A. E. Parker, dealer Gloves, Corsets. in Ladles' Dry and Fancy Goods, Hosiery, Underwear, Infants' Wardrobe, Dress and Cloak Trimmings, .'576 Central Avenue, Dover, N. H. Every business establishment has a character of its own as surely as every individual has, and as the dis- — tinguishing characteristic of the enterprise carried on by Mr. A. E. Parker is reliability, it is natural that it should be very popidar with the purchasing public, for all of us like to feel assured of getting what we pay for, and it is Mr. Parker's invariable policy to represent his goods just He as they are and return full value for money received. is a native of Wolfboro, N. H., and has been identified with his present enterprise since 1877, having at that time The premises occusucceeded Messrs. Andrew Brothers. pied are located at No. 376 Central avenue, and have an The stock comprises dry and area of 1200 square feet. fancy goods, hosiery, gloves, corsets, underwear, infants' wardrobe, dress and cloak trimmings, etc., and is so complete in every department that not only all tastes but all purses can easily be suited. Mr. Parker quotes prices as low as can be named on first class goods, and with the help of four efficient assistants is enabled to give every caller immediate and courteous attention. �— LEADINO BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER IS & Co., dealers in Coal and "Wood, of O. H. Trickey every descriptioQ sole agent for Breed's "Fire King:" II. office, First Street, Dover, N. We have no doubt but that many of the oldest and best-informed residents of Dover would be surprised to learn the total amount of ; coal and wood consumed consumption is — in this citj' and vicinity, lor the steadily and rapidly increasing and it is not directly engaged in the business to difficult for those & Co. supply a keep track of it. Messrs. C. H. Trickey large proportion of the local demand, for this firm have carried on operations for about eighteen years, and have built up a large trade by furnishing goods of standard quality at the lowest market rates, and by sparing no p.iins The to ensure promptness and accuracy of delivery. business was founded many years ago and was at one time in the hands of Mr. Moses B. Page, he being succeeded by the present firm in 1873. The partners are Messrs. C. H. Trickey and G. W. Avery, both of whom Mr. Avery has served are New Hampshire men by birth. on the board of aldermen. Jlr. Trickey is thoroughly identified with the commercial growth and prosperity of He is largely engaged in the purcbase this community. of timber, or standing growth, purchasing either tbe land and timber, or the timber alone, which is put on the market at figures very advantageous to buyers. Mr. Trickey and his ancestors have for upward of fifty years attended to all the hauling of the Cocheco Manufacturing Company and Print Works, and also attends to all heavy transportation of goods of every description for manufacturers or merchants. From fifteen to twenty-five men and some sixteen horses are employed, so taal large or small orders will be filled accurately, promptly and at bottom figures. The firm deal in coal and wood of every description, special attention lieing given to handling the choicest brands of anthracite and bituminous coal. The office is located on First street, and yard on Cocheco street, head of tide-water, and sufficient storage capacity is available to accommodate 4000 tons. Dr. A. J. Young, Dentist, No. 392 Central Avenue> Dover, N. H. It would be absurd to say that anj' dentist, no matter how skillful and carefnl, or how perfectly sup" plied with the latest improved appliances, can practice his profession without inflicting the least pain upon his — patients, but that some are more successful in this respect than others, is a fact so obvious as to be known to all. For instance, it is well understood in Dover and vicinity that Dr. Young is one of the most gentle and successful operators to be found in this .section, and it is also understood that this gentleness b)' no means interferes with the thoroughness witb which his work is done, for, on the contrary, by thus gaining the confidence of his patients, he is enabled to accomplisb results which would otherwise be impossible. Dr. Young is at the he.id of his profession, a graduate of the Pennsylvania Dental College. Owing to failing health from a long and continued practice of his profession of thirty-seven years in Dover the doctor spends his winters in the beautiful city of St. Augustine, Fla., in his orange groves, returning to Dover to practice his profession at 392 Central avenue, from Ma_v to DecemHis rooms are large and conveniently fitted up, the ber. — — comfort of patrons having been given great consideration. The facilities at hand are such that dentistry in all its branches can be successfull)' carried on in accordance with the most approved methods, and these facilities by lessening the labor involved in doing a given piece of work, enables Dr. Young to make his charges very reasonable 11 fact which is duly appreciated by the public. Thomas Spurlin, dealer in Glassware and Crockery, Wooden, Tin, Agate, Iron, and Fancy Ware. Agent for the Boston Dinner Set Company, always a full line in stock, 394 Central Avenue, Dover. N. H. A tasteful dinner set or tea set adds so much to the enjoyment of a meal and to the appearance of a table, that it may justly be classed Jiigh among the things which make a home attractive, and — beautiful sets can now be bought for so small an amount of money, that there is no reason why all should not possess them. Should any of our readers doubt this statement, we will not waste their time and our own in argument, but will simply advise them to visit the establishment conducted by Mr. Thomas Spurlin, for here may be found the latest novelties in glassware and Crocker}', besides a full stock of wooden, tin, agate, iron and fancy ware. The lowest market rates are quoted on all the goods handled, which comprise not only the styles of ware already mentioned, but full lines of the Boston Dinner Set Company's goods, for which Mr. Spurlin is the agent. The store is located at No. 394 Central avenue and is about 500 square feet in dimensions. The stock is fresh, varied and attractive, the articles composing it are guaranteed to prove as represented, and prompt and polite attention is assured to every caller. Mr. Spurlin is a native of Tuftonboro, N. H., and has carried on his present establishment since 1887. He has built up a large business by enterprising methods and fair dealing, and those who have dealt with him will agree that his success is the legitimate outof earnest and intelligent eff'orts to serve the public to the best advantage. come D. C. M. Pierce, dealer in Beef, Pork, Hams, Mutton, Fish, Oysters and Vegetables, 502 Central Avenue, Dover, N. H. The secret of success is much the same, no matter — what business ma\' be engaged in. If you can furnish at bottom prices, and give to all orders, you need have no fear but that a satisfaclor}' trade will soon be built up. Such has been the experience of ]\Ir. D. C. M. Pierce, who is engaged in the meat and vegetable trade at No. 502 Central avenue, for since he succeeded Messrs. Howard Thompson in 1865, his efforts to extend operations have met with unquestionable success. Since 1887, Sir. Pierce has been located at his present address, having at that customers with reliable goods prompt attention & time bought out Mr. Horace Dearborn. He is thoroughly acquainted with the wants of family trade, and has shown both intelligence and liberality in catering to the same. The premises are 20 X 40 feet in dimensions and are sufficiently spacious to accommodate a large and varied stock of choice meats, fish, oysters and vegetables. All tastes and all purses may be accommodated at this store, for the prices are in every instance in accordance with the lowest market rates, and the choicest goods are handled, as well as those of less variety and cost. Competent assistants are employed, and orders will be attended to immediately and carefully, being accurately delivered to any address. H. L. Brew.ster, Electrician, Morrill's Block, 472 Central Avenue, Dover, N. H. Many and useful have been the applications made of electricity since that subtle "fluid" or " force," or whatever you may choose to call it was first pressed into the service of mankind, and during the past decade more progress has been made than in all the previous years. The cost of electric bells, lighting apparatus, etc., has been materially reduced and these great conveniences thus placed within the means of the general public. There is now no rea.son why everv dwelling house, store and factory should not be equipped with electrical appliances, and as the efficienc}' of such apparatus is chiefly dependent upon the manner in which they are put up, we take pleasure in calling the attention of our readers to the facilities offered by Mr. H. L. Brewster, of No. 472 Central avenue, for he is an expert and thoroughly practical electrician and is prepared to furnish and put up electric bells, burglar alarms, lighting apparatus, and in short to do electric work of every description. Mr. Brewster is in a position to supply electrical apparatus at manufacturer's prices, and can figure very closely on contracts to supply such appliances and put them in practical operaEstimates will be cheerfully and promptly furnished, tion. and WDrk will be done under a guarantee that the results will be strictly in accordance with representations. — �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER. & Son, Fancy Goods, Fine Millinery, T. P. Cressey ?Laces, Kid Gloves, etc., 390 Central Avenue, Dover, N. H. It is safe to say tliat no business man in Dover is more generally and favorably known than Mr. T. P Cressey, for he has carried on operations here for more than forty years and has long been prominent in mercantile and Mr. Cressey is a financial circles as well as in public life. native of Gorham, Maine, and founded his present business in 1S40. In 1873 the existing firm was formed by the -admission of Mr. E. P. Cressey, a native of this city. The -senior partner was formerly a director of the Dover National Bank, and has served as councilman and as -chairman of the school committee, holding the latter position three years. The firm are extensively engaged in the handling of fine millinery, fancy goods, laces, kid gloves, trimmings, etc., doing both a wholesale and retail business and carrying a large and varied stock, which always includes the latest fashionable novelties, and for that and •other reasons is highly esteemed by the ladies of Dover and vicinity. The store is located at No. 390 Central avenue, and callers may safely depend upon receiving prompt and courteous attention. Fine millinery work to order is a very important department of the business, and during the season twelve assistants are required to properly :^ttend to the many orders received, as the prices are mod-erate and the work is uniformly first-class. — White, dealer in Sewing Machines, Needles, Oi'. and Attachments of all kinds. Agent for Best Makes Piantjs and Organs. Repairing a Specialty. No. 350 Central Avenue, Dover, N. [I. It is all very well for sewing machine manufacturers to claim that their individual machine is the " best in the market," and in fact is " the only machine worth buying," but the public have their own ideas on such points and generally kno-w pretty well what tliey want and why they want it. Therefore such an establishment as that conducted Ijy Mr. H. L. White, at No. 350 Central avenue, is bound to be popular, for the simple reason that Mr. White deals in many of the leading sewing machines and consequently 3'ou can " pay your money and take your choice " at his store without being importuned to buy any particular make. Of course, the advantage of each style will be pointed out if desired, and any required information given, but the main point is the great latitude of choice made possible by the scope of the business. Mr. White is agent for the best makes of pianos and organs, and we ma}' add is in a position to -quote bottom prices on all the goods he handles. A large stock of sewing machine supplies is carried, including Jlr. needles, oil, belts, and attachments of all kinds. White is a native of Dover, and inaugurated liis present H. It. Belts, — enterprise in 1885. His reputation for fair dealing is of the best, and customers may depend upon all representations made and also upon getting full value for every dollar expended. Dover Navigation Company. President, Thomas B. 'Garland, Dover, N. H. That the prosperity and development of a community are directly dependent upon the transportation facilities available is a self-evident proposition, for, other things being equal, it is obvious that those manufacturers and merchants who enjoy the best facilities for the reception and shipping of goods, are best prepared to meet the sharp competition now existing in practically -every line of business. The present importance of Dover as a manufacturing and trade centre is of course largely -due to advantages of location, but tliese of themselves would have availed nothing and in less enterprising hands would not liave been nearly so well utilized as is now the case. The undertaking carried on by the Dover Navigation Company is of almost inestimable benefit te this city, and indirect!}' to all the adjacent country, for this company offers exceptionally desirable transportation facilities, and from the origin of its business, in 1879, has shown most •commendable enterprise in catering to the demands of its constantly increasing trade. Some of the most prominent — men in this section of the State are identified it, and naturally the company is in a position to render much more intelligent service under these circumstances than would be possible were its affairs controlled by resident.s of other sections, no matter how able and well-meaning they might be. The president is Sir. Thomas B. Garland, and the secretary and treasurer is Mr. B. Frank Neally, while the managing committee is constituted of Messrs. Charles H. Trickey, B. Frank Neally, John .1. Hanson, ,1. Frank Seavey, .John Holland an<i Thomas B. Garland. The company has a capital of $180,000, and owns eight schooners now in commission, their names and capacities being as follows John BraceireU, Thomas B. Garland, 319 tons Zimri S. Wal335 tons John J. Hanlingford, 295 tons J. Chester Wood, 55 tons Jonathan Sairyer, 400 tons J. Frank Season, 656 tons vey, 400 tons John Holland, 1000 tons. The vessels are kept in first-class condition, are in charge of experienced and reliable men, and enable the company to offer a serbusiness with : ; ; ; ; ; ; ; vice unsurpassed for economy and practical efficiency. John Mclntire, Meat and Vegetables, 345 Central Avenue, Dover, N. H. It is true that the business done at the establishment conducted by Mr. John Mclntire is a rapidly growing one, but those who think Mr. Mclntire, — the energetic proprietor of the establishment in question, is dependent upon " luck " for the popularity of the enterprise under his charge, make a great and inexcusable mistake. say " inexcusable," for it seems to us as if no intelligent person could visit this store, examine the variety and cWiracter of the goods offered for sale, observe the We uniform promptness and courtesy with which all callers are attended to and note the care shown in the delivery of orders, without acknowledging that .such methods were sure to build up a large trade, quite independent of 3Ir. SIcIntire has been "luck," or anything like it. engaged in this line of business for the past ten years, and has therefore had sufficient experience to know what the public want and to know how to supply them in the most satisfactory manner. Since 1887 he has occupied his present premises, which are located at No. 345 Central avenue, and are about 400 square feel in dimensions. The stock dealt in consists of meals and vegetables of all kinds. Five assistants are employed, thus ensuring prompt and painstaking attention to every customer, and the facilities for the delivery of goods at short notice are in every way desirable. Mr. Mclntire also runs four carts, and warrants his goods to prove as represented, and invariably gives all purchasers the full worth of their money. J. Herbert Seavey, Hardware, 300 Central Avenue, Dover, N. II. The manufacture of hardware has become one of the leading industries of the country, and as the goods produced vary as greatly in quality- as they do in — kind, a retail dealer who proposes to furnish articles that can be depended upon must have ability and experience as Mv. J. Herbert Seavey has been well as good will. engaged in the handling of hardware, farmer's tools, etc in this city for a long time, and succeeded Messrs. G. F. Rollins & Co., in the ownership of the establishment with which he is now identified more than ten years ago. The natural presumption is therefore tliat he is thoroughly familiar witli the merits of the articles in which he deals, and this presumption becomes certainty on examining his The store is located at No. stock and noting his prices. 300 Central avenue, and comprises one floor and a basement, their dimensions being 20 X 75 feet. A very complete and extensive stock is carried, a specialty being made of agricultural tools and the productions of the most sucA full line of cessful manufacturers being represented. cutlery, general hardware, etc., is also offered, and as employment is given to two assistants callers are assured prompt and courteous attention. Mr. Seavey is a native of Rochester, N. II., and has a large circle of friends in , Dover and vicinity. �I.KADINO BUSINESS 20 MEN OF DOVER. H. B. Dearborn, dealer in Pork, Beef, Mutton, Vege- Veal, Lamb, Lard, Eggs Goods, No. Butter, tables, Canned Fourth St — , and. 3, Dover, N. H. not uncommon to hear people say they don't know where to get good meats; they are willing topay a lair price for firstclass goods but find it very dillicult to get such artiIt is cles at any figure. Now, such a statement would not excite much of anyif made by the residents of some out-ofthe-way place or other, but coming from the lipsof one residing in Dover, it certainly calls for more than passing mention, for Dover is a prominent trade center and it would be strange if tiisi were not obtainable here. Of course they are to be had, however, and in any desired quantities, too, and as sure a way of getting them as we know of is to place the order with Mr. H. E. Dearborn, doing business at No. 3, Fourth street, for this gentleman makes a specialty of handling first quality fresh beef, pork,, mutton, veal, lamb, lard, vegetables, butter, eggs, and canned goods. A store and basement, each measuring 22 X 50 feet, are occupied and a large stock is carried at all seasons, there being ample storage facilities to accommodate Employment is given to competent a heavy assortment. assistants, and despite the magnitude of the business customers are served with a promptness and care to be looked The proprietor, for in vain in many much smaller stores. Mr. H. E. Dearborn, is a native of Milton, N. H. He established his business in Dover in 1880, and has been All orders are located at his present address since 1889. promptly filled and the lowest market prices quoted. remark J. H. Randlett, Carriage and Slcigli manufacturer, 'J'J:'. Central Avenue, Dover, New Hampshire. The establishment conducted by Mr. J. H. Kandlett at No. 233 Central avenue, is regarded by many as Ihe headquarters for carriages, sleighs, harnesses and horse goods in general, for the proprietor has carried on business in Dover for very nearly a quarter of a century, during which time he lias built up a most enviable reputation for furnishing standard He is a native of articles at the very lowest market rates. Lee, N. H., and has been identitied with his present enterprise since 1860. Mr. Kandlett has served on the City Council, and is one of the mos-t widely known of our local manufacturers. He utilizes very commodious premises, comprising three tloors measuring 100x60 feet. Employment is given to from fifteen to twenty assistants, and order work can be turned out at very short notice; repairing of all kinds being assured immediate and skillful attention. A varied assortment of carriages and sleighs is always on hand to choose from, and the stock of single and double harness, robes, whip», blankets, brushes, and other horse furnishings is one of the most desirable and complete to be found in the State. The productions of reputable manufacturers only are handled, and every article bought at this representative establishment is fully warranted to prove as represented. — . : Wiggin & Stevens, manufacturers of Flint, Sand, Emery and Match Papers. Emery Cloth and Glue, New England Ruby Paper, Dover, N. H. Such of our readers as are mechanics by trade, or are engaged in any other occupation, which familiarizes them with the standing of the various flint, sand and emery papers on the maiket do not need to be told that the productions of Messis. Wiggin & Stevens — O. McOlellan, Merchant Tailor, No. 30 Third Street, Dover, N. H. We hear sometimes of the competition between custom tailors and dealers in ready-made clothing, but as a matter of fact there is no such competition, or if are equal to the best, for these goods have an unsurpassed reputation and are largely used throughout the country. confined to those tailors, who turn out garments but little if any superior to ready-made work. Reallv first-class custom clothing is so far superior to that bought ready-made, that there can be no comparison, and the much greater durability of custom garments goes far not — there is, it is compensate for any difference in the first cost. Among the merchant tailors, located in this section of the State, prominent and favorable mention should be made of Mr. C. McClellan, for this gentleman turns out work equal to the best, and his prices will compare very favorably with those quoted by others producing equally desirable garThis merchant tailoring ments. establishment was founded in 1881 by T. McGuire, the present proprietor assuming entire control in 1887. The premises occupied are located at No. 30 Third street, and are equipped with to all necessary facilities to enable operations to be carried on to the best advantage. Ten comjjetent assistants are employed, and a beautiful and varied assortment of imported and domestic fabrics is constantly on hand to select from. A specialty is made of ladies' garments, and suits or single garments for either gentlemen or ladies, will be made up in a uniformly superior manner, orders being filled promptl)' and entire satisfaction as regards fit, prices, etc., being confidently guaranteed. England flint paper and New England ruby paper famous and popular brands, and their popularity is due New are less to their uniformity than to their comparative excellence, for while paper of about any manufacture is occa- sionally good, it is but rarely a brand can be found which The practically never varies from its established standard. firm have works at Maiden (Edgeworth), Mass., besides those in this city, and some idea of the magnitude of their business may be gained from the fact that while their Dover plant is devoted to the manufacture of glue exclusively, and produces from fifty to sixty-five tons per year, the concern do not sell glue, but use all they make in the manufacture of flint, sand, emery and match papers, and emery cloth, at their Jlalden factory. The Dover factory affords employment to from six to eight assistants, and is under the superintendence of Mr. E. Wentworth. This business was in 1858 and has reached its present extensive proportions by a steady process of legitimate development. The present proprietors are the estate of the late Russel B. Wiggin, and Messrs. William S. and Everett J. Stevens; both these gentlemen being natives of New Hampshire. Mr. William S. Stevens has held the position of mayor, and neither partner needs introduction to our Dover We need hardly add that a concern with facilities readers. such as we have pointed out is in a position to fill the largest orders without delay. founded �LEADIKO BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER. Dr. O. W. Tasker, Dentist. No. 3 6 Central Avenue, Dover, N. 11. A libendowment of conunon sense is one of the most valuable legacies which — eral »nj person can receive, for cuninion is really one of the most uncomattributes of character, and the t 1 lunate possessor of a large fund of It IS sure of "reasonable success in the w 11 Id and to avoid serious evils simpU on account of his capacity to reason from cause to effect and tluis steer ckai of the errors on which so many lie wrecked. For instance, one who h IS a fair share of common sense Is not apt to abuse his teeth or to allow them to remain uncared for, until Ihey are miured beyond repair, for he knows essential to the tliat good teeth are mamtcnance of good health, insomuch IS the province of the teeth is to prepare the food for the stomach, and it is badly decayed as absurd to expect teeth to do proper work as it would be to expect broken The average person mill-stones to turn out perfect flour. is restrained from having his teeth given proper attention by one or more of three things carelessness, fear and a The first is no exdesire to avoid the necessary expense. -ense mon ' H. A. Worthen, AI iiiiifacuii'er of Light aud Heavy R-ipairiug Neatly and Promptly Carriages, and Sleiglis Done. No9. 13, 10 aud 17 Locust" Street, roar City Hall, Dover, N. H. The Dover Carriage Factory is the oldest established factory of the kind in town, and is probably at least as well kuown as any in this section of the State, for its productions have always held a high rank in the market and have gone e.xtensively into general use. The enterprise was inaugurated forty years before the present proprietor became identified with it, and this occurred a -quarter of a century ago, he beginning operations in 18G5 Co., and as a member of the firm of H. A. Worthen assuming sole control about a score of years ago. Mr. "Worthen manufactures light and heavy carriages aud sleighs, and the commodious premises utilized by bim are to enable opefitted up with all necessary machinery, etc They are rations to be carried on to the best advantage. located at Nos. 13, 16 and 17 Locust street, rear of City Hall, and comprise two good sized buildings, one two and the other three stories in height. Employment is given to from ei.ght to twelve assistants, and all orders are assured immediate and painstaking attention, repaifing being strongly, durably and neatly done at the shortest possible notice. Mr. Worthen is in a position to quote the lowest market prices at all times, and customers may safely depend upon getting full value for every dollar tliey pay out, "Whether for repairing or new work, ; — & , G. Howard Churbuck, Retail Grocer, 112 Washington Street, Dover, N. H. It would be very difBcult to find a more popular grocery store than that carried on by Mr. G. Howard Cliurbuck at No. 112 Wasliington street, and — those who argue tliat popularitj- is the result of " iro'id luck " would do well to investigate the causes of the favor in which this establishment is held, for "luck" has liad little or nothing to do with it, it having been brought about by hard, intelligent and persistent work, and a consistent policy of giving full value for all money received. The firm of Faxon & Churbuck began operations in 1880, and in 1883 the present proprietor assumed sole control. He is a native of Centerville, Mass.. and has had long and "varied experience in the grocery business, so that the close personal supervision he gives to the details of his present enterprise is a powerful factor in assuring its continued success. Euiployment is given to five assistants, and if every caller does not receive prompt and courteous attention it is no fatdt of the management, for the rule is equal — service to all large or small, young or old, rich or poor, business being conducted so far as is possible on the "first come, first served" principle. An immense stock of staple and fancy groceries is constantly carried, and positively the lowest market rates are quoted on goods of standard merit. — — everyone should appreciate the importance of having the teetli looked after; the second had some weight in former da3'S, when instruments were crude and methods wtre imperfect, but does not apply to day when science has done so much to obviate the least necessity for the infliction of pain, and the third is more than foolish, for the healtli is the greatest of all wealth, and imperfect For dental teeth necessarily entail imperfect health. operations we would refer our readers to Dr. C.W. Tasker. located at No. ".GO Central avenue, who is conceded to be as skillful and thorough a practitioner as the Stale can show. Dr. Tasker is a native of liochester, N. II., and began the practice of his profession here in 18C9. His rooms are conveniently located and equipped with the most improved instruments and other facilities for operating to the best advantage. The doctor is gentle as well as thorough in his methods. He uses gas, ether and cocaine for the extraction of teeth, and the most nervous or timid may avail themselves of his services in tiie full assurance that all unnecessary discomfort will be carefully avoided. cuse at for all, Excelsior Dining Rooms, A. E. Ashby, Proprietor, No. ! Third Street, near B. & M. Depot, Dover, N, H.— Probably each of our readers has his own ideas as to how a dining-room should be carried on for "different people have different tastes," especially where eating is concerned, The most hat the proprietor of a public restaurant can do " Excelis to suit the majority, and the popularit}' of the sior Dining Kooins," No. 4 Third street, close by B. & M. proprietor, Mr. A. E. Ashby, depot, shows how well the I has succeeded in attaining this result. He is a native of England, and has carried on his present establishment since 1889, having at that date succeeded Mr. O. B. IreHis rooms have sufficient seating capacity to land. accommodate fifty patrons at one time, and as he employs snflicient force of experienced and efficient assistants, he a The bill is able to meet all the demands made \ipon him of fare is varied, the food first class, the cooking all that could be wished, aud the service prompt, intelligent and courteous, so that it naturally follows that no similar establishment in the city stands higher in the estimation of Meals will be served at all hours, thus accomthe public modating all classes of patrons. The prices are very reasonable, for Mr. Ashby feeds a great many people, and, of cour-e, not only buys his provisions, etc., in large quantities, and therefore at low rales, but can get along with a small profit on each patron. A well conducled diningroom is a great public convenience, and we take pleasure in unreservedly commending the Excelsior Dining Ftooms, �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER. 22 Wm. W. Hayes & Elbridge A. Shorey, Dentists, No. 3 Bnicewell Biiililing, Dover, N H. The elegant rooms of Drs. Wm. W. Hayes and Elbridge A. Shorey, No. 3 Bracewell Building, are fully equipped with the latest and most approved appliances for operations of all descriptions upon the teelh, and an extended and growing practice fully attests to the skillful treatment and thorough manner in which all operations are performed at their office. Dr. Hayes is a native of Dover, and has practiced his profession since 1871. Dr. Shorey is a native of Rochester, N. H. studied with Dr. Hayes, and took the full course at the dental department of Harvard Uuiversity, receiving — , the degree of D.M.D. in the class of 1890. W. A. Morrill, dealer in Carpetings, Crockery, China and Glass Ware, Feathers, Window Shades and Fi.xtures, No. 74 Washington Street, Cocheco Block, Dover, N. H. It is simply impossible to properly describe the stock carried by Mr. W. A. Morrill, within the necessarily narrow limits of the present article, for that gentleman occupies two floors and a basement each 33 X 46 feet in dimensions in addition to a spacious storehouse, and deals in an — immense variety of goods, including carpeting, crockery, china, and glass ware. The premises occupied are located at No. 74 VVashington street, Coclieco block, and are easy and convenient to reach, but even if they were not we •would still advise such of our readers as want anything in Mr. Morrill's line to give him a call, for he quotes positively bottom prices and makes it an invariable rule to repres^ent things precisely as they are. He is a native of Salisbury. Mass., and is ver}' widely known throughout Dover, having been connected with his present business since 1859, the business being founded at that date under the style of Morrill Brothers, Mr. W. A. Morrill assuming full control of affairs in 1872. Mr. Morrill sells his goods at extremely low prices, and certainly it would be difficult if not impo.ssible to parallel elsewhere the inducements he offers, a fact whicli is generally understood and appreciated by the residents of this city. prominent department of the business is that devoted to the handling of feathers, window shades, and fixtures, etc. Those looking for genuine l)argains in these lines may profitably give Mr. Morrill a call. Competent assistants are employed, and the assortment of goods offered is always large, varied and in short generally desirable. — A & Nute Wolcott, dealers in Groceries and Grain, 0.55 Central Avenue, Dover, N. H. Sixteen years is either a long or a short time, according to the point of view from whicli it is regarded, but it is certainly a very short time in which to build up such a business as that now carried on by Messrs. Nule & Wolcott, and this firm may well congratulate themselves on the exceptional degree of success which they have attained. Still this gratifying success was not the result of luck or chance but was brought about by hard work, persistent enterprise, and by an intelligent determination to so serve the public that a heavy patronage would result as a matter of course. Business was begun in 1874 by the firm of D. A. Nute & Co., and 80 continued until 1883, when the firm name was changed to Nute & Foss the present firm of Nule & Wolcott being formed in 1883. These gentlemen are both well known throughout Dover and vicinity. 5Ir. Nute has held the office of councilman, and is a native of Wolfboro, N. H., while Mr. C. L. Wolcott is a Massachusetts man by birth. The premises occupied are located at No. 555 Central avenue, and comprise one floor 30 X 75 feet in dimensions, where is carried an extensive stock of groceries, grain, etc. also a basement, which is used as a meat market. Considering their extensive facilities it becomes almost unnecessary to add that Messrs. Nute & Wolcott are prepared to supply these commodities in quantities to suit at the very lowest market rates. These gentlemen give personal attention to the filling of orders, and as they employ only competent assistants it will be seen that customers are assured prompt and polite attention and that the heaviest orders can be filled without delay. ; — John Baty, dealer in Stoves and Furnaces Plumbings Street, Dover, N. H. Many a hot air furnace and; a steam-heating apparatus have been condemned, wlien the fault lay in the way in which the plant was set up and not in the furnace or apparatus itself, and therefore when placing orders for stoves or furnaces of any kind, be sure that the setting-up receives skillful and painstaking attention. No little experience and skill are required in order to put in heating apparatus so that it will yield the best, possible results for the conditions vary so greatly that what is advisable in one house would be height of folly in another, and consequently the onl}' sure way of having the work done to the best possible advantage is to entrust it to such a man as Mr. John Baty, for this gentleman gives special attention to furnace work, plumbing, iron piping and general jolibing. He deals extensively in stoves, furn: — Locust many aces, etc., and is prepared to guarantee satisfaction to every Operations were begun in Dover by Mr. Baty in 1878. He has had thirty years experience at his business as a plumber, etc., and it is safe to say that no one in Dover, is better prepared to meet the wants of the public in the above lines of business. The premises occupied are about 1000 square feet in dimensions and are located on Locust street, heavy and valuable stock is carried, plumbing work of all kinds is done in the most satisfactory manner, while the lowest market rates are quoted in every department of the business. Employment is given to six customer. A experienced and careful workmen, and general jobbing will be done in first-class style, at short notice. Edward W. TaflF, Clothing, Hats, Caps and Furnishing Goods, 479 Central Avenue, under American House,, Dover, N. H. The undertaking carried on by Mr Edward W. Taff, was founded in 1887, by Mr. Dan'lM. Hill, who was succeeded by Jlr. Frank Roberts in 1888, and one year — assumed entire management of the businesss. The premises have an area of 1250 square feet and are located at No. 479 Central avenue. A very carefully selected stock is carried, comprising fine readymade clothing, fashionable hats, caps, gentlemen's furnishing goods, etc. The clothing sold at the store has a well-deserved reputation for uniform superiority, and Ihia reputation is due not only to the excellence of the materials used, the shapeliness of the garments and the perfection, with which they fit, but also to the honest workmanship, shown in every detail of their making, for this causes them to be as durable as tliey are liandsome. A common objection to readj'-made gainicnts is their liability to become nii.sshapen after a little wear, but this does not apply to those furnished. by Mr. Taff, for they are .so skillfully and carefully made, that they will hold their shape equal to first- class custom work. Low prices are quoted, not only on clothing but also on all the goods handled, and should any of our readers wish a complete " outfit " at a very reasonable expense, we can give them no better counsel than to |visit the popular establishment referred to. Efficient assistants are employed, and immediate andi polite attention is assured to all. later the present proprietor W.P.Page, dealer in fine Boots, Shoes and Rubbers Sole Agent for the J. F. Bliss' Ladies Fine Goods, No. 487 Central Avenue, Dover, N. H. To obtain a slioe that combines comfort, style and durability with cheapness such is the aim of about every bu3'er, and any information that will serve to make the attainment of this, object easier and surer cannot fail to be of general interest. It is evident that to suit a variety of customers a variety of goods must be carried, aud one of the primfr reasons for the high esteem in which the establishment carried on by Mr. W. P. Page, at No. 487 Central avenue, is held, is the fact that the assortment shown contains artiThe inception of this enterprise cles suited to all tastes. occurred many years ago, and after two or three changes in its management came into the possession of the present proprietor in 1887. Mr. Page is a native of Dover, and i& very well known throughout the vicinity. He is indef&; — — �23 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER. tigable in his efforts to not only maintain but to add to tlie He hiirh reputation so long enjoyed by his establishment. is sole agent for J. F.'^Bliss' ladies' tine goods, and also maUes a^specialty of the Day sewed flexible shoe, which is as easy as hand sewed, being entirely free from wax thread and tacks. He keeps a close watch on the market, ready at all times to take advantage of any opportunity to offer store measuring his patrons exceptional advantages. 30x40 feet is occupied, and two competent and polite So complete an assortment of assistants are employed. sizes and widths is kept in stock that the most difficult feet can almost invariably be fitted perfectly, and not an article leaves the store tlial'is not fully warranted to prove just as A represented in every respect. John T. Hill, Furnaces. Ranges and Heating Stoves, Glass and Wooden Ware, Steam Washers, Clothes Wringers, Sheet Lead and Lead Pipe, Soil Pipe, Gas and Water Pipe, 19 Third Street, Dover, N. H.— The premises occupied by Jlr. John T. Hill, comprise one floor and basement each 20x50 feet in dimensions, and it is safe to say that were thev double that size the proprietor could profitably use them, for Mr. Hill carries a very heavy and varied stock and does a business which although already large is constantly increasing. Jlr. Hill is a native of Northwood, N. H.. and is widely known in Dover and vicinity, in social Employment is given to six as well as business' circles. competent assistants, and in addition to dealing in glass and wooden ware, steam washers, clothes wringers, sheet lead and lead pipe, soil pipe, gas and water pipe, furnaces, ranges, heating, oil and.gasoline stoves, etc., do an extensive business in plumbing, tin roofing, tin. lead, copper, zinc and sheet iron work, also all kinds of stove repairs, and wood and copper pumps made to order, all work being promptly executed, while moderate charges are every instance. The stock carried is exceptionally varied and complete, the prices quoted comparing favorably with those named at any establishment dealing in Cooking and heating stoves are the same line of goods. offered at very low prices, and those in need of an article of this kind, would do well to procure it of a man who guarantees his goods to prove as represented and has an enviable reputation for faithfully carrying out every agreement. made in ; affords. We treatment an order. when we have occasion to visit Now when we say that all attention and civil a store and give these desirable things are to be secured by dealing with M. it T. Chicoine needed, for the Co.. we think no further explanation is popularity of this store. The business was started in 1888 t. Chicoine at No. 69 Main street. They moved by M. their store to their present location, corner of Main and T. Portland streets in 1889. The present firm of M. Co. was formed in 1890. These gentlemen are Chicoine sugar, pork, lard, bams, beans, molasses, dealers in flour, They also make a specialty of teas, coffees and spices. The assortment of the goods fresh meat and provisions. is excellent and the prices named for them is as low as the Messrs. M. and T. Chicoine are will permit. market Mr. Frank Blair is a native of Dover. natives of Canada. — is also a matter of common nothing contradictory in this state of affairs, for demand and .supply follow the same laws in professional as in mercantile life, and it is as natural to find many dentists in a country where their services are in great request, as it is to find the most lawyers in lands where labor affecting persons and property are most perOur American temperature has much to fectly executed. do with the poorness of our teeth as a nation, but there has certainly been a marked improvement since more attention has been paid to the care of these useful mem- tists are the best in the world knowledge. There is bers. Decay of the teeth is invariably progressive, and no one, once noticing symptoms of such decay should hes- moment to place himself under the care of a thoroughly competent dentist. There are many in this vicinity, and one of the most popular of these is Dr. Fred H. Hayes, for this gentleman is not only an experienced and skilled operator, but is noted for the gentleness and consideration with which he discharges his responsible duties. This faculty cannot be acquired, in our opinion, its exercise can be made much more easy by education and practice. To combine thoroughness with gentleness should be the aim of every dental practitioner. We take pleasure in itate a noting the success Dr. Hayes has gained in this respect. He is a native of Dover, and a graduate of the Boston Dental College. He is well known in this locality, having been established here since 1883. Those needing the services of a good dentist can do no better than to consult with him at his office, No. 372 Central avenue. all like to receive prompt & & & & B. Frank Nealley, Dry (ioods, Bracewell Building, Central Avenue, Dover, N. H.— There is but little use of our saying that the enterprise conducted by Mr. B. Frank Nealley is a most popular one of its kind in this section of Dover, for the facts are very generally known, and there are few if any people who are at all acquainted in this section, but what have remarked the popularity gained by its The enterprise in question was established in proprietor. 1865, therefore its popularity has long been established. Mr. B. Frank Nealley is a native ot Seuth Berwick, Me., ami is personally too well known in this city to render it necessary to make extended personal mention, suffice it to say that at present he is mayor of Dover, and has been The premises occupied comrepresentative and senator. prise one floor and a basement each 20 X 65 feet in dimensions, an extensive retail business is carried on. employment A comprehenefficient and polite assistants. skillfully selected assortment of dry goods is discourteous attention is Careful and played at this store. extended to every caller, and as the store is conveniently located in Bracewell Building, Central avenue, the public will find it advantageous to inspect the stock before pur- being given to sive Fred H. Hayes, D.D.S., 372 Central Avenue, Dover, N. H. Americans have been so frequently informed that they have the worst teeth in the world, that the fact should be pretty generally understood, and that American den- & & M. T. Chicoine Co., dealers in Flour, Sugars, Pork, Lard, Hams. Beans, Molasses, Teas, Coffees and Spices also Fresh Meat and Provisions a Specialty, corner Main and Portland Streets, Dover, N. H.— This establishment has proved very successful and popular and but a comparatively small amount of investigation is required to ascerEverybody likes to be tain the cause of this popularity. sure of getting the worth of their money when they make purchases, and to know that the groceries and provisions they are consuming are as pure and fresh as the market and chasing elsewhere. The prices are very low, the proprietor enjoying the most favorable relations with wholesalers and producers, and fixing his rates accordingly. O. T. Henderson, retail dealer in Corn, Flour, Meal, Seeds, and Choice Family Groceries, Henderson's Block, corner JIain and Chapel Streets, Dover, N. H Among the oldest established enterprises of the kind in this section of the State, is that conducted by >Ir. C. T. Henderson, for its inception occured nearly half a century ago, operations having been begun about 1848 by S. H. Henderson & Son, this firm giving place to H. M. Henderson in 1858, the business finally coming into the possession of the present proprietor, Mr. C. T. Henderson, in 1870. Mr. Henderson has recently remodeled and refitted his Salt, — He is a native is one of the finest in the city. and is widely and favorably known throughout the city. He occupies premises at the corner of Main and Chapel streets, Henderson's Block, comprising a s-tore 22 X 75 feet in dimensions and a basement 40 X 22 feet. The stock handled includes corn, flour, meal, salt, seeds, and choice family groceries of all kinds. Every facility is at hand for the proper accommodation of the various commodities dealt in, and the arrangements for the prompt delivery of orders and economical handling of the stock A large retail business is are complete and well devised. done, and customers may depend upon having their comfaithfully executed, while the lowmissions promptly and est market rates are quoted in every department. store so it of Dover, �LEADING BUSINESS 24 V. H. McDaniel, Notary Public. Auctioneer and dealer iu Heal Estate, 337 Central Avenue, Surprise is frequently expressed because certain men are able to transact sucli a great amount of business and successfull)' carry on many enterprises varied and distinct in character, but in the large majority of such instances the explanation is to be found in the answer given by a man of this type to one who inquired how he could accomplish so much. "Simply by making use of the best obtainable facilities," was the reply. Many of us take strangely roundabout methods of doing a thing, and a prominent example is to be found in the practice of inquiring of friends and making a personal tour when searching for desirable real estate to buy or rent. This of course is all very well so far as it goes, but as long as there are well-equipped real estate agencies it is foolish to dispense with (heir ai J, for time and money may be saved by patronizing them. There for instance is the office of 5Ir. Ap()raisei', Dover, K. II — V. H. McDaniel at No. 327 Central avenue. Mr. McDaniel is a native of Strafford, N. H., and has carried on business iu this city for about sixteen years. He is a notary public, auctioneer, appraiser, and dealer in real estate and enjoys a very high reputation for intelligence and integrity. Commissions will be executed at very short notice in the most skillful and painstaking mauner, and miiderale charges are the rule in every instance. Jlr. McDaniel always has some very desirable city and suburban propert}' on his books, and is in a position to render valuable assistance to those wishing to buj', sell, exchange, or rent real estate. In addition to the above business Mr. McDaniel manages the sale of the American Rubber Paint for metal, shingle and marine uses. It is warranted not to crack, cleave or peel. It is a sure protection against fire, water and lightning. It has become generally known and meets with a rapidly increasing sale throughout the New England and Middle States. Charles A. Tufts, Apothecary, Central Square, Dover, N. H. If ever}- apothecary were also a physician, the convenience of the public would undoubtedly be much better served, but as such is not the case, the best thing to do is to take advantage of the opportunities offered by those who do combine these important points. Among — these we take pleasure in calling particular attention to Dr. Chas. A. Tufts, whose store is located at 85 Washington street. Central square, Dover, N. H. Dr. Tufts is a graduate of the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, as well as the medical department of Dartmouth College, and has been proprietor of this establishment since 1S47, at which time he succeeded Mr. Asa A. Tufts, who started this business in 1813. This being one of the oldest apothecary stores in the county. The premises occupied comprise a store 18 X 60 feet in dimensions and a storehouse. Two reliable and well informed clerks are employed, and the large stock of drugs, medicines, chemicals, toilet and fancy articles, etc is carefully selected from tlie most reliable sources, and always kept complete in every department. Prescriptions are compounded at short notice, and the charges made are always as low as is consistent with the use of ingredients oif the best quality. Customers are assured courteous treatment and prompt attention. Dr. Chas. A. Tufts, who is a native of this , very widely known in this vicinity, and has been councilman, alderman, town clerk, associate judge of police court and senator. city is M. P. Bennett, Junk Dealer, No. 19 New York Street, Dover. N. H. It seems a somewhat curious thing that iu — where there are facilities at hand for the manufacturing of everything required in modern life, in any quantity that may be called for, there is actually much less waste than there is in lands where ordinary commodities are much harder to obtain, what is known in this country as a " junk store." does not exist in barbarous regions, for the simple reason that there are no means at hand to work the "junk" over again and thus greatly increase its commercial value. It is very convenient for the average householder to have a man come and carry off the accumulation of old rags, iron, etc., that gather civilized countries, MEN OF LOVER. so quickly in the ordinary home, and indeed, such a visit proves both convenient and profitable, for the junk dealer stands ready to pay a fair price for the articles that are of use to him, and thus not only carries away your rubbish, but pays you for the privilege. Mr. M. P. Bennett, doing business at No. 19 New^York street, Dover, has become well known as one who pays the highest cash prices and manages his business with liberality as well as skill lie deals in old iron, rags, and all kinds of old junk, and also runs a tin cart. He is enterprising and liberal in all his business transactions, and is very generally known and esteemed throughout Dover and G. P. Butterfield, Agent vicinity. National Life Insurance Co. Office 9, National Block. 4.50 Central Avenue, Dover, N. _H.— The National Life Insurance Company of Jlontpelier, Vt., was incorporated in 1848 and is as successful an example of a purely mutual company as the country can show. The word " mutual " is used very loosely in its relations to insurance organizations and has come to mean almost anything, or rather almost nothing but as an illustration of what " mutual " insurance actually should be, we would refer our readers to the insurance afforded by the instalment bonds of the National Life Insurance Company— characterized by Elizur Wright as " The grandest step in fair dealing within the "history of life insurance." The claim of the company that these bonds are in many respects better than a savings bank or a government bond, is fully justified by the facts, for not only do they make the saving of money easy and sure, but from the time the first payment is made they ensure that your dependents will b>; provided for in case of your death" the full face value of the bond being then payable at once. The iu-talmcnts are far below the premium charged for ordinary endowment policies, having twenty years to run, and the actual co.^t of insurance is definitely known and is reduced to a minimum. We have not the available space to make the principle and the practical workings of these bonds f-nlirelj' clear, but we trust we have sufficiently interested our readers to induce them to call on Mr. George P. Butterfield, at office 9, National Block, No. 450 Central avenue, for he is agent of the company for this section of the State and is ready, able and willing to give clear and exhaustive information concerning the methods and resources of this representative corporation. Mr. Butterfield is a native of Great Falls, and has a large circle of friends throughout this vicinity. He has represented the company here since 1889 and is greatly developing its business in this section. for ; ; E. S. Tash & Co., Choice Family Groceries, Shoe Tools and Findings, 499 Central Avenue, Dover, N. II.— The establishment now conducted by E. S. Tash A Co., may truthfully be said to be one of the old business houses of Dover, having been founded in 1850. Tlie firm of A. S. Tash Co., assuming control in 1854. In 1865 the style was changed to G. W. Tash Co., the present firm being formed in 1887. the individual members of which are Mr. Edwin S. Tash. and. Mr. George W. Gray, both of tliem are natives of New Durham, N. H., and are very widely & & and favorabl}- known throughout Dover and vicinity. Mr. Tash served in the army during the late Southern war, was messenger to the governor's coimcil during the legislature of 1887, and has held the office of both councilman and alderman, while iMr. Gray has been overseer of the poor for five years. The premises occupied are located at No. 499 Central avenue, and comprise one floor and base- An immense ment, each 20 X 75 feet in dimensions. stock is carried, made up of teas, coffees, spices, extracts, choice famil}' groceries, canned goods, flour, grain, proThe duce, etc together with shoe tools, and findings. firm do an extensive retail business and emploj' thoroughly competent assistants. As for their methods these should certainly be well understood in this vicinity by this time and hardly call for description in these columns. Suffice it to stiy that tlie governing principles of the enterprise is the returning of full value for monej' received, and so ably is this carried out that an honestly dissatisfied customer is a great rarity at this popular store. . �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER. Savings Baak for the County of Strafford, Washiugtou Sliow iii.^ a c muiry without savStreet, D.iv.r. N. 11 ings banks or their equivalent, and 1 will show you a people without ambition or resources," says a noted writer on economic subjects, and certainly all must allow that where savings banks most abound, prosperity, good citizenship, comfortable homes and educational privileges abound also. We hear a great deal of talk nowadays about the "capitalist" and the " wage-earner," and many speak as though their interests were directly opposed and — ' they could have nothing in common with each other, but It must be borne in mind that the majority of intelligent •wage-earners are capitalists themselves in a small way, it — is true, but enough so to bring il home to them that wage earners have rights, and that one class works injury to all. Therefore the still capitalists as well as injustice to educitional inlluences of savings banks cannot properly be left out of the reckoning in summing up their usefulness, and no person will deny that during the nearly seventy years that the savings bank for the county of Strafford has been in successful operation it has made its depositors This worthy institution was wiser as well as richer. incorporated in 1823, and for many years has ranked high among the representative savings banks of New E igland. late statement showed deposits of .fS, 800, 000 with surbut plus and premiums of over half a million dollars what still more fully justifies the implicit confidence reposed in the enterprise is the standing of the men identified with it, for figures are not always conclusive, but the characters of a numoer of prominent men in a community are fully and generally understood, and assure the stability of any undertaking upon whose successful conThe president is Mr. tinuance they are dependent. Oharles H. Sawyer, the vice-presidents are Messrs. Elisha R. Brown and Samuel (J. Fisher, and the board of trusCharles H. Sawyer, Elisha tees is constituted as follows R. Brown, Samuel C. Fisher, William S. Stevens, .lohn John Holland, B. P. Nealley, Daniel Hall, H. Ilurd, The secretary and treasurer is Mr. Robert G. Pike. Albert O. JIather, and the executive ofilcer is Mr. E, R. Brown. The banking rooms are located in the Strafford Bank Building, Washington street, and are so commodious and so conveniently arranged as to allow business to be speedily and accurately transacted, all unnecessary delay being absolutely avoided, and the convenience of depositors thereby greatly served. A ; : Rooney & Burnham, Contractors and Builders, Cabinet Work. Washington Street, Dover, N. H. It is unquestionably a f.acl that many peo|)le are deterred from build- — ing houses for themselves, by the stories current regarding the difficulty of knowing beforehand just what a given structure is going to cost, for there is hardly one of us but what has had stories related to him tliat are enough to discourage any man of humble means from building at all. But the question comes up, is there any need of this uncertainty V In our oviinion there is not. Builders are governed by the same rules that control those carrying on other branches of industry, and there is no reason why they should not as a class, adhere as closely to their agreements, as other business men do. Of course, if when your house is half finished you want one part of it made to look like the one across the way, or another part changed to correspond with some ideas you have got since accepting the original plans, you must expect to have to pay for such alterations, and it is really right here that most of the trouble comes. Place your orders with reputable builders, as for instance Uooney & Burnham of Washington street, and you need have no fear but what they will do their part They employ a sufficient force of if you will do yours. workmen to enable them to fill orders either for building Mr. II. P. Uooney has been or repairing at short notice. engaged in this business since 1884. The present firm of Rooney & Burnham was formed in 1800 Their terms are very reasonable, and their reputation for durable work is -unsurpassed. Tiiey have fulfilled many commissions to the satisfaction of all concerned. They attend to orders ior cabinet work, as well as for contracting and building. 25 National Bank, Dover, N. II,— The Strafford National Bank may be said to have had its inception some eighty-seven vears ago, for it was organ iz -d as a Slate bank in 1803, having reorganized under the national banking laws in 1805, with a capital of $120,000 wliich The record it has since been increased to |200,000. has made is a most honorable and creditable one. for ' brilliant" financiering has been carefully avoided, while on the other hand, undue conservatism has also l)een left uupracliced. It is often a delicate matter to properly discriminate between " old fogyism " ami recklessness, for the principles of one age may not apply to another, and il is notorious that since the close of the war values have been but revolutionized and business mothods totally changed the Strafford National Bmk has always been managed by business life and hence men who were actively engaged in were in a position to know at the earliest possible moment We need not say of impending changes of conditions. that this bank has greatly aided in the development of Dover's interests, for were the contrary the fact it could never have attained its pre.sent popularity or have posBut it sessed the influence it now unquestionably wields. by no means rests its claims to patronage on past services on the contrary, no bank in this section receives the accounts of firms, corporations, instituti(ms and individuals on more favorable terms, or offers a more efficient service in connection with the collection of drafts, the purchase and sale of standard securities, the reception of deposits and the discounting of approved commercial paper. Finely appointed rooms are utilized, located in StraflFord ; — Building, Washington street, and the enable business to be promptly transthose identified with this bank are some of Dover's leading manufacturers and merchants, the president being Mr. William S. Stevens, the cashier Mr. E. R. Brown, and the assistant cashier Mr. C. S. Cartland. The board of directors is constituted of Messrs. Wm. S. Stevens, John McDuffee, Jeremiah Smith, E. R. Brown, C. n. Sawyer, S. C. Fisher, Geo. S. Frost. the Strafford Bank facilities avai,lable Among acted. Foot & Snell, dealers in Foreign and Domestic Hard- Mowing Machines, and all kinds of Agricultural Implements, etc., ."ilO Central Av., Dover. —It is difficult to get an idea of the magnitude and the character of the business carried on by Messrs. Foot tt Snell, without a personal visit to the premises occupied by them, for the simple statement that they deal in hardware and carry a very heav3' and varied stock although true enough as far as it goes still utterlj' fails to convey an adequate concepIts tion of the importance of the enterprise in question. inception occurred about forty five ytars ago, Mr. H. A. Foot, being the oriffinal founder. In 1866 be was succeeded by Jlr. G. E. Foot, who conducted it alone for three years, and in 18C9, associated himself with Mr. T. II. Snell, under the preseut firm uame of Foot & Snell. Under their fostering care the ancient reputation, of the enterprise has been more than maintained, for it is now conceded that no establishment in Dover offers greater inducements to purchasers of hardware in general. The premises occupied are located at No. .510 Central avenue, and comprise two floors, each 20 X 60 feet in dimensions, Such ample in addition to a storehouse 90 feet long. accommodations argue a very extensive stock, and such is complete in every indeed carried, it being exceptionally department, including as it does, foreign and domestic hardware, mowing machines, and all kinds of agriculliiral implements. Very low prices are quoted, and sufficient assistance is employed to ensure prompt and accurate Messrs. G E. Foot and T. H. attention to every order. Snell are both natives of Dover, and very well known throughout the social, as well as business circles of this Mr. Foot was in the army four years, during our city. late Southern war, and has also been connected with the ware, — — government as alderman and councilman. Mr. Snell has also held the the office of alderman. These gentlemen have had a long and varied experience in their present line of business, and are thoroughly familiar with it in every detail. city �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER. 26 guaranteed to give satisfaction to the most fastidious. Callers are assured prompt and courteous attention and all orders are tilled accurately and when promised, and no onewho calls at this highly popular establishment will hav& reason to regret having done so. Valentine Mathes, wholesale and retail dealer in Coal,. Grain, Hay, Lathes, Shingles and Superphosphate, Street, Dover, N. H.— The enterprise conducted by Mr. Valentine Mathes is of the very first importance tothe residents of Dover and vicinity, for Mr. Jlathes dealsin a variety of standard commodities, and quotes such low prices that a good deal of money can be saved by placingorders with him. He solicits a trial order from those wisldng anything in his line, and feels confident that in many cases he can enable customers to save ten per cent.,, from the amount they formerly expended for coal, grain, etc. Mr. Jlathes was born in Durham, N. H and hascarried on his present business since 18T9. The premisesutilized are located on Folsom street, and comprise a grain elevator, coal and wood sheds, etc., a very heavy stock of coal, wood, grain, hay. lathes, shingles, superphosphate, etc., being constantly carried, enabling the most extensivewholesale or retail orders to be filled without delay. Employment is given to fifteen assistants, and all goods- Wood, Folsom lt;,1 'A 'll-y <* ., , Charles E. Bacon, ilealer in Diamoncis, Watches, Clocks, Jewelry unci Silverware, Spectacles a Specialty. Watches, .lewelry and Clocks Repaired. Engraving neatly executed. No. 388 Central Avenue, Dover, N. H. This establishment occupies ii prominent position among the oldest, most complete, and most attractive establishments of the kind in Dover, and contains a reliable stock of goods, embracing a tine variety of diamonds, watches, clocks, jewelery and silverware. "Mr. Bacon also carries a largejiue of artistic brass goods that are elegant in style and l]nish. (Piano ]am|)s are very attractive and useful, and make a very suitable wedding present) and hundreds of things which our limited space'will not admit of mention. The store is located at No. 388 Central avenue, and is of the dimensions of 20 X 40 feet. Altogether this store is one of the most attractive in town, and "has been under the able management of Mr. Charles E. Bacon since 1857, he conducts his business on a high plane of honor with fair representation of all goods, and one price, that the very lowest. Mr. Bacon is a native of Biddeford, Maine, and has conducted his business in Dover from the start in a highly satisfactory manner, both to himself and his patrons. Two competent and reliable assistants are employed and an extensive retail business is done. !Mr. Bacon is sole agent for the Diamond spectacles, and gives special attention to watch, clock and jewelry repairing also enffraving is neatly executed, and the most intricate jolis will be satisfactorily performed in a thoroughly work- — ; manlike manner at exceedingly moderate prices. No misrepresentations are permitted" at this store, and callers may feel assured that all articles bought here will prove just as represented. A. Eilloren, Groceries. Cigars and Confectionery, 314 Central Ave., Dover, N. H.— Tlie store occupied by the Killoren Bro's is one of the most popular in the town, the stock is complete in every department, and is made up of carefully selected goods, which may be confidently relied upon to be precisely as represented, Messrs. Andrew and .John Killoren have carried on their present enterprise for over ten years, both gentlemen are well known in political as well as business circles. The premises utilized at 314 Central ave.. cover an area of over 800 feet and are very conveniently fitted up, enabling the firm to display their goods to excellent advantage, and with the aid of three assistants to handle their business without «onfusion or delay. Fine groceries, teas, coffees, flour, etc., ciffars of all the best brands, and pure confectionery are offered at the very lowest market rates, and all goods are A. J. are delivered in the compact part of the city tree. Ordersby mail or telephone are assured immediate and careful attention, and a team will call regularly to take orders if desired. Mr. Mathes makes it a rule" to deliver goods promptly at the time promised, and no small share of thepopularity of his establishment can be traced to this practice. Walton B. Sha-w, dealer in Boots, Shoes and Rubbera of all kinds. 101 Washington Street, Dover, N. H.— Considering the important influence that is exerted by what i» worn on the teet not only on one's personal appearance, but also on one's health as well. it is not surprising that many people should find it harder to select a durable pair of shoes than any other article of dress, therefore, in order to obtain reliable and satisfactory foot covering dependence must be placed in the dealer, and when we say Mr. Walton R. Shaw guards the interests of his customers asthongh they were his own, we only voice the opinion of many of those familiar with his business methods. Thisestablishment was originally founded by Mr. O. C. Ingraham, who conducted the business for over fifteen years. Since 1889 it liae been under the sole control of Mr. Walton Shaw who is a native of Holbrook, Mass. The premises occupied at No. 101 Washington street are 'iO x OO feet in dimensions, and boots and shoes of all kinds are handled, and the stock carried is sufficiently comprehensive to include all sizes, shapes, kinds and conditions of foot-wear. The proprietor of this store warrants every article leaving this establishment to prove as represented. — G. N. W. Home & Co., — Among the H. — Brick Dover, manufacturing Manufacturers, representative which have made Dover -what it now would never do to omit mention of that carried on enterprises is. it under the firm-name of G. W. Home & Co., for this was inaugurated many years ago and has attained a reputationwhich is by no means confined to this section. Mr. Home is dead, and the business is now owned by his daughter, it being carried on under the direct management of Mr. Wingate Bunker, who is well and favorably known in manufacturing and general business circles, and who ia very successful in maintaining the high reputation so long^ Home associated with this undertaking. Messrs. G. W. Co., utilize s-pacious premises and are very extensively engaged in the manufacture of brick. The sheds used for storage purposes cover a very wideexpanse of gronnd, and as a general thing a heavy stock of finished brick is carried. The average annual production is abont 2,000,000, and the largest orders can be filled at short notice and the lowest market rales. Thebricks are remarkalily uniform in quality, and are highly spoken of by all who" have made use of them. & �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER. 2T P. Gorman, dealer in Groceries, Fruits and Vegetables, Choice Butter, Cheese and Eggs, 11 Locust St., Dover, N. H. It is becoming generally understood that the food we eat has more to do with our bodily health than any other one thing. Disorders and even diseases that were once treated with powerful drugs and medicines, are now corrected and almost entirely cured by careful attention toIt is also conceded that the man who most perfectly diet. suits his food to his temperament ami his occupation, will,, Therefore other things being e(iual, enjoy the best health. it is of the highest importance to know where reliable food products may be best obtained. We are happy to be able to call the "attention of our readers to so deserving and well-managed an establishment as that carried on by Mr. He commenced opeP. Gorman, at No. 11 Locust street. rations here in 1881, and has already built up a largeconstantly on hand An extensive stock is retail trade. — George & Langmaid, Granite Cutters, and dealers in Monuments. Tablets and Cemetery Enclosures, Kiver St., Dover, N. H. It is undoubtedly a fact that tirst-class stone — is not to be had at second or third class rates, but it should be remembered that all first-class rates are by no means identical, and that there is really no need of payin.s; fancy figures in order to get work equal to the best. A work practical illustration of the truth of these quality. assertions by visiting the establishment conducted by IMesars. George & Langmaid, at No. 31 for this firm do stone cutting in genRiver street, making a specialty of granite monuments and eral cemetery work, and quoting uniformly moderate prices on work that will bear the most critical inspection. This business was at one time carried on by Mr. Ira A. Butterfield, who was succeeded in 1883 by Jlr. Stephen W. George and Levi Elder, and iu 18S6 Mr. George assumed entire control of the business and continued until 1889, when !Mr. Linville F. Langmaid was admitted to partnerMr. George is a native of Vermont and Mr. Langship. maid of New Ilampshire, both partners being skillful stonecutters who have had long and varied experience. A great variety of designs is offered to choose from, and estimates will cheerfully be made on application, all orders, large or small, being assured prompt and painstaking attenMessrs. George & Langmaid have recently opened a tion. granite quarry in Nottingham, which is located ten miles from Dover. This granite is the best this side of Concord. It is light in color, and very nice for cemetery and build- may consisting of groceries, fruits and vegetables, choice butcheese and eggs. Mr. Gorman obtains his goods from the most reliable sources, and is therefore in a position toguarantee that they will prove as represented. Two competent assistants are employed, and no trouble is spared toMr. Gorman caters to family trade satisfy all customers. and quotes the lowest market rates on goods of standard ter, be obtained ; ing work. City Employment Bureau, W. C. Williams, 327 In Avenue. SIcCarty Block, Dover, N. theory, an employment bureau cannot fail to be of great public convenience and so deserves liberal support, but in practice many establishments of this kind are of no use whatever and are carefully avoided by well-informed persons in search of desirable help. The fault of course is with the management, for the principle involved is sound, and when intelligently and honorably carried out the results are sure to be eminently satisfactory to all parties concerned. Therefore we take pleasure in calling attention to the City Employment Bureau, located at No. 327 Central avenue, in McCarty Block, for since this office was opened, in 1889, it has made an enviable record for efficiencv and reliability. The proprietor, Mr. W. C. "Williams, is a native of New York Slate, and served iu the armv during the Rebellion. He is associated with the leading employment offices in Boston, and is in a position to supply private families, hotels, restaurants, boarding, mountain and seashore houses with help at short notice. He constantly has the names of male and female help of all nationalities on his books, and can furnish new arrivals The office is open from 8 A. m. to those preferring turh. to 8 P. M., and is in charge of Mrs. Williams, prompt and courteous attention being assured to every caller. All first-class help will be furnished with situations at short Central notice. H.— & Harvey, Livery, Boarding and Baiting Hacks furnished for Funerals, Private Parties, Jenness ble. Staetc. Rear of American House, Dover, N. U.— The firm of Jenness & Harvey, .have shown great enterprise in catering to- A visit to their stable will disclose the fact, the public. that first-class teams may be obtained there at very reasonHorses will be taken toable rates and at short notice. board at a moderate price and are assured proper care, good food and suitable stabling. The stable which is located at the rear of the American House, contains thirty Hacks will be furnished when desired for funerals, stalls. These gentlemen do a large business private parlies, etc. Those who have patronized them in in horse clipping. this line, can testify to the careful and skillful manner in which the operation was performed. Four capable assistants are employed, and the interests of their customers are This enterprise has been conducted faithfully consulted. by the present proprietors since 1888. Mr. C. E .Jenness who is a native of Dover, N. H., was formerly proprietor Mr. F. C. Harvey is a native of the Hawthorn Stable. All having business dealings of South Berwick, Maine. with these gentlemen will find them "thoroughly reliable their aim to keep a first-class stable, and honorable. It is where first-class teams may be obtained at all times, and thus far they have succeeded to the satisfaction of all! interested. The City Laundry, the original Dan Guilfoyle, Proprietor, corner of Third Street and Central Avenue, Dover, N. H.-— There are many people who object to having washing done at home and yet do not feel disposed toBut there is noentrust their linen to public laundries. more necessity of having your clothes injured at a laundry than there is of having them done up at home, for The City Laundry now run by ]Mr. Dan Guilfoyle at the corner of Third street and Central avenue, does careful work and avoids injury to the most delicate fabric. Mr. Guilfoyle has conducted his present enterprise since 1884, and has built up a thriving business, employment being given The uniform to only thoroughly experienced assistants. superiority of the work turned out at this establishment is evident to the most fastidious. A very important feature of the business is the fact that all clothes are dried out in the open air, no chemicals used whatever, while the pricesare so low that all can afford to take advantage of the Laundry work of all kinds is done opportunities offered. at short notice, and work is called for and delivered promptly as promised. Mr Guilfoyle is a native of Dover, and well known throughout the city and vicinity. �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER. 28 James W. Hartford, Harness MaUer, 9 Locust Street, no iiiun is to be blamed for trying g.jods lie requires as cbeaply as possible, still, it should alwaj-s be remembered that articles of standard merit have a much more uniform or standard price than those which are simply made to sell, as the saying is, and that the lowest priced article is therefore not necessarily the cheapest. This principle applies to every line of business and particularly to that devoted to the manufacture and sale of harnesses, whips, collars, •etc., for these goods vary greatly in quality, as good mate- Dovur, N. II. to purchase — Whik' tin- rial and skillful workmanship have to be paid for. Mr. James W. Hartford has built up an enviable reputation in the production of the above named goods, having been engaged in the business for over thirty years His shop looited at No, 9 Locust street, Dover. N. H. The premises have an area of about 300 feet, while the employment of an experienced assistant enables him to serve his customers in a prompt and satisfactory manner. These articles are offered at the very lowest market rates. Mr. Hartford is a native of Dover, N. H., and is almost uni"versally known in this vicinity as he has been deputy sheriff. Orders for custom work or repairing will be filled at very short notice. is J. Frank Roberts, dealer in Groceries, Flour and Produce, Teas, Coffees and Spices, E.vtracts and Canned at the lowest cash prices, 498 Central Avenue, Dover, N. H. The great magnitude of the grocery busi- Goods, — ness in this city, is significantly indicated by the number and importance of the houses engaged in this line of trade, and of these, none occupies a more prominent position than that of Mr. J. Prank Roberts, doing business at Ko. 498 Central avenue. This enterprise was inaugurated in 1879 by the present proprietor. In 1887 he associated himself with Mr. Foss. under the firm style of Hoberts & Foss, which was continued until 1890, when Mr. Roberts again assumed entire management of the business. Mr. Roberts is a native of Maine, and is well known throughout Dover and vicinity as an enterprising and sagacious business man. No retail grocery house in this city enjoys more favorable relations with producers, wholesalers, etc., and the consequence of this state of affairs is to be seen in the exceptional advantages the proprietor is enabled to offer his customers in the purchase of many standard commodities. The premises occupied comprise a store and storeroom, each 20 X 40 feet in dimensions, and are well fitted up for the accommodation of the large and varied stock dealt in, which includes groceries, flour and produce also teas, coffees, spices, e.xtracts and canned goods. Three competent assistants are employed and all orders are assured immediate and careful attention, while the prices quoted are invariabl3' in accordance with the very lowest market rates. ; Boston Five and Ten Cent Store," Tin Ware, Glass Ware, Toys, Crockery, 108 Washington Street, Dover, N. H. A very attractive establishment lor the housekeeper to visit is that known as the " Boston 5 and 10 Cent Store," which is located at No. 108 Washington street, for " — here may be seen a fine assortment of crockery, glassware, and tinware also a well selected line of toys, and many other goods too numerous to mention. Business was begun here in 1880, and has already attained extensive proportions. The premises utilized are of the dimensions of 20 X 50 feet, and the stock on hand is displayed to excellent advantage. Children are well provided for at this establishment, for a complete assortment of toys and games is offered to choose from, and the prices are as attractive as the goods themselves. The latest and most successful novelties may be bought here at the prices quoted, when they far exceed in value goods offered at other houses for twice the amounts. Two competent assistants are given employment and all customers are assured prompfand polite attention, while every article offered for sale will be found to be exactly as represented. ; D. H. Wendell's Fire and Life Insurance Agency; corner of Main auil School Streets, Dover, N. H.— A wel^ known insurance agency is a great convenience to any business community and we therefore need make no apology for calling the attention of our readers to that of D. H. Wendell's on the corner of Main and School streets, Dover, N. H., established in 1852, and has furnished insurance of the most reliable character at the lowest market rates, and those wishing any information in relation to fire or life insurance would do well to give him a call. He is a native of Dover and widely known in the community as one of Dover's heavv tax payers.a justice of the peace and quorum for the State, was representative of the town the city charter, and was appointed insurance commissioner for the State in the year 18G6, but resigned on account of his other business. And at the time of the passage of the act known as the Valued Policy Law in the year of 1S8~), was agent for the following old well-known fire insurance companies, r:!; : Home Insurance Company of New York, Insurance Company of North America, Pennsylvania Hartford of Hartford, and Pha>nix and prior to ; National of Hartford, representing some $25,000,000 of a.ssets, and is now agent and broker for tlie Old New Hampshire Fire Insurance company of Manchester, N. H., that lias more than a million and a half of assets, and is also agent for the Old Manhattan Life Insurance Company of New York that has some eleven million and a half dollars of assets. E. H. Frost, manufact'irer of Building Finish, Brackets, Frames, Planing, Sawing, Turning, Folsoni Street, Dover, N. H. "The use of machinery has greatly mollified the building business, and there are now but verj' few parts of a house but what can be more cheaply and accurately made by machinery than Window and Door — etc., to order, b}' hand. Of course the result lias been to materially diminish the cost of building and thus to enable many a man to own the house he lives in who otherwise would have to occupy less desirable rented quarters. This is a distinct gain, and it follows that such enterprises as that carried on by Mr. E. H. Frost deserve liberal patronage, for Mr. Frost is a leading manufacturer of building finish, brackets, window and door frames, etc. being jirepared to furnish anything in that line at short notice and at the lowest market rales. lie is a native of Elliot, Maine, and is very well known personally in Dover and vicinity, at present being a member of the city council. He succeeded Mr. F. O. Marshall in the ownership of his present business in 1887, and gives it close personal attention, sparing no pains to fully satisfy every customer. The mill is located on Folsom street, and is two stories in height and 40 X 70 feet in dimensions. It is fitted up with improved machinery, driven liy steam-power, and special attention is given to doinu planing, sawing, turning, etc., to order. Mr. Frost manufactures de.cks and does other cabinet, work to a considerable extent, quoting the lowest market rates in every department of his business and employing an adequate force of experienced assistants. ; �— I.KADING BUSINESS Sawyer Woolen Mills, manufiictiirers of Fancy ; it commodious are various structures, among which is X 30 feet in height, and 70 in size, another of similar dimensiims, having three stories 30 feet, with two stories and a basement another 58 and a basement; another comprising hree stoiies and one two stories and a basement X ; 40 feet another, also three stories high, 145 X 40 feet in dimensions, and also another three stories high measuring 185 X 65 feet. There are also two brick storehouses, four stories high and 126 X 40 feet in dimensions one brick storehouse 100 x 30 feet in size and two an ofHce building, two stories high and stories in height 57 X 40 feet in dimensions, together with a dry house, measuring 58 X ; ; ; repair shop, stable, etc., and fifty tenements of good size, with slated or gravel roofs. Power is afforded by two forty-inch Hercules turbine wheels and a 250-horse Corliss The mills are lighted by gas and have a complete engine. and admirably arranged fire-extinguishing plant, including automatic sprinklers of the most improved type. Employment is given to 450 operatives, and the value of the annual product is between one and two million dollars. Messrs. F. A. and J. Sawyer act as selling agents and the goods are shipped to all "parts of the Union, the demand From the selection of for them being steadily increasing. the raw material to the completion of the last process incidental to production, every detail is given close and skillful supervision, and the care exercised in the designing and manufacture of the fancy cassimeres and suitings made by the Sawyer Woolen Jlills, together with the enterprise and ability shown in reducing the expense of production to the lowest figure consistent with the use of dependable material, is the secret of the success the company has met with in producing goods that give the be.st of satisfaction to consumers and the trade and are accepted as the standard wherever introduced. 2» S. H. Foye, dealer in Marble and Slate Headstones, Monuments, Tablets, Grave Enclosures, Counter and Table Tops ; also Soap-Stoue Work of kinds shop Central all Cassi- meres and Suitings, Dover, N. H.— The manufacture of textile fabrics is one of New England's leading industries and represents the investment of an enormous amount of capital, but among all the many establishments demoted to this branch of production those \itilized by the Si«}cr Woolen Mills must be given a leading position a^ u-CHids magnitude, perfection of equipment and uniform e\((l "Sawyer woolens" are lence of the results attaineil. almost universally known in this country, and Iheir high sequence of the enterprising and reputation is the natural painstaking methods which have characterized their man ufacture from the first, for the aim of the productis has ever been to turn out goods that woulil have no superior in their special line, and to attain this end nether trouble nor expense has been spared, and a raanufactuiing pUnt has been established which combines all the most valuable improvements in machinery and methods, and is consequently a marvel of completeness and elBciency. This representative enterprise was inaugurated in 183S by Mr. Alfred I. Sawver and in 1849 passed under the control of Messrs. Z. & J. Sawyer, who were succeeded by Jlessrs the present company being F. A. and J. Sawver in 1852 incorporated in 1873. Mr. Charles II. Sawyer is president, Mr. Jonathan Sawyer, treasurer, and Mr. T. M. Clark, superintendent, and the capital of the company is $600,000. The Sawyer Wuok-n Jlills are located on Bellamy Bauls River, and the company controls the power afforded by In 1863-4 a reservoir was built in the three lower falls. Harrington and in 1881 it was enlarged, its area now being 4.")0 acrcs. The lower mill is located on tide-water, the stream being navigable for coal barges, light-draft sloops, etc., and further transportation facilities are afforded by the Portsmouth and Dover branch of the Eastern railroad, which has a station at these mills. The lower mill is a brick structure, three stories and a basement in height and 225 X 38 feet in dimensions, having an addition comprising two stories and a basement, measuring 90 X 25 feet. Both water and steam power are available, the latter Ijeing The furnished by a seventy flve-horse Corliss engine. upper mill is also brick, and is four stories in height and 272 X 40 feet io dimensions. Connected with or adjacent to MEN OF DOVER. : Street, opposite New City Building, Dover, N. H. Mr S. H. Foye is a native of Lee, N. H., but has resided in Dover for many \ e irs, having long ranked w ith the most prominent business men of this city. Although giving close at- to mercantile afhe has found time to of some very important public offices. discharge the duties He has served on the board of aldermen two years, and was on the board of engineers from 1854 to 1872, two years of which was chief engineer. Mr. Foye has served as mayor of Dover, and was'also representative during the years He became identified with ihe granite 1856 and 1857. business as early as 1846, and in 1855 began to handle mar- tention fairs up the granite business altogether in 1873. extensively engaged in the manufacture and sale of marble and slate headstones, monuments, tablets, grave enclosures, etc., together with counter and table Mr. tops and soap-stone work of every descrijition. Foye's shop is located on Central street, opposite the newarea of about 1500' City Building, the premises having an square feet. Employment is given to a sufficient number of assistants to ensure the prompt filling of every order, and the finish and general character of the work turned out are unsurpassed, while the prices quoted are uniformly moderate. ble also, giving He is now Dover Steam Laundry and Dye House, T. G. Hill. Proprietor, No. 6 Orchard Street, Dover, N. H.— No more perfect sign of advanced civilization could be given than that offered by a modern steam laundry, for its presence in a community shows, first, that cleanliness prevails, and second: that the people have learned to avoid one fruitful cause of domestic trouble. There is really no more reason why washing should be done at home, than there is why our shoes should be made at home, or any other operation performed that can be more easily and cheaply attended Some of our readers may take exctp' ions to theto outside. "cheap" clause iu tliat sentence, and say, that it is not justified by the facts, but if they will go to the trouble of estimating all the drawbacks consequent upon drunestic extra fuel burned, the time occupied, the space taken up, the risk run, the constant and exasperating trials to strength and patience experienced— we think that they will find on comparison that we aie not so (ar wrong after all, and then the results attained. Look at the work turned out in the ordinary course of business by Uie Dover Steam Laundry, and see how it compares with Is it not superior ? flie best that can be done at home. every facility is at hand— skilled labor is employed, constant wonder that the results supervision exercised— is it any are more satisfactory ? The enterprise in question was originated by Mr. Webster and has been under the conit trol of its present proprietor, Mr. T. G Hill since 1883 spacious, is located at No. 6 Orchard street, and comprises premises covering an area of over 1200 feet. The propriIn connection with the etor is a native of Biddeford, Me. laundry a large trade is done in dyeing, scouring and clean- washing— the ; A which is done in the most satisfactory manner. is made of dyeing and cleaning garments without ripping and no painsare spared to serve the public in the best manner. A large business has been established which shows every sign of a continuous and pronounced increase. Eight experienced and reliable assistants are given employing, specialty ment. �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER. 30 Walter T. Perkins, Steam and Gas Fitter dealer in Steam Heating and Gas Liglitiug Apparatus, Wrought Emerson, proprietors of the Dover trunk factory, so much Iron and Brass Pipe, Valves, Fittings, etc.; Gas Fixtures, Glass Globes and Shades, Xo. 44 Locust Street, Dover, N. H. There are some kinds of work which mav be done la .a "good enough" fashion without any bad results, but goods will prove as represented and give the best satisfaction. This factory was opened by Mr. W. O. Whittier, in 1887, and passed into the possession of the present firm in 1889. The premises comprise two floors measuring 25x50 feet, and are located at Nos. 63 and 04 St. Thomas street. All kinds of trunks are manufactured and both a wholesale and retail business is done, the facilities being such that the largest orders can be filled at short notice, while the smallest commissions will be promptly and carefully executed. A fall assortment of .sizes and kinds is carried in stock and all tastes, all circumstances and all ; — when it comes to steam and gas-fitting, it is simply foolish be satisfied with anything but the best, for inferior in this line is dangerous, troublesome and expensive, to say nothing of its not answering the purpose for which it was designed. It is easy enough to have firstclass piping if you apply to the proper party, and certainly no wiser course can be taken than to leave your order with Mr. Walter T. Perkins at No. 44 Locust street, for he is a thoroughly competent steam and gas-titter. He has the facilities and the men to enable him to execute all to work commissions at short notice, and in the most approved and satisfactory manner, the best of materials being used. He is uniformly moderate in his charges, and as he gives close personal attention to his business he is in a position to keep the service to a very high standard of efficiency and to guarantee complete satisfaction to his patrons. The premises occupied comprise one floor and basement 32 X 60 feet in dimensions. Mr. Perkins is a dealer in steam-heating and gas-lighting apparatus, wrought iron and brass pipe, valves, fittings, etc., gas fixtures, glass globes, and shades, steam and water gauges, engineers' supplies, etc. Mr. Perkins, who is a native of Dover, N. H., has been the proprietor of this establishment since 1874. He has gained an honorable position among the business circles of this neighborhood. Jlr. Perkins is also agent for the Gurney Hot Water Heater which is conceded to be the best hot water heater in the market. He has put in several in this vicinity which give the best of satisfaction. & Hayes Hodgdon, dealers in Choice Groceries, Teas, Coffees, Spices. Confectionery, and Fruit, 103 Washington Street, Dover, N. H. The ability to suit a business enterprise to the particular class of trade it is designed to reach principally, is an indispensable factor in attainment of success, and it is owing in a great degree to the skill displayed in this direction, that the firm of Hayes Hodgdon has attained the high reputation and popularit}' it now enjoys. This concern is made up of Messrs. E. J. Hayes and F. P. — & Hodgdon. The establishment now conducted by them was founded in 18T0 by Mr. W. M. Courser, Messrs. Hayes & Hodgdon assuming full control in 1889. The premises utilized are located at No. 103 Washington street, and are tlie better, for in that case j'ou may purses can easily be suited. J. H. Winslo-w, dealer in Boots, Shoes, Rubbers and Shoe Findings, French Calf Skins and Sole Leather, No. 410 Central Avenue, on the Bridge, Dover, N. H. Mr. J. H. Winslow has been engaged in the boot and shoe business in Dover since 1801, and has conducted his present enterprise sinee 1885. The establishment in question was originally established in 1842 by Mr. Oliver Libey, and after several changes in its management came into the possession of the present proprietor, at the above named date. The premises occupied cover an area of about 900 square feet, and a very heavy stock is carried, for Mr. Winslow deals in boots, shoes, rubbers, shoe findings, — French calfskins, and sole leather, and caters to all classes of trade. His assortment includes goods suited to all kinds of wear, and whether a dress boot, or a working shoe, is wanted, he can fill the want in the most satisfactory manner. Dealing with only reputable manufacturers' wholesalers, he is in a position to guarantee the quality of the goods he handles, and although he does not pretend to sell " below the cost of manufacture," still there is no more likely place at which to look for bargains, for Mr. Winslow is a careful and discriminating buyer, and by watching the market is often able to secure standard articles below the regular rates, but a full assortment of sizes in all standard styles is kept in stock, the result being that a perfect fit is easily obtainable. The latest novelties are offered as soon as they appear in the market, and at prices that will bear the severest comparison with those quoted elsewhere. Mr. Winslow is a native of Nottingham, N. H., and is very •well known throughout the business circles of Dover. Those in want of anything incUuled in the line of foot-wear will find it at his establishment of warranted quality. A of the dimensions of 20 X 80 feet. .stock of fine groceries is carried, which includes all the almost endless variety of goods now handled by a first-class establishment also tiour of all grades, selected teas and of this kind pure coffees, spices, etc.; also pure confectionery and fruits of all kinds in their season. Mr. H.ayes is a native of Medbury and Mr. Hodgdon of Dover, N. H. Both gentlemen are well known and esteemed by all who know them. Employment is given to a reliable assistant and courteous and prompt attention is assured to all callers. All orders will be accurately delivered at short notice, and prices will be found to compare favorably with the lowest market A. N. Ward, Undertaker and Practical Embalmer. Caskets, Robes, Plates and Flowers, ; rates. Dover Trunk Factory, Whittier & Emerson, Proprietors, successors to W. O. Whittier, manufacturers of all kinds of Trunks, wholesale and retail, 02 and 64 St. Thomas St., Dover, N. H. If an3'0ue doubts that it is good policy to buy a thoroughly well-made trunk, let him visit the nearest railway station especially •when "business is rushing," and watcli the train hands and expressmen wrestle with the baggage. Time is worth a good deal to them and the baggage belongs to other persons, consequently they save ten cents worth of time at the expense of ten dollars worth •of baggage, and think nothing of it. It is not for us to say where the fault lies, but the moral at least is plain see that i/our trunk is of a kind that will stand the racket. Such la trunk cannot be bought for nothing, but it maj' be pur•chased at a reasonable figure if you patronize the right dealer And if that dealer gets his trunks of Messrs. Whittier & — — — confident that his feel Hearses riages and CarFurnished ; Residence over H — Store, Nos. 12 and 14 Thirl stitLt Dover N Considerable expense as well as no smxil degree of executive ability is required in order to discharge the icsponsible duties of an undertaker satisfactorily, for it is of course highlj' important to so manage as to avoid all confusion or delays on the occasions when the services of an undertaker are required. Mr. A. N. Ward has often been called upon to ofliciate in this capacity during the past six years. He is a native of Brockton, Mass., and began operations in Dover in 1884. He is an undertaker and practical embalmer. His establishment and residence, are both conveniently located at Nos. 12 and 14 Third street. A carefully selected stock is carried, comprising caskets, coflSns. burial robes, and funeral goods in general. Flowers, hearses and carriages, will also be furnished when desired. Jloderate prices are quoted in every department, and the variety of goods offered is sufficiently large to admit of all tastes being suited. Orders for embalming will receive immediate and careful attention, and the entire direction of funerals will be assumed if desired, thus enabling much anxiety and trouble to be avoided. �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER. H. A. Pattee, )!^^^ dealer iu Carpets '[, Furniture, ;iiul Side- lieddiug, lioards, Desks, Curetc., 337 LouDges, tains, Central Avenue, Dover. N. The first H.— step to- wards going to house keeping to get a wife, is no doubt, but after little matter to attended that is the question of f\irniture comes tip to be settled. J ' Some marked have [Changes • j ncciirred in the furniture trade if years, late I and it is now possible to furnish a house at a very moderate expense. spend money N. E. Hanson, wholesale and retail dealer in Family Groceries and [Provisions, Flour, Grain, Fish, etc.. special attention paid in selection of choice Teas and Coffees. No. Among the many grocery 1 Silver Street, Dover. N. H. and provision stores located iu this city, few are better known than that now carried on by Mr. N. E. Hanson, for this establishment was founded in 1864 by J. T. Hanson & Co., and lias long been highly popular with the most careThe present proprietor, Mr. N. E. Hanson, ful buyers. assumed full control of the business in 1872. Premises of the dimensions of 25 X 75 feet are occupied, and courteous and reliable assistants are required to attend to the heavy patronage enjoyed. The stock carried at this establishment will compare favorably in all essential features with that of any similar house in the city, for it is both large and varied, and comprises family groceries, provisions, flour, grain, fish, etc., special attention being paid to Mr. Hanson does the selection of choice teas and coffees. not place his prices so high that none but the favored few can afford to trade with him, but offers such decided inducements that experienced buyers feel they can hardly Everything sold here is guarafford to trade elsewhere. anteed to prove just as represented, and tlie prices average as low as the lowest when the quality is considered. — Of course you can if — you want to $-500 can be spent for a single chamber set. if you wish, but a small house can be very comfortably But when it comes to exercisfitted up for that amount. ing wise economy, the first thing to do is to find a dealer who is satisfied with a small margin of profit, and who carries a stock sufficiently large and varied to allow of all tastes being suited, and hundreds of people have solved this problem to their entire satisfaction by placing their orders with Mr. H. A. Pattee located at No. 337 Central This gentleman is a native of New Hampand established his present business in Dover in 1887. carpets, and furniture of all kinds, including handles avenue, Dover. shire, He 31 quoted are surprisingly low, considering the character of the goods handled, and both economy and convenience are served by trading here. to his customers, for the prices bedding, sideboards, desks, lounges, curtains, etc. The premises occupied comprise five floors, each 20x60 feet in dimensions, thus affording ample space for the carrying of an exceptionally heavj- stock. The proprietor offers some very decided bargains in every department. In regard to these bargains, we do not ask j'ou to take our word for them, and in fact do not want you to do so, but what we want is to have you call and see for j'ourself, for you will be sure to find something that you need at a price that will compel you to purchase. No detailed description of the goods dealt in is possible here, l)ut suffice it to say that the assortment is most complete, the prices low, and that all callers are assured prompt and polite attention. (fo W. C. Leavitt, dealer in Meat, Fish, Poultry, Fruit, Vegetables and Country Produce, No. 5 Silver Street, Dover, N. H. To those who are familiar with the advantages enjoj'ed b}' those dealing with Mr. W. C. Leavitt at No. 5 Silver street, the large retail business done by this gentleman needs no explanation, for self-interest is a very powerful motive, and those placing a trial order with the gentleman in question, generally learn by the result that it is plainly for their interest to deal with him altogether. The enterprise was established by Mr. Geo. W. Parker, who was succeeded by Messrs. Berry & Leavitt in 1884, Mr. W. C. Leavitt. the present proprietor, assuming full — He is a native of JIassachusetts, and is known throughout Dover. Employment is given to competent and polite assistants. The premises occupied •control in 1889. well are about 600 square feet in dimensions, and a heavy stock is carried including meats, fish, poultry, fruit asd vegetables of every description together with country produce in general. Th« favorable relations Mr. Leavitt enjoys with producers and wholesalers are by no means without benefit Rackley's Variety Store, Corner Washington Street and The secret of success is much Central Ave., Dover, N. H. the same no niatter what business may be engaged in, if you can furnish customers with reliable goods at Ijottom prices, and give prompt attention to all orders, you need have no fear but what a satisfactory trade will soon be Such has been the experience of Samuel Rackbuilt up. ley, who carries on a business devoted to tlie sale of crockery and glass and tin-ware, for since he succeeded Jlr. Meldon in 1888, who was the original founder of the business, his efforts to extend operations have met with Mr. Rackley is a native of Maine, unquestionable success and is well known in Dover; he is tlioroughly acquainted with his business and has shown both intelligence and liberality in conducting the same; the premises occupied are of the dimensions of 20x30 ft. ahd iire well stocked with a select stock of crockerj', glass ware, granite-iron ware wooden ware and 5 and 10 cent goods, also a full line o tinware, all purses can be accommodated at this store, fo the prices are in every instance in accordance with th lowest market rates and the best goods are handled, as well as those at low cost. — J. W. Merrow, dealer in Groceries and Provisions, Flour, Butter, Cheese and Eggs. 5 Chestnut Street, Dover, N. H. One of the recently established and at the same time one of the most reliable enterprises carried on in this section of Dover, is that conducted by Mr. J. W. Jlerrow, at No. 5 Chestnut street, for the proprietor is well and favorably known throughout this vicinity and has had sufficient experience in his present line of business to be thoroughly familiar with it in every detail. Mr. Merrow is a native of Ossipee, N. H. and as before stated is well known throughout Dover. The store is about 700 square feet in dimensions, and is very conveniently fitted up, the space available being sufficiently extensive to admit of the carrying of a large and varied stock, comprising selected family groceries and provisions of all kinds, also flour, This stock is new, fresh, and butter, cheese and eggs. "clean" in every department, and therefore, Mr. Merrow has no undesirable goods to work ofi " but is in a position to supply articles that will satisfy the most fa.stidious. Orders are filled at short notice and every caller may safely depend upon receiving courteous and painstaking attention. This establishment was founded about 1885, by Mr. Thos. Steel, and has been under the able management of Mr. Those giving his establishment J. W. Merrow since 1887. a trial, will find him prepared to fill either large or small erders without delay and at the lowest market rates. — ' �— LEADING BUSINESS H. E. Livery Canney, Stable, Boardinjr, Hacking and Bailing. Haclis Furnished for Wed- dings and Funerals, 17-23 St. Thomas Street. -The . Dover. N, II. question of whether it is cheaper for one living in the cily to own or hire a horse, is one that is influenced so much by circumstances in each individual case that it is impossible to answer it until those circumstances are duly considered, but at all events it will be agreed that such an establishment as that carried on by Mr. H. E. Canne3' at Nos. 17-23 St. Thomas street, deserves hearty support, for here a desirable, safe and stylish team may be hiretl at a moderate cost, or a horse may be boarded by its owner at a reasonable expense, so that all who use horses for business or pleasure can be accommodated. This enterprise was inaugurated in 1S84, and now ranks among the leading undertakings of the kind in Dover. The premises in use are spacious and well-arranged, lighted with electricity, and contain every convenience, there being twenty eight stalls and ample carriage accommodations. Single and double teams can be furnished at short notice, and the most fastidious customer will have no reason to complain of any detail of the turnout, for horse, carriage, harness, robe, etc., are all first-class, the best trade being catered to and no pains spareii to assure satisfaction. Hacks for public occasions, such as balls, weddings, funerals, etc., can be supplied in any numlier desired, experienced and careful drivers being furnished, who will be found not only competent but courteous also. Animals boarded here will be given the best of care, and in short the high reputation of the estaljlisbmeut will be fully sustained in every instance. MEN OF DOVER. John J. Hanson vice-president, Eli V. Brewster; secretary and treasurer, Isaac F. Abbott trustees, Eli V. Brewster, William A. ilorrill, Ephraim H. Whitehouse, William H^ Vickery, John ,T. Hanson, Isaac F. Abbott, Edmund M. Swan, Henry A. Wortheu, James F. Seavey, Dennis Cash,. Solomon H. Foye. ; ; — Dover National Bank, Dover, N. H. The Dover National Bank is a thoroughly representative institution in every sense of the word, and since its incorporaticm in 1865 has exerted a most powerful influence in developingthe interests of this section. It has a capital of |100,000' which has been further augmented by a surplus of $20,000. The following gentFemen, widely and favorably known in financial and general business circles for their prudence and just methods, are the officers and directors President, Oliver Wyatt vice-president, Eli V. Brewster ;. cashier, Isaac F. Abbott directors, Oliver Wyatt, Eli V. Brewster, Joshua 6. Hall, Jloses D. Page, Henry A. Worthen, Richard N. Boss, John J. Ilans'on. The banking rooms are spacious and well-appointed, affording ampleaccommodations to patrons, and possessing every convenience for facilitating the despatch of business. A general banking business is transacted, including the receplioDi of deposits, the discounting of approved commercial paper, the collection of drafts, and the dealing in government and other first-class securities. This is one of thebest-managed and most popular banks in New Hampshire,, and from its foundation has deserved and enjoyed the confidence of the public to an exceptional degree. The investments of the Dover National Bank have always been carefully and judiciously made, and its ventures of capital : ; ; all times well secured while the officers are obligingefficient in their dealings with the public and spiire nopains to extend the usefulness of the institution they represent. The following statement shows how thoroughly the public confidence is justified Report of the Condition of the Dover National Bank at Dover, in the State of New Hampshire, at the c'o«e of busi- are at ; — we therefore take pleasure comment upon which is following list, quite unnecessary President, in presenting the : ; and : ness, Dover Five Cents Savings Sank, Dover, N. H. Every well-managed savings institution is a benefit to the public, insomuch as its tendency is to encourage thrift, industry, and other qualities which go to make up good citizenship but the Dover Five Cents Savings Batik is especially worthy of encouragement and support from the fact that, as its name indicates, it will receive on deposit 30 small a sum as five cents and it is the saving of small sums that must be inculcated iC prudent habits are to be established. The wage earner who can and will save cents, can and will save dollars, and were this fact more generally understood and taken advantage of it would be of almost inestimable advantage to the comm\inity. Numberless instances might be quoted of where men have obtained their start in business life from savings accumulated when their earnings were by no means large, and it maj- be stated as a rule almost without exception that he who saves nothing when receiving small pay will save nothing if his wages be doubled. "Once form the habit of putting aside a portion, however small, of your weekly or montlily earnings and the rest is eas_v. Should your pay increase, your savings will increase correspondingly, and in any event you will have ;the satisfaction of knowing that you are doing your best to improve your condition, and how gratifying that feeling is, only those who have experienced it know. The facilities offered |by the Dover Five Cents Savings Bank are not surpassed by those of any similar institution, and money entrusted to its care is as absolutely secure as any funds well can be. The management is able and conservative and the financial condition of the liank is exceptionally favorable, a late statement showing that there is about $223,000 due depositors, while the guarantee fund is .^11,1.50 and the surplus §;2.700. But after all, the best evidence concerning the standing of such an enterprise is that afforded by the character of those identified with it, and . : February 28, 1890. RESOURCES. Loans and discounts United States Bonds $91,403.3$100,000.00 31,775.11 to secure circulation. .. Stocks, securities, judgments, claims, eic Due from approved reserve agents Banking house furniture and 14,887.05 fixtures 8,200.0fr Other real estate and mortgages owned Current expenses and taxes paid Premiums on United States Bonds Checks and other cash items Bills of other bauks Fractional paper currency, nickels, and cents 2,853.72 2,59.83- 20,389.58- 1,527.59 4,713.00' 86.33- 7,762 50- Specie Legal tender notes Redemption fund wiUi (5 3,195.00- L'nited States Treasurer per cent, of circulation) 4, .500.00' $291,553 03 Total LIABILITIES. $100,000 0020,000.00 8,206.34 Capital stock paid in Surplus in fund LTndivided profits National Bank notes outstanding Dividends unpaid Individual deposits subject to check Cashier's checks outstanding 88,100.001,577.5069,388.2.S 4,280 93 Total $291,553 03 State of New Hampshire, County of Strafford, ss 1, Isnac F. Abbott, Cashier of the above named bank, do solemnly swear that the above statement is true to the best of my knowledge and belief. Isa.ac F. Abbott, Cashier. Subscribed and sworn to before me this 10th day of George W. Benn, Notary Public^ March, 1890. Correct Attest ; — Oliver Wtatt, ) Eli V. Brewster, [- Henry A. Worthen. ) Directors^ �— ^ LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER. JOHN 33 GLIDDEN, A. Special Care in Preparing for Burial. MY PERSONAL ATTENTION TO ALL Residence and Office, 20 and 24 Locust Street, George B. Wentworth & Co., manufacturers of Broaans and Plow Sboes, Central Avenue, Dover, N. II. The enterprise carried on under the lirm-name of George B. Wentworth & Co., was inaugurated about thirty-five years ago and has long held a leading position among other New Hampshire undertakings of a similar character. Mr. George B. Went-north, the founder of the business, died in 1888, and it has since been conducted by his sons, Messrs. Charles B. and Fred N. "Wentworth, no change being made in the firm name. The concern are extensively engaged in the manufacture of brogans and plow shoes for the Southern and Western trade, and their productions are highly thought of by dealers and consumers as the}' are unsurpassed for ease, strength and durability the three fundamental characteristics of desirable working shoes. — of our readers may be surprised to learn that there are degrees of merit in such coarse goods as brogans and plow shoes, but such is the fact and no little experience and skill are required in order to attain the best results in The premises utilized by this firm their manufacture. comprise four floors of the dimensions 45 X65 feet, and are very thoroughly fitted up, power being furnished by a twenty-five horse engine and employment being given to too operatives. The output averages 1000 pairs per day and the firm are prepared to fill the largest orders at comparatively short notice, and to quote the lowest market The business is conducted under the immediate rates. supervision of Mr. Chas. B. Wentworth who spares no pains to maintain the high reputation of tbe product. Some Mary Byrne, Millinery and Fancy Goods, 63 Washington — An old established and very popu- Street, Dover, N. H. lar enterprise of its kind is that of which Miss Mary Byrne is the proprietress, and which is carried on at No. 63 Washington street, founded in 1847 by Miss Byrne and which is tbe oldest millinery establishment in town. This business has since been continued without change of any kind in its ownership, and the experience gained by its manager through all these j-ears, now enables her to offer Inducements to her customers which it would be very hard to equal elsewhere. One floor is occupied of the dimensions of 25 X 40 feet, and the stock carried is not only large but varied, containing as it does, ribbons, laces, embroideries, collars, handkerchiefs, hosiery, white goods, underwear and fancy goods of all kinds, and in fact a complete assortment of such goods as are only handled by a first class establishment of this kind. !Miss Byrne is very well known in Dover and vicinity, in both feathers, business and social circles. She emploj's an efficient and assures all customers prompt and polite and handles only goods that she can recommend, and guarantees that they will prove strictly as represented, and no trouble is spared to fully maintain the enviable reputation for enterprise and fair dealing this establish- assistant attention, ment has held so long. ITS DETAILS. New Dover, A. P. Drew, Mouldings of the Ilampsliire. Picture Frames and Photographer latest patterns Life Size Crayons a Spe420 Central Avenue, Rooms 10, 17 and 18, Dover, N. II.— Those who deny the title of " artist" to any photographer no matter how skillful he may be, or how beautiful the work he may produce, occupies a precisely similar position to that held by those asserting the same thing in connection with the process of engraving on wood. There may be room for an honest difference of opinion on this subject, but it is difficult for us to see how any competent judge can declare art to be entirely absent from some of the wonderful photographic work to be seen nowadays, notably that produced by Mr. A. P. Drew, at his studio. No. 420 Central avenue, for this gentleman ranks with the leading photographers, and does the largest busiJlr. Drew is an artist of high ness of the kind in Dover. merit, he gives special attention to all branches of photography, and has produced portraits that are worthy of the name, and that have called forth much favorable comment; throughout this community, life size crayons being » He established specialty. Mr. Drew is a native of Dover. his profession in 1859, and now occupies three large rooms, 16, 17 and 18, at No. 420 Central avenue, where every provision is made for the comfort and convenience of patrons. Mr. Drew does not confine his business to photography alone, but deals in picture frames, and mouldings of the latest patterns. The extensive business transacted by Mr. Drew requires the services of seven competent assistants. Art lovers can visit this studio with pleasure and profit, The for a fine selection of finished work is to be seen. views of Dover illustrated in this book were taken by him, cialty ; ; ; O. H. Horton, Book Binder, 97 Washington Street, Dover. N. H. Mr. C. H. Horton was born in New York City, but has been engaged in active business life in Dover for nearly forty years, during which time he has become thoroughly identified with the advancement of the best interests of that city, and has done much to bring about — that advancement "by the zeal, intelligence and fidelity with which he discharged the responsible duties devolving upon him in the various official positions to which he has been elected. Mr. Horton has served as councilman, as alderman, as mayor and as representative. He is now councilor of district No. 1 to Governor Goodell, and we need hardly add that few if any of our local business men He carries on a book bindare more universally known. ing establi.'hment at No. 97 Washington street, and is prepared to fill either wholesale or retail orders at short notice and at moderate rates. As his facilities for binding pamphlets, books, etc., are well known to neighboring printers, publishers, etc., we will not dwell upon them, but will call attention to the service he is prepared to render in connection with the binding of magazines, music, etc., The work is done in a neat and for retail customers. durable manner and the charges are uniformly moderate. �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER. stationery, picture frames, wall papers, etc. This business was originally established by Mr. C. H. Ilovey who was succeeded in 1884 by the present proprietor. Under the able management of Mr. C. W. Smith, the establishment has been greatly extended and has become the local headquarters for books, stationery, picture frames, wall papers, artists' materials, etc. The goods displayed in the above named lines, show marked taste and judgment in their selection. (Japalile and reliable assistants are constantly employed. The store is neat and attractive in all its appolntmenls, and every customer is treated in a polite and attentive manner, and the wants of the public are studied in every respect. Mr. Smith is a native of Maine, and a gentleman combining business talent with fairness in all his dealings. He is well qualified to push his business to still greater usefulness and importance. He is well known throughout this vicinity and is regarded as a reliable and representative bus- ine!S Woodbury Brothers, wholesale manufacturers of Buskins and Slippers, and Women's aud Misses' Boots and Boston office: 31 Lincoln Street. Factories: BevShoes. erly. Mass., and Cor. Park and Dover Streets, Dover, N. H. Shoe manufacturing is steadily increasing in New Hampshire, and present indications are that it will increase still more rapidly in the future, for manufacturers find that operations can be carried on in this State' to excellent advantage, and it is becoming common for the leading Massachusetts concerns to establish branch factories here. The establishment conducted by Messrs. Woodbury Brothers can hardly be called a "branch," however, for the firm manufacture all their women's and misses' boots aud shoes at this factory, the one in Beverly, Mass., being utilized for the production of buskins and slippers. Messrs Woodbury Brothers rank with the leading boot and shoe houses of New England, their goods being very widely known among consumers and the trade. They have carried on operations in Beverly for about a score of This is years, and opened their Dover factory in 1886. located in a five-story building, 336x40 feet in dimensions, situated on the corner of Park and Dover streets. The plant of machinery in use is of the mo.st improved type, and power is furnished by a seventy five horse engine; the capacity of the establishment being 3,400 pair per day. Employment is given to 250 persons, and operations are carried on under the direct supervision of Mr. J. T. Woodbury. No trouble is spared to maintain the high reputation of the product, and as the firm are in a position to quote the lowest market rates they find no difficulty in disposing of the output. The Boston office is located at No. 31 Lincoln street, where a full line of samples may be seen. man '" — C. W. Smith, Books, Stationery, Picture Framing and Wall Papers, Bracewell Block. Dover, N. H. This popuand stationer, during the six years he has been established here, has attained a prominent position among Dover's business men. He occupies a store 30x80 — lar bookseller feet in dimensions, located in Bracewell Block, Central avenue, which contains a fine selected stock of books. Iron and Brass Castings, Machine C. E. Dovei', - MARSTON, - New Work, Prop., Hampsliii^e. The Dover Foundry and Machine Works may be said to have been established more than half a century ago, for the enterprise had its inception as far back as 1838, and after various changes in ownership, passed under the control of C. K. Marston, the present proprietor, about fifteen Mr. Marston is a native of Great Falls, N. H., years ago. and is very widely known in manufacturing circles, he having filled many important contracts and being accepted and often quoted as a competent authority on matters relating to piping, steam heating and constructional iron work. The Dover Foundry and Machine Works are spacious and well equipped, the foundry alone having an area of about 6,000 square feet. There is a large twostory machine shop, besides various out buildings, etc. Every facility is at hand for the production of iron and brass castings and the doing of general machine work and among the more important articles manufactured may be mentioned plumbers' pipe and fittings steam and hot water heating and ventilating apparatus, radiators lamp posts, hitching posts, iron columns: pulleys, shafting, and hangers; feed-water heaters, pumps, Babbitt metal, etc. Mr. Marston also deals extensively in wrought iron pipe, radiators, engines, gas fittings, steam fittings, gas fixtures, brass valves and boilers, and is in a position to figure very closely on piping, steam or hot water healing, and on iron work of all kinds. Estimates will clieerfully be made on application, and we need not dwell upon the advantages gained by placing orders in such experienced and responsiEmployment is given to from twenty to forty ble hands. assistants, and tlie most extensive commissions can be executed at short notice, while the smallest orders are assured immediate and careful attention. ; ; ; �; LEADIXO Bi'SINESS MEN OF DOVER. & Sons, 'I'aiiI. B. Williams ners aud manufacturers of OakTanned Leather Belting, KawHido, and Tanned Lace Leather, RAWHIDE LACE LEATHER. Dover. N. II, Never before was there so extensive demand for strictly first-class leather belting as is now the case, and it is easy to account for this condition of affairs, for the tendency is to constantly increase the speed of machinery and. other things being equal, the It is welihigher the speed the better the belt re(iuirtd. koown that electric dynamos call for especially high grade belts if the best results are to be attained, and the rapidly increasing number of dynamos in use is of itself enough Under to account for a large share of the demand noted. these circumstances it is not surprising that the producSons should meet with tions of Messrs. I. B. Williams a ready sale, for tlie purchaser of belting has to depend chietl3' upon the reputation of the maker to ensure being supplied with a satisfactory article. The belting and lace leather made by this firm have an unsurpassed reputation throughout the country. The business was founded nearly half a century ago by Mr. I. B Williams. The e.visting firm name was adopted in 1878, and remains unchanged, although the senior member Mr. L B. Williams ^iedin .luly. 188.j. His sons, Messrs. F. B. and G. II Williams, still continue the business and are now sole proprieiors. They are both natives of Dover, and prominent citizens. The firm are tanners and mauuficturers of oaktanned leather belting, raw hides and tanned lace leather, producing a full line of these goods, and quote the lowest market rates on goods of standard excellence. The Ckjcheco raw hide lace leather (one of their specialties) being as famous and popular a brand as can be found in the market. very large and complete plant is operated the main building being four stories in height and 150 X 50 feet in dimensions. The most improved machinery is used throughout the works and power is' afforded by a sixtyhorse engine. Employment is given to sixty men, and some idea of the extent of the business may be gained from the fact that .500 butts, equaling 1000 sides of leather, are consumed weekly into belting, and .^00 green hides per week are made into lace. The productions are shipped "1;hroughout the United States and hold a leading position wherever .they have been introduced. *.9i;^ "•^ IRODE MARK — "^ " '^^^CT — & A Crawford, Tolles & Co., Insurance, Rooms 18 aud 14 National Blo'ck, Dover, N. H. Messrs. Crawford. Tolles Co., began operations in this city in 1886, and the magnitude and character of the business built up since that comparatively recent date, show better than anything else could what is thought of the facilities they offer by the property owners of Dover and vicinity. The firm is constituted of Messrs, E. A. Crawford, A. D. Tolles and E. A. Leighton, Messrs. Crawford and Leigbton being natives of New Hampshire, while Mr. Tolles was born in Vermont, Offices are maintained at Great Falls and Farmington in addition to the one in this city, and Mr, Crawford represents the firm here and also his charge of the Farmington agency. No concern in New Hampshire is better prepared to place large lines of insurance on desirable risks at short notice, and the smallest commissions will be promptly and faithfully executed, and no pains spared to make the service reliable and satisfactory in every respect. Insurance is placed on the most favorable terms and some idea of the facilities offered may be gained from the following list of companies represented; New RampHhire Departiiunl. ^Etna Insurance Company, of Hartford, Conn., in Great Falls and Farmington; Anglo Nevada Insurance Company, of California Insurrance Company of North America, of Philadelphia. Pa.; Liverpool and London and Globe Insurance Company, London & Lancashire Insurance Company, of England of England National Insurance Company, of Hartford, Conn,; Sun Fire Insurance Company, of England; Springfield Fire and Marine Insurance Company of Springfield, Mass Fitchburg Mutual Fire Insurance Company of Fitchburg, Mass. Peoples' Fire Insurance Company of Manchester, N. H,; Granite State Fire Insurance Company of Portsmouth, N. H. Portsmouth Fire Association of Portsmouth. N. H. Capital Fire Insurance Company of Concord, N. H, Underwriter's Fire Association of Concord, N. H. also eight New Hampshire mutuals. Maini Department. Royal Fire Insurance Company of England Queen Fire Insurance Company of England Pennsvlvania Fire Insurance Company of Philadelphia, Pa. Union Fire Insurance Company of California Traveller's Accident Insurance Company of Hartford, Conn,; — & — ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; — ; ; ; ; State Agents for New Hampshire of the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company of Newark, New Jersey, �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF DOVER 36 Charles E. Hodsdon, Diamonds, Jewelry, and Rich Repairing and Engraving skillfully done, 444 Central Avenue, Dover, N. H. The stock carried by Charles E. Hodsdon is worthy the careful inspection of al] who contemplate the purchase of anything in the line of diamonds, jewelry, and rich fancy goods, for the assortment shown is unusually complete in every department, and what is more, the prices quoted are remarkably low, Fancy Goods. — Jlr. Hodsdon was considering the quality of the goods. born in Dover, and is well known throughout the city. The premises occupied are located at No. 444 Central Avenue, and is shared with Mr. Cash, dealer in boots and Some very beautiful designs in jewelry and fancy shoes. goods, are offered to select from, and the most fastidious cannot fail to find articles to please them at this establishment, for not only a full line of staple goods is carried, but also many of the latest and most fashionable novelties Wliile especial attention in jewelry, watches, clocks, etc. is paid to the quality of the optical goods dealt in, eye glasses and spectacles suited to all defects of vision being The proprietor has with him Mr. Geo. always on hand. R. Hodsdon, a practical optician and graduate from Dr. Five competent School of Optics, N. Y. Bucklin's assistants are employed, and particular care is taken to representations that are not fully justified bjf the make no facts, and hence the most inexperienced buyer may trade here with the assurance of obtaining just what he pays Special attention is given to repairing and engraving, for. and those who have valuable articles that need cleaning or repairing, wdl find Jlr. Hodsdon prepared to do the work in a skillful as well as perfectly satisfaclory manner. E. Morrill Furniture Co., dealers in Furniture, CarBedding, Dra]ierics. Curtains, and Upholstery Goods. American Hall Building and 95 Washington Street, Dover, N. H. The enterprise now conducted by the E. Morrill Furniture Co., was established about forty years ago by Mr. Edward Morrill, the present company being organIt is composed of Messrs Henry J. Grimes ized in 1889. and Mr. Charles E. Cate, these gentlemen are natives of Dover, and both are too well known in the vicinity to render extended personal mention necessary. This company occupy premises consisting of a furniture store including three floors at No 95 Washington street, alsoa pets, — factory about 7.000 square feet in dimensions, located in Accuracy and economy are the American Hall Building. combined in the various processes of production, and e.\plain3 in a great supDiy thoroughly measure the ability of the company to goods at bottom prices. Em- first-class is given to thoroughly competent assistants iiii compauj' doing one of the largest, business in furniture transacted in New Hampshire. The heaviest orders can generally be filled at very short notice, and it is worthy of note that durability as well as appearance is provided for in the construction of all work done at the factory, the stock being carefully selected and every detail of the work is executed under intelligent supervision. The legitimate result of such methods, is to be seen in the large and increasing demand for the company's goods. The stock dealt in comprises furniture, carpets, bedding, draperies, curtains, and upholstery goods, and the public will find that no more popular and desirable goods can be obtained than those offered by this enterprising company. ployment botii establishments, the A. T. Ramsdell, Architect, 450 Central Avenue, National Block, Dover, N. H. There are many advantages gained by obtaining the services of a competent architect, and in the large majority of instarces it is much cheaper to employ such aid than to try to get along without it. This is true, whether a dwelling house, a factory — is to be built, and in a somewhat extended we have yet to see the man who regretted employing a skillful architect, while we can recall many cases where an opposite course was bitterly regretted, we or a warehouse experience take pleasure in calling attention to the facilities otTered by Mr. A. T. Uamsdell, for he is thoroughly well equipped to practice his profession and is very careful in his methods and regardful of the best inlere'sts of his clients. He is a native "of York, Maine, and began operations in Dover His oflice is located at No. 450 Central avenue, in 1889. in National Block, and all communications to th-.it address Plans and are assured prompt and painstaking attention. specifications will be drawn up al very short notice, and putting the ideas of patrons particular attention is given to as to construction, arrangement, etc., into practical and convenient form. The work of building will be personally supervised if desired, and the contractors kept strictly up to their agreements as regards material, workmanship, etc. Richard A. Drew, Carriage Making and Repairing. Broadway, Dover. N. H.— People have been so often told that a thoroughly built vehicle was the cheapest as well as the best, and that it is always advisable to place orders for anything of this kind with" a thoroughly reliable concern, that it would seem entirely uncalled for to repeat such advice were it not for the fact that the sale of cheap and worthless wagons and carriages is steadily increasing. If these vehicles gave satisfaction, or anythiUit approaching. �lUSroiUCAL SKETCH OF OHEAT FALLS. we woulJ liave notliing to say against tliem, is tliey are made merely to sell, and are not only the most expensive but also the most dangerous to •Satisfaction, but the fact use in the long run. Compare them with the carriages that are made by Mr. Richard A. Drew, and the difference is plain even to one who has not had much experience in the seleclion of such articles, and the longer the vehicles are put to practical use the greater will be the ditlerence in Mr. Drew is a native of Barriugton, N. their appearance. H., and has carried on his present business in Dover since 1839. The premises occupied are located on Broadway and are of the ilimensions of 30 X 40 feet, they are tilted up with in\proved tools and other facilities to enable firstclass work to be done ai short notice as well as at moderMr. Drew is in a position to guarantee entire ate rates. Carriage making and repairing satisfaction to customers. of all kinds will be done in a careful and durable manner at very reasonable prices. O. L. Churbuck, Exchange Market, Meat, Fish and "Vegetables, Canned Goods, etc., No. 6 Third Street, near The trade in meat, fi.«h 5'ranklin Square, Dover, N. H. — 37 and vegetables has long been one of Dover's leading sources of wealth, and the establishments devoted to thii line of business here located will compare favorably as regards resources and general standing with anj' in the State. Some of them have of course special claims upon the favor of the public, and that carried on by Mr. Orlando \j. Churbuck is of particular interest from the fact tliat it is one of the most ably managed in the city. This establishment was originally founded by Mr. K. S. Trask. who was succeeded in 1886 by Messrs. Seavey & Randall, and they in 1888, by tiie present proprietor. Mr. Churbuck was born in tliis city and it is unnecessary to add, needs The premises no introduction to our Dover readers. occupied are located at No. 6 Third street, and known as the Exchange Market. It is about 800 scpiare feet in dimensions. A. very large stock is constantly carried, Mr. Clinrbuck being an extensive retail dealer in fresh and salt meats of all kinds also fresh and shell- fish, vegetables, canned goods, etc. Employment is given to four competent assistants and the business is so thoroughly systematized that every order is assured immediate and careful attention. Mr. Churbuck keeps three teams constantly employed in delivering goods. ; HISTORICAL SKETCH OF GREAT FALLS. The village of Great Falls is located in the town of Somerswortb, which was originally a part of but was set off and incorporated as a separate parish by an act passed December 19, 1729. The first settlement in the territory comprised within the original town was made about 200 years ago, in 10-30, or perhaps a year or so earlier, and about 1634 a saw mill and a " stamping mill for 3I)over, come " (as it is described in the early records) were built at Salem Falls in the present town of The first settlement is made up of territory set apart from Somersworth in 1849. Rollinsford, which within the present limits of the town was made about 1670, near Ilussey's Pond, so it will be seen that the section afterward incorporated as Rollinsford had a start of about forty years over the northern section and for many years the " meeting house," the " training ; the parish and town of Somersworth were located close by \vhat is lot," now and the centre of business of Rollinsford Junction. The original township of Dover comprised so large a territory that the residents of the more remote portions found themselves greatly inconvenienced, and in 1729 the inhabitants of the north-eastern section asked to be set off as a separate parish, for reasons clearly presented in the following petition : "The petition of the subscribers inhabitants of humbly sheveth — That the North East part of the town of Dover, the dwelling places of yo' petitioners are at a great distance from the houses worship of God in the town of Dover where your petitioners live by which their attendance thereon is rendered very difficult more especially to the women and children of their families and that in the winter season and in stormy weather, So yt they cannot pay that Honour and Worship to <Tod in publick as it is their heart's desire they could, therefore for the advancing the interest of Religion and for the Accommodation of yo'' Petitioners it is humbly prayed by them that your Excellency and the Honourable Assembly will please to sett them off as a Parrish for the maintaining tahe public worship of God amongst themselves and that they be dismiss'd from the Town of Dover as -of the public �HISTORICAL SKETCH OF GREAT FALLS. 38 to the supporting of the Settled Ministei' there, And that the Bounds of that tlieir Parish may begin? Cocheco river, and from thence to run to Varney's Hill and front thence the Town bounds on a North West point of the Compass & Your Petitioners shall ever pray as in duty bound," etc. at the Gulfs a place so called at The in the house of representatives, April 25, 1729, but action was delayed on? was not until December 19, 1T29, that the parish was incorporated. The first minister was the Reverend James Pike, who had began preaching in this part of DoverHe lived to a ripe old age and was thein the latter part of 1727 and was regularly ordained in 1730. " guide, consoler and friend " of the people of Somersworth for more than sixty years, his last sermon» being delivered in 1790. Mr. Pike was a very powerful man, a fact which was of much service to petition was read various accounts so that it I5ird's-Eye [ him in the settlement of disputes. happened upon two men who were mary It View of Great Falls. Fi-om High School Building.] is said fighting. that he and another minister in the course of a waltr The combat was brought to an abrupt end by a sum- separation of the fighters, each minister taking one bodily upon his shoulders and walking ofT with him. Mr. Pike made every one in his large parish his personal friend, and meagre as his salary was he refused to accept any of it during the hardest period of the Revolution. About all the legal documents of the parish and town relating to that time were written by him. The parish became a town April 29, 1754, and by the setting apart of Rollinsford, July 3, 1849^ the township was reduced to its present size. Somersworth was a prosperous and quite largely populated town when the Revolution broke out,, although the number of inhabitants had diminished somewhat during the preceding decade, thfc population being 1044 in 1767 and but 965 in 1775. �HISTORICAL SKETCH OF GREAT FAILS. 39 " voted thai twenty men immediraeetiiK' was held Fiiilay, April 21, 1775, at vvliich it was march from town to meet the enemy, and those who shall go shall have wages." Liberal bounbefore the war was over. ties were voted from time to time and more than fifty men were furnished In 1783 the total population was but 888, eighteen of that number being negroes. There were 285 buildings in town, 126 dwelling houses and 159 barns. The people \verc very progress from poor, and the unsettled condition of affairs following the Revolution prevented much being made, so nothing of special note occurred until 1820, when Isaac Wendell came from Dover, A ately — purchased the privileges at the Great Falls, together with a large area of land adjoining the privileges goods. on both sides of the Salmon Falls River his idea being to establish the manufacture of cotton This scheme was destined to revolutionize the quiet old town and to give birth to one of the most beautiful and prosperous villages in New England. A saw-mill and grist-mill had been built at this point in 1750, by Andrew Horn, who bought all " the land in the vicinity, and the name of " the Great Falls had been given to this part of the stream from years before because the largest fall on the Salmon Falls River is here located, the water dashing ; ledge to ledge down a distance of a hundred feet or more. Mr. Wendell erected a wooden building for a cotton factory, carding houses, work shops for the High Street, Great Falls. this property being purchased in 1823 by the Great Falls Manufacturing Company, which had been incorporated June 11th of that year with a chartered capital of $500,000. The corporation held its first meeting at Dover, July 10, 1823, Abraham Wendell being elected president, and Jacob Wendell treasurer. A contract was made with Isaac Wendell to furnish by the following January 1,280 cotton spindles, with all other machinery essential to the production of cotton goods, at $25 per spindle, W'endell to receive for this contract and for the property previously described the sum of $70,224.18. He was also made resident agent of the corporation. At this time there were but two dwelling houses on the site of the present village. In 1824 a second cotton factory of 4000 spindles was built, and in 1825 a woolen mill, having a capacity for producing 200 yards of fine broadcloth daily was erected. Another building was In 1826 the charter was so utilized for carpet weaving and as a woolen picker and dyeing house. amended as to authorize a capital of §1,000,000, and in 1827 it was again amended, the authorized building of cotton machinery, and a store capital becoming $1,500,000 at ; which amount it still remains. The company made every effort to �UISTORICAL SKETCH OF GREAT FALLS. 40 woolen maiitifacturiiig on a paying basis expensive experiments being carried out and goods being produced that compared favorably in texture, color and finish with the finest fabrics then imported but the business was found to be unprofitable and was gradually discontinued, the manufacture of carpets being given up in 1833, and in January of the following year the directors were empowered to stop the production of all woolen goods. All the stock and machinery were sold by July, 1835, and cotton machinery was substituted. The work of improving the water power, adding machinery and otherwise developing the undertsftking went steadily on and by 1859 the company had seven mills, 83,120 spindles, and 2120 looms. Steam power was first utilized in 1849, when a 180-horse engine was put into operation. A reservoir for water for fire purposes and ordinary uses in the mills was built on Prospect Hill, at a cost of $100,000, in 1S64; and water pipes have since been laid through all the chief streets in the village, the service being very efficient for the extinguishing of fires as the water has a " head " of establish ; ; , some 130 feet. Great Falls and Dam From Berwick Side. adding new buildings, substituting new stone dam was built in place of the old wooden one on the upper level, and the Milton Three Ponds dam was The whole amount expended for this and other work from 1870 to 1874 exceeded raised two feet. $900,000. The mills have been consolidated from time to time, and a striking illustration of the extent to which this has been carried out is afforded by the fact that only three mills are now operated as compared with seven mills in 1S59, but these three mills contain nearly 115,000 spindles and nearly 3000 looms, while the seven mills contained but 83,120 spindles and 2120 looms. Employment is given to from 1800 to 2200 operatives, and between twenty and thirty million yards of shirtings and sheetings are produced annually. The company control one of the most extensive and valuable water privileges in New Hampshire, it being estimated that there is about 4,000 horse-power on the three levels at Great Falls. A large amount of steam-power is also available, so the mills can be run to excellent advantage under all Between 1866 and 1869 some $700,000 were expended in turbine for breast-wheels, and in otherwise improving the plant, and in 1872 a �niSloniCAL SKETCH OF GRKAT 41 is president of liie coipoiatidii, J. Howard Xicliols is treasurer, The selling agents are Minot, Hooper & Co., of Boston. Somersworth Machine Company is another corporation which has done much to build u]) the circumstances. George P. and Charles H. Plummer, Tiie FAI^LS. G:irilner agent. town during the past forty years. It was incorporated in 1848 but did not begin business until 1851, when the manufacture of the once-famons " White Mountain " wood stove was begun at Salmon Falls. This stove was for a long time the best and most popular in the market, -ind even now a demand exists for it. The company still manufacture stoves and ranges of all kinds, together with furnaces, sinks and hollow ware at Salmon Falls and at Great Falls and Dover they manufacture pulleys, employment being given to si.\ty men at •shafting and hangers, and iron castings of all descriptions ; ; the Great Falls works. O. S. The Great Falls Woolen They Brown is president of this corporation and E. H. Gilman is treasurer. Company was organized in 1S62 and its mills were completed in 1863. Woodvale, about a mile-and-a-half from Great Falls village, and are very finely up for the manufacture of fancy cassimeres and other woolens. Employment is given to from 75 to 100 assistants, and the total value of the annual product approximates $300,000. are located at fitted View of Dam Fkom Great Falls Side. The Great Falls Gas Company originated with the Great Falls Manufacturing Company and is said to have been the first gas company incorporated in New Hampshire, the necessary act having %een passed June The service is reliable and efficient and is very generally utilized. 29, 1850. The manufacture of boots and shoes seems destined to become a very important local industry and even now is extensively carried on here, a single firm, that of C. D. Packer & Sons, employing 400 hands and producing from 2300 to 2500 pairs daily. This enterprise was not inaugurated until 1885 and its immediate and decided success affords significant indication of the advantages of the village as a manufacturing centre. Tanning is also largely carried on here and so are wood-working and stone-working, there being -extensive and valuable granite deposits in the immediate vicinity of the village. The banking facilities are excellent, being furnished by the Great Falls National Bank and the Somersworth Savincrs I3ank. �HISTORICAL SKETCU OF OREAT FALLS. 42 The former was incorporated as a Slate bank in 1846 and reorganized under the national banking laws in 1865. It has a capital and surplus exceeding 8200,000, and the bank building is equipped with burglar-proof vault, safe and locks, costing more tlian ten thousand dollars. The Somersworth Savings Bank was incorporated in 1845 and has been and is of great bendfit toIt is very ably managed and its affairs are in a most prosperous condition^ thethe village and town. total surplus profits amounting to iSl02,532.23 January 1, 1890, the increase for the year being^ 17,272.84. As a trade centre Great Falls has a more than local reputation, for the stores of the village are numerous, commodious, varied in kind and excellent in character. The magnitude of the trade enjoyed and the excellence of the railway facilities enabling local merchants to buy cheap and sell cheap, a fact very generally appreciated by the residents of adjoining sections as well as of thi»town. The stocks carried are large, varied and very carefully and skillfully chosen, and it is but simple justice to say that the merchants of Great Falls as a whole have a thoroughly well-deserved reputation for practicing strictly legitimate methods and selling goods on their true merits, the natural result being that their trade is established on a sound and permanent basis. — Few villages offer more varied attractions as a place of residence ; the magnitude and diversity of the local industries affording exceptional opportunities for obtaining congenial and remunerative employment, and the cost of living being low both as regards rents and the prices of clothing and food products. The climate make fied as to is healthful and agreeable, and the surface of the country round about the scenery notable for its is so diversi- beauty even when compared with that of other New Hampshire towns. The school system well-considered and efficiently conducted so that ample opportunity is givea an excellent library in town, knowa as the Manufacturers and Village Library, and containing some nine thousand volumes. It wasorganized in 1841 and during its nearly half-century of existence has been of very great benefit to the- is for the obtaining of a good common school education, and there is community. Several of the more prominent religious bodies have large and prosperous church societies and take it all in all the village lacks nothing England manufacturing community. Great Falls, to make it a fine example of a typical lit- Newr �; LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF GREAT FALLS. — Somersworth Savings Bank, Great Falls, N.H. It is obvious that knowledge of a perfectly secure and reasonably remuueralive means of investment is of great aid to one desirous of saving money, for when a safe and profitable place of deposit for small sums is known to one he is encouraged to go ahead and put by everj' dollar of his surplus earnings, first, because "money makes money," and a snug sum will soon accumulate with the aid' of interest, and second, because every man worthy of the name wants to secure his dependents and himself against being dependent upon charity in case of sickness or other trouble. Therefore the Somersworth Savings Bank has unquestionably been the means of causing many thousands of dollars to be .saved during tiie forty-five years of its existence, for it has alwaj-s stood high in the confidence of the public and that confidence has never been abused, but. on the contrary, been more fully deserved with every succeeding year. At the present time tliere is more than one million dollars on deposit in this institution, and the surplus over all liabilities is such as to prove very conservative management and to indicate that no safer place of deposit can be found in New England. This impression will be conflrmed by an examination of the following statement, issued April 1, 1890 : LIABILITIES. Due depositors .|1,041,61(! Guarantee fund Undivided earnings 64 48,000.00 47, .530. 76 Premium 43.371.00 RESOURCES. Loans on real estate Loans on personal security Loans on collateral security State bonds County, city, town and district bonds Bank stock Railroad bonds Other bonds Real estate Cafh $1,180,508.40 Market value. 1135.586.19 33,841.54 49,110.00 12,000.00 549,481.00 63.300.00 245, 150.00 24,000.00 68,478.29 20,561.38 $1,180,508.40 is That the progress of the bank is " upward and onward " shown by the increase in surplus profits, as given below: President. ISAAC CHANDLER. Vice-Presidents. EDWARD HARGRAVES, Secretary ALBERT A. J. STICKNET.. and Treasurer. A. PERKINS. I^-usiees. ISAAC CHANDLER, EDWARD HARGRAVES,. A. STICKNEY, O. J. BAGLEY, 6. JAMESON, H. C. GILPATRICK, JESSE R. HORNE, SAMUEL A. SEAVEY. J. THOMAS The Great Falls National Bank, corner Market and' Prospect Streets, Great Falls, N. H. The banking facilities of Great Falls are at least equal to those of any community of no greater size in the State, and indeed it is probable that they exceed those available in the majority — of villages of similar population. There are reasons for this gratifying condition of affairs of course, but it is not within our province to consider them here, our present purpose being to call attention to the excellence and comprehensiveness of the service offered by the Great Falls National Bank, the oldest bank of discount and deposit in town, and one which has been of inestinjable service in aiding in the development of local and adjacent resources. It was incorporated nearly half a century ago, being organized as a State bank in 1845, and receiving a national charter twenty years later. The institution has ever been ably and conservatively managed, and as a natural consequence has steadily held the full confidence of the public, but conservatism has never been allowed to degenerate into stagnation, the management being progressive as well as prudent. The banking rooms are located at the corner of Market and Prospect streets, and are very completely and conveniently fitted up, the equipment including a burglarproof vault, safe and locks costing more than §10,000. In this connection it is pertinent to note that the bank will receive any amount of money and issue certificates of deposit, pa.yable only to the order of the depositor, and on demand. As fire proof safes afford no protection against the professional burglars who infest the country and make: the keeping of any considerable sum in one's house positively dangerous, the value of this service is obvious. Deposits subject to check at sight are also received, and in short a general banking business is done checks, draftsand coupons being cashed and received on deposit. Draffson Boston, good throughout this country and Canada, sold at moderate rates. Orders for the purchase or sale of all marketable stocks and bonds in Boston or New York markets executed, etc. ('ollections are a.ssured prompt attention, blank forms being furnished on application. The banking hours are from 9 to 13 a. m., and 3 to 4 p. m. daily, with the exci-ption of Saturday afternoon, when the bank is closed. The institution has a capital and surplus of §300,000, and its financial condition is excellent in every respect. The officers are as follows President, AlbertA. Perkins Cashier, J. A. Stickney Directors, Joseph A. Stickney, William S Tibbets, John C. Lothrop, Isaac Chandler. Albert A Perkins, John W. Bates, S. Augut us; SURPLUS PROFITS. January January January January January January January 1, 1 , 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 $65,193.45 68,303 61 74,133.28 76.945.87 86.380.18 95,359.39 103,533.33 These figures tell their own story, and if further assurance of ths standing of the institution be nee cd it may be in the names of those identified with its management, as this is in the hands of men prominent in financial and general business circles and widely known as prudent investors the officers for the current j-ear being as follows found : : ; Seave}'. ; �— — LEADING BUSINUSS MEN OF GREAT FALLS. -44 Wimpfheimer & Company, dealers in Dry and Fancy corner Main and Fore Streets, Great Falls, N. H forty five years since Mr. A. VVimpflieiuier started this Uoiise as a "dealer in dry and fancy goods of all kinds. In 1866 he was succeeded by Wimpfheimer Bros. Co. The present firm of Wimpfheimer & Co. assumed control in 1873. This establishment certainly merits prominent mention among the enterprising firms of tliis section as a represeatative business undertaking in this class of trade. Energetic men who believe in building up their trade by honesty and fair dealing, are sure to accomplish their desired project and will sooner or later obtain a large and remuner.itive patronage, which is not to be obtained in anj' other way. It did not take long for this liouse to gain popularity or custom and this has been retained through the several changes of firms and managements, and it stands to-day as an example of well direcfeii energy and application to business The premises con.sists of two floors, one J4xC0 feet in dimensions, the other 24x-t0 feel. Employment is given to four competent assistants The jstock is large and varied, comprising foreign and ilomestic dry goods in almost endless variety. We heartily recommend this establishment to the attention of our readers as an excellent one for those who wi.sh to supply themselves with really good and desirable articles. They will not be disappointed. <jrOf)ds, It is now & afterwards working in New York City, and in Haverhill, Weymouth, and Quincy, Mass. Was afterwards cutter for H. Vesehoff, one of New Hampshire's best known tailors, whom he left in 1878 to enter business in his own name and established bis present business in Great Falls in 1878. He occupies premises located in Burleigh Block, on High street, comprising a store and work room of the respective dimensions of 20 X "10 and 18 X 50 feet, and employs from fifteen to twenty competent assistants being prepared to fill all orders at short notice. Mr. DuffiU's prices are uniformly moderate, and as his work is strictly first class we have no hesitation in guaranteeing satisfaction to all who may lake advantage of the facilities he offers. James & Sons, Tea and Coffee Store, High Street. Great Falls, N. H The admirably equipped store known by the name of James & Sons' lea and coffee store, is in all respects an excellent and noteworthy house and is one of the finest and best ordered concerns devoted to this important branch of commercial activity in Great Falls, where patrons niaj* at all limes feel assured of receiving only first class goods and the most courteous treatment. — one of the old establishments, liaving been conducted for about ten years, when the firm & Sons and has so continued for about twenty years, thns having been known to this vicinity for thirty years. A large stock is carried comprising every thing usually kept in a first class grocery. Three floors and basement, each 15 X '"iO feet in dimensions, are required for this stock. Mr. A. H. James is well known as breeder of Light Brahmas and Pekin Ducks. He also sells eggs for hatching and is manufacturer of Oiange Farm Eig Food. Mr. Samuel James with his sons A. H. and L. M. James, who constitute the firm, are natives of Lebanon, Maine. Orders are filled in the most careful and accurate manner. Mr. A. H. James also makes a specialty of raising strawberry plants in great variety for market It is by Mr. Samuel James name became James ; the demand for them h is becone quite extensive. Thomas The Cash Tailor, Burleigh Block, Bind Stand, Great Falls, N. H.— no question but that it "pays" to be well dressed when one's occupation is such that "good clothes" can be wora without injury, for appearances go for a good deal High P. Duffill, Street, opposite Tliere is in business as in social atlairs, and, other things being equil, the well-dressed man will make a much more favorable impre.ssion, sell more goods, and attract a more desirable class of customers than one who is shabby and slouchy This may seem singular to some of our in his apparel. readers, but it is a fact, nevertheless, and one that many •successful business men appreciate and profit by. The residents of Great Falls and vicinity are very favorably situated to obtain first class clothing at moderate rates, :and no local establishment does more valuable service in this direction than that conducted by Mr. Thomas P. Dufiill, for he is an experienced and skillful merchant tailor, carries a fine assortment of imported and domestic fabrics and is prepared to make garments te order in accordance with the latest dictates of fashion, the workmanship, trimmings, lit, and style being satisfactory to the most critical. He was born in England, where he .learned his trade, working on the bench with his father Great Falls Hotel, Henry S. Gray, Proprietor oppoBoston and Maine Depot, Great Falls, N. H It is important to have gool hotel accommodations in any community, but particularly so in such a place as Great Falls, for there are lew if any towns of no greater popu; site — which are called upon to entertain so many non-residents at all seasons of the year. Great Falls is not only an important manufacturing and mercantile centre, but also a very popular summer resort, and when we come to sum up the number who visit here on business or pleasure trips in the course of a year the result The Great Falls Hotel average a very large is surprising. amount of arrivals per annum, and the prospects are that this average will be materially increased in the near future, for not only are more being attracted to Great Falls every year but a larger proportion are putting up at this house, which, under its present management ranks with the most popular in this vicinity. Mr. Henry S. Gray, the proprietor, is a native of New Durham, N. H., and has had charge of the Great Falls Hotel since 1882, the house having been orignally established over sixty years ago. He makes no extravagiint announcements and does not profess to give two dollars worth of accommodation for every dollar paid, but he does take pains to see that each patron gets full value for his money and he spares no effort to keep his hotel in first-class condition throughout, and to promote the comfort of his guests in all possible ways. The beds are comfortable, the bill of fare varied and abundant and the service prompt and efficient, so the popularity of the Great Falls Hotel is not at all difficult to account for. The hotel contains fifty guest rooms, and the dining room has a seating capacity for a very large number. The house is centrally and conveniently located opposite the Boston and Maine depot, it is heated bj- steam and lighted by electricity, and offers many solid advantages to both commercial travelers and pleasure tourists. lation in the State �a LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF OREAT FALLS. F. C. Ham, Druggist, No. 3 Fore Street, Great Falls, business couducted by Mr. F. C. Ham has present position for so long a time that it is safe to saj' no one at all familiar with Great Falls cau be unacquainted with it. This business was started several years ago by Mr. F. C. Ham, and in 1883 Mr. Chas. E. Cater entered the employ of the proprietor and in 1888 became manager. There is probably no other branch of trade known to commerce in wliich so great a responsibility is incurred as there is in that carried on by the dniggist. Dealing as he does in drugs and chemicals unfamiliar to the general public, many of which agents are deadly in their effects wlien used in certain quantities, or when combined improperly with olher materials, he must rely absolutely and entirely on the knowledge, care and skill of himself and employees for the assurance, that by no fault of his, or those for whom he is morally, if not legally responsible, shall the life, or even the comfort, of theliundreds whom he daily serves, be endangered. This store managed by Mr. Cater is an example of what a prescription pharmacist's should be. The premises are 20 X 40 feet in dimensions, and contain a valuable stock of drugs and chemicals. He has also a good assortment of toilet articles and fancy goods such as are generally to be found in a first-class store of this kind. Customers are served promptly and carefully. Mr. F. C. Ham is a resident of South Berwick. Me., and is worthy the confidence of the public whom he so faithfully serves. N. H. held — The its Thomas Morgan, Groceries, South Street, Great Falls, II. One wlio has had a long and variid e.xperiene in the grocery business in Great Falls ought to be well qualified to cater to the demands of local trade, and the popularity of the establishment conducted by Mr. Thomas Jlorgan affords convincing evidence that the experience of its proprietor has not been thrown away, and also shows that the residents of Great Falls and vicinity are prompt to recognize efficient and reliable service. Mr. Morgan founded his present enterprise in 1880, and is so well known throughout this section as to make extended personal mention entirely unnecessary. He gives very close supervision to eveiy detail of the "business, is where business expenses are very low and customers are accorded the benefit, and as only thoroughly competent assistants are employed, orders can be promptly and accurately filled at all times in spite of the magnitude of the trade. Spacious premises are occupied on South street, and a very heavy stock of staple and fancy groceries, teas, coffees and spices, etc., is always on hand to choose from the goods being especially selected for family trade and being guaranteed to prove just as represented. The prices are invariably as low as the lowest, quality considered, and the service is so carefully systematized that delay or mistake in tlie delivery ot orders is of very rare occurrence point experienced housekeepers will thoroughly appreN. — : — ciate. A. D. Paunce & Son, Furnishing Undertakers, manuand dealers in CofHns. Caskets, Rolies, Habits, Flowers loose or made in any shape for Funeral Decorations. Salesroom Rollins Block, High Street, Residence, Highland St.. Great Falls, N. H.— Mr. A. D. Faunce has been engaged in the undi rtaking business in tlii-5 town for the past fourteen years, during which time he lias become widely and favorably known throughout this section, and has attained a high reputation for promptness, reliability and good taste in the discharge of the difl3cult and responsible duties which an undertaker is called upon to perfrrm. Mr. A. D. Faunce succeeded Mr. Benj. Hill in business in 1876, and in 1883 admitted his son. Mr. A. L. Faunce, as partner. These gentlemen are both natives of Oxford, Maine, and have actively interested themselves in public as well as in business affairs of Great Falls. Mr. A. L. Faunce served in the Army durour late southern war. Messrs. A. D. Faunce & Son's facturers etc. : 45:- salesroom and workshop are located in RoUin's Block, Higli street. A heavy and very carefully chosen stock is. constantly carried, for this firm ar(^ furnishing \indertakers, and manufacturers as well as dealers in coflins, caskets, robes, habits, etc. They are prepared lo furnish anything in their line at short noti('e. Also flowers, loose or made in any shape for funeral decorations. Their residence is on Highland street, and orders left here or at their salesroom are assured prompt and careful attention. - E. W. Folsom, Jeweler and Optician, Watches, Clocks, Silver and Plaled Ware, No. 8 Main Street, opposite B. & i\I. Depot, Great Falls, N. H.— The stock offered for sale by Mr. E. W. FoLsom at his spacious store at No. 8 Main street, is remarkably attractive and tlie more closely it is examined the more attractive it becomes, for it is made up of goods that have been obtained from the most reliable sources and are fully guaranteed to prove as represented. No detailed description of it is possible within the limited space at our command, for it is as varied as it is extensive and includes full lines of watches, clocks,, jewelry, silver and plated ware, sporting gooels, etc. Inspection is cordially invited, and our readers will find the time spent in looking over this stcck both profitableand pleasant. The goods are displayed to excellent advantage and callers are sure of receiving prompt and courteous attention, while the prices quoted are strictly in accordance with the lowest market rates. This house is of very long standing, having been founded in 18"i0 b}' Mr. S. B. Cole, who was succeeded in 1870 by Mr. A. F. Chandler. In 187.5 Folsom &, Foss assumed control of the Jewelry, • businessandsocontinuedunlill878 when Mr. E.W. Folsom became sole proprietor. The premises occupied will measure 18 X -iO feet in dimensions. Employment isgiven^ to three competent assistants, thus assuring prompt altention to customers. Mr. Folsom gives his personal attention to his business for which he is admirably adapted. E. A Tibbets <& Son, wholesale and retail dealers in Hardware, Paints, Oils and Varnishes, Carpenters', Mechanics' and Manufacturers' Tools and Supplies, and every variety of Carriage Wood and Iron Work Steam ; . Fitting a specialty Plumbers' Sujiplies a specialty; Great Falls, N. H. There aie few if any business centres having a larger proportion of old established enterprises ihao Great Falls, but the underlaking conducted by Messrs. E. A, Tibbets & Son is exceptional for the length of time it has Ijeen carried on, even in that community of time honored establishments. The business in question having been founded about half a century ago. "The earliest proprietor being Mr. Luther C. Tibbets, who founded it in 1841, the firm name being changed in 1845 to Tibbets & Brooks, and again in 1847 to Tibbets Brothers, the present firm assuming control in 1881. It is constituted of Mr. E. A. Tibbets, a native of South Berwick, Me and his son, Mr. W. S. Tibbets, of Great Falls. Mr. E. A.Tibbet.shas held the office of representative of Great Falls, and both members of the firm are so well known in this vicinity as to render extended personal mention unnecessary. The business, which is both wholesale and retail, has reached very large proportions, but has by no means attained its lull growth yet. for its development is still steadily going on, and with a continuance of present — ; ; , • methods can hardly fail to keep doing .so. The premises floors, 24x49 feet each in dimensions, Great Falls in addition to a spacious storeroom in Berwick. A very heavy stock is constantly carried, made up of liardware, paints, oils and varnishes. Also carpenters', mechanics' and manufacturers' tools and supplies, as well as agricultural tools of all kinds. A large assortment of plumbers' supplirs are also dealt in, and a specialty is made of steam fitting and every variety of carriage wood and iron work. Employment is given to thoroughly competent assistants, and small as well a»> large buyers are assured iminediale and painslaking atten- in use comprise four and a storehouse tion. in �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF GREAT FALLS. * °°' Main Street, Great p » *?t°T?°''t" »ery natural that particular confidence .",',, ",—"'? sliouUI be placed in a druggist who is thorouglily educated in his business, for although we are happv to say that the large majority of our Hampshire ^'•"gg'sts, New 'pharmacists are educated, competent and reliable men, still there is a prevailing impression that he who tills such a responsible and exacting position as that held by a dispenser of drugs and medicines to the general public, cannt)t liuow too much concerning the properties and effects of the agents he handles Consequently the popularity of the establishment -conducted by Z Piovencher& Co., on jMain street, is not to be wondered at in the least, for Mr. Provencher is master of his profession. This business was established in 1887 by Ager .t Provencher, then the present proprietors succeeded them in 1890, and have become widely and liivorin this vicinity. The premises occupied bv are 32 50 feet in dimensions, and contain Unown ably them and varied X a large stock, made up of drugs, medicines, chemicafs toiet articles, and the usual line of selected fancy goods to be found in a druggist's store. The compounding of physician s prescriptions is given ihemost careful personal attention, and we need hardly say that no trouble is spared to avoid the least possible error, while the charges made are very moderate. A careful assistant is employed and polite attention is given to every caller. Dorr & Hobson (.Successors to M. Bates & Co deal^'^"""' building'. Great ''^] v!uT^ J;~^'?'' ^''°??. ?°'''^'- now conducted establishment by Messrs ^. £'^;t Dorr & Hobson is one of the oldest in town, and allhou-rh i • •comparisons are odious, it woula not be just the pioo°er thin.i; to say it is the most reliable, it is cenainly as trustworthy and popular an establishment as can be found in the entile btate. Tlie business was founded in 1833 by Ba-es, the name being changed lo Bates Son and then to Moses Bates Co., ihe present firm assuming full control of affairs in 1883 The present firm is made up of Mr L. M. Uorr, a native of Great Falls, and Mr J E Hobson, of Limerick, Me., and for many years a resident of bleep Falls, Me. They are both so generally known in Great 1- alls and vicinity that we feel extended personal mention would be absurdly superflous. Nor is any eulogy of their methods necetsary in these columns, for know the men know that their business policythose who in a nut shell IS, lull value for money received," and the magnitude ot their trade ^hows how successfully this is carried out. Ihe premises made use of comprise a store 1750 square and containing a heavy, varied and '", d'raensious, 'f*-;' skiUfii ly chosen stock of dry and fancy goods, the styles offered comprising the latest novelties as well as fulf lines ot stap e goods. The prices are always in sirict accordance with the lowest market rates, all classes of trude being successfully catered to. and the employment of three com petent assistants assures prompt, intelligent and courteous attention to every caller. Moses & & • being so varied that all tastes and purses can be suited'^8'^':° 'o '"" efficient assistants, and no t,-,^fl r^'"'*" ^^ and '" attention to ovarii fi A every caller and to 'Sf,"''' 1"°™P' till orders in a manner that will prove SHt^factory to the most fastidious. Mr. Hanson was born needs no e.Ktended personal mention in these rni?r^'„°f "w h„s coumns He been identified with his present establishment since 1889, having at that time succeeded the firm of Hanson & Her.sou. He has attained a high reputation as an enterprising and honorable merchant, and his methpolite • comm Jnil™'' '"' ^""''^ P°P"''"' ^'"""S "" <^'asses in the Daniel Hodsdon, manufacturer of and dealer in Stoves and Hanges of every kind also Plumbing, Roofing and /"'•'"^'^'^d promptly and at low prices, 36 Arl';-L , dr^' Maiket btreet, Great Palls, N. H,-In view of the great «'''"™°",^ ^'"-i'-ty l^ol^V k' f"""d in the market of stoves, ranges and furf it seems almost incredible H?.ff nn that one need not be so very old to be able to when stoves were almost unknown outside remember the larger ; ^'"'- ","" " "ff°'"-' ^n impressive e^m'nfe'",'H""''^' example ol the progress made during the past quarter of S''^'*' "'""''''-' no^'adays is to choose satisf.^?n, i'l'/f factoiily from .'S the many styles offered, but this may be easily overcome by telling a reputable dealer- of the attending circumstances and being guided by his advice for ot course he knows what is best suited to your pur^"' ^'' '° ^a'i<V his Customers, ," i^f'^''''^' ? T'^ ^^ followed than to place the order wi^l Arl."'i? with Mr. Daniel Hodsdon, for he is an extensive dealer in stoves, ranges and tinware of all kinds, and not only handles the most popular styles but has a well earned reputation tor uniformly fair dealing. Mr. Hodsdon is a native of Piermont, N. H., and has been identified with his lousiness since 1865, it having been established by Nnh r ^f"'!!''"^ Messrs. Pierce & Hodsdon, who were succeeded by Hods don Brothers in 1870, the present proprietor, Mr Daniel Hodsdon assuming full control of affairs in 1883 Mr Hodsdon invented and put in market the Tip Top rangein eight different styles-in 1880. Improved same in 1884 and again in 1,S90 said range now being the most convenient and durable range the marlwt affords. Four thousand of these celebrated ranges have been sold, and hundreds of testimonials been given as to their value as a complete cooking apparatus. The premises are located at No. 26 Market street, and compri.e one floor and a basement, each covering an area of 1500 square feet. Besides carrying a full line of stoves, tinware, etc., Mr. Hodsdon IS prepared to do plumbing, roofing and gas fitting in a ttioroughly workmanlike manner at moderate rates Employment IS given to ten competent assistants, and all work undertaken will be most thorouehlv and satisfac" torily e.xecuted. " ^"'S^ •'^"'' Medicines, Orange H.-Tl.ere are many skillful aid Hampshire, tho'ugh but few can be found who can do the good work with the actual experience of .1. W. Preston, M. D., who now Cirries on the business on Orange street. This store was opened many years since, and after several changes it passed into the control of J. W. Preston, M. D., in1s84. The premises occupied measure 30x50 feet. He carries as carefully chosen a stock of drugs, medicines and chemicals as can be found in this section of the State, for a ".•- ^-^ H. M.Hanson, dealer in Meats, Provisions, and Groceries Green street. Great Falls, N. H.-Although the advantages of housekeeping lar outweigh its dis";idvautages, it must be confessed that the trialS and disappointments of the average housekeeper are many, and tli.at the larger portion of them are connected with the obtainincr of food supplies, for it is at times very difficult to obtain food and especially meats, that will prove altocelher satisfac^ 1 his IS by no means entirely the fauft of the dealer nevertheless a great saving of time, money and patience,_ may be made by trading with a reputable and well equipped house, and hence we feel that we are doins "?,.o."i' eaders a service by calling to their attention f?™? the facilities possessed by Mr. J[. Hanson, for furnishing meats, provisions, .and groceries of standard quality at the lowest market rates. The store is located Gi^en -street and is suflicieDtly roomy to accommodate a complete line of the commodities mentioned, the assortment tory. but H m mf' Tr^''^^^^\ N. bt leet Great Falls, reliable pharmacists in made of New specialty is the compounding of physicians' prescriptions necessary materials and apparatus are at hand to enalile such orders to be satisfactorily, accurately and and all promptly filled at moderate rates. A fine assortm'ent of fancy goods, toilet articles, stationery and notions is also always at hand to choose fnm. Mr". J. W. Preston who IS a native of Canada, formerly kept a drug store at Bristol, A. H. He practiced medicine for seventeen years in Plymouth, making a total practice of thirty-five that profession. years ia �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF GREAT FALLS. Chas. F. Blake, dealer in Groceries, Provisions, Countrj' Produce and Ice, corner Orange and Washington Streets, Among the various dealers in food ^Great Falls, N. H. :8iipplies doinp business in ttiis vicinity, jMr. Chas. F. Blnke should be given prominent mention, tor he is very successful \n catering to all classes of trade, and makes it an invariable rule to sell goods strictly on their merits, being -convinced that such a policy is for Ids own interests as well as for those of his patrons. Judging from the present •e.xtent and the steadily increasing magnitude of his trade, his methods are appreciated by the residents of this section. It is certainly pleasant to note a success won by the emplo}'ment of such a legitimate and liberal policy. His store has an area of 1,200 square feet and contains a heavy stock of groceries, provisions and coiintrj' produce, the assortment being so varied tliat all purses, as well as all tastes, can •easily be suited. Ice is also dealt in extensively, and as he is the only dealer in this commodity in town, the demand He is prepared to supply this very desirable is great. Employment article in any quantity that may be ordered. is given to twelve assistants, thus assuring every customer immediate and courteous attention. Mr. Blake is a native •of New Hampshire and is well known, having been in the grocery business about twenty years. He has also been selectman. — Eastman & Davis, Millinery Novelties. Trimmed Goods Savings Bank Building, High Street, Great Falls. N. H. Were a vote to be taken to establish tlie comparative popularity of the various mercantile establishments located in Great Falls, it is sure that tlie ladies would come out very strong in favor of that conducted xmder the firm name nf Eastman & Davis, for this is of in great variety. — •especial interest to the fair sex, as the firm deal exclusively in millinery goods and offer inducements which are ver)' hard to parallel elsewhere. The business was founded in 1889 by the present firm, the individual members of which are Mrs. E. Eastman, a native of York, Me., and ^liss H. L. Davis, of Newfield, Me These ladies have a large circle of friends and patrons in Great Falls and vicinity. Tliey :give personal attention to the filling of orders, employing sufficient assistance to enable commissions to be executed at short notice. The stock of millinery includes the latest fashionable novelties as well as trimmed goods in great variety. The premises occupied are located in Savings Bank building. High street, and cover an area of some 800 -square feet. The prices quoted here will bear the severest •comparison with those named elsewhere on equally desirable and fashionable goods. F. A. Hussey, dealer iu Crackers, White Bread, Cake, and Pastry, Great Falls, N. H. It it were possible to make — first-class bread, cake and pastry out of second-class materials, more public bakeries would be worthy of patronage than is now the case, although it is only fair to say that our New Hampshire bakers will as a class compare very favorably with those of other States, but still there are some establishments which deserve special commendation and among these the bakery conducted Mr. F. A. Hussey holds a leading position. This was originally opened by .J. A Locke, who after several changes was succeeded by the present proprietor in 1878. He is a native of Great Falls, and knowing his business thoroughly is enabled to turn out crackers, while bread, cake, and pastry of the finest quality, at prices winch puts his productions within the means of all. A store is miintained on High street, and a rapidly growing business is done both wholesale and retail, orders being accurately filled at short notice and at the lowest market rates. This bakery covers an area of about 1300 square feet, containing a stock which is so frequently renewed as always to be fresh and attrarctive. Mr. Hussey uses first-class materials, also em-ploys six competent assistants, and can safely guarantee satisfaction to the most fastidious customer He has been a member of the board of selectmen, and is highly leputed thriiiigliDut town as an energetic and reliable AT W. H. Tasker, Wall Papers, Borders and Ceiling DecoDrapery Poles, Sash Hods and Trimmings. Upholstering and Furniture Repairing Burleigh Block, High and old Furniture lie-covered. One of tlie must complete and Street, Great Falls, N, H. desirable stocks of imported and domestic wall papers to be found in Great Fails, is carried Ijy Mr. W. H, Tasker, located in Burleigh Block, High street, and as he quotes bottom prices on all the goods he handles, it is well worth rations, also Curtains, Fixtures, — while to visit his establishment when an}-thing in the line of wall papers, borders and ceiling decorations is wanted. There is a sufficiently large force of assistants employed, and callers may depend upon receiving prompt and polite attention and being given every opportunity to make deliberate and satisfactory choice, while goods are guaranteed in every instance to prove just as represented. The latest artistic designs in curtain fixtures, drapery poles, sash rods and trimmings are included in this stock, and new styles are constantly being received. Orders for upholstering and furniture repairing will be executed in a superior manner at short notice. Furniture recovering forms a very important department of the business, a force of experienced workmen being" employed and all orders executeil under a guarantee that botli stock and workmanship shall be strictly first-class, every detail of the work being done under careful supervision. John A. Dumas, Dry and Fancy Goods, Small Wares, Bank Building, High Street, Greait Falls, N. H —We etc., have no fear but whiit the will agree yfiih us when in this vicinity is looked ladies of Great Falls and vicinity say that no "shopping" tour as complete unless it includes we upon the establishment conducted by Mr. John A. Dumas on High street, for this store is in some respects unique and always offers many attractions impos-iible to find elsevv'here. And tlien, again, these inducements ate constantly varying because you have visited the store Monday is no reason whj' you cannot profitably visit it again Tuesday or Wednesday, for the stock is constantly being renewed, fresli novelties being added at such frequent intervals that the only way to " keep up with the times," so far as this popular store is concerned, is to visit it early and often. The business was originally founded by Mr. S. S. Chick, Mr. the present proprietor assuming control in 1887. Dumas is a native of Canada and is too generally known hereabouts to render extended personal mention necessary. He gives close attention to the supervision of affairs, and spares no pains to maintain the enviable reputation so long associated with this enterprise. Mr. Dumas is an extensive retail dealer in dry and fancy goods, small wares, cloaks, etc, and is prepared to quote the lowest market rates on ; large or small orders. The stock is exceptionally varied and complete and is made up of articles that can safely be guaranteed to prove as represented. Employment is given to seven well informed assistants. & Smith Son, dealers in all kinds of Fresli, Pickled and Fish, Oysters, Lobsters, Clams, Fresh Halibut, Mackerel and Salmon in their .season, corner of WashingThis business ton and Green Streets, Great Falls, N. H. was formerly conducted by Mr. Bradford Jones, who was succeeded in 187.5 by the present firm of Smith & Son. They carry on a large trade in fresh oj'sters, fish and lob.sters, as well as all kinds of fresh, pickled and smoked halibut, oysters, lobsters and clams. Fresh fish, mackerel and salmon in their season. Those wishing anything in this line and desiring strictly fresh and reliable goods at moderate prices would best serve their own interests by giving tliis enterprising firm a call. This house is run on true business principles in whicli a genuine spirit of accommodation prevails, and prompt and courteous attention raaj' be confidently expected by every patron. The store occupied contains about 300 square feat, and it is completely fitted for the firstclass retail Mr. L. E. Smith is a native of trade carried on here. Sandwich. N. H.. and his son, Mr. J. L. Smith, was iiorn Orders are promptly attended to and dein Great Falls. livered when promised. Smoked — �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF GREAT FALLS. 48 & Son, dealers in all kinds of Flour, C. S Beacham Grain, Feed and Sliorts, Market Street, Great Falls, N. H. tbe prominent New Hampshire houses engaged in the handling of flour, grain, feed, shoris, etc., the tirm of C. S. Beacham & Son must be given a leading position, both on account of the magnitude of its business and the many years that it has been f-uccessfuUy conducted. The enterprise has been controlled by various firms, among the earliest being that of Wright & Co., who were succeeded by Messrs. Blood & Co., who conducted it for many years, they giving place to the present concern in 1882. It is composed of Mr. Charles S. Beacham and his son, Mr. 0. Arthur Beacham. Both these gentlemen are natives of Ossi'pee, N. H., and are personally well known throughout Great Falls and vicinity. An exclusively retail business is done and exceptional facilities are enjoyed for filling the The premises occupied are heaviest orders without delay. located on Market street and cover an area of some 1,470 square feet, and is fitted up with every facility and convenience for handling the stock dealt in, the railroad running by the rear door. Every order given in person or sent by either mail or telegraph is assured immediate and painstaking attention, while the firm are in a position to quote bottom prices on all the commodities they handle. — Among John S. LeGro, dealer in Beef, Pork, Veal, Mutton and Lamb, Poultry and Vegetables, Washington Street Mar- H — There is no at tide of food that ket, Great Fails, N. varies so much in quality as meat, and as a natural conse quence there is no other kind ol food which is so diflicult to select, for even experts are deceived sometimes, and it The only really impossible to always judge correctly. sensible way to do is to find the most experienced and reliable dealer within your reach, tell him just what you want and take what he selects, for. although he will make a mistake liimself occasionally, still he will cheerfully correct it when his attention is called to the matter, for it is plainly for his interest to satisfy his customers, and he will spare no pains to do so. Jlr. John S. LeGro, who is the proprietor of the " Washington Street Market," does business on this basis, and the magnitude of the trade he has built up since he commenced operations here in 1863 shows that this method has been a successful one. He is is is widely known throughout this section. His market always contains a fine stock of beef, pork, veal, mutton and lamb, poultry and vegeAll classes of trade are tables of all seasonable kinds. catered to, and every order is assured prompt and careful attention. The lowest market rates are quoted, and all the commodities dealt in are guaranteed to prove as repre- a native of Lebanon. Me., and sented. Granite State Hotel, C. L. Bodwell, proprietor. Good Livery Stable connected. High Street, Great Falls, N. H. a traveler is the more readily he puts up with unavoidable discomforts and the less growling he does when no responsible person is at hand to complain, to but all the same he means to be comfortable if any act of his can make him so, and when he comes across a. well managed liotel he notes the fact and takes particular pains to put tip there again should he revisit the locality. This is one reason for the steady patronage enjoyed by the Granite State Hotel, for it has been in operation for many — The more experienced : years, and traveling men and others appreciative of good hotel accommodations, have long since learned that such may be found at this commodious hostelry. The Granite State Hotel has been under the able management of itspresent proprietor since 1880 and has always held a leadingposition among the representative hotels of this section of the State. Mr. C. L. Bodwell is a native of Sanford, Me., Theis highly respected throughout Great Falls. they are spaciouspremises are located on High street forty guests. and well arranged and can accommodate The sleeping rooms are attractive and comfortably furnished and the hotel is kept in excellent condition, employment being given to six assistants, and the service at theAn table and elsewhere being prompt and courteous. abundance of the best food the market affords is supplied at all seasons, and as the terms of the house are moderateit certainly well deserves its high and extended popularity. A good livery, sale and boarding stable is also maintained. and ; A. Gaudette, dealer in all kinds of Wood and Kindling, and Job Teaming, Washington St., Great Falls, N. H.— In spite of the great quantity of coal used in this vicinity,, there is still a large demand for hard and soft wood, and. one of the most prominent of tlie local dealers engaged in supplying this demand is Mr. A. Gaudette, doing businesson Washtngton street. He carries a large stock of hard and soft cut wood, slab wood and kindlings. He is prepared to give prompt and painstaking attention to every order and to fill the same at the lowest market rates. Mr. Gaudette is a native of Canada and has a well earned reputation for enterprising and reliable business methods. In addition to his wood business he does an extensive jobteaming business, and is prepared to execute all orders in this department of his business promptly, carefully and Employment is afforded to six eflicient satisfactorily. assistants and no pains are spared in either branch of the business to maintain the high reputation this establishment has borne so long. Mr. Gaudette began operations here in Great Falls about 1880, and has for some time ranked with the leading men in his line of business. Edwin A. Lewis, Cigar Manufacturer, Moore's Block, 261^ Market Street, Great Falls, N. H.— There are few persons who are not in the cigar business that have any idea of the iiumense number that are consumed in the United States every year, and not the least remarkable thing about the demand for cigars is its rapid and steady In spite of all that is urged against smoking, the increase. habit has become so general that the man who does not smoke is a rare exception, for the sensible man can see that it is the abuse of tobacco which is hurtful, and the enjoyment derived from its proper or moderate use can be obtained in no other way. The finer grades of tobacco are especially harmless, and therefore it is gratifying to know that Mr. Edwin A. Lewis, who makes a specialty of manufacturing fine cigars, is meeting with great success in his efllorts to introduce a superior article among the trade. His brand " Great Sachem," is a delicately flavored Havana He started hand-made cigar, and is in great demand. business in Great Falls in 1871, but removed to Berwick, He has been located in Moore's block. Me., in 1873. Market street. Great Falls, since 1888. The premises that he occupies contain about 900 square feet. Employment is given to six assistants, as he does a wholesale business. Goods will be delivered promptly, as all orders are attended to as soon as received. — N. Roy, :Meat JIarket, Union Stieet, Great Falls, N. H. It is all very well to argue that m«at is by no meansessential to health, and tha't a person can work hard and thrive on a diet composed exclusively of vegetables, cereals,, but the great majority of us can't consider anything etc. : unless it includes are really hungry meat a "square meal " meat in abundance, the only thing that Even assuming that one may will actually satisfy us. thrive on a strictly vegetable diet, that is no re.ason why we should give up the enjoyment of meat eating, for little if any money would be saved by so doing, and tbe enjoyment lost could not be gained so cheaply in any other way. Of course in order to really enjoy meat it must be of good quality, and one sure way to get such is to buy of Mr. N. Roy, for he makes a specialty of meats, and offers grade* He occupies a spacious suited to the most critical taste. meat market, located on Union street, and carries a full assortment of beef, pork, mutton, veal and lamb, together with poultry and game in their season. The lowest market rates are quoted at all times and the stock is sufficiently varied and complete to admit of all tastes and all pursesbeing suited. Mr. Roy is a native of Canada and is almost universally known in this vicinity, and has been connected with his present business since 1888. and when we is �— LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF GREAT FALLS. Guttman, Dentist, established 1857, Market Square, Whatever may have been the case in Great Falls, N. II. days gone by, those wlio neglect and abuse their teeth nowadays can advance no admittable excuse for doing so, for the matter has been so often and so thoroughly discussed that every person of average intelligence must appreciate, to some extent at least, the importance of keepJ. — ing the teeth in proper condition. The many who fail to do" this excuse their action or rather inaction by various more or less ingenious pleas, but when all of these are summed up and divested of side issues it will be found that they ma3' be classed under not more than lour heads, First, lack of time second, lack of money as follows third, lack of courage, and fourth, lack of di-ipositiou. Regarding the first, it need only be said that those who have not time to care for their health have no time to live regardat all, for without health life is not worth living ing the second, competent dental service may be obtained at moderate rates, and is within the means of all who regarding the third, improved apparatus, real!}' desire it : ; ; ; ; facilities, and methods liave combined to do away with and rethe pain formerly attending dental operations garding the fourth, that of course is no excuse at all, and There are many excellent dentists requires no answer. practicing in Great Falls and vicinity, and occupying a leading position among them is Dr. ,1. Guttman, who has finely furnished and conveniently located premises in Market square, Great Falls. The most improved facilities for the practice of dentistry in all its branches are provided, and operations are executed at short notice and in a thoroughly satisfactory manner. skillful, durable and Special attention is given to manufacturing and adminisDr. Guttman is a native of tering Xitrous Oxide Gas. Prussia in Germany, and has bconie widely and favorably known in Great Palls since he began the practice of his profession here in 185T, having gained an enviable reputation as a competent, gentle and careful operator. His charges are moderate, and his methods are in accordance with the accepted principles of modern dentistry, insuring results that can scarcely fail to be permanently satisfactorj- in every instance. ; J. Bickford, Groceries and Provisions, Market Square, Great Falls, N. II. It is always a good idea to trade with an enterprising house whenever such a course is possible, for the customers of a wide a-wake and progressive concern are sure to be treated with liberality and are also sure — to receive their share of any increase in the concern's prosperity. The latter statement may be disputed by some people who pride themselves on their shrewdness, and who will say that no firm is going to give its customera anything more than it has to but all the same we know it to be true, and we also know that the really successful business men are not those who keep every advantage to themselves, but rather those who share with customers and thus largely increase their trade and income, although they may lessen the percentage of their profits. The enterprise now conducted by Mr. J. Bickford in Market ; Square is a good example to mention in this connection, and we hold that Mr. Bickford is in a much better position to day than he would have been had he pursued the shortsighted policy too common in his business. A co-operative store was established in 1864, Mr. Bickford being the manager. In 1873 Mr. Bickford assumed full control of the business, since which date the name has been as at present. J. Bickford. He has built up a large retail trade, requiring the services of well informed assistants. Tlie premises occupied comprise one floor and a basement, each covering an area of 800 square feet. A large stock is carried, including choice staple and fancy family groceries of all kinds. Mr. Bickford is a native of Rochester, N. H., and is very well known throughout Great Falls. He has every facilit}' at hand to enable the many orders received to be filled with promptness and accuracy. The prices quoted are very low and the goods are strictly first-class in every respect. 49 Home, dealer in Choice Family Groceries, Teas, Coffees, Sugars, Spices, etc.. High Street, (Jreat Falls, N. H. There is no question but tliat tlie taste of the community has been educated up to a point where the diflerence between superior and inferior teas, coffees and spices can be readil}' detected, for there is a constantly increasing demand tor really desirable goods of this kind, while the inferior grades once so popular, are rapidly becoming practically unsalable. Mr. S. C. Ilorne, dealer in choice family groceries, teas, coffees, sugars, spices, etc., is entitled to much credit for enabling the residents of this section to become familiar with these choice goods, for lie has handled them for several years. He began operations here in 1880, as a member of the firm of Plummer Home. In 1887, Jlr. Home became sole proprietor. He is a native of this place, and we need hardly say has a large circle of friends here. His store is large, being 2.5x50 feel in dimensions, and he also occupies a basement for some of his stock. Visitors may always find a large and varied stock to choose from, the goods being warranted to prove as represented, while the prices are wonderfully low, quality considered. A large liusicess is done here, and his trade is steadily growing. Mr. Home has been a member of the school committee. S. O. — & Mrs. A. H. Webber, Pure Soft Candies at wholesale and fresh every day. Old fashioned Molasses a specialty. Fore Street, Great Falls N. H. There are very few people but what are fond of nice confectionery, that is when it is made of first class materials and is properly flavored and invitingly displayed. It is very easy to get such articles if you only know where to go for them. Mrs. A. H. Webber, who keeps a store on Fore street, is a wholesale and retail dealer in pure soft candies that are made fresh every day, as Mrs. Webber makes her own candy. She also has a fine assortment of bread, cake and pastry, and her ice cream will bear comparison with any in this vicinity. Mrs. Webber has recently enlarged her business by opening a dining room, where she will furnish meals at all hours and also table board for regular boarders. In her store she makes a specialty of old-fashioned molasses candy, for which she has become well known. The premises occupied are Careful assistants are em20x40 feet in dimensions. ployed that customers may be promptly attended to. Mrs. Webber, who is a native of Boston, Mass.. commenced business here in 1889, and the large and increasing patronage which she has gained proves that she understands her business and has served her customers in a satisfactory manner. Her stock is kept fresh and her prices moderate. retail, made Candy & Hurd Grant, dealers in Family Groceries, Flour, Corn, Meal, Pork, Lard, Molasses. Cash paid for Country Produce. Opposite No. 2 Mill, Main Street, Great Falls, N. H The business conducted by Messrs. Hurd & Gran6 is located opposite No. 2 Mill, Main street. For many years it has held a deservedly high reputation for furnishing first-class family groceries. The business was founded in 1873 by Cowell & Hurd, who were succeeded in 1875 by Hurd & Cate. In 1888 the present proprietors, Messrs. E. P. Hurd and G. F. Grant, assumed control. These gentlemen are both natives of Maine. Mr. Hurd has been representative. They have spared no pains to maintain and even to increase the high repute of the enterprise, the result being that it is constantly growing in popularity, and with increased patronage the firm are enabled to offer increased inducements to their customers. The premises occupied are 25x50 feet in dimensions. A heavy stock is carried, including flour, corn, meal, pork, lard, molasses, syrup, butter, cheese, fish, salt, sugars, teas and coffees, spices, fruit, confectionery, extracts, and a complete line of family supplies These goods are carefully chosen and are fully guaranteed to prove as represented. The lowest market rates are quoted on all these goods. Prompt attention is assured to every caller. Orders are carefully filled — and delivered. �LEADING BUblNESS MEN OF GREAT FALLS. 50 O. Marin, Meats and Vegetables, Main Street, Great That the successful managenieni of a retail Falls, N. 11. meat market is by no means the easy task it may seem to some is not likely to be disputed by any one who has had — :i practical experience in the matter; for in point of fact, to so carry on an establishment of this kind as to be prepared to meet all of the reasonahlc. and not a few of the unreasonable, demands of customers, and at the same time avoid being loaded down with an overstock, requires both experience and brains, and cannot be accomplished by everybody. But, however, there are not a few who seem to " have the business down tine," as the sajing is, and among these due mention should be made of the market conducted by Mr. O. Marin, located on Main street. Great This business was originally founded by Boucher Falls. Brothers in 18S7. (hey being succeeded in 1890 by the present proprietor. This gentleman Ins already attained a liberal patronage, and may be fairh- considered as one of our representative business men. Mr. Marin is a native of Canada by birth, and has not a few friends in tliis community. He is steadily adding to them by the liberal and enterprising business methods he makes constant use of, and we can strongly advise any one who appreciates firstclass provisions and square dealings to patronize Mr. Marin, as both of these are assured to every customer. Competent assistants are employed, and the stock of meats, vegetables, etc., carried is varied enough to satisfy all tasies and conditions of purses. Anson Chick, Picture Framing and Job Carpentering, Wa.shington Street, Great Falls, N. H. It may be safely set do%vn as an invariable rule that it is always best to obtain the advice and assistance of a practical man when an enterprise of any importance is contemplated, and j'et, obvious as this may seem, it is often neglected by those who propose to build or who require the services of a reA reputable and experienced builder can liable carpenter. give many valuable hints as to the details of a plan, even it is not desired to have him draw it up altogether, and if it should always be borne in mind that alterations made in a plan, alter contracts are signed and the work is well under way, are apt to cost double what they would had they been suggested in the preliminar}' stages. Mr. Ansel Chick is a job carpenter as well as a picture frame maker, and is well able to give advice relating to the planning of a house, or the alterations that may be desired in stores or houses. Mr. Chick does quite a business making screen doors and windows to order. He is prepared to do gen- — eral jobbing, also saw filing, and those desiring the services of a careful and thorough workman will do well to obtain such a man. Picture frames will be made to order in a neat and substantial manner at short notice, and at large variety of styles being on hand moderate prices. from which a selection can be made, that cannot fail to A please those who are familiar with fine work. E. Pattee, Livery, Sale and Boarding Stable, Orange There are soiue livery stable Street, Great Falls, N. H. keepers who seem to think that Iheir customers are either millionaires or else are prepared to spend half their earnS. — ings on horse hire, for the charges made are away beyond the means of the most of us, and the consequence is we are obliged to do without the enjoyment and healthfulness Now, of course it costs money to keep of driving. horses, to pa_v help and to maintain carriages, harness, etc., in good" order, and no sensible man expects to get "sometliing for nothing," but still there is reason in everything, and many stable keepers would make more money by charging lower prices. Mr. S. E. Pattee has struck the " happy medium" in his charges, for his prices are high enough to enable him to furnish first class turnouts at a fair profit and at the same time are low enough to suit anybody who doesn't want the earth for a ten-acre lot. It is evident that Mr. Pattee means to do the square thing by his patrons, and his livery, sale and boarding Mr. Pat iiess Indicate that his policy is appreciated. is a native of Goflstown, N. H., and has been identiwith his present enterprise since 1888, succeeding at that time the firm of J. O. Lord Son. He gives close personal attention to the supervision of affairs, and is prepared to let single or double teams for pleasure or business uses at very reasonable terms. The stable is located on Orange street, and callers may depend upon receiving prompt and polite attention at all times. Horses are also taken to board, and will receive every attention and care requisite for their comfort and health. Special attention being given to selling horses for either carl or driving purposes. Many fine horses suitable for such purposes being constantiv on hand. tee fied & A. B. Jeneau <& Co., one price Clothiers and Gents' Furnishers. Corner Fore and Main Streets, Great Falls, N. H. The question of where to get fashionable, well made and durable clothing at the lowest market rates is one of great importance in everj' civilized community, for proper self-respect prompts us to dress well, and ordinary prudence counsels us to get the largest possible return for our money. A large proportion of the residents of Great Falls and vicinity have answered this question to their entire satisfaction by making their purchases at the establishment conducted by Messrs. A. B. Jeneau & Co., and all competent judges who will examine the goods there offered and note the prices, will agree that one might easily go a great deal farther and fare a great deal worse, for the stock is remarkably complete and attractive and the prices are as low as the lowest Messrs. A. B Jeneau Co. founded their business in Great Falls in 1886, and the clothing business tmder their direct management is maintained at a high standard of efficienc}'. The store is located on Main street and covers an area of some 1200 square feet of space. It is well arranged and contains a full line of ready-made clothing, together with a complete assortment of gentlemen's furnishings, hats, caps, trunks and bags. The latest fashionable novelties are well represented and the goods are sold strictly on their merits and at bottom prices. Five competent and well informed assistants are employed, and every caller Is assured courteous, as well as prompt attention. — & & Belleville Daigle, dealers in Groceries and Provisions, Flour, Fruit and Confectionery, cor. Franklin and Union Streets, Great Falls. N. H. There is often as much ingenuit}' shown in explaining the success as in accounting for the failure of a business enterprise, but when an undertaking has been successfully conducted for several years It is always safe to assume that its popularity is due to solid merit. Such is the case with that now carried on under the firm name of Belleville & Daigle, for this enterprise was inaugurated bj' Messrs. Gagmon Demers in 1883. In 1887. Mr. O. Demers assumed the entire management of the business, and so conducted it until 1890, when he was succeeded by the present firm of Belleville & Daigle, who now hold a leading position among similar undertakings in this section of the State. The gentlemen comprising this firm are Mr. Fred. Belleville and Jlr. Napoleon Daigle, both natives of Canada, and are energetic and reliable business men. The premises are located at the corner of Franklin and Union streets, and cover an area of 2400 square feet, and are fully occupied by a heavy and complete stock of groceries, provisions, flour, fruit and confectionery of the best quality. The policy which has made this enterprise so prominent among Great Falls' mercantile undertakings is followed to-da_v as strictly as ever, and when one has remarked the reliability of the goods, the lowness of the prices, and the promptness and accuracy of the service, he is not obliged to ask what that policy is, nor need he be told that its ett'ect is to assure entire satisfaction to ever}' reasonable customer. Employment is given to three competent assistants, and all orders are assured immediate and careful attention. — & �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF GREAT FALLS. John Martin, Boots and Shoes, 30 Market Street. "Somerworth Mineral Spring," Great iprietor of the H.— It always provoking to be •especially so when you are purchasing of foot wear, for one's comfort is so •quality and til of the boots or shoes N. is ProFalls, imposed upon, but anything in the line dependent upon the worn, that unsatis- factory foot-wear is enough to make the best natured man ••cranky." Hence one way to maintain that even, good temper wliich makes friends, prolongs life and is one of the most valuable possessions a man can have, is to buj' your boots, shoes and rubbers of Mr. John Martin, who has a newly fitted up store at No. 30 Market street, where lip has a complete and carefully chosen stock of boots, shoes, slippers and rubbers, suited to all needs in size, widths and quality, adapted to all ages, all occupations, both rexes and all tastes, and he sells them for what they are, giving every customer the bottom facts regarding the Mr. Martin is a native of g'lods, and also bottom prices. Vermont, but has long resided in Great Palls. He opened :this store in 1890, but was formerly in the same line of the store now occupied is 20 X 60 feet trade in this town in size and is conveniently fitted up for this business. Mr. Martin is the owner of a valuable mineral spring locaied on hjs place, but a few moments' walk from the depot. The water comes boiling up out of the earth from a white, sandy bottom, is cold, of pleasant taste, but ; medicinal in its effect. Many in this vicinity have tested It merit and give unqualified testimony ol its virtues. is the purpose of Mr. JIartin to introduce this valuable spring to the public so that its benefit may be enjoyed by thousands who now are ignorant of its benefit. its H. Mellen, wholesale and retail dealer in Groceries and Provisions, Flour, Tea, Coffee and Spices, Market Street, Great Falls, N. H. The wholesale and Chzurles — not one to be chosen by a man who dislikes e.xertion, for if there is a business outside of Bawing wood or shoveling dirt that demands hard work and plenty of it from those carrying it on, it is just that This may .seem an extreme whicli we have mentioned. statement to those who have not "been there," but we no fear that anyone who has bad any personal expehave rience in the trade will contradict us in the slightest degree. Grocers who really strive to accommodate their patrons earn every cent they make, and it is therefore with pleasure that we note the prosperity of Mr. Cliarles II. Mellen, who succeeded Mr. Moses Weeks in business in 1889. Mr. Mellen has conscientiously endeavored to render an adequate equivalent for every cent paid to him and fully deserves tbe large measure of success be has attained. Ills store is located on Market street and covers an area of some 1,300 square feet. A large stock is carried, including groceries and provisions of all descriptions, flour, tea, coffee and spices. With a well stocked and well equipped •retail grocery bu-iness is store, with every facility for handling goods economically and expeditiouslj-, customers can rely on having their orders promptly iiiled. Mr. Mellen is a native of Great Falls and is one of our most energetic and public spirited local dealers and one who has the respect and confidence of the people in general. B. Etter, Artistic Pliotograpber, Market Square, Great Falls, N. H.^The eminent painter who replied " with brains, sir," when asked with what fie mixed his colors in order to obtain the wonderful effects noticeable in his work, concisely stated a truth which is too often overlooked. Want of ability is not to be compensated for by the most improved facilities, and this principle applies as forcibly to the work of the photographer as to that of the artist in colors. Anybody can procure photographic apparatu-i, and, by tlie way, about everybody nowadays does do so, but to attain artistic results in photography is quite another matter. Therefore, when we say that Mr. B. Etter is an artistic photographer and has the latest improved -app-iratus at his studio, we by no means explain tbe great -success he meets with in making accurate and beautifully 51 portraits but when we add tliat he " mixes brains " with his chemicals the cause of his success becomes evident. Jlr. B, Etter, who is a native of Nova Scotia, succeeded Mr. John H. Parker in the proprietorHe carries on this ship of the studio in question in 18H7. work in all its branches. Portraits will be copied and enlarged and finished as desired. The scale of prices will be found to be remarkably moderate, considering tlie exTwo assi-<tants are employed that cellence of the work. orders may be filled at short notice, satisfaction being guaranteed in every instance. All kinds and styles of picture frames are furnished to order at short notice. finished ; Peter Guilraet, wholesale and retail dealer in GrocerProvisions, Beef, Mutton, Pork, Lamb, Poultry, Eggs, etc. Also Fresli Fruit and Vegetables of all kinds in their season, corner Franklin and Main Streets, Great Falls, N. H —The house of Peter Guilraet enjoys an enviable reputation in con- ies, Tripe, Sausages, Butter, Cheese, nection with the sale of groceries, provisions, meats, etc., and on visiting the store carried on by this gentleman at the corner of Franklin and Main streets, it soon becomes evident that his reputation is well deserved, for one meets with prompt and courteous attention, and the stock on hand to choose from is certainly large and varied enough to It embraces the leading suit the most critical taste. brands of groceries and provisions, as well as a superior quality of meats of all kinds, with fresh fruits and vegeThe tables in thair seasons, of excellent variety. right, right, the prices are all goods are all and the service is all right, so tbe natural conclusion is that Mr. Guilmet must be doing a very large wholesale and retail business a conclusion which we are ha])py to say is fully warranted by the facts. Mr. Guilmet began operations in 1879. and his trade has been steadily developing ever since. He is a native of Canada, and is widely known in social as well as mercantile circles. Giving close personal attention and employing five com petent assistants, it is not to be wondered at that orders are promptly filled to the entire satisfaction of his cus- — tomers. J. H. Beacbam & Son, Life, Fire and Accident Insur- ance, Central Building, Great Falls, N. H. but few business men — There are in a position to personally investi- the claims made by the various and accident insurance companies, and, thereis obvious that a competent and reputable gate the .soundness of fire, fore, life it •w'ho has made a special study of the is, in a certain sense, indispensable to a community, as he is competent to give valuable advice and information regarding the companies that will best suit the individual requirements of his patrons, and offer The valuable suggestions to those 'wbo consult him. firm of J. H. Beacham & Son are doing this, and the very extensive business they enjoy is sufficient evidence that the public appreciate the courteous and liberal methThe firm is composed of Mr. ods pursued by this firm. John H. Beacham, Wolf boro. who has for many years been engagedin the business, and his son, Jlr. John L. Beacham, the junior partner, who has charge of the oflSce at No. 7 The firm also have Central Building, Gr^at Falls, N. H a branch office in Cloutman's Block, Farmington, N H., while the main offices are in Goodman's Block, Wolfboro. Tbe firm do a general insurance business in life, fire and accident, and are prepared to place risks in first-class companies on the most favorable terms, and claims and Messrs. J. II Beacham losses are adjusted promptly. & Son represent both stock and mutual companies, their list including some of the strongest companies in the world. Any information regarding life, fire or accident insurance is gratuitously given on ajiplication, by mail insurance broker, subject, or in person. �Sl 1,1,1 \ AN SciUAKE. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF BERWICK, ME. The town Berwick was originally a part of the ancient town of Kittery and was set apart and? its present name in 1713. Since that date the size of the township has been' greatly reduced South Berwicic being taken from the south side, in 1S14, and North Berwick fromthe northeastern side, in 1831. A small portion of York was annexed in 1854. The present town is^ bounded on the north by Lebanon on the east by North Berwick on the south by South Berwick, and on the west by the towns of Rochester, Somersworth and Rollinsford which are in New Hampshire, being separated from Berwick by the Salmon Falls River, on which is located thevillage of Berwick in which the business of the town is concentrated. The stream is crossed by abridge of lOO feet span, and the railway station is on the New Hampshire side, on the line of the Portsmouth, Great Falls & Conway Railroad. Berwick village began to be a manufacturing centre about 1854 and its growth, especially during of incorporated under ; ; ; Police protection has been provided sincedepartment was established in 1873 while the educational facilities are excellent, the schools being liberally supported and very efficiently managed. One of the most prominent of the public buildings is Odd Fellows Hall, dedicated in 1879. This It isis a fine brick edifice, three stories in height and thirty-two by fifty-five feet in dimensions. utilized by Echo Lodge, No. 52, and Golden Gate Encampment, No. 24 both these having been instituted in 1876. Another flourishing society, the Independent Order of Good Templars, is represented by Wilson Lodge, No. 75, organized in 1878. Saw mills were erected on the site of the village at a very early date and wood-working is still quite extensively carried on the local establishments including a sash and door factory, a bobbin factory, a modern equipped saw-mill, etc., as well as a large tannery, reed and harness factories, iron and steel shops, soap factories, carriage factories, marble works, etc. There are also some excellent stores in the village, including a very successful co-operative store established by the Sovereigns of Industry, in 1874. The majority of the dwelling houses have been erected since 1870 and are consequently modern in style as well as neat and attractive in appearance. In short, both as regards public and private buildings, Berwick makes a very favorable showing and has no reason to fear comparison with anyvillage of no greater population. the past score of years, has been both rapid and steady. 1849 and a fire ; ; ; -^- . .: �— Leadiim- Business Men of Berwick, Me. S. p. Home & Co., manufacturers of and dealers in IReady-Made Doors, Sash, Blinds and JEouldings also ;Stair Work and Brackets of all sizes, Berwick Side, Great ; placing building conFalls, N. H.— The tracts with reliable and responsible parties cannot be overmost carefully prepared plans and -estimated, for the apeciflcations will not protect the interests of the builders if their carrying out be entrusted to incompetent, careless Therefore the residents of Great -or dishonest hiinds. Falls and vicinity have reason to congratulate themselves on having so dependable a firm as that of S. P. Home & Co. to place their orders with, especially as this house is .prepared to figure very closely on all work submitted. This business was started by Mr. S. P. Ilorne, who is a native of Rochester, N. H., and carried on until 1886, •when he took in as partner, Mr. W. L. Buttertield, a native "Of Verniojit. The shop, located on the Berwick side, consists of a building two stories and attic, 3-1 X 40, and storehouse, employing six men and having a ten horse-power •engine (o turn out all their mouldings, doors, window Orders for jobbing work will be "frames, blinds, etc., etc. importance of pi I . 'filled at short notice in a satisfactory manner and at mod-erate prices, the proprietors giving their personal supervision to all. M. Nute, Shoe Jlanufacturer, Berwick Side, Great H.— This business wai founded in 1870 by Messrs. L. AL and D. H. Nute, and changed in 1882 to the present proprietor who is a native of Milton, N. H.. and very well and favorably known. Realizing tint there is a continuous demand among the trade for durable and 'thoroughly-m ule footwear at fair prices he has endeavored to fully meet it. His shop comprises three stories, 30x 17.5 tfeet in dimensions, with a fifteen horse-power engine and well equipped with every facility in the way of new He gives machinery, etc., for doing the best work. 'employment to from 100 to 150 people, turning out about 1000 pairs per day of men's, boys' and youths' calf buff and 'flesh split shoes. The largest orders can be filled at short notice. Mr. Nute has an office in B )Ston at 28 High -street, where samples are shown, but he is always pleased "to see visitors at the factory, where they receive courteous .attention, and to which place all m;iil orders should be L. N. Falls, •tkddressed. James W. Harriman, Machinist ; all in tlie best mechanical ; Hotel, 1 i I i i II W Niles, t — New Under these circumstances the question accommodations assumes no little importance, and sons of the year. of hotel it is perfectly safe to as.sert that the enviable reputation Great Falls enjoys among nonresidents is due to the nature of the accommodations provided at Grant's Hotel, for this The proprietor, Mr. E. is a well-managed establishment. Grant, is a native of Acton, Maine, and has been in business since 1873. He spares no pains to secure the comfort of guests and together with his genial liead clerk, Mr. H. W. Nile-!, employs a staff of seven assistants, so that the hotel and its appointments are kept in first class condition and The the service is uniformly prompt and dependable. Grant Hotel is very pleasantly located on the Berwick The Side, and can accommodate some thiity people. table is supplied with an abundance of seasonable food at all times, and the terms of the house are very reasonable. kinds of Repairing and at very reasonable Berwick rates Steam, Gas and Water Piping a Specialty Side. Great Falls, N. H. One of the best places to get machine repairing of any kind done with which we are familiar is at the shop carried on by Jlr. James W. Harri"man at Great Falls on the Berwick side, for this is a verj' well-equipped establishment and Mr. Harriman is an expert machinist, employs experienced help, and spares no He is a pains to thoroughly satisfy every customer. mative of Great Falls, and in 1890 succeeded Messrs. H. W. Pierce & Son, who had carried on the business since 1887. While doing all kinds of repairing in the very best fltyle and at moderate rates, Mr. Harriman makes a specialty of steam, gas and water piping and of the building of pipe fence for graves, lots and enclosures of any kind, He is •being prepared to fill orders at very short notice. :agent for stationary engines and boilers of the most ;jipproved type and also for the Spence hot water heater. conceded to have no superior in its special line. Mr. Harriman is making a specialty of this branch. Turned >done Grant's .nidliniii hipot.s. Btiwick Free Con\( ) .met C'leik. Great Falls is one of the most side. Great Falls. N. 11. Hampshire, and as it is also quite attractive towns in a business centre, it is visited by many strangers at all sea- style, ; — and cold rolled steel shafting is also dealt in to a considerable extent, and all kinds of mill work and supplies will be furnished at prices as low as the lowest in every anstance. John C. Nutter, manufacturer of and dealer in Doors, One Sashes, Blinds, etc.. Sullivan Square, Berwick, Me. of the most fruitful causes of discontent and even anger in the occupancy of a new house is to be found in the liability of the doors and sashes to "bind" and "stick" so firmly in some cises as to defy all efforts to stir them. Now of course this is at times unavoidable owing to a variety of causes which it is unnecessary to mention here, but in many instances the true explanation of the difficulty is to be found in the defective construction of the doors and sashes themselves. These defects may be in the workmanship, or they may be in the stock used, but in either case they occasion much annoyance which might easily have been entirely obviated, had well-made articles been purchased originally. The productions of Mr. John Nutter, doing business on Sullivan square, will be found to be always satisfactory and reliable and it is owing to the growing appreciation of this fact that his busine-ss shows a marked and steady increase. This business was founded by Nutter & Tibbets, who were succeeded in 1887 by Mr. John C. Nutter. Mr. Nutter is a dealer in and manufacturer of doors, sashes, blinds, etc., the best of work being done and strict attention paid to the quality of the stock Orders will be filled at short notice, and the work used. will be guaranteed satisfaclory. — �— LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BERWICK. 54: ORRIN KNOX, Wholesale dealer in Country Produce; Retail dealer in Family Groceries.. Itsiilrosxl .Mileag:e Tickvlfi Boiiglil. iiioUl SULLIVAN SQUARE, siikI Ki-nlod. BERWICK, MAINE^ Jesse R. Home, manufacturer, wholesale and retail dealer in. Hemlock, Pine and Spruce Timber and Boards of all kinds. Sawing, Jointing, Planing, Matching and Box making. Packing Boxes, etc.. Berwick^ Side, Great Falls. N. H.— The extensive mill and box factory carried on by Mr. Jesse R. Horneis located in Berwick but maybe classed among Great Falls' establishments for Mr. Uorne lives here and has for years, at one time representing Greati Falls in the State legislature. in HoehesteT, N. H., and has been identified with his present enterprise for more than fifteen years. The premises utilized by him are two stories in height and 55 TOfeet in dimensions, and are fitted up with an elaborate plant of He was born X improved woodworking ma- chinery, driven by an engine of Mr. seventy five horse power. Home is a large manufacturer of packing boxes, his facilities being such as to enable him to A. B. Spencer, dealer in Choice Family Groceries, Country Produce, Flour, Grain, etc.: also Fiirnisliing Undertaker and manufacturer of and dealer in Burial Caskets and Coffins Sullivan Square, Berwick, Maine Mr. A. B. Spencer is a naiive of Berwick, Maine, and started the undertaking business in 1808, having become so thoroughly identified with the best interests o"f the town, is loolied upon as a representative citizen, in tlie full sense of the word, having served in the army and holding the position as town treasurer. Mr. Spencer has had long and varied experience as a funeral director, and ; — is prepared to till all orders entrusted to him in that capac- with tidelity, intelligence and despatch. He will assume entire charge of funerals and furnish everything ity that is required, his facilities enabling hint to execute all at very short notice and at uniformly moderate rales. He retails and wholesales in coffins, occupying a store three stories high, yO X 5.5 feet in size, and always carrying a varied and large stock of funeral anil undertak- commissions ing mateiials and employing some five assistants. In 1886 Mr. Spencer combined with his other business a large choice family grocery store, located at Sullivan square, and his stock is always complete in every department, and sufficient assistance is employed to assure prompt, careful, and polite attention to every caller, while he is in a position to quote the lowest market prices on all the commodities dealt in. meet all honorable compelition by furnishing boxes of standard west market rales. Sawing and planing without undue delay, employment being given to from sixteen to twenty-five assistants. Mr. Horne deals extensively in lumber and can furnish it in any desired quantity at the lowest market rates. quality at the Ic L. E. Grant, Physician and Druggist, Berwick, Me. would be difficult to find an establishment of more genuine value to the community' than that cariied on by Mr. L. E. Grant, who being a native of Candia, N. H., started this undertaking in 1888, and under his able management has largely developed into a successful trade; drugs, medicines and chemicals are supplied at both wholesale and retail at the lowest rates that can be named on first class goods, and as the filling of prescriptions is given especial attention, customers may feel assured of their favors being appreciated and of their orders being handled with that skill and accuracy so desirable in this connection. Every precaution is observed that will tend to reduce the liability of error to the smallest po.«sible amount, and every facility is at hand that can aid iu attaining this result. Mr. Grant is moderate in his charges, and certainly has solved the problem of combiuing reliable service with popular prices. Stationery, choice brands of cigars and tobacco and druggists' sundries, form? another import.int department of hisbusine«s. The stock carried is fresh and acceptable, two assistanlsare employed, customers are treated wilhcourtesy, and ronsideralion. His store is 15 X 40 feet in size. It �1>AM AND Stone Bridge, Rochester. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ROCHESTER. Lines of railroad as represented on a map have been described as " index fingers, pointing out the and by following their indications on the map of Strafford county, even one entirely unacquainted with that section cannot fail to appreciate to some degree at least the comparative importance of Rochester, for railroads enter that town from six From the north comes the different directions and form a junction at and near Rochester village. Portsmouth, Great Falls and Conway Railroad, starting at Conway where connection is made with the railway systems of Vermont, New York, Canada and the West and Northwest from the northwest more prosperous and important towns and villages," ; comes the Dover and Winnipesaukee Railroad, starting at Alton Bay at the southern extremity of Lake Winnipesaukee, where connection is made with steamers to and from all the lake ports, and with the Lake Shore Railroad, a branch of Concord and Montreal system from the northeast comes the Portland and Rochester Railroad, giving direct communication with Portland, and extending from Rochester in a southerly and south-easterly direction under the name of the Nashua and Rochester The Portsmouth, Great Falls and Railroad to Nashua, N. H., and thence to Worcester, Mass. Conway Railroad takes a south-easterly course from Rochester and joins the Boston and Maine Railroad at RoUinsford Junction, and the Dover and Winnipesaukee Railroad proceeds south to Dover All these and thence under the name of the Portsmouth and Dover Railroad to Portsmouth. railroads are included in the great Boston and Maine system and by them Rochester is given direct communication with all parts of this country and Canada. Being directly on the line of travel between the sea-shore and mountain resorts an immense ; passenger traffic passes through the town during the vacation season, and at all times of year the passenger and freight services are frequent and efficient. It is obvious that a town so situated must offer many advantages for the carrying on of great manufacturing enterprises and for the conducting of mercantile undertakings, and the magnitude and high standing of the industrial and commercial establishments of Rochester show that these advantages are largely and successfully availed of, while the steady growth of the town in population and in wealth proves that it has hardly begun to reach its ultimate development, and gives ground for the �56 insrORlCAL SKETCH OF ROCHESTER. prediction that the early part of the coming century will see Rochester occupying a prominent position among NewHampshire's cities. There is certainly no good reason why such should not be the case for no community has better transportation facilities, none gives more welcome and assistance to deserving new enterprises, and few towns are more healthfully located or are inhabited by a more law-abiding, sociable and cordial agreeable people. remunerative industries, and Low cost of living, employment healthful varied in climatic hygienic conditions will do much and to build up any community and all these are to be found in the Rochester of to-day. The town lies in the eastern part of High School, Rochestek. of Straflford County and is separated from Maine by the Salmon Falls River, this stream forming Rochester's eastern boundary, while Farmington and Milton bound it on the north Somersworth, Dover and Barrington on the south, and Barrington, Strafford and Farmington on the west. The township is one of the largest in the county and contains three villages Rochester, East Rochester, and Gonic. ; : Its surface is rolling and the soil is generally fertile, some of the farms being highly cultivated and very productive. There are three rivers in town The Salmon Falls River extending the whole length of the township from north to south the Cocheco River entering about midway on the northern boundary and flowing out at the southern corner where it is joined by the Isinglass River, which first enters Rochester from Barrington at about the point that the Nashua and Rochester Railroad leaves the latter town, the stream then making an abrupt turn in its course and re-entering Barrington which : ; it again leaves to enter Rochester just before the Dover line The village of Rochester is southern centre, and East Rochester Somersworth and Milton lines. By village more far the greater part of the which like a indeed is reached. located to the east of the centre of the township is near the Salmon Falls River about business and population of the town is many large and substantial mercantile edifices, many handsome stores with plate-glass windows and other modern appointments, and many factories, some of which are very large and are fitted up with elaborate plants of the most improved machinery. Such a community naturally requires extensive banking facilities, and these are furnished by one national bank and three savings banks, or rather, to be strictly Gonic is in the the centered at Rochester appears prosperous city than a village and contains ; midway between Market Street, Rochester. �niSrORWAL SKETCH OF liOClIESTKU. 57 tli;it combines the functions of a bank of discount and The two institutions doing a two regular savings banks. aggregating $150, Olio and each has a large surplus. The accurate, by one national bank, one institution ^deposit with those of a savings bank, and general banking business have capitals .amount of savings held on deposit approximates $1,500,000. Manufacturing was begun in Rochester at a very early period in the town's history, among the ifirst establishments being saw and grist mills, fulling and finishing mills, a nail factory, a scythe factory, a cotton yarn mill, etc., but the first corporation to begin operations was tlie Mechanic's dompany, incorporated in 1834, with a capital of $15,000. This company manufactured blankets, but The business was failed in 1841 and was succeeded by the Gonic Company, which also failed. continued by private parties for a time and in 1846 passed under the control of the Norway Plains Company, incorporated with a capital of $60,000 which has since been increased to $150,000, for the "Company have been very successful in carrying on and develo[)ing the enterprise, and now operate three large mills run by water and steam power employ 440 assistants, and manufacture a fine line of ; woolen blankets, flannels and suitings. Residence of Horace L. ^\*OECESTEK. of textile falirics is also carried on successfully at Gonic and at East Rochester, no longer the representative one of the town, for of late years the business of manufacturing boots and shoes has attained immense proportions and now gives employment to more hands than all other branches of manufacture combined. One of the local shoe factories is said to be the largest The manufacture but that industry in the State, iS in all New England equal to it either in size or in comtwo large shoe shops, a taiyiery, a machine shop, a box The tannery, box factory, and large fire-proof store-house. and certainly there are very few pleteness of equipment. The plant includes factory numerous out-buildings and a machine shop do no outside work whatever, they being utilized exclusively in connection with the shoe business, and some idea of the magnitude of the latter may be gained from the fact that the capacity A The tannery can produce 1,200 sides of leather per week. -of the factory is 4,000 pairs per day. 150-horse engine furnishes the motive power, and employment is given to T50 assistants. Another large factory which turns out over 2,000 pairs per day and gives employment to some 250 operatives is carried on by one of the largest and best known shoe manufacturers in New England. He is a resident of Lynn, Mass., and maintains shops in Athol and ^larblehead, in that State. �HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ROCHESTER. 58 There are some large lumber mills The quarrying and working in town, besides sash and blind, house of granite are also carried on to some extent ; finish and box factories^ and a comparatively new- but very promising industry is that conducted by the Kiesel Fire Brick Company, incorporated in 188S with a capital of $200,000. This company make a superior grade of fire brick, tile, etc., and employ about We fifty assistants. have already spoken of Rochester's fine mercantile edifices, and need only add that their merchants as a rule carry very extensive and all the adjacent country. Someof the more prominent business men are very liberal and persistent advertisers, and the firm carryingon the largest store in town not only make liberal use of printers' ink but have their advertising signs, spread throughout the State from the White Mountains to the sea. contents are worthy of the buildings, for the skillfully local chosen stocks and ofFer inducements which draw trade from Main Street, Rochester. The local newspapers are well edited and well supported, the degree to the good sense shown by their managers in latter fact being due in no smalZ looking after and advancing their local interests. among the archives of the town shows that it was voted to but the next year the vote was the other way and as a natural consequence it was soon necessary to hold a special meeting to choose agents to defend the town which "lies under a presentiment for want of a school being kept, and to be heard and tried at the next Court of Quarter Sessions." Thereafter schools were kept for a number of years but finally the town became reckless and voted to hire no teachers but to pay whatever fine might be recovered by presentment. Thi» The earliest record relating to schools have a school in ITSO, un-American state of affairs did not last long, however, and now for many years the schools have been and are very largely attended. There has been a Masonic Lodge in Rochester foi- eighty years, " Humane Lodge," F. & A. M.^ The Odd Fellows also have lodges here, and there are having been incorporated October 2-t, 1810. liberally supported other fraternal societies of lesser note. The first meeting-house to be built regularly engaged in since that date. condition, and maintain in Rochester was erected in 1731 and divine worship has beei> The various religious societies are commodious and well-appointed church edifices. in a generally flourishing; �HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ROCHESTER. 59- We have left ourselves but little space in which to present the early history of the town, our idea being to give a sketch of the Rochester of to-day rather than an account of the Rochester of the pasf.. The town was incorporated May 10, 1722, and was named in honor of the Earl of Rochester, a The proprietors held their first meeting at Cocheco, July 9, 1722, brother-in-law of King James II. they being assembled " to consider, debate, and resolve such matters and things" as were essential to a proper observance of the conditions of the charter, the first of these being that the proprietorsshould build a house and settle a family therein within three years, and plant or sow three acres of ground within four years, those failing to comply with these requirements forfeiting all their rights in So the proprietors arranged to have the most commodious part of the township laid out into what they called " home lots," and a committee was chosen to select the best location and to So carefully was every detail looked after that th& lay out roads and a proper " train field." proprietors' clerk was authorized to obtain a " hook consisting of three quires of paper bound up in parchment, at the charge of the commoners" in which to keep the records. But "the best laid schemesof mice and men" sometimes went wrong in those days even as they do now, and the beginning of trouble with the Indians put an end to all attempts at frontier settlement for a time and so prevented the doing of anything that could fitly be recorded in that book provided " at the charge of the the property. commoners." The second meeting was held April 24, 172 7, at which a board of selectmen consisting of Captain^ Francis Matthews, Captain John Knight, and Paul Gerrish, was appointed, and these selectmen instructed the committee, which had been appointed at the first meeting, to reconsider a plan of division. At the end of five months a plan was submitted but was not satisfactory, and a surveyor was appointed to lay out the plantation in one hundred and twenty-five lots of sixty acres each, in ranges from Salmon Falls River to the Harrington line. Each share was to consist of one lot, and the location of that assigned to any individual proprietor was decided by a veritable " drawing of lots," it being governed by chance entirely. The drawing was begun in Cocheco, December 13, 1727, and The comparatively small size of the lots left by far the larger finished the next day at Oyster River. portion of the granted tract undisposed of and December 17, 1730, another drawing was held, each lot The land then divided included a large part of consisting of at least two hundred and forty acres. the territory now in Milton and Farmington, and also a level tract which was called Norway plains on account of its being covered by Norway pines. A considerable portion of this tract was left common and is now the site of Rochester village, this fact putting one in mind of the biblical saying, " The stone the builders rejected has become the corner stone of the temple." The first settler was Captain Timothy Roberts, he established himself in Rochester, December 26, 1728. The proprietors held their last meeting June 28, 1784, at which time the town clerk became proprietor's clerk, all documents were placed in his custody, and the office was vested in him and his successors forever. it was then that the first conand one wounded and captured. For several years thereafter the town suffered considerably from the Indians, but when the Revolution broke out she was in a position to render great service to the cause of freedom, and made a record of which she may well feel proud. The same may be said of her Civil War record, for she furnished two hundred and seventy-three men, and paid in bounties the sum of $64,914 responding promptly June 27, 1746, is a memorable day in the annals of Rochester for certed Indian attack upon the settlement was made, four men being killed ; to all calls for aid. Since the close of the Rebellion the town has gained wonderfully in wealth and population and her best friend can wish her no greater good than that the promise of the past and present be justified by her future. �Leading Business Men of Rochester, Ths Rochester Loan aad Banking Co., Rochester, — N. jH, The Hi)chester Loan and Banking Companj' was incorporated in 18S7 by virtue of a special charier given b}' the New llampsliire legislature, and is under the direct supervision of the banic commissioners, but the extensive use whicli has already been made of the facilities offered is not the result alone of the legal safeguards afforded (o investors, but of these safeguards combined with the prestige given by the high business and social standing of those idenlifled Willi the company, the officers and directors being known throughout the State as solid and representative business men, as will be readily agreed after reading the aniie.xed list of names Hon. Edwin Wallace, president Sumner Wallace, vice-president John L. Copp, cashier; directors, Edwin Wallace, Rochester, Hon. Frank Jones, Portsmouth, N. H. G. W. N. H. Wattles, Carroll, Iowa Sumner Wallace, Rochester, N. H. Charles B. Gafnev, Rochester, N. H. I Salinger, Rochester, X. H. C. F.Caverly, Rochester, N. H. The company has a capital of $100,000, paid in, and as a recent sworn statement .showed a surplus of .fSO.OOO and a total absence of bad or doubtful accounts and protested or overdue paper, the financial condition of the enterprise must be conceded to be exceptionally sound. Briefly stated, the advantages oflered by the corporation are as follows Receives deposits subject to check pays five acts per cent, interest (free of taxes) on savings deposits : ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; : ; ; as trustee for individuals and corporations, and ottiicially, under appointment by the court of this or other States, as financial agent offers for sale choice and conservative investment securities paying a snk rate of interest. These securities are in the form of debenture bonds, bearing six per cent, interest, payable semi-annually at the bank. They are issued in series of $100,000, and in denominations of $100. $200, $.500 and $1,000 each series being entirely separate from the others and secure.l by an equal amount of real estate first mortgages on improved property worth at least two and one-half times as much as the amount of the loan. These mortgages are duly trans ferred to trustees, who hold tbem in trust for the benefit of purchasers of the bonds, whicli run ten 3'ears but may be redeemed in five should occasion require. Well informed investors regard these debentures as being practically as good as government bonds, and say that the claim of tUe company, that its aim is absolute security to the purchaser and the prompt payment of principal and interest, is fully justified by the facts. At all events, these bonds are largely held by banks, insurance and trust companies, educational and benevolent institutions, trustees and guardians, as well as by private individuals, and the demand for them is constantlj' increasing. But few corporations have entered the business field under more favorable auspices or with brighter prospects, judging either by its past experience or future outlook. Its affairs will continue to have the same energetic, enterprising and conservative management which has gained for itself that high standing which is a guarantee to all the holders of its securities that their interests will be protected to the fullest extent. The officers of the company whose names have already been given are men of wealth and experience, and are large holders of its stock, which is a suffi•cient guarantee that the affairs of the company will be faithfully administered. ; ; N. H. E. G. & E. Wallace, manufacturers of Leather, Boots and Shoes, Rochester, X. H. The enterprise conducted by Messrs. E. G. & E. Wallace well deserves very prominent mention in an}- review of Rochester's representative industries, and its history has that peculiar interest which always attaches to the story of an undertaking built up to Operations were vast proportions from small beginnings. begun away back in 1845, by Mr. James Bodge who was succeeded by Messrs, Onion & Richards, the present firm assuming control in 1854. Both partners are natives of — Berwick, Me., and both have served as representatives, Mr E, Wallace having also served as senator. They are identified with other important enterprises besides the one under consideration, and rank with the most widely known and influential business men of Xew Hampshire. When Messrs. E. G. & E. Wallace assumed control of the business it was confined to the tanning of leather and even that was carried on on a small scale, whereas now, although the firm tan only for themselves, they operate a tannery having a capacity of 1200 sides per week and find The manufacture of that not a bit too large at times. medium and low price boots and shoes is very extensively carried on, the total capacity of the shops being 4,000 The plant of machinery in use is not only pairs per day. very elaborate but is of the most improved type, and it comprises not only machines for the carrying out of the various processes incidental to shoe manufacturing but also for the production of boxes and lor the doing of machine repairing, etc., for the firm make their own bo.xes and repair their own machinery as well as tan their own The premises utilized include one shop containing stock. three stories and a basement and measuring 170 X 3.5 with an ell 65 X 35 feet, another shop of the dimensions of 120 X 50 feet, and four stories and a basement in height, a very large tannery, a commodious storehouse, and many outbuildings of varifire proof ous sizes. A 150-horse engine is located in the centre of the works and pjwer is transmitted in four direcEmployment is given to about 750 assistants, and tions. we need hardly add that the annual product is of very feet, amount and value. The boots and shoes made by concern are very favorably known among consumers trade, they ranking with the most uniformly durable and comfortable goods in the market. No trouble is spared to keep them fully up to the standard in their several grades, and they are supplied at the lowest market rates, the most extensive orders being filled at very short great this and the notice. -^ D ENTI ST No. 5 K- McDUFFEE'S BLOCK. ROCHESTER, - - N. H. �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF ROCHESTER. H.— r. E. Wallace &, Co., Hardnare, Rochester, N. a stransier in Koehester who had no knowledge of the fact thai it is one of the most important trade centres in the State and distributes cxids over a very wide extent of country would he very liable to guess pretty near the trulh after inspecting ihe establisliment conducted by Co for this concern do an Messrs. F. E Wallace extremely large business, and its magnitude is indicated by the size of the premises occupied and the extent and The premises comprise three variety of the stock carried. floors and a basement, measuring 30 X 100 feet, together addition and a three-story storehouse 40 with a two story feet square, and the stock includes full assortments of hardware, agricultural tools, paints, oils, varnishes, glass, harnesses, horse fiirnishings, etc., the productions of the leading manufacturers being represented and the lowest market rates being quoted on all the articles handled. Despile the magnitude of Ihe business orders are assured prompt and careful attention, for employment is given to from three to six assistants, and the members of the firm exercise close supervision over the many details of tlie service and thus maintain it at a high standard of effiThe partners are Mr. F. E. Wallace, a native of ciency. Vermont, and Messrs. E. G. and E. Wallace, both of whom were born in Berwick, lie. The junior partner has served as town treasurer, and both his associates have held the position of representative, all three gentlemen being very widely and favorably known not only in business but also in social circles, while the enterprise with which they are identified is one of the most truly repre- Even & , sentative in this section of the State. Dodge's Hotel, J. Thorn Dodge, Proprietor, Central Square, Rochester, N. H.— Dodge's Hotel is so truly one of the " instiluiions" of Rochester that those who know the town must of necessity know the hf tel also, and it would be well if every city and town had a public house at which guests would be made so thoroughly comfortable This hotel has been carried on by the as they are here. Dodge family for many years, and the pre.sent proprietor, Mr. Tl. Thorn Dodge, has fully maintained its high reputation since assuming control, lor he gives the service very careful personal supervision and is always ready to do anything in reason to further the comfort and happiness of his guests. Dodge's Hotel is very conveniently located in Central square and is a commodious and well-arranged The structure having accommodations for about seventy. sleeping rooms are light, airy and pleasant, the beds and other furnishings are very comfortable and well kept, the entire house is thoroughly heated during the colder months, and in short the appointments, conditions and management are such as to make Dodge's Hotel a very The desirable place to put up at at any time of year. bill of fare is varied, the quality of the food is excellent and the quantity abundant, and the cooking is 'Satisfactory at all times. There is teams being furnished at uniformly moderate rates. an excellent livery connected", all hours, at short notice and at L. B. Moulton, Contractor and Builder, E'm Street, Rochester, N. H.— The work of the contractor and builder may be said to precede that of nearly every other trade, for houses and stores must be built before they can be occupied, and no surer index of the commercial prosperity of a community is known than that aiforded by the condiWe have, therefore, given tion of the building industry. this branch of trade considerable prominence in this book, and take pleasure in mentioning among the most reliable contractors and builders to be found in this town 5Ir. L. B. Moultfm. This gentleman has been engaged in business in Rochester and vicinity for twenty seven years, and is well known throughout the trade for the thorough character of his work and the conscientious manner in which The premises utilized are all agreements are carried out. located on Elm street and all necessary facilities are at hand to give prompt and skillful attention to orders for 6E building of all descriptions. The shop is located over a blacksmith shop where Mr. Movdton also attends to arriage repairing and wheelwright work, and also the filing From one to six men are employed according to of saws. Mr. Moulton is very moc crate in his prices, the season. and by using honest maierial and insisting upon honest workmanship he has gained a high and well-deserved rep( utation- Harrison Scule, Iron and Brass Founder Castings of kinds made at short notice Foundry near Boston & Depot, Hocliesler, N. H.— The manufacturing establishments located in Rochester and vicinity are so man}' and varied that there is a wide and increasing field for the operations of the enterprise conducted by Mr. Harrison Soule, he carrying on a very thoroughly equipped brass and iron foundry and being prepared to make castMr. Soule was born in. ings of all kinds at short notice. Middleboro, Mass., and has been identified with his present enterprise since 1879, during which time he has won,< a high reputation for turning out uniformly accurate work and for filling all orders, large or small, without undue The premii^es utilized are located near the Boston delay. & Maine depot and are 33 X tiO feel in dimensions, exclusive of an engine and boiler room, cmtaining a Mr. Soule employs three twelve horsepower engine. competent assistants and gives personal attention to the no defective work being knowingly filling of orders allowed to leave the shop. The charges made are uniformly moderate, and in short there is abundant reason for the wide popularity of this most useful enterprise. all ; ; Maine Hdvirard Davis, Wholesale Confectioner, Cocheco Experienced and enterprising Block, Rochester, N. H. grocers, apothecaries, variety store keepers and many others that could be mentioned find that it pays to carry a stock of first class confectionery, for aside from the profits made on its sale it attracts custom to other departments of their business, and verj' desirable custom too, for those who appreciate high grade confectionery are almost invaDealers first class goods also. to obtain confectionery that will give the best of would do well to place a trial order wiih Mr. riably large buyers of other who wish satisfaction Edward Davis, carrying on operations in Cocheco Block, Market street, for he does an exclusively wholesale business and is prepared to furnish thoroughly satisfactory This business was goods at the lowest market rates. founded in 1878 by Messrs. C. A. Davis tt Co., and came under the sole control of the present proprietor in 1883. He is a native of Albion, Me., and is very widely and favorably known in trade circles his siraighlfoi ward and enterprising methods having gained him many friends. Every order is assured prompt and painstaking attention and the goods are exceptionally uniform in quality and ; may confidently be guaranteed to prove as represented. David Hayes, dealer in Coal, Wood, Hay, Ice also Cement and Fertilizers; Central Square, Rochester, JS. H. — The business now carried on by Mr. David Hayes was founded several years ago under the firm name of D. ; Hayes & Sou. Mr. Hayes is a native of New Hampshire, and has been in business in Rochester for over twelve years, and is too well known here to need extended personal mention. Mr. Hayes has an office on Central square, and handles coal, wood, hay, ice, cement and fertilizers at wholesale and retail, carrying a large stock and having It is hardly necessary to say that he is storage capacity. in a position to quote ibe very lowest market rates on both orders, and to guarantee that the quality large and small of product should be up to'representations in every Employment is given to five assistants, and respect. despite Hie large l)u-<iness done all orders can, and will, be given immediate and careful attention. The business is given the personal attention of the proprietor who has the The svstem interests of his patrons in view at all times. of delivery is unusually good, thus avoiding all unnecessary delays, and the goods furnished are strictly first cla-'^s. �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF ROCnESrEll -62 N. C. Phillips, dealer in Fresh and Salt Fish, Oysters and Clams. Central Square, Rochester, N. H. There is hardly a physician of any note but wliat will agree that it would be well for the health of tlie community as a whole if more fish and less meat were consumed, for although meat is a valuable and healthful article of food, still it is hurtful when eaten to excess, and three families out of five do tmquestionably consume too much of it. — The residents of Rochester are very fortunate as far as the is concerned, for our local markets are supall seasons with an abundance of fresh and salt water lish of all descriptions. Among Rochester's dealers in these products we take especial pleasure in calling attention to Mr. N. C. I'hillipi. doing business on Central square, for he not only carries an aUractive stock of thoroughly reliable fi-h, oysters and clams, but he quotes prices as low as the lowest and caters to all classes of trade, making it a point to show uniform courtesy to every caller. Mr. Phillips is a native of Swampscott. Mass., and founded his present business in 1884, quite an extensive wholesale and retail trade is now carried on. Mr Phillips employs only competent assistants, and all orders are given prompt and painstaking attention, and every cure is taken to handle only such articles as will prove just as represented. fish supply plied at I. A. Collins, Photographer, Hanson Street, Rochester, N. H.— Probably in no branch of the arts have more improvements been made during the recent vears than in the art of photography, and the aviditv with 'which inventions of latter days have been availed o"f bv the profession, is a convincing proof of the spirit of enterprise, which has been a distinguishing feature of those interested in this most available of all arts. Business in this line was begun at the place mentioned at the head of this article in 1S81 by Mr. .1. C. Whittimore, who was succeeded in 1884 by the firm of Lampson Smith, who managed matters untU the present proprietor, Mr. I. A. Collins, became possessor of the premises. He is a native of Vermont. The appliance and apparatus used are of the best, and comprise as perfect an establishment of the kind as can be found in this section. Nothing but the very best work is here executed, while the prices are very moderate. Great care and attention is paid to each individual in regard to proper light, position and other surroundings, which are very •«S3ential in the making of a pleasing as well as a correct picture. Mr. Collins has also half of the store on the street floor where he manufactures and sells picture frames, and also sells mouldings and pictures. He emplo3's only thoroughly experienced assistants, who give polite attention to all callers. & O. A. Hoyt, dealer in Foreign and Domestic Dry Goods, Fancy Goods. Hosierv, Ribbons, Laces. Underwear, etc. Hayes' Block, Central Square, Rochester, N. H.— An •estiblishraent which stands very high in the estimation of the residents of Rochester, is that conducted by ilr. O. A. Hoyt. and located in Hayes' Block, Central square. This establishment was opened by the present proprietor in 1882. The premises occupied comprise a spacious store, 80 X 80 teet in dimensions, which contains a stock of both foreign and domestic dry goods, and fancy soods, hosierv, ribbons, laces, underwear, etc., which would not suffer bv comparison with a similar stock offered by any first-cla.s"s dry goods house. Those who wish to examine all the latest novelties in dress goods, etc., will save time and trouble by going direct to this popular store. The stock IS given close and painstaking attention, and will be found to be complete in everv detail. Low prices rule, lor the maxim, "quick sales and small profits," is fully carried out, the result being that the assortment is constantly in process of renewal, and is composed exclusively of fresh and seasonable goods. Employment is given to from four to six competent assistants," and everv caller may depend on receiving immediate and courteous attention, goods being cheerfully shown on application. Mr. Hoyt IS a native of New Hampshire, and very well and favorably known in Rochester. S. Stringer, manufacturer of Soda and Mineral Waters, Belfast Ginger Ale, Laeer. Tonic, Ginger. Pineapple' Rotit Beers, Rochester, N. H.— The development of the business conducted by Jlr. S. Stringer since its foundation in 1884, is due to the honorable business methods of the proprietor. He is a native of Portsmouth, N. H., and well and favorably known in Rochester. The premises utilized by him in his business are located on Hanson street, and are of the dimensions of 50 x TO feet and are well equipped with all the necessary facilities for carrying on the business. Mr. Stringer is a manufacturer and wholesale dealer in soda and mineral waters, Belfast ginger ale, lager, tonic, ginger, pineapple, birch and root beers, and customers may be sure of getting first-class articles when dealing with this bouse. Refined cider bottled for family use, and soda in syphon bottles may be obtained here, and soda fountains are charged to order Mr. Stringer employs three competent and reliable assistants, and as he gives the business his own personal supervision, all orders are sure to receive prompt and jjainstaking attention. He is prepared to furnish his soods in quantities to suit, and is also prepared to give prices on Birch and same which cannot C. A. Davis, fail to prove satisfactory. Manufacturing — Confectioner, Cocheco Block. Rochester, N. H. While it is a demonstrated fact that pure confectionery is not only harmless but beneficial, it is also a fact that impure or carelessly made confectionery is an excellent thing to leave alone", and hence when buying candies of any kind it is good policy to take some little pains to pa'ronize a reputable dealer. One sure way to get first class confectionery at the lowest market lales is to place the order with Mr. C. A. Davis doing business in Cocheco Block, for he is a manufacturer as well as a wholesale and retail dealer, and has won an enviable reputation for integrity and enterprise since beginning operations here in 1-77. Mr. Davis is a native of Belfast. Jle., and has had long experience in the confectionery business, being thoroughly conversant with it in every detail. The premises utilized by him have an area of 1700 square feet, exclusive of a basement and a spacious store-house, and his manufacturing facilities are such as to enable him to fill the largest orders at short notice. A complete and attractive stock is constantly carried, and as the confections are skillfully made from carefully selected material they give uniform satisfaction even to the most fastidious. Charles M. Bailey, manufacturer of and dealer in Stoves Kitchen Goods, Furnaces and Hot Water Heating, Tin Roofing and Tin Shingles a Specialty, .Job Work done at short notice, Market Street, Rochester, N. H.— The establishment conducted by Mr. Chas. M. Bailey on Market street was founded abo"ut ten years ago by Jlr. Chas. E. Ricker. who was succeeded by the present proprietor in 1836. This gentleman is a nalive of Littleton, N. H., and is thoroughly experienced in his present business. The premises occupied consist of three floors and basement 30 x 100 feet in dimensions and two spacious store-houses, where an extensive manufacturing and retail business is done. The stock handled includes stoves and kitchen goods, pumps, lead pipes, sheet lead and zinc, all of which are offered at market rates, and the tin, wooden, glass and plated ware and table cutlery sold at this establishment has an enviable reputation for general excellence. Furnaces and hot w^atar heating apparatus are made a specialty of, as is also tin roofing and tin shingles, and all kinds of tin ware is made to order at short notice. Mr. Bailey has another store in Pittsfield, N. H., where he carries on an extensive trade in coal, flour and grain, in addition to the class of goods handled here. He is prepared to do all kinds of job work at short notice, having every facility at hand for the proper executi<m of such work. Employment is given to five competent and reliable assistants, and low rales are quoted on both labor and aiid goods. �— LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BOCHESTEB. indeed a " bargain" store and no mistake, the proprietors being very close buyers and giving tin ir custcmiers a gen- A. S. Parshley, General lusurance, Rochester, N. H.— general iusurauce agency carried on by Mr. A. S. Parshley at Rochester was^'estahlished by him in 1870. A very large amount of insurance has been placed through this agency during the past twenty years, and its record The for efficient service and prompt and satisfactory settlements of lire losses is one of which those responsible for its imanagement have everv reason to be proud. The proprietor. Mr. Parshley, is a "native of Stafford, N. H., and has long since become thoroughly identitied with the interests He is a •of Rochester, and is now cliairmau of selectmen. pushing, energetic business man, and has been very suc- cessful inphicing insurance in a manner which has given He represents entire satisfaction to all parties concerned. a goodly list of strong stock and mutual companies, and the most favorable rates. is prepared to write policies at Two thoroughly experienced assistants are employed, and all communications by mail are given immediate and careThe following list shows the nature of the ful attention. Stock comservices Mr. Parshley is prepared to render Inpanies, assets— .Etna, Hartford, Conn .$10,071,510 surance Company of North America, Philadelphia, $8.National. Auglo"Nevada, Cal., $'3,569,553; 731,160; London, Lancashire, Liverpool, Hartford, $2,443,937 Eag .$2,104,080 Phffinix Assurance Corporation, LonSun Fire OfHce, London, $1,956,331; don, $1,966,132 Providence Washington, Providence, R. I., $1,164,983 New Hampshire, JLanchester, X. H., $1,588,817 Peoples' Manchester, $623,593 Granite State, Portsmouth, N. H Portsmouth Fire. Fire Mutual companies: :$456,673. Underwriters, Fitchburg, Cheshire Co., Concord & H. M. .& T. Mutuals. Also National Life Insurance of Vermont. Mr. Parshley also deals in real estate, will negotiate the purchase or sale of same, negotiate loans or take charge of ^he renting of property. : ; , ; ; , ; ; ; , ; W. Emerson & Co., Druggists, Main Street, Hayes' The position of the pliarmacist and responsibilities of both the professional and business man. and as is always the case it thus involves peculiar fitness and the combination of rare and opposite characteri-tics of mind, which we sel•dom find in one individual, in order that the duties and To the fact that these con•cares may be properly met. editions of scientific knowledge and business enterprise ;have been exceptionally well filled, is chiefly owing to tlie marked and increasing success which the establishment Co. in Hayes' Block now conducted by E. W. Emerson E. Block, Rochester, N. H. — >unites the requirements & on Main street. This establishment was founded by Mr. erous share of tlie benefits thus derived. The busine.^s was founded by Mr. E. N. Thorn who was succeeded by The firm is composed of H. M. the present firm in 1889. Hoyt and Mrs. N. F. VVallace. both of whom are natives of Rochester, their store is of the dimensions of 65 X 20 feet and a fiae stock of imported and domestic dry and fancy goods is carried, and also ladies' furnishings. Four competent and relial)le assistants are constantly employed, and prompt and courteous service is the rule of the house, and our advice to those who wish good articles and do not care to pay fancy prices is to give this establisliment an early call. J. H. Meserve & Co., manufacturers of and dealers in Mouldings, Window Frames, Doors, Brackets, Stair l?ails and Boxes, Planing, Sawing, Turning. Scroll Sawing, etc.. Lumber. Shingles, Clapboards, Glazed Windows, and Builders' Finish, A'utumn Street, Rochester, N. H.^ Jlessrs. J H. Meserve & Co. have an extended reputation for furnishing mouldings, window frames, doors, brackets, stair rails and other house fini.sh, lumber, shingles, clapboards, etc of standard quality in quanties to suit at positively the lowest market rates, and not only is this reputation thoroughly well-deserved but it is the natural and inevitable consequence of the facilities enjoyed and the methods pursued by the firm, these facilities and methods enabling all honorable competition to be easily met. The business was founded in 1876 by Mr. .7. H. Meserve, the Mr. Meserve is present firm name being adopted in 1888. native of Ruchester and is associated with Mr. George H. McDuffee a native of Minnesota. The firm buy and clear timber land and are very extensively engaged in the manufacture of moiddings, window frames, doors, brackets, stair rails, and boxes, besides doing planing, sawing, turnThe premises made use ing, scroll sawing, etc., to order. of are located on Autumn street, and comprise a two-story mill measuring 50 X 106 feet, besides several commodious , The plant of machinery in use is of the is very complete, enabling an immense amount of work to be turned out and reducing Power is furthe expenses of production to a mininuim. nished by one fifty and one forty-horse engine and employstorehouses. most improved type and ment is given to from fifteen to thirty assistants. A large stock of lumber, shingles, clapboards, glazed windows and builders' finish is constantly carried and orders can be filled without delay, the very lowest market prices being quoted to both wholesale and retail buyers. & S. F. Sanderson, who was succeeded by G. N. Shaw Co., and so continued until the present tirm assumed conThe premises are of the dimensions of :trol in 1889. 18x85 feel, and are fitted up with all necessary facilities and stocked with a complete assortment of pure drugs and Also books, stationer}', 'first-class druggists' sundries. Two reliable assistants are emtoilet and fancy goods. ployed, and special attention is paid to the prescription department, which is managed with unusual accuracy. Mr. Emerson is a native of New Hampshire, and is one of our most successful and popular pharmacists. He has had thirteen years' experience, having been in the business eleven years in Farmington, N. H., and has justly earned the esteem and appreciation of his fellow citizens. Hsirry 63 M. Hoyt & Co., Crescent Bargain Store, Imported and Domestic Dry and Faucy Goods, Ribbons, Gloves, Hoisery, Trimmings and Ladies' Furnishings, No. 4 McDuffee Block, Rochester, N. H. "All is not gold that glitters," according to the proverb, and no doubt there is not one of our readers but what has learned from sad experience that all is not "cheap "that is claimed to — Ids so. Indeed, the word "cheap" has a very elastic meaning, and it mav be so used as to convey precisely •opposite ideas at different times, but ta'ke it in the sense -of "below the regular rates." or synonymous with the 'word " bargains," and it applies very forcibly to the estab- lishment conducted by Harry M. Hoyt & Co at No. 4 HMcDuffee Block, for the "Crescent Bargain Store," is , R. Frank Tibbets, dealer in Watches, Jewelry, Silver and Plated Ware, Spectacles, etc.. Fine Watch Repairing and Engraving. No 16 JNIain Street, Wentworth Block, Among the best known and most reliRochester, N. H. — able establishments of the kind in Rochester is that now conducted by Mr. R. Frank Tibbets at No. 16 Main street, Wentworth Block. This enterprise was started by W. J. Lewis, who was succeeded by tlie present proprietor in 1882, since which date it has gained a well-earned reputation for the excellence of its wares, and the fidelity with which orders entrusted to it are filled, hence its business is With the advanceprosperous and steadilj' increasing. ment of any community in wealth, intelligence and culture, the fine arts of decoration and adornment prosper, and the skill and taste of the jeweler is brought more conTwenty years ago stantly and generally into requisition. it would have been impossible to have found customers for that class of goods, which are now really in the greatThe premises utilized by Mr. Tibbets are of est demand. the dimensions of 40 X 20 feet, and the slock carried comfinest grades of watches, and a beautiful selecprises the tion of jewelry, also silver and plated ware, spectacles, Fine watch repairing and engraving is done here in etc. the most thorough manner, and at very reasonable prices. competent assistant is employed, while the proprietor gives his personal attention to the business; he is a man of judgment and sound business principles and of superior taste in the selection of his stock. A �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF ROCHESTER. 64 3. G. Morrill & Co., Groceries and Grain. Nos. 63 and 0.5 JIain Street, Odd Fellows' Block, Rochester, N. H, By a careful examination of the commercial facilities enjoyed by the merchants of Roches- — we are led to maUe special reference to the house of Messrs. J. G. jNIorrill Co. as a representative one in the line of groceries and grain. Its rank has been secured by enterprise, energy and reliable business methods. It is located at Xos. 63 and 6.5 Main street, in Odd Fellows' Block, and was opened to the public by this firm in 1884. The premises occupied comprise a double store and basement, 60x60 feet each, with an L 1.5X60 feet, and a storehouse 22x60 feet, giving ample accommodations for the large s-tock that is constantly carried, and for the prosecution of the business upon an e.xlensive scale. Kven the most casual observe r. upon visiting this house, cannot fail to be impresse<l wilh the extent, system and completeness of the establisbment, and it may be safely asserted that in quantity, quality, freshness' and variety the stock carried here has no superior in this section. In the line of family groceries the firm ileal in the finest teas, the purest coffees and spices, the leading brands of tiour, sugars, syrups and molasses, canned goods in great variety, preserves, sauces and table delicacies of the most desirable kind. The stock of grain is always large, choice and complete, received direct from the hands of the producer, and sold, both at wholesale and retail, at the lowest market prices. Goods are promptly delivered, and customers are assured complete satisfaction, not only in the character of the goods, liut in manifest advantages in terms iind prices. The tirm is composed of Messrs. .1. G. ilorrill, a native of Maine. C. F Claverly and J L Swain, both natives of Rochester, and well and favorably known in this communily. ter, & A. V. Sanborn, Furniture. Undertaker, Floral Designs, — Hanson Street. Rochester, N. H. The business conducted by Mr. A. V. Sanborn on Hanson street is one of the best managed of its kind in Rochester. Operations were begun here by the present proprietor in 187y. He is a native of Great Falls, N, H and is one of the best known and most highly esteemed of all our resident business men. The premises made use of comprise a store 35 X 60 feet in dimensions, and three floors above, each measuring 50x60 feet. Mr. Sanborn is an undertaker and dealer in furniture, general goods and floral designs, he carrying a heavy stock, and being in a position to fill orders at very short notice, and the stock on hand is so arranged as to make examination very easy. Coffins. casketsT etc will he supplied at very moderate rates, and the assortment is sufficiently varied to allow all tastes and circumstances to be suited. Three assistants are employed, and they are thoroughly experienced and reliable. The entire charge of funerals will be undertaken if desired, and every commission will be promptly, faithfully and intellisrently exe. , cuted. Cascade House, A. A. Hayes, Proprietor, Rochester, N. H. The Cascade House is just such an establishment as the majority of travellers like to come across for its proprietor pays more attention to comfort than to style, and the consequence is that his guests obtain most satisfactory accommodations at most reasonable figures. Of course it is hard to define just what is meant by " style," for what may seem very stylish to one man niay appear — quite the opposite to another, but generally speaking, the that charge the hrghest rates for the least satisfactory service. Jlr.A. A. Hayes' house has become known as a most excellent place to "get a good sul)Stantial meal and a comfortable room for very little money, and there is not a similar establishment in this section deserving a more liberal patronage. The bill of fare is always exlensive, and at all times cf year the supply of substantials and delicacies is sufficiently abundant and varied to allow of all tastes being suited. The premises are located on Railroad avenue" and are well fitted up, and sufficient help is employed to prnmpthattend to the wants of all patrons. most "stylish" hotels are those Geo. W. Sayward, Rochester, N. H. enough — It Dining Rooms, Hanson Street,. might seem at first thought easy- manage a restaurant, but there is no man whohas had much occasion to patronize these places but what to will say that the really good ones are a small minority. Why, is not for us to state; we have our own theories on the subject, but our readers want facts raiher than theories, and are naturalh" more interested in learnirg of one good dining-room than in hearing the reasons why a half-dozen, are not good. Therefore we will hasten to call Iheir attention to the dining-rooms, conducted by Mr. Geo. W. Saj'ward and located on Hanson street, for this gentleman isone of the few who know how things should be done and spares no pains to attain satisfactory results. Mr. Sayward was born in Maine, and opened bis present place of business in 1886. The premises can accommodate twenty guests and are nicely fitted up wilh all the necessary facilities. But after all the main point to be considered in an establishment of this kind is the food, and here Mr. Sayward comes out strong, for he supplies his customers wiih the best the market allnrds, and takes measures to see that, it is properh' cooked and prompti}' and coiirteously served. Ice cream is served at all hours either by plate or quantity. Employment is given to from two to four assistants. Theprices here are very moderate, and a trial of the accommo dalions will result in another call. Mrs. M. A. Richardson, dealer in Millinery. Hair and. Fancy Goods Hair Work of every description made toorder No. 2 McDuffee Block. Rochester. There is oneestablishment in particular which the ladies of Rochester ; — ; and vicinity speak very highly of, and that is the one conducted by Mrs. M. A. Richardson at No. 2 McDuilee Block. 'This enterprise was inaugurated in 1871 by thepresent proprietress, and has been under her skillful management since that date. The premises occupied consist of half a store and are well titted up the stock on hand being displayed to excellent advantage. It comprises millinery of every description and also hair and fancy goods, and bears evidence of careful selection in every department. JIrs, Ricbardfon is a native of Maine, and has a large circle of friends and patrons in Rochester. She displays excellent taste both as a milliner and hair worker. She manufactures hair goods of everj' description, and the general appreciation of the results she attains is shown by the large patronage enjoyed. Seven assistants are employed on an averflge and all commissions are promptly executed, and uniformly moderate charges, made. Everj' thing offered for sale here is guaranteed to prove strictly as represented in every instance and the service is prompt and courteous at all times. E. P. Sleeper, Meat, Vegetables, and Cannfd Goods, Odd Fellows' Block, Rochester, N. H. An accommodating spirit and a determination to do the fair thing in every transaction are powerful aids to success in every businessenterprise, and the}' have not failed to exercise their usual effect in the case of Mr. E. F. Sleeper, who carries art business in Odd Fellows' Block, Rochester. Business was started here by Mr. J. S. Gilman, who was succeeded by Mr. J. N. Varnej', who gave place to the present proprietor during the current year. This gentleman is a nativeof Barnslead, N H.. and is well known in this community as an enterprising and reputable merchant, who neglectsno honorable means to extend his business operations. Mr. Sleeper's store is of the dimensions of 22 X 50 feet,, and he claims to have one of the best slocks of meat, vegetables and canned goods in Rochester, and certainly the assortment he exhibits of these goods is admirable, not only for its completeness, but also for the standard character of the articles composing it. A competent assistant is given employment, and everything is so arranged as to permit of the prompt and accurate filling of orders, andthose who want superior meat, etc at low prices should certainly patronize the establishment conducted by Mr. E. F. Sleeper, in Odd Fellows Block. — , �; LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF ROCHESTER. E McDuffee, Teacher of Instrumental Music, No. 9 McDuffee Block, Rochester, N. H. That a person may be a most execrable musician and at the same time an excellent teacher of music, may seem to be a paradox to J. — such of our readers as have never given the matter special thought but it is as true in the teaching of music as in that of arithmetic or language, that personal mastery of ; the subject does not necessarily involve the capacity to make its details plain to others. Of late years this fact has come to be generally appreciated, and the result is that teaching has been elevated to the dignity of a profession, being no longer considered merely a mechanical occupation which might be successfully followed by anj' one having the necessary technical knowledge. The born teacher never loses interest in even the primary principles of the art he or she may teach, and it is this exhibition of interest this ever free enthusiasm which inspires tlie most unresponsive pupils to exert themselves, and which wins complete success in many a case which would otherwise have resulted in utter failure. Those who are at all conversant with the methods followed by Mr. J. E. jNlcDuilee need not be reminded how noticeable is the interest which he takes in the progress of each of his pupils, and it is hardly necessary to add that this genuine personal interest has much to do with the success this gentleman has met with. He is considered by good -lutbority to be one of the best teachers of instrumental music in New Hampshire, and the record he has made here proves that judgment to be well founded. His rooms are located at No. 9 McDuffee Block, where full information concerning hours of tuition, terms, etc will be given upon application. — — , Edwin W. Standley, dealer in Choice Groceries, Tea, Coffee and Spices, Uocliester, N. H. Such of our readers seeking for an establishment where there may always be found a large and complete stock of groceries, wlifre the service is prompt and courteous, tlie goods relialile and the prices low, may very prolitably visit the store conducted by Mr. Edwin W. Standley on Elm street, for here is just the combination they are looking for. Doubtless many who read these lines will not need to be told of the fact stated, for ilr. Standley's establishment is already well and favorably known throughout this vicinity, and the extent to whicli it is patronized, affonls the best possible proof that the inducements offered are appreciated. Tbe proprietor is a native of Falmouth, N, H. He began operations here in 1883 as successor to Mr. Walter Standley who established the business here in 18?8. The store occupi'd Is 50 X 70 feet in dimensions, and the stock carried is a very well-selected one, comprising choice fam- — as are ily groceries, teas, coffees, spices, etc., flour quite an assortment of crockery ment is and grain, and Employ- also offered. given to four assistants, and the promptness and accuracy displayed in the tilling of orders might be profitably imitated by many establishments less extensively patronized, for two order and delivery teams are constantly employed in this work Mr. Standley is in a position to quote bottom prices, and does so every time. A very large exchange trade is carried on in farmer's produce of every description. is & Holt Morrison, Machinists and Pipers. Particular attention paid to .Job Work. (Connected with Soule's Iron and Brass Foundry.) Opposite Union Depot, Rochestee. N. The firm of Holt Morrison was formed in 1890. but the business is not of such late origin as this would indicate for it was founded in 1888 by Messrs. H— & Barry & Morrison, :\Ir. Barry being succeeded by Mr. J. H. Holt, who is a native of Biddeford. Me., Mr. N. Morrison being a native of Wolfboro, N. H. Both these gentlemen are thorough mechanit s and have an excellent idea of the needs of steam users and manufacturers in general, so the service they offer is both intelligent and comprehensive and is a distinct benefit to the manufacturing interests of this section. The firm are machinists and pipers and con- W stantly carry a good stock of 65 shafting, hangers, pulleys, pipe and fittings, engines, boilers, pumps and blowers thus being in a position to fill orders at very short notice. Pumps and blowers are specialties with this concern and will be furnished in any desired size at, the very lowest market rates. Particular attention is paid to job work, and as the shop is very thoroughly fitted up and is connected with Soule's iron and brass foundry, almost any work of their kind can be successfully undertaken, and carried out with very little delay, employment being given to six competent assistants. The shop is conveniently located, opposite the Union Depot, and has an area of between 1.500 and 2000 square feet. Joseph Pleury, Drugs and Jledicines, Orange Block, Rochester, N, H. It may seem a strange assertion to make to say that the carrying on of a large number of drug stores argue well for the public health, but there is ground for tlie statement for the simple reason that many drugs depend greatly upon their freshness for their effect, and the existence of a large number of drug stores has the result of causing each dealer to carry but a comparatively small stock of any one article, the consequence being that physicians can depend upon having their prescriptions tilled by the use of ingredients much fresher than would otherwise be possible— a fact which we commend to the consideration of the few who think that now as formerly every doctor should compound his own medicines. Mr. Howe who conducts this store is prominently known throuhout this vicinity, having been the postmaster here fot' about five years. The premises are 75x22 feet in dimensions, and contain a fine assortment of all that is usually to be found in a first-class drug store. Three assistants are employed, and great care and attention is given to the compounding of physicians' prescriptions. Mr. Fleury is a native of Suncook, N. H,, and opened his store here in 1889. He is a well known business man and the proprietor of a fine clothing establishment in his native town. Many residents of Rochester can testify to the merits of his pharmaey, and a careful examination of tbe methods pursued will convince any one of the value of such an establishment. — H.— Rochester Shoe Co., Rochester, N. There is every reason to believe that shoe manufacturing is destined to becoriie one of the most important of Hampshire industries, for many extensive eslablishments have been New opened in this State of late years and the results attained have been so favorable as to have attracted the attention of shoe manufacturers throughout the East. The Rochester Shoe Comiiauy began operations in 1884, the proprietor, Mr. F. W. Breed, being a resident of Lynn, and one ol the best known manufacturers in that " City of Shoes." He also carries on a factory at Athol and another at Marblehead, Mass.. and his productions are shipped to all parts of the country and held in high favor by both consumers and the trade. The Rochester factory is three stories and an attic in height and 46x150 feet in dimensions, and is fitted up throughout with the most improved machinery employment being given to from 2."i0 to 300 assistants, and the capacity per day being about 2500 pairs of ladies' and misses' shoes in medium and cheap grades. The Boston oftice is at No. 286 Devonshire street, and the facilities are such that tbe heaviest orders can be filled at comparatively short notice and at the lowest market ; Mr. I. L. Witherell is superintendent of the Rochester and Athol factories, and to his close and skillful rates. supervision the uniformity of merit so noticeable in the several grades produced at these establishments is to a great extent due. Some idea of the importance of Mr. Breed's plants for shoe manufacturing may be gained from the fact that his three factories have a combined capacity of 125 sixty-pair cases per day. I\Ir. Breed is very prominently known in New England, being one of the World's Fair commissioners for Massachusetts for the Chicago Fair, under appointment from President Harri- �— LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF ROCHESTER. 66 proprietor "The Glolie " Crockery Store, Market Street, Rocliester, N. H. the establishments to which general consent has accorded the leadership in their special line is that conducted by Mr. Wilder B. Neal on Market street, and "The Globe" variety store, as it called, has no reason lo avoid comparison with any similar enterprise in Rochester. We make this assertion advisedly, and after a careful review of the subject may add without egotism that we have had exceptional opportunities to form an adequate opinion regarding the comparative standing of anj' eslablishment of tlie sort mentioned. The enterprise was established in 1884 by the present proprietor who has shown from the first that he would not be content with any second place in his line of business. Mr. Neal is a native of Farmington, Me., and is widely known and highly esteemed in this communitv, because of his honorable business methods and the enterprise at his popular store. The premises used are 19x80 feet in dimensions. Crockery, tinware very and toys of all descriptions are largely dealt in. fine and large assortment of crockery and glassware is carried from which to select, and we need not inform those who have patronized thi.s store that all goods are sold at the very lowest rates, but to those who have not we will say no greater bargains are to be found in Hochesler, and certainly no such stock of goods from which to select. specialty is made of picture framing, which is done to order at short notice and at very reasonable rates. Wilder B. Neal, and Variety Among A A P. L. Chesley, Hatter, ]\Iarket Street, Rochester, N. H. Among those doing business in Rochester none is better known than Mr. F. L. Chesley, who is town clerk and has a large circle of friends, by no mean.* confined to any particular section The establishment now conducted by Mr. Chesley was founded by Sir. James Smith, who was succeeded by F. H. Orr, who gave place to C. H. Chase about 1878, the present proprietor assuming control — of the business in 1883. The premises utilized are located on Central squar.-, and are about 500 square feet in size, where a fine stock of all the latest styles of gents' hats is constantly kept on hand as well as a very complete line of gents' furnishings. Mr. Chesley's gootls are perfectly reliable, and are, in fact guaranteed to prove as represented. So that no fears need be entertained that anything bought of him will not prove satisfactory, and the purchaser can well feel sure that all he buys will be sold at prices as low as the lowest. The services of a courteous and well informed assistant are employed, and castomers are assured polite treatment and honorable dealings. H. Bumham's Ladies' and Gents' Oyster and Dining Charles W. Hoyt, Clerk; Cigars and Tobacco; Oysters constantly on hand 9 Hanson Street, Rochester, S. Rooms; ; — N. H Considering that Mr. S. H. Burnham has been engaged in feeding the public for about twenty years it would be strange if he didn't understand the business by this time, and as a matter of fact we believe he does know about there be known about for his establishment at No. 9 Hanson street, is as satisfactory a place for a hungry man (or woman eilher, for that matter) to visit as we have ever had the good fortune to find. Meals may be had at all hours, and we are sure that even the most fastidious will find no reasonable cause for complaint at the food, the cooking or the service, for all are first-class, and quantity is looked after as well as quality. Accommodations can be made to seat fifty guests, and six competent assistants are employed. Oysters are constantly kept on hand and can be served in any desired form cigars and tobacco are also carried, and every thing is .sold at very moderate prices. Mr. Burnham is a native of Farmington, N. H. he began operations here in 1861. In connection with his oyster and dining rooms, he also carries on a bakery, and is prepared to cater to parties, etc., at short notice and very reasonable terms. Mr. Chas. W. Hoyt acts as clerk for the restaurant, for which position he is all is to it, ; ; indeed, well adapted. Mansion House. N. to the F. Ham, Dramatic Profession ; Reduced Rales Sample Room Con- Proprietor. First-class nected Heated by Steam Electric Bells. Main Street, Rochester, N. H. The Mansion House was originally opened by Mr. L. H. Wtntworth in 1867. Several changes were made in the management, when Messrs. Cotton & Ham took the management of it in 1887. During the year Mr. Cotton retired, and Mr. N. F. Ham assumed sole control of the house, and the Mansion House has never been more skillfully and liberally conducted than has been the ; ; — He is a native case since Mi-." Ham became its proprietor. of New Durham, N. H.. and is one of the few men who have a " natural gift" lor hotel keeping, for it is only such men that are able to so manage as to make their guests While at the same feel perfectly at home and at ease. time maintaining that order and propriety essential to the conduct of a really first class house. The house is located on Main street. It is out with electric heated by steam and is fitted throughThe beds and other furnishings Employment is in every particular. bells. are strictly first-class given to from eight to ten competent assistants, and the service, at the table and elsewhere, is prompt, intelligent and courteous. The house has accommodation for sixty gives special attention to the cmsine, Mr. guests. and the bill of fare is varied enough to suit all tastes, while the best the market afibrds is placed before the There is a' finely guests at all seasons of the year. equipped sample room connected with the hotel. The terms to all are very moderate, while reduced rates are given to the dramatic profession, and all strangers visiting Ham Rochester may avoid much annoyance by putting up at the house. good livery stable is connected with the hotel, where first class livery accommodations can be had at moderate charges. A Wm. Bell, Dry Goods and Groceries, River Street, Generally speaking, it is safe to say that it always pays for a business man to keep faith with his customers, and, although there are some who believe differently, and think that "sharp practice" is profitable and " smart," the success they generally meet with is not pronounced enough to prove their position. The enviable reputation held by the establishment conducted by Mr. Wm. Bell on River street could never have been built up by questionable methods, and the projirietor may well take pride in maintaining an enterprise which has so good a name in the community. Mr. Bell opened his present store in 1879, since which date his business has increased to such proportions as to require the enlargement of his store in connection with which he uses a roomy storeHe carries a fine stock of staple and fancy grohouse. ceries, and also dry goods, which have been carefully selected and are of a qualitj- which renders them acceptThe prices on all goods are able to the most fastidious. below the average. Only capable assistants are employed. Orders are promptly and carefully filled, and every caller is assured immediate attention and courteous treatment. Rochester, N. H. — — �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF BOCEESTER. 07 ized by him in carrying on his business is of the dimen sions of 60 25 feet in which a tine stock is to lie seen, consisting of stoves, furnaces and ranges, and tin, iron, Mr. glass and wooden ware is handled in great variety. Cooper is prepared lo (|Uote the lowest market rates on all goods dealt in. and to guarantee everything to be exactly From one to three expeas represented in every instance. rienced assistants are employed who are courteous and Roofing and furnace Wr^rk is l>ronipt in all respects. given special attention, and repairing of all descriptions is — X done most thorough manner and in a facilities for i;ives all doing such work being work his own at small prices, llie first class. Mr. Cooper personal supervision. Rochester Steam Laundry, George F. Willey, Jr proCorner Main and Arrow prietor. All Gooils C. (). D. sometimes hear pcple say Streets, Rochester, N. H. Ibey can't afford to send their clothes to a public laundry, , — We butin the majority of such cases if the matter were accurately figured out it would be found that as a matter of fact, they can't afford to have their washing done at liomi', Everybody knows how " washif they did but know it. day " upsets the average family, making a vast amount of rxtra work, causing everybody to feel uncomfortable and lining the house with steam and bad odors, and many know that physicians trace many a case of serious sickness "economical" practice, which thus saves laundry and gives the doctor a chance to make a dollar. I'hose who patronize a laundry have one solid satisfaction all events, they know just what this washing is costing iliera, and that is much more than can be said of those who consume fuel, hire help and expose their families to sickness, and after all don't attain half such satisfactory results as are assured to all sending their goods to a firstlo this liills il class public establishment, as, for instance, the Rochester Steam Laundry, located on the corner of Main and Arrow TiLTON (S: Krhards, Sole Agents. & Richards, Watchmakers and Jewelers, No. 3 McDufEee Block, Uociiester, N. H.— The establishment located at No 2 McDuffee Block, occupies a prominent It is one of position among similar houses in this town. the most complete and attractive stores of its kind in reliable stock of goods embracing Rochester, and curries a a fine variety of watches, clocks, jewelry, and optical goods. The store (or rather tlie half store, as part of it is devoted to the sale of fancy goods, etc.) is 20 X 80 feet in dimensions. The proprietors, Messrs. G. H. Tilton and F. I. Richards are both natives of Rochester, and ire very well known and highly esteemed gentlemen. They began operations here in 1888 as successors to Jlr. M. H. Osgood, who had then carried on the business for about twelve The firm conduct their business on a high plan of years honor with fair representation of all goods, and one price, They have always tried to carry on that the very lowest. business to the satisfaction of their patrons, and from the amount of patronage now enjoyed it is fair to presume they have succeeded. Special attention is paid to the repairing of watches, jewelry, etc., and the most intricate job will be satisfactorily performed in a workmanlike manner at exceedingly moderate rates. Special attention given to fitting glasses and spectacles to impaired vision. A good line of optical goods in stock. Tilton Leroy G. Cooper, Stoves, Furnaces, Ranges, Repairing Roofing and Furnace work. of all kinds done to order. Tin, Iron, Glass, Japan and Wooden Ware, 44 Market Street, Rochester, N. H.— The establishment conducted by Mr. Leroy G. Cooper at No. 44 Market street, has only been in operation a short time, but during that time has proved entirely successful as is only natural as the proprietor has spared no pains to completely satisfy all those — who have question is given him their custom. The gentleman in a native of Parsonsfield, Me. The store util- The proprietor of this popular enterprise, Mr. George F. Willey, Jr., is a native of this town, and has carried on business here 8in,ce 1885, and has built up an extensive and desirable patronage, which is steadily The business has increased to such proporincreasing. tions that the old quarters occupied recently on Central Square could not accommodate it and the proprietor was forced to provide new quarters with greatly increaseii facilities for doing the work, both in room and improved machinery, hence the present site, formerly known as Cole's estate, was obtained, and a new two-story building, 00x40 feet, was built, with a fine basement under the whole. This building has been fitted up and new machinery added to the plant before in use at an expense of about $7000. It includes a steam dry room of ten racks, and as family washing is to be a specialty, a mangle for that purpose has been put in. Agencies in nearly every town in the State are being established, the capacity being suflicient for any amount of work, and everything is reduced to a With these system, so that errors are thus obviated. increased facilities in room and latest improved machinery, streets. Mr. Willey is enal)led to do first-class work and quote very low prices. All work is guaranteed, to the satisfacEmployment is given to from twelve tion of customers. to fifteen assistants, and the largest orders can be filled at the shortest notice. The block opening on Main office is in front of the brick street. WORCESTER & GREENFIELD, Books, Stationery and Fancy Goods ROCHESTER, N. H. �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF ROCHESTER. This concern has a well-earned reputation for furnishing machinery that fully bears out all claims made figures. concerning it, and manufacturers throughout this section naturally appreciate such a policy and place a large proportion of their orders with Messrs. Clark & Furnald. The company give particular attention to repairing, and are in a position to guarantee satisfaction in this important department of their business, not only as regards the quality of tlie work and the charges made" hut also in connection with the promptness with which orders are filled, as the facilities available are such as to obviate all unnecessary delay. The premises made use of are located in Jlechanic Square and comprise a machine shop occupying two floors of the dimensions of 30x60 feet, together with a spacious foundry. Employment is given to from six to twelve experienced assistants. All sizes of pipe and fittings are constantly on hand and will be furnished in any desired quantities at the lowest market rates. & Hofmann Wolf, Ladies' Furnishing Goods. Kid next to Post-Office, Rochester, N. H.— The most successful buyer is the one who discriminates the most sucessfuUy between "goods cheap" and "cheap Gloves, etc., it is just such a buyer who will find the most admire in the assortment of ladies' furnishing goods, fancy goods, .small wares, etc., offered by Messrs. Hofmann & Wolf, for these gentlemen carrv on business on the " quick sales and small profits " system, and both the goods and prices combine to form a powerful argument in goods," and to Rochester Foundry and Machine Co. (successors to E. Clark.) manufacturers and dealers in Engines. Boilers, Feed Pumps. Shafling, Hangers, Pulleys, Shaving E.xhausters, Mill JIachinery, etc., Mechanic Square, Rochester, N. H.— The Rochester Foundry and Machine Company was organized in 1887 to continue the business founded by Mr. Charles E. Clark in 1880, the proprietors being Messrs. C. E. Clark and J. C. Furnald, the former a Cbiis. favor of patronizing this store. The residents of Rochester are too intelligent not to perceive the force of an argu- ment of this kind, and the natural result is that this store is becoming a popular resort, and is gaining in favor daily. The firm in question is made up of 5Iax Hofmann and Benny'iWolf. they began their present business here in 1889. in use are located on Hanson street, next door to the post-office. The firm give personal attention to the business and as a result, all customers are sure The premises The goods dealt guaranteed to be strictly as represented. of being promptly and politely served. in are J. M. Humphrey, Watches, Clocks, Jewelry and Repair- — ing and Telephone Exchange, Rochester, N. H. Every-' body ought to have a reliable watch for time is money nowadays and no one can afford to waste his own or anybody else's time, in business hours at all events, and one of the first things to do if you would avoid such waste is to get a watch that can be entirely depended upon. Don't say you can't afford it, for dependable watches are sold at such low figures at the present time that they are within the means of all. If you doubt this fact call at the establishment conducted by Mr. J. M. Humphrey, on Main street. He can show you a full line of reliable watches in gold and silver cases, and is prepared to name prices that will compare favorably with those quoted by any other dealer. ises ware and prices on in, optical goods, all occupied are about reliable assistants native of Duver and the laller of Exeter. The company are manufacturers ot and dealers in engines, boilers, feed pumps, shafting, hangers, pulleys, shaving exhausters, mill machinery, etc., being prepared to furnish these and kindred commodities at short notice and at moderate and so is jewelry, and Mr. Humphrey The premsquare feet in size, and two Clocks are also largely dealt silver plated names low the goods he handles 3.iO are employed. Particular attention is given repairing, the work being done in a skillful and painstaking manner, and orders being filled at short notice at moderate rates. Mr. Humphrey is a native of Boston, and began his present business during the current He has also a telephone exchange located in his Slass. year. store. , �-««SW«?J«^ ^jiOH 'MUtMnvitt^ ) ;g^.>flt Eyk Biiiu's \'iew Farmington. OP' HISTORICAL SKETCH OF FARMINGTON AND The history of Farmington is POINTS OF INTEREST. ITS quite devoid of those romantic and exciting features which figure Portsmouth and other early so prominently in the story of the settlement and development of Dover, Farmington was not incorporated until very near the opening of the present century, Indian troubles had ceased and nearly a score of years after the colonies had fought for and won their independence. Thus the annals of the town record peaceful progress rather than "hair breadth 'scapes 'mid flood and field," and those who are interested only in accounts of war and adventure must turn to the history of Rochester to find such tales relating to Farmington's territory, settled towns, for long after for the by all town was originally a part of Rochester and during the years the hostile Indians who from 1745 to 1749 was overrun terrorized that settlement. territory was decided upon April 20, 1730, up that portion of their grant of land which had not previously been disposed of, into lots of not less than two hundred and forty acres each. The lots were drawn December 17, 17.'iO, the territory affected comprising the greater part of that now included The first settler came to Rochester in December, 1728, and it was not in Milton and Farmington. until seventy years afterward that that portion of the township which is now Farmington had a sufficient number of inhabitants to warrant its being set off from the parent town, Farmington being incorporated December 1, 1798. The first town meeting was held March 11, 1799, and Aaron Wingate was chosen moderator Jonas C. March, town clerk and Ichabod Hayes, Ephraim Kimball, and David Roberts were chosen as selectmen. At that time the office of constable was considered very desirable, and hence with true Yankee shrewdness the townspeople voted " that the privilege of being a constable in said town of Farmington the present year shall be sold at vendue to the highest bidder, and the purchaser to give bonds to the satisfaction of the selectmen for the faithful performance of It is evident that our forefathers did not hold to the modern maxim, " the office should his duty." He was granted seek the man." Ensign Samuel Knowles bought the position of constable for §21.25. The first recorded division of what when the Rochester proprietors voted ; is now Farmington to cut ; �niSTORICAL SKETCH OF FARMIKOTOK. 70 a tavern license the same year, and so were four others and licenses to retail foreign distilled spirituBenjamin Rnndels, and Eiezear Pearl. Farmington's territory was made about 1770 near the point now known as ous liquors were granted to Joseph Holmes, The first settlement in Lakeman ; & I\rarsh, and that was the center of what little business there was, among those settling there from 1770 to 1783 being Benjamin Furber, Samuel Furber, Richard Furber, Samuel Jones, Benjamin Chesley and Paul Demeritt. Other settlers in various parts of the town were Joseph Leighton, Levi Leighton, Moses Home, Caleb Varney, and Judge Wingate. The first school-house was built about 1791 and was located at Merrill's Corners; the first meeting-house was erected on Robert's Hill, about two miles south of Farmington village, near the birth-place of Henry Wilson. As its name indicates, Farmington was long a distinctively agricultural community, and, indeed, farming is still extensively and successfully carried on, for much of the town is fertile although its surface is very hilly and in parts mountainous. In the southwestern portion is located Blue Job Merrill's Corners, : Main Stkekt, Farmington, N. H., looking South. Mountain, so called because it was once owned by Job Allard and is one of the Blue Hill range. There is a wide-spread and beautiful view from its summit, ranging from the White Mountains to the ocean, ships off Portsmouth harbor being plainly visible to the naked eye. The town is well watered, Mad, Ela, and Waldron rivers. The Cocheco River rises in and enters Farmington near the northern corner of the township, flowing soutlieast across its entire width. Farmington village is situated on this stream, between it and the Ela River, which also rises in New Durham and empties into the Cocheco just below the village. West Farmington is located in the northwestern part of the town and Merrill's Corners in the southwestern part. Mad River is well named, for it is a typical mountain stream, and when swelled by heavy rains or the effects of a sudden thaw, dashes turbulently along, overflows its banks and seems possessed by a mad desire to sweep everything before it. Sometimes a storm lasting but two or three hours will cause it to rise many feet, move boulders weighing thousands of pounds and destroy everything in the principal streams being the Cocheco, New Durham its path. �msTORICA L SKETCIt OF FA RMINO TOA\ 71 The other rivers are much more reliable and there are some valuable water powers in town. The outlines of Farraington are very regular, in that respect resembling those of the adjoining town of Strafford and forming a decided contrast to the "crazy patchwork" shapes of New Durliam, Middleton and Milton, which bound Farmington on the north and east. Rochester bounds it on the east and south, and Strafford on the south and west, New Durham also forming a part of its western boundary. The business of the town is principally centered at Farmington village, the site of which is situated on what was known in bye-gone days as the "old John Ham farm." The first frame bouse to be built The village is on the line of the Dover & Winniat this point was erected in 1781 by John Roberts. pesaukee Railroad, a branch of the great Boston & Maine system, and as the adjoining town of Rochester is a great railroad center, direct communication with all parts of the country is enjoyed by Farmington business men. The completion of the Lake Shore Railroad, extending from the terminus at Alton Bay to Lake Village, gives direct connection with Montreal Railroad, and adds very materially to Farmington's transportation facilities. Shoe manufacturing is the principal industry of the village and has given rise to various tributary Shoe making, industries, the most important of which is the manufacture of wooden and paper boxes. of the Dover and Winnipesaukee Railroad the Concord & or rather the production of what was then known as " Natick sale work," was begun in Farmington in 1836 by Elijah H. Badger. The product was called Natick sale work from the fact that it consisted brogan manufacentirely of brogans, and the town of Natick, Mass., at that time led the country in Mr. Badger failed to make his enterprise profitable and in about a year left town but the turing. about this shoe industry was not abandoned, Martin L. Hayes, a native of Farmington, beginning it time on a vei-y small scale. His business steadily grew and he became the largest shoe manufacturer ; New Hampshire. Mr. Hayes was no believer in that "dog in the manger" policy which seems to actuate some men, on the contrary he used his best endeavors to get other manufacturers to come to Farmington, and did not hesitate to give substantial aid to such enterprises as seemed calculated to advance the interests of the community as a whole. Nor did his public spirit stop here. He manithe fested it in many different ways, and to him more than to any other one man, is the existence of in beautiful shade trees which add so much to the attractiveness of the village due, for he not only persuaded his fellow townsmen to plant trees, but set them the example by placing many shade and Some of Farmington's present business men are noted for their public fruit trees on his ow'n grounds. by the memory spirit, and who can say how much they have been encouraged in their good works which Martin L. Hayes left behind him? It is true that "the evil that men do lives after them," but " the good is oft interred with their bones." Good is mere nearly immortal than evil it is not true that and the effects of good deeds remain, although doubtless in many cases the doer of them is forgotten. Shortly after Mr. Hayes began operations, George M. Hening came from Natick to Farmington many and engaged in the same line of business. He also was a man who lived for others as well as for The success himself, and worked hard and efficiently to promote the best interests of the co.amunity. From small beginnings attained here in shoe manufacturing soon began to attract outside capital. the trade has grown to its present magnitude. The first wax-thread sewing machine ever used for shoe work in New Hampshire, was brought He is now superintendent and manager of to Farmington by Mr. Cloutman about the year 1855. producthe factory of Wallace, Elliott & Co., in this village the establishment being devoted to the three and four tion of ladies', misses', and children's fine boots, and affording employment to between Altogether there are five large shoe factories in Farmington and one heel factory, hundred hands. ; employment to about one thousand two hundred operatives of both sexes. Farmington shoe manufacturers learned the business in Natick, being drawn to went to that town by the fact that the late Vice-President Henry Wilson, a native of Farmington, Natick in 1833, commenced business for himself in 1838, and soon became a prominent manufacturer and this industry affords Many there. in of the early Some of the young men from Farmington lived with his family part of the time they stayed among them being Martin L. Hayes, whom we have before had occasion to mention. He birth-place, life-long friend of Henry Wilson, and deeded to the town of Farmington the latter's Natick, was a marking the spot on which the house had stood by a great boulder weighing about twelve tons and "Henry Wilson, vice-president U. S. A., born here February 12, 1812." inscribed : �HISTORICAL SKETCa OF FARMINOTOK T2 Like all other prosperous manufacturing villages of large population, Farmington contains well-stocked stores and a very extensive retail trade is carried on at all Some times. many of the stores are very spacious and are handsomely fitted up, presenting a very attractive appearance, especially in make liberal use of the gas furnished by a local company, which was incorporated in 1886 with a capital of §60,000. This gas is made from naphtha and is of a very superior quality the bright, white light it gives at once attracting the attention of The one accustomed to the dingy yellow flame, characteristic of gas made in the ordinary way. service thus far has given excellent satisfaction and the facilities offered by the company are being very generally availed of. Hon. J. F. Cloutman is president Hon. C. W. Talpey, treasurer and Hon. E. T. Wilson, manager. There are two banks in town the Farmington Savings Bank, chartered June, 18G8, and the Farmington National Bank, organized, July, 187'J, with a capital of §100,000. Many representative business men are identified wiih one or both of these institutions, and as a natural consequence both the evening, for the more enterprising store-keepers ; ; ; : Central Square, F,vi;mixi, iu.n, >.. 11. An idea of the standing of the managed and enjoy the entire confidence of the public. Savings Bank and the opportunity offered for remunerative employment in Farmington may be gained from the following: May 1, 1882, the deposits amounted to §212, 552. 83 ; September, 1890, are well — a gain of some 300 per cent, in about eight years. have been looked after by the Faruiinr/ton Neics, published This is a handsome and well-edited weekly, has a circulation of about 1,500 by J. E. Fernald & Son. and a good advertising patronage, and is a credit to the town and to its managers. Farmington has had its ups and downs the same as every live community has its prosperity has been checked by fire, by national business depression, and by other causes from the effects of which no town is exempt, but on the whole progress has been steady and at times rapid and, considering the advantages of location, the ability and resources of local manufacturers and merchants, and their high they amounted to $646,628,44 Since March 14, 1879, local interests ; ; confidence in the future of the community, there seems good reason to believe that confidence justified not only from a sentimental but also from a sternly practical standpoint. �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF FARMINGTON. Sanitine Remedy Company, Hemedy Proprietors of Blake's Cough Balsam, etc., Albert Garland, Secretary and Manager, Farmington, N. H. There are two ways of estimating the value of a remedy, the first is to see if the claims made concerning its mode of action and efficacy are in accor'Vearetable for t'onstipalion, Blake's — with common sense and known physiological the second is by investigation of the results attendBy a combination of these methods ing its practical use the actual status of any remedy mny be readily and accurately determined. Let us apply them then to a preparation in which the residents of Farmingtou have reason to be particularly interested for it is manufactured here by a dance truths witli identified some of the of this section of the State. which are prominent business men most We refer to Blake's Vegetable Remedy, formerly known as Blake's Sanitine, and supplied to the trade by the Sanitine Remedy Company, the sole proprietors. The full name of this medicine is " Blake's Vegetable Remedy for Constipation," and the claim is made that it will cure constipation, whether recent or chronic, and that it is therefore of great value in the treatment of dyspepsia, kidnej' and liver diseases, piles and headache, and will remove moth patches and pimples on the face and do away with " that tired feeling," which is so common, especially among the gentler sex. No well-informed person, and particularly no experienced physician, will deny that constipation or costiveness is the cause of a host of diseases and hence if Blake's remedy can cure constipilion its great value in the treatment of many serious disorders must be admitted. But can it? Read the following testimonials and judge for yourself: Lynn, JIass. Sanitine Remedt Co. I have beeu troubled with constipation all -mj life. I wag advised to take Blake's Remedy, and it has cured me. — MRS. W. K. EATON. SonTH Bkewick. Me. Sanitine Remedy Co.— For three years I have suffered the tortures of obstinate constipation have used every known remedy, and have ; failed to tiud relief or even benefit nntil I took your valuable constip.a* tion cure— Blake's Remedy. I have taken three bottles previous to Uarch, '88, and consider myself cured, having taken nothing since that time. I cannot speak too highly of it, and earnestly recommend it. It is truly wonderful. G. WHITEHOUSE. JAMES Certainl}' there is no mistaking the meaning of these letters but perhaps some of our readers may desire direct proof thit Blake's Remedy can cure some of the specific diseases we have mentioned. Here it is ; : Farmington, G^wfe— For ten years I IN". H. have suffered from malarial poisoning and the obstinate constipation. The disease progressed so rapidly that kidneys were diseased. I consulted many physicians of repute, *inong them my old army surgeon of New Jersey. I took almost everything, bat the disease gained upon me. and I was obliged to give up my 'bnsiness to my sons. I have taken Blake's Remedy four months, and I feel like a new man. 1 feel justified in «aying that it is the most wonderful remedy I ever saw. I would most earnestly recommend it to 'Comrades who are suffering from malaria, or anvbody else who is •Buffering from diseased liver or kidneys. ALONZO NUTE. my ^y MRS. GEO. HOLDEN. Cape Elizabeth, Me. Sanitine Remedy Co,— I have been troubled with bloody piles for forty years and have tried almost every kind of medicine without receiving any help until 1 took Blake's Remedy, which has entirely cured me, and I cannot sav too much in its praise. Yours truly, ; company most Derrt Depot. N. H. I have been troubled with sick headache uud bad feelings in my stomach I have taken Blake's Remedy and it has cured me. MRS. A SARAH R. welI-know.n lady of Wolfboro, N. H., wiites I me have tried GOULD. : almost everything for moth patches that have troubled seemed to do any good. My face was for a long time, but nothing literally covered, and 1 felt ashamed to go —company. into While riding one morning, I noticed your advertisement "Blake's Remedy clears the complexion "—and bought a bottle. Since then I have taken six bottles, and my skin is clear and smooth. The Sanitine Remedy Co. have received several thousand just such testimonials as these and to print them all would require an entire book the size of this one, but " a word to the wise is sufiicient," and we will only add that these testimonials are not signed b}' people living on the other side of the continent but come from points near at home, and that the company will forward the original of an)^ testi- we have presented to any person doubting its If additional evidence of the company's faith be wanted it may be found in the standing of the men ideiitlQed with it, the officers and directors being monial authenticity. good as follows president, John F. Ooutman vice president, Jared P. Tibbetts secretary and treasurer, Albert Garland directors, Chas. W. 'Talpey, John F. Cloutman, James B. Edgerly, Asa A. Hall, Dwight E. Edgerly, Albert Garland, Jared P. Tibbetts. Mr. Cloutman has served as State senator, Mr. Garland is one of the Farmington selectmen and is a first lieutenant in the State militia, Mr. Talpey has been State senator and is treasurer of the Farmington Savings Bank, Mr. James B. Edgerly is cashier of the Farmington National Bank, Mr. Hall has been deputy sheriff and postmaster, and Mr. Dwight E. Edgerly has beeu representative and is county commissioner. The company was formed in 1888, but Blake's Remedy has been on the market four years and is kept in stock by all the Boston and Portland wholesale druggists and by retail druggists throughout the country who sell it for .^1.00 per bottle or six bottles for |5.00, and report a very extensive and rapidly growing demand for it. The company are also proprietors of Blake's Cough Balsam, which is warranted equal to any in the market. It is agreeable to take and is perfectly safe besides being economical to use for the dose is small, the bottle large, and the price is but 35 cents. The balsam is sold by all druggists and is steadily gaining in popularity as it quickly cures coughs, colds, bronchitis and all diseases peculiar to the throat and lungs. All correspondence should be addressed to Sanitine Beynedy Co.. Farmington, N. H. : ; ; ; : �< LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF FARMING TON. A. F. & H. O. Waldron, manufacturers of Wooden and Paper boxes, and dealers in Lumber, Farmington, N, H. It is, of course, important for tlie manufacturers of any article to be prepared to fill orders promptly and accurately and at tlie lowes-t market rates, but this is particularly the case with those engaged in the production of boxes, for the competition in this branch of industry is so close and keen that only the providing of an exceptionally — ensure success in it. It is evident that Jilessrs. A. F. H. C. Waldron thoroughly appreciate this condition of affairs, for although they have long been efficient service will & successfully engaged in the manufacture of boxes they have recently materially improved their facilities and hence can now fill their steadily increasing orders even more satisfactorily and promptly than ever before. Both wooden and paper boxes are manufactured, a s-pecialty being made of those adapted to the wants of the shoe trade, and the firm are prepared to furnish shoe cases and cartons of superior quality at bottom prices, and to fill the most extensive orders at very short notice, for they utilize an elaborate plant of the latest improved machiuery, including a machine for which they own the right witiiin a radius of twenty miles of Farmington, and can furnish product to customers within that territory. This its machine turns outa carton made without scoring and with double lieads, it being not only tnuch stronger than any previously oflfered but also neat in appearance, wliile it can be furnished at a figure considerably below that quoted on cartons made in the ordinary manner. The box factory is run by botli water and steam power so that orders can be filled without undue delay at anj' season of the year. The entire plant covers more than an acre and comprises, in addition to the box factory, a large lumber mill in which whole logs are sawed out and lumber and builders' materials of all kinds are manufactured, t-pacious storage sheds, offices and a commodious yard. A large force of assistants is employed, and every department of the business is so thoroughly systemized that the expense of production is reduced to a minimum and all orders can be filled promptly, accurately and at the lowest market rates. George W. Bailey, manufacturer of and dealer io Hardware, Stoves. Tinware, Woodenware, Paints, Oils,. Varnishes, etc.. Steam, Gas and Water Piping and Plumbing, 14 Central Street, Farmington, N. H.— One of themost truly representative establishments of the kind to befound in this section is that conducted by Mr. George W. Bailey, at No. 14 Central street, for this is a recognized headquarters for hardware, stoves, tin-ware, wooden ware, etc., and is also very widely and favorably known in connection with the doing of steam, gas and water piping and plumbing, and the handling of paints, oils, varnishes andi kindred goods. The proprietor is a native of Manchester, N. H and has been identified with it since 1887. it having been founded a number of years previous to that date. Under the present management the busine.'s has largely, increased and as the available facilities have increased correspondingly Mr. Bailey is better prepared than ever to fill orders promptly, accurately and at bottom rates. The premises have an area of .5000 square feet and contain improved tools and machinery for the manufacture of tinware of all kinds to order, and for the doing of steam, , Carleton & Bennett, Merchant Tailors, dealers in Ready-nade (Jlothing, Hats, Caps and Gents' Furnishings, Farmington, N. H. It is difficult to see what greater inducements could be offered to those in need of clothing, etc., than are extended by the firm of Carleton & Bennett, for these gentlemen are not only first-elass merchant — but are also large dealers in ready-made clothing, and gentlemen's furnishings, so they are admirably prepared to cater to all classes of trade, and well deserve the extensive patronage their enterprise receives. It was inaugurated in 1877 by Mr. F. C. Tilton, he being succeeded in 1884 by Messrs. Tilton & Furber, and the present firm assuming control in 188.5. The partners are Messrs. E. E. Carleton and J. P. Bennett, the former being a native of Farmington and the latter of Northwood, N. H. Mr. Bennett is the present representative of Farmington in the legislature, and is prominently identified with local business interests, he being a trustee of the Savings Bank and a director of the Gas Company in addition to his connection with the enterprise now under consideration. The firm utilize good-sized and conveniently fitted-up premises and carry a large and complete assortment of foreign and domestic fabrics for gentlemen's wear besides a fine stork of ready-made clothing, hats and furnishings. The facilities for the doing of custom work in a superior manner at short notice are excellent, employment being given to from five to eight experienced assistants and the business being so systemized that every order assured immediate and painstaking attention. The is charges made are as low as is consistent with the use of suitable materials and the employiuent of skilled labor, and this applies to the ready-made as well as to the custom department, for the firm haudle no goods made only " to sell," their policy being to deal only in such articles as can safely be guaranteed to prove as represented, and to furnish them at prices in trict accordance with the lowest tailors, hats, caps market rates. A gas-fitting, plumbing, etc. specialty is made of tin-roofing, the best of material being used, skilled helpsatisfaction confidently guaranteed. The stock of hardware, stoves, tin-ware, etc., is large and complete and includes conking and heating stoves of the latest design, made by leading manufacturers. Reliable paints, oils, varnishes, etc., are sold here at bottom figures, and in fact whatever is bought from Mr. Bailey will be found toprove just as represented and will be furnished at the low- water and employed and est market rates. Fellov^ of the N. H. Dental Society. Member of the N. E. Dental Association. FARMINGTON, N. H- �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF FARMINGTON. Blake's Pharmacy, CentTal Street, Farmingtou, N. Altliough one may uot be prepared to assert that every dispensing chemist shouUi also be a practical physician, it still remains a fact that no man making a business of the handling of drugs and chemicals c^n know too much about them and about their effects upon the human system, and as this is the popular conviction it is not surprising that the public should manifest a preference for such pharmacies as are carried on by a medical practitioner. What is popularly known as "Blake's Pharmacy " is an excellent example of an establishment of this kind, it being a well-stocked drug store conducted by W. P. Blake, M. U., a prominent practicing physician. Tlie premises are located on Central street, and we need hardly say are fitted up with all necessary apparatus, etc., for the accurate and prompt compounding of prescriptions, such orders being tilled at the lowest rates consistent with the use of the best obtainable ingredients. Fancy and toilet articles, druggists' sundries, etc., are well represented in the stock, and sufficient assistance is employed to ensure prompt attention to every caller. Dr. Blake is a native of Barnstead, N. H., and has carried on this store since 188G. Dr. Blake is assisted by his wife, who is a registered pharmacist, and the only lady registered in the Slate. Special attention is given to the compounding of prescriptions, and the service is maintained at the highest standard of reliability and efficiency. II. — D. E. Edgerly, Dry and Fancy Goods, Groceries and Provisions, Flour and Grain of all kinds. Shoo Tools and Findings, 16 Main Street, Farmington, N. H.— "A repre" sentative enterprise conducted by a representative man is about as short a description as can be given of the undertaking with which Mr D. E. Edgerly is identified, but despite its brevity no one acquainted with the facts will quesiion its correctness, for certainly a business which has been honorably and successfully conducted for thirty-five years in one commiuiity is entitled to be called representative, and certainly the same title may properly be applied to one who has been and is so prominent in business and public life as the gentleman in quesiion. Mr. Edgerly is a native of Gilmanton, N. H., and has carried on his present business since 1880. it having been founded by Mr. Charles VV. Wingate a quarter of a century before that date. The present proprietor has served two years as State representative, and now occupies the posiThe premises made use of tion of county commissioner. have an area of about 1800 square feet, and are located at No. 16 Main street. They contain a large and very varied stock, for it includes not only a complete assortment of dry and fancy goods, etc., but also a full line of staple and fancy groceries, provisions and flour and grain of all An extenkinds, together with shoe tools and findings. sive business is done but as employment is given to two assistants all orders are assured immediate as well efficient Mr. Edgerly quotes the lowest as careful attention. market rates on all the commodities he handles, and we need hardly say that articles bought at this representative store will prove just what they are claimed to be in every respect. F. J. Hanson, manufacturer of Boot and Shoe Heels. — The great industry of Central Street, Farmington. N. H. boot and shoe manufacturing in New England has developed other very important enterprises which are tributary An important example of this is found to that business. at the factory of Mr. F. J Hanson, where he manufactures boot and shoe heels on a very extensive scale. Mr. Hanson has had long experience in this business but started this factory in 1885. and has developed a prominent Industry in Farmington. The factory is a three-story structure 30x60 and is furnished with steam power, and is equipped good plant of machinery adapted to the manufacture of heels for boots and shoes, and employment is given lo from forty to fifty hands. A ready market is found for the product among the numerous boot and shoe factories feet, •with a of New England, as the standard quality of the work turned out is not excelled by any manufacturer. M Berry 75 manufacturers of Men's and Boys' Shoes, in Kangaroo, Dongola, Calf. Grain, Buff and Veal,. Farmingtou, iS'. II. Sample Room, 57 Lincoln Street, Boston. Mass. At Sample Room Wednesdays and SaturJ. &. Co., days.— Ever_v ordinarily well-informed person knows that shoe manufacturing lias become one of the most important of New Hampshire's indvisiries, and there is every reasou to believe that it is destined to rapidly develop far beyond present' proportions, lor the conditions are favoratile lo' bring about that result and the progress made during the past decade shows what may reasonably be expected in Among our New Hampshire shoe the decade to come. factories are some that will compare favorably as regards, equipment and the quality of the goods turned out with any in New England, and it is not necessary to go outside of Farmington to find proof of this statement, as any competent and unprejudiced judge will admit after inspecting the establishment and the product of Messrs. J. M. its Berry & Co., who manufacture full lines of men's and hoys' shoes, in kangaroo, dongola, call, grain, buff and This firm is coni-tituted of Messrs. .f. M. ami Arthur R. Berry, both of whom are natives of Farmington and have had l<uig and varied experience in shoe mamiThey founded the-r present business in ViHH facturing. with a capital of only .$5000, and sold their goods lo only one house, but since have enlarged operations, having capital of $20,000. and now sell direct to the jobbing trade; they have an intimate acquaintance with the wants of consumers and the trade, and as a natural consequence they have fitted up their factory with the latest improved; machinery throughout and are prepared to furnish footwear that will hold its own, in comparison with any of similar grade in the market, in every detail of material, The factory is a four-story style, fit and workmanship. structure, having a total floor-space of nearly 18,000 squarefeet, and as the plant of machinery is correspondingly extensive and employment is given to 100 experienced assistants the capacity of the establishment is sufficiently great to ensure the prompt filling of all orders, especially as the business is so carefully systematized and supervised Jlessrs. as to obviate all confusion or unnecessary delay. .J. M. Berry & Co., wholesale directly to the jobbinij trade position to quote bottom prices on all their and are in a various styles. They maintain a sample room in Boston, at No. 57 Lincoln street, where a full line of their producA member of the firm is at the tions may always be seen. sample room every Wednesday and Saturday and dealer* who wish to handle shoes Ihat will sell on their merits, yield a fair profit and build up a permanent trade would do well to call and investigate veal. ii. J. F. Saflford, Watches and .Jewelry, Silver Ware, etc. Fine Watch and .Jewelry Repairing a Specialty. Barker's Block. Farmington, N. H. If the average resident of Farmington were asked to point out a thoroughly reliable jewelry store, the chances are all in favor of his directing the inquirer to that conducted by Mr. .1. F. Saflord, In Barker's Block, for this business was established in 1867. and has been so managed as to be well and favorably known to practically every resident of this section. The proprietor is a native of Rockland, Me., and served three years in the army during the Rebellion. Probably not one of our local business men is more generally known and hence extended personal mention would be quite superfluous, but for the benefit of strangers in Farmington we may say that Mr. Safford's business policy is as simple as it is admirable, it being to give honest value for cash A good stock of watches, jewelry, received every time. silver ware, optical goods, etc.. Is constantly carried, the productions of the leading manufacturers being represented and many late and attractive novelties being shown. Particular attention is given to the repairing of fine watches, jewelry and optical goods, and optical work an<t the furnishine of scientifically made optical goods are leading specialties, so that those wanting anything in the line of eye-glasses, spectacles, etc., would do well to give Mr. Safford'^a call. All his work is fully guaranteed and uniformly moderate charges are made. — ' �— LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF FARMING TON. iT ' . rx— /'A^"^ ^ fli a« . .Fir. .^ . {f. r^^ ^V J. E. Fernald & Son, Publishers and Proprietors of the Parminglon News. Weelily; established 1879. Corner Main and Central Streets, Farminglon, N. H. There is little or nothing to be gained by enlarging npon the benefits bestowed upon a community by a well-conducted local newspaper for these benefits are so obvious that those who are incapable of appreciating them of their own free will and by the exercise of their own judgment would probwbly not be convinced by any reasoning even if it were supported by many practical examples. But happily but very few of our Farmington readers belong to this class, and in proof of this assertion we need refer only to the general support given to the Fdrmiiigion News since its establishment, in 1879, for this liandsome weekly is a welcome visitor in many homes, it having a circulation of 1400 copies. It also has quite a large advertising patronage and this is not to be wondered at. for the business men of this section have a well-earned reputation for enterprise and shrewdness and hence can readily see the advantages of advertising in a paper which circulates among the very people they wish to reach. The News is owned and published by Messrs. .1. E. Fernald & Son, and as we have said was established in 1879, but the enterprise of which it may be said to be the outcome was inaugurated a score of years before that date, Mr. J. E. Fernald beginning operations — as a job printer in 1859. The firm carry on a tinelyequipped steam job printing office in connection with the Neios.nnA are prepared to'undertake the finest work in that line and to guarantee satisfaction, not only as regards the quality of the work and the lowncs of the prices, but also the promptness with which even the largest orders can be filled. The partners are Messrs. J. E. and G. W. Fernald, the former a native of Sanford, Me., and the latter of this town. Mr. .7. E. Fernald is one of the oldest and best known business men in town. Close attention is given to their printing and publishing enterprise and they propose not only to fully maintain but to heighten if possible tlie high reputation gained by years of faithful and intelligent Mr. G. W. Fernald is also a civil engineer and surveyor and was recently engaged in the survey for York Beach Extension by the Boston & Maine Railroad Company. eleven work. Roberts & Co., Steam Grist-Mill, 70 Central Farmington, N. H. It is unnecessary to dwell "H. W. Street, — upon the importance of being able to purchase grain, flour, feed, etc., in any desired quantities at the lowest market rates, for the advantages derived from an enterprise which has for its object the furnishing of an abundant and dependable supply of these staple commodities at bottom prices are so obvious as to be understood by every memlier of the community. Therefore it goes without saying that the establishment conducted by Messrs. II. W. Roberts & Co., is popular throughout this vicinity, for this is a finely eq lipped steam gristmill and the proprietors are in a position to meet all honorable competition in their line of business filling the most extensive orders at short notice and always quoting prices strictly in accord ance with the lowest market rates. The mill is a twostory structure of the dimensions of 30 X 40 feet, and is fitted up with improved machinery driven by a twentyfive horse power steam engine, the boiler-room being an annex 17 X 35 feet, thus orders can be filled wiih equal facility at all times of year. It is conveniently located at No. 70 Central street, and employment is given to two efficient assistants. Mr. Roberts is a native of Rochester, N. H. and has been connected with his present enterprise since 1889, during which lime he has built up an extensive patronage which is still steadily increasing. ; , A. E. Carter & Co., Furniture Dealers, Curtains, Carpets and Bediling. Upholstering a Specialty. Roberts Building, Main Street, opposite Opera House, Farmington, N. H. The experienced and wise buyer of furniture, carpets and other houseliold goods does not seek so much for the concern that announces it is prepared to sell the cheapest as he does for a house which lie feels he can thoroughly depend upi<n, but of course if he can find a concern that combines fair dealing with bottom prices, so much the better for him and that is just the kind of a concern we introduce to our readers when we call attention to the establishment conducted by Messrs. A. E. Carter & Co. Doubtless many of them know this already, for the enterprise to which we have reference was inaugurated in 1881 and has held a leading position almost from the beginning. It was founded by Mr A. E Carter, a native of Maine, who in 1890 became associated with Mr. H. O. Mooney, a native of New Hampshire, thus forming the existing firm. The premises utilized are located in Roberts Building, on Main street, opposite the Opera House, and comprise four floors, each of which measures 23x48 feet, and every available inch of space is occupied by the heavy stock of furniture, carpets, curtains, bedding and other house furnishing goods that is constantly carWe don't propose to describe this stock in detail ried. first, because we haven't the room and second, because it is so frequently renewed that before the description would reach our readers it would be out of date, but the stock is always complete, always contains the latest fashionable novelties and is always made up of goods made for use and not simply to sell, and guaranteed to prove precisely Callers are assured prompt and polite as represented. attention, and the prices quoted by this well-equipped concern are as low as can be named on goods of equal — — merit. �LEADINO BUSINESS MEN OF FAR MING TON. J. P. Tibbitts, Famishing Undertaker, Carriage and Sleigli Maniif;.cturer. Job Wtirk, Varnisliing, Painting and Repairing. Farniinglon, N. II. Sncli of our readers — as are natives of Farmington or vicinity, or have lived for an}- length of lime in that section, will not need introduction to'jMr. J. P. Tibbitts. for he was born in this town and has carried on the business with which he is now identified for a full score of years, beginning operations in 1870. He is a furnishing undertaker and also a carriage and sleigh manufacturer and repairer, being prepared to do job work, varnishing, painting, etc. in a superior manner at short notice. Jlr Tibbitts furnishes a large proportion ol the coffins, caskets and other funeral goods used in this vicinity, it being generally understood that he is in a position to till orders very promplly and to quote The the lowest market rates on articles ol this kind. premises utilized by him comprise two floors of the dimensions of 20x60 feet, and are fitted up with all necessary tools and oiber facilities to carry on the several departments of the business to the best advantage. The carriages and sleighs made at this .shop have a well earned reputation for strength and durability, for Mr. Tibbitts uses selected material in the doing of custom work and also in repairing, and the workmanship is always equal to the best in ever}- respect. , Thomas Pride & Son, Granite Works, Farmington, I'here is no question but that granite is by far the N. H. best material for cemetery work, especially in our New England climate with its great and sudden ehanges of temperature, and other characteristics which have a most distinctive effect upon marble and other soft stones. Granite cemetery work is not only more durable but also more handsome than that made from any other material and indeed its advantages are so many and so pronounced that it now leads all other kinds in the favor ot the public. A Farmington concern which has a liigh and well deserved reputation for the production of artistic and thoroughly — cemetery work at moderate rates is that of Thomas Pride it Son, who began operations here in 1885. Both members of the firm are Maine men by birth, and they not only know what the public want but spare no first-class pains to supply that want and to thoroughly satisfy every customer. They liave an almost endless variety of designs for monuments, tablets, headstones, etc., embracing all grades of work from the most simple to the most elaborate, and suited to all tastes and pur.'^es. Emiiloyment is given to three assistants, and orders will be filled at ver}- short notice, and at prices as low as the lowest in every instance. C. H. Pitman, Book. Card and Job Printer. Office over Breen & Berry's, Central Square, Farmington, N. II. It is safe to say that practically everybody in Farmington and many who are not residents of the town know Mr C. H. Pitman, or " Pit, the printer," as he is familiarly called, for he is not only active and successful as a business man but alf^o holds the position of town clerk and has done so for several terms, while he is as prominent in social circles as he is in business life. Mr. Pitman is a native of BarnBtead, N. H., and has carried on operations in Farmington for about ten years. He is agent for some of the leading life and accident insurance companies, and is prepared to furnish such insurance to practically any desired amount on the most favorable terms, and to give prompt and careful attention to every commission jilaced in his hands. — But this does not explain why he is called "Pit. tlie printer," and those who wish satisfactory information on that point should place an order with him for job printing of any sort, for he is prepared to furnish posters, flyers, dodgers, bill heads, letter heads, note heads, statements, envelopes, receipts, tax bills, milk bills, business cards, address cards, wedding cards, and in fact anything in the job printing line at short notice and at very low prices. Work will be done in black, colors or gilt and it will be well done too, for 3Ir. Pitman has the experience, facilities, skill and disposition to attain results equal to the best. His office is over Breen & Berry's. Central Square, and every order is assured immediate and painstaking attention. 77 & WaUace, Elliott Co., manufacturers of Ladies' Misses' and Children's Fine Boots J. F. Cloutman, SuperThose who tendent Central Street, Farmington, N. II. are aware how extensively the shoe manufacturingindustry is carried on in Farmington will readily believe that the firm who carry on the largest shoe factory in town must operate a very elaborate and extensive plant and such is in fact the case, the establishment in question being one of the largest and best equipped of the kind in the State. But large as it is it by no means compiises all the firm's resources, for the proprietors, Messrs. Wallace, Elliott & Co., also operate factories at Haverhill and Stoughton, Mass., each of which turns out distinctive lines of goods, so that the firm are exceptionally well picpartd to cater to all classes of trade and it is not surprising that their business extends to every State in the Union and their products are accepted as the standard wherever introduced. The Farmington factory is located on C'entral street, and is made up of two thoroughly made brick One of these i.s five buildings connected by an arch. stories in height and 165 X 40 feet in dimensioris, and the other measures 11,5 X 70 feet. The plant of machinery in use is of the most improved type and includes an engine of thirty horse power with boiler sixty hor,-e. As employ; — ; ment is given to from 300 to -100 assistants it is obvious that the annual output must be very large in amount, and it is very great in value from the fact that it is luade up in a large degree of fine goods. This factoiy has beeu devoted to the production of ladies', mi>ses' and children's fine boots exclusively until during the current year they have added men's, boys' and youths' calf, buff, splits and A full line ot each is manufactured, including the latest fashionable novelties, and among the leading specialties are bright dongolas. kid and French kid. From the selection of the material to the completion of the last process incidental to manufacture no trouble is spared to attain the best possible results as regards all the essentials of shajieliness, stj-le, ease and durability, and as the best obtainable mechanical facilities are provided, skilled labor employed and careful supervision exercised nothing is wanting to ensure the production of goods that will sell on their merits everywhere and give the best of Messrs. Walsatisfaction to both consumers and dealers. lace, Elliott & Co., began business something more than a score of years ago, and for more than eighteen years they have employed Hon. J. F. Cloutman as superintendent and manager. Plis exceptional fitness for those positions is so conclusively proved by the results attained that no eulogy of his ability is necessary, but it is but just to state that no one identified with this great enterprise has worked harder to develop it to its present magnitude. dongola goods. George W. Lane, Jeweler, No. — 6 Main Street, Farming- N. H. Among Farmington's business men are found a good many examples of financial success won by the energetic pursuit of honorable industry and honorable business methods, and the}- afford a valuable object lesson to encourage young men starting in business life at the foot of the ladder, for some of those above referred to ton, commenced under most discouraging circumstances and surroundings. Among the young business men of Farmington who are making the creditable effort to build up a successful business and gain an honorable livelihood upon the merits of their work aud enterprise, mention should be made of Mr. George W. Lane, whose place of business located at No. 6 Main street, where be is prepared to do kinds of watch and clock repairing and cleaning in and all work is guaranteed to give entire satisfaction. lie also deals in clocks, and is prepared to give his patrons the benefit of very low prices. All kinds of repairing and engraving of jewelry will be done at Umbrellas and short notice in a workmanlike manner. parasols will be repaired, and keys made and fitted promptly when ordered. Mr. Lane solicits a share of the patronage of the pub ic with the determination to render a service in return that shall be favorably appreciated by every patron. Mr. Lane commenced businws during the current year, and is a native of Lewiston, Maine. is all first-class shape, �78 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF Wilson House, E. T. Coltou, Proprietor H. S. Cotton, Clerk and Manager FarmingtoD, N. H. It is said that " experience is the best teacher," and no doubt such is the ca-ie in the sense that those wlio are so taught have to remember their [[j reason lesson, but tlie teacliings of experience are sometimes prettj- hard to endure so the wise mau profits by the experience of others and thus saves himself much unnecessary discomfort. For instance, one way to learn what hotel in any given place offers the best accommodations is to put up at all of them, one after the other, bnt such a course is manifestly foolish, the sensible mode of procedure being to patronize that one which is highest recommended, and those who would do this in Farmington would go at once to the Wilson House,— and they would never have reason to regret doing so either. This hotel is owned by Mr. E. T. Cotton, wlio'is also proprietor of the Langdon House in Portsmouth. He is a native of Bromfield, Jle., and so is Mr. H S. Cotton, who officiates as clerk and manager of the Wilson House, and deserves uo small share of the credit for its popularity, for he spares no pains to secure the comfort of guests and maintains the service at a high standard of etficiency in every department. The building is pleasantly located and commodious, it comprising three stories and a French-roof, and containing thirty-two coiufortable beds and other accommodations in proportion. The dining room has seating capacity for seventy-five, and employment is given to nine assistants, so that even when the house is fuU the service is prompt and satisfactory. The building is heated by steam, being thoroughly comfortable in the coldest weather. An abundant variety of excellent food is provided at all seasons, and the cooking will coiupare favorably with that done in many pretentious city hotels at which the terms are much higher than those of the Wilson House, for the prices quoted here are very reasonable, special inducements being held out f.ir regular boarders, although transient trade is also accommodated at very low rates. ; — ; Amasa W. Shackford, Photographer, Shackford Block, Central Street, Farmington, N. H.— If improved apparatus and reliable chemicals and unbounded self-confidence •were all that is necessary to make a first-class photographer the country would be full of such, for about every tenth man you see nowadays practices photography for fun or for money and can talk to you by the hour about "negatives," and many other things but when it comes "exposures," aiid "developing," and of which you know little or nothing, to putting theories into practice the photographer, amateur or profe-ssional, cannot seem to make a very excellent showing. The fact is. long experience and considerable natural ability are absolutely essential to the attainment of thoroughly sntisfactory results in photography and an illustration of this may be bad by comparing the work turned out hv Mr. Amasa W. Shackford with that produced iiv other photographers who might be mentioned, for Mr. "shackf.)rd has been in the business for more tlian thirtv years and of course is thoroughly familiar with it in eveVy detail He was born in Barnstead, N. H., and considering his long and honorable business career it is hardly necessary to'sta'e is very favorably and almost universally known throusrhout this section. His rooms are located on the third floor of Shackford's Block, Central street, and are heated by steam and very thoroughly fitted up in everv wav. Photography in all its branches is carried on, "orders being filled at short notice and at uniformlv moderate rates, while the results attained are such that "it is perfectly safe to fully guarantee satisfaction to all wlio may place orders at this popular studio. average FAIi.\flNGTON. Farmington Savings Bank, Farmington, N. H. — Of all the many instituions which the progress of civilization has developed there is not one more admirable than the savings bank, for the operations of this are distinctly and entirely beneficial in their effects upon individuals, upon communities and upon the nation itself. The most valuable feature of such a bank is that it helps the people by giving them the means to help themselves, and as this assistance is not at all of a charitable nature, but is a purely business transaction, the proudest have no reason to refuse it, while those who are too willing too depend upon others are not injured by it in the least. Those who avail themselves of the help of such a bank are encouraged to form industrious and frugal habits thej' are encouraged to deu3' themselves the gratification of injurious and expensive tastes they are encouraged to provide for the future b)' making the best possible use of present advantages, and in short, their character is strengthened and improved in many ways and they profit morally, mentally and physically by their connection with the institution. Of course, we have reference to a savings bank which is soundly established and ably managed, and the residents of Farmington and vicinity need not go away fnmi home to find an institution of this Kind, for the record the Farmington savings bank has made since it was chartered, in 1868, entitles it to a leading position among the most sound and progressive savings banks of the State. And we are happy to say that the facilities it offers for the safe and profitable investment of small sums are generally appreciated and largelj' availed of, a late statement show ing deposits of $646,628.44. The same statement showed that there was a surplus of $32,789.48 and a guaranty fund of $24,000, so it will be seen that the bank is conservatively managed, but an even more satisfactory proof that the interests of depositors will be ably and faithfully guarded is that afforded by the standing of those identified with the institution, as the following list of officers will show president, H. B. Edgerly vice president, Levi Pearl treasurer, Charles W. Talpey. Trustees Charles W. "Winsate, John H. Barker, Cha"rles W. Talpey. Jonathan R. Hayes, James B Edgerly, E. T. Willson, G. A. Jones, Alonzo Nute, Levi Pearl, George N. Eastman, J. F. Cloutman, H. B. Edgerly, E. P. Nute, D. E. Edgerly, J. P. Bennett, B. P. Chesley. ; ; : ; ; : Roberts <& Peavey, Druggists and Stationers. Wall Paper, Paints and Oils. Ariists' Materials, Weekly and Daily Newspapers and Periodicals, 21 >Iain Street, Farmington, N, H. The firm of Roberts & Peavey was formed in 1889, but the enterprise carried on by this concern is of much earlier origin, its inception dating back some twenty years as operations were begun about 1872 by Mr. A. C. Newell. This gentleman was succeeded in 1879 by Messrs. Emerson & Garland, they giving place in 1885 to Messrs. E. W. Emerson Co., who were succeeded by Messrs. Roberts & Avery in 1887, the present firm assuming control two years "later. The partners are Messrs. W. W. Roberts and W. L. Peavey, both of whom are natives of Farmington, and are too well known here to need extended personal mention. Their store is located at No. 21 Maia street, and has an area of 1.500 square feet, affording ample room for the carrying of a heavy and exceptionally varied stock which comprises not only a full line of pure drugs, medicines and chemicals, and such other articles as are usually found in a first-class drug store, but also an attractive assortment of wall papers, paints and oils, artists' materials, fashionable and business stationery, — & weekly and daily papers, periodicals, etc. Employment is given to two assistants and callers may depend upon receiving prompt and courteous attention at all times, while the prices quoted are always in strict accordance with the lowest market rates. The drugs and medicines handled are of the best quality obtainable, and as great care is exercised to ensure the nicest accuracy in the compounding of prescriptions it is natural that an extensive trade should be done in this important department. �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF FARMINOTON. & Co., dealers in General Merchamiise, Among those old-established and representative enterprises which are known to John H. Barker rMain Street, Fanniugtoti, N. H. everyone at all — acquainted with Farniington and its resources, that conducted by tlie tirm of John H. Barker Co., deserves prominent nnd favorable mention, for this •has been carried on for fully thirty years, and is to day one of the best managed and most reliable and popular general stores in this section of the State. Operations were begun in 1860 by Mr. John Barker, father of the present proprietor, in company with his son, Mr. J. H. Barker, has been sole owner since his father retired, in 1880. Mr. J. H. Barker is a native of Wolfboro, and, of course, & who ds widely known in business and social circles in Farmington andvicinity. The premises utilized comprise one tloor and a basement, each S.") X 50 feet in dimensions, and tliey •contain about as varied a stock as it is possible to conceive of, for this is a "general store" in the full sense of the term and includes everything to be found in a first class country store. The assortment is as carefully selected as it is varied, and every article in it is guaranteed to prove as represented, while the prices quoted will bear the •severest comparison with those of other dealers in goods •of equal quality. A. Nute & Farmington, N. — E. T. Willson, dealer in Groceries, Four, Grain, Crockery. Paints and Oils, Shoe Findings and Hardware. 8, 10 and 12 South Main Street (Talpey's Block), Farmington, N. H. The establishment conducted by Mr E. T Willson at Nos. 8, 10 and 13 South Main street, Talpey's Block, is a thoroughly representative one, for not only is the enterprise itself a leader in its special line but the proprietor is a representative business man, he having done much to advance the interests of this town and now holding the position of State senator. Mr. Willson is a native of TTork, Me., and has carried on his present business since 1882, it having been founded in 1870 by Mr. C. W. Talpey. The premises occupied are very spacious and contain a heavy and carefully chosen stock comprising staple and fancy groceries, tiour and grain, crockery and hardware, paints and oils, shoe findings, sporting goods, including guns, rifles ammunition, fishing tackle, etc., the assortment as a whole being one of the most complete and desirable an the country. Both a wholesale and retail business is •done and every order, large or small, is assured immediate and careful attention, for employment is given to four •competent assistants and every facility is provided to enable commissions to be promptly and accurately exeUnder these circumstances it goes without saying icuted. 'that Mr. Willson is in a position to meet all honorable com(petition by quoting the lowest market rates on goods of (Standard and dependable quality. — manufacturers of Mens' Shoes, is no establishment in town — There radical have been the changes in machinery and in methods since this enterprise was inaugurated but the management of it has been steadily progressive, and to-day the establishment is a fine example of a modern shoe factory, both as regards its equipment and the quality of the work produced. The main structure is four st<iries in height and 110 X 32 feet in dimensions, and there is a twostory addition measuring 75 X 32 feet, and another one story in Fower is furnished by a 40 feet in size. fifiy-horse engine, and employment is given to 250 assistThe annual product is very large in amount and ants. consists of men's shoes, these being manufactured for Bailey of Boston. The firm is Messrs. Potter, White constituted of Mr. Alonzo Nute and his sons, Messrs. height and 100 & Son, manufacturers of Lasts and Sole Ii. S. Flanders Patterns, Farmington. N. H. As the manufacture of shoes lias long been the industry in which Newboots and England is more largely engaged than any other section of •the Union, we would naturally expect to find in the New England States many of those enterprises which are tributary to this great branch of manufacture, such, for instance, .as that conducted by Messrs. L S. Flanders & Son, manuThis concern are well facturers of lasts and sole patterns. and favorably known in business circles, for the undertaking they carry on was founded nearly twenty years ago and has developed to a point where they wholesale to Operations manufacturers throughout New England. were begun in 1873, by Messrs, Haynes & Flanders, the present firm being formed in 1885 and consisting of Messrs. L. S. and A. W. Flanders, both of whom are natives of Concord, N. H. Mr. L. S. Flanders served as representative in 1877-8 and has long been one of the most prominent of our local business men. The concern utilize spacious and well equipped premises, employ experienced assistants and are prepared to furnish lasts and sole patterns and upper patterns of all kinds, in any desired quantities, at the lowest market rates, all orders being assured immediand painstaking attention. Sons, 11. clearly entitled to be classed as representative in the full sense of that much abused word than that conducted by Messrs. A. Nute it Sons, and its claim to .such a title is based not only on a long and honorable record, on a very high present standing and on prospects of the brightest description, but also on the powerful influence the enterprise has exerted in developing the interests of this town and section, and on the standing in the business and social world of the men identified with it. This undertaking was founded many years ago, at a time when shoe manufacturing on a large scale in New Jlamp^hire was a new and somewhat hazardous experiment, and the success it met with had much to do with the present standing of Farmington as a shoe manufacturing centre. Many and more X & The prominence of these genNute. tlemen deserves more than a mere mention of their names E P. in this and A. 1. consideration. The senior member of the firm, Hon. Alonzo Nute, began his connection with the boot and shoe business when sixteen years of age, going to Natick. Mass., for this purpose where he remained for six years, about two of which he was in the emjjloy of VicePresident Henry Wilson and lived in his family. Return'ing to Farmington be liegan the manufacture of boots and shoes which has developed into its present large proportions and become one of the most important plants in the town. When the war of the Rebellion came in 1861 he went out as quartermaster of the Sixth N. H. Regt., and later was placed on the staflf of Genl. R. C Hawkins of the Ninth N. J. Zouaves. He is the present congressman from this having long been prominent in public life. He is vice-president of the Farmington National Bank and is a trustee of the Savings Bank, as is also Mr. E. P. Nute, who at one time represented Farmington in the legislature. Mr. A. I. Nute holds the office of l]ank C(m)missioner. But although men of affairs as well as of business the members of the firm give the enterprise in the management of which they are associated close personal supervision, and steadily maintain the enviable reputation it has district, held so long. Mrs. L. A. Small, Millinery and Fancy Goods, Central Street, Farmington, N. H.— Although by no means every lady has that combination of taste and skill which is essential to the attainment of satisfactory results in millinery work, there is no reason why every lady should not know where to place orders for such work in the full assurance that they will be satisfactorily filled, and many residents of Farmington and vicinity have found by experience that Mrs. L. A. Small is admirably qualified to meet all demands made upon her for fine custom millinery work at Jlrs. Small was born in Alton, N. H., all times of year. and has lieen identified with her present business since 1808, so we need hardly add that she is thoroughly familiar with She carries a largeand well-selected stock it in every detail. of ribbon^i, laces, velvets, feathers, flowers, trimmed and untrimmed hats and Ijonnets, besides some fancy goods, but particular attention is given to order work, 'and as Mrs. Small attains results equal' to he best, is moderate in her charges, and is prepared to execute commiss-ions at short notice, it is natural that her establishment should be a proI nounced favorite with ladies throughout this section. �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF FARMINGTON so Dr. N. H. J. E. Nichols, Dentist, Barker's Block, Farmington, Americans have the unenviable reputation of possessing the poorest teeth of any nation in the vporld, and "Whether this reputation be deserved or not it is certainly a fact that in this country poor teeth are the rule and perfect ones the rare exception. Just why this is the case has never been satisfactorily explained, although numberless explanations have been offered, most of which were much more remarkable for their ingenuity than for their conclusiveness. The blame has been laid on our climate, on our food, on our nervous temperament as a people, and on our mode of living, as well as on many other things too numerous to mention, but no one of these has been demonstrated to be the prevailing cause although doubtless most if not all of them have their effect in bringing about the present condition of things. The truth is, individual cases of defective teeth are the result of individual causes, that is to say, each of us can by observation and the exercise ol common sense learn how to keep his own teetli in good order although none of us may be able to assign just cause for the national characteristic. But it is necessary to ' start fair," in the first place and the only way to do this for those whose teeth are not perfect is to visit a competent dentist and have them put in order, after which intelligent care will preserve them in that condition. Of course there is no lack of competent dentists in a country which is conceded to lead the world in dental science, and among those located in this vicinity. Dr. J. E. Nichols is entitled to prominent mention, for he is a thoroughly skillful and very gentle operator and has all necessary mechanical facilities for the practice of his profession in accordance witli the most approved methods. Dr. Nichols is a native of Ashby, Mass and located in Farmington in 1889, his office being at the corner of Central and Main streets, in Barker's Block. He has already built up an extensive practice, and as his work is always thoroughly and durably done and his charges uniformly moderate, it is not surprising that his service should be in steadily increasing demand — — , Frank E. Farwell, Market, Central and Main Streets, Farmington, N. H. No review of the mercantile enterprises of Farmington which omitted to make prominent mention of the leading meat markets could be regarded as complete, for not only are these important in and of them- — l)ut also because of the fact that they make the town desirable as a place of residence than would otherwise be possible, insomuch as they tend to reduce the expense and increase the enjoyment of living by furnishing nourishing and palatable food at the very lowest rates. Not one of these establishments is more worthy of commendation and patronage than that of which Mr. Frank E. Farwell is proprietor, for he caters successfully to all classes of trade and has an unsurpassed reputation for giving full value for money received. He was born in this State, and succeeded Sir. W. I. Nutter in the owner- selves much more ship of the enterpiise to which this notice refers in 1888. The store is located at the corner of Central and Main and is sufficiently spacious to accommodate a complete assortment of fresh, salted and corned meats and such other commodities as are usually found in a first-class market. Mr. Farwell employs two assistants, and spares no pains to ensure prompt and courteous attention to every caller, small and large buyers being treated with equal consideration and all goods being sold strictly on their merits, so that complete satisfaction can be safely guaranteed. streets, E. E. Downing, wholesale and retail Bakfr, and dealer Faiminglon, N. H.— The en by Mr. E. E. Downing certainly deserves prominent mention in a review of Farminglon's most valuable an<l popular business underlakings, for no in Groceries, 28 Central Street, enterprise carried , establishment in Ibis town or vicinity is more favorably known in connection with the sale of family food Mr. Downing is a wholesale and retail baker and supplies. dealer in groceries and is prepared to furnish bread, cake and pastry of the best quality in quantities to suit at bottom prices. Staple and fancy groceries are also largely dealt in, & heavy and varied stock being carried and no pains being spared to supply goods that rfill give unifoim satisfaction at prices as low as can be named on articles of similar grade. Mr. Downing is a native of this town and is very widely known here in both business and social circles. He was formerly a member of the firm of Downing <& Schlenker but for some time has been sole proprietor of the business with which he is now identified. Spaciousand well-equipped premises located at No. 28 Central street, are utilized, and employment is given to four assistants. Callers are assured prompt and polite attention, and all orders, large or small, will be carefully and accurately filled at short notice and at the lowest markets rales. StraflFord House, Frank H. McAlpine, Proprietor Good Livery and Boarding Stable connected Farmington, N. H. is by no means an agreeable task to recommend a. ; — It ; hotel to a man unless you know what his tastes are, for some individuals go in for " style " alone and will put up. with comfortless accommodations and poor service as long as they know they are in a "high-toned" house, while othersput comfort before style and don't care how exclusive and aristocratic a house isaslong as it is home like and respectable. But in recommending the Strafford House to our readerswe will avoid all possible misunderstanding by saying at the outset that this hotel is run on the assumption that the public want pleasant rooms, comfortable beds, an abundance of good, substantial food and prompt and polite attendance, and that they don't want to pay fancy prices but are willing to pay a fair amount for homelike accommodations. The Strafford was furnished new throughout in 1889 and consequently the beds are of modern style, comfortable and roomy, and the toilet facilities, etc.. are convenient and complete. The dining room will seat thirty six guests, and the table is bountifully supplied at; all seasons of the year, while the cooking and service are excellent. The proprietor of the house is Mr. Frank H. McAl])ine. This gentleman does all in his power tosecure the comfort of guests and is very popular among the patrons of the house, who speak in the highest terms of hisreadiness to furnish any desired information and to makethings as easy and pleasant as possible for strangers in town. There is a good livery and boarding stable connected with this hotel, and those desiring teams for business or pleasure purposes can obtain them without delay and at very reasonable figures. Frank Pearl, dealer in Choice Family Groceries, Dry and Fancy Goods, Farmington, N. H. If any of our readers who have "kept house" for any length of time have never experienced difficulty in getting dependable groceries at fair prices, they have been far more fortunate than the majority of us are, or else have exercised unusual discrimination in the placing of ordeis, for it isunquestionably an easy matter to obtain first class groceries at moderate rates provided you know what establishment to patronize; while it would be absurd and unjust to claim that that carried on by Mr. Frank Pearl is the only one in this vicinity at which such goods may be had,, it may still be truthfully asserted that the inducements he offers are unsurpassed, and hence those dissatisfied with, — their present service would best serve their own interests by favoring him with a trial order. Mr. Pearl is a native of Farmington and has conducted his present business He occusince succeeding Mr. C. W. Wingate in 1887. pies one floor and a basement, measuring 30 X 35 feet, and his stock includes not only a full line of choice family groAll orders are ceries but also dry and fancy goods, etc. assured prompt and careful attention, and although low prices are quoted, no trouble is spared to furnish goods that will give the best of satisfaction to every reasonable, customer. �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF FARMIN6T0N. Dealer in J. Wesley Locke, Livery and Sale Stable. Carriages and Harnesses, Crowley Street, Farmington, N. H. The establishment conducted by Mr. J. Wesley Locke is of interest both to those who wish to hire and those who wish to buy horses and carriages for Jlr. Locke not only carries on a first-class livery stable but also deals largely in horses, carriages and harnesses, and is prepared to give Seme of our big value for money received every time. readers who have never had dealings with him ma}' think this latter (-talement somewhat exaggerated, but let thtm remember thai "the proof of the pudding is in the eating,"and not definitely make up their minds on the matter until Ihey have given Jlr. Lccke a call and found out for themselves what he is in a position to do, and we have no fear but what they will then agree that our assertion is correct, itr. Locke is a native of Dover, N. H., and Spacious opened his present establishment in 1889. premises located on Crowlej' street, are utilized, and from eighteen to twenty horses are always on baEd, together with a number of stylish and easy riding vehicles, so that livery teams of excellent quality can be furnished without delay, and as the charges are moderate the public make extensive use of the faciliiies provided. Lack of space forbids our making extended mention of the sale business but suffice it to say that Mr. Locke is always in a position to sell you a good horse at a fair price and that when you buy of him you can safely depend upon getting an animal that will prove as represented, while he can furnish carriages and harnesses at as low prices (qualitj' considered) as an y dealer in the State. Hayes & Sons, Shoe Manufacturers, Farmington, N. H. Not the least among the marvels of the present day is the almost nominal price at which a pair of boots or shoes honestl}' made from good material can be bought, and it is, in one sense of the word, an industrial paradox, that the more complete and costly the plant employed in manufacturing operations, the less is the expense of production. The factory conducted b}' Messrs. L Hayes & Sons on Grove street in this town, is a three-story building, most convenient in construction and equipment. It having the form of a hollow square affords light and well-ventilated rooms, and is heated by steam which also furnishes the power for the machinery, which is of the most approved pattern. Employment is given to from 200 to 250 hands. The product reaches quite large proportions, and is composed of full lines of men's, boys' and youths' — and A calf shoes. The goods are distributed in the market through Messrs. John S. Fogg & Co., of Boston, and are sold mostly in the Southern and Western States. The business was established about 1878 and has from the first been attended with phenomenal success, in that it has had a continued and healthy growth and development, and has acquired an excellent reputation for its manufactured goods. The firm is composed of Mr. Israel Hayes and his son, E. W. Hayes, while F. C. Hayes, another son, is clerk. Each of these gentlemen are too well and favorably known in business and social circles to require any extended notice in this review. Jlr. Israel Hayes had valuable experience in the shoe manufacturing business in Nali<k, Mass., as did also a number of Farmington manufacturers, returning to Farmington to establish this enterprise. fine calf, P calf, veal calf Mrs. E. H. York&Co.,Millineiy and Ladies' Furnishing Goods, Farmington, N. H. There is reallv but one way which to estimate the comparative standing of such an enterprise as is conducted hy Jlrs. E. H. York & Co., and that is to make a personal canvass of such members of the community as would naturally be in a position to offer a competent and an unprejudiced opinion of it, and the result of such a canvass would be to give this undertaking the leading position it deserves, for there is not one of a similar nature in this section more thoroughly popular or — in more generally known. has been so efficiently It was established in 1880, and managed that for some years this establishment has been regarded as the headquarters for the doing of fine millinery work particular attention being given to such orders, although millinery and ladies' furnishing goods are quite largely dealt in and the latest novelties in Ihce lines are constantly in stock. But custom woik is made a specially of and such care and skill are shown in adapting means and methods to individual cases that those who have experieneed diflicully in obtaining millineiy suikd to iheir needs should by all means make trial of the service heie offered. Oidcis are promptly filled, and moderate charges aie made in every ; — I. 81 , instance, W. F. Thayer, dealer in Stoves, Tinware, Pumps, Sheet Lead, Pipe, Kitchen Furnishing Goods, etc., Faimington, — N. H. The difference in price between a stove that embodies all the latest improvements and one that contains but few or none of tht m is but small, comparatively speaking, but even if it were ten times as much as it is it would still be true economy to pay it, for a strictly first class modern stove is fo economical of fuel and is so easy tomanage and so certain in its operation that it will soon pay for itself when it displaces a stove made in accordanceOf course, in order to be sure of getting the best possible stove for the least poesible money you must deal with the right party, but the residents of thisvicinity need have no difficulty on that score for Mr, W. F. Thayer is prepared to furnish the latest types of cooking and heating stoves at positively bottom prices, and tO' guarantee that they will do all that is claimed for them if with old ideas. Mr. Thayer is a used in accordance with directions. native of Gray Corner, Me., and needs no introduction to our Farmington readers, he having carried on his present business here for ten years and being chief engineer of the fire department. He utilizes very spacious premises, comprising one floor of the dimensions of 134 X 22 feet, and another measuring 60 X 22 feet, and carries a heavy and varied stock of stoves, tinware, pumps, sheet lead, pipe, kitchen furnishings, etc. Every facility is at hand for the doing of job work in tin, brass and sheet-iron, and special attention is given to tin roofing, such work being promptly, In fact, all skilfully and durably done at moderate rates. orders of whatever nature are assured immediate and careattention, for employment is given to six competent ful assistants and no trouble is spared to fully maintain the enviable reputation so long associated with this representative enterprise. J. E. Fernald, dealer in Groceries, Hardware, Shoe Findings, Paints. Oils, Glass, Books, Stationery, etc., etc.; Steam .Job Printing Office connected with the Store: Farmington, N. H.— Mr. J. E Fernald is a native of Sanford, Me., but is certainly a Farmington man by adoption at least, for he has carried on business here for a third of a century, and has been and is very active and successful in promoting the best interests of this town and section. He served en the board of selectmen, for the past eleven years has held his present position of town treasurer, while at one time he officiated as postmaster. In ctmpany with Mr. George W. Fernald, his son, he owns and publishes the Fiirmwgton Netes. and also carries on a thoroughly equipped steam job printing office. Mr. Fernald deals in groceries, hardware, shoe findings, paints, oils, gla.ss, books, stationery, etc., carrying a large and complete stock and utilizing piemises of the dimensions of 4G^ >< "^M feet. He founded ihis business in 1857 and it has since become so generally known to the purchasing public throughout this vicinity as to render extended mention of it quite superfluous. The people know that the goe)dsbought at this store will prove just as represented they know that the stock is varied enough to allow all tastes and purses to be suited they know that the lowest market rates are quoted on all the commodities dealt in, and they know that all orders, large or small, are assured prompt and careful attention, and knowing these things it would he strange if they did not give the enterprise hearty and. continuous support, which, as a matter of fact, Ihey do. ; ; �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF FARMINOTON. '82 P. E. Mooney, dealer in Coal and Wood, Pressed Hay and Straw. No. 3.5 Nor'h Main Street, Farmington, N. H. —Mr. F. E. Mooney is very generally and favorably known in Farmington and viciniiy, for not only is be a native of tbat town and lias a large circle of friends tbere, but be carries on one of tbe most popular of Ibe local establisbmeats, be being extensively engaged in tbe sale of coal and wood, pressed hay and straw, clapboards, sbingles, latb, lime, cement, bair and brick, besides conducting a first-class And livery stable. this stable is first-class in tbe full sense of tbat often misused word, for Mr. Mooney maintains eight good horses, has some stylish and easj' riding vehicles and in fact can furni.sb you with a rig that will give the best of satisfaction and appear well in any -company. Teams may be had at very short notice and the charges are moderate every time. Orders for coal and wood, pressed bay and si raw are also assured immediate and painstaking attention, for ample shed room for storage purposes is available and a targe stock is constantly carried, while employment is given to three assistants, and the facilities for prompt and accurate delivery are excellent. The lowest market rales are quoted and equal care is given to the filling of large and small orders. ' Charles H. Berry, Fruit, Confectionery, Ice Cream, .Main Street, Farmington. The business carried on by Mr. Charles H IJerry was established for some years and passed through the bands of several proprietors before — etc., say that as — M came into bis possession, in 1885, but it is onh" fair to it was never so well managed and popular before has been and is under tbe present management. Mr. Berry is a native of Strafford, N. H., and has a large circle of friends in Farmington and vicinity, many of whom be has made by his straightforward business methods and the accommodating spirit be shows in the carrying on of his enterprise The premises utilized by him are located on Main street, and contain a soda fountain and other facilities for tbe carrying on of the extensive trade in soda and ice cream which is enjoyed during tbe proper season. A good stock of seasonable fruits is also always on band to select from, together with choice confectionery, cigars, tobacco, etc. These goods are carefullj' chosen and will suit tbe most critical, but the prices are uniformly moderate, being in fact as low as can be named on articles of equal merit. it P. M. Frost, Dry and Fancy Goods, Cloutman Block, Farmington, N. H. In these days of sudden and frequent changes in fashion and shar]) and intelligent competition it is no eas_v matter to carry on a really first-class dry and fancy goods store, for tbe stock of such an establishment must of necessity be large and varied, must be so frequently renew-ed as always to include the latest fashionable novelties, and tbe goods of which it is composed must be sold at a narrow margin of profit in order to be disposed of as rapidly as is necessary. Consequently first-class stores of this kind are not common, and as tbat of which Mr. P. Frost is proprietor is thoroughly first-class it naturally follows that it enjoys a very large share of the patronage of residents of this section. This business was founded in 1878 and is under the direct management of Mr. F. B. Frost, son of the owner. The premises utilized have an area of 1200 square feet and contain as full and desirable a stock of dry and fancy geods as can be found in this section of the State, but we don"t propose to attempt to describe it for tbe simple reason that it is replenished so frequently and largely that any description of it would soon be " out of date." Suffice it to say that it comprises full lines of staple articles as well as many of the latest and most attractive novelties, and tbat the goods are in every instance guaranteed to prove as represented and are sold at positive!}' bottom figures. Callers are assured prompt and courteous attention, employment being given to four experienced assistants. it G. A. Jones &. Co., Fm-niture, Carpets and Room Paper, No. 12 Central Street, Farmington, N. H —Those wishing to purchase anything in the line of furniture, carpets or wall paper, if they have had much experience in the buying of such goods, will seek a bouse that carries a large and varied stock, that caters intelligently to all classes of trade, and tbat has a well-earned reinitation for sound integrity. Such houses are to be found in every business centre, and one of them right here in Farmington is that of G. A. .Jones Co carrying on operations at No. 13 Central street, where premises having an area of 4500 square feet are utilized The business has been conducted by the present concern since 1887, succeeding Mr. E. B. Small who had conducted the business for over a score of years. Tlie management of this house for enterprise and fair dealing is not surpassed by that of any house in the country. Mr. Jones is a native of Farmington, and is so well known here in both business and social •circles as to make extended personal mention quite unnecessary. He has striven from the first to build up the enterprise on the sound basis of perfectly and permanently satisfied patrons, and that he has succeeded, the present standing of the undertaking fully proves. The very latest fashionable novelties in furniture, carpets and room:paper are constantly on hand to select from, and all tastes and purses can be suited from the stock, as it is kept complete in every department. The prices are as low as the lowest, quality of course considered, and sufficient assist- A ance is employed to ensure attention to everv caller. , prompt and painstaking W. A. Elliott, Ice Cream. Fruit, Cigars, etc.. Central Street, Farmington, N. H. It is no easy task to successfully carry on such a business as is conducted b}' Mr. W. A. Elliott, for nearly all the articles dealt in by him are — of a nature that renders it necessary to continually renew the stock if it is to be kept in an attractive condition, and to exercise great care in the choice of tbe goods he offers the public. That be has succeeded in accomplishing this task so far is proved by the popularity of his establishment, and this popularity is evidentlj' destined to steadily increase, for he spares no pains to continually improve the service rendered, and has considerably extended the business since assuming control of it in 1889. Mr. Elliott carries on a large ice cream trade during the warmer months, his store, which is located on Central street, being conveniently fitted-up as an ice cream saloon, and the service being very prompt and satisfactory, while the cream is strictlj' first-class and the prices are moderate. Confectionery, fruits, tonic beer and other light drinks, cigars, tobacco, etc., are also dealt in, a well cbosen stock being carried and all callers being assured immediate and courteous attention. M. W. Small, dealer in Groceries, Grain, Crockery, Glass-ware and Farming Tools, 10 Central Street, Farmington, N. H. It is a very heavy and varied stock that is offered by Mr. M. W. Small, and as be deals in such indispensable commodities as groceries, grain, glass-ware, crockery, farming tools, etc., it is natural that a very extensive business should be done, especiall}' as the goods uniformly prove as represented and are sold at the lowest market rates. Mr, Small was born in Raymond, Me., and has been identified with his present establishment since 1877, during which time it has become one of the most generally and favorably known stores of tbe kind in this town and vicinity. The premises made use of comprise one floor of the dimensions of 20 X 70 feet, and a basement having an area of 3000 square feet, the latter being specially devoted to the handling Of grain, feed, flour, etc., as this is one of the most important departments of the business. The service at this popular store is remarkably prompt and efficient, much more so than that offered at many establishments doing a much smaller business, for employment is given to four competent assistants and no trouble is spared to ensure immediate and careful attention to every caller, orders being accurately delivered at — short notice. �— LEADING BUSINESS MEN OV FARMINOTON. 83: emploj'cd, commends this store to all wishing to have especially as the charges prescriptions compounded, made are uniformly moderate. Toilet and fancy goods are well represented in the stock, many attractive novelthe most ties being offered, together with trusses of approved make, and a full line of fashionable and business stationery, pocket cutlerj' is also dealt in to a considerable — extent, and all tlie articles handled are guaranteed to prove as represented and are offered at the lowest market rates. This establishment has made itself known throughout this region as manufacturing chemists. Star Synteretic, Star cough balsam, Star liniment, Star cordial and Star being among the best & Oo., Druggists and Stationers, 37 Main Farminston, N. H. The business conducted by & Co., -would be worthy of promiuent mention on account of its age alone, even if it had no other thing to recommend it to notice, for this is cue of the oldest established enterprises of the kind in the State, it having been inaugurated in 183T by Dr. D. T. Parker. But its claims to notice, far from resting entirely on its .antiquity, is based very largel3' on its present standing, for under the management of the existing firm, who began operations m 1889, this enterprise is one of the most reliable and useful of the kind of all those carried on in The proprietors are JMr. H. P. Fall and Dr. this vicinity. H. P. Wheatley, the former being a native of Farmington, while the latter was born in Brooktield, Vt. Both give P. Fall .'Street, — Messrs. H. P. Fall close personal attention to the details of the business, and the advantages gaiued by having a physician connected "with a pharmac}- are certainly too obvious to require men tion. The firm are drugsists and stalioners and carry a Tery large and complete stock requiring the occupancy of two floors, each of which measures 18 X 50 feet. The assortment of drug:*, medicines and chemicals is not onlj' extensive but is made up of goods selected from the most reliable sources, which (act. combined with the facilities 'Sot handling provided and the thoroughness of the system pills, of their productions. C. W. Jenness, manufacturer of Wood and Paper Boxes Job Sawing, Planing, and Mill Work of all kinds; Timber, Boards, Sheathing, Moulding, etc., kept on hand; Lumber sawed by portable mills; Farmington, N. H. The manufacture of wood and paper boxes is one of the important industries of this section and it is also one of the most promising for the demand for boxes is steadily and rapidly increasing and some of our local manufacturers show great enterprise in catering to this demand, the natural result being that Farmington is becoming a prominent One of the most entercentre for supplies of this kind. prising and successful of those engaged in wood and paper box making is Mr. C. W. Jenness, who is a native of Rochester. N. H., and began oiieraiions in this town in 1878. The premises utilized by him have an area of 5,000 square feet _and are fitted up with improved machinery, driven by two steam engines of forty and fifteen horsepower respectively. Every facility is provided for the manufacture of wood and paper boxes and the largest orders can be filled at short notice and at low rates, but the business is by no means confined to this, it also including the doing of job sawing, planing and mill work of all kinds, and the sale of timber, board.?, slieathing, moulding, Mr. etc., a large slock of which is constantly carried. Jenness operates two portable mills, and in short is thoroughly well prepared to do business on a large scale and to successfully meet all honorable competition, as is showa by the steady development of his enterprise during the ; '.""H. known past twelve years. �LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF CONCORD. 84 The trade of thie Harness of America. house extends to every part of the inhabited globe where American or English enterprise has gained a foothold. the Standard THE COIVCORD 1IARXE8!«, MADE ONLY BY The firm took the highest award at the Centennial in 1876, awards at Sidney in 1879, and was the only party receiving two awards at the Melbourne exhibition of 1880. Their harness also took the first prize again at Melbourne in 1888, and have always taken the highest awards when Barnum Bailey are heavy placed in competition. patrons of this company's productions, and are using a. complete outfit in all their departments of harness made by this firm. While express and coach harness are a prominent feature, j-et a specialty of the house is tlie making of fine harness, including fine carriage harness, coupfe, rockaway, gentlemen's light driving and business harness 'I'he customer can have his of all sorts and descriptions. taste gratified in every respect, and, in point of style, they are surpassed by none. Tlie following editorial article, taken from the Coach and l<addlerii Journal, published in New York City, showshow the trade look upon the goods manufactured by thisfirm "George H. Emery, senior member of the firm of James R. Hill & Co., Concord, N. H., paid a flying visit to this city last week for the purpose of buying stock forthe firm, whose business is steadily increasing, notwithstanding their factory is located in a citj- that of itself* The value of offers little inducement to business visitors. a good reputation, honorable and square dealing, wasnever made more apparent than it is with the house of 'The Concord Harness,' their trade mark being an imperturbable barrier to rival houses, and especially to that classwho have not the ability to invent new styles themselves, and can onl}' copy and imitate others. There are such houses in the trade, and their reputations in this respects This house is among the pioneers and in. are well known. the advance ground in getting up new styles, and probably there has been more copying from 'The Concord Harness" than all others in the country, as it seems to be the ne plvf ultra of some harness manufacturers of the class we have mentioned to say they can make as good a harness as the Concord Harness,' made hx James K. Hill & Co. It was Mr. Emery who first conceived the idea of making a standard harness, and obtained for his house their trade mark,, which consists of the words The Concord Harness,' andl special JAMES R. HILL & CO., & ESTABLISHED 1840. : ^ James R. Hill St, Co., the only makers of the " Concord Harness" ant) collars, are probably as well and favorably known as any other house in this countr}' as makers of the celebrated and world-renowned "Concord Harness," and the firm's business forms no small portion of the man- The founder of commenced business, in a ufacturing industry of the capital city. the house, Mr. .James H. Hill, bis indomitable energy and small way, in 1840, and by perseverance, attending strictly to business and making good work, soon gained for him a good reputation throughout the State. And as the railroads pushed out into the far West, necessitating connecting lines by staging, those who had used his harness in the East, wanted them in their new enterprises, and so as time rolled on, the business was increased. In 1851, the present senior part- ner of the firm, George H. Emery, entered the employ of Mr. Hill as an apprentice, commencing at the very foot of the ladder, learning all the details of every part of the was placed in charge of the manufacturing department, and, in 1865. was admitted to equal partnership with Jlr. Hill and J. E. Dwight, the son-inlaw of Mr. Hill, and since that time, the practical management has rested on his shoulders. On the decease of Mr. Hill, in 1884, Mr. Emery and jMr. Dwight purchased the heirs' interest, and the business has since been managed under the same firm-name in 1888, a stock company was formed continuing the same name, Mr. Emery becoming president and general manager and Mr. Dwight treasurer. A word in regard to the workshops which are very extensive, although the stranger passing by on JIain street would not see the immense workshops in the rear. The building located on North Main street, comprises a three story building and basement, 40 X 125 feet, with a three-story and basement building connected in the rear, 40 X 160. and a collar shop building, two stories in height, 25 X 60 feet. The company has recentlv opened a store in Boston at 30 Sudbury street, 61-03 Portland street. Employment is given to from 100 to 150 skilled workmen, according to the season. The company does an exten.eive wholesale business, the largest probably of the kind in New England. No concern in the country gives more genuine value for every dollar received. The quality of the work manufactured by this concern stands unrivalled, being acknowledged not only to be the best to be had, but trade, and, in 18159, ; ' ' later date, another in which music is made toappear, the significance of which has been a puzzle tomany, as it was to us, to know what music had to do with: asked Jlr. Emery for the meaning, whoa harness. Why, what is music but harmony, and what is said harmony but a concord of sounds ? And in our harness we combine harmony in their proportions, one strap with another; hence they are 'Concord Harness.' There is nodanger of the good name of the house being sacrificed under its present management, as both members of thefirm have had a long and practical experience, the senior from 1851. and the junior from 1865. Knowing how and what to buy is an attainment reached by comparatively He isfew, but Mr. Emery is prominent among that few. looked upon bj' the New York harness leather manufacturers as one of the most competent judges of harnessWhen David Moffat, the leather that visits this city. acknowledged leader in the manufacture of harness leather, He is a says, as he did to the editor, of Mr. Emery thorough and critical judge of harness leather he knowsHe knows good leather at sight, and, in all about it. it is useless to offer him buying, selects only the best an}thing else. lie bu\'s close, but he buys good stock onl}-.' It speaks volumes in praise of tlie buj'er, and givesassurance to those who buy The Concord Harness that they will get harness made of good stock and in a workalso, at a We ' ; : ' ; ; ' ' manlike manner." No higher endorsement can be had. The use of thefirm's trade mark, "The Concord Harness," is not limited to any one style of harness, but is and alw-ays has been applied and used by them for every description of harness, of superior quality of stock and workmanship, meaning: that the puichaser should become accustomed to reljr �— : LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF CONCORD. AMERICA. ;upon the quality of any harness sold him under this name, «nd while the motto, which is original with this house, (altliougli it has been copied by others) " Not how cheap, but how good." when applied to the quality of " The Concord Harness," is wholly true yet, if a cheap harness is wanted, it can be obtained of them in any style desired, at prices lower than the lowest. Aside from the inauufacluing of harness, the firm carry a line of all kinds of goods carriage and stable furnishings, belonging to the trade horse clothing, trunks, travelling valises, and all sorts of saddlery hardware generally. On seeing the firm's trade mark, where the music is made to appear, the poet has furnished the following verses, which state the facts very III. I. Come, Make In Afric's sunny clime, Australia's land sublime. O'er Europe's plains. O'er Asia's boundless ground In fact the world around, drivers, let us sing, the welkin ring With songs of praise. Praise for the harness fine, Made in the bci^t design. Beauty in every line, ; all Strong in is " Concord Harness " found, Where men draw ways. all reine. IV. II. ; •clearlv " Not how cheap, but how Long has our motto stood good,' ! ! Of no fair test afraid, by druft or pou. : So, with harmonious voice, Proclaim the peoi)le'8 choice, From near and far. Shout, to the heaveus blue Shout, men of every hue Shout, for (he "Concord '' true Before all men. Surpassed by none e'er made. No matter what the grade. Concordia ! Organized 1845 INSUR/1NCE \VILLL\M Crowe LL fit H. BEERS, :PRESIDENT M^Kellar GenI Agents- CHASE'S BLOCK 15N0.MAIN the lawyers call the " burden of proof,' 'is now thrown on the man who is not insured, for such a revolution has occurred in public sentiment within a decade or 80, that a man who can be insured but neglects to take out a policy, is regarded as careless and selfish unless he can prove the contrary to be the fact. Really the only question for a sensible man to consider is where he can place his insurance to the best advantage, and we can aid pow-^rfully in an entirely satisfactory solution of that i)j' directing our readers' attention to the facilities offered by the York Life Insurance Company, whose State agency for New Hampshire is in Room No. 4, Chase's Block, 1.5 No. Main St., t^oncord. Here may be found Messrs. Crowell <fc McKellar, who are the general agents for New HampThey shire, and control sub agents throughout the State. established their agency in April, 1889, and have already written a great many policies, for they are in a position to furnish the highest type of insurance at the lowest market rates. The New York Lite is one of the strongest and most extensive life companies in the world, and the magnitude of its operation is most significantly shown by the record of a single year (1889) What New INCOME .\CCODNT. From " policy-holders interest, rentals, etc Total income $24,.585,921.10 4,.'577,.34.5.14 29,163,'266.24 DISBURSEMENT ACCOUNT. §6,2.52,095.50 Death-claims and endowments Dividends, annuities and purchased insur5,869.026.16 ance 12,121,121.66 Total paid policyholders These figures are impressive and would be even more so were it not for their magnitude, which prevents their Ijeing income For instance the total entirely comprehended. for the j'ear of 1889. over twenty-nine millions of ST. CONCORD. N H. appreciated, but its significance becomes evident when it is learned that it .amounts to nearly cme-fifth of the total income of all the life companies. Look for a moment at the summary for the 45year8' business. Received from policy-holders in premiums, premiums for annuities, $15,846,595.06 $207,679,689.43 Payments to Tola! from policyholders, $223,520,284 49 policy-holders and their representatives with assets now held as security for policies in force exceeds the amount Interest, received from policy-holders, $10,871,375.31. death- losses paid, $.50,040,257rentals, etc., $.52,868,069.94 60 interest and rents exceed death-losses paid. $2,827,812.34. Assets, $105,053,600.96; surplus, $15,600,000.00. Wm. H. Beers, the president, has been connected with the Co. from its infancy, advancing step by step from clerk to cashier, actuary, vice-president, to his present position. First vice-president, Henry Tuck second vice-president, and actuary liulus W. Weeks, have all A. H. Welch reached; their present positions by advancement step by step. With such an administrative staff of officers, the company have and are always advancing the interests of its policy-holders and when we consider the fact, that the amount of its endowment and annuity policies is larger by more than forty millions of dollars, its forms of policies and the results more satisfactory than any other company, it speaks volumes for the executive ability of its officers. The New England Branch, located at Boston, Mass., comprising the New England States, excepting Vermont, is under the supervision of Major Ben. S. Calef. one of the oldest and most prominent life underwriters of Massachulate insurance commissetts, with Hon. D. P. Kingsley Messrs. sioner of Colorado as inspector of agencies. happy to give full and detailed McKellar will be Crowell information upon application, and will gladlj' furnish the actual results of policies which have matured and been settled in 1880, and mail communications will be promptly and carefully attended to. dollars, is too huge to lie ; ; ; ; ; ; & — — �Popular Loans loans to avoid are for — there is always a better use may not have the whole of money. A short crisp sentence the truth in truth the to it ; but it is mind than reader's more likely to carry a of the circumstantial statement. Competition for loans in the west results in lendwe all know ing too much, and lending too much what that leads to. — Western spirit is one of great cheerThere is no such word as "fail" in the The Westerner promises anylocal vocabulary. Rate per cent has no thing, mortgages everything. lend him money enough. terrors for him, if only you When a dozen lenders bid' for his loan the one perhaps that that bids most is the one that gets it Keep out of the dozen. loan is a good one. How ? By looking ahead instead of behind by by seeing the present condition of things at least The tvpical fulness. — ; ; using your eyes instead of even of opinion,, lenders, lean even of lenders, \ on ir, our ears. others. always late. not you. But this is For you there is this one maxim you can trust; and trust him. for us, We The majority, The current : Choose a lender have a primer designed to meet the wants, man or woman money to lend no matter how little or much. Shall we send it ? The Kansas City Investment Company.. the real wants, not the whims, of a — with E. Holmes, President, Treasurer, and Western Manager, Kansas Willis G. Myers, Vice-President and Eastern Manager, Portsmouth. Edward Kansas City, Missouri. Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Omaha, Nebraska. Hartford, Conn. Office John Jeffries City. & Sons, Boston. Beloit, Kansas.. Toledo. Ohio. Dallas, Texas.. �INDEX TO BUSINESS NOTICES. Dover Five Cents S;iviiigs Bank DoTe, \ itl-Mi l;iiik liank Farnn, liank Great .11 I'.aiikingCo Roelie-;.' Savin£s Bank for tlic County of Strafford., Strafford National Bank...r Somersworth Savings Bank IN', - i i ' I 32 32 78 & Co Berry, J. M. Hanson, F. J. (boot and Hayes, I. & Sons Nute, L. M Nute, A. &Son8 Rochester Shoe Co 65 Books E 34 67 22 26 30 Contraccora and Builders. 61 25 .. 18 A rriaee and Sleifch Manufncturers. A 36 20 77 21 Sm^ll.M. W.. Standley. Berry, Charles Davis, C. A Davis, Edward Itlfrs. and Dealers. W Edwin Sleeper. E. V Spencer, A. B Tash, E. S. Co. Willson, E. T A James W James R. A Co H 82 62 Webber, A. H., Mrs Dentists. Garland. Albert 74 49 22 23 80 _.. Guttman, J Hayes, W. W. & E. A. Shorey Hayes. Fred H E Nichols. J. Rowe, Dr Taskcr, C. 60 21 18 W Young, A. J Dry and Fancy Goods. William Dearborn, Thomas H. 66 Bell, & Co 16 & Hobson Dumas, John A 46 47 75 82 63 62 68 23 E Frost, P.M.. Hoyt. Harry M. Hovt, O. A A Co Hofmann.A Wolf Nealley, B. Frank Parker, A. E Wimpfheimer & Co Bl.ike,W. Emerson, E. W. Fall, H. 1". W & A Co A Co Peavcy Sanitine Remedy Co.. Tufts, Charles A Doors, Sash. Blinds, Frost, E. Home, H etc. S. P. J. H. 28 63 63 JohnC 53 Meserve, Nutter, 17 44 76 63 83 65 64 45 46 46 78 73 24 & Co Plenry. Joseph Grant, L. E Ham, P. C Provenchcr, Z. Preston, J. Roberts . Drucreists. P & Co A Co Mansion House Sayward, Geo. Strafford House Wilson House W 61 21 44 48 53 66 64 80 78 Hardware. Geo.W Foot A Snell Fernald, J, E Seavey, J. Herbert Tibbets. E. A. A Son. Wallace, F. E. A Co A 74 25 81 17 W 60 Laundries and Dye Houses. The (Dan Guilfoyle) Dover Steam Laundry and Dye House Rochester Steam Laundry City Laundry. Lumber and Box lUannfaeturers. Converge A Hammond Home, Jesse R W Jenness, C. Waldron, A. F. A H. C •iS Son ,v 19 I'aiis . 47 64 79 81 M.A.Mrs .Mrs ,V. Jj. York, E. A 11. Mrs Co. Man u fact n rers. Dover Trunk l.'actorv i-. .! M.rliM... Works Dover K . Flandii Holt ,\ ,1 III lli'l-nr Foye, -; Machine Co ii.a.ir) A A B. I. Sons (tanners).. Collins, 79 65 S3 26 68 20 35 Marble and Granite. 29 27 77 Langmaid.., Thomas A Sou Pliotostraphers. LA Drew, A, 30 34. 61 29'. .\lilU Stovuns isand paper).. H S. Etter, uhI I. I U,...i<.h A . .. .11 II ai.ieliiuist) iliricks) \^ - ... :iiiilsolepattems) ' . n t,iiii-i-i ... 1. n.. .1 I ^.1 .\ 'A (. George Pride, - ',-. \1. 62 33 P B Amasa Shackford, 51 W 78- Pnints, Oils, etc. A Co Folsom, J. B. Tibbets, E. A. A 17 Son Steam and Gas W Bailey, Geo. Harriir.an, James 45 Fitters. W., A Morrison Perkins, Walter T Holt 74 53 65 30 Sewing Machines, Pianos and Orstans. Lothrop, D. White, H. L A Co 39 16 Stoves and Furnaces. Baty, John Bailey, Chas. Bailey, Geo. 23 M 6'i W 74 67 G Cooper, Leroy John T 2.'{ Hodsdon, Daniel 46 W. F 81 Tailors and Clothiers. Carlton A Bennett. Dover Clothing Co 1 74 15 Duffill,Tho.s. P 44 Jeneau, A. B. McClellan. C A Co 50 20 22 Taff, W Edw. H Rines, Walter 17 Undertakers and Embalmers. 32 27 Parker, G. Pattee, S. E 77 3, c l;..i...M 61 Livery and Sale Stables* Canney, H. E Jenness A Harvev Locke. J. Wesley h.r) 36 76 62 47 .V Mi.al.. Hill, 24 35 85 63 28 F !• '. Thayer, 61 H. ' 81 19 Son J. Butterfleld. G. M 1. a3 26 86 48 24 65 >.h)rc... 'llTiv... I : :' 45 Crawford, Tolles A Co Crowell A McKellar Parshley, A. S Wendell, D. H Beacham, iiacturer) : . . 76. I'.nvlnti.ct) r \v, • ' Williams, 66 64 Dodge's Hotel... Excelsior Dining Rooms (A. E. Ashby) Great Falls Hotel Granite State Hotel Grant's Hotel Bailey, Dorr Edgerlv, U. T u 66 Millinery and Fancy Goods. Rvr.ir' Sawyvi Wiggin Hotels and Restaurants. 82 Burnham. S. H 49 Cascade House W. A Elliott, Peaslee, J. 61 . i i '[,\:v.\,-t< A, 11. Ri" li. Soul., 28 84 17 ..i iii|.| i: 18^ fiO 47 o. Igrist-mill) Stringer, S. (mineral waters) Tasker, W. H. (u|>holstery) 51 Harness Manufacturers and Dealers. Hill, Roberts, Harriiii 28 48 82 65 64 54 24 79 Hartford, Confectionery Eamsdrik 18 M II II • 27 ]9 i-'i . Rackl..vv Vaii. 64 Roberts. J. Frank Roy. N. 31 64 Pitman, c .\ f 28. 24 J 80 Farmiuijlon Xews).. . i 22 80 .'.... S,,,, i 45 50 H A Co 16 H Tibbitts, J. P Wonhen, H. A 31 19 31 Wolcott Pearl, Frank Pierce, D. C. 82 36 Randlett, J. 44 26 54 48 J.- W Marin, O Mellen, Chas. Nute 76 V on 23 W. C Morrill, J. G. Co ai Merrow, J. Morgan, Thomas 26 82 Co 4li Knox. Orrin Le Gro, JohnS 61 Clark A Aldrich Jones, G. A. & Co Morrill. E., Furniture Co Drew. Richard A & Hus.^ey. F. A. ihiik.ri Morton, C. 11. ii k l.m.;i Horne,G. W. .V c, ,l„„i,. .. Kansas City Iti\. im. 51 M Mclntire, John. Carpet and Furniture Dealers. A 27 C S. 48 Mooney,F.E Sanborn, A. 81 49 49 Hanson, H. Hanson, N. E Hayes A Hodgdon Henderson. C. T James A Sons I.eavitt, Coal and Wood. Gandette, A.. Hayes, David Mathes, Valentine Pattee, H, E Gorman, P Killoren. A. B Rooney &Burnham 80 20 75 80 Guilmet, Peter Hurd A Grant Home, 51 & E. feed) Downing, E. E. (baker) Dover Navigation Co Lewis,Edwin 37 McDaniel.V. 23 McUuffee.J AT. A Co Downing 111 Brewster, H. L. (electrician) Chick, Anson (picture fra ing) City Employment Bureau Chesley, F. L. (hatter) Fernald, J. E. 79 50 49 47 el Beacham, C. S. A Son illcuir and Boston Five and Ten Cent Store Bennett, M. P. (junki 21 O.L Cllurliuck, Chicoinc. M. mill Stationery. Shaw. Walton R Winslow.J. H Carter. A. E. Blake, Chas. F chtirbuck, O. Howard Farwell, Frank Fernald, J.E Martin, John Page, W. P A Bickford.J Dearborn, H. E Edgerly, D. E.. Boot and Shoe Dealers. Trickey, C. H. Groceries and Provisions. Co Barker, John H. A Belleville & Daigle 60 33 34 W Monlton. h. 22 18 79 66 Willson. E,T.. Ncal, W. B 77 Worcester* Greenfield Cnockery. Spurliii, 81 53 79 Wallace, Elliott & Co Wallace, E. G. & E....; Wentworih, Geo. B. & Co Woodbury Brothers Smith, C. anil Morrill. as 25 43 75 75 siioe heels) OlaSH W. A Thomas f.O 62 47 Son Ware -13 Boot ami Shoe MnniifaclurerH. '. A Smith Mi Fish and Oysters. C Phillips, N. 27 29 67 A Faunce, A. D. (ilidden, Son John A Spencer. A. B Sanlxjrn, A. V Tibhltts,J. P Ward, A. N 16 54 64,- 77 30- Watches and Jewelry. Bacon, Chas. Folsom, E. E W Hodsdon, Chas. E... Humphrey, J. 54 83 74 45 33 W M Lane, Geo. Tibbets. R. Frank Tilton A Richards Safford, J. F 26 45 36 68 77 63 67 7r-> ������ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Books, Booklets, Ledgers, & Diaries Digital File Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1890 Edition The Leading Business Men Of Dover, Rochester, Farmington, Great Falls, And Berwick (Illustrated) Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Great Falls And Its Leading Business Men Description An account of the resource 1890 Illustrated Edition of The Leading Business Men Of Dover, Rochester, Farmington, Great Falls, and Berwick. This is a digital file and does not exist in the physical collection. RKL-FHS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Boston Mercantile Publishing Company, No. 258 Purchase Street Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1890 book buildings business Farmington NH illustration information people records Strafford County https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/10ea56742b513e4149be8ace19428ba7.jpg?Expires=1784764800&Signature=V-hGsvvuMa1VAmw%7E380bHhsyWmZb9B2vy9zOMB8K8yGIWa-ISBjiDPet9LbbWpWDta63eOr7s7dnpEmiFcvAXUen%7Ec0FWEn9ZUp2w-E-yKegWLaq5h9mES8NqxaXEH3FL61Kl%7E3It8RrAg5sv3YlzjQeUHbHRKMAxHJOvOh9Rn6onhnuEvvALaAJhWRwhrVRXKWM2zj4jznERb2XmDYN7YQ0oZYTWd9kQ%7Ey0%7EWy1-efuDvczY91CyR%7EChCi3anLlo1omjsPzgFfNaVLLRfdW%7EvzjviFYlvqIu%7Eahl-rOF6VtN3VvlBnkeIGnRmv9Uolm25bzbuVe-D2AhE0ETVQ1dA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 6dadf88666ed807574c6b20e7f4bb730 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/20e17aa6a4502797887d73b11c6b6b4e.pdf?Expires=1784764800&Signature=omUJ4u9F1vXX96DJ5brDLK2GSHfubJbKfvNrLp7Bqf9H6P0-n9DbRzmAQWGQYEF3SrgrqD-XawqJZ00EMteOAM2cRRdMs5QOJm0Tj8g9ObnTaZjZUO-VMogp4BZVsda85DvT2aD5%7Eb1DqcYQQnr9gzeTNPx4-HNofwSTq3-7FyOVEQjaGqzkB7MylZTFS5UbSEZUbatvKX8prWq-QiRuZwIzGtOWDbUyZ2zkvkf7mLZnRs7RcZjmIGMTgnCQhG60oWeLYjTZ5NTJdVMhfvuFwMiEwNQoJnIlnYOaG1OtSId1z1hKrmPbO9SqhDrtbtWbjIt6yB0VmPTpjrYk3QYsSQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 78207f71c07c19343536a8549c9629d1 PDF Text Text LIBRARIES NYPL RESEARCH 3 3 3433 08178175 ��^] \ ' \ %»A ����7 " y �May 1913 �GAZETTEER STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. THREE PARTS IN CONTAININOf 1. A comprehensive Geogi-aphical and J Statistical view of the whole State, con- veniently disposed under separate heads. description of each county, town, 2. or location in the State ; also of its lakes, rivers, ponds, and mountains, with many other subjects of topographical dstail, alphabetically arranged. A , Topographical and Statiitical tables arranged ; shewing the course and distance on a direct line from Portsmouth, Concord, Boston, and Port* land. Also, the number of miles by the roads as commonly travelled.—Number of cattle, horses, kc. 3. 1 alphabetically J < ? < < i COMPILED FROM THE BEST AT7TE0BTTIES, BT ^.LIPHALET MERRILL AND THE LATE EXETER PRINTED BY C. NORRIS FttrNEl^A;^ PiERBILL, Esd : & CO. FOR THE ia-17. AUTHORS, �New-Hampshire District, ss. BE IT REMEMBERED, that on this thirteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and fifteen, and in the fortieth year of the IndepeKdcnee of the Unitefl States of America, ELIPH ALET MERRILL, of the said District, hath deposited in this Oflice, the title of a book, the right whereof he claims as proprietor, in the words following, to wit: State of New-Hampshire, in three parts : containing, Geographical and Statistical view of the \\hole State, conveniently dis- " A Gazetter of the " 1. A comprehensive posed under separate heads. " 2. A description of each cotmty, town, or location in the State ; also of its lakes, rivers, ponds, and mountains, with many other subjects of topographical detail, alphabetically arranged. " 3. Topographical and Statistical tables alphabetically arranged shewing the cotirse and distance on a direct line from Portsmouth, Concord, Boston, and Portland. Also, the number of miles by the roads as commonly travelled.— Number of cattle, horses, &c. Compiled from the best authorities by Eliphalet Merrill and the late Phinehas Merrill, Esq." In confon*ity to the act of the Congress of the United States, entitled, "An Act for the encouragement of learning by securing the copies of Maps, Charts, and Books to the authors and proprietors thereof during the times therein mentioned ; and also to an Act, entiSed, " An Act, supplementary to an Act, entitled, An Act, for the encouragement of learning, by securing the Copies of Maps, Charts, and Books to the authors and proprietors of such cepies during the times therein mentioned ; and extending the benefits thereof to the Arts of Designing, Eugraring and EtcUing historical and other prints." W. PRESCOTT, Clerk of District Court I', S., N. H. District. A true copy. Attwt, W. PRESCOTT, Clerk. ; GEORGE GBORGE f NEV IJPUSLIC Lt^RAHV -, S Astor, Urcx wiij TWen ^ FwH<latioo$. ^ 1890 �PREFACE. WHEN any town mentioned such questions as the following who are unacquainted with it. Where is it situated ? What towns lie contiguous to it ? What is its distance from some capital or emporium, &c. ? Morses Ga25etteer mentions the most of our towns, but the description rarely includes any thing more than the county in which it is situated, or at most its distance from some neighbouring town. The map of NewHampshire will completely answer many of these questions, but these maps are not numerous and are very unfit for transportation. is perpetually recur to those Indeed, a large proportion of our citizens feel themselves unable means of information, but would gladly pay the price of a condensed Gazetteer. Such an one is now offered them in the smallest space, it is thought, that can comprise the necessary matterto obtain either of these The method adopted instance to collect •authentic matethe best information in every township in the state. In these letters were enumerated the nature of the information desired. The attention which these letters generally received deserves our warmest thanks. rials was The in this to address letters to men of sources from whence we derived our historical informa- &c. have been very numerous and are the most authentic which now exist; such as Winthrop, Morton, Mather, Prince, Hutchinson, Morse, and ^rish ; but particularly Belknap. Nor must we while noticing authors and the liberal aid and patronage of individuals, omit to acknowledge that of the state. tion of the first settlement of the state, Indian wars, Since the decease of my beloved brother, who was associated as co-partner in this work, there has been an unaroidable delay of but by the assistance of several literary gentlemen, respectfully submitted to a candid public. ita publication, it is now ELIPHALET MERRILL. Northrvood, Juney 1817. ��A GENERAL VIEW, GEOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL OF THE STATE OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE, ARRANGED UNDER THE FOLLOWING HEADS. AKD ExTENT. BOUNDARIES AND DIVISIONS. AlH, ClIMATE, AND SeAS0N3. Face of the Country, Mountains. Rivers, and other Waters. Canals and Turnpikes. Monuments, ^nd other Relics of Indians. Forest Trees and Vegetable Phoductions. Soil and Awriculture. Domestic and Wild AniGovernment, Caverns, Fossils, and Minerals. mals. Birds and Fishes. Military Strength. Fortifications. Religion. Constitution, and Laws. Mai^ners and Customs. Literary, and Scientific Institutions. Colleges, Banks, Insurance Companies. PROORESstVE Population. Manufactories. Commerce, Societies, and State Prison. "SlTtTATION SITUATION, BOUNDARIES, DIVISIONS, &c. ^ HE State of New-Hampshire lies between 42" 41' and 45° of north latitude and between 70° 40' and 72° 28' of longitude west from the royal observatory of Greenwich. Its length from the northern to southern extremity is one hundred and sixty Its greatest breadth measured from the entrance eight miles. of Piscataqua harbour, to the mouth of west River, which falls into Connecticut river, opposite the town of Chesterfield is nine11' ty miles. It is bounded on the south by the state of Massachusetts, from which it is divided by a line, beginning on the sea shore, at a point three miles northward of the mouth of the river Merrimack pursuing a course corresponding to the curvature ; of that river, at the same distance and ending at a point 3 miles north from Pautuck Falls in the town of Dracut. From this point, the line extends on in a western direction, until it crosses Connecticut river and ends on its western bank, the distance being fifty miles. The line called the due west line, was measured and marked He was ordered by Gov. Belcher 1741, by Richard Hazen. to allow ten degrees for the westerly variation of the needle. This doctrine of the variation was even less imperfectly known at that time than it now is. It is supposed that the variation at that time, and in that place, was not more than eight degrees. �6 GENEBAL VIEW. In 1773 each end of the line was accurately examined, by observations, made by Thomas Wright, one of Capt. Holland's company of surveyors ; when the western extremity was found to decline from the eastern, two minutes and fiftyseven seconds of latitude. This was computed to make a difference of 59,870 acres of land, which would have been gained by New-Hampshire, if the line had been run with correctness. From the point where this line strikes Connecticut river, up to the forty-fifth degree of latitude, the western bank of that river is the western boundary of New- Hampshire, and eastern boundary of Vermont. celestial On its eastern side, New-Hampshire is bounded by the Atfrom the first mentioned point, 3 miles northward lantic ocean, of the mouth of Merrimack river, along the shore to the middle of the main entrance of Plscataqua harbour which distance is computed to he about 18 miles. Thence the boundary line runs Up the middle of the river, to its most northerly head, which is a pond situated partly in the town of Wakefield and partly in Shapley, in the county of York. The distance of this pond from the mouth of the harbour is 35 miles N., 20° W. From the head of this pond, according to the royal determination, in 1740, the dividing line was run N. 2° W. until 120 miles were finished from Piscataqua harbour, or until it met with other territories belonging to his majesty. The reason of mentioning this specific distance, in the decree, was, that 120 miles was thf; extent of the province of INIaine. At that time no oth; er government subject to the British crown lay in that direc- In 1763, the new province of Quebec was erected; and its southern boundary was a line passing along the high lands, which divide the rivers, that empty themselves into the river By the treaSt. Lawrence, from those which fall into the sea. ty of peace, between America and Britain, in 1783, all the lands southward of that line, reckoning it from the eastward to the northwest head of Connecticut river, and thence parallel to the middle of said river, to the forty-fifth degree of north latitude, tion. were ceded The Quebec. United States. bounded on the north by the British province of to the state is The northern extremity of this marked N. E. New-Hampshire, 1789. line, is a birch tree, extends along the high lands, seventeen miles and 207 rods, to the head of the exat which northwestern branch of Connecticut river Thence the tremity is a Fir tree, inscribed N.H. N.W. 1789. boundary descends to the forty-fifth degree of latitude, by the It contains middle of the northwestern branch of the river. 9,491 square miles or 6,074,240 acres, of which at least 100,000 acres are covered with water. This line ; �GENERAL VIEW. The state is , 7 divided into six counties, viz. Rockingham, and Coos, which see Strafford, Hillsborough, Cheshire, Grafton, their respective names. Air^ Climate^ Seasons. The air of New-Hampshire is generally pure and salubrious;northwest,west and southwest winds are the most prevalent, east winds prevail along the sea coast, in the spring, which are extremely piercing and disagreeable, but not under y — unwholesome. The weather is less variable than in the middle and especially the southern states, and more so than in Canada. The extremes of cold and heat, according to 'Fahrenheit's Thermometer, is from 20° below to 100 above 0. The medium is from 48° to 50°. The winter commonly commences in its severity about the middle of December. Cattle are sheltered from about the 20th November to the 1st of May. There has been frosts in every month in the year, though not in the same season and not in a very injurious degree. Instances of sudden changes in the weather are noticed in the ; earliest accounts of the country. In 1658, when the apple trees were in blossom,there came on such a sudden and severe cold,that in a fishing boat belonging to Hampton, one man died before it could reach the shore, another was so chilled that he died in a few days, and a third lost his feet. This instance is remark- The common time for the apple trees to blossom, is about the third week in May, but they blossom earlier or later according to the degrees of heat. On the 11th day of May^ 1769, and again on May 8, ISOt, when the trees were in blossom an unusual flight of snow covered them, and continued two days, so as to produce sleighing. In a very warm autumn the earliest apple trees have produced blossoms ; and roses have bloomed in the month of October ; but these appearances are rare. In the spring, the trees which have been cut down the preceding year, are burned in the new plantations. If the season be dry, the flames have spread in the woods, and a large extent of forest has been on fire at once. From these numerous fires, arise immense clouds of smoke, mingled with burnt leaves of the trees, which are carried to a great^ distance by the wind. These clouds meeting with other vapours in the atmosphere, sometimes produce very singular appearances. The darkness of 19th May, 1780, was probably caused by such a combination of vapours. Fires had spread very extensively in the woods, and westerly winds had driven the smoke over the country. It was so thick for several preceding days near the horizon, that the sun disappeared an hour before its sitting, and in the low grounds it was almost sulTocating. The morning of the 19th of May was cloudy, with some able. �GENERAL 8 \'IEW. and a black cloud appeared in the southwest, from which The rain water and the surface of rivwas heard thunder. ers, was covered with a sooty scum. The remains of a snow drift, which had been clean the preceding day became black, several small birds flew into the houses, and others were found About two hours before noon dead abroad from suffocation. the clouds assumed a brassy appearance after which their colour became a dusky grey and at an hour after noon, it was necrain ; ; ; essary to light candles. At the greatest obscurity the smoke of a chimney was observed to rise perpendicular, and then decline to the west. thick fog which came in from the sea, moved along the hill tops in the same direction. The extent of this darkness was more than two hundred miles from north to south. To the westward, it extended beyond Albany, and it was observed by a vessel at sea, fifteen leagues eastward of Cape Anne. The darkness varied its appearance in some places through the afternoon ; but in the maritime towns of New-Hampshire, there was no variation of it ; and the evening presented a complete specimen of as total darkness as can be conceived. Before midnight the vapours disappeared, and the next morning there was no appearance of them. The Aurora-borealis was first noticed in New-Hampshire, December 11th, 1719. The aged people say it is not so common now as formerly. It sometimes appears in the form of a luminous arch extending from east to west, but more commonly rises from a dark convexity in the north, and flashes upwards In a calm night, and in the intervals betowards the zenith. tween gentle flaws of wind, an attentive ear, in a retired situaThis tion, may perceive it to be accompanied with a sound. luminous appearance has been observed in all seasons of the year ; in extreme heat and cold and all intermediate degrees. The colour of the streams is sometimes variegated with white, blue, yellow, and red, the lustre of which reflected from the snow, is an appearance highly beautiful and interesting. A — Face of the Country^ Sea-Coast, £sf Mountains. The whole exfrom its southern boundary, to the mouth tent of the sea coast, of Piscataqua harbour, is about 1 8 miles. The shore is generally a sandy beach, within which are salt marshes, intersected by creeks. There are several coves convenient for fishing vessels ; but the only harbour for ships is the entrance of the Piscataqua, where the shore is rocky. Some ledges and points of rocks are situated to the southward of the harbour of Rye ; but Two bluffs on* there is no remarkable head land on the coast. �GENERAL VIEW. 9 above the level of the sea, which are called Boars heads these are in the town of Hampton. For twenty or thirty miles from the sea, the country is either level, or variegated by little hills and vallies. Then commence the first range of mountains continued through the.towns of Milton, The Farmington, Barrington, Nottingham, and Nl&rthwood. several summits are distinguished by different names, as Teniy appear elevated great and little ; Beyond these are several deeriff, Saddle-back, Tuckaway, &c. tached mountains of considerable elevation. Moose mountain in Major in Alton, Gunstock, Gilmanton Brookfield, Mont Farther back the mountains rise higher, and mountains, &c. among the third range, Chocorcea, Osslpee, and Kearsarge claim Beyond these is the lofty ridge which is the pre-eminence. .commonly called the height of land. In this ridge is the grand Monadnock,(see Jaffrey,) Sunapee, and Moosehillock (see FishThis ridge is continued northwesterly, ersfield and Coventry.) dividing the waters of the river Connecticut, from those of Saco and Amariscoggin. Here the mountains rise much higher, and the most elevated summits whicH see. in this range, are the White moun- tains, — ^ Nature has formed such relaother xvaters, between mountains and rivers, that in describing the one, we are unavoidably led to speak of the other. Rivers^ tions New-Hampshire is so situated, that five of the largest rivers New-England, either take their rise within its limits, or reThese are the ceive much of their waters from its mountains. in Connecticut, Amariscoggin, Saco, Merrimack, and Piscataqua. For a more particular description of these rivers and other waters, see their respective names. — Canals £?* Turnpikes. The Pemigewasset Canal Company, incorporated June 20, 1804, for the purpose of cutting a canal by Webster's falls in said river, near the house of Ebenezer Contoocook Canal Company, incorporated DecemEastman. ber 13, 1804, for the purpose of cutting a canal by the falls in Concord, and also where said river empties into the Merrimack. The Piscataquog Canal CompaHy,for cutting a canal from Gale's mills, in the town of Weare, to Parker's landing in Bedford, incorpoi'ated June 18, 1806. The White River Falls Company, incorporated June 12, 1807, for the purpose of cutting canals and locking the falls on Connecticut river, and making it navigable for lumber and boats, from the head of White river fails, between Lebanon and Hartford, at the upper bar, to the foot of the falls at the lower bar. The great Ossipee Canal Company, 2 �10 GENERAli VIEW. ^ incorporated June 19, 1807, for cutting, slipping, and canalling Ossipee river and falls, from Ossipee pond to the province line. Bow Canal Company, incorporated June 11, 1808 ; for the purpose of cutting and opening a canal in Merrimack river, and Turkey river falls, in the town of Bow. The Union Locks and Canal. This company is empowered to clear the Merrimack river from Reed's ferry to Amoskeag falls, and to constitute and maintain such locks and dams as shall be necessary for rendering the same navigable for boats. The Merrimack Boating Company, incorporated June, 1812. Winnipiseogee River Canal Company, incorporated June, 1812. Hillsborough and Strafford Company, incorporated December For various others, see rivers, &c. 16, 1812. . — The New-Hampshire turnpike road extends in Durham, to Merrimack river, in Concord. Its course is westerly through Durham, Lee, a corner of Barrington, Nottingham, Northwood, Epsom, Chichester, and Was incorporated June, 1796. The second thence to Concord. turnpike road in N. H. extends from the lottery hj-idge in Claremont, to the plain in Amherst. Incorporated December 26, Turnpikes. from Piscataqua bridge — Its course is southerly, from Claremont, through Unity, 1799. Lempster, Washington, north corner of Windsor, southwest corner of Hillsborough, northeast corner of Antrim, part of Francestown, southwest corner of New- Boston, Dcering, through Mount-Vernon to Amherst, a distance of nearly fifty miles. The third turnpike road extends from Bellows' falls in Walpole, on Connecticut river, through a part of Westmoreland and Surry, thence through Keene, Marlborough, Jaffrey, NewIpswich, and a corner of Mason, to the south line of the state, near Ashby in Massachusetts, a distance of 45 miles. Incorporated December 27, 1799. The fourth turnpike road in N. H. extends from the east bank of Connecticut river in the town of Lebanon, nearly opIts course is southeast posite the mouth of White river. through Lebanon, Enfield, a corner of Grafton, Springfield, Wilmot, Andover, and New-Salisbury, to Merrimack river in Boscawen, about 40 miles. Incorporated December, 1800. Branch Road and Bridge Company, incorporated June 16, 1802, This road extends from the south line of the town of Fitzwilliam to the village in Keene about 14 miles. Its course is northwest, and through Marlborough. The 5th N.H. turnpike road not yet commenced. The 6th N. H. Turnpike and Bridge Company was incorporated June 16, 1802. The bridge is over Connecticut river, between the towns of Hinsdale and Brattleborough. ; • �GENERAL \1KW. i I extends from said bridge through Hinsdale and WinDover turnchester to the line of Massachusetts at Warwick. pike road extending from Dover landing, near the bridge, through Somersworth to Salmon-fall river. The compan)^ was incorporated December 21, 1803. The Coos turnpike road leading from Haverhill to Warren ; about 12 miles southeast course was incorporated December The road — 29,1803. Orford turnpike road was incorporated December 27, 1803, and leads from Orford bridge, to Aiken's bridge in Wentworth. The 10th turnpike road in N. H. extends from the upper line in Bartlett, through the notch in the White hills about 20 miles and was incorporated December 28, 1803. ; The Charleston turnpike, incorporated December 27", 1803, and extends from the easterly bank of Connecticut river, through the central part of Charleston and Ackworth to the second N.H. turnpike in Lempster about 12 miles. The Mahew turnpike, incorporated December 29, 1803, and extends from a Mr. Burleigh's in New-Chester, to the east side of New-found pond, thence through Plymouth and Rumney to the Coos turnpike a distance of about 46 miles. extending Chester turnpike, incorporated June 12, 1804 about fourteen miles a southeast course from Pembroke, through Allenstown and Candia to Chester street. The Londonderry turnpike, incorporated June, 1804, extends from Butter's corner in Concord, to the state line near Andover bridge, Massachusetts. Its course from Concord is about southeast, through Bow to Isle-Hookset bridge, thence through Chester, Londonderry, the easterly corner of Windham and Salem to the state line, a distance of about 35 miles. Grafton turnpike road extending from near Orford bridge over Connecticut river through Lime, the northeast corner of Hanover, Canaan, the westerly part of Orange, Grafton, Danbury, New-Chester and unites with the 4th N. H. turnpike ; ; ; ; in New- Andover erly, northwest corner. Its course is south* and distance about 35 miles, and was incorporated June in its 21, 1804. The Jefferson turnpike, incorporated December 11th, 1804, extending from the extremity of the 10th N. H. turnpike, through Bretton woods, Jefferson, and Lancaster to the meeting house, in a northerly direction about 18 miles. The Croydon turnpike, incorporated June 21, 1804 ; and extends from or near the branch turnpike, where it intersects the 4th turnpike in Lebanon, thence through or between Plainfield and Enfield, New- Grantham, Croydon, New-Port, and Lempster, until it strikes the 2d turnpike in Washington. Length about 35 miles. �12 GENERAL VIEW. . Cheshire turnpike, incorporated December 13, 1804, and extends from Connecticut river to Charleston meeting-house, in a southerly course through Langdon, a part of Walpole, AlDisstead, and Surry to the third N. H. turnpike in Keene. tance 20 miles. Ashuelot turnpike, incorporated June 18,1 807, and leads from the turnpike in Winchester through Richmond to Fitzwilliam village in an easterly course about fifteen miles. Ringe turnpike, incorporated June 12, 1807, and extends from the state line in the southwest corner of New-Ipswich to the Branch turnpike leading from Keene to Boston. The Cornish turnpike, incorporated December 9, 1808, extends from Cornish bridge and intersects the Croydon turnpike at Newport, distant 11 miles. The Fitzwilliam Village turnpike, incorporated December 9, The 1809, and extends from Fitzwilliam to the state line. large above named turnpike roads are generally completed. number more are incorporated, and some of them Avill soon be A passable. Within the last twenty years, the roads in this state have much improved, so that communication between the Much however remains distant parts of it is much facilitated. been be done, especially in the northern part of the state. Several canals are in contemplation and will undoubtedly One for uniting the wabe completed in a few years. ters of the Connecticut with the Merrimack through Suncompany is incorporated for apee lake— (see Sunapee lake.) cutting a canal from Winnipiseogee lake to Cocheco river at Dover ; this rout has been surveyed and marked. Another for to A opening a communication from Winnipiseogee lake to MerriFrom the best information I can obtain, we have river. now open for travel 300 miles of turnpike road, and 300 more will soon be opened. mack — £if Relics of Indians. In describing any country, natural to make some inquiry concerning the vestiges of It is well known, that the original naits ancient inhabitants. tives of this part of the country were not ambitious of perpetuating their memory by durable monuments. Their invention was chiefly employed, either in providing for their subsistence, by hunting, fishing, and planting, or guarding against and surprisTheir houses and canoes were constructed ing their enemies. Their mode of travelling was to t^ke of perishable materials. all possible advantage of water carriage, and to shorten distances, by transporting their birch canoes, which were convenient Their manner of for the purpose, across the necks of land. Monuments^ it is �GENERAL VIEW. taking fish was lli by entangling them in wears or in scoop them with spears. They took quadrupeds in either nets, or striking traps or pitfalls, or shot them, as well as birds, with arrows. For the construction of their canoes and houses they used hatchIn cooking their meat they eiets, chisels, and gouges of stone. on coals or on a wooden grate, or roasted it on it in kettles of stone. Their com was pounded in mortars of wood, with pestles of stone. Their bread was baked on flat stones set before the fire, or in green leaves Clam shells served them for spoons, and laid under hot ashes. their fingers for knives and forks. They had no sharper instruOf ments than could be formed of stones, shells, or bones. these, the two last are of a perishable nature but of the first, relics are often found in the places of their former residence, generally in the neighbourhood of waterfalls and other convenient fishing places. There is in the possession of a gentleman of this state, a piece of bone, on which is engraven the bust of a man, apparently in the agonies of death. The countenance is savage, and the work well executed. The bone with the figure on it was found on the shore of Little-bay ,in the riverPiscataqua. The cellars in whichthey preserved their corn, are discovered in the new settlements, and their graves are frequently seen. Most of the skeletons appear to be in a sitting posture, and some remains of the instruments, which were supposed necessary to their subsistence, ornament, or defence, in the " country of souls," are found with them, particularly the stone-pipe for smoking tobacco, of v/hich there are several varieties. ther broiled a forked it stick, or boiled ; In a piece of interval land near Ossipee pond, is a mound of earth overgrown with pine, in which, at the depth of two feet, several skeletons have been discovered, buried with the face downwards. At Exeter, about 23 years ago, the remains of an infant skeleton were dug up. It was in a perpendicular posture, and had been enclosed in a hollow log. Some strings of wampum were found near it, and several spoons, apparently of European manufacture. Ferest trees £sf Vegetable productions, —The botany of this would furnish an extensive subject if treated scientifically, and with the minuteness due to its importance. It would of itstate, ; volume. After attending to the following dethe great variety of our vegetable productions may be eas- self deserve a tails, ily imagined. The grow to a degree of luxuriance, and abundance and variety. The common forest trees are elm, sassafras, wild cherry ,bass wood, locust, and birch, of which we have four species ; of the oak four, walnut three, one of native forest trees in profuse �M GENERAL VIEW. which, called oil nvit or butter nut, the extract of the bark of which, is a most excellent cathartic. It neither produces gripings nor leaves the patient costive, and may be made efficacious without hazard,by increasing the quantity administered. Its operation is easy andsafe,even to the most delicate constitution. It is a most excellent family medicine, and well calculated for hospitals, navies, and armies. Of the beech and pine there are three species of the former and seven of the latter hemlock, spruce, fir, chestnut, hornbeam, button-wood, red and white cedar, poplar, and red, white, and black, or rock maple, which last has obtained the nanie of sugar maple, and a variety of other trees not named, are also common in our forests. It isnot our intention to treat systematically of the natural history of the state, or describe with botanical accuracy, the indigenous vegetables, which it contains but briefly to notice such as are endowed with remarkable qualities, either salutary or noxious. Those that are salutary, are the grape, black and red currant, wild gooseberry, cranberry, common and superb raspberry, brambleberrj-, running and upright blackberry, strawberry, and bayberry. The ginseng, so much esteemed by the Chinese, is found in great plenty in the western part of the state, and the It was forfurther north it is found, the better is its quality. merly thought that the ginseng grew only in China and Tartary ; but it was discovered in America about 1750, and some specimens of it sent to England, and from thence to China, and was, on trial, acknowledged, by the Chinese themselves, to be the same with the oi'iental ginseng. The prickly ash is a shrub, the bark of which, is esteemed an excellent remedy for chronic rheumatism. The garget or American night shade, root, leaves, and berry is used in various diseases common to the human frame, and the root is in high repute among farmers for the use of catde. There are two species of elder, black and red, snakeroot, maidenhair, sarsaparilla ; three species of cobelia, one of which is a powerful emetic. The buck bean grows near the Monadnock, and the skunk cabbage, which is very efficacious in asthmatic complaints, grows in many parts of the state. It may be proper to close this account of indigenous vegetables with the names of those plants, which, under certain circumstances prove poisonous some of which however have been brought into medicinal use, and are valued for the cure of disorders attended with spasmodic affections. Of this latter class are the hemlock, thorn apple, henbane, and night-shade. Others are poisonous, such as the ivy,commonly called mercury, swamp sumach, water-elder, herb Christopher, stinking snake weed, and white helebore or poke. : ; ; ; �GENERAL VIEW. 15 — There is a great variety of soil in NewSoil &? Agriculture. The interval lands on the large rivers, are con- Hampshire. sidered the most valuable, because they are overflowed and enriched by the waters from the uplands, which bring down a fat These lands proslime or sediment of the consistency of soap. duce every kind of grain in great perfection ; but are not so good for pastures as the uplands. The wide spreading hills of a moderate elevation and of a rocky, moist, warm, rich soil are most esteemed for pastures. Drained swamps have a deep mellow and the vallies between hills are generally very productive. In the new and uncultivated parts of the state, the soil is disthus, white oak tinguished by its various kinds of trees land is hard and stony, the under growth consisting of br..kes ^nd fern it will not produce grass till it has been ploughed and hoed, but is good for indian corn white and pitch pine lands Spruce and hemlock in the eastern part of are dry and sandy. soil, ; ; : the state denote a thin, cold soil when mixed with birch, it is ; but in the western parts, a moist soil, good for grass. When the white pine and oil nut are found on the same land, it is commonly a deep moist loam, and considered very advantageous for cultivation, as it bears grass, corn, and other grain without ploughing. The mode of clearing and cultivating new lands, has been much improved within the last forty or fifty years. Sixty years ago was thought impossible to raise indian corn without the plough and hoe. The mode of planting it among the burnt logs was practised with great success at Gilmanton, about the year 1 762, and this easy mode of culture soon became universal in the new plantations. In interval lands on Connecticut river, wheat often yields 40 or 50 bushels to the acre but on the uplands 20 is considered a good crop. Indian corn will average more than 40 bushels to the acre. Of all grains winter rye grows best on new lands, and Indian corn and barley on the old. Barley does not flourish in new lands nor is flax cultivated to any advantage, until the land has been under preparation for some years. The same may be said of oats and pease but every kind of esculent roots is much larger in the virgin soil than in any other. The first inhabitants of New-Hampshire came principally from the south-Western counties of England, where cider and perry were made in great quantities. They took much pains to set out apple and pear trees on their plantations, which flourished well and grew to a great size. The first growth is now decayed but a succession has been preserved, and no good husbandman thinks his farm complete without an orchard. it ; ; ; ; �GENERAL VIEW. 16 Agriculture is, and always will be, the chief business of the people of New- Hampshire, if they attend to their true interest. Every tree that is cut down in the forest opens to the sun a new spot of earth, which, with proper cultivation, will produce It is impossible to conceive what food for man and beast. quantities may be produced of beef, pork, mutton, poultry, wheat, rye, indian corn, barley, pulse, butter, and cheese ; artiFlax and hemp may be cles which will always find a market. As the country becomes also cultivated to great advantage. more cleared, pastures increase, and the number of cattle is continually multiplying. — Domestic Animals. This state presents a long catalogue of such domestic animals, as have been found useful in all parts of the woriid, situated in similar latitudes. The first neat cattle imported from Europe into New-Hampshire, were sent by Capt. John Mason and his associates, about 1633, to stock their plants ations and to be employed in drawing lumber. These cattle were of a large breed and a yellow colour, procured from DenAt what time and by whom the horse was first immark. ported does not appear. Sheep and swine were first sent over from England, by Laconia. Sheep have greatly multiplied, and are considered the most profitable stock that can be raised on a farm. The breed has been renewed and much improved by the introduction ofmerinoes from Spain, and other parts of Europe. While therefore the best lambs shall be reserved by the farmer for their select flocks, well fed, sheltered from storms and careOf other fully managed, our breed will continue to improve. domestic animals, we possess all those that are useful, convenThe following computations ient and common to our climate. of neat cattle and horses are founded on the invoice taken in 1812. The neat cattle according to the above information may the horses 32,161, and the. sheep* be computed at 211,534 (The according to the best calculation will amount to 364,892. American statistical writer, the indefatigable Blodget, computes the whole number of neat cattle in the United States in 1809, We have no returns of the 3,660,000 ; horses 1,400,000.) number of swine in this state, but may compute the number of fatted swine killed annually at 35,000, and of oxen killed or driven to market 100,000. ; * With regard to the number of sheep, lettera were directed to the representativesof each town in the state, requesting them to send to us the number of sheep in their respective towns but we have to say in many instances our requests were neglected, but in proportioi\ with the number returned, the above statement ; is correct. �GENERAL VIEW, - — 17 Wild Animals. The wolf first claims notice ; this animal has been very common and noxious in the new settlements. The bear has been bounty of 20 dollars is paid for its head. one of the most troublesome animals of our forests. In the months of August and September, he makes great havoc in the fields There is the wolverine of indian corn in the new settlements. and wild cat, and the other animals common to New-England. The only mammillary biped, which we have is the bat, which forms the connecting link between beasts and birds. A — The birds of New-Hampshire are those common in Birds. the New-England states, for a catalogue of which see Belknap's history of N. H. — Of these our number is but small. The rattleSerpents. is the only one that is poisonous ; its numbers have been The black snake, small great, but are now diminishing. water snake, small brown adder, house adder, (said to be poisonous,) water adder, striped snake, and green snake, are the princisnake pal kinds. Fish. — Of fish we have a numerous list. A bare enumera- The tion of which would be equally useless and uninteresting. cod comes into the Piscataqua in the spring and fall, and is takThe haddock, hake, and en at sea in all months of the year. pollock are taken at sea in the spring and sumnTer, and being Halibut dried are sold under the denomination of scale fish. is the largest fish that is taken for food ; and when full grown it exceeds 500 pounds in weight ; those of 200 pounds are frequently brought to market and sod. See -Portsmouth. Caverns^ Stones^ Fossils^^ Minerals. must be extremely imperfect —This part of our history many parts of our statQ are yet unexplored in these respects, and of those parts that are known the knowledge is mostly confined to its surface and vege;tation. Such things however of this kind as have occurred, shall be noticed under their respective names. Mineralogy is a branch of science, that is but little cultivated. Men of genius and science have not leisure to pursue objects from which immediate advantage cannot be drawn. The disappointments ^hich have attended some expensive attempts, the air of mystery thrown over the subject by some ignorant pretenders andr the facility with which every mineral may be imported, have discouraged inquirers. But from the specimens that have appeared, there can be no doubt of the existence of 3 ; as �ly tiE>iERAL VIEW mineral and fossil treasures, in the search ot generations will find employment. Constitution^* Governments^ Laws. born equally free and independent right originates from the people, stituted for the general good. is ; — Article therefore founded which future I. All men are government of consent, and in- all in II. All men have certain natural, essential and inherent rights— among which are the enjoying and defending life and liberty, acquiring, possessing and protecting property and in a word, of seeking and obtaining happiness. ; III. When men enter into a state of society, they surrender rights to that society, in order to ensure the protection of others ; and without such an equivalent, the surrender is void. ly. Among the natural rights, some are in their very nature unalienable ; because no equivalent can be given or received for up some of them their natural of this kind are the rights of conscience. : Every individual has a natural and unalienable right to worship God according to the dictates of his own conscience and reason and no subject shall be hurt, molested, or restrained, in his person, liberty, or estate, for worshipping God in the manner and season most .igreeable to the dictates of his own "V. ; conscience, or for his religious profession, sentiments, or persuasion ; provided he doth not disturb the public peace, or disturb others in their religious worship. yi. As morality and piety, rightly grounded on evangelical principles, will give the best and greatest security to govern- ment, and will lay, in the hearts of men, the strongest obligadue subjection and as the knowledge of these is most likely to be propagated through a society, by the institution of the public worship of the Deity, and of public instruction in morality and religion; therefore, to promote those important purposes, the people of this state have a right to empower, and d© hereby fully empower the legislature, to authorize, from tions to ; tinie to time, the several religious societies, within ion, at their own expense, public Protestant teachers towns, parishes, bodies corporate or state, to make adequate provisfor the support and maintenance of of piety, religion and morality. Provided not-withstanding s That the several towns, parishes, bodies corporate, or religious societies, shall at all times have the exclusive right of electing their own public teachers, and <of this * The Constitution of New-Hampsliire was approved by the people, and' established by conyention, fifth of September, 1792. The former constitution 'having been approved by Ihe people, was established by Convention 31st Octc.ber, 174?, and took effect on the first Wednesday of June, 1784. �GENERA I- VIEW, 19 conti acting with them for their support andmaintenance. And no person of any one particular religious sect or denomination, shall ever be compelled to pay towards the support of the teacher or teachers of another persuasion, sect or denomination. And every denomination of christians, demeaning themselves quietly, and as good subjects of the state, shall be equally under the protection of the law and no subordination of any one sect or denomination to another shall ever be established by : law. And nothing herein shall be understood to affect any former contracts made for the support of the ministry ; but all such contracts shall remain, and be in the same state as if this conhad not been made. VII. The people of this state have the sole and exclusive right of governing themselves as a free, sovereign and independent state and do, and forever hereafter shall exercise and enjoy every power, jurisdiction and right, pertaining thereto, which is not, or may not hereafter be by them expressly delegated to the United States of America in Congress assembled. VIII. All power residing originally in, and being derived from the people, all the magistrates and officers of government are their substitutes and agents, and at all times accountable to them. IX. No office or place whatsoever in government, shall be hereditary rthe abilities and integrity requisite in all, not being stitution ; — transmissible to posterity or relations. X. Government being instituted for the common benefit, proand security of the whole community, and not for the private interest or emolument of any one man, family, or class of men therefore, whenever the ends of government are perverted, and public liberty manifestly endangered, and all other means of redress are ineffectual, the people may and of right ought to reform the old, or establish a new government. The doctrine of nonresistance against arbitrary power and oppression, is absurd, slavish, and destructive of the good and happiness of mankind. XI. All elections ought to be free, and every inhabitant of the state, having the proper qualifications, has equal right to elect and be elected into office. XII. Every member of the community has a right to be protected by it, in the enjoyment of his life, liberty and property he is therefore bound to contribute his share in the expense of such protection, and to yield his personal service when necessary, or an equivalent. But no part of a man's property shall be taken from him, or applied to public uses, without his own consent, or that of the representative body of the people. Nor are the tection ; ; �20 GENfiHAL VIEW. inhabitants of this state controlable by any other laws than those, to which they, or their representative body, have given their consent. XIII. No person, who is conscientiously scrupulous about the lawfulness of bearing arms, shall be compelled thereto, provided he will pay an equivalent. XIV. Every subject of this state is entitled to a certain remedy, by having recourse to the laws, for all injuries he may receive in his person, property, or character ; to obtain right and justice freely, without being obliged to purchase it ; completely and without any denial ; promptly and without delay, conformably to the laws. XV. No subject shall be held to answer for any crime or offence, until the same is fully and plainly, substantially and formally described to him ; or be compelled to accuse or furnish evidence against himself. And every subject shall have a right to produce all proofs that may be favourable to himself to meet the witnesses against him, face to face ; and to be fully heard in his defence, by himself and counsel. And no subject shall be arrested, imprisoned, despoiled, or deprived of his property, immunities, or privileges put out of the protection of the law, exiled or deprived of his life, liberty, or estate, but by the judgment of his peers, or the law of the land. % XVI. No subject shall be liable to be tried, after an acquittal, for the same crime or offence. Nor shall the legislature make any law that shall subject any person to a capital punishment, (excepting for the government of the army and navy, and the militia in actual service) without trial by jury. XVII. In criminal prosecutions,, the trial of facts, in the vicinity where they happen, is so essential to the security of the life, liberty, and estate of the titizen, that no crima or offence ought to be tried in any other county- than that in which it is committed except in cases of general insurrection in any particular county, when it shall appear to the Judges of the Superior Court, that an impartial trial cannot be had in the county where the offence may be committed, and upon their report, the legislature shall think proper to direct the trial in the nearest county in which an impartial trial can be obtained. XVIII. All penalties ought to be proportioned to the nature of the offence. wise legislature will affix the same punishment to the crimes of theft, forgery and the like, which they do to those of murder and treason ; where the same undistinguishing severity is exerted against all offences, the people are led to forget the real distinction in the crimes themselves, and to commit the most flagrant with as little compunction as they do the lightest offences For the same reason a multitude of sanguin: J Na : �GENERAL VIEW. 21 ary laws is both impolitic and unjust. The true design of all punishments being to reform, not to exterminate mankind. XIX. Every subject hath a right to be secure Irom all unreasonable searches and seizures of his person, his houses, his Therefore, all warrants to papers, and all his possessions. search suspected places, or arrest a person for examination or prosecutions for criminal matters, are contrary to this the cause or foundation of them be not previously supported by oath or affirmation ; and if the order, in a warrant to a civil officer, to make search in suspected places, or to arrest one or more suspected persons, or to seize their property, be not accompanied with a special designation of the persons or objects of search, arrest, or seizure ; and no warrant ought to be issued, but in cases, and with the formalities, prescribed by law. XX. In all controversies concerning property, and in all suits between two or more persons, except in cases in which it has been heretofore otherwise used and practised, the parties have a right to a trial by jury, and this method of procedure shall be held sacred, unless in cases arising on the high seas and such as relate to marinerls' wages, the legislature shall think it necessary hereafter trial, in right, if to alter it. XXI. In order to reap the fullest advantage of the inestimaby jury, great care ought to be taken, that none but qualified persons should be appointed to serve ; and such ought to be fully compensated for their travel, time and attendance. ble privilege of the trial XXII. The LIBERTY OF THE PRESS security of freedom in a state violably preserved. •the : It is essential to ought therefore to be in- XXIII. Retrospective laws are highly injurious, oppressive such laws therefore should be made, either for the decision of civil causes, or the punishment of offences. and unjust. No A XXIV. well regulated militia is the proper, natural and sure defence of a state. XXV. Standing armies are dangerous to liberty, and ought not to be raised, or kept up without the consent of the legislature. XXVI. In all cases and at all times, the military ought to be subordination to, and governed by the civil power. XXVII. No soldier in time of peace, shall be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner and in time of war, such quarters ought not to be made but by the civil magistrate, in a manner ordained by the legislature. XXVIII. No subsidy, charge, tax, impost, or duty, shall be established, fixed, laid, or levied, under any pretext whatsoever, under strict ; �GENERAL VIEW. 2'2 without the consent of the people, or their representatives in the legislature, or authority derived from that body. XXIX. The power of suspending the laws, or the execution of them, ought never to be exercised but by the legislature, or by authority derived therefrom, to be exercised in such particular cases only as the legislature shall expressly provide for. XXX. The freedom of deliberation, speech and debate, in cither house of the legislature, is so essential to the rights of the people, that it cannot be the foundation of any action, complaint, or prosecution, in any other court or place whatsoever. XXXI. The legislature shall assemble for the redress of public grievances, and for making such laws as the public good may require. XXXII. The people have a right in an orderly and peaceaand consult upon the common good, give instructions to their representatives, and to request of the legislative body by way of petition or remonstrance, redress of the wrongs done them, and of the grievances they suffer. XXXIII. No magistrate, or court of law, shall demand excessive bail or sureties, impose excessive fines, or inflict cruel or unusual punishments. XXXIV. No person can in any case be subjected to lawmartial, or to any pains or penalties by virtue of that law, except those employed in the army or navy, and except the militia in actual service, but by authority of the legislature. XXXV. It is essential to the preservation of the rights of every individual, his life, liberty, property, and character, that there be an impartial interpretation of the laws and administraIt is the right of every citizen to be tried by tion of justice. It is judges as impartial as the lot of humanity will admit. therefore not only the best policy, but for the security of the rights of the people, that the judges of the Supreme Judicial Court should hold their offices so long as they behave well ; subject however to such limitations on account of age, as may be provided by the constitution of the state ; and that they should have honourable salaries ascertained and established by standing laws. XXXVI. Economy being a most essential virtue in all no pension shall be granted, states, especially in a young one but in consideration of actual services ; and such pensions ought to be granted with great caution by the legislature, and never for more than one year at a time. XXXVII. In the government of this state, the three essential powers thereof, to wit, the legislative, executive and judicial, ought to be kept as separate from, and independent of each ble manner to assemble ; �GENERAL VIEW. 23 Other, as the nature of a free government will admit, or as is consistent with that chain of connexion that binds the whole fabric of the constitution in one indissoluble bond of union afid amity. XXXVIII. A frequent recurrence to the fundamental prinand a constant adherence to justice, moderation, temperance, industry, frugality and all the social virtues, are indispensably necessary to preserve the blessings of liberty and good government ; the people ought therefore to have a particular regard to all those principles in the choice of their officers and representatives : and they have a rignt to require of their law- givers and magistrates, an exact and constant observance of them, in the formation and execution of the laws necessary for the good administration of government. ciples of the constitution, Part II. Form of Government, — The territory formerly called the Province of people inhabiting the New-Hampshire, do hereby solemnly and mutually agree with each other, to form themselves into a free, sovereign and independent body-politic, or state, by the name of the State of New- Hampshire. — General Court. The supreme legislative power, within this shall be vested in the senate and house of representa-. tives, each of which shall have a negative on the other. The senate and house shall assemble every year on the first Wednesday of June, and at such other times as they may judge and shall dissolve, and be dissolved seven days nex6 necessary preceding the said first Wednesday of June ; and shall bestiled The General Court of New- Hampshire. The general court shall forever have full power and authority to erect and constitute judicatories, and courts of record, or other courts, to be holden in the name of the state, for the hearing, trying and determining all manner of crimes, offences, pleas, processes, plaints, actions, causes, matters and things whatso-^ ever, arising or happening within this state, or between or concerning persons inhabiting or residing, or brought within the same ; whether the same be criminal or civil, or whether the crimes be capital, or not capital, and whether the said pleas be real, personal, or mixed and for the awarding and issuing execution thereon. To which courts and judicatories, arc hereby given and granted, full power and authority, from time to time, to administer oaths or affirmations, for the better discovery of truth in any matter in controversy, or depending before them. And further, full power and authority are hereby given and granted to the said general court, from time to time to make, orstate, ; ; �GENERAL VIEW. 24 all manner of wholesome and reasonable orders, laws, statutes, ordinances, directions and instructions, either with penalties, or without, so as the same be not repugnant or contrary to this constitution, as tliey may judge for the dain and establish, and welfare of this state, and for the governing and ordering thereof, and of the subjects of the same, for the necessary support and defence of the government thereof; and to name and settle annually, or provide by fixed laws for the naming and settling, all civil officers within this state ; such officers excepted, the election and appointment of whom are hereafter in this form of government otherwise provided and to set forth the several duties, powers and Hmits, for and of the several civil and military officers of this state the forms of such oaths or affirmations as shall be respectively administered unto them, for the execution of their several offices and places, so as the same be not repugnant or contrary to this constitution ; and also to impose fines, mulcts, imprisonments and other punishments ; and to impose and fcvy proportional and reasonable assessments, rates, and taxbenefit J ; upon all the inhabitants of, and residents within, the said and upon all estates within the same to be issued and disposed of by warrant, under the hand of the governor of this state for the time being, with the advice and consent of es, state ; ; the council, for the public service, in^ the necessary defence and support of the government of this state, and the protection and preservation of the subjects thereof according to such acts as are, or shall be in force within the same. iVnd while the public charges of government, or any part thereof shall be assessed on poles and estates in the manner that has heretofore been practised ; in order that such assessments may be made with equality, there shall be a valuation of the estates within the state taken anew once in every five years at least, and as much oftener as the general court shall order. No member of the general court shall take fees, be of counor act as advocate, in any cause before either branch of the legislature ; and upon due proof thereof such member shall forfeit his seat in the legislature. The doors of the galleries, of each house of the legislature shall be kept open to all persons who behave decently, except when the welfare of the state, in the opinion of either branch, sel, shall require secrecy. — House of Representatives. There shall be, in the legislature of this state, a representation of the people, annually electAnd in order ed apcT founded upon principles of equality : �25 GE-NERAL VIEW. that such representation may be as equal as circumstances will admit, every town, parish, or place entitled to town privileges, having one hundred and fifty rateable male polls, of twenty one years of age and upwards, may elect one repre^ sentative ; if. four hundred and fifty rateable polls, may elect two representatives ; and' so proceeding in that proportion, making three hundred such rateable polls the mean increasing number, for every additional representative. Such towns, parishes, or places, as have less than one hundred and fifty rateable polls shall be classed by the general court for the purpose of choosing a representative, and seasonably notified thereof. And in every class, formed for the abovementioned purpose, the first annual meeting shall be htld in the town, parish, or place, wherein most of the rateable polls reside ; and afterwards in that which has the next highest number ; and so on annually by rotation, through the several towns, parishes, or places, forming the district. Whenever any town, parish, or place, entitled to town privileges as aforesaid, shall not have one hundred and fifty rnteable polls, and be so situated as to render the classing thereof with any other town, parish, or place, very inconvenient, the general court may, upon application of a majority of the voters in such town, parish, or place, issue a writ for their electing and sending a representative to the general court. The members of the house of representatives shall be chosen annually in the month of March, and shall be the second branch of the legislature. All persons qualified to vote in the- election of senators., shall be entitled to vote within the district where they dwell, Every member of the house in the choice of representatives. of representatives shall be chosen by ballot ; and for two ears at least, next preceding his election, sh^U have been an inshall have an estate withia the dishabitant of this state ; trict which he may be chosen to represent, of the value of one hundred pounds, one half of which to be a freehold, whereof he is seized in his own right ; shall be at the time of his election an inhabitant of the town, parish or place he may be chosen to represent, shall be of the protestant religion, and shall cease to represent such town, parish or place, imniediately on his ceasing to be qualified as aforesaid. The members of both houses of the legislature shall be compensated for their services out of the treasury of the state, by a law made for that purpose ; such members attending seasonably, and not departing without license. All intermediate vacancies in the house of representatives, may be filled up from }^^ 4 ' �GENERAL VIEW. 2^ time to time, in the same manner as annual elections aver made. The house of representatives shall be the grand inquest of the and all impeachments made by them, shall be heard and state ; tried by the senate. money bills shall originate in the house of representabut the senate may propose, or concur with amendments, as on other bills. The house of representatives shall have power to adjourn themselves, but no longer than two days at a time. majority of the members of the house of representatives shall be a quorum for doing business ; but when less than two thirds of the representatives elected shall be present, the assent of two thirds of those members shall be necessary to render their acts and proceedings valid. No member of the house of representatives or senate, shall be arrested or held to bail on mean process, during his going to, returning from, or attendance upon the court. The house of representatives shall choose their own speaker, appoint their own officers, and settle the rules of proceedings in their own house ; and shall be judge of the returns, elections and qualifications of its members, as pointed out in They shall have authority to punish by imthis constitution. prisonment, every person who shall be guilty of disrespect to the house in its presence, by any disorderly and contemptuous behaviour, or by threatening or ill treating any of its members ; or by obstructing its deliberations ; every person guilty of a breach of its privileges, in making arrest for debt, or by assaulting any member during his attendance at any session ; in assaulting or disturbing any one of its officers in the execution of any order or procedure of the house ; in assaulting any witness or other person ordered to attend, by, and during his attendance upon the house j or in rescuing an)^ person arrested by order of the house, knowing them to be such. The senate, governor, and council, shall have the same powers in like cases : provided, that no imprisonment by either, for any offence, exceed ten days. The journals of the proceedings, and all public acts of both houses of the legislature, shall be printed and published immediately after every adjournment or prorogation ; and upon motion made by any one member, the yeas and nays upon any And any member of question shall be entered on the journal the senate or house of representatives, shall have a right, on motion made at the time for that purpose, to have his protest or dissent, with the reasons, against any vote, resolve, or bill passed, entered on the journal. All tives ; A — : �GENERAL VIEW Senate.—The senate 27 shall consist of twelve shall hold their office for one year from the members, who first Wednesday of June next ensuing their election. And that the state may be equally represented in the senate, the legislature shall, from time to time, divide the state into twelve districts, as nearly equal as may be without dividingtowns and unincorporated places and in making this division, they shall govern themselves by the proportion of direct taxes paid by the said districts, and timely make known to the inhabitants of the state the limits of each district. The freeholders and other inhabitants of each district, qualified as in this constitution is provided, shall annually give in their votes for a senator, at some meeting holden in the month of March. The senate shall be the first branch of the legislature; and the senators shall be chosen in the following manner, viz. every male inhabitant of each town, and parish with town privileges, and places unincorporated, in this state, of twenty-one years of age and upwards, excepting paupers, and persons excused from paying taxes at their own request, shall have a right at the annual or other meetings of the inhabitants of said towns and parishes, to be duly warned and holden annually forever in the month of March, to vote in the town or parish wherein he dwells, for the senator in the district whereof he is a member. Provided nevertheless^ That no person shall be capable of being elected a senator, who is not of the protestant relig-ion^ !Lnd seized of a freehold estate in his own right, of the value of two hundred pounds, lying within this state, who is not of the age of thirty years, and who shall not have been an inhabitant of this state for seven years immediately preceding his election, and at the time thereof he shall be an inhabitant of the district for which he shall be chosen. And every person, qualified as the constitution provides, shall be considered an inhabitant for the purpose of electing and being elected into any office or place within this state, in the town, parish and plantation, where he dwelleth and hath his ; ' home. And the inhabitants of plantations and places unincorporated, qualified as this constitution provides, who are or shall be required to assess taxes upon themselves towards the sup»^ port of govertiment, or shall be taxed therefor, shall have the same privilege of voting for senators, in the plantations and places wherein they reside, as the inhabitants of the respective towns and parishes aforesaid have. And the meetings of such plantations and places for that purpose shall be holden �GENERAL VIEW. 28 annually in the month of March, at such places respeciivdy therein as the assessors thereof shall direct ; which assessors shall have like authority for notifying the electors, collecting and returning the votes, as the selectmen and town clerks have in their several towns by this constitution. The meetings for the choice of governor, council, and senators, shall be warned by warrant from the selectmen, and governed bv a moderator, who shall in the presence of the selectmen (whose duty it shall be to attend) in open meeting, receive the votes of all the inhabitants of such towns and parishes present, and qualified to vote for senators and shall, in said meetings, in presence of the said selectmen, and of the town clerk in said meetings, sort and count the said votes, and make a public declaration thereof, with the name of every person voted for, and and the town clerk shall the number of votes for each person a fair record of the same at large, in the town book, and make shall make out a fair attested copy thereof, to be by him sealed up and directed to the secretary of the state, with a super; ; scription expressing the purport thereof : And the said town clerk shall cause such attested copy to be delivered to the sheriff (if the county in which such town or parish shall lie, thirty days at least before the first Wednesday of June, or to the secretary of the state at least twenty days before the said first Wednesday of June : and the sheriff of each county, or his deputy, shall deliver all such certificates, by him received, into the secre- tary's office, at least twenty days before the first Wednesday of June. may be a due meeting of senators on the of June annually, the governor, and a majority of the council for the time being, shall as soon as may be, examine the returned copies of such records, and fourteen days before the first Wednesday of June, he shall issue his summons to such persons as appear to be chosen senators, by a majority of votes, to attend and take their seats on that day. Provided nevertheless^ That for the first year the said returned copies shall be examined by the president, and a majority of the council then in office ; and the said president shall in like manner notify the persons elected, to attend and take their seats And first that there Wednesday accordingly. And in case there shall not appear to be a senator elected by a majority of votes, for any district, the deficiency shall be supplied in the following manner, viz. the members of the house of representatives, and such senators as shall be declared elected, shall take the names of the two persons having the highest number of votes in the district, and out of them shall elect, by joint ballot, the senator wanted for such district ; and in this �29 GENERAL VIEW. all such vacancies shall be filled up in every district of the state, and in like manner all vacancies in the senate, arising by death, removal out of the state, or otherwise, shall be supplied as soon as may be after such vacancies happen. The senate shall be final judges of the elections, returns and qualifications of their own members, as pointed out in this manner constitution. The senate shall have power to adjourn themselves, provided such adjournment do not exceed two days at a time. Provided nevertheless^ That whenever they shall sit on the trial of any impeachment, they may adjourn to such time and place as they may think proper, although the legislature be not assembled on such day, or at such place. senate shall appoint their president and other officers, and determine their own rules of proceedings : and not less than seven members of the senate shall make a quorum for doing business and when less than eight senators shall be present, The : the assent of five at least, shall be necessary to render their acts and proceedings valid. senate shall be a court, with full power and authority to hear, try and determine, all impeachments made by the house of representatives against any officer or officers of the state, for bribery, corruption, mal-practice or mal-administration, in office,with full power to issue summons, or compulsory process, for convening witnesses before them : but previous to the trial of any such impeachment, the members of the senate shall respectively be sworn truly and impartially to try and determine the The And every officer, according to evidence. for bribery, corruption, mal-practice or mal-administration in office, shall be served with an attested copy of the impeachment, and order of senate thereon, with such citation as charge in question, impeached may direct, setting forth the time and plac? of their impeachment which service shall be made by the sheriff, or such other sworn officer as the senate may appoint, at least fourteen days previous to the time of trial; and such citation being duly served and returned, the senate may proceed in the hearing of the impeachment, giving the person impeached (if he shall appear) full liberty of producing witnesses and proofs, and of making his defence, by himself and counsel, and may also, upon his refusing or neglecting to appear, hear the prj^ofs in support of the impeachment, and render judgment thereon, his non-appearance notwithstanding and such judgment shall have the same force and effect as if the person impeached had appeared and pleaded in the trial. Their judgment however, shall not extend further than removal from office, disqualification to hold or enjoy any place of honour, trust, or the senate sitting to try the ; ; �GENERAL VIEW. aO profit, under this state ; but the party so convicted, shall never- theless be liable to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment, according to the laws of the land. Whenever the governor shall be impeached, the chief justice of the supreme judicial court shall, during the senate, but have no vote therein. — trial, preside in the — Executive poweu. Governor. There shall be a supreme executive magistrate, who shall be stiled the Governor of the State of New-Hampshire, and whose title shall be His ExC€lle7icy, The governor shall be chosen annually in the month of March; and the votes for governor shall be received, sorted, counted, certified, and returned, in the same manner as the votes for senaand the secretary shall lay the same before the senate and tors house of representatives on the first Wednesday of June, to be by them examined, and in case of an election by a majority ot votes through the state, the choice shall be by thexn declared and pub; lished. And the qualifications of electors of the governor shall be the for senators ; and if no person shall have a majority of votes, the senate and house of representatives shall by joint ballot elect one of the two persons having the highest numbei" of votes, who shall be declared governor. And no persons shall be eligible to this office, unless at the same as those his election, he shall have been an inhabitant of this state for seven years next preceding, and unless he shall be of the age of thirty years, and unless he shall at the same time have an estate of the value of five hundred pounds, one half of which shall time of consist of a freehold in his own right within this state, and unkss he shall be of the protestant religion. In cases of disagreement between the two houses with regard to the time or place of adjournment or prorogation, the governor, with advice of council, shall have a right to adjourn or prorogue the general court, not exceeding ninety days at any one time, as he may determine the public good may require, and he shall dissolve the same seven days before the said first Wednesday of June. And in case of any infectious distemper prevailing in the place where the said court at any time is to convene, or any other cause, whereby dangers may arise to the health or l^ves of the members from their attendance, the governor may direct the session to be holden at some other the most convenient place within the state. Every bill which shall have passed both houses of the general xourt, shall, before it become a law, be presented to �GENERAL VIEW. 31 the governor ; if he approve, he shall sign it, but if not, he shall return it with his objections, to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal and proceed to reconsider it j if after such reconsideration, two thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with such objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons, voting for or against the bill, shall be entered on the If any bill shall not be journal of each house respectively. returned by the governor, within five days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the legislature, bj' their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. Every resolve shall be presented to the governor, and besame shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by the senate and house of representatives, according to the rules and limfore the itations prescribed in the case of All judicial a bill. attorney general, solicitors, all sheriffs, coroners, registers of probate, and all officers of the navy, and general and field officers of the militia, shall be nominated and appointed by the governor and council ; and every such nomination shall be made at least three days prior to such appointment ; and no appointment shall take place, unThe governor less a majority of the counsel agree thereto. and council shall have a negative on each other, both in the nominations and appointments. Every nomination and appointment shall be signed by the governor and council, and every negative shall be also signed by the governor or council who made the same. The captains and subalterns in the respective regiments, shall be nominated and recommended by the field officers to the governor, who is to issue their commissions immediately on receipt of such recommendation. Whenever the chair of the governor shall become vacant, by reason of his death, absence from the state, or otherwise, the president of the senate shall, during such vacancy, have and exercise all the powers and authorities which, by this constitution the governor is vested with, when personally present ; but when the president of the senate shall exercise the office of governor, he shall not hold his office in the senate. officers, the . �GENERAL VIEW. 32 The governor, with advice of council, shall have full power and authority in the recess of the general court, to prorogue the same from time to time, not exceeding ninety days in any one recess of said court and during the sessions of said court, to adjourn or prorogue it to any time the two houses may desire, and to call it together sooner than the time to which it may ; be adjourned or prorogued, if the welfare of the state should require the same. The governor of this stats for tlie time being, shall be commander in chief of the army and navy, and all the military and shall have full powforces of the state, by sea and land er by himself, or by any chief commander, or other officer or officers, from time to time, to train, instruct, exercise and govern the militia and navy and for the special defence and safety of this state, to assemble in martial array, and put in warlike posture the inhabitants thereof, and to lead and conduct them, and with them to encounter, repulse, repel, resist and pursue by force of arms, as well by sea as by land, within and without the limits of this state and also to kill, slay, destroy, if necessary, and conquer by all fitting ways, enterprize and means, all and every such person and persons as shall at any time hereafter, in a hostile manner, attempt or enterprize the destruction, and to use and invasion, detriment or annoyance of this state exercise over the army and navy, and over the militia in actual service, the law martial in time of war, invasion, and also in rebellion, declared by the legislature to exist as occasion shall necand surprize by all ways and means whatessarily require soever, all and every such person or persons, with their ships, arms, ammunition, and other goods, as shall in a hostile manner invade, or attempt the invading, conquering or annoying, this state ; and in fine, the governor hereby is entrusted with all other powers incident to the office of captain general and commander in chief and admiral, to be exercised agreeably to the rules and regulations of the constitution and the laws of the land : provided, that the governor shall not at any time hereafter, by virtue of any power by this constitution granted or hereafter to be granted to him by the legislature, transport any of the inhabitants of this state, or oblige them to march out of the limits of the same, without their free and voluntary consent, or the consent of the general court, nor grant commissions for exercising the law martial in any case, without the advice and consent of the council. The power of pardoning offences, except such as persons may be convicted of before the senate by impeachment of the hottse, shall be in the governor, by and with the advice of the council ; but no charter of pardon granted by the governor with ; ; ; ; : �GENERAL VIE\V. 33 advice of council, before convictioH, shall avail the party plead* ing the same, notwithstanding any general or particular expressions contained therein, descriptive of the offence or offences intended to be pardoned. No officer duly commissioned to command in the militia shall be removed from his office, but by the address of both houses to the governor, or by fair trial in court-martial, pursuant to the laws of the state for the time being. The commanding officers of the regiments shall appoint their adjutants and quarter-masters ; the brigadiers, their brigade-majors ; the major-generals, their aids ; the captains and subalterns, their non-commissioned officers. The division of the militia into brigades, regiments and companies, made in purswance of the militia laws now in force, shall be considered as the proper division of the militia of by some future law. issued out of the treasury of this state and disposed of (except such sums as may be appropriated for the redemption of bills of. credit, or treasurer's notes, or for the payment of interest arising thereon) hut by warrant under the hand of the governor for the time being, by and with the advice and consent of the council, for the necessary support and defence of this state, and for the necessary protection and preservation of the inhabitants thereof, agreeably to the acts and resolves of the general court. All public boards, the commissary-general, all superintending officers of public magazines and stores belonging to this state, and all commanding officers of forts and garrisons within the same, shall once in every three months, officially and without requisition, and at other times when required by the governor, deliver to him an account of all goods, stores, provisions, this state, until the sam** shall be altered No monies shall be ammunition, cannon, with their appendages, and all small arms with their accoutrements, and of all other public property under their care respectively ; distinguishing the quantity and kind of each, as particularly as may be ; together with the condition of such forts and garrisons and the commanding officer shall exhibit to the governor when required by him, true and exact plans of such forts, and of the land and sea, or harbour or harbours adjacent. The governor and council shall be compensated for their services, from time to time, by such grants as the general court : shall think reasonable. Permanent and honourable salaries shall be established for the justices of the superior court. by Iaw» �GENERAL VfEW. a4 —There shall be annually elected by ballot five counadvising the governor in the executive part of government. The freeholders and other inhabitants in each county, qualified to vote for senators, shall some time in the month of March, give in their votes for one counsellor ; which votes shall be received, sorted, counted, certified and returned to the secretary's office, in the same manner as the votes for senators, to be by the secretary laid before the senate and house of representatives on the first Wednesday of June. And the person having a majority of votes in any county, shall be considered as duly elected a counsellor but if no person shall have a majority of votes in any county, the senate and house of representatives shall take the names of the two persons who have the highest number of votes in each county, and not elected, and out of those two, shall elect by joint ballot, Council. sellors, for : the counsvrllor wanted for such county and the qualifications for counsellors shall be the same as for senators. If any person thus chosen a counsellor, shall be elected governor or member of either branch of the legislature, and shall accept the trust ; or if any person elected a counsellor, shall refuse to accept the office ; or in case of the death, resignation, or removal of any counsellor out of the state ; the governor mayissue a precept for the election of anew counsellor in that county where such vacancy shall happen ; and the choice shall be in the same manner as before directed : and the governor shall have full power and authority to convene the council, from time to time, at his discretion ; and with them or the majority of them, may and shall from time to time hold a council for ordering and directing the affiiirs of the state according to the laws of : the land. of the council may be impeached by the house by the senate, for bribery, corruption, mal-practice, or The members and tried mal-administration. The resolutions and advice of the council shall be .recorded by the secretary in a register, and signed by all the members present agreeing thereto ; and this record may be called for at any time by either house of the legislature ; and any member of the council may enter his opinion contrary to the resolutions of the majority, with the reasons for such opinion. The legislature may, if the public good shall hereafter require it, divide the state into five districts, as nearly equal as governing themselves by the portion of public taxes ; each in case of such division, the formable to the present mode number of rateable district to elect may be, and proa counsellor and polls, manner of the choice : shall of election in counties. be con- �GENERAL VIEW. 35 And whereas the elections appointed to be made by this conon the first Wednesday of June annually by the two houses of the legislature, may not be completed on that day, the said elections may be adjourned from day to day, until the same be completed ; and the order of the elections shall be as follows the the vacancies in the senate (if any) shall be first filled up governor shall then be elected, provided there shall be no choice of him by the people and afterwards the two houses shall proceed to fill up the vacancy (if any) in the council. stitution : : : — Secretary^ Treasurer^ Commissary-General^ SsPc- The secreand commissary-general, shall be chosen by joint ballot of the senators and representatives assembled in one tary, treasurer, room. The records of the state shall be kept in the office of the sethe governor and council, the sen; and he shall attend ate and representatives, in person or by deputy,, as they may recretary quire. The secretary of the state shall at all times have a deputy, to be by him appointed ; for whose conduct in office he shall be responsible : and in case of the death, removal, or inability, of the secretary ; his deputy shall exercise all the duties of the office of secretary of this state, until another shall be appointed. The secretary before he enters upon the business of his office, shall give bond with sufficient sureties, in a reasonable sum, for the use of the state, for the punctual performance of his trust. — County Treasurer^ ^c. The county treasurers and registers of deeds, shall be elected by the inhabitants of the several towns, in the several counties in the state, according to the method now practised, and the laws of the state. Provided nevertheless^ The legislature shall have authority to alter the manner of certifying the votes and the mode of but not so as to deprive the people of electing those officers the right they now have of electing them. And the legislature, on the application of the major part of the inhabitants of any county, shall have authority to divide ; the same into two districts for registering deeds, if to shall appear necessary ; each district them it f elect a register of deeds : and before they enter upon the business of their offices, shall be respectively sworn faithfully to discharge the duties thereof, and shall severally give bond, with sufficient sureties, in a reasonable sum, for the use of the county, for the punctual performance of their respective trusts. �GENERAL VIEW. {J6 yudiciary Power. -^Tht tenure that all commissioned officers have by law in their offices, shall be expressed in their reall judicial officers duly appointed, comspective commissions missioned and sworn, shall hold their offices during good behaviour, excepting those concerning whom there is a different proProvided nevertheless^ the vision made in this constitution governor, with consent of counsel, may remove them upon the address of both houses of the legislature. Each branch of the legislature, as well as the governor and council, shall have authority to require the opinions of the justices of the superior court, upon important questions of law and upon solemn occasions. In order that the people may not suffer from the long continuance in place of any justice of the peace, who shall fail in discharging the important duties of his office with ability and fidelity, all commissions of justices of the peace shall become void at the ejcpiration of five years from their respective dates, and upon the expiration of any commission the same may if necessary be renewed, or another person appointed, as shall most conduce to the well being of the state. All causes of marriage, divorce and alimony, and all appeals from the respective judges of probate, shall be heard and tried by the superior court until the legislature shall by law make other shall — : provisiono The general court are empowered to give to justices of the peace, jurisdiction in civil causes, when the damages demanded ^hallnot exceed four pounds^ and title of real estate is not concerned ; but with right of appeal to either party, to some other court, so that a trial by jury in the last resort may be had. No person shall hold the office of judge of any court, or judge of probate, or sheriff of any county, after he has attained the age of seventy years. No judge of any court or justice of the peace^ shall act as attorney, or be of counsel to any party, or originate any civil suit, in matters which shall come, or be brought before him as judge, or justice of the peace. All matters relating to the probate of wills and granting letters of administration, shall be exercised by the judges of probate, in such manner as the legislature have directed, or may hereafter direct : and the judges of probate shall hold their courts at such place or places, on such fixed days, as the conveniency of the people may require, and the legislature from time Lo time appoint. No judge, or register of probate, shall be of counsel, act as advocate, or receive any fees as advocate or counsel, in aay �GENERAL VIEW. 37 probate business which is pending, or may be brought into any court of probate in the county of which he is judge or register. — The judges of the courts (those of probate Clerks of Court. excepted) shall appoint their respective clerks, to hold their office during pleasure : and no such clerk shall act as an attorney, or be of counsel in any cause in the court of which he is clerk, nor shall he draw any writ originating a civil action. — Encouragement of Literature^ ^c. Knowledge and learning, generally diffused through a community, being essentiabto the preservation of a free government ; and spreading the opportunities and advantages of education through the various parts of the country, being highly conducive to promote this end it shall be the duty of the legislators and magistrates, in all future periods of this government, to cherish the interest of literature and the sciences, and all seminaries and public schools ; to encourage private and public institutions, rewards and immunities for the promotion of agriculture, arts, sciences, commerce, trades, manufactures, and natural history of the country ; to countenance and inculcate the principles of humanity and general benevolence, public and private charity, industry and economy, honesty and punctuality, sincerity, sobriety, and generous sentiments among the social affections, and all people. Oath and Subscriptions Exclusion from Offices ; Commissions ; Writs ; Confirmation of Laws ; Habeas Corpus ; The Enacting Stile ; Continuance of Officers / Provision for a Future Revision of the Constitution^ ^c. Any person chosen governor, counsellor, senator, or representative, military or civil officer, (town officers excepted) accepting the trust, shall, before he proceeds to execute the duties of his ; make and subscribe the following declaration, viz. A. B. do solemnly swear, that I will bear faith and true allegiance to the State of New-Hampshire, and will support the constitution thereof. So help me God. I, A. B. do solemnly and sincerely swear and affirm, that I office, I, and impartially discharge and perform all the duincumbent on me as according to the best of my abilities, agreeably to the rules and regulations of this conSo stitution, and the laws of the State of New-Hampshire. will faithfully ties help me God. Any person having taken and subscribed the oath of allegiance, aiid the same being filed in the secretary's office, he shall not be obliged to take said oath again. �GENERAL VIEW (Jb Provided always^ When any person chosen or appointed as aforesaid, shall be of the denomination called quakers, or shall be scrupulous of swearing, and shall decline taking the said oaths, such person shall take and subscribe them, omitting the sxvear^ and likewise the words so help me Godj subjoining instead thereof, this I do under the pains andpenalties ofperjury* And the oaths or affirmations shall be taken and subscribed by the governor, before the president of the senate, in presence of both hcusLs of the legislature, and by the senators and representatives first elected under this constitution, as altered and amended, before the president of the state, and a majority of the council then in office, and forever afterwards, before the governor and council for the time being ; and by all other officers, before such persons and in such manner as the legislature shall word from time to time appoint. All commissions shall be inthenameof theStateofNew-Hampshire, signed by the governor and attested by the secretary, or his deputy, and shall have the great seal of the state affixed thereto. All writs issuing out of the clerk's office in any of the courts of law, shall be in the name of the State of New-Hampshire ; shall be under the seal of the court whence they issue, and bear test of the chief, first, or senior justice of the court ; but when such justice shall be interested, then the writ shall bear test of some other justice of the court to which the same shall be returnable ; Tmd be signed by the clerk of such court. All indictments, presentments, and informations shall conclude, agaiiist the peace and dignity of the state. The estates of such persons as may destroy their own lives, shall not for that offence be forfeited, but descend or ascend in the same manner as if such persons had died in a natural way ; nor shall any article which shall accidentally occasion the death of any person, be henceforth deemed a deodand, or in any wise forfeited on account of such misfortune. All the laws which have heretofore been adopted, used and approved, in the province, colony, or State of New-Hampshire, and usually practised on in the courts of law, shall remain and be in full force until altered and repealed by the legislature ; such parts thereof only excepted, as are repugnant to the rights and liberties contained in this constitution : provided that nothing herein contained, when compared with the 23d article in the bill of rights, shall be construed to affect the laws already made respecting the persons, or estates, of absentees. The privilege and benefit of the habeas corpus, shall be enjoyed in this state, in the most free, easy, cheap, expeditious, and ample manner, and shall not be suspended by the legislature, except upon the most urgent and pressing occasions, and for a time not exceeding three months. �GENERAL VIEW. 39 ' The enacting stile in making and passing acts, statutes, and Be it enacted by the senate and house of repre* laws, shall be sentatives^ in general court convened. No governor, or judge of the supreme judicial court shall hold any office or place under the authority of this state, except such as by this constitution they are admitted to hold, saving that the judges of the said court may hold the office of justice of the peace throughout the state ; nor shall they hold any place or office, or receive any pension or salary, from any other state, government, or power whatever. No person shall be capable of exercising at the same time, the following offices within "this state, vz. judge of probate, sheriff, register of deeds ; and never more than two offices of profit, which may be held by appointment of the governor, or governor and council, or senate and house of representatives, or superior or inferior courts ; military offices and offices of justices of the peace excepted. No person holding the office of judge of any court (except special judges,) secretary, treasurer of the state, attorney-general, commissary-general, military officers receiving pay from the continent or this state (excepting officers of the militia, occasionally called forth on an emergency) register of deeds, sheriff, or officers of the customs, including naval officers, collectors of excise and state and continental taxes, hereafter appointed and not having settled their accounts with the respective officers with whom it is their duty to settle such accounts, members of congress, or any person holding any office under the United States, shall at the same time hold the office of governor, or have a seat in the senate, or house of representatives, or council ; but his being chosen and appointed to, and accepting the same, shall operate as a resignation of their seat in the chair, senate, or house of representatives, or council and the place so vacated shall be filled up. No member of the council shall have a seat in the senate or house of representatives. No person shall ever be admitted to hold a seat in the legislature, or any office of trust or importance, under this government, who in the due course of law has been convicted of bribery or corruption in obtaining an election or appointment. In all cases where sums of money are mentioned in this constitution, thd value thereof shall be computed in silver at six shillings and eight pence per ounce. To the end that there may be no failure of justice, or danger to the state by the alterations and amendments made in the constitution, the general court is hereby fiilly authorized and directed tQ fix the time when the alterations and amendments shall take effect, and make the necessary arrangements accordingly.* more than one of ; * See act oC 14th Dec. 1792 �GENERAL VIEW. 40 It shall be the duty of the selectmen and assessors^ of the several towns and places in this state, in warning the first annual meetings for the choice of senators, after the expiration of seven years from the adoption of this constitution as amended, to insert expressly in the warrant, this purpose among the others for the meeting, to wit, to take the sense of the qualified voters on the subject of a revision of the constitution ; and the meeting being warned accordingly (and not otherwise) the moderator shall take the sense of the qualified voters present, as to the necessity of a revision j and a return of the number of votes for and against such necessity, shall be made by the clerk, sealed up and directed to the general court, at their then next session ; and if it shall appear to the general court by such return, that the sense of the people of the str.te has been taken, and that in the opinion of the majority of the qualified voters in the state, present and voting at said meetings, there is a necessity for a revision of the constitution, it shall be the duty of the general court to call a convention for that purpose, otherwise the general court shall direct the sense of the people to be taken, and The delegates then proceed in the manner before mentioned. to be chosen in the same manner, and proportioned as the reprovided that no alterations presentatives to the general court shall be made in this constitution, before the same shall be laid : before the towns and unincorporated places, and approved by thirds of the qualified voters present and voting on the two subject. And the same method of taking the sense of the people, as and calling a convention for to a revision of the constitution, that purpose, shall be observed afterwards, at the expiration of every seven years. This form of government shall be enrolled on parchment, and deposited in the secretary's office, and be a part of the laws of the land : and printed copies thereof shall be prefixed to the books containing the laws of this state, in all future editions thereof. — The judicial department in NewJudicial Department. as at present organized, consists in the first place of a superior court of judicature, composed of a chief justice and two associate justices. This courthas cognizance of high crimes and misdemeanors, receives appeals from the inferior courts and the courts of probate, and determines all questions of marriage, divorce, and alimony. It holds two sessions annually in each county. There are also in this state two district courts of commoa pleas. For this purpose the state is divided into two districts^ Hampshire �GENERAL VIEW. 41 of the counties of Rockingham, Strafford, and Hillsborough, and the other of the counties of Grafton, ChesIn each of these districts there is a court of hire, and Coos. common pleas, composed of one chief justice who is assisted byThis court holds its two associate justices in each county. sessions semi-annually in each county. There is also in each county a court of probate of wills, &c. consisting of one judge assisted by a register. It sits eveiy month in diiFerent parts of each county. This court has cognizance of all matters pertaining to the descent and settlement It exercises care over widows, of estates testate and intestate. orphans, idiots, and insane persons, and has the management of one composed confiscated estates. For a more particular view of the laws of this state the reader is referred to the last edition of them. Militartf Strength. —The militia of New- Hampshire is com- posed of every able bodied, white male citiz*. n resident there* in, between the ages of 18 and 45 years, except those exempted by law, among whom are persons exempted on the ground of religious scruples relating to war. According to the annual return of the adjutant-general in 1814, the enrolled infantry amounted to 22,654 the artillery the cavalry to 2,1/9, total 26,309. There were also to 1,476 34vpieces of brass ordnance. The militia of New-Hampshire by a law passed December 22, 1808, is divided into three divisions, six brigades, thirty-seven regiments, and seventy-four Each division is commanded by a major-general, battalions. who is allowed two aids with the rank of major. Each brigade has one brigadier-general and a brigade-inspector, who also performs the duty of a brigade-major. Each regiment has one colonel-commandant, one lieutenant-colonel, and one major. All these officers must reside within th^ limits of their respec- — — tive commands. Fortifications* — (See Portsmouth and Newcastle.) — Religion* The constitution of New-Hampshire secures to the people of this state the freedom of religious opinion and worship. The laws provide equally for the protection of every class of christians, and the constitution expressly declares, " that no subordination of one sect or denomination to another shall ever be established by law." The people of this state claim and exercise the right of selecting and supporting their own religious instructors, nor can any person be compelled to contribute towards the support of any religious denomination to which he 6 �GENERAL VIEW. 42 For every rational purpose therefore, liberty does not belong. of conscience exists, in this state in the fullest sense of the word. The principal religious denominations in this state are seven in number, viz. congregationalists, presbyterians, episcopalians, baptists, methodists, qu;ikcrs, and universalists. There is also a small societv of sandimanians in Portsmouth, and one of The shakers in each of the towns of Canterbury and Enfield. most numerous of these sects is the baptist denomination. The christian religion under some form is almost universally Those few sceptics who preprofessed throughout the state. tend to deny this religion have not as yet agreed upon any substitute for it. in New-Hampshire 261 houses appropriated to religious worship, which are in general frequented every sabbath, and there are nearly the same number of school houses and other buildings which are used in the sam^ manner. There are From State the best information we can 222 ordained ministers, of procure, there are iji this 100 are congregational- whom method^ and 107 baptists. It is a remarkable fact that some of the above sects differ Many of them disagree with each other much only in name. less than do individuals of the same society in their private ists, 3 presbyterians, 3 episcopalians, 3 universalists, 6 ists, opinions. Manners ^ Customs. — It is a much easier task to describe the manners of past times than of the present notwithstanding however the variety in this respect which must prevail in a whole state, there must exist some general and prominent traits which all will recognize. ; The people of New-Hampshire, like the first civilized setall new countries, are in general robust, brave, and acThe advantages of early education were not formerly tive. of such easy access nor so generally enjoyed as the true interests of the state demanded, yet there w^ere at all times individuals who surmounted the want of those advantages, and who, by the energy of native genius and persevering industry qualified themselves to render the most important services to their Since the revolution however, the means of fellow citizens. early instruction and mental improvement as well as the facilities of general information have abundantly increased and multiplied, and unquestionably these advantages will continue to tlers of increase. of But of however recent origin may have been the literature New-Hampshire, the character of this state has always pos- �GENERAL VIKVV. 43 sessed those valuable qualities which have rendered it an imIts inhabitants can portant branch of the American union. number among their native characteristics, fortitude and patience in adversity, intrepidity in danger, and alertness in acMany of the first settlers of this state were often reduced tion. Their style of living was as simple as possible. to poverty. Their houses were constructed of logs and poles, united at their ends by incisions where they meet. The crevices between these logs were plastered and filled up with stiff clay, the consistency of which was increased by a mixture of earth or straw. The roof was either of bark, or thin portions of logs. The fire place was merely a pile of stones, within which the fire was kindled on the ground, while the smoke was allowed to escape During the winter, it as it could through a hole in the roof. was the practice to keep a fire by night as well as day. Ovens were situated at a distance from the houses and were constructed of stones, cemented and plastered over with clay. Throughout the new settlements, there were to be seen many of these rude attempts in the art of house building, which served for the accommodation of whole families, until their industry could prepare better materials and a better situation for their dwellings. By these modes of living our forefathers became inured to hardships, and by subjecting themselves to abstinence and labour their children acquired the means of raising up large families, and rendering themselves independent freeholders. They feel therefore, all that dignity and pride which spring from the consciousness that their estates are the fruit of their industry. From the traditions they have received of the fortitude, sufferings and struggles of their ancestors, they have caught the inspiration of courage and the glow of patriotic emulation. New-H impshire possesses therefore in its local character, the sources of manly and heroic virtue, and of all that persevering intrepidity which can at once encounter with patience the hardships of a desert and face an enemy without dismay. Their martial spirit needs only opportunities for its exercise. The militia of this state, under the advantages of regular discipline, and commanded by officers of trust and ability, is fully adequate to all the purposes of local defence. The female sex in New-Hampshire have the general characteristics which distinguish New-England women ; freshness, delicacy, and softness of countenance, creating not unfrequently the perfection of female beauty. Among that portion of them who have enjoyed the benefits of early education, the traveller may find all the fascinations of manners, the charms of conversation, and the attractions of accomplishment. The females of this st^Xt are in general trained from their youth to �GENERAL VIEW. 44 the duties of domestic economy, from which the distinctions The employof fortune are seldom considered an exemption. ments of the needle and other domestic avocations are here regarded as honourable, and indolence brings equal reproach upon both sexes. In the farming towns, the women manufacTheir fabrics of linen and ture the clothing of their families. No part of woollen are of the firmest and neatest quality. the world can produce superior butter and cheese to that made on the banks. of the Connecticut. Gambling is i vice unknown in New- Hampshire, except among that worthless few who are either unable, or unwilling The gamester, the to follow the pursuits of honest industry. jockey, and the knave are the objects of detestation and neglect among all whose object it is to sustain an honourable all character. — The only college in this state is in Literature &J* Science. It was called Dartthe town of Hanover (See Hanover.) mouth college from the Right Hon. William, Earl of Dartmouth, who was one of its earliest and principal benefactors. There is an instiIts charter was obtained in the year 1769. tution annexed to the college, called Moore's school, containing between 50 and 60 scholars. The number of academies and incorporated schools in this One of the academies is in Exeter, and is state is about 20. It was founded in 1781 ; called Phillips Exeter Academy. its condition is very flourishing, and its reputation and usefulness very extensive. There are also smaller academies at GilFor manton, Ncw-Ipswich, Chesterfield, Atkinson, &c. &c. accounts of those institutions, the reader is referred to the descriptioiiS of the towns where they are situated. — Banks. There are four banks at Portsmouth, viz. the NewHimpshiie Bank, incorporated 1792, N. H. Union Bank, incorporated 1802, Portsmouth Bank, incorporated 1803, and the There are also banks Rockingham Bank, incorporated 1813. Dovt-r, Exeter, Haverhill, and Keene, all incorporated 1803, and at Amherst and Concord, incorporated in 1806. at in — Of these institutions, there are in NewInsurance Companies. H'^mpshire four, all of them at Portsmouth. They have power to effect insurance upon vessels and their cargoes, as well as They insure also against fire upon other goods !nd chattels. buildings and merchandize, against captivity, and against loss of life. �GENERAL VIVM. Progressive Population. —The ' 45 earliest census or authenticat- ed estimate of the population of this state, which we have been able to find was made in 1680, when this territory was under the The province, as it was then called, then British government. contained only four towns, viz. Portsmouth, Dover, Exeter, and Hampton. The number of qualified voters at that time, were in Portsmouth 71, in Dover 61, in Hampton 57^ and in Exeter 20, making a total of 209. No regular estimate of the whole population was made before the year 1749, at which time, the province was under the immediate government of Gov. Wentworth. " The progressive population of the state since that time is as ; in 1749, it amounted to 30,000 ; in 1767, it was 52,000 ; in 1775, it was 82,000; in 1790, it was 141,000; in 1800, it was 183,000; and in 1810, it was 214,460, of whom 37,200 follows were legal voters. The advance of population therefore in ten years was This must have been the natural increase, because 30,602. New-Hampshire does not gain so much by emigration from her sister states as she loses by emigration to Vermont, NewYork, and the western country. Where land can be obtained at so cheap a rate, and the means of subsistence are so easy as in the new settled parts of our state, much encouragement is necessarily given to early marriage, and indeed an unmarried man, of the age of thirty, is rarely to be found in our country towns. Our young farmers, having cleared a small tract of land and provided the means of present accommodation, soon experience the truth of the old adage, that " it is not good for man to be alone." Having the prospect of immediate support before their eyes, they feel no dread of early connexions. Indeed a fe-* male soon becomes the indispensable partner of agricultural labour in our new settlements, where the land is brought to pasture and the business of a dairy has commenced, over which it is the province of women to preside, and with whom it is at once an object of interest and ambition. Counties y £s?c. — (See various articles in the Gazetteer.) Manufactories.—Th^ manufacturing interests of New-Hampshire have been recently in a state of rapid progression. This state contains more than thirty incorporated factories in the many of them on an extensive There are also several others which are not incorporated. Most of them have been established within five or six years past, and are, with few exceptions, now in operation. These establishments will be particularly mentioned in the ac* branches of cotton and woollen, scale. �46 GENERAL VIEW. counts of the respective towns where they are situated, viz* Exeter, Dover, Peterborough, Milford, Lebanon, New-Ipswich, &c. &c. There is also the New-Hampshire Iron Factory Company, incorporated in 1805, the Haverhill and Franconian Iron Factory Company, incorporated in 1808, the N. H. Mineral Company, incorporated in 1811, the New-Bostou Wire and Iron Factory Company, incorporated in 1812, the Bath Alum Company, incorporated in 1812, and the N.H. Glass Manufactory Company at Keene, incorporated in 1814. There are also several furnaces for casting iron, hollow ware, &c. for rolling and slitting iron, casting brass cannon, and Carding at Exeter there is a good manufactory of small arms. and spinning machines, all kinds of cabinet work and turnery, wool and cotton cards, all kinds of articles in the cooper's line, bricks, tiles, and potters wares, are manufactured in various parts of the state, as also ardent spirits and essences of various kinds, hats, shoes, boots, saddles, and harness, carriages of all sorts ; tin, copper, and brass ware, clocks, bells, combs, millstones, ploughs, and all the implements of husbandry. The earliest traffic that was known in this state was that of the fur trade with the Indians. I'he next trade was in fish, and the next in lumber. In former years the banks of the Piscataqua were covered with excellent pine timber, which was exported in various forms. The first settlers erected many sawmills on the branches of the rivers, and a brisk trade in this branch was carried on for many years. When the lands adjacent to the rivers were stripped of their first growth, it was supThis however posed that the lumber business would decline. From an interior circuit of 40 or 50 *has not been the fact. During a period miles, timber is transported for exportation. of several years after the revolution, the partial imposts and impolitic restrictions of our government excluded foreign vessels from our ports, while a deficiency both of capital and enterprize, prevented the merchants of the Piscataqua from exploring the many new sources of commerce, which were opened by their national independence, and which their brethren in other seaports were improving with avidity. But the operations of the Federal government have introduced a more equal system of imposts and other regulations of trade by which the commercial interests of this as well as of other parts of the union have been rapidly advanced. The officers of the customs in NewHampshire are appointed by the national executive, and the revenue arising from its commerce, goes into the national treasury. The salutary effects of the attention of congress to the navigation of New-Hampshire i* evident from the situation of ' �GENERAL VfEW. 47 some other states in the union. New-Hampsituated in the bosom of Massachusetts, with only a narrow strip of sea coast and only one port belonging to her ; her interior country is spread extensively along the borders of adjacent States in such a manner, as to compel her to a commerthis as well as of shire is with them. All her towns which lie on her southern border, and most of those which lie on her western border, find it more convenient to carry their produce to the markets either of Newburyport, Boston or Hartford than to Portsmouth. The towns situated on the Saco river and those on the northern part of the Connecticut, will necessarily communicate with the markets in the District of Maine. The lumber, which is cut on the upper banks of the Merrimack, is rafted down that river and exported from Newburyport or Boston, while most of that which is cut on the Connecticut river is carried to HartThe largest and best part of New-Hampshire is thereford. fore cut off by nature from all commercial intercourse with her Lumber being a bulky article, is always transonly sea port. ported to the nearest emporium, and when it is possible, by waAll other heavy articles, such as pot and pearl ter carriage. ashes, beef, pork, cheese, butter, flax, &c. which require waggons or sleighs, as also live cattle, sheep, and swine will always be sent to the most advantageous market. These circumstances sufficiently explain the fact, that the government of NewHampshire have never been able, either before or since the revolution, to concentrate within this state its proper commercial advantages, nor even to ascertain the value of its native produccial connection tions. , impracticable tl»erefore to describe particularly the number or value of the articles of trade which are produced in New-Hampshire and exported from the different ports of Massachusetts and Connecticut. To confine the detail to the port of Portsmouth would give a very imperfect and indistinct idea of the productiveness of the state. Such facts and estimates however which have been obtained on this subject, will be developed under their proper heads. The staple commodities of New-Hampshire, m^iy be said to consist of the following articles, viz. lumber, provisions, horses, neat cattle, fish, pot and pearl ashes, and flax-seed. The total value of the exportation from Portsmouth from October, 178% to October, 1790, was ^296,839,51 cents. In 1798, the total value in that year was $723^4U In 1810, it was only g234,650. This diminution was caused by the existing commercial restrictions. Since 1810, the commerce of Portsmouth has revived very slowly. (See Portsmouth.) It is �GENERAL VIEW 48 — Free Masonry. The grand lodge of New-Hampshire was There are a incorporated December 30, 1805, for 20 years. number of lodges in the state subordinate to this grand lodge, viz. Washington, St. John's, Jerusalem, Franklin, Benevolent, &c. &c. Trinity Chapter of Royal Masons at Hopkinton, and St. Andrew's Royal Arch Chapter Societies. at Hanover. —The number and character of the societies in this honour upon the taste, intelligence and humanity of There are two mechanical societies, viz. Newits inhabitants. Hampshire and Walpole, both incorporated in 1805, two misa sionary societies, the New-Hampshire and Piscataqua marine society, a bible society, two agricultural societies, and. a The medimedical society, which was incorporated in 1791. cal society is divided into districts, viz. the eastern, centre, and The eastern and centre districts contain the fellows western. and associates elected from the counties of Rockingham, Strafthe western contains those elected from ford, and Hillsborough The annual meeting is held at Cheshire, Grafton, and Coos. Concord on the first Tuesday of June. There are several incorporated musical societies inthisstate, viz. Rockingham, Concord, Handellian, Londonderry, Plymouth, Central, &c. the professed objects of all which are the circulation of approved tuiies, the diffusion of a classical taste, and the enjoyment of all the pleasures arising from the social cultivation There are library societies incorporated of sacred harmony. There is perhaps in every considerable township of the state. no mode of public improvement so practicable in a small comOf these establishments, munifv ris thot of social libraries. New-H.impshire contains at least two hundred, comprising in There are althe whole nearly 10,000 well selected volumes. state reflect ; ; so in this state a large number of societies for the distribution of religious tracts, several for the suppression of immorality, and several to promote the observance of the sabbath. Education receives as much encouragement in this state as The legislature of New-Hampshire in any pmrt of the world. in 1808, passed an act making the following provisions, that the selectmen of the several towns and parishes, and places in this state be empowered and required to assess annually upon'the inhabitants of their respective towns, parishes and places, accordinn: to their polls and rateable estates, and also upon improved and unimproved lands and buildings of non-residents, in a sum to be computed at the rate of seventy dollars for every one dolhir of their proportion of public taxes for the time being, and so on for a greater or less sum, which sums when collected t» be appropriated to the sole purpose of keeping an English �GENERAL VIEW. 49 school or schools within the town or parish for which the same sounds and powEnglish language, reading, writing, English grammar, arithmetic, geography, and such other branches as are necessary to be taught in an English school. And furthermore, no person to be deemed qualified to teach any such schools, unless he or she shall procure a certificate from some able and respectable English or grammar school-master, or learned minister of the gospel, or preceptor of some academy, or the president, professor, or a tutor of some college, that he or she is well qualified to teach such school, and likewise a certificate from the selectmen or minister of the town or parish to which he or she belongs, that he or she sustains a good moral character ; this certificate to be presented to the selectmen or committee for inspecting schools in the town or parish where such school is to be kept, previous to the commencement of such school. Also, that each town in the state shall at their annual meeting, appoint three or more suitable persons to visit and inspect the schools in their respective towns or parishes, at such time as shall be most convenient for the parties concerned, and in a manner they may judge most conducive to the progress of literature, morals, and religion. shall be assessed, for instruction in the various ers of letters in the State Prison. —The state prison some stone building erected at of New-Hampshire Concord three is a handhigh, stories containing thirty-six cells. The prison is connected with the keeper's house, a building of four stories. The whole is enclosed by a wall fourteen feet in height. The workmanship of this edifice is not surpassed by any thing of the kind in the United States. The internal affairs of the prison are under the superintendence of three directors and a warden who ofThese officers are appointed by the ficiates as the keeper. governor and council. The minister of the town officiates as The business of the prison is regulated in a manchaplain. ner highly creditable to the immediate officers. At present there are about thirty convicts, most of whom are employed in the manufactory of wooden screws, of which article, nearly ten thousand gross were manufactured for the proprietors in less than twelve months. There are other articles fabricated here, such as door hinges and almost every description of smiths w«rk. The employment of the prisoners is constant and systematized, and their food plain and wholesome. These circumstances, in addition to the regularity of their discipline, and the healthy situation of the prison, at once alleviate the pains of confinement and afford opportunity for reflection and amendment. This subject naturally leads to a cursory retrospect of r �GENERAL VIEW. jU In 1792, the folio vviag. crimes the criminal laws of the state. wert punishable with death by the laws then existing murder, treason, rape, sodomy, burglary, arson, robbery, and forgery of In June, 1812, a bill was enacted by the public securities. ; making great alterations in this criminal code. By that and subsequent statutes, murder and treason only are made punishable by death, while other crimes, before considered capital, are now made punishable by imprisonment for life in the legislature, state prison ; for minor offences the term of confinement is pro- portionably shortened. History. —Under this head it will only be attempted to ex- some of the principal outlines of the history of this state. It will be observed that many of the events in the following chronology belong to this state only as an integral member hibit of the union. This territory was discovered in 1614, by Capt. John Smith, and received the name of New-Hampshire from Capt. Mason, the original patentee. 1623 In the spring of this year, — Edward and William Hilfrom London, with some other persons landed at Little Harbour, but not being satisfied with that place, they erected their stage eight miles higher up the river toward the N. W. on a neck of land which the Indians called Newichawaunat, which name was changed by the English to Northam, and afterwards to Dover. 1624 In the month of March of this year, Mr. Edward Winslow arrived at Plymouth in New-England. He conveyed with him in his ship three heifers and a bull, M'hich wer€ the first neat cattle ever brought into this country. 1627 Mr. Allerton of the Plymouth company went to England to procure a patent for a trading place on the Kenneton, fishmongers — — bec river, the planters at Piscataqu:- having threatened to obtain an exclusive patent for the 1629 —Some same ground. who were scattered over Massachusetts, wishing to make a settlement in the neighbourhood of the Piscataqua, and imitating the example of those of the planters Plymouth, who had purchased their lands of the Indians, (as they conscientiously thought this necessary to give them a just title) procured a general assembly of the Indians at at Swamscot Fails, (now Exeter) where a deed was obtained from four Sycamores. 1631 The whole plantation of New-Hampshire was this year divided into two parts. Capt. Thomas Wiggin was appointed agent for the upper and Capt. Walter Ncal for the fewer. The former of these divisions contained what is now — �GENERAL VIEW. 51 Durham, &c. and the latter contained Portsmouth, Rye, Newcastle, Newington, and a part of Greenland. A house was this year erected at Strawberry Bank, called the Great House. Humphrey Chadbourne had the care of the saw mills at the upper plantations the descendants of this man are to the present day persons of considerable cailtd Doverj : note. The proprietors this year sent over from England several pieces of cannon which they directed their agents to mount at some place most convenient for a fort. They accordingly stationed them on the northwest point of the great the mouth of the Piscataqua harbour, and island which lies at ground laid out the about a " bow shot" distance from the water side to a high rock, on which, it was concemplated to build the principal fort. 1632 During this year the coast was alarmed by reports of a pirate, one Dixy Bull, who with a company of fifteen, being employed in the Indian trade at the eastward, had taken several boats and dismantled the fort at Pemaquid Capt. Neal, collecting a small band, equipped four pinnaces and shallops from the Piscataqua and manned them with forty men, which w.is all the force that could be spared from the plantations ; this fleet, after uniting with a barge containing twenty men from Boston, sailed for Pemaquid, but were forced by contrary winds and bad weather to return without meeting with the enemy. This was the first naval armament equipped from New-Hampshire. The pirates having proceeded further eastward, arrived afterwards in England, where Bull met with his just punishment. — : 1633 — Neal and Wiggin joined in surveying their respective and in laying out the towns of Portsmouth and Northam, and another, which was afterwards called Hampton, although at this place no settlement had as yet been made. 1634 By this time Mason and Georges had become, either by purchase or common consent, the principal, if not the sole These gentlemen, perceiving that proprietors of this territory. as yet only five or six houses had been erected in both plantations, renewed their exertions and sent over a fresh supply of labourers and materials for carrying on the settlement. They appointed Francis Williams the first governor. He was a gentleman of sound sense and discretion, and so acceptable to the people, that when they afterwards united in a body politic, they unanimously continued him their ruler. A meeting house was this year erected at Dover Neck, which was the first edifice of the kind in New- Hampshire. 1635 Sir Ferdinand Georges and Capt. Mason, having bestowed upon these settlements more pains and expense than the other members of the grand council of Plymouth, and seeing uq plantations, — — �GENERAL VIEW. 52 | . prospect of any equivalent reward, fearing also from the great clamouv in England against monopolies, that they should soon be forced to resign their charter, entered this year upon a new project, which was to procure a general governor for the whole territory of New-England, to be immediately sent over, and to In this plak have jurisdiction from St. Croix to Maryland. however they did not succeed. 1636 This year one Burdet who had been a minister of Yarmouth in England, came over to Dover, and continued for some time in high estimation with the people, until by artful insinuations he excited such a jealousy against Wiggin, the gov-* ernor of the place, that they deprived the latter of his office and elected Burdet in his stead, who was in reality, a vicious and profane man. 1637 Several eminently pious persons this year removed inThat religious persecuto this colony from Massachusetts. tion was the cause of their removal, is evident not only from Mrs. Hutchinson, but it appears from other public proceedings, that inquisition had been enforced over their private opinions as well as over their declarations and conduct. Toleration in rulers, had been preached against as a sin, which would bring down the judgments of heaven upon the land. — — 1638 ment —This year John Wheelwright commenced his settle- Exeter. His followers immediately formed themselves into a church, and decreeing themselves beyond the jurisdiction of Massachusetts, they formed a separate political body, and made choice of Nicholas Needham, Isaac Grosse, and Thomas Wilson as their rulers for the first year. The laws were enacted by a popular assembly and formally sanctioned by the rulers. Treason against the country or the king, (who was styled the Lord's-anointed !) were made capital crimes, and sedition was punished by a fine of ten pounds. This association lasted about three years. At this time a settlement was formed at Winnecumet, which was afterwards called Hampton. The first house in this place was built by Nicholas Easton, and was called the bound-house, (See Hampton) Nicholas Easton afterwards removed to Rhode- Island, and ereotedthe first house Oxeh were at this time sold at Hampton for in Newport. twenty-five pounds sterling per head. This year was made memorable by a remarkable earthquake, which happened on the 2d day of June. Its approach was announced by a low rumbling noise, similar to that of distant thunder. Its passage was from the northward to the eastward. As the sound increased, the earth began to shake so violently as to drive people from the houses, nor could they stand without supporting themselves by posts and fences. About half an hour after this, another at �GENERAL VIEW. 53 shock commenced, was not so violent as the first, which was felt even a great distance at sea. 1639 This year Capt. John Underhill was mSlae governor As soon as he was fixed in authority, he proceeded at Dover. to gather a church, over which Hanserd KnoUeys was appointed minister. He was a baptist of the antinomian order, and Belike the governor his patron, was a man of bad character. fore the end of the year, Underhill was displaced and one Roberts was appointed in his stead. 1640 During this year the troubles at Dover increased. One Larkeham, a native of Lime in England, and formerly minister at Barnstead, came over possessing good talents as a preachOn this er, he eclipsed Knolleys and was chosen in his place. occasion a council was called, composed of Simon Broadstreet, Esq. of Boston, the celebrated Hugh Peters minister of Salem, and Timothy Dalton, minister of Hampton. They travelled on foot to Dover but did not succeed in effecting a permanent arrangement. Underhill, Knolleys, and Larkeham removed out of the colony. During all this period the people of Portsmouth, Dover, &c. had no right of self government delegated from the British crown, but finding the necessity of some more determinate form than they had as yet enjoyed, they combined themselves in separate bodicspolitic, after the example of their neighbours at ExThe inhabitants of Dover, by a written instrument, subeter. scribed by forty persons, agreed to submit to the laws of England and to such other regulations as should be formed by a majority of their number, until the pleasure of the king should be known. The date of a similar association at Portsmouth is not known. Mr. Hutchinson supposed the whole number of neat cattle in the colony of Massachusetts in 1640, to be 12,000, and the sheep about 4000, and he says, that " a cow, sold two years It is probaago for 30/. may now be purchased for 5 or 6/." ble that there were in New-Hampshire at this time, about 1200 neat cattle and 300 sheep. 1641 At this time, all the settlements by a voluntary act submitted to Massachusetts and were comprehended in the county of Norfolk, which extended from the Merrimack to the Piscataqua. By a subsequent order, a very extraordinary concession was made to the towns of Portsmouth and Dover, which indicated a strong anxiety on the part of the government to retain these towns under their controul. The test, which had been established by law, was dispensed with in their favour. Their freemen were allowed to vote in town affairs, and their deputies to sit in the general court, although they were not church members, (Sept. 28th») — — ; — �54 GENEKAL VIEW. — 1643 About this time, several persons at Boston were whipped, filled and banished for the crime of what was then called heresy. In this year also, Boston castle ^v^s built. The church at Boston refused the church at Exeter the privilege of settling a minister. Mr. Belknap remarks, that this stretch of power, which would now be regarded as an infringement of christian liberty, was then agreeable to most of the fathers of New- England. — 1645 An union having now been formed between the settlements on the Piscataqua and the colony of Massachusetts, their history for the succeeding forty years is of course in a great measure identified. In the year 1646, Mr. Winthrop was chosen governor, and Mr. Dudley, lieutenant governor. In 1647, an epidemic sickness passed through the continent. English, French, Dutch, and Indians were indiscriminately the victims of it. It was attended with a slight fever. Those, wh© resorted to bleeding or who used cooling medicines generally died. Its ravages extended to the West-Indies, where 5 or 6000 were destroyed by it. similar contagion has passed over the country at several successive periods. 1648 This year, Rhode-Island requested admission into the New- England confederacy, but she was not received. The first instance of an execution for witchcraft, was in June, 1748. Margaret Jones of Charlestown, was indicted as a witch, condemned and hung. She was charged with having such a malignant touch, that if she laid her hands upon any person in anger, the person was immediately seized with deafness, vomiting or some other violent affection. After the execution of this woman, her husband took passage for Barbadoes a ship which was well ballasted, and which had eighty horses on board. The vessel happening to roll on a sudden, in an alarming manner, an officer was ordered to apprehend this man and put him in confinement ; the ship was then said to roll no more. Such was the wonderful credulity and infatuation of that day. Happy would it have been for NewEngland if this had been the only specimen of those fol- A — m lies. 1649 — Early year died Gov. Winthrop, one of the faHe was succeeded by Endicot. Mi*. Dudley remained deputy gov^frnor. It is asserted by some writers, that when Gov. Winthrop was on his death-bed, he was solicited by Mr. Dudley to sign a warrant for the banishment of one of those persons then called heretics. Winthrop refused, and observed that " he had done too much of that work already." thers of in this New-England. �GENERAL VIEW. 55 In every age, many actions indifferent in their nature, have been regarded as sinful and been classed among the greatest The text in the Apostle's epistle to the Corinthienormities. ans against wearing loJig hair^ led our ancestors to suppose that They tbis of course must be a sin in all ages and nations. treated long hair therefore as one of the enormities. It is wonderful, that a certain text in Leviticus, " ye shall not round the corners of your head," was never urged the It was the regulation at this period custom of short hair. in NfW-England, that the hair should not be worn below the This regulation was enforced with peculiar rigour upon ears. clergymen. They were especially required to appear, '' patenfew years before this, the use of tobacco tibus auribus.'^ Some of the writers of was prohibited by a heavy penalty. that day compare the smoke of it to the smoke of the bottomIfss pit. Some of the clergymen however, yielded to the sin of smoking, and tobacco was accordingly set at liberty by an Beards as well as wigs were also act of the legislature. prohibited by authority. 1650 Capt. Wiggins and Edward Gibbens were added to the council, and Mr. Endicot was chosen governor for the It was years 1651 3, and Mr. Dudley, lieutenant governor. in this year, that the new District of Maine fell into the jurisdiction of Massachusetts. 1652 This year a mint was established in Boston for coinThe first pieces being shillings, six-pences, and three-pences. ing struck in 1652, the same date was continued upon all The court ordered, that all the money for thirty years after. coins should have a double ring, with the inscription of the word *' Massachusetts," with a tree in the centre on one side, and New-England and the date of the year on the other. No other colony in this country ever presumed to coin money. 1656 In this year, began, what is generally and properly fine of ten pounds termed, the persecution of the quakers. In was inflicted on any person, who harboured a quaker. October of this year, eleven of the sect, received sentence of banishment ; and the master of the ship, which brought th-^m from England, was required to bind himself with sureties to the amount of 500/. to carry them all out of the country. (See Hutch. Vol. .1 p. 97.) Mr. Hutchinson observes, that " he could not find what law they had for this." In this month also, an act passed imposing a fine of 100/. upon any master of a vessel, who should bring a quaker into the colony, and that if a quaker should arrive, he should be immediately sent to the house of correction, receive twenty stripes, and be confined to hard labour until he could be A — — — — A �GENERAL ^^EW. 56 At the next session, an act passed, by which ail transported. persons were liable to a fine of forty shillings for harbouring a quaker one hour. After the first conviction under this act, the offender, if a man, was to lose one ear, and upon the third conviction, the other ; if a woman, she was for each offence to be whipped^ and upon the fourth conviction, the offender, whether man or woman was to have the tongue bored through In May, 1658, a penalty was inflicted upon with a hot iron. every person, who should attend a quaker meeting. Under this act, a child only eleven years Jd, by the name of Pa- The imprisonment tience Scott, was tried and imprisoned. of such a child was as strange as any further severity would have been horrible. 1660 Two quakers, by the names of William Robertson and Marmaduke Stevenson, were executed on the 27th of OcSeveral persons were fined to the amount of 10/. for tober. entertaining quakers at their houses, and one man, of the name of Wharton, for pilotting them from one port to another, was ordered to receive twenty stripes. Several others were Bishop says, " they cut off executed, banished or whipped. the ears of Holden, Capeland, and Rouse in prison, and were whipped and banished upon pain of that others death." In this inquisitorial persecution, the clergy were the most The sufferings of the victims excited the compassion active.* of the people, many of whom resorted to the prisons by day and night, so that the keepers were forced to establish a constant guard to restrain them. Wendlock Christopherson among othThis man implored the court to coners was sentenced to die. sider, whether they gained any thing by the persecution. For the last man, said he, that was put to death, five rose up in his stead ; and although you have power to take my life, God can — same principles into ten more of his servants and send them among you, that you may have torment upon torment. This man was executed June 13th, 1660. Some of his May those persecuted companions were tried at Hampton. unhappy days never return, when men suppose they are doing God service by sporting with the lives of his children. 1662 On the 26th of January of this year, there were two shocks of an earthquake, and on the 28th a third. 1664 The people of New- England were this year alarmed by the appearance of a very large comet, which continued inspire the — — The pillory served George Fox for his pulpit. From this he harangued populace. Inflamed by his eloquence, they raised a mob and released him, and set in the same pillory a certain clergyman, who bad been instrumental in the imprisonment of Fox. * tlie �GENERAL VIEW. 5? to the 4th of February. When appeared in the east it was without its tail. This appendage however became visible when the comet was in the from the 17th of November, it first west. 1605—The of the anabaptists, found on reWilliam Turner, Thomas Gould, Edward Drinker, and several others were accused before the governor and magistrates of the crime of " gathering themselves into the form of a church, in opposition to the church of Christ established in the colony, and with intermeddling with those holy appointments of the L.ord Jesus, which belong only to office Several of these men were afterwards imprisoned and trust." cord, was first persecution in 1665. banished. In this case, like all others, the severity against the converts to it, and it was therefore thought expedient to desist from the persecution. These were not the first appearances of antipedo-baptism in the colony. Mr. Dunstan, the president of the college joined that profession, and was on that account expelled from his office. Mr. Chaney his successor believed in the necessity of immersion. In Mr. Hooker's time it appeared that the doctrine was gaining ground, and he expresses his belief that the converts to it would increase in number. 1666 In the course of this year the small-pox made its appearance in the colony. The commissioners, sent over this year by the king prevailed on some of the people of New-Hampshire to sign a petition and complaint to his m'tjesty of the wrongs they had suffered from Massachusetts in the usurpation of government, which that state had exercised over them. The inhabitants however, of Dover, Portsmouth, and Exeter, assembled in their town meetings, rejected this proposal and expressed their wish to be continued as they had. been for many years, a part of Massachusetts colony. 1669 New-Hampshire had now remained in a quiet and peaceable condition ever since the year 1641, and were heartily united in all their civil and religious concerns, with their sister colony. 1675 In September of this year the Indians made their first predatory incursion against New-Hampshire. They attacked the plantations on Piscataqua river, now constituting Durham, and here killed two men. This species of hostility continued till the year 1678, when a treaty was made with Squando and other chiefs at Durham. (For particulars of this sect made new — — — war see 1680 Durham.) —This year, a royal government was established in New-Hampshire by commission from Charles 2d. The comS , �GENERAL VIEW JiJ mission arrived at Portsmouth on the first day of January. John Cutts was appointed president for the first year, and Richard Martin, Willium Vaughn, Thomas Daniel of Portsmouth, John Gihnan of Exttter, Christopher Husscy of Hampton, and Richard Waldron of Dover, esquires, were appointed counselcode of laws was then established, the first of which lors. was of a character becoming freemen; and it provided, that " no act, imposition or ordinance should be made or imposed upon them but such as should be framed by the assembly, and approved by The president, council, and asthe president and council." sembly were constituted a supreme court of judicature. jury was called whenever desired by the parties. Inferior A A courts were established at Dover, Portsmouth, and Hampton. The military arrangement consisted of one foot company in each town, one company of artillery at the fort, and one troop all under the command of major Waldron. remarkable comet made its appearance in November of this year, and disappeared sometime in the next February. Another appeared in August and continued until September. From June, 1680, to April, 1681, there were entered at Portsmouth twenty-two ships, eighteen ketches, one shallop, In 1682, there were eleven six-pounders at and one fly-boat. the fort, and five more at the upper part of Portsmouth, not mounted, the property of private individuals. From 1680, to 1685, Edward Cranfield was governor and Walter Barefoot deputy governor. 1686 A general government was this year established by James 2d, over the whole territory, called New-England, Joseph Dudley was made first president. 1687 Sir Edmund Androse was afterwards appointed gorernor of New- England, but he was for some reason apprehended at Boston, and sent home a state prisoner. 1689 New-Hampshire by a voluntary act became agai» war with the united to Massachusetts under the old charter. French and Indians returned this year with all its horrors. On This the 27th of June, Dover was cut off and Waldron slain. war continued until 1693. 1692 The delusion of witchcraft at this time overspread a Large numbers were executed, large part of New-England. John Usher brought over the and many were imprisoned. commission of Samuel Allen as governor, and he officiated himself as lieutenant governor. 1699 Richard, Earl of Bellmont, governor of New- York and Massachusetts, this year opened his commission in NewHampshire, under whom William Partridge acted as lieutenant governor. of horse, A — — — — — A �GENERAL VIEW. 59 — 1700 New-Hampshire was required to furnish their quota of force to assist in the defence of New- York, in case of an invasion. This the people thought very unjust, as they had never received any assistance from that colony. 1701 In the course of this year Lord Bellmont died at NewYork, and Joseph Dudley was appointed governor. 1702* There were at this period, seven incorporated towns in New- Hampshire, and four ordained ministers. 1703 Louis 14th, proclaimed the pretender king of Great Britain, which circumstance rendered a war with France inevitable. King William died early in this year and Queen Anne succeeded him. The French and Indian war (commonly called Queen Anne's war) now commenced in New-England. On the 10th of August a body of French and Indians, consisting of five-hundred, separated themselves into several parties, attacked all the settlements from Cased to Wells, and either killed or captured 130 people. On their march they burned and ravaged every thing before them. On the 17th of the same month several people were killed at Hampton. 1704~This year Deerfield in Massachusetts was surprised by the French and Indians, who there killed 40 or 50persons, and took more than 100 prisoners. On the 25th of April several people were killed at Durham. 1705 There was in the course of this year a partial cessati#n of hostilities, and Queen Anne informed governor Dudley that she was projecting an expedition against Canada. The governor and council thought it therefore a good season to negociate the exchange and redemption of prisoners. The sumHtier was accordingly chiefly occupied in this business, and in repairing the fort on Great Island, and the line of pickets at Portsmouth. nightly parole was established along the shore from Portsmouth to Hampton to prevent any surprise by sea, as the coast was at this period infested by French privateers. 1706 In April of this year, the enemy appeared again in New-Hampshire, extending their work of bloodshed and destruction to the towns of Durham, Dunstable, Kingston, Exeter, Dover, &c. (See these towns in the Gazetteer.) — — — — A — * The whole number of inhabitants in the American mencement of this century was 262,000, viz. Massachosetts, Connecticut, Rhode-Island, - - - - - - - - - - New-Hampshire, N6w-York, - - - New-Jersey, - _ . colonies, the com- at 70,000 30,000 Pennsylvania, . . • - - 10,000 10,000 30,000 I5,00i Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, - - - ... - Maryland, . - .... i 20,000 25,000 40,000 5,000 7,000 �GENERAL 60 "VreW. — 170/ On the 15th of September of this year, the Indians committed some depredations at Exeter, and on the ITth, several persons were killed at Durham. 1708 At this time a large army was prepared at Canada and Ncw-H^mpshire against the frontiers of New-England A troop under was put in the best possible state of defence. the command of Capt. Coffin, patrokd from Kingston to CoNo checho, and scouts were continu dly kept on the lookout. important occurrence however touk place. 1/09 This year several persons were killed at Oyster river, Exeter, &c. (which see.) General Nicholson marched against the French and Indians as far as to a place called Wood Creek, but obtaining no assistance from England, and his men not being paid, for the two former years, his whole army was disbanded. 1710 An expedition (to which New-Hampshire contributed 100 men, under Col. Shadrach) was sent against Port-Royal. This place surrendered October 5ih, and was afterwards called Annapolis. Col. Winthrop Hilton was this year killed in that Some other perpart of Exeter, which is now called Epping. sons were killed in Exeter, Dover, and Kingston. — ; — — 1711 — The depredations of the Indians increased in audacity and violence. Another expedition was prepared against CanaEight transports were this year wrecked on da, which failed. Egg Island, in the river St. Lawrence, and a thousand people perished. — 1712 This year was remarkable for accumulated cruelties from the Indians. Many people were killed at Dover, Durham, Kingston, &c. 1713 Peace was now made between the colonies and the Indians, and ratified by their chiefs at Portsmouth, on the 15th Queen Anne died and George 1st was crowned. of July. Daring thfse Indian hostilities, which were called King Phillip's war, and which continued from 1675 to 1714, Massachusetts vv-Hampshire lost 6000 young men and male children, and including the killed and those who were made captive, without — N ever being recovered. 1714 -Governor Dudley was removed, and colonel Burgess appointed in his place. 1715 Governoi Burgess sold his commission, and Col. Samuel Shute was appointed his successor over both provinces. 1717 -A dispute happened between the governor and his council as to the best mode of defence against the French and Incti ms. Tne greatest snow ever known in New-England fell in the latter part of April of this year. It was so deep, that people — — — �GEISERAL VIEW. <vrere <51 obliged to walk from their chamber windows. It was said to be eight feet on a level, and has ever since been called the ^reat snow. 1722 governor and — John Wentworth was appointed against the A declaration of war mander in chief. all com- hostile tribes of Indians was published at Portsmouth and Boston, and a bounty of 100/. was offered for every Indian scalp. This, whidh was called Lovell's war, was bloody and distressing, and continued until December 15th, 1725, at which time articles of peace were signed at Falmouth. 1726 From this date, New-England enjoyed a long and prosperous peace. Massachusetts granted to certain persons Pennacook, now called Concord. 1727 This example was followed by New-Hampshire, and grants were made of Epsom, Chichester, Barnstead, Canterbury, Gilmanton, and Bow. This year was remarkable for a violent and extensive earthquake which commenced on the 29th of October, A.M. It was announced by a loud and alarming noise this increased until the shaking began, which continued about three minutes. Cellar walls were broken in, and chimneys were thrown down, but no houses were destroyed. Smaller shocks were felt for several months afterward. On the 10th of June, George 1st died, and on the 27th, George 2d was proclaimed, 1728 William Burnet was appointed governor of Massachusetts and New-Hampshire, and he was succeeded by Mr. — — ; — Belcher. — 1734 On this year New-Hampshire was erected into a separate government. Boundary lines were run and established, but all disputes on this subject were not finally adjusted un; 1741. til 1735 — During this year New-England was visited by a de- and very extensive epidemic, called the throat-distemthroat swelled, white or ash coloured specks appeared in the fauces, and an efflorescence on the skin, accompanied by a general debility and a strong tendency to putridity. structive per. The ravages commenced in May, 1735, at Kingston, N. HJ In the; first victim was a child, who died in three days. course of a week it appeared at a place four miles distant, where three children died on the third day. Of the first forty who were seized net one recovered. At Exeter it destroyed 114 persons; at Hampton Falls 20 families buried all their Its The children. In the province of ftfteen towns, it New-Hampshire alone, which had only carried off 1000 people, of whom 900 were un- �GENERAL <52 VIEVV^. der the age of 21. The same disorder has made its appearance in this state at several subsequent periods. (For particulars sec the towns.) — 1741 Benning Wentworth was appointe'd governor of the province. There was no lieutenant governor for a period of twenty-five years. About this time an extraordinary religious conversion took place in the province, which was for the most part, owing t» the arrival of the Rev. George Whitefield, and other celebrated, pulpit orators. 1745 On the 17th of May of this year Louisburg was taken. This was a severe loss to the French and inflamed them to obtain retribution. The amount of New-Hampshire troops engaged in this expedition was about 500 men. In July the Indians made their appearance at Fort Dummer, and at the great meadows near Westmoreland. (See Hinsdale.) 1755 Hostilities continued and New-Hampshire raised 500 men under Col. Joseph Blanchard for an expedition against Crown Point. This regiment was stationed at Fort Edwards, and on the eighth of September, it was attacked by a body of French regulars. The enemy was beaten off with severe loss, and on their retreat they were met by Capt. Nathaniel Folsom, who had been on a scouting expedition, and was nov.^ returning. Capt. Folsom stationed his men among the trees and kept up a well directed fire until night, at which time the enemy retired with loss, and Folsom returned to the camp. short time after this, another regiment was raised in New-Hampshire, and put under the command of Capt. Peter Oilman of Exeter. These men were as active and persevering as their brethren, although they had not such favourable opportunities of exhibiting their •ourage. The expedition was given up and late in the fall the soldiers were disbanded and sent home. These designs against Crown Point incited the Indians to new projects of depredations on the frontier of New-Hampshire. This year was memorable also for an earthquake, which happened on the eighteenth day of November, about four in the morning. Smaller shocks were felt for about a fortnight after. The soldiers of New- Hampshire were so well qualified for every service which required alertness, and so familiarized to fatigue and danger, that, by the express desire of lord Loudon, three ranging companies were formed of them, who continued in service throughout winter and summer. The command of them was given to Robert Rogers, John Stark, and William Stark. 1757 Another expedition against Cro^vn Point was planned by lord Loudon, and New-Hampshire on this occasion raised — , — A — �GENERAL VIEW 6 two regiments, under Cols. Meserve and GofF. The latter regiment was captured at Fort William, and eighty of the men were massacred by the Indians. A reinforcement of 250 soldiers was raised, and entrusted to major Thomas Tash, who was stationed at No. 4, (now called Charlestown.) 1758 Another unsuccessful campaign marked this year. The frontiers of the province were severely harassed by the InNew-Hampshire made a new contribution of 1000 dians. — men towards the reduction of Crown Point, Ticonderoga, &c. This force was entrusted to Col.Zaccheus Lovell, son ofthfcelebrated partisan who was killed at Pigwacket. The victories of this year were splendid indeed, Niagai'a, Ticonderoga, Crown Point, and Quebec surrendered to the English. 1760 This year New-Hampshire raised 800 men and placed them under the command of Col. John Goff.* This regiment marched to Montreal, where they were reinforced by Col. Haviland. With this year the war ended, and George 3d was now proclaimed king. 1761 The ability which the American colonies had displayed throughout the war, inspired the British parliament with a spirit of jealousy against them, which discovered itself before the declaration of peace. This year and the year after were remarkable for severe droughts. John Temple- was appointed lieutenant governor but nerer officiated. About 60 townships were laid out during this and the last year, some oh the cast and some on the west side of the Connecticut ri^er. 1763 From this year may be dated the flourishing condition of New- Hampshire. Population and cultivation progressed with unprecedented rapidity. 1765 The stamp-act which passed this year, roused t'ae indignation of New-England. Every method was used to inform and excite the people on this subject. At Portsmouth coffin was carried about, on the lid the bells were tolled. of which was inscribed " Liberty aged 145." procession was formed and moved with muffled drums, minute guns were fired, and an oration pronounced at the grave. The coffin was afterwards taken up, signs of life were discovered in the corps. The inscription "liberty revived" was substituted, the bells struck a cheerful peal, and joy reillumined every countenance ; the whole was conducted with decency and or- — — — — A A der. — 1766 The obnoxious act was repealed on the 19th of March of this year, but such was the infatuation of the parliament, and the chagrin of the authors of the act, that they framed * The population of New-Hampshire was at this time 34,000. �GENERAL 64 VITAV. another, imposing heavier duties on trade, under the specious pretence of raising a revenue for the support of the provin- governments. 1767 John Wentworth was appointed deputy governor of N<w- Hampshire, and surveyor of the king's forests in North America. The act above alluded to was a duty on paper, glass, tea, and painters' colours. A board of commissioners and a court of a'Jmiralty were also established vith unlimited powers. The colonies were unanimous in jtheir opposition to the revenue act, ind they employed every expedient to interrupt the royal Three of the officets in the execution of their business. commissioners escaped from the populace with the hazard of their lives, and others sought refuge in the forts. 1770 Authentic information was received, that the revenue act was so far repealed, as to take off all the obnoxious duThis gave ties tixcept that of three pence per pound on tea. no sqtisfaction to the colonies they considered the principle Oa of that small tax as dangerous as that of a larger one. The the 5|h of March the work of bloodshed commenced. king's soldiers stationed in Boston fired upon the inhabitants, killed three and wounded five more. Governor Benning Wentworth died and was succeed1771 ed by his nephew John Wentworth. 1^74 General Gage arrived at Boston with a large force of British troops, and the town of Boston was blockaded. The general assembly of New-Hampshire, at their meeting in the spripg, in conformity to the example of similar bodies in the other colonies, appointed a committee of correspondence, and transmitted letters to all towns in the province, requesting them to send deputies to a general convention at Exeter, where delEighty-five egates were to be chosen for a general congress. deputies assembled at Exeter, where they chose Nathaniel Folsom and John Sullivan, esquires, to attend the proposed congress to be holden the next September at Philadelphia. An order having been passed by the king in council prohibiting the exportation to America of gun-powder and other military stores, a copy of it was brought by express to Portsmouth a* the moment when a ship was daily expected from Boston with a party of troops to take possession of Fort William and Mary at the entrance of the harbour. The committee of Portsmouth, with all possible despatch, collected a company from that and the neighbouring towns, and before the governor had any suspicirtn of their intentions they proceeded to Newcastle and attacked the fort. The whole garrison (consisting of five men besides the Capt.) were captured, and one hundred cial — — ; — — �GENERAL VIEW. 65 gunpowder were carried off. Another party reof the lightest cannon and all the small arms, beMaj. John Sullivan and C -pt. sides some military stores. John Langdcn signalized themselves as the leaders of this affair. The next day the Scarborough frigate and Cansean sloop of war, with several companies of soldiers, took possession of the fort and of the heavy cannon which had not been re- barrels of moved fifteen moved. — 1775 On the 25th of January a second convention of depuassembled at Exeter to consult on the existing affairs, and ties to appoint delegates to the nt- xt general congress to be held at Philadelphia on the 18th of May. Maj. Sullivan and Capt. Langdon were chosen. At this time every thing bore the appearance of war, but no actual blow was struck until the 19th of April. On this memorable day an armed British force marched from Boston Meeting here with some hostile treatment from to Lexington. a few Americans in arms, they unsheathed the sword and shed the first blood of the revolutionary contest. On the alarm of this event, the people of New-Hampshire flew to arms, and to party of Americans atthe assistance of their brethren. tacked a battery on Jersey's Point on Great Island and carried off eight pieces of cannon, some of which were twenty-four and others thirty-two pounders, all which they brought to Ports* mouth. Governor Wentworth finding his authority disregarded and his person insulted, retired to the fort. On the second meeting of the assembly he sent a message to them and adjourned them to the 28th of September ; they A however never met after that. He remained in the fort under the protection of the Scarborough and another ship of war until all the cannon were taken on board : he then sailed for BosIn September he stationed himself on the Isle of Shoals, ton. and at that place issued a proclamation adjourning the ass'cmThis was the last act of his adminisbly to the next April. tration and his last visit to the province. Thus terminated the British government in New-Hampshire where it had existed ninety-five years. On the first alarm of hostilities about twelve hundred men marched from the adjacent parts of New-Hampshire to the assistance of their fellow citizens near Boston, who had already taken arms. pcjrt of this number returned immediately, the remainder formed themselves into two regiments under the authority of the Massachusetts convention. On the first meeting of the Provincial Assembly of New-Ham.pshire, it was voted to raise and equip two thousand men, to be formed into three regiments, which were to be under the command of col9 A �GENERAL VIEW. 66 John Stark, James Read, and John Poor. The two forpresent at the memorable battle of Bunker Hill, where they were posted on the left behind a fence here they sorely galled the advancing bodies of the British, and cut down whole ranks of them. In their retreat they lost several of the number, among whom was the gallant Maj. Andrew M'Clary, who was killed by a cannon shot after he had passed the isthonels, mer were ; mus of Charlestown. After this time brigadier-general Sullivan Forts were soon commanded the New-Hampshire troops. erected on the points of two islands which form a narrow chanOne of two miles below the town of Portsmouth. these was called Fort Sullivan and the other Fort Washington. company of artillery was stationed on duty here, and a company of rangers was posted on Connecticut river. Besides these two companies more were raised to be under the immediate orders of the committee of safety. The whole militia of the state was divided into two regiments ; the field officers were to be appointed by the convention, and the inferior officers to be elected by the companies ; out of the militia were selected lour regiments of minute men who were constantly trained to military duty. In the next winter when the Connecticut regiments withdrew from the camp, their term of service having expired, six companies, each containing 61 men, were sent to supply their place until the British evacuated Boston. temporary government was established in New1776 Hampshire, to continue during the war, consisting of a house of representatives and a council of twelve, with the addition of an executive committee to act in the recess of the legislaThe number of this committee varied from six to sixteen. ture. The president of the council was also president of the execuTo this office was cajjed the Hon. Meshech tive committee. Weare, a man of experience, talents, and fidelity. He was alSo unbounded so appointed chief justice of the superior court* was the public confidence in this gentleman that no hesitation was felt to invest him at once with all authority, legislative, execnel about A —A and judicial, in which he was continued by-annual elecFor the service of this year two throughout the war. thousand men were raised and organized under the officers of the preceding year. Three hundred men were stationed in the forts ; and supplies of fire arms and ammunition were regiment was raissent to the western parts of the state. ed in that quarter and placed under the command of colonel Timothy Bedel, with orders to be prepared for a march to Canada. These three regiments marched with Gen. Washington to New- York, thence they were ordered up the Hudson utive, tions A �GENERAL VIEW. 67 and down the lakes into Canada, under the command of (ien. Sullivan, who met at the mouth of the river Sort! the American army retreating from Quebec. Here Gen. Sullivan took the command of the whole, and finding the retreat unavoidable on account of the small-pox among the New-Hamp^ he conducted this movement with great skill and shire troops prudence. Not only the small-pox but the dysentary, and putrid fever raged among our troops, and it was computed that out of the New-Hampshire regiments nearly one third were carried off this year by sickness. When all apprehensions of an attack on Ticonderoga were over for the season, the surviving part of the New- Hampshire troops marched by the way of the Minisinks into Pennsylvania, where they aided Gen. Washington in the glorious capture of the Hessians at Trenton, and were also with him at the victorious battle of Princeton. 1777 Over the army which was raised this year the officers were appointed by congress, and the men were enlisted for that term or during three years. The New-Hampshire regiments were commanded by colonels Joseph Cilley, Nathan Hale, and Alexander Scammel. These troops were supplied with new French arms, and their rendezvous was appointed at Ticonderoga. The whole body was to be under the immediate command of Brig. Gen. Poor. They remained at Ticonderoga until the approach of the British army under Gen. Burgoyne rendered it expedient to abandon the post. Col. Hale's regiment was ordered to cover the rear of the invalids, on which account he was several miles behind the main body. The next morning after the march commenced, he was attacked by an advanced part of the enemy at Hubbardston. In this engagement major Titcomb was wounded Col.Hale, captains Robertson, Carr, and Norris, and adjutant Elliot with some other officers, and about 100 men were made prisoners. The main army continued their retreat to Saratoga. At Fort Ann they had a skirmish with the enemy, in which captain Weare was mortally wounded. When the intelligence of this retreat reached New-Hampshire, the assembly had finished their spring session and had separated. An immediate summons from the executive committee reassembled them, and in a short sitting of three days they organized the most effectual means for common defence. They formed the militia of the state into two brigades, the first of which they entrusted to the command of William Whipple, and the second ta John Stark. One fourth part of Stark''s brigade and one fourth of three regiments of the other brigade, were immediately despatched under the command of Stark, to arrest the progress of the enemy against our western frontiers. ; — ; �" GENKllAI- VIEW. 68 of the militia were instructed to take away the those persons who scrupled or declined assisting in And a day oi public fasting and the defence of the country. The officers arms of .til prayer wis appointed which was observed with devotion and solemnity. The above mentioned appointment of Stark with the pay of a brigadier-general in the continental armv wus peculiarly satisfictory to the public and not unpleasant to his own feelings. In the arrangement of the general officers the preceding year, a junior officer had been promoted while Stark was neglected. He had written to congress on the sut)j;xt, but his letters were He therefore left the army and suffered to lie on the table. returned home, he was now by the unanimous voice of his fellow citizms, invested with a separate and honourable command, and the orders he receiv^-'d were these, " to repair to Charleston on Connecticut riv-r, there to consult with a committee of the New-Hampsliire grams, (now Vermont) and to act in conjunction with, the troops of that new state or any other of the states, or of the United States, or separately, as it should appear to him most expedient for the protection of the people and In a few days he proceeded to the annoyance of the enemy." Charleston, and as soon as his men arrived, he sent them forward to join the forces of the new state, under Col. Warner, who had stationed himself at Manchester, twenty miles north At this place Stark joined him, and here he of Bennington. met Gen. Lincoln, who had been despatched from Stillwater by Gen. Schuyler (commander of the northern department) to conduct the militia to the west side of the Hudson river. Stark informed him of his orders and of the dangers which the peoHe further observed, that he ple of the grants apprehended. had consulted with the committee, and that if he (Stark) joined the continental army and left them exposed, the people were resolved to retire to the east side of Connecticut river and thus He therefore expressed kis leave New-H.impshire a frontier. dtt- rmmation to remain on the enemy's flank, and watch his H:' accord ngly mustered his forces at Bennington motions. uichester. report of this deterand Itft Co;. W.rn.r it The orders, upon mination w s tr.insmitted to Congress. which it was found-rd, were there disapproved, but the wisdom of them was Jtiestrd by subsequent events. Gen. Burgoyne, with the main body of the British army, was now at Fort Edward. From that station he despatched Lieut. C')l. Bum, with about 1500 of his G.;rm »n troops and 100 Indians to spread themselves over the Grants as far as Connecticut river, with orders to collect horses and cattle for the use of the army and to return immediately with their booty. I M A �GENERAL VIEW. 69 The Indians, who preceded this attachment, were discoverStark despatched Col. ed about 12 miles from Bennington. Gregg with a body of 200 to arrest their progress. On the evening of that day he was informed, that a body of regular troops with a train of artillery was in full march for BenningThe next morning he advanced with his whole brigade ton. and some militia from the Grants, to the support of Gregg, who found, himself unable to cope with the superior force of the enemy. Having marched about a mile, he met Gregg retreating and the main body of the enemy within a mile of his rear. On discovering the approach of Stark's column, Gregg halted on an advantageous position and drew up hjs men in full view on the eminence, but could not bring them to an engagement. He then fell back about a mile and encamped, leaving a small party to skirmish with the advance, who killed thirty of the enemy besides two of the Indian chiefs. The next day was rainy. Stark kept his position and sent Many of the Indians improvout parties to harass the enemy. ed this opportunity to desert, declaring that the woods were full of Yankees. On the following morning Stark was reinforced by a militia company from the Grants, and by another from the county of Berkshire in Massachusetts. This raised his force He despatched Col.Nichols with 250 men to the to 1600 men. rear of the enemy's left wing ; and Col. Hendrick with 300 to the rear of their right ; and stationed 300 to oppose their front and keep them in play. Then ordering colonels Hubbard and Stickney with 200 men to attack their right wing, and 100 more to reinforce Nichols in the n^ar of their left the attack commenced on that point precisely at three o'clock in the afterIt was immediately followed up by the other detachnoon. ments, Stark himself advancing with the main body. The engagement continued two hours, by which time he had forced the enemy's line and breast-works, taken two pieces of brass cannon and a number of prisoners, and had compelled the remnant to retreat. Just at this moment he was informed that another body of the enemy was within two miles of him. This was a reinforcement for which Baum had sent when he first knew the amount of the force he was to oppose. It was commanded by Col. Breyman. Fortunately Warner's regiment from Manchester met them and arrested their march. Stark rallied and renewed the action and it was warm and desperate. He employed with great effect the cannon he had captured, and at sunset compelled the enemy to retreat. H^ pursued them until night, at which time he halted to prevent his men from injuring each other in the dark. Stark took in this action two pther piedes of cannon, together with all the enemy's baggage, ; �GENERAL VIEW. 70 waggons, and horses, and found that they had left on the field 226 dead. Their commander Baum was taken prisoner, and soon after died of his wounds. Besides him 33 officers, and more than 700 privates were taken. Out of Stark's brigade four officers and ten privates were killed and 42 wounded. In the account of this battle which Stark transmitted to the Nt w-Hampshire committee he said, " our people behaved with the greatest spirit and bravery imaginable, and had every man been an Alexander or a Charles of Sweden, they could not have behaved better." Congress heard of this victory only from common report. After waiting sometime in expectation of letters, inquiry was made why Stark had not written to congress as well as to his own state. He answered that his cor* respondence with them had closed as they had not attended to his last letters. They immediately took the hint, and although they had but a few days before resolved, that the instructions under which he had acted were destructive of military subordination, yet they presented their thanks to him and to the officers and troops under his command and promoted him The to the rank of brigadier-general in the continental army. northern army was now reinforced by the militia of the neighbouring states. Brig. Gen. Whipple marched with most of his brigade, in addition to which, volunteers in abundance flocked Two desperate battles were to the army under general Gates. fought, one at Stillwater and the other at Saratoga, in both of which, the troops from New-Hampshire had a large share of the honour gained by the American army. In the former action two lieutenant-colonels, Adams and Colburn, and lieutenant Thomas were among the slain and in the latter, lieutenant-colonel Conner and lieutenant M'Clary were killed with a great number of their men. The consequence of these repeated victories was the surrender of Burgoyne's army. After this great object was attained, the New-Hampshire regiments performed a march of forty miles and forded the Mohawk rivThe object er below the falls, in the space of fourteen hours. of this rapid movement was to arrest the progress of a British detachment under general Clinton, who threatened Albany with the same devastation which he had extended over the counj try below, but hearing the fate of etly to Burgoyne he returned qui- New- York. The American army then marched into Pennsylvania and huts at Valley Forge. In addition to those officers from New-Hampshire, who were killed at the passed the winter in northward, we lost also Maj. Edward Sherburn, who was slain After the in a daring but unsuccessful action at Germanton. capture of Burgoyne, all danger of a Canadian invasion ceased, �GENERAL VIEW. 71 and the theatre of war was removed to the southward. The troops from New-Hampshire now formed into a distinct brigade, had their full share of the common dangers and sufferings of the army. At the battle of Monmouth, a part of them were closely engaged under the command of colonel Cilley and lieutenant-colonel Dearborn, and they behaved in such a manner, as to merit the commendation of the illustrious WashingThey continued with the main army all that spring, and ton. were stationed at Reading during the ensuing winter. In the summer of 1778, when the French fleet appeared on our coast, with the intention to aid us in our struggles with Great Britain, an invasion of Rhode Island, then in possession of the British was projected, and general Sullivan was appointed to conduct it. Detachments of militia and volunteers irovti Massachusetts and New-Hampshire formed a part of his troops: but a violent storm having prevented the co-operation of the French and driven them to sea, the army, after a few skirmishes, were under the mortifying necessity of quitting the IslThe retreat was conducted by general Sullivan with and. great skill and prudence. 1779 An expedition into the Indian country being determined on, general Sullivan was appointed to the command, and the New-Hampshire brigade made part of his forces. His rout was up tjbe Susquehanna in the country of the Seneca's, a track imperfectly known, and into which no troops had ever penThe order of his march was planned with great etrated. judgment and executed with much regularity and perseverance. In several engagements wifeh the savages, the troops from NewHampshire behaved with a characteristic intrepidity. The provisions of the detachment falling short before the object of the expedition was cowipleted, the troops generously consented to subsist on such food, as could be found in the Indian counAfter their return, they were re-united to the main artry. my and passed a third winter in huts at Newtown in Connecti- — cut. On the close of this year Sullivan resigned his command and retired. 1780 This year the New-Hampshire troops were stationed at the important post of West-Point, and afterwards marched into New- Jersey, where general Poor died. Three of its regiments were employed in the service of this year. The fourth winter was passed in cantonments of huts at a place called Soldier's Fortune near Hudson river. At the close of the year the New-Hampshire force was reduced to two regiments and were commanded by colonels Scammel and Reid. It was on the 21st of September this year, that the treason and desertioa — �GENERAL VIEW. 7'2 of Arnold were discovered, which event was followed by the capture and execution of major Andre, the British spy. 1781 This year a part of our troops remained at NewYork, and the other division marched to Virginia and were It was at this time, that present at the defeat of Cornwallis. the brave and enterprising colonel Scammcllost his life. 1782 During the winter of this year the first New-Hampshire regiment, commanded by lieutenant-colonel Dearborn, was quartered at Saratoga, and the second, on the Mohawk river. They kept these stations until the close of the ensuing year, at which time the approaches of peace began to relax In the course of a few months, the tTie opf-rations of war. — — negociations resulted in a treaty, and we were acknowledged " free and independent states" from that throne, which had till then pronounced us " revolted su!>jects." The America, a seventy-four gun ship, built at Portsmouth, by order of congress, was launched on the 5th of November of this year. This was the first line of battle ship ever built in this country. It was presented to the king of France. 1783 On the 31st of October of this year the civil constitution of New-Hampshire went into operation and continued until 1792. small shock of an earthquake was felt on the 29th — A of November. — Meshech Weare was 1784 1 785 elected president of this state. president. During this year for redress of the paper money —John Langdon was chosen there was much popular clamour grievances. — 1786 John Sullivan was made president. This year was rendered memorable by an insurrection in New-Hampshire, the object of which was (says Belknap) to force the legislature into a paper money system. On the 20th of S-*ptember, about 200 mc;n equipped in various modes, surrounded the general court then convened at Ex: ter, and held that honourable body prisoners sevf ral hours. But the citizens of the towns immediately ros^ in arms and crushed the insurrection in its birth. 1787 President Sullivan continued in offi-e. The tumult of insurrection was not confined to New-Hampshire. It appeared in I'older forms in several of the neighbouring states. It was ascert;iined, th:it the existing Confederacy was insufficient. deleguou therefore from the several states, comprising much learning, talents, and virtue, convened at Philadelphia for the purpose of framing a federal constitution. This convention appointed general Washington as their president, and after four months uninterrupted attention to the subject,during which period all the jarring interests of the states were thoroughly canvassed, they voted to recommend a plan of federal government to the — A �GENERAL VIEW. 73 The delegates from New-Hampshire were John Langdon and Nicholas Oilman. 1788 The new constitution was published and offered to the It was adopted in several states for their formal acceptance. New-Hampshire June the 21sE of this year, by the general court States. — Concord. 1789 General Washington was elected president of the United States, and John Sullivan president of New-Hampat — dhire. 1790 Bartlett —Josiah the U. of The revenue was chosen president of this state. was ^4,77/',120, and the S. for this year expenditure ^3,797,436. 1791 Josiah Bartlett was chosen governor under the new — Piscat1794—John Taylor Gilman was elected governor, year. aqua bridge was 1795 — John Taylor Gilman was again elected governor, and 1805. by annual election continued 1797— John Adams was chosen president of the United and Thomas Jefferson vice president. The exports constitution. built this until in office States, of the United States now amounted to S5 7,000,000, and the revenue of the post-office amounted to S46,000. The mails of the United States are carried over 1,430,085 miles, in which space there are upwards of four hundred post-offices. 1798 This year congress passed an act authorizing the president to raise and equip a provisional army, and an act more effectually to protect the commerce and coasts of the United States against French depredations. 1799 Thomas Truxton commander of the U. S. Frigate The Constellation captured the French Frigate Insurgent. whole American navy consisted at this time of forty-two vessels carrying 950 guns. 1800 The cow-pox was introduced into America this year. There were now belonging to Portsmouth 28 ships, 47 brigs, 10 schooners, and 2 sloops employed in foreign commerce. Of the above vessels 17 of the largest were built in the course of There were also twenty coasters, and more than this year. that number of fishing vessels. 1801 Thomas Jefferson was elected president of the United The exports of the States, and Aaron Burr vice-president. United States amounted this year to more than ninety millions '^ of dollars. 1802 Merino sTieep Were introduced into this country byfire broke out in Portsmouth and Col. David Humphreys. destroyed about one hundred buildings* — — — — — A le �GENERAL VIEW. 74 1803— The Middlesex canal by which the waters of the Merrimack are carried to Charlestown was completed this year. 1805 John Langdon was chosen governor of this state. Thomas Jefferson president of the United States, and George — Clinton vice-president. 1806 June 16th of this year was — made memorable by the which probably ever happened. To many parts of New-England the sun was totally obscured The scene was at once beautiful and subfor several minutes. lime, and yet not to be contemplated without a feeling of dread. The sky was unusually serene, not a leaf was in motion. Immediately before the extreme darkness all nature seemed vergThe animals felt the change ing to a state of gloomy repose. But as the obscuraand hastened to their nocturnal retreats. most remarkable solar eclipse tion gradually left the sun, the quick reanimation of every thing was proportionably delightful, — 1807 Bonaparte, by one of his decrees, pronounced every neutral vessel denationalized and liable to capture, which had submitted to be searched by an English cruiser or had touched This was a prelude to the late war. at an English port. Great Britain soon issued her orders, condemning to seizure all our vessels bound to any of the continental ports except those of Sweden. — — 808 This year was the era of the general embargo. 1809 Jeremiah Smith elected governor This year the embargo was removed. 1810 John Langdon elected governor. On the 22d of November was issued the United States* proclamation interdicting commercial intercourse with Great Britain. Congress 1812 William Plumer was elected governor. voted to organize for the useof the government 100,000 militia, and apportioned the quota of each state. On the 18th of June of this year war was declared by the On the 1st of July the United States with Great Britain. on the 8th of that month Sandwich double duty bill passed m Upper Canada was taken by general Hull. On the 16th general Hull surrendered the American army to the British general Brock. On the 1 9th of August the British frigate Guerriere was sunk by the United States' frigate Constitution under commodore 1 — — — ; — kHuII. On the 1 7th of October the United States' sloop of war Wasp captured the Frolic, and both of them were taken by the English seventy-four, Poictiers. On the 25th of October the British frigate Macedonian surrendered to the American frigate United States. �GENERAL VIEW. 76 On the 29th of December the British frigate Java was destroyed by the United States' ship Constitution. 1813— John Taylor Oilman was elected governor of this state. On the 22d of January general Winchester surrendered to the British general Proctor at Frenchtown. On the 13th of February the British sloop of war Peacock was destroyed by the American sloop Hornet. On the 27th of April, York in Upper Canada waa taken by our troops, and general Pike killed. On the 1st of June the United States' frigate Chesapeake was taken bv the Shannon, and captain Lawrence was mortally wounded. On the 1st of August the British were defeated at Lower Sandusky by general Harrison. On the 5th of September the British brig Boxer was captured by the United States' brig Enterprise. Botli commanders were killed and were buried at Portland with the honours of war. On the 10th the whole British fleet on Lake Erie was captured by commodore O. H. Perry. On the 27th general Harrison's army took possession of Maiden. On the 11th of November a division of general Wilkinson's army, under generals Boyd and Covington attacked the British General Covington was mortally wounded, at Williamsburgh. and the American troops recrossed the St. Lawrence, and went into winter quarters at French Mills. On the 22d of December of this year there was another extensive fire at Portsmouth. 1814— On the 22d of March 1200 men under colonel Clark marched from Vermont, took a piquet guard and returned to Burlington. On the 1st of September the British took possession of CasOn the 11th the whole British fleet on Lake Champlain tine. was captured by the American commodore M'Donough. On the same day the British array under general Prevost was defeated with great slaughter at Plattsburgh. On the 1st of October the U. S. ship Washington of 74*guns was launched at Portsmouth. On the 24th the British ship James, prize to the American privateer Portsmouth arrived at Portsmouth. The invoice of her cargo in England was one hundred thousand pounds sterling. At this time about 3000 drafted militia were stationed at Portsmouth for the protection of the town and harbour. The commander in chief Gov. Oilman, took his quarters there in person. �GENERAL VIEW. re On the 27th of November, a severe shock of an earthquake about 7 o*clock in the evening. In December of this year a direct tax of S6,000,000 was imposed by congress, of which !S 193,586 was apportioned to New- was felt Hampshire. The spotted fever at this time raged very extensively in ma- ny parts of the — About 400 soldiers had enlisted in this February and had joined the western army. state. state since the last 1815 Jan. 15th. The U. S. frigate President was captured by a division of the British fleet. On the 9th of this month a decisive victory was obtained at New-Orleans by the American troops under general Jackson. The British lost 700 men killed and 1400 wounded, and 600prisoners. Gen. Packenham their commander was killed, and two The loss on our side other generals were mortally wounded. was only 8 killed and 9 wounded. On the 18th of February the treaty of peace was ratified by the U. S. senate and signed by the president. It was published at Portsmouth on the morning of the 23d. On the 27th of June a boat arrived at Concord, New-Hampshire, from Boston by the way of Middlesex canal in three and a To the enterprise and perseverance of John L. Sullihalf days. van, Esq. is New-Hampshire indebted for the great and permanent benefits, which must arise from the unobstructed navigation of the Merrimack. During the revolutionary war New-Hampshire furnished about 14,000 men, 4000 of whom perished either in battle, or by Of the amount of troops supplied by this state in the sickness. late war, or of the number lost, no correct estimate has yet been made. �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. PART A II. TOPOGBAPHICAI. DeSCKIFTION OF lACH COUITTT, ToWN, OK ToWNSHIP, ANW liOState and also of its Lakes, Rivers, Ponds, and Mountains, t^ATiow IN THE ; together with many other subjects of useful and simitak detail Alphabetically arhangxd. AcwoRTH, a post-township of Cheshire county, bounded on the N. by Unity, E. by Lempster, S. by Alstead and Marlow, W. by Charleston and Langdon, containing 24,846 aIt was incorporated in cres. 1776, and has 1523 inhabitants. Cold-pond, extending about a mile on the line of Unity, from 60 to 100 rods in width, and MitcheWs pond, 120 rods long and 80 wide, are its only ponds Cold river takes its of note. Tise and name from one of the above mentioned pools in N.E. corner of this town. the Ac- worth has two religious societies ; 1 meeting-house for the — alii Charleston turnpike road Acworth passes through here. is 73 miles N. W. by W. from pel. Portsmouth. Adams, a township of Coos county, situated on the E. side of the White Mountains ; bounded N. by unlocated lands, E. by Chatham, S. by Bartlett, and W. by said mountains, containing 31,968 acres of land and In 1800, its population in 1810, 250 souls. Two branches of Ellis' river pass through this town, coming from the N. and uniting on its S. border near Spruce mounwater. was I80,and tain so called. Mountain-pond congregational order, 1 grainmill, 5 saw-mills, 2 mills for dressing cloth, 2 carding machines, and 1 trading Itore. brook crosses the S. E. corner of Adams, taking its rise from a pool in Chatham, and falling into Saco river in the town of Rev. Thomas Archibald Bartlett. was settled in the ministry here in 1789. Rev. Phinehas Cook is the present minister of the gos- Black, Boldface, and its three It has 1 elevations of note. grain and 2 saw-mills. Thorn mountains are �78 GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHffiE. Alexandria, a township of Grafton county, incorporated in 1782, and containing 409 inJhabitants, is bounded on the N. W. by Orange N. E. by Bridge water, S. E. by NewChester, and on the S. W. by Danbury. Its N. corner is situate in New-found pond on Hebron line. It contains about 14,000 acrco of land. Smithes river flows through the S., and several smaller streams cross Prithe N. end of this town. or to 1790, Rev. Enoch Whip; was settled here. At present there are two religious so- ple cieties without ordained an minister. It has 4 saw-mills, and grain-mill, 1 mill 1 for dressing cloth. Allenstown, Rocking- in ham county, situated on the E. side of the river Suncook, is It has 346 inhabitants. hounded N. by Epsom, E. by Deerfield, S. by Chester, and W. by Suncook river. Its W. corner is on the river Merrimack, 52 rods opposite the The Sunof division between Allenstown and Pembroke, the former of which extends over an area of 12,225 acres of land, its growth of township of Bow. cook' wood is the line principally pine, the being light and weak there are,notwithstanding,some Cataexcellent farms here. soil ; mount hill or mountain is the Alhighest land in this town. lenstown has 2 grain-mills and 4 saw-mills. Buckstreet bridge connects this town with Pem- broke. Allenstown^ hitherrb, has been destitute of a settled minister or meeting-house. house of public worship, however, has been recently erected. It has 3 school- houses, and winters 536 sheep. A Alstead, a township of Cheshire county, incorporated in 1763, with a population at present of 1644 souls, is bounded N. by Acworth and Langdon, E. by Marlow, and S. by Walpole and Langdon, containing 24,756 acres, of which 300 are water. Here are 2 meeting-houses for congregationalists and 1 for baptists 15 school-houses, 5 saw and S grain-mills, 1 paper and 1 oilmill, a mill for dressing cloth and a carding machine. The is strong and succulent, soil producing flax, wheat, &c. in exuberance. Fruit trees thrive Cheshire turnpike well here. ; intersects the S. W. part, and the road from Hale's Bridge passes through the centre of The largest body of the town. water here is WarreJi's pond,250 rods in length and 150 in width. Cold river traverses the N. E. angle of Alstead, where it receives the waters of Warren's pond. Several branches of Ashuelot river have their sources Rev. Jacob town. ordained here over the congregational church in 1782 dismissed in 1789. Rev. in this Mann was ; Samuel Mead settled in the dismissed same parish 1791 1797 since which time this parish has had no ordained ; ; — �GAZETTEER OF NBW-HAMPSHIRE. minister. still ish Amherst, formerly Rev. Levi Lankton continues in the East par- where he was settled in Elder Jeremiah Hig1792. bee has the pastoral care of the baptist church in this town. J.H.B. The average number of deaths in Alstead from 1807 to 1811, was 2 1 per annum. 79 called Souhegan West, was originally granted by Massachusetts and is a pleasant township in Hillsborough county, incorporated in 1762. Its tion consists present populaof 1554 inhabit- Bounded by Merrimack on the ants. the river E., S. by Hollis, W. by Milford, and on the N. by Mount- Vernon and J.M.& J.H.B. ^LTON, a township in Straf- New- Boston, in lat. 42 « 54' N. ford county, about 25 miles containing 22,435 acres, 350 of N.W. from Dover, was incor- which are water. Babboosuck porated 1796, and reckons 1279 pond, of 300 acres extent, lies This town has in the N» E. corner of this inhabitants. English pond to the Winnipiseogee lake and bay for town. N. W. is 160 rods in length its N. boundary, E. it is bounded by New-Durham, S. by and too in width, its waters Barnstead, W. by Gilmanton {dXXxngmXo xh^Babboosuck. Souand Gilford. Its surface 35,783 hegan river flows through AmWolfeborough joins herst on the S. and receives the acres. waters of Beaver brook coming Alton on the N. E. corner 1 from Mount- Vernon. Milford Merry mile and 216 rods. meeting bay has a S. declina- and Mount- Vernon were formerly component parts of Am,' tion of 1800 rods into Alton^ where it receives an excellent herst, from which they were stream, on which Barker's severed, the former in 1794, and Wiggin's mills are erected. and the latter in 1803. The This bay is about 200 rods in centre of the town is a level width. Half-moon pondy be- plain of about a half a mile's tween Barnstead and Alton, is extent,equi distant from the four 300 rods long, and 150 wide. cardinal points, on which a very pleasant village is erected. It has several ponds of less Here are a meeting-house, a note. Its soil is hard and court-house, jail, school-house, rocky, adapted to corn and wheat. White and red oak, several good mill sites, on beach,maple, pine, and hemlock which are 3 corn-mills, 5 saw- arc its principal growth. inhabitants are, for the part, of the baptist order. The mills, 1 mill for dressing cloth, most 4 trading stores, 3 cotton and wool manufactories,and 1 print- Elder John Page was ordained here 1811. Here are 2 grainmills, 6 saw-mills, and 1 mill for dressing cloth. Alton winter! about 250 sheep. ing establishment. The Aurean Academy, discontinued for lack of funds, was incorporated here in 1 790, and was an useful and flourishing institution. A �GAZETTEER OF NBW-HAMPSHIRE 80 public school was commenced here 1807, and, with intervals, has continued ever since. The town is divided into 9 schooldistricts having 8 school-housThat which is central is es. situated near the meeting-house and is a large and commodious building. The first settlers of Amherst were from Billerica and Middletown, (Mass.) 1 734. In 1752, it had 7 garrisoned houses resorted to by the in- making an average of more than 81 years to each. The oldest native of the town now residing here, was born in the year 1 742. So prompt was this town in furnishing men for the military service of the United States that ])revious to the The second turnpike habitants in times of difficulty shire and danger. The first ordained minister was Rev. D. Wilki»s, Claremont to who visited this place when it consisted of only 14 families. He was settled in 1741, his being the third ordination in the county of Hillsborough. Mr. W. died 1783. The present pastor, Rev.Jeremiah Barnard, was settled March 3d, 1780. The number of deaths here for 33 years subsequent to his ordiThe follownation was 529. ing instances of longerity have occurred within these last 20 Deacon Joseph Boutelle, aged 90 years,and Rebecca, agfd 91, died in 1795. In 1803, died widow Grace Town, aged 96; in 1805, widow Hannah Lovejoy in the 102d year of years. her age, leaving descendants to In 1806, the number of 330. widow Sarah Burdet, aged 94 ; first of April 1777, 120 persons had engaged, of whom were 2 colonels, 1 major, 5 captains, and 9 subaltern officers. j.F. this New-Hamppasses from town. " Amonoosuck, an Indian name given to two rivers in N. Hampshire the one is called Upper Amonoosuck, passing : through a tract of excellent meadow. It rises near the N. end of the White Hills, runs northerly about 15 miles, where is a carrying place of about 3 miles to Amariscoggin river. From thence the river runs S. W. and W. nearly 18 miles, and empties into the Connecticut at Northumberland, near the Upper Coos. The other is called Great or Lower Am- onoosuck, which on rises west side of the White Mountains. It falls into th& Connecticut just above the the in town of Haverhill, in Lower Coos, by a mouth 100 yards wide. About 2 miles from its telle, mouth 1808, widow Hannah Bou95 ; in 1809, widow Sarah Stuart, aged 92; in 1811, widow Lucy Ellsworth in the Since 90th year of her age. the year 1803, have died twenty-f. -e persons, the aggregate of whose ages amount to 2041, it receives Wild Amon- oosuck, 40 yards wide, from Franconia and Lincoln Mountains. Two or three hours rain raises the water in this last mentioned river several feet, and occasions a current so furious �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. as to put in motion stones of a foot in diameter, but its vio- lence soon subsides. "(M.Gaz.) Androscoggin, or AmeriscoGGiN River, has its sources 35 miles N. of Errol in this and N. of latitude 45°. Its most northerly branch is called Margalloway. Its course This is S. for nearly 60 miles. state river enters the state near the S. E. corner of the second Dartmouth grant to where receives Dead passing thence through river., college, also it Wentworth's Location into Errol where it mingles with the waters flowing from Lakt: Umbagog, about one mile from its outlet. From this juncture the confluent stream bears the name of Androscoggin. Its course is S. till it approaches near to the White Mountains, from which it receives Moose and Peabody rivers, entering the District of Maine N. of Mount Moriah. It then turns to the E. and then to the S. E., in which course through a fertile country it passes within two miles of the sea-coast, and then turning N. runs over Pejepscot or Brunswick-falls into MerryMeeting-Bay, a few miles from Bowdoin college, and forms a junction with the Kennebeck,20 miles from the sea. In its course through Paulsburgh and Mainsborough it passes within 2 or 3 miles of the Upper Amonoo- suck river. " Amuskeag Falls, in N. Hampshire, are on Merrimack 11 81 below the ford, and 7 below Hookset Falls. It consists of three pitches, one below the other, so that the water falls about 48 feet 3 inches in river, 16 miles the course of half a mile. The second pitch, which may seen from the roads on the side is truly majestic. be W. In the middle of the upper part of the fall, is a high rocky island, on the top of which, are a of pits, made number exactly round, hogsheads, some of which are capable of holding like barrels or tons; formed by the cir-, cular motion of small stones, impelled by the force of the descjt'eral scending water. At the foot of the rapids, half a mile below the principal fall, is a bridge, 556 feet in length, and 20 in breadth, consisting of 2000 tons of timber, and made passable for travellers 57 days after it " A was begun." (M. Gaz.) canal has been formed around these falls, through which boats pass with ease imd safety. Prior to 1670, these falls were much visited by the aborigines. The sachem Wonolans^t resided The son of Wonolanset, here. engaged in hunting here about the middle of March, discovered 15 Indians on the other side who called to him in an unknown language, upon which he fled, while they discharged nearly 30 muskf-ts at him with-* out effect." (Belknap's N.H.) Andover, a township in Hillsborough county, incorporated 1779, with a population of 1259 inhabitants, is bound- �82 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHiRR. ed N. W. by New Chester, N. E. by Merrimack river which disunites it from Sanbornton,S. E. by Salisbury, and S. W. by Wilmot with an area of 29,883 acres. It has several ponds of water, the largest of which is Chance pond, in extent 230 rods and 130 in width. Black Water, a branch of Contoocook river, flows through the S, W. Ragged part of this town. mountain is partly in this town, the N. line of both town and county passing over its summit. The 4th New- Hampshire turnpike leads through the S. W. part of Andover where Grafton Its soil is turnpike meets it. of almost every variety, for the most part broken and stony, but generally good, producing good crops of grain andEnglish On the Pemigawasset grass. and Black rivers are excellent Rev. tracts of intervale land. Babcock was ordained here J. Here are a meeting1782. house,10school-houses,2 grainmills, 6 saw-mills, 1 mill for dressing cloth, i carding-machine, and 5 trading stores. Here were wintered last season 4000 sheep. Agreeably to a bill of mortality furnished by Rf v. there have died in AridoJ. B. ver since the year 1782, under 70 years of age, 287 persons, over 70, 18 persons, over 80, j.b. 15, over 90, 2. Antrim, a township in Hillsborough county, was incorporated 1777, and, in the year 1810, contained 1277 Bounded N. by Windsouls. sor and Hillsborough, E. by the river Contoocook, which severs it from Deering, S. by Hancock, and W. by Stoddard and a part of Nelson, of an area of 21, 784 acres. Gregg's pond 400 rods long and 150 wide, lies in the S. part of the town. Its waters fall into Contoocook The soil of Antrim disriver. plays great inequality of surface, but is generally producThis town annually wintive. ters about 2000 sheep, and cattle in proportion. The second N. H. tuv npike bisects the N. angle Oi Antrim. Reverend J, M. Whiton is their mmister. Here are a meeting-house, 4 grain-mills, 4 saw -mills, 2 mills for dressing cloth, 1 carding- machine, anxl 3 trading stores, la 1813, 45 persons died of the prevailing fever. ASHUELOT River has or a ASHWILLET number of branches, the most remote of which is S. of Sunapee mountain in the township of Goshen, thence running S. through Alstead, Marlow, Washington, Stoddard, where it &c. to joins with Swansey, a large stream of water from Keene, another from the S. line of the Below Winchester state, &c. it runs W. by N. and at length empties into Connecticut river in the lower part of Hinsdale. Atkinson, a township in Rockingham county, incorporated 1767, containing 55% inhabitants and 6,839 acres. Bounded N. by Hampstead, �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 83 N.E.by flowing hill, Rumney and emptying Plaistow, S. by Haver(Mass.) and W. by Salem. Atiinson was formerly a part of Haverhill, separated from it by the state line of demarcation. Its soil is prolific, E. thence Merrimack river at through into the Plymouth village. Location Barker's and is highly pleasant. It is 30 miles from the maritime town of Portsmouth, and bounded* N. by Lancaster, E. by Jefl'erson, and S. and W. by Kilkenny, and contains 3,090 has an academy which was founded in 1789, by Hon. Nathaniel Peabody of Exeter, who endowed it with 1000 acresofland. John Vose, A.M. acres. its situation Here are a is the preceptor. handsome congregational meeting-house, 1 grain-mill, and 1 saw-mill. " In this township is a large meadow wherein is an island of 6 or 7" acres, which was formerly loaded with valuable pine timber and other forest dow of an wood. is When artificial dam, meameans the overflowed, by this island with the water, which is sometimes 6 feet. In a pond in the middle of the island, there have been fish, which, rises the meadow has been overflowedhave appeared there, when the water has been drawn oflf, and the island settled to its when usual place. The pond is now almost covered with verdure. In it a pole 50 feet long has disappeared, without finding bottom." (Morse Gaz.) Barnstead, a pleasant levcounty, incorporated 1727, and boundel township in Straiford ed as follows, viz. N. E. by Alton, N. W. by Gilmanton, S. W. by Pittsfield, and S. E. by Barrington, containing 26, 000 acres. Here are two ponds known by the name of Suncook,^ lying contiguous to each other, one 400 rods and the other 300 long ; also Bundle pond 250 rods in extent. Each of these in width will average their me- dium lies length. on Alton Half moon pond line, its centre about equi-distant from the two towns, 300 rods long and half as wide. These ponds all discharge their waters into Suncook river which traverses the town. Beaty*s, Pink, Adam^Sy and jfacob^s are small and nearly circular pools about 100 rods in diameter. The original growth here is pine, oak, beach, maple, and hemlock. soil is hard, but not very rocky, well adapted to the inof corn and grain. crease Barnstead reckons 1477 souls Here are a for its population. congregational and baptist so- The B. — Baker's River. Its most N. branch has its source in Coventry, and its most S. in Orange and Coventry. These branches unite in Wentworth, ciety. Elder David Knowl- ton was ordained here in 1 804, �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 84 and died in 1809. Enos George was oidaiued hy a~ congregational council 1804, and is th»:^ir prestnt teacher* BarnStead has 2 houses for public worship, a number of excellent sites for water niachinery, and already, mills of various Cattle and sheep are raised here in large num! cts. In 1814, were wintered here 5,162 sheep. Chrystal spar, plumbago, or black lead, iron ore, alum, and vitriol are found here. On the S.E. side of the town is a cave commonly call- kinds. ed the Bear''s Den. Its mouth The first 18 inches wide. course is an angle of descent of about 20 degrees, then pressing through a narrow passage of about 4 feet in length and descending the same track about 9 feet, you enter an apartment 21 feet in length, 3f in width, and 12 in height, in which you find a natural table 2 feet square,smooth and level, and about high enough to stand Stepping up and write upon. a few feet you then enter another room, 16 feet long, 4 wide, and 10 in height, encircled on each side by a regular wall of stone. The rocks forming the bottonf of this cave so exactlv correspond with the roof, thai one needs no further evidence that they were once About a mile S. W. united. is Barrington, a township in Strafford county, incorporated 1722, and bounded N. E. by Farmington and Rochester, S. E. by Madbury and Dover, S.W.by Nottingham andNorth•\vood, and N. W. by BarnThis town is thirteen stead. and a half miles long and half as wide, containing 58,4-00 aIt had in 1810, 3,564 cres. inhabitants. Here are a lirge number of ponds, some of whose streams afford exctllent Bo7v pond the largmill sites. est, is situi'.ted in the S.W. part of the town, in extent about 650 rods and 400 rods in waters empty into source of Dover river. Bi sides this are Chesley^Round^Mendum'^s^N^ppo^North river ^Vildgoose^Long\ Auer^s, and Trout ponds^ W. of the Blue Hilh. The waters of these ponds discharge into Suncook river. The first ridge of Frost hills, commonly c.illed Blue hilis, and one of the three inferior summits of Agamenticus,is continued through The N. part of this town. Barrington is hilly and broken, but the soil, for the tnost part width. Its Jsing-lass, a principal is excellent,yielding corn,grain, flax, cider, &c. in abundance. from this spot, on the margin of a pond, is a rock of 150 perpendicular feet above the face s.b. of the water. Here are 3 houses of public worship, 18 school-houses, 14 grain-mdls,-2 mills for dressing cloth, 3 carding-machines, and 4 trading stons. The major part of the inhabitants are of the baptist order, having only one society of a different denomination in town. Rev. Joseph Prince was settled over �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHmE. the congregational church 1755, Rev. David removed 1760. Tenney was settled 1771, reRev. Benjamin 1784, and Elder Smith Babdied ISIL co' k, Micajah Of is, and Jo- moved Biilch 1778. was settled seph Boody are the present ordaintd prj;acbu rs in this towil. This town, from its first settlement, has betn very healthy. Several of the first settlers lived to an advanced period of more than 100 years. Bartlett, a township in the county of Coos, incorporated in 1790, situated at the S.E. White HUls, bounded N. by Adams, E. by Chath.'im, S. by ungranted land and Conway, and W. by Chadbourn's and Hart's locations. angle of the Its surface is 13,500 acres. Saco river and the 10th N. H. turnpike road pass through this town. lies on mountain Kearsarge E. line. its Bath, a pleasant township in Grafton county, situated on the E. side of Connecticut riv- opposite Rygate in Vermont, 35 miles N. by E. from Dartmouth college is bounded N. E. by Xittleton, E. by LandafF, S. W. by Haverhill, and W. by Connecticut river, It containing 24,827 acres. was incorporated 1769, and has a population of 1316 souls. Great Amonoosuck passes the N. E. corner of BatJi and falls er 85 Amonoosuck. The Bath turnpike leads through the town, and, where the river and turnpike intersect, is a very handsome village. Rev. D. Southerland is their ordained minister. Bath has 1 meeting-house, 3 corn-mills, 6 saw-mills, 1 mill for dressing cloth, and lery, 1 distil- 3 trading stores. Bear Camp River, whose W. branch rises in Sandwich and Burton mountains and Bear Camp pond^ and whose W. branch in Eaton. In Ossipee these two branches unite and fall into Great Ossipee pond on its W. side. Beaver Brook, has its source from a pond in Unity, and, running W. 8 miles, falls into Connecticut river in the upper part of Charleston. Beaver River, rises from Derry pond and several other small ponds in Londonderry, and passing S. through Pel- ham, falls into Merrimack riv- Dracut, opposite the mouth of Concord river in Massachusetts. er in ; into the Connecticut at its S.W. corner, near which it first receives the waters of the IVi/d Bedford, in Hillsborough county, situated on the W. side of Merrimack river, incorporated in 1750, with a population in 1810, of 1296 souls. Bounded N. by Goffstown, E. by Merrimack river, S. by Merrimack and Amherst, and W. by Amherst and New-BosIt contains 20,660 acres. ton. Piscataquog river falls into the �GAZl^TTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIllE. 8t> Merrimack at the N.E. corner oi Bedford. Here is a society of congregation alists, over which Rev. D.M'Gregore was ordained pastor 1 804. Rev. J. Houston was their former minister. Here is also a society of baptists. " Near the ferry from Manchester to Bedford, in the spring 1760, were taken 2500 shad-fish at one draught of a nett." (N.H.Guz.) Here are a meeting-house, a cottonfactory, 6 grain-mills, 8 sawmills, 1 clothier's mill, 1 carding-machine, and 5 trading stores. Blackwater River. The most norch called branch North brook rises in Danbury, another branch rises in Wilmot, and a third proceeds from Pleasant pond in New-London. The streams unite in Andover and flowing through Salisbury and Boscawen fall into Contoocook river near the N. angle of Hopkinton. Blind Will's Neck, is formed by the confluence of Cocheco and lainglass rivers. Sometime in March, 1677, a party of friendly Indians, of Blind Will was one, were all surprised together by a party of Mohawks, and two or three only escaped. Blind Will was dragged by his hair until he perished of his wounds on this neck of land which still whom Bellamy Bank River ris- es in Chelsey ponds,inBarrington, and, meandering through the N. part of Madbury, falls into Piscataqua river on the VV. side of Dover neck. beai"s his Bethlehem, a township Grafton county containing 422 bounded N. by Coos county line, which separates it from Whitefield, E. by Bretton Woods and ungranted lands, S. W. by Franconia and part of Concord, N. W. by Littleton, containing 28,608 acres. This town is very mounwatered, and tainous, well was formerly known by the name of Loyd's Hills. The N. branch oi Great Amonoosuck passes through the N. part, and the S. branch waters the S. part of the town. inhabitants, Bloody Point, Connecticut river. is on New- ington side of Piscataqua river. It was called Bloody Point from a quarrel between the agents of the two companies of proprietors about a point of land convenient for both, and, there then being no government Established, the controversy had well nigh ended in blood. Boscawen, a township in the county of Hillsborough, incorporated 1760, having in 1810, a population of 1829 souls. Bishop's Brook, rises in and waters a considerable portion of Stewartstown and empties into name. in Bounded N. by Salis- bury, E. by Merrimack river, which separates it from Canterbury and Northfield, S. by Concord and Hopkinton, and W.by �GAZETTEER OF KEW-HAMPSHIRE. Warner, containing 32,230 aThe larg^^^st pond in this town is called Long- pond^ 350 rods in length and averaging 50 cres. rods in width. near the centre of 250 rods long and waters falling into Great pond^ the town, is 20 wide, its Black Water N. edge of WarWater river flows through this town from Salisbury to Hopkinton, where it meets the Contooeook. Warner river crosses the extreme S. river on the ner. 0Miack toll corner. bridge unit&s Boscawen with CanterThe 4th N.H. turnpike bury. leads through the N.E. corner of thi« town. Here are 28 mills for grinding, sawing, fullTheir first ing, carding, &c. ordained minister was Phinehas Stevens, who was succeeded by Nathaniel Merrill in At present there are 1775. Rev. Messrs. and Price pastors. Here are 2 meeting-houses, and at societies, Wood near the river a with about forty dwelling-houses, and five In 1 746, two persons stores. were killed and several taken the bridge handsome village captive and carried to from near Bow. river the Turkey at N. E. part of About a mile below Turkey are Garvin's falls ^ now passable by locks on Bow side. The Londonderry turnpike leads from Cdncord through the E. part of this town, directly to Boston. Here is a house for public worship and an ordained minister of the regular baptist order. Here are 2 grain-mills, 5 saw-mills, and 1 carding-machine. A W. two Mtrrimack falls ar this Canada town. Bow, a township in Rockcounty, incorporated 1729, containing 729 inhabit- ingham Bradford, a township on of Hillsborough county, incorporated 1760,with a present population of 1034. Bounded N. by Warner, S. by a part of Henniker and Hillsborough, W.by Cheshire county line, adjoining Washington, E. by Fishersfield and a corner of Sutton,containing 18,919 acres, 469 of which are water. At the E. end of this town is a pleasant pond 500 rods long and 150 wide. part of Todd's pond lies in this town W. the side A and the other part in Fishersfield. These ponds are the most W. source of Warner's river. Sunapee and othermountains border on the W. part of Rev. Caleb Burge this town. is settled here Here ties, 1 in the ministry. two religious sociehouse for public wor- are Bounded N.E. by Mer- ship, 2 corn-mills, 2 sa^t-mills, rimack river which divides it from Pembroke, S.E.and S.W. by Dunbarton, and N. W. by Concord and part of Hopkin- 1 carding-machine, and 2 trading stores. ants. ton, containing 15,753 acres. Turkey river empties into Breakfast Hill, tov^nship of Rye, ble is In the m<?mora- on account of the follow- �GAZETTEER OF NEW-IIxVMPSHmE. 88 Early in ing circtimstances. the morning of June 26th, 1696, a large body of Indians made an attack on 5 houses on a cotton factory with spindles in operation. falls, is 800 Though situate in the Bre7iiwood edge of ExThere are two it is called the Portsmouth plains, by which 14 persons were killed on the eter factory. scitlpcdand left for dead, and 4 taken prisoners. The enemy, having plundered the houses of what they could car- congregationalists and baptists, beside a considerable number spot, ry 1 off, set them on fire and made precipitate retreat a through the Great Sxvamp. A companj'of militia under Capt. Shatkford and Lieut. Libbey pursued and discovered them cooking their breakfast at a phice ever since called BreakThe Indians were fust Hill. on the furthermost side of the hill and had placed their captives between themselves and the summit, that, in case of an attack, they might first receive the fire ^ Lieut. Libbey urged to go rotuid the hill and come upon them below and cutoff their religious societies in this place, Each order has of friends. its respective house of pubi||| wor- Nathaniel TrasK was ordained here 1752, and died He was suc1780, aged 67. ceeded by Rev. E. Flin*, who died 1812 their present minColton, who ister is Rev. Elder S. was settled 1815. Shephard, recently deceased, ship. ; C had the care of the baptist church with several others. Here are 3 corn-mills, 6 sawmills, 1 carding-machine, and a trading store. Vitriol is found here, combined in the same stone with sulphur. Bretton Woods, a town- Coos county, situated or 10 miles S. E. from Con- retreat, but the Capt. fearing ship in in that case they would 8 necticut kill the rushed upon them from the top of the hill, by which means he retook the captives and plunder, but the Inprisoners, dians escaped. Brentwood, a township in Rockingham county, incorporated 1742, contained, in 1810, 905 inhabitants. Bounded N. by Epping, E. by Exeter, S. by Kingston, and W. by Poplin, of a surface of 10,465 a«- Exeter river, on which are many good rnill-privileges, parses through this town. Here, at what are called Pick-pocket cres. 1 river, incorporated 772,having but 20 or 30 inhab- itants. It is bounded N. by Whitefield and Jefferson, E. by ungranted land, S. by the county line and Nash and Sawyer's Location, and W. by the county line which separates it from Bethlehem, containing about 24,978 acres. JohrCs and Israels rivers receive several branches from this town. The Jefferson turnpike crosses the E. part, and Po7icl Cherry mountain is on the N. side Here is next to Jefferson. corn-mill and 1 saw-mill. 1 �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. Bridgewater on the W. is siiu.ited side of Pemigexvas- Grnfton county, incorporated 1788, and contained in 1810, 1104 inhabitants. set river in Bounded N. by Hebron and Plymouth, E. by the county dividing it from NewHampton, and W. by Netvfoiind ^nd^ dividing- it from Bridgeivater New-Chester. line The Mahas 19,785 acres. hc'w turnpike passes near iVi?u'found pondy through the W. Here is a part of the town. meeting-house, and, at the N. part a village with a number of mills. Brookfield, Strafford a county, township in about 30 miles from Dover, incorporated in 1795, with a present population of about 657. It bounded N. W. by Wolfeborough, E. by Wakefield, S.E. by Great Moose mountain^ and 89 12,664 acres, 240 of which are water. W. N. to Nissitisset river through es p-.iss- town from the W. and falls in- this to S. Nashua river in Pepperell, Massachusetts. Potanipo pondy through which this rivt-r p tsses, is near the centre of the town, and about a mile long, and 120 rods wide. Here are a meeting-house, 3 corn- mills, 5 saw-mills, and 2 tradmg Rev. L. Wadsworth, was or- stores. their present pastor dained 1797. Burnham's River Lyman rises in Liulcton ;tnd falls into the Great Amonoosuck in iind New-Concord. Burton, a township in the N. W. corner of the county of Strafford, incorporated 1766. conformable to the, census of 1810, was 194 souls. It is bounded E. by W.by Alton, containing 13,000 Conway, N.E. by Eaton^ S. by CsoPs pond is about Tamworth, W. by Grafton acres. 300 rods long and 50 wide, and. county line, and N. by the line of Coos county. is the source of the W. branch The White Smithes of Salmon Fall river. mountains lie N. and Whiteriver rises near the former seat face moufitain W. Swift river passes through Burton from of Gov. Wentworth, which is in the S.W. part of the place, W. to E. near the upper line of Brookis Its population, jield. C. Brookline. a township in Hillsborough ^ounty, incorporated 1784, with a population agreeable to the census of 1810, of 538 souls. Bounded N. by Milford, E. by Hollis, S. by Massachusetts state W. by Mason. 12 Its line, and area is Cambridge, an uninhabited townshi,) in Coos county, situated at the S. end of Inkf Um- bagog and bounded N. by ErE.by the District of Maine, S. by Paulsburgh and Success, and W. by Dummer. Incor- rol, �GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRK. 90 1773, containing 23, third 160 acres. Androscoggin river passes through the W. part of this town. field. porated width in Baldwin was Pemigewasset rirer, incorporated 1761, and containing 873 Bounded N. by inhabitants. ed Mad river^ also to Bether river which falls into the Pemigewasset^ which latter passes the centre of the town from N. to S. Crotchet mountain lies on the W. and Northern mountain on the E. part ol the town. Campion has a public meeting-house, and an ordained minister ; 3 grain-mills, 3 saw, and 1 oilmill, 2 mills for cloth dressing, and 2 carding-machines. Canaan, a township in Graf- ton county, of an area of 16, 049 acres, was incorporated Its number of inhabit1761. ants is 1094. Bounded N. by Dames Gore, E. by Orange and Grafton, S. by Enfield, and W. by Hanover. Hart's pond^ situated nearly in the middle of the town, is about 400 rods On the long and 100 wide. near En- river frona Dorchester passes through this town. On it are 12 mdls of various kinds. Elder Thomas Camptobt, a township in Grafton county, situated on Thornton, E. by Sandwich, S. by Holderness and Plymouth, containing 27,892 acres. Two small ponds here give rise to lies Mascomy settled here in remov1790. Elder the ministry 1783, and to Wheat Boston is their present pastor, and was settled here 1813. Candia, Rockingham counwas incorporated 1763. whole population was, in 1810, 1290 souls. Bounded N. by Deerfield, E. by Raymond, S. by Chester, and W. by the same its area 17,734 branch of Lamprey acres. river passes through the N. corner and the Chester turnpike through the S. W. part of ty, Its ; A It has 2 houses of the town. public worship, one of which was erected in 1814, and btrrars the name of liberty unioji meeting house. Here are 3 grainmills, 6 saw-mills, a mUl for dressing cloth, and a carding- machine. Rev. David Jewett was ordained here 1771, and Their late removed 1780. minister. Rev. Jesse Remington, was ordained in 1790, and died March 1815. Elder Moses Bean has been ordained here several years over a freewill baptist society. W. shore of this pond is the house of public worship and a pleasant village, through which the Grafton turnpike leads. Goose pond^ lying near Hanover line is about as large as Hart's pondy also Mud pond ^00 rods in length and one Canterbury, a township in Rockingham county, incorporated 1727, contained in 1810, Bounded 1526 inhabitants. N. E. by Gilmanton, S. E. by Loudon, S. l)y Concord, and S. W. by IvXerrimack river, �eAZETTBKR OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. which separates it from Boscawf n. This town has 26,245 acres. The soil of this town is generally good, producing corn, and cider in ahundance. bridge over Merrimack river connects this town with Boscawen village. small branch of Suncook river crosses the N.E. corner, and a number of small ponds and streams water the W. p^rt of the town. Here are two houses of public worship exclusive of the quakcr church. Their present minister, William Patrick, is of the congregational order. A. Foster and F. Parker have been their former pastors. Elder Young, several years since, was settled here in the freewill baptist order. On the S.E, side of the town near Loudon, is the Shaker^s village^ and as the head of their family has furnished the compilers of this work with a particular account of their concerns, we take pleasure in giving it in his own '* words. The believers, (or people commonly called shakers,) in Canterbury h«ve been in the faith we now profess upwards of 30 years, and have had one Lord and one baptism^ which is a crucifixion and death to the nature of sin, and unites the soul in the spirit and power of the resurrection of life. have united our flax, A A We temporal interest in one for more than twenty years ; except some, who have since misbelieved, or those who did not choose so to do ; as there is no compulsion with us in such a ca?e : we 91 live together in love and union, as brothers and sisters £0 the spirit and not in the flesh ; and as we believe carnal or self-pleasing gratifications are of, and from the man of sin, who now is revealed, and is consumed, by the spirit and brightness of this present^ second^ and last appearing of Christy in which we believe ; by which our former heavens are dissolved, and our former fleshly elements do melt with fervent heat, (See 2d Peter, iii. 10th.) And we do rejoice in their destruction, and by believing and obeying this faith and revelation of Christ, we are saved from our sins, and constantly say Christ is our Saviour and by wearj ing his cross, our motives are changed and our heaven and becomes new ; (2 Peter, iii. 13.) and in this manner of earth life we know in whom we beand who and what is of lieve, this world, "As (John vii. 17.) to marriages, we are all married to one, even to Christ, who is in, and is the head of his bodj^ the church. (Eph. v. 30 32.) But external marriages, for the purpose of grat- — or for begetting or conceiving in sin, or being shapen and brought forth in iniquity, we have not an)'. It is the children of this wot-ld, who have the marriages. Luke xxii. 34, Sec. ; but we labour to he of those who are duly qualified. (See Rev. xiv. 14. Yet we have a plenty of the young of the flock ; and that ification, �GAZETTEER OF NEW-TIAVfPSmBE. 92 scripture is which fulfilled more are the children of the desolate, than of the mar(See Isa. liv. 1. ried wife. saith, . Psi. txiii. 29, &c. ''•D ith 7, Luke 8. —The " xxiii. Wc manufacture many art- which we endeavour to make worth what the consumer gives for them, such as linen and woollen wheels, measures, seives, candlesticks, brooms, wooden ware, boxes of wood, whips, cooper set work, cards for wool and cotton,rakes and sneads, leather of different kinds, &c. we also raise garden seeds, in which we take pains icles for sale, souls who are do not die ; and to the faithful soul, who departs this life there is no sting ; nor does the departing this lite separate us in spirit nor in distance ; for heaven is where Christ is, and he is in his church, and that is terrestrial bodies joined and united to celestial bodies. (See Heb.xii.22.) But to answer your mind concernWithin 30 years, ing deaths. 30 persons, old and young, in Christ, — have departed ministers of the good oivil authority to which we !i:ive respect, and from whence we derive suport. this life in our propagate the best kind. " For several years we have not made use of spirituous liquors except for sickness or into firmity seeing the evil society hert-, for whom we do not mourn, believing they have on the human race the fruits of their labours. " have generalh' consisted of from 200 to 300 souls in have not made Wc this village. Wc have one open at all meeting-house, times ior public worship,for all candid, and well behaved people; but all who are otherwise minded, we wish them in better employ than to We have 7" come among us. civil, discreet, deacon's office, and a number of workshops, both for brethren and sisters, and several mills, &c. on an artificial stream. "We occupy upwards of 1000 acres of land which is consecrated to the Lord, to all which we hold a lawful and constitutional right to govern and protect from ail abuse ; and in that we are assisted by the dwelling-houses, ; it brings and to cape another obvious es- we evil a practice of it trusting or being trusted. believe the above sketches We be supportable in and to truth, if it will answer your purpose ye will insert it without vary- ing the sense. welcome Ye are also our names. In union and behalf of the people called shakers in Canterbury." to FRANCIS WINKLEY. ISRAEL SANBORN. t " We can say we love one an- other, and we do say that our beand sisters at loved brethren Enfield, in this state, are nearsame number, and are ly of the in the and same faith and kingdom, in similar circumstances." r.w. i.s. In April 1752, two Indians, Sahatis and Christie came to �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. Canterbury, where they were entertained in a friendly manner for more than a month. At their departure they forced away two negroes, one of whom made his escape and returned. The other was carried to Crown-Point and there sold to an officer. The next year Sabatis with another inJian PlowAawa came aguin to Canterbury^ where being reproached for misconduct respecting the negroes, he and his companion behaved in an insolent manner. Several persons treated them freely with strong drink, and one pursued them into the woocls, and taking advantage killed them and with the help of another ot their situation person buried carelessly that them, but, so bodies were discovered by beasts of prey and their bones lay on the ground. The two men that killed Sabatis and Ploxvsaxva were apprehended and carried their A Portsmouth. bill was found against them by the grand jury and they were confined in irons, but on the night before the day ap]iointed for their trial, an armed mob from the country with axes and crows forced the prison and to carried them off in triumph. 93 ulation was,in 1810^ about 349 inhabitants. Its boundaries are Moultonborough N. E., Meredith neck S.E., and the waters on the S.W., parting it from Meredith and NewHampton, and N. by NewHoiderness and Squam lake, having an area of 7,626 acres of land. There is a public house of worship for all orders of christians, \ saw-mill, and 1 trading store. Part of Measley pond lies in the south-west part of this town. Chadbourne and Hart's Location, Coos county* Beginnmg at the S.W. corner of land granted toMr.VereRoyse, at a birch tree, thence running N. 470 rods, thence W. Hills. Saco river finds a passage through this location, and a turnpike road crosses it. It contains 3000 acres of land, and is 75 miles N. W. from Portsmouth. Charleston, a township Cheshire county, on the easterly side of Connecticut river, bounded N. by Claremont, E. by Unity, S. by Langdon, and W. by Connecticut river containing 24,100 acres. It was incorporated in the year 1753, and its whole population in "the year 1810, amounted to 1501. bridge denominated Cheshire bridge unites this town with Vermont. Nearly opposite to the town are LovelPs Fort-rouger^ in ; Centre Harbour, a township in Straifoid county, situated on the N.W. end of Win, nipiseogee lake and on the S. E. end of Squam lake, from which circumstance it has its appellation. It was incorporated 1777, and its whole pop- 285 rods, thence nearly N. till it meets the Notch of the White A �GAZETTEER OF NRW-HAMPSHIRK. 94 and Half-moon islands. The principal settlement is about a It half a mile from the river. is handsomely built, and con50 dwelling houses, a tains court-house, meeting-house, and an academy. It contains two parishes, which are divided by a line running from ChesE. to the corner of Unity and Acworth. hire bridge, S. 87** The meeting-house is in the north parish, and through this parish runs the Cheshire and Charleston turnpike, which is continued over the river by Cheshire bridge. The former ministers in this town were the Rev. John Dennis, and B. Alcot. The Rev. J. Crosby is the present minister. Charleston contains 4 grain-mills, 6 saw-mills, 2 mills for dressing cloth, 3 carding machines, 2 oil- mills, a distillery, and 6 retailing shops. Charleston has been the scene, in former years of many In April, Indian cruelties. 1746, John Spofford, Isaac Parker, and Stephen Farnsworth were taken in this town by a party of Indians and carThey afterried to Canada. Wtrds returned to Boston with In the course % flag of truce. of the May following, a number of women in this town, while employed in milking their cows, guarded by Maj. Josiah Willard and several sol- upon by several Indians who were concealed, and who at this time killed one of the number by the name of Putnam. While the diers, were fired Indians were scalping Putnam they were fired upon by Willard and his party. Two of them were mortally wounded, and were carried off by their companions. Immediately after these bloody affairs, the Massachusetts assembly sent to this town Capt. Paine with a body of men of whom about 20 fell into an Indian ambuscade, while on their way to view the place of Putnam's murder. The Indians fired, and endeavoured to cut off their retreat. Capt. Phinehas Stevens immediately came to their relief. A skirmish ensukilled on and one of the ed, in which 5 were each side, Charleston men was taken. The Indians retreated, leaving some of their guns and blanIn June of the same kets. year, as captains Stevens and Brown, and some others were searching for their horses, their dogs discovered a party of Indians lying in ambush. Another skirmish ensued, in which the Indians were defeated, carrying off with them several of their killed, and leaving on the ground a quantity of blankets, hatchets, spears, and guns. The other side lost In the same only one man. year a person by the name of Phillips was killed bv the Indians. in this town In March, 1747, Capt. Phinehas Stevens, with a company of rangers, consisting of thirty " men, came took to this possession town and of the fort, which they found in a good �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HA>rPSHIRE In a few days they were attacked by a large jaody of French and Indians, under the command of a Frenchman by the name of Debeline. The Indians took advantage of a high wind, and set fire to the surrounding loghouses and fences. In this way they encompassed the fort with flames. They also disState of repair. charged into the fort a vast number of burning arrows. They could not however succeed in setting fire to the fort, and after having carried on the siege for two days, uttering all the time their savage shouts and yells, they loaded a wheel-carriage with dry faggots, probably intending to set it on fire and push it to the Before this walls of the fort. attempt was made, Debeline demanded a cessation of arms till sunrise the next morning. This demand was granted. In the morning, Debeline presented himself before the fort, accompanied by fifty men and a flag of truce. He requested and obtained a parley. French officer then advanced with an Indian and a soldier, and proposed that the besieged should bind up a quantity of provisions, with their blankets, lay down their arms, and be conducted as prisoners to Montreal, and that the two commanders should meet and an immediate answer be given to A Capt. Stevens accordingly had an interview with Debeline, who without waiting for an answer, renewed this proposal. his proposal, 95 accompanying it with a threat, that if his terms should be rejected, or if any one of his party should be killed, he would storm the fort and put all therein to death. Capt. Stevens answered that nothing but extremities should force him to accept such terms, that he was entrusted with the possession of the fort, and would not surrender it until he was convinced that the besiegers could execute their threats, adding, that he had no encouragement to surrender if all his men were to be put to death for killing one of the enemy, when it was probable they had already killed many. Debeline replied, " go and see if your "men dare fight any longer, and give mean immediate answer." Capt. Stevens accordingly put the question his men, to whether they would fight or surrender. They unanimously determined to fight. This was communicated to the enemy, who renewed and continued the attack all that day and the following night, accompanied with shouting and yelling. On the morning of the third day they requested another cessation of arms for two hours. Two Indians came to Capt. Stevens with a flag of truce and proposed, that if he would sell them provisions, they would depart. Capt. Stevens answered, that to sell them provisions was contrary to the laws of nations, but offer- ed to pay them five bushels of corn for every captive for �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAxMPSHlUE. 96 whom they would give an hosthe captive could be brought from Canada. After the communication of this answer, a few guns wt;re fired, and the enemy departed. tage till No fort lives were lost in the and only two men were Commodore Sir wounded. Charles Fnowles was so highwith the conduct of Capt. Stevens, that he presented him with an elegant and From this valuable sword. circumstance relating to Sir Charles, the township was incorporated by the name of Before its incorCharleston. poration it was called No. 4. The next spring Capt. Stevens was again appointed to command at No. 4. with a garrison of a hundred men. In the year 1749, near the close of this war and after the garrison was withdrawn, except 15 men, Obadiah Tortwell was killed, and a son of captain Stevens was captured ly gratified and carried to Canada. At the war he was and sent home. expiration of the set at liberty in the year 1749. In the begi«ning of the year 1754, this devoted town was again visited bv the savages. In August the)' broke into the house of James Johnson early in the morning before any of the famThey seized ily \\^ere awake. upon him and his three sons. The Indians however tarried This was the next day on acoount of the situation of Mrs. Johnson, who 'was then delivered of a till daughter, to whom the name of Captive was given. The whole lam ily were then carried off without bloodshed. Mrs. Johnson was placed ou a litter, and sometimes on horseback. Provisions soon falling short the Indians killed the horse, and even the infant was driven to nourishment. to Montreal, where Johnson obtained leave to return home on a parole of two months. The assembly of New-Hampshire granted 150/. sterling to purchase his ransom. The severity of the winter compelled him to defer his return to Canada till the next spring. He was charged with breaking his parole, was deprived of a large part of his horse-flesh for its They proceeded money, and was cast into prison together with his famiwhere the small-pox atly, After eighteen tacked them. months, Mrs. Johnson with her sister and two children were sent to England, and from thence they returned to Mr. Johnson was deBoston. tained three years in prison, when he was released and went with his son to Boston. Ke there met his wife, and was again imprisoned, being of treasonable decountry, but was soon discharged for want of evidence. His eldest daughsuspected signs against his ter was retained in a Canadian Mrs. Johnson as- nunnery. serts in her narrative that her eldest daughter Susan returned a few days before the surren- der of Montreal, and she vxher gratitude to the presses �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE: 9r who had the S., Grafton county on the treated her daughter with great kindness by adopting her as N., and Hillsborough county on the E. It contains in land and water, 763,860 acres. Its two Miss Jasson's their child and keeping her at Captive, who is still living, afterwards married Col. George Kimball, and Susan married Capt. Samuel Wetherbee. In 1755, a number of cattle in this town were killed by the number of townships Indians, and in 1760, the famwere ily of Joseph Willard captured and carried to Mont- Bounded N. by Oilman Warner's location and Mount Royse, E. by the state line, S. by Conway, and W. by Bartlett and Adams. It contains A pond in this 2,856 acres. town, called Mountain pond^ is 200 rods long and 40 wide dressing cloth, 9 oil-mills, 7 cotton and 5 woollen factories, 23 carding-machines, 2 papermills, 69 trading stores, and 15 distilleries. In 1813, this county contained 28 stud-horses, 5,771 horses of 5 years old, 498 of 4 years old, 5,169 oxen of full growth, 2,930 of 4 years old, 14,317 cows, 9,632 cattle of 3 years old, and 1,891 acres of orchard land. The chief towns in Cheshire county are Charleston and The superior court Keene. and the courts of common pleas KimbaWs pond^ sit in school. Her daughter real. Chatham, a township Coos county, incorporated 1767, containing 201 in in inhabit- ants. and ; in the S.E.part of the town, is about 250 rods long and 240 wide. Kearsarge mountain lies in the S.W. part of the town on Bartlett line, Thir> town contains 2 saw-mills, 1 mill for dressing cloth,2 corn- and a carding-machine. Chatham is about 10 miles in length from north to south, Its and four miles in width. direction from the White mountains is east, 8 miles dis- six, and mount to its is thirty- inhabitants 41,042 of a- whom It has 7,478 are legal voters. 52 houses for public worship, 2 academies, 109 grain-mills, 155 saw-mills, 46 mills for these towns alternately, and the probate court holds three sessions in each of these towns every year. This county sends Z5 representatives to the state legislature, and there is a gaol in each of the shire mills, towns. tant. Chester, a township in Rockingham county, bounded N. and E. by Raymond, Candia, and AUenstown. E. by Poplin and Sandown, S. by Cheshire County lies on the easterly bank of Connecticut river, and is bounded by the state of Massachusetts on 13 Londonderry, and W.by Manchester and Merrimack river. It contains 49,054 acres, of which 962 are water. Chester was incorporated in 1722, �GAZETTEKR OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 9li and contains 2,030 inhabit- ants. 3Iassabesick /»(?«f/, containing 1,512 acres is situnted in the westerly part of this town, a portionofit however is in ManThis pond is almost chester. equally divided by a narrow strait, over which the LondonIn derry turnpike passes. Merrimack river, near the north-westerly partoftliis town, is situated the Isle of Hookset Beaver brook has its rise falls. in this town and tails into Merrimack river. So also does one branch of Exeter river which passes into Hiwke. Another branch of Exeter river passes the northeasterly corner of this town. Chester contains 23 mills of various kinds. It has a coiigregution,^l meetinghouse, an academy, 60 dwelling-houses, 6 retailing shops, and one edifice for presbyterian worship. The Rt v. Messrs. Hale, Fhigg, and Wdson were The formerly settled here. Rev. N.Bradstreet is the present minister. Rattle-snake hillKn this town Its diis a great curiosity. ameter is half a mile, its form is circular, and its height 400 feet. On the south side 10 yards from its base is a cave called the Devil's den, in is a narrow apartment, 15 or 20 feet squart, the flooring and ceiling of which arc formed by a regular rock. From the wall of this apartment there are depending numerous excrescences, bearing the form and size of pears, which ^ which upon the approach of a torch throw out a sparkling innumerable hues. 2d of July,ir64, Mr. Jam-.-s Shirley of this town, while wiilkmg by the side of his horse, which was led by anlustre of On other the was person, instantly The killed by lightning. flash was observed by persons at the distance of a number of rods to fall upon his head. It tore his hat into fragments, singed and entered his head just over his right temple. It is remarkable, that the moner his hair, pocket was melted, and which were of steel were broken. His horse was killed although the person who led him, escaped with slight inin his his buckles, jury. In the course of the year 1724, a party of 5 Indians entered Chester and seized upon 2 persons by the names of Thomas Smith and John Curr. When they had brought them oflf about 30 miles, they bound them and laid themselves down to sleep. The prisoners seiz- ed this opportunity to escape, and in three days arrived safely at a garrison in London- derry, Chesterfield, a township county. It was incorporated in 1752, and in 1810, its population amounted to 1830. It is situated on Connecticut river opposite to in Ch.;.hire Dummerston in Vermont. It bounded N. by Westmore- is land, S. E. by Swansey and a part of Kecne, S. by Win- �6AZETTEER OF NEWHAMPSHIRE. Chester and Hinsdale, and W. by Connecticut river. This town contains a pond of 526 acres, called Spafford^s in the S. W. part of the town is a port of West rivThe soil of this er mountain. pond^ and town is of varioi>s qualities, and its surface is rough. It produces different kinds of grain, and is well suited to pasturing, grass, The &c. Rev. Abrahann Woccj, a congregational minister, was or<lained in this town D c. 3 1st, 1772, and is still settled there. This town contains a baptist society, which however is destitute of a public house of wor- The ship. but village here is small, contains an academ)-, it which is supported by its tuition money, subscrip'iions, and donations. yearly Its age number of students There 40- also a cotton factory is in this town, porated averis in which was incor- 1809, ana has in op- Besides eration 844 spirdles. this, there are 2 distilleries, 4 grist-mills, 7 saw-mills, 2 mills for dressing cloth, 2 cardingmachines, 5 shops, and 10 school-houses. West river mountain, which is partly in this town, is of some note. , In the year 1730, the garrison at fort Dummer was frequently alarmed by explosions heard from this mountain, attended by the emission of columns of smoke. Similar phenomena have been noticed at various subsequent periods. There are two places about this mountain where the 99 rocks bear evident traces of h .ving been heated imd calcined. (See Belkiiap, Vol. III.) Chichester, a township in Rockingham county, is bounded N. E. by Pitts-field and Epsom, S. W. by Pembroke, and N. W. by Loudon and a part of Concord. It was incorporated in 1727, and contains 11,978 acres and 951 inhabitants. Suncook river flows through the easterl}' pat of this town, into which xw^x a sm;dl stream falls from the western side of the town. In this town are 7 water mills. The New-Hampshire turnpike passes through here to Concord. The settle- ment of this town was commenced by Mr. Piul Morrill in the year 1758. The soil of Chichester is exct Ih ntly adapted to the cultivation of rve, corn, and wheat. The only high ground of importance here is Bear hill, situated in the N. part of the town, the sides of which are covered with a rich and cultivated soil. In 1801, a turnpike was cut through the woods which then covered nor There were no houses here, agriculture com- this spot. at that time had menced its progress. Since time 12 dwelling-houses have been .erected within the space of 2 miles. The land is now divided into lots and fenced,and a large portion of it is al- that ready improved and well cultivated. There is only one religious society in this town, and of this the Rev. Josiah im �GAZEITRER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 100 Carpenter is is the minister. He and was 1791, and is the a congregationalist ordained in only minister ever settled here. meeting-house the Besides In there are 5 school-houses. various parts of the town are still to be seen traces of Indian Marks of corn settlements. plantations, and the ruins of wigwams were easily discov- ered on the banks of Suncook river, and several Indian hatchets were ploughed up near the present site of the meetinghouse by one of the first settlers, captain Samuel Lang- maid. Claremont, a township on Connecticut river in the counIt was incorty of Cheshire. porated in 1764, and in 1810, it contained 2,094 inhabitants. It is bounded N. by Cornish, E. by Newport, S. by Unity and Charleston, and W. by the There are here 2 ferries across the Connecticut extending to Weathersfield in Ver- river. There is 1 congregational and 1 episcopalian society in this place, over the former of which Rev. S.Farley, and over the latter Rev. C. Barber are ordained. Their predecessors were the Rev. G.Wheaton, A. Hibbert, and R. Casait. Besides these two societies, the methodists have here a public s.f. house of worship. D. D. Clear Stream River the northerly extremity of Millfield. Passing thence through the centre of the town of Errol, it falls into Ameriscoggin river three miles S. of Umba- gog lake. COCHECHO orDoVERRlVER has its source among a number of small ponds in the town of New-Durham. It thence takes a southerly direction through the towns of Farmington and Rochester, where it unites with its southern branch, called Is- mont, called Ashley's and SumHubbard^s islner's ferries. and^ just below Ashley's ferry is 240 rods long and 40 wide. Sugar river passes through this town and supplies many valuable mill seats, on which are erected 3 grain-mills, 3 saw-mills, and 3 mills for dressing cloth, 1 carding-machine, 1 paper-mill, and 1 to the From this inglass river. oil-mill. ris- mountains on the W. side of thetownofDixville,near es in the place main stream passes through Dover, where it falls into Newichawannock or Salmon fall the river, thence to Hilton's point where meets southern the it. From branch this junction which is 8 miles the course of this river is rapid and never freezsea, distant, es. The second NewCoLEBROOK, a township in Hampshire turnpike passes from Amherst through this Coos county. town. rated in 17/0, and It was incorpo- now con- �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRB. It lies tains 325 inhabitants. on Connecticut river 40 miles N. of Lancaster. It is bounded N. by Stewartstown, E. by Dixville, S. by Columbia, and W. by the river, and contains 25,056 acres. This town is watered by Mohawk river and Beaver brook. It has 1 meeting-house and an orduint-d minister. It contains a grain- mill, "a saw-mill, 2 dressing cloth, chine, and 1 mills for carding-ma- oil-mill, a distillery, 1 1 retail store. 101 Colebrook, E. by Dixville and Erving*s location, S. by unappropriated lands and Stratford, and W. by Connecticut river. It contains 32,800 acres. Sims stream and Cole brook lise in this town and empty themselves here into Connecticut river. Roaring brook falls into the same river near the lower extremity of this town. There are here several mountains of a considerable size, and a number of small ponds. This town contains 1 grist-mill, 2 saw1 mill for dressing cloth, 1 trading store, and 1 distilleThis place was formerly ry. mills, Cold River pond in rises in Cold- Acworth, whence its most northerly branch flows, and its most southerly flows from Alstead. These branches unite in Walpole, where the main stream falls into Connecticut river. College Lands, a tract of land granted to the trustees of Dartmouth college by the state It lies on Connecticut river N. of Stewartstown and contains 40,960 Two streams called acres. Dead water and Cedar stream pass through this tract. It lies 130 miles N., 9° W. from Portsmouth. In 1807, the legislature in 1789. legislature made to the college another grant of land lying on the easterly border of the state containing 23,040 acres, equal to 6 square miles. This tract lies N. 5° W., 123 miles from Portsmouth. Columbia, a township in Bounded N. by Coos county. called Cockburn. Concord is in Rockingham county. It lies on both sides of Merrimack river, was incorporated in 1765, and now contains 2,393 inhabitants. It is bounded as follows, beginning at the junction of the Suncook and Merrimack, it runs up the Suncook to Loudon, thence N. 47° W. 810 rods', and N. 21i° W. 700 rods to Canterbury, thence on the same course 191 rods, thence S. 72°, W. 1370 rods across the junction of the two rivers, and by Boscawento Hopkinton, thence S. 20" W. 2279 rods to Bow, thence on the same course binding on Bow 32 rods,thence N. 70° E. 1222 rods to Merrimack river, thence down said river to the boundary first mentioned. It contains 40,919 acres, 1710 of which are waThere are four ponds ter. in this town, Turkey pondy �GAZETTEER OF NEVV-HAMPSHIUE. 10*2 the source of Turkey river, containing about 1000 acres, Long pond contaimn^ about420, Turtle pond containing about 240, and Horse-shoe pond containing about 50 acres, the waters ot which fall into the Mei'- The Rev. Timothy Walker was ordained in this town in 1730, and died in 1782, aged 78 years. The Rev. Israel Evans was ordained here in 1789, and removed soon afThe Rev. Dr. Asa terwards. M'Farland is the present minrimack. ister. Concord is pleasantly situated on the banks of the Merrimack about 8 miles above Hookset falls. The state legislature have for many years held all its sessions here, and from its central situation and thriving back country. Concord made ing-houses, a spaciousmeetinghouse, 3 printing-offices, 20 and several mechanics The village in the N. shops. E. part of the town contains 28 dwelling-houses, 2 stores, a distillery, and several mills. The whole town contains 5 grain-mills, 8sdW-mills,4 mills for dressing cloth, 2 cardingmachines, and a nail-factory. The N. H, state prison is in It is strongly built this town. of stone, and in November 1816, it contained ZO prisonThe first settlement of ers. this town commenced in 1685. Jonathan Tyng with 19 other persons purchased of the Indians a tract of land on both sides of the Merrimack river, 6 miles in breadth, from Sowhegan river to Winnipiseogee lake, stores, and. Mason by deed confirmed the permanent capital of the state. Proposals are already made for the purchase. In August of the same year the Indians gathered erecting a state house here.* families. will probably be One handsome toll-bridge Merrimack connects town with Pembroke, an- across the this other crosses the river near the northerly extremity of the town, over which the N. H. turnpike passes. The Indian name of this town was Penacook. granted by When Massachusetts it The Rumford. compact part of the town which was called on the mainstreet contains about 200 dwell- lies principally • These proposals were accepted by the legislaUire in November 1816, ami the state house is soon to be erected of handsome stone. and removed their this conduct they gave considerable alarm to In their English neighbours. their corn 1 By 746, a party of Indians lay in ambush in this town with an intention to attack the people while at public worship, but observing them go armed to their devotions they waited till the next morning, at which time they killed 5 and took "2, prisoners. In 1747, July 28th, the Indians again appeared in this place and made some depredaThey tion among the cattle. were pursued by 50 of the English, and they retreated with great precipitation,leaving their �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE packs and blankets behind them. One man only was wounded About the same in the arm. time a person was killed there who had just returned from Cape-Breton after an absence of two years. On the 20th of March, 1772, died in this town Benjamin Rolfe. He was one of the who adventured their first lives in a land of savages with the intention of forming an English settlement at Concord, then called Penacook and at a distance of nearly 40 miles from any civilizt^d habitation. known the title employed lord town life. in the early The town was Germaine, who was then one of the secretaries of state, and who eventually procured for him a colo- nels commissicJn. ing in the British While; serv- army he dis- •overed such talents for projecting military improvements, so much mental activity and enterprise, and such acute discernment in practical philosophy^ that his celebrity extended through foreign countries, and attracted the attention of the reigning duke of Bavaria, who mand." During a residence of several years in Bavaria, he was conspicuous for his unwearied and successful efforts to ame- the condition of the poor and particularly to annihilate the evil of common beggary by providing the beggars, (a class of people with which that liorate countrj; swarmed) with em- food. (bet- world under Here he then called Rumford. married Miss Rolfe. In 1775, he went to England, and was of and economy among under his com- troops George this part of his discipline the as clerk in the office Thompson to the of Connt Rumford) set- tled in he soon signalized himself "fey introducing a new system of ployment and the cheapest aliment. All this time his active and sagacious mind suggested a variety of improvements favourable to manufactures, domestic economy, and comfort. He particularly improved the construction of chimneys and stoves, and made many interesting and beneficial experiments on heat, cookery, and Benjamin ter 103 oflPered Col. Thompson a preferment in his service, which he accepted in 1784. Raised by this prince to the rank of Lieut. Gen. of horse On his leaving the German service the duke of Bavaria created him a count, his title by his own choice, was taken from the town (Rumford) where he spent his youth. After leaving Bavaria count Rumford passed most of his time in Great Britain, where he received the honour of knighthood and enjoyed an uncommon share of public and private respect. By steadily directing his extraordinary talents to the promotion of the daily comfort and general welfare of the human family he made every civilized being his debtor, and, while he has re- �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 104 fleeted signal honour upon his native land, his well merited fame has extended itself over a large portion of the globe. He died in Autencil in France in the year 1814, Concord in aged sixty. Grafton county, was incorporated in 1768, and was formerly called Gunthwait. Its It is a flourishing town. population has nearly doubled within the last 10 years, and in 1810, it amounted to 1126. Tke value of property here has increased with the same It is bounded N.E. by Littleton and Bethlehem, S. E. by Franconia, S. W. by Landaff, and N. W. by Lyman, and contains 29,130 -icres. There are here several ponds, viz. Minksy Straters^ &c. Two rapidity. branches of the Great Amonoosuck meet in this town and An iron facpass through it. tory lies on the eastern border of the town, adjacent to FranLarge quantities of conia. lime-stone are found here, and large kilns are already erected, in which are burnt 400 hogsheads yearly. All the iron ore, which supplies two furnaces, is dug from a quarry situated in the S.E. part of the town, about distant from the fur- 4 miles naces. 1 There are in this town meeting-house, 3 corn-mills, 5 saw-mills, 1 mill for dressing There and an oil-mill. is here a free will baptist church, over which Elder J. Quimby was ordained Septemcloth, ber, 1800. its Connecticut River has source among the high which separate the United States from Lower Canada. One of the princi- lands, pal parent streams of this river is called Indian stream, which runs nearly in a straight line from its source to its junction with the main branch. The most northerly branch is called Hall's stream, which, with Perry's stream and several others from the west, form in conjunction one grand river near the 50th degree of N. lati- tude on land granted to Dartmouth college. It has been surveyed about 30 miles beyond the 45th degree of N. latitude to the head of its northwestern branch, and is settled nearly all the distance to its Its general course S. source. S.W. along the western border of New-Hampshire, (between that state and Vermont) about 170 miles, it then passes into IVJassachusetts. Connecticut river in its course between New-Hampshire and Vermont from the 45th degree of latitude passes between Stewartstown in NewHampshire and Canaan in Vermont, thence between Colebrook and Lexington. Here the river bends considerably to the E. as if to give place to Monadnock mountain, which shore in lies on Lexington receives Moopposite to this mountain, and Jacob's brook a Here the few miles below. Vermont. hawk river It �GAZETTEER OF NEWHAMPSHIRE. river again takes a westerly inclination and flows between Columbia and Minchead to Stratford opposite Brunswick in Vermont. At this place Nohegan river falls into the Connecticut from the upper extremity of Brunswick, and Pauls stream from the lower corner of the same town. The river here bends to the east on the border of Northumberland, where it receives the upper Amonoosuck, at a great bend opposite the lower extremity of Maidstone. From this point its course is very crooked to the upper part of Lancaster, where there Is a bridge leading to Guildhall in Vermont. Five or six miles below this, Israel river empties itself, passing from Lan- caster village falls, 3 miles above the Catbow. At Catbow the river inclines to the west, and passes between Dalton to Lunenburgh, where the 15 miles falls commence. At this place John's riv^r empties itself from Dalton, and Neal's brook from Lunenburgh. Here the river makes a westerly bend, receiving Mile's river and passing between Litdeton and Concord, where there is a bridge built over the falls. It has thence a southerly course between Bath and Rigate, where the Great Amonoosuck empties itself at the lower extremity of Bath opposite the mouth of Wells river, which passes from Newbury, Vermont. Between Haverhill and Newbury, the river is crook- 14 105 ed, passing under three bridges, and rtceiving Oliverian river from the east and a small stream from the west at the Great Ox-bow. As it thence flows between Piermont and Bradford, it receives two large miil-streams and Wait's river from the latter place, and two small mill-streams from the former. It thence passes on through Orford and Fairlee, Lyme and Thelford to Grant's island near the line of Windsor A county, Vermont. bridge over the falls just below Dart- mouth college unites the towns of Hanover and Norwich, and another bridge four or five miles below, near the mouth of Mascomy river from NewHampshire and White river from Vermont, connects the towns of Lebanon, N. H. and Hartford, Vt. Between Plainfield and Hartland is a small island calle ! Hart's island, where Queechy river and Lull's brook empty themselves from Vermont. From Hart's island the river keeps nearly a straight between Cornish and Windsor, till it reaches the mouth of Sugar river at Cl.reTwo very good millmont. streams empty themselves from Windsor and several from course Weathersfield opposite ClareThe mouth of Sugar river is several miles below Asculrey mountain^ As the river flows on between Charleston and Springfield, it receives mont. Black river from the latter town and Williams river from Rockingham. It thence pass- �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. lOii es between Walpole and the lower part of Rockingham, where the great falls commence, now known by the ap- flows along the lower extremity of Walpole, from which town Cold river empties it- The and from Westminster, which lies opposite, Sexton riv- width of the river above them is at some point 22 rods, at er falls in with several other small streams. It thence pass- pellation of Bellows' falls. more than 16. The average depth of the channel is about 25 feet, and is generally well supplied with water. It is said, however, that ia September, 1792, after a severe drought, the waters of this river passed within a space of twelve feet wide and two and a large rock half feet deep. here divides the stream into two channels, each about nineWhen the water ty feet wide. is low, the eastern channel is dry, being crossed by a bar of At such times solid rock. the whole stream falls into the western channel, where it is contracted to the breadth of fefteen feet, and flows with asothers not A There are tonishing rapidity. several pitches within the distance of half a mile above each other, the largest of which is that, where the rock divides Notwithstanding the stream. the violence of the current here, the salmon pass up the falls and are taken many miles above, but the shad do not pass falls. In 1784, a bridge of timber, constructed by Col, Hale was projected beyond the falls 365 feet in This bridge was supported by the great central rock, and under it the highest floods pass without doing injuThe river from this place ry. over these length. self, es Westmoreland which lies opposite to Putnam and Dummerston, thence it flows by Chesterfield situated opposite to Brattleborough, where it receives Wantoostilqueck of West river. Between Hins- New-Hampshire and Hinsdale in Vermont is a remarkable bend, where Ashuedale in empties itself. The Connecticut a few miles below this point passes over the S. line of New- Hampshire into Massachusetts. Its passage through the county of Hampshire waters some of the most pleasant towns in the commonwealth, such as Springfield, Hadley, Northampton, &c. It thence enters the limits of Connecticut, passes over Enfield falls, thence to Windsor, lot river it receives Windsor ferry river, thence to Hartford, where it meets the tide and flows in a crooked channel into Long At the distance Island sound. of 130 miles from its mouth, its width is from 80 to 100 rods. The whole length of this beau- where bordered on each banks with some of the most flourishing towns in the Throughout United States. its whole course, it preserves a distance of between 80 and too miles from the sea. The whole distance of this mag- tiful river is of its �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. nificettt to stream from its month above oOOiHilrs. its soiiice is The celebrated American poet, Barlow, thus compliments Ha watery gleams through happier JTor drinks the sea a loreJier villas wave than CoNTOocooK, a very river in erable it shine— thine, consid- Hillsborough Great Monadnock mountain in andRindge,and its most northerly branch flows from Danbury, Wilmot, &c. at a disJafFrey more than each from fifty miles These other. streams after receiving tribute from almost every pond and spring in Dublin, Peterborough, Nelson, Stoddard, WashingFishersfield, Bradford, ton, Hillsborough, Antrim, WarNew-London, Sutton, ner, Salisbury, Boscawen, and several other towns, form a junction in the northerly corner of Hopkinton. The main stream passing easterly from this place 8 or 9 miles falls into the Merrimack between Concord The Contooand Boscawen. cook is a very rapid river and at a distance of 10 or 12 miles from its wide. mouth is Just before itself into branches the itself 100 yards it empties Merrimack ber, being fatigued and apprehending no danger laid them- down selves to sleep. The woman ; Its most southerly county. branch has its rise near the tance of 107 it and forms an which has some celebrispot where a Mrs. Dustin performed a very This woman heroic exploit. had been captured by the Indians in Haverhill, Massachuisland, ty as being the setts,and carried to this island. The Indians, 8 or 10 in num- seized one of their tomahawks and with it killed and scalped the whole party, took their canoe and returned down the river to Haverhill. She afterwards carried the Boston and was liberrewarded. scalps to ally Conway, a township situated in the N. E. corner of Strafford county. It was incorporated in 1715, and 1810 it contained 1080 inhabitants. It is bounded N. by Chatham and Bartlett, E. by the line of the District of Maine, which separates it from Fryburgh, S. by Eaton, and W. b)' Burton and Hale's grant, containing 34,7'28 It was called by the InPigrvackeU small part of Walker* s pond and Little Pi^xvacket pond lie in this town. The latter is about 1 75 rods in diameter. Saco river passes through this town, where it receives Swift river and several oilier small streams. The Rev. Mr. Porter was ordained here in 1778, and still continues the minister of the place. Conway has 3 religious societies and 2 meeting-houses. It contains 4 corn-mills, 5 saw-mills, 1 mill for dressing cloth, 2 carding-machines, ,3 distilleries, acres. A dians, and 3 retail stores. Coos County is bounded S. by the counties of Grafton and Strafford, E. by' the Dis- �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 108 of Maine, N. by Lower Canada, and W. by Connecti- trict cut river. composed of It is 22 towns, 5 locations, and a large tract of unlocated land. In 1810 it contained 3,991 inhabitants, of which 628 were It contained at rateable polls. th. I time 262 horses, 37 four yc trs old, 47 thrt:e ye-rs old, 503 oxen, 49 two years old ; 231 four years old, 1,383 ccws, 637 three years old cattle, and 13 Oiules, 674 two years old and 1 jack. This county comj prises acres of land 128,662 and water S. of latitude 45*> and N. of that latitude it conLancaster is the shire town of this county, and was incorporated as early as 1763. The county prison is here, and an academy which was incorpoin 1808. Coos county has 12 meetinghouses, 20 grist-mills, 27 sawmills, 5 mills for dressmg cloth, 3 carding machines, 11 stores, and 6 dhstilleries, &c. It stnds 27 members to the rated The state legislature. court for superi- county of county is held the Grafton and this at Huyerhill and Plymouth al- ternately on the 4th Tuesday of December, and the court of common picas is held at Lancastiir ou the 4th Tuesday of May. Croydon. In this town are a congregaand episcopalian society, and a meetinghouse for each. In 1768, the tionalist, baptist, Welman was ordained and removed in 1785. The Rev. J. Rowel and P. Kindreck are the present ministers. This town contains 4 grain-mills, 10 saw-mills, 2 mills for dressing cloth, 2 carding-machines,and 4 stores. Rev. Cheshii-f- a J. Coventry, a township in Grafton county, bounded N. by Landaff, E. by Peeling, S. by Warner, and W. by Haverhill, containing 33,290 acres. It was incorporated in 1764, and its number of inhabitants in 1810, was 162. Moose-hillock and Owl-head mountains art in this town. Branches and Oliverian brooh^ Baker*s river^ and Wild Amonoosuck Coi)take their rise here. entry contains 2 grist-mills and Cornish, A bridge crosses the Connecticut from this town to Windsor. The line adjoining Croydon p.^sses over Croydon mountain. Governor's moun-" tain is situated nearly between the bridge and the road to cres. here tains 160,353 acres. or Plainfield, E. by Croydon, S. by Claremont, and W. by Connecticut river, which separates it from Windsor in Vermont. It contains 23,160 a- township 1 saw-inill. in -lunty was incorpo- rated in 1763, and its population in 1810, amounted to 1600. It is bounded N. by Croydon, a township in the county of Cheshire, was inIts numcorporated in 1713. ber of inhabitants is 862. It �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. is bounded N. by New-Grantham and a corner of Spring- E. by Springfield and Wendall, S. by Newport, and W. by Cornfsh, and contains 26,000 acres. Croydon mountain extends field, in a direction northeasterly through this town from its southwestern extremity. On this mountain are two small ponds. Its soil is moist and rocky, and produces excellent grass, besides wheat, rye,corn, 109 Blake* s pond forms its E. corner bound. Dalton contains a meeting-house, 3 corn-mills, 2 saw-mills, and ing cloth. 1 mill for dress- Danburt, situated in Grafton county 6 or 8 miles from Merrimack river. corporated in tains ^'itS It was in- 1795, and con- inhabitants. It is bounded N.E. by Alexandria, S. E. by New-Chester, S. W. butter, by the line of Hillsborough county which separates it from Wilmot, and N. W. by a corner of Orange. It contains cheese, &c. Croydon turnpike passes nearly through the centre of this town. There are several small ponds in this Smith''s river 19,031 acres. waters this town and the Grafton turnpike leads through its western extremity to Orford town, which supply some of the minor branches of Sugar river, on which streams are erected 4 corn-mills, 5 saw- bridge. &c. The principal which this town sends ket, are mills, 1 beef, articles pork, to mar- DARTMOUTHCoLLEGE(Vide. Hanover.) mill for dressing cloth, and a carding- machine. There is in this town a house of public worship in which a congregational minister officiates. Deerfield, a township in Rockingham county, incorporated in 1766. In 1810 it contained 1851 inhabitants. It bounded N. by Northwood, by Candia, E. by Nottingham, and W. by Allenstown and Epsom, and contains 23, 254 acres. Pleasant pond is is S. D. Dalton, a township in Coos county, containing 235 inhabitants. It is bounded N.W. by Connecticut river at the great opposite Lunenburgh in Vermont, N. E, by Lancaster and Whitefield, S.E.by Whitefield, and S.W. by Littleton or falls Grafton line. 16,455 acres. the It contains jfohn's river crosses the northerly part of the town, and situated in the northerly part about a mile in length and half a mile in There are here severwidth. al other smaller ponds, one of which is the source of the western branch of Lamprey river, the northern branch of which passes from North wood and unites with the western near The the centre of Deerfield. of this town and is �no GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. soil of this town is for the most part fertile, producing the various kinds of grain and grass in to near the S. E. abundance. Eliphalet Smith was the first ordained minister in this town and ramoved soon after the revolutionary war. His success- or was the Rlv. Timothy Upham, who died in the year 1811, and w^as succeeded by the Rev. Nathaniel Wells. is also a baptist church increasing in numbers under the pastoral care of Elder Peter Young. Each of these societies has its house of public At the part of this worship. town called the parade there is a pleasant village of 15 or 20 houses, a small academy, several stores, mechanics' shops, &c. Deerji eld contains 4 grainmills, 4 saw-mills, 2 mills for dressing cloth, 1 carding-machine, 1 oil-mill, and 13 schoolThe average yearly houses. number of deaths in this town since 1802, has been a^iout 20. The present year an epidemic fever prevailed of which about 20 persons died. Formerly, moose were plenIn ty in and about this town. 1767, Mr. Josiah Prescott killad four within a short time near the same spot. There Dead River Dimond river and falls inthe Margallaway river on the easterly side of the state, with rises in the northerly part of a tract of land granted to Gilmanton and After Atkinson academies. passing through those lands in a number of streams and also through lands granted to Dartmouth college, it unites Weniworth's of extremity location. DeerIng, a township in Hillsborough county, incorporated in 1779. Its population in 1810 was 1363. Itisbounded N. Henniker and Hillsbor- i)y ough, E. by Weare, W. by the southerly branch of Contoocook river which divides this town from Antrim, and S. by Francestown and GreenIt contains 20,057 acres. Pecker's pond^ in this town, is 180 rods long and 50 wide and forms the source of the northerly branch of Piscataquog river. The 2d New-Hampshire turnpike pusses through the southwesterly part of this town. The Rev. William Sleigh is the setminister of the place. tled There is here 1 meeting-house, 2 corn-mills, 1 saw-mill, 1 carding-maclothing-n\ill, 2 field. chines, 1 distillery, and 2 trad- ing shops. DiMOND River. Its branch has rise terly its wesin a pond of that name in Stewartstown. Thence its course is through Dixville, and after receivingisome tributary streams from the lands granted to Dartmouth college, it empties itself into Dead from the river which flows easterly part of those lands. Dixville, a township Coos county? incorporated in in �Gx\ZETTEER OF NEW-HMMPSIIIRE. 1805, and in 1810, containing It is bounded 12 inhabicants. N. by the college lands and lands gr.ntc^d to GilmanK>n and Atkinson academies, E.by the second grant to Dartmouth Wentworth's locaand Erving's location, and W. by Columbia,Colebrook,and Stew- college and tion, S. by iViillsfield 31,023 western border is a ridge of. mountains, from which flow several ponds forming the sources of two rivers, viz. Clear stream and Dimond river. This town contains artstown. acres. It contains Near its a grist-mill and a saw-mill. Dorchester, a township in Grafton county, incorporated in 1761, and containing 537 inIt is bounded N. by Wentworth, E. by Groton, S. by Dame's Gore, which separates it from Canaan , and W. by Lyme, and contains 23, There are two 617 acres. large ponds in this town, viz. Slowri's pond, which is 500 rods long and 450 wide, and Foxvler^s pond, which is 300 rod's long and 250 wide. The habitants. southerly branch of Baker's river flows through the eastern part of this town, and a branch of the Mascemy passes its western part. large mountain lies near its S.E. extremi-ty, and another called Smart^s mountain in the N. W. part of the town. Dorchester contains A 3 mills. ed at the head of the tide on Cochecho. It was incorporated in 1633, and in 1810 it contained 2,228 inhabitants. It is bounded N. E. by Somersworth, S.E. by Piscataqua river, S.W. by Madbury, and N. W. by Rochester and a corner of Barrington it comprises 15,112 acres. Cochecho river flows through the whole length of this town, and Bellamy hank through its S. E. extremity. turnpike road passes from the compact part of this town through Somersworth to Berwick in Maine. The Indians called this place WinJchahanat and Cochecho, ; A and the first settlers named it Northam. Its public buildings con&ist of two houses for public worship, one for congregationalists and one for quakers, a court-house, printand a bank, which was incorporated in There is a handsome 1803. village, containing about 70 houses, 18 stores, several offices, and mechanic shops. packet boat, while the river is open, passes from this town to Portsmouth, every day except Sundays. Dover contains S grain-mills, 2 saw-mills, 2 mills for dressing cloth, 2 cardingmachines, an oil-mill, and n woollen factory. The Revs. John Reyner, John Pike, Nicholas Seaver, Jonathan Cushing, Jeremiah Belknap have successively been the ministers of ing-ofiice, a gaol, A this Dover, a considerable township in Strafford county^ situat- Ill place. Clary tor. is The Rev. their J. present W, pas- �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMFSHIRE, 112 Edward and William Hilcame over from London and commenced the settlement ton of this township in 1623. In 1630, they obtained a patent from the council at Plymouth conveying to them that place on the Piscataqua, known by name of Hilton's point, together with a tract 3 miles wide extending up the S.side ot the river as far as Swamscot falls (now Exeter.) Within this the tract are now comprised the Durham, of Dover, Stratham, a part of NewingIn 1633, ton and Greenland. that beautiful neck of land (now Dover) was surveyed meetand incorporated. ing-house was at the same time erected there and surrounded with intrenchmentfj, the traces of which are still visible. In the year 1675, immediately after the invasion of Durham, a large body of the eastern Indians negociated a peace with Maj. Waldron at Dover, but, as the war had not ceased in the south, many of the Indians from that quarter mingled with their brethren of the towns A and under the false apof friendship contrived to sow the seeds of fresh In a short time hostilities. east, pearances captiiins Joseph Syll and William Hawthoirte were ord.!;red to march eastward in pursuit of On these insidious enemies. their march they arrived at Dover on the 6th of September, 1676, where they found 400 Indians assembled at the house of Maj. Waldron, most of whom were of the peace party and wh« regarded him as a benefactor and friend. The two captains would have attacked this body immediately, having orders to seize all Indians who had joined in the war. Maj. Waldron dissuaded them from this, and planned the following stratagem. He proposed to the whole Indian party a training and sham-fight after the English custom. He then formed another party consisting of his own men and those under Capt. Frost of Kittery. Having diverted the Indians and permitted a short time them to fire the first volley, he made a dexterous movement they could un- ajid before derstand his intentions sur- whole body, seized and disarmed them without shedding blood on eiThey were immether side. diately separated. Wonolancet, with thePenacook tribe who had rounded their made peace ter, the preceding win- were amicably dismissed, but the strange Indians (as they were called,) to the number of 200 were secured and sent to Boston. Seven or eight of them who had been guilty of former murders were hanged, and the rest were sold as slaves The Indians discharged by Waldron, regarded his conduct as a breach ef faith and swore against him eternal and implacable revenge. In 1689, after a lapse of 13 years since Waldron's stratagem, during wliich time the in foreign parts. who were �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMI'SHIRE. 400 Indians who were dismissed bad not suffered their rage against him to cool, and many of those, who had been sold into slavery, having escaped and and that there was no danger." The plot which was concerted was, that two squaws should go to each of the garrisoned houses and ask leave to lodge by the fire, and that in the night, when all the men were asleep, they should open the doors and gates and give the signal by a whistle, upon which the strange Indians, who were within hearing were to rush in and gratify their long meditated revenge. The plan having been thus arranged, on the evening of the 27th of Juhqiftwo squaws applied to each of the garrisons for lodging, as was not unusual in time of peace, and they were admitted to all but young returned home with a burning thirst for revenge, entered into a confederacy to surprize the major and his neighbours, with whom the former party had been living on terms of peace and friendship. In that part of Dover situated near the first falls in the river Cochecho, there were five garrisoned houses, Waldron's, Otis', and Heard's, the two others(Coffin's and his sons) were on the south side of the These houses were surriver. rounded with timber walls, the gates of which as well as the doors of the houses were secured with bolts and bars. Coffin's house. taught by their inhabitants, to open the doors in case they should wish to go out during the night. Mesandowit was then in Waldron's garrison and hospitably entertained there as he had often been be- scrutinized with attention those wooden fortifications. Some intima- tions of mischievous plots had been given by certain squaws, but in such an ambiguous manner as not to be comprehended. Many of Waldron's men had early apprehensions, but he laughed at their fears and -told them to " plant their pumpkins and he would take care of the Indians." The very evening before the alarm he was informed by a young man, that the town was full of Indians and the people very uneasy, but he answered, " that •the Indians behaved very well 15 They were own request how The Indians, as they passfed through the town, trading with the 113 The squaws told the major that a number of Indians were coming to trade with him the next day and Mesandowit, while at supper, fore. , ; in his manner Waldron what usual familiar said, " Brother should you do, if the strange Indians should come." The major carelessly replied that he would assemble one hundred men by the motion of his hand. In this unsuspecting confidence the family retired to rest. �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE: 114 In the stillness of midnight the gates were opened and the signal was given. The Indians immediately entered, stationed a guard at Waldron's door, and rushed into his Apartment, which was one of the inner rooms. Awakened by the tumult the major sprang from his bed, and though now burdened with the weight of 80 rcafcs, he retained so much of his youthful vigour as to drive them with his sword through two or three doors, but as he returning for his other arms, they levelled him with a blow from behind which left him senseless. Having dragged Jiim into his hall, they placed kim in an elbow chair upon a long table, and insultingly asked him, *' who shall be the judge of Indians now." They then compelled the people in the house to provide th-^m food, and when they had finished their repast they cruelly inflicted gashes on different parts of Waldron's body, saying, " we thus cross out our account ;" till at last exhausted with loss of blood he was •was from the falling table, when one of the Indians, holding his own sword under him, in this manner relieved him from his They also put to death his son in law Abraham .Lee, but made captive his daughter and several others, and then having fire. next sanoie it Otis' garrison,which on was Waldron's, met the Otis himself with fate. to Elder Wentworth was awakened by the noise. He tering. repelled those who first entered, and falling upon his back, he kept the door closed with his feet, till he had given the Two balls were fired through the door, but missed him. Coffin's house was also alarm. attacked, but as the Indians had no particular enmity and a- him they spared him gainst family and contented themselves with pillage. Having found a bag of money they his compelled him to throw it in handfulls on the floor, while they amused themselves in a scramble for it. They then proceeded to the house of his son who had refused to admit the squaws, and promising him quarter they summoned him to surrender. He withstood their offers and resolved to defend his house, but the Indians brought forward his father and threatened to put Filial affection him to death. overwhelmed courage and he surrender- his They put both families a deserted house, intending to make prisoners of them, ed. into sufferings. plundered the house set several others were put to death, and his wife and|children -w^ere taken prisoners. Heard's garrison was saved by the barking of a dog at the moment the Indians were en- but they all escaped while the Indians were engaged in their work of plunder. In this affair 23 people were killed Five and 29 made captive. or six dwelling-houses together with the mills were ^ �GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE. burned, and so rapid were the Indians in their operations, that they escaped with their prisoners and booty befon; the people could collect from the town to oppose them as they passed by Heard's garrison in their retreat, they fired upon it, but the people within having resolved to defend it, and the enemy being in haste it was saved. The preservation of ; its owner was still more re- Elizabeth Heard markable. with her three sons and a daughter and several other persons were returning in the night from Portsmouth. They passed up the river in their boats unperceived by the Indians who then had possession of the garrisons. Apprehending danger from some noise, which they heard, they landed and bent their steps to Waldron's garrison, where they observed lights, which they supposed were held out to those who were seeking refuge. They knocked and entreated admission, but no answer being given, one of the party ascended the wall, and to his astonishment and alarm, saw an Indian stationed with his gun at the door of the house. Mrs. Heard in the agony of fright power to escape, but sh6 implored her children to fty and save themselves, they heavy hearts. left her with She soon recovered herself and crept into some bushes and there lay concealed till daylight, at which time she perceived an Indian approaching lost all 115 toward her with a pistol in his hand, who looked in her face He immf.direturned and looked at her again. She then spoke to him, but without making any answer, he went off and she saw no more of him. She continued in her concealment till the conflagration was over and the Indians were gone. She then went to her house and found n. safe. This wonderful preservation of Mrs. Heard was a remarkable display of the power of gratitude in an Indian. At the time of Waldron's stratagem in 1675^ a young Indian escaped and took refuge in her house. In return for her kindness in concealing him he promised that he would never in an}^ future war, injure her or any of her family. This Indian was known to be the one who found her concealed on this eventful night. On th« 25th of January, 1691, a young man in the woods near Dover was fired upon by a party of Indians. Lieut. Wilson immediately assembled a body of 18 men and went in pursuit of the aggressand went away. ately ors. He succeeded in his search and killed qr wounded the whole party except one. This caused a temporary ror ter- among the Indians, but its effects soon ceased. On the 26th of July, 1696, the people of Dover were attacked as they were returning from public worship. Three of them were killed and three �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 116 carried to Penobscot, who afterwards escaped and returned home. In August, 1704, a man by the name of Giles was killed, and the people were again waylaid on their return from meeting. In 1706, William Pearl and Nathaniel Tibbets were killed, and in 1710, Jacob Garland met the same In May, 1724, a party of 13 Mohawks marked the house- of a Quaker by the name of Hanson for plunder, and they lay several days in ambush waiting lor the favourable moment of attack. While Hanson with his eldest daughter were absent Quaker meeting and at a two eldest sons his were working Indians entered his house, killed and scalped two small children, and made captive his wife, her infant and its nurse, two daughters and a son. The next spring Hanson redeemed his wife, the three young children and the nurse, but could not obtain his daughter, although he was permitted to visit her. He made a second attempt in 1727, but died at Crown Point in a distant field, the fate. In the spring of 1711, this town was again attacked by the Indians, and several people as they were returning from meeting fell into an ambush. John Horn was wounded and Humphrey Fass was taken prisoner but by the resolute ; courage of Lieut. Heard he was recovered from the hands of the enemy. In April,1712, ensign Tuttle was killed, and in the July following an ambush was discovered, but the While the people were absent in pursuit of them, two cb^ildren of John Waldron's were taken and were cruelly put to death. Al- enemy escaped. though there was no man at the time in Heard's garrison, a woman who was stationed as guard called for help with such a resolute and commanding voice that the Indians supposed the men were near and they therefore departed without doing farther mischief. On the 29th of August, 1723, the Indians again made their appearance at Dover, where they surprised the house of Joseph Ham, whom they put to death, and three of whose children thev carried off. on his The journey to Canada. afterwards married a Frenchman and never returngirl ed. In September, 1725, while the people were absent at work in a neighbouring field, a party ofIndians concealed themselves in a barn in preparation for an attack. Two women passed by the barn at that moment, and had just arrived at the garrison, when the Indians com- menced firing. They killed two men of the name of Evans and wounded another slightly in his breast. The Indians, supposing from the copiousness of his bleeding that he was dead, proceeded to He bore without betraying any signs of life, and thus strip and scalp him. this operation �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. he continued the appearance of death while thc-y struck him many blows with their guns and departed, supposing that they had despatched him. He then arose and walked back naked and bleeding to the garrison. Fainting with his wounds, he droppt-d at the feet of one of his friends who met him and who carried him to his house. recovered and lived fifty years afterwards. The Indians also at that time carried off to Canada a lad of the name of Evans, who was afterwards re- He deemed. A female of the Christina, name of who was born at the year 1688, was carried captive with her mother to Canada soon after the destruction of Dover by the In- Dover in dians. In Canada she was educated in the Roman Catholic faith, and she was there marriUpon the death of her ed. husband she became very anxious to revisit the land of Jier nativity, and an exchange of prisoners taking place in 1714, she returned and married Capt. Thomas Baker, then of North- She renounced the Catholic religion and removed to Dover, where she lived a bright example of piety, and died on the 23d of Februa- ampton. The number of her posterity of three generations was 72, of whom 57 survived ry, 1773. her. On the 25th of June, 1773, died the Hon. George Guage in the 72d yeai of his age. Having distinguished himself iir and patriot most important public as a philanthropist in the stations, he received the high- honours in the gift of his country. He was several times a member of the general assembly of the province, and a colonel of the 2d regiment of est which was particularly exposed during the war. On the establishment of the county of Strafford, he was appointed the first judge of probate a few months before his death. In May, 1770, died Friend Joseph Estes in the 74th year militia, of his age, who for a period of 40 years was a public speaker in the quaker meetings at Dover and elsewhere. He was universally respected and lamented. In 1772, died Howard Henderson at the advanced age of more than 100 years. He was present at the capture of Gibraltar from the Spaniards in 1704. The annual average number of deaths in this town from 1767 The to 1815,hasbeen 19. largest number was 50 8. During and the smallest the above period thirty died between the ages of 70 and 80, six between 90 and 100, and one over 100. Dublin, a township in Chesmcorporatedin 1761, and now containing 1184 inhabitants. It is bounded N. by Nelson and Hancock, S. by Jaffrev, E. by Peterborough, and W. by Marlborough and a part of Roxbury, and contains 26,560 acres, 600 of which are hire, �GAZETTEER OF NEAV-IIAMPSHIRE. 118 water. Centre pond^ a few rods S. W. of the meeting-house, is 300 rods in length and 160 in North pond is alx>ut width. 400 rods long and 140 wide. There are also several smaller ponds in this place. A branch of the Ashuelot river and two branches of the Contoocook have The formConnecticut, their rise in Dublin. er falls the into and the latter into the Merrimack. In the southerly part of this town is situated the grand Monadnock mountain. Dublin has 6 corn-mills, 8 saw1 mill for dressing cloth, carding-machine, a distille- mills, 1 ry, and The 11 school-houses. minister here was the Rev. Joseph Farrar, a eongregationalist, who was ordained on the 10th of June^ 1772, first and dismissed in June, 17/ff. Rev. Edward Sprague, the present minister, was settled over the same church inl 777. There is also a baptist church here, over which Elder Elijah Willard was ordained in 1794. Each of theae societies has a meeting-house. Dublin is composed of two small villages besides many scattered houses. DuMMER, a township in Coos county. It was incorporated in 1773, and now contains only 20 inhabitants. It is bounded N. by Millsfield, E. by Cambridge, S. by Paulshurgh, and W. by Kilkenny and some ungranted lands, and contains 27,562 acres. The Ameriscoggin and Amonoosuck river§bpth pass through this town. There is here 1 saw-mill and T grist-mill. DuMMER Fort. (See Hins- dale.) Dumbarton, a township of an elevated situation in Hillsborough county, bounded N. and N. E. by Hopkinton and Bow, E. by Merrimack river, S. by Goffstown, and W. by Weare, containing 20,966 acres. It was incorporated in 1765, and in 1810 its population was 1256. There are here four small ponds, viz. Purgatorij^ Woodbury^ Long'^znd Gorham ponds ; the waters of all which fail into the Merrimack. This town is connected with Chester by a bridge thrown over the Isle of Hookset Falls, by which the Londonderry turnpike passes the river. The Rev. W. Harris was ordained here in 1789, and is the present minister. There are in thia town 1 meeting-house, 2 gristmills, and 7 saw-mills. DuNSTABLE,a township lying southeasterly extremity of Hillsborough county. It was incorporated in 1746, and in 1810 it contained 1049 inin the habitants. It is bounded N. by Merrimack, E. by Merrimack river, which separates it from Nottingham West^ S. by the statt: line, which divides it from Dunstable in Massachusetts, and W. by Hollis, and comprises 18,878 acres. At this place Nashua ties itself into the river empMerrimack, �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. forming an place called island and the Nashua mouths. Pennychuck brook constitutes northern boundary of the the town. The former ministers in this have been the Rev. Messrs. Swan and Kidder. At present the Rev. Mr. Sperplace ry is settled here. The princ- 10 dwelling-houses and 2 stores. About a mile below at the place called the harbour there are nearly as many more buildipal village consists of 8 or 119 wacketonthe upper part of the river Saco, where a formidable tribe had once inhabited and now occasionally resided. Lovell had with hina 46 men including a chaplain and a surgeon. of them having lamed themselves, returned home,and another falling sick,his companions built a stockadefort on the west side of the great Ossipee pond and left him at this place with the surgeon and 8 others The remaining for a guard. Two parties, who were Indian prowling upon our frontiers. Two men having been missed from this town, a scouting par- 34 now pursued their march northward about 22 miles from the fort to a pond, on the east side of which they encamped. Early the next day, while at their morning devotions, they heard the report of a gun and discovered a single Indian spatched ty consisting of 11 Avere dein search of them. on a point of land which pro- They were jected ings. In former years among others this town suffered from the attacked by the Indians and 9 of them were killed, and the surviving 2 escaped badly wounded. At a subsequent period another party from this town fell into an ambush, but the enemy not having an equal force retreated leaving 1 killed and 4 woundIn 1 724, a volunteer comed. pany under the command of Capt. Lovell was raised from town and became alike remarkable for its success and this^ misfortunes. Its first expedition was to the northward of lake Winnipiseogee where they killed 1 of the enemy and made 1 prisoner. In 1725, its Capt. Lovell marched from Dunstable with the design of attacking the villages of Pig- more than a mile distant st^nd into the pond. They had been alai-med the preceding night by noises, which they supposed came from the enemy, and their suspicions were now confirmed. They believ- ed that the Indian they saw was stationed to decoy them, and that the body of his companions was in their front. A consultation was held and they resolved to march forward, and by surrounding the pond to command the point where they observed the Indian. In preparation for action they threw off their packs and were obliged to leave them without a In their march they a carrying place, through which two parties containing 41 Indians, commandguard. crossed �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 120 ed by Pagus and Waha, who had been scouting down Saco river and were now returning to their lower village. Having discovered Lovell's track, they followed it till they came to the packs, which they seized, and upon counting them found the force of their enemies to be They smaller than their own. accordingly stationed themselves in ambush in preparaThe Indian, tion to attack. who had been seen on the point and was now returning to the village by another path met Lovell's party and was fired upon. He returned the fire and wounded Lovell and one of his companions with small shot. Lieut. Wyman then lev- him and killed him and took his scalp. Discovering no other signs of the eneelled my, at Lovell's party then return- ed to the spot where they had left their packs. While they were searching for them, the Indians rose from their ambush and rushed upon them with a frightful yelling. A brisk fir- ing then ensued on both sides. Gapt. Lovell with eight others were killed, and Lieut. Farwell was wounded. Several of the Indians fell also ; but as they were superior in number to Lovell's party and their intention being discovered, the latter retreated with the hope of sheltering themselves behind a rocky point and a few large trees on the shore. In this forlorn condition they took their station. was a brook On their right at that time un- fordable ; on their left was the point of rocks ; their front was partly covered by a deep bog, and the pond was in their rear. The enemy immediately opened a galling fire upon their front and flanks, and could they have used this advantage skilmight have killed or captured the whole of our party, who were destitute of provisions and cut off from re- fully they treat. Under the command of Lieut. Wyman they continued their fire and retained their courage the whole day, in the course of which their chaplain,Jonathan Erie, ensign Robbins, with one other person were mortally wounded. The Indians made signs to them to surrender by holding up ropes, endeavouring at the same time to intimidate them by horrid yells. Our people were resolved to die rather than surrender, and by a well directed fire the ranks of the enemy were thinned and their yells became fainter. At the close of the day the Indians abondonod their advantageous ground carrying with them thrir killed and wounded and leaving the bodies of Lovell and his comp.inions unscalped. The surviving remnant of our brave countrymen found three of their number unable to move from the spot and eleven others of the wounded, who had still strength enough to march, and nine only who were uninjured. It was an agonizing necessity to abandon their dying companions, but there was �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. no Ensign Robgun might charged by his side, so alternative. bins desired that his be left that if the enemy should re- 121 found the bodies of the killed, buried them and carved their names on the surrounding trees. The Indians, among many othlost Pagujs their chief. place where the action was turn, he might sacrificfe at least one more of them to his revenge. On the rising of the ers, moon the south part of the they departed from this fatal spot and directed their the fort where the surgeon and the guai-d had To their astonishbeen left. ment they found the place deserted. On the commencement The fought was Pigwacket, now town of Fryburgh. march toward of the action, one man, (whone irame has not been suffered to disgrace the history of this affair) fled to the fort,where in the language of Job's messenger, he informed the guard of Lovell's death and the defeat of his party, upon which they best of their way home, leaving behind them a quantity of provisions which was a seasonable relief to the Lieuretreating survivors. tenant Farwell and the chaplain who kept the journal of the march, perished in the woods made the from an unavoidable want of attention to their wounds. The remaining few after a long series of hardships, arrived at their homes They were at different times. received with joy and recompensed for their sufferings and their valour by public gratitude and affection. A generous provision was made for the widows and children of the slain. Tyng of Dunstable^ immediately collected a company, marched to the place of the engagement, and having 16 Capt. DuRAND, a small township Coos county containing 62 inhabitants. Bounded N. by in Mainsboro', E. by Shelburne, S.hy the White mountains, and W. by Kilkenny. Jt contains 25,672 acres. One branch of Moose river and several branches of the Amonoosuck and Isra-^ e/rise in this town. Durham, a township in Strafford county, lying on Oyster river at the junction with the Piscataqua, It contains a population of 1449, and is bounded on Madbury S. 63^" E. 1040 rods, thence S.54^°E. to Cedar point ; on Lee N. le^^E. 5 miles and 66 rods; on Newmarket S. 80^ E. 700 rods to a rcck,thsnce S.56^° E. 264 rods to the head of the creek, thence to Chelsey's little island which is the S. corner boundary, thence by Great and Little bay to Cedar point, com- prising an area of 14,970 acres. The N.H. turnpike from Ports- mouth through to this Concord passes town. The first settled minister in Durham was the Rev. Hugh Adams, who was ordained in 1717, and dismissed in 1739. The Hev. Nicholas Oilman, �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 122 Hugh Adams, and have been Curtis Coe his successors, all of them tongregationalists. The compact part of the town, near the falls contains a handsome meeting-house, 37 dwellinghouses, and 7 stores and small shops. Inthis town resided JVIaj. Gen.SuUivanandCol. Adams of Hon. George Frost and Ebenezer Thompson were also citizens the revolutionary army, of Durham, The annual average number of deaths in this place for many years past has been computed at less than 15. In Durham is situated that rerkable rock weighing 60 or m 70 tons and lying so exactly poised on another rock as easmoved with one to be ily hand. Durham was included in which was Hilton*s patent In granted in the year 1630. September, 1675, the Indians made an attack at Oyster riv- er, then a part of Dover and Durham. now constituting They burned two house3,killed several men and carried away two captives. this attack they Two days after made another, destroyed several houses and killed peated two persons. These reinsults and depreda- tions roused the indignation of our people and forced, them to About 20 young retaliate. men, most of whom were from Dover, obtained permission from major Waldron to make an attempt against the Indians way. Having in their own scattered themselves in the woods, a division of them dis- covered a party of five Indians field near a deserted house, some of whom were gathering corn, while the others were preparing to roast it. Our people were at such a in the distance from their companions, that they could not make any signal to ihem without discovering themselves. Two of them crept silently toward the house and rushing suddenly upon the two Indians, who were busy at the fire, knocked them down with their guns. The other three took the alarm and escaped. In 1694, when a large part of the inhabitants had marched to the westward, the Indians who were dispersed in the woods about Oyster river, having diligently observed the number of men in Hucking's garrison, rushed upon eighteen of them, as they were going to morning devotion, and havingcutofftheirretreatto the house put them all to death except 1 who fortunately escaped. They then attacked the house, in which there were only two boys beside the women and children. The boys kept them their off for sometime and wounded several of them. At length the Indians set fire to the house and even then the boys would not surrender till the Indians had promised to spare their lives. The latter however perfidiously murdered three or four of the children, one of whom they fixed upon a sharp stake in the view of its mother. The women and children were �CAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE carried captive, but one of the boys made hk escape the next day. The next spring the Indians narrowly watched the frontiers to determine the safest and most vulnerabte points of attack. The settlement at Oyster was selected for destruction, and preparations being at length completed for the incursion, Sieur de Villieu with a company of 250 Indians and a French priest marched for this Oyster river is devoted spot. the streaiw which falls into the west branch of the Piscataqua river just below the present site of The Durham. settle- ments were on both banks of Here were twelve* the river. garrisoned houses amply sufficient for the reception of the inhabitants,but not apprehending any danger, many of the families remained in their unforti-, houses, and those who were in the garrisons were but fied indifferently prepared siege, as they were for a destitute of powder. The enemy approached the place undiscovered and halted near the falls. Here they separated into two divisions, one of which was to go on each side of the river and plant itself in small parties in ambush near the houses and to be ready for the attack at sunrise, for which a single gun was to be the signal. One John Dean, whose house stood near the falls, happening to rise very early for a journey before the dawn of day, was shot as he came out of his door. This fir- 123 ing partially deranged the plan, as several parties who were at a distance,had not then arrived at their stations. The inhabit- being generall)' a- ants also, some of then^ had time for escape and others to prepare for defence. The signal being thus given, the attack larrned, commenced on all points, where the enemy was ready. Of the twelve garrisoned hous- were destroyed, Adams', Drew's, Edgerly's,Meader's, and Beard's. The enemy entered Adams' without resistance where they murdered fourteen persons, whose graves can still be traced. Drew surrendered his garrison on promise of security but he was put to death. One of his children, only nine years old, was compelled to run through a line of Indians as a mark for their hatchets. Edgerly's garrison was evacuated, the peoes five ple one having of fled to their boats, whom was mortally attempting to escape. Beard's and Meader's were also evacuated and their inhabitants escaped. The unfortified houses were all set on fire, the peop4e being either put to death or captured in them. Some escaped by concealing themselves in the bushes and elsewhere. Thomas Edgerly having hid himself in his cellar preserved his house though it was twice set on fire. The house of John Bass the minister was destroyed together with his valuable library. He was absent at the time and his wounded in , �GAZETTEER OF NE\V-HAMPS«IRB. 124 John Davis, who family fled to the wife of John Dean who was the first person shot, was taken with her daughter and earned about two miJes up the river, where they were left under the care of an old Indian, while his companions returned to their bloody work, The Indian complained of a pain in his head, and asked the the house of woman what would enemy had reach<;d his house, he sent off his family in a boat and then fastening his grite he undertook alone the delence of his house. Contemning alike the promises and threats of his besiegers, he kept up a constant fire at them, changing his dress as often as he could, and giving orders aloud,asifhe had a company with him. Find- wife arid woods. The relieve him, she replied, occapee, (which is the Indian name for rum) and of which she knew he had carried away a bottle from her house. The medicine beingvery agreeable to his taste He he repeated the dose. soon fell asleep from its effects and she seized the opportunity into the woods, to escape where she lay concealed till the danger was over. The other seven garrisons were resoluti ly and successfully defended. The gat< of Burnham's happened to be left open man through the night. within, who had been kept awake by the tooth- ach, hearing the alarm gun, roused the people and secured the en- after a short resist iince sur- rendered on terms which were basely violated, as he and his whole family were either killed or made prisoners. Thomas Beckford preserved his house in a singular manner. It was situated near the river and surrounded by a palisade. Hearing the alarm before the and his ing their exertions unavailing, the enemy withdrew, leaving Beckford the sole master of a fortress which he had defended with such admirable adThree other garrisons, dress. being seasonably apprized of the danger. Were resolutely defended, and two Indians were killed in attacking them. Jones' garrison was sui-rounded before day, but its owner, hearing his dog bark and fearing that wolves were near, went out at that moment to secure some swine and returned uninjured. Having on his return ascended his wall, and observing the flash of a gun, he immediately dropped backward, and the ball entered the very place where family happily escaped. Their bloody purpose being thus again defeated, they attacked he stood. The enemy from behind a rock continued firing on the house for some time A trance, just as the enemy had reach< d it. Finding themselves disappointed at this point, the Indians immediately ran to pitman's, a defenceless house and forced open the door at the moment that he had burst his way through that end of thp house, which adjoined the garrison, to which iie �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIEE. aftd then ' ing it. Dur- the transactions priest took possession French . abandoned these of the meeting-house and employed himself in writing on the pulpit with chalk, but the house itself received no damage. Those parties of the enemy, who were on the other side of the river, having completed their work of destruction, assembled ip a field adjoining Burnham's garrison, where they insultingly displayed their prisoners and derided the inhabitants,supposing themselves out of the reach of the guns, one of them was shot from the sentry-box from the garriBoth divisions having son. then met at the falls where they had separated the evening before, marched to Capt. Wood- man's garrison. The ground being broken and hilly, they made their approach without and kept up a continuthe hats and caps, which our people held on sticks above the wall. At length fearing that the inhabitants from the neighbouring settlements would collect against them, the Indians retreated, having killed or captured between 90 and 100 persons and destroyed 20 houses, 5 of which were difficulty al fire at X 125 detained four years and endured every thing but death. She was delivered of a child in the winter, unsheltered from the storms, and being unable to nurse it, the Indians put it to After her return to her death. husband she had a family of 14 children. She lived to the age of 89 and her husband to They died within that of 93. two days of each other and were buried in the same grave. In ir03, the Indians made another incursion and killed one man. In 1704, several persons were murdered by them, and in 1705,"a small party attacked the house of John Drew, where they put eight people to death and wounded several others. The garrison was near but was at that time without a man in it. The women, finding their case desperate, put on the hats of their husbands and dressed themselves in other respects like men, and by keeping up a brisk Among the prisgarrisoned. oners were Thomas Drew and his wife who were recently married. He was taken to Canada, where he continued two years and was then ran- drove the before they had plundered or even attacked the house. John Wheeler acc^bsting this party and mistaking them for friendly Indians, unfortunately fell into their power and was killed, together with his wife and four childTwo of his sons secret* ren. ed themselves in a cove by the bank of the river. In 1707, two men were captured from Durham^ and two others were murdered as they were on a somed. She was carried to Norridgewock, where she was journey from that town to Dover. In 1 707, a party of Mq- fire, they enemy actually off, �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 126 hawks attacked a company of our men who were at work in the woods under the direction of' Capt. Chesley. At the first firethey killed seven and wounded another. Chesley, with his few surviving companions continued a brisk fire on the enemy, and for some time kept them off, but he at length fell, overpowered by numbers. He was deeply lamented as a brave In 1724, the Indians another incursion into this town, formed an ambush near the road and murdered officer. made several persons. The family of Col. John Davis of this town (who died at the age of 88,) were equally remarkable for longevity and superior stature. Five of them and one lived till the age of 85, to that of 99. E. deaths in this town were -283, making an annual average of about nine. The greatest number in any one year was 21, and the smallest number 2. Since 1771, the proportion has remained nearly the same. Eaton, a township in the northerly part of Strafford county, incorporated in 1766, and containing in 1810, 535 inhabitants bounded N. by Conway, E. by the eastern line of the state, S. by Ossipee Gore, and W. by Tamworth, containing about 27,637 acres. There are several ponds in this town ; Six Miles pond^ in the western part of the town, Cook^s^ Litthe tle^ Blair's^ ^c. ; and in S. E. extremity of the town There rises Legion mountain. are 5 saw-mills, 5 grain-mills, ; and 1 clothing-mill. Jackson is the only Elder settled minister here^ East-Kingston, a township in Rockingham county, situated in the southerly part It was incorof that county. porated in 1733, and contains 442 inhabitants. It is bounded N. by Exeter, E. by Kingston, S. by Southampton, and W. and N. W. by Kingston, and contains 6,200 acres of excelPowow river croslent land. ses the S. W. extremity of this town. was The Rev. settled Peter Coffin here in 1772, and has long since removed. There is here but one meeting-house. This town contains 3 cornFrom mills and 2 saw-mills. the year 1740 to 1771, the Effingham, a township in Straflford county, incorporated and now containing bounded N. 876 inhabitants W. by Ossipee Gore, E. by the state line, which separates it from Parsonsfield, S. E. by Wakefield, and S. W. by Ossipee, comprising an area of 34,938 acres. The great Ossipee river passes through this town in a westerly course, ever which is here a toll bridge 500 There is a feet in length. pond near this river 400 rods On the long and 270 wide. western side of this town lie the Green mountains. Rev. G. in 1678, : �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. Burt was ordained here in 1803, and dismissed soon after. There are in Efingh^gp, three religious societies tt^d 2 meetinghouses, 4 grain-mills, 4 saw- a cltothing-mill, and carding-machine. mills, Ellis River rises a on the 127 1 too rods long and 250 wide. There are here also East pond Maid pond^ and several smaller ones, in the whole comprising 2210 acres of water. The fourth N. H. turnpike leading to Lyman's bridge passes be- tween Mascomy pond and the mountain. At the west end of of the White hills in several small streams, near the source of Peabody river, and separating into two streams which unite in Adams, empties into the Saco at the Bartlett. tain near a easterly side Ellsworth, a township of mountainous land in Grafton county, bounded N. by Peeling, E. by Thornton, S. by Rumney, and W. by Warren. Its whole population is 142, and its area 15,606 acres. There a small pond in the S. E. part of the town, from which a stream flows into Pemigewasset river, and in the north part of the town is situated Cat mountain. There is here 1 corn-mill and 1 saw-mill. On is also a village of the shakers E. end of the moun- at the S. small pond, (see Canterbury.) Stony brook runs through the south part of the pond, and Mascomy rive^r falls into the pond of that name. ' Enfield contains 4 grain-mills, 5 saw-mills, 1 clothing-mill, 2 carding-machines, and an oilmill. is Enfield, a township in the lower part of Grafton county, incorporated in 1761, and now containing 1291 inhabitants. It is bounded N. E. by Canaan, S. E. by Grafton, S. W. by Cheshire county line which divides it from New-Grantham, and W. by Lebanon, comprising in this space 24,060 acres. the town pond stands the principal containing 30 or 40 dwelling-houses and a handsome meeting-house. There village, lies W. side of this the greatest part of N. Mascomy pond^ which is about Epping, a town in Rocking- ham county, (formerly a part of Exeter,) incorporated in 1639, and now containing a population of 1182. It is bounded N. by Nottingham and Lee, E. by Newmarket and Brent- wood, S. by Brentwood and W. by Nottingham Poplin, and and Raymond, and contains 12,760 acres. Lamprey river passes through Epping entering its southwest corner. In this town Patuckaway and North rivers fall into Lamprey river, the former in its western and the latter at its southeast part. On these streams are 4 grainmills, 6 saw-mills, and 1 clothing-mill. • �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMP^IRt. 123 The of Epping is exceladapted to almost all sorts of grain, grass, flax, &c. In the orchard of Capt. Towle of this town there is an appletree which in one year produced between 50 and 60 bushsoil lently els. The first minister of Epping was the Rev. Mr. Cutler who was ordained in 1747. Rev. Josiah Stearns, his successor, was ordained in 1758, and died Rev. Peter Holt, the in 1790. present minister, was ordained in 1793. In Eppiyig tht'Yt are 4 meeting-houses and 8 school-housIn the revolutionary war es. there were ten died among those who went from this town. The annual average number of deaths is about 13. Epsom, a township in Rockingham county, bounded N. by Pittsfield, E. by Northwood, S. by Allenstown, and W. by Pembrokt and contains about and in 1810 its Chichjester. It 19,200 acres, population was 1156. Suncook river passes through the westerly part of Epsom and receives Little Suncook from several small ponds in Northwood. In the northeast part of the town are several snaall mountains, viz. M^Roy^s, Fort, Nat^s, ^c. The Rev. John Tuck was ordained here in 1761, and was succeeded by the Rev. E. Hazeltine who died inl813. Rev. settled in 1815, J. Curtis was and is the present minister. The principal village in Epsom contains about 20 houses,a congregationakineeting- house, a school-hoii|% and several small stores. This town, like most others of its size in the state, has several religious societies. There are here many valuable mill seats. There are 7 grain-mills, 9 saw-mills, 2 clothing-mills, 2 carding-machines, and a cotton factory. Maj. Andrew M^Clary, a native of this town, fell at the battle of Breed's hill on June 17, 1775, after defendfew companing with a ions a temporary entrenchment thrown up a! few hours before. Attacked by an overpowering force of the enemy they retreated about one mile. The major in this action displayed great bravery and presence of mind. Inflamed by an ardent patriotism, like the Roman Camillus, he left his plough on the intelligence of war, and volunteered in the cause of his brethren, in which he was soon called to a command which he executed to his lasting honour, first Errol, a township in Coos county, situated on the western branch of Umbagog lake. It was incorporated in 1774, and contains only 38 inhabitants. bounded N. by Wentlocation, E. by the district of Maine, S. by Success and Paulsburgh,and W.by Millsfield, and contains 35,400 acres, 2,800of which are water. It is worth's Margallawa}'and Clear streams here unite with another stream r �129 GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE. flowing from Umbagog lake, and form in junction Ameris- coggin river. From the centre of this town to Stratford on Connecticut river the distance is 25 miles. Erving's Location is in Coos county, 118 miles from Portsmouth, bounded N. by Dixville, E. by Millsfield, and W. by Columbia andungranted lands No. 1. called Swamscot aborigines, an ancient Exeter, by the post townin Rockingham county, pleasantly situated at the head of tide waters and navigation on the southwest branch of Piscataqua river^ and equidistant from the metropolis Newburyport and in Essex Execounty, Massachusetts. ter was incorporated in the year 1639, and contained according to the last census, 1759 inhabitants. The township is of an irregular figure, of an area of 11,800 acres, and has for its boundaries Newmarket N. by Stratham E. and N. E. ; E. Hampton and Hampton-falls and S. E. ; Kensington S. Brentwood on the W. Exeter Fresh river takes its rise from a small pond in Sandown, running thence on the cornPoplin, ers of Hav/ke and thence into Chester and thence again into Poplin, Raymond, Brentwood, and Exeter^ near what are termed Pickpocket mills, pursuing from thence an easterly course till withone mile of the falls in ir ; ; where it receives Little river from the west, and mingles shortly after with the tide waters of the Swamscot, in the midst of a fine trading and manufacturing settlement. Exeter IS the second considerable town in the state, 50 miles N. of Boston, and 402 N. E. of It has a bank Philadelphia. with a capital of two hundred thousand dollars. It was formerly the seat of government, and many of the public offices of the state are still kept here. public edifices are two congregational churches, a bap-' tist meeting-house, an eleg..nt academy, a handsome courthouse, and a gaol. Beside the The celebrated Phillips Exeter there are here two English schools and ten or a dozen private schools chiefly It is well situatfor females. Academy ed for a manufacturing town, and has 2 fulling-mills, 2 carding-machines, 2 oil-mills, a woollen factory, 2 ext; usive cotton factories, a spinning and weaving factory, a tin ware, comb, and morocco factory, a gin distillery, iron works, a manufactory of ordnance and small arms, a paper mill, a great number of saw and gristmills, a printing-office, bookstore, book-bindery, &c. &c. The saddlery, shoe-making and diaise-making business is also carried on here to a very great In 1776, Col. Samuel Hobart erected a powder-mill in this town capable of manufacturing 2,100 pound of pow- extent. der per Week. It is not now �GAZETTEER OF 130 Before the revin operation. olution ship-building was an extensive and profitable branch of business here, and vessels of five-hundred tons burden were and floated down the river to Portsmouth and sold, or built employed in the West-India Since the last war it has altogether declined. Specimens of bog iron ore and some considerable copper pyrites have been discovered in Vitriol also, comthis town. bined in the same stone with sulphur, is found in its neighbourhood. In the year 1789, the remains of an Indian skeleton were dug up on the east side of the river in this town. It was in a perpendicular position and enclosed in a birchen hollow log. Some strings of wampum and twelve spoons, apparently of European manufacture, were found near it. trade. The skull was entire, the teeth remained in the jaws, and the hair, which was long, straight, and black, had sufl'ered neither decay nor injury. Phillips Exeter Academy in this town is a highly respectable, useful, and flourishing inIt was founded by stitution. the Hon. John Phillips, LL.D. A part of its funds 1781. appropriated to the support of candidates for the ministry or indigent scholars recommended for their genius and learnThere are in this acadeing. my nearly 80 scholars. It has a well selected library and a handsome philosophical apparaThe board of trustees tus. in is NEVV'-HAIMPSHIRE. consists of seven gentlemen, of the Hon. J.T.Gilman is whom president. The immediate instruction of the students is entrusted to a principal, a professor of mathematics and natural philosophy, and an assistant. The Rev. John Wheelwright the principal settler of this town, in 1638, removed from Braintree, (Mass.) then a part of Boston, where he was settled in the ministry. In the same year he united with several others in making a settle- Exeter, He was a gentleman of talents, piety and ment in learning. For other particulars of the original settlement of this place see page 52. The Indians did not comdepredations against this place till the year 1675, at which time they killed several persons here. In July, 1690, Col. Winthrop Hilton's garrison in this place was attacked and some lives were lost. In June, 1697, this town was preserved in a remarkable manner from a deep laid plot which the Indians had mence their formed against it. The enemy were planted in ambush near the town, and were discovered by some children who had ventured from home without a guard. The savages retreated without the loss on our side of more than one person. In 1710, Gol. Winthrop Hilton with a party of his neighbours, while at work in a field situate in that part of �131 GAZKTTEER OF NEW-HAM !'S HIRE. Exeter which is now called Epping, were attacked by the Indians, who barbarously murdered the colonel with two of his party, and captured two Emboldened with this others. success the enemy immediately entered the settlement and killed several other persons, some of whom were children. The southerly side. about 500 rods long The westerly and' 60 wide. side of the town is broken and elevated, but most of its land There is suited for grazing. on its latter is is in this town a baptist meet- ing-house, 8 or 10 mills, and 3 stores. a township county, situated on the southerly line of the state, which separates it from FiTzwiLLiAM, in F. Farmington in Strafford Cheshire in county was formerly a part of "Royalston and Winchendon Massachusetts. It is bounded incorpoIt was Rochester. by Richmond on the W., Marlrated in 1722, and in 18tO, conborough on the N., and Jaffrey tained 1272 inhabitants bounded N. E. by Milton, S. E. by and Rindge on theE., and conRochester,S.W.by Barrington, tains 26,900 acres,400 of which and N. W. by New- Durham, arc water. In this town lies South pond^ which is 320 rods comprising 20,811 acres. Cochecho river flows through long and 90 wide in its narrowand also Sip's pondy est pr.rt the N.E. part of this town,and Frost mountains extend 200 rods long and 100 wide. the ; ; through it from N. to S. From the summh-of this ridge, called Mount Washington^ the seacoast and a large part of the be seen. There is town a handsome meeting-house, several mills, and state may in this trading stores. FisHERSFiELD, a township Hillsborough county, incorporated in 1778, and now conin taining 563 inhabitants. It is bounded N. by New-London, E. by Sutton, 5. by Bradford, and W. by Cheshire county line^which divides it from Goshen and Wendell, comprising an area of 19,332 acres. In the north part of the town lies Sunapee pond. Todd pond is Fitzzvilliam was incorporated its population is It is situated oii 1310. the height of land south of the in 1773, and now Monadnock mountain, and its The soil is surface is hilly. rocky but well adapted to grass and to the cultivation of various kinds of grain. The low lands are covered with' pine, hemlock, and spruce. There are here also some valuable and productive meadows. Near the centre of the town is a large remarkable for the beautifully romantic prospect which and in the northwest it affords hill ; part of the town is Gap mountain^ which at a distance appears to be part of the Monadnock, and on which are found �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 134 The It is discovered in 1813. not extensive, and has not suers he was obliged to swin, across the Hudson river three limes. He is now living in been much worked. good health ly part of the town. mer for- v/as The latr productive, and probably v/as first It inexhaustible. worked about ten years ago. Its colour is white, mingled with a dark shade. It is easily manufactured with the saw or chisel, and is susceptible of Although of a a high polish. soft nature, it is very adhesive and heavy, 12 cubic feet weighAfter it is preing one ton. pared at the quarry, it is sold for gl,42 cts. per cubic foot. It is used for hearths, stoves, &c. In several parts of this town, large rocks of a globular form are found directly poised on the surface of others. Curiosities of this kind, of. which the cause certainly is mysterious, are common to many places in this Clay of a superior qualstate. ity for bricks is found in large ter at the is quantities in this town, and in some spots there have been seen stroDg indications of iron ore. Indeed several large pieces of good purity have been found. Richard who has , long resided in this town, was captured by the Indians during the last French war in the year Although guarded by 1756. two warriors, he was able by superior strength and agility to effect his escape, but not without the loss of all his He wandered entirenaked between the lakes George and Champlain for six clothes. ly days, eating nothing but berries and bark. To elude his pur- age of 77. L.w. Franconia, (formerly Morristown,) lies in the upper part of Grafton county, near the western side of the White mountains which form its eastern boundary. Lincoln and LandafF are its southern, Concord its western, and Bethlehem its northern boundary. The great Hay-Stack mountain is on the southe;isterly extremity of this town, and French and other mountains are within It contains 32,948 its limits. acres. Several branches of the great Amonoosuck rise in these mountains and pass through this town. Franconia was incorporated in 1760, and in 1810, inhabitants. contained 358 There is here an extensive iron factory establishment. The company was incorporated December 18th, 1805, and is composed principally of Boston and Salem gentlemen. The works consist of a blast furnace with a reservoir of water near the top as a precaution against fire, an air furnace, a steel furnace, a pounding machine to separate the iron from the cinders, a forge with four fires and two hammers, a turning lathe, and a trip-hammer shop with four fires and two hammers. There are also in this town a powder magazine, a saw-mill, a grist-mill, 10 or 12 dwelling- �GAZETTEKR OF MEVV-H AMPSHIRE houses, a store, and a warehouse. MojSt of the ore wrought here conveyed from Concord is mountain about 3 miles from There is also a the furnace. large tract of coaling ground belonging to the company, and a highly impregnated mineral spring about two miles from the furnace. Not very far from this establishment are the: upper Vvorks, called " the Haver- andFranconia ironworks," which wete incorporated in 1808. These are built on the hill same plan as the former, but their operations are not as yet so extensive. G. Gilford, a township in county, formerly a part of Gilmanton, incorporated in 1727", and now containing - Strafford about 1200 inhabitants. It is bounded N. by Winnipiseogee lake, E. by Alton, S. by Gilmanton, and W. by-a long bay which divides it from GilmanThere are here several ton. The sumlarge mountains. mits of two of them are witlyn 200 rods of each other, and about 2000 feet above the level of the towui On the souther- Gunstock mountain is Suncook pond^ which forms the northerly source oi Suncook ly part of river, ^ Gilford has two meetinghouses, which belong to no particular of denomination christians, 3 trading stores, 4 grain-mills, 3 saw-mills, and a 13J carding^machine. The- free will baptists have here a l.-rge church and socit-ty under the care of Elder Richard Martin, an aged and respectable minis- There is also a society of the regular baptists under the care of Elder Morrison. At ter. Meredith bridge, which unites town to Meredith, is a. handsome viUage containing about 25 dwelIing-houses,stores, &c. A meeting-house was lately erected here by the inliabitants of the two towns for the commcfh use of all orders of this christians. Gilmanton, a township in Strafford county, incorporated in 1727, and containing inlSlO, 4,338 inhabitants. It is bounded N. by Gilford, E. by Alton, S. E. by Barnstead, S. W. by Rockingham line, and N.W.by Winnipiseogee lake and bay which separates it from Sanbornton, comprising an area of Suncook river 58,448 acres. a pond of that Gilford line, the waters of which fall into another pond of the same name, which is larger than the former, being about 350 rods long and 175 wide. From thence it falls into a third pond of the same name 500 rods long and half as wide. There are several smaller ponds in this town, in one of which is the source oi Bow Cook river. There are in Gilmanton 5 20 schoolmeeting-houses, houses, a court house, a cotton rises here in name on factory, a nail factory, 9 grain- �GAZETTEKR OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 134 ly part of the town. The mer was discovered in It is 1813. not extensive, and has not suers be was obliged to swini across the Hudson river three times. He is now living in been much worked. good health The for- latr productive, and probably It v/as first inexhaustible. worked about ten years ago. Its colour is white, mingled with a dark shade. It is easily manufactured with the saw or chisel, and is susceptible of Although of a a high polish. soft nature, it is very adhesive and heavy, 12 cubic feet weighing one ton. After it is prepared at the quarry, it is sold for gl,42 cts. per cubic foot. It is used for hearths, stoves, &c. In several parts of this town, large rocks of a globular form are found directly poised on the surface of others. Curiosities of this kind, of. which the cause certainly is mysterious, are ter common to many placefe in this Clay of a superior qualfound in large quantities in this town, and in some spots there have been seen stroDg indications of iron ore. Indeed several large pieces of good purity have been found. Richard , who has long resided in this town, was captured by the Indians during the last French war in the year Although guarded by 1756. two warriors, he was able by superior strength and agility state. ity for bricks is to at the is effect his without clothes. the escape, but not loss of He wandered all his entire- naked between the lakes George and Champlain for six ly days, eating nothing but berries and bark. To elude his pur- age of 77. L.w. Franconia, (formerly Morristown,) lies in the upper part of Grafton county, near the western side of the White mountains which form its eastern boundary. Lincoln and Landaff are its southern, Concord its western, and Bethlehem its northern boundary. The great Hay-Stack Mountain is on the southetisterly extremity of this town, and French and other mountains are within its limits. It contains 32,948 acres. Several branches of the great Amonoosjick rise in these moun- and pass through this town. Franconia was incorporated in 1760, and in 1810, inhabitants. contained 358 There is here an extensive iron tains factory establishment. The company was incorporated December 18th, 1805, and is composed principally of Boston and Salem gentlemen. The works consist of a blast furnace with a reservoir of water near the top as a precaution against fire, an air furnace, a steel furnace, a pounding machine to separate the iron from the cinders, a forge with four fires and two hammers, a turning lathe, and a trip-hammer shop with four fires and two hammers. There are also in this town a powder magazine, a saw-mill, a grist-mill, 10 or 12 dwelling- �GAZETTPiKR OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE houses, a store, and a warehouse. Mo3t of the ore wrought here conveyed from Concord is mountain about 3 miles from There is also a the furnace. large tract of coaling ground belonging to the company, and a highly impregnated mineral spring about two miles from the furnace. Not very far from idj carding-machine. The free will baptists have here a lurge church and society urider the care of Elder Richard Martin, an aged and respectable minis- There is also a society of the regular baptists under the care of Elder Morrison. At ter. andFranconia ironworks," which wcte incorporated in 1808. These are built on the Meredith bridge, which unites town to Meredith, is a, handsome village containing about 25 dwelling-houses, stores, &c. A meeting-house was lately erected here by the inliabitants of the two towns for the commtfn use of all orders of same plan christians. this establishment are the upper works, called " the Haverhill as the former, but this their operations are not as yet GiLMANToN, a township in Strafford county, incorporated so extensive. G. Gilford, a township in county, formerly a part of Gilmanton, incorporated in 1727, and now containing Strafford about 1200 inhabitants. It is bounded N. by Winnipiseogee lake, E. by Alton, S. by Gilmanton, and W. by a long bay which divides it from Gilmanton. There are here several The sumlarge mountains. mits of two of them are witlyn 200 rods of each other, and about 2000 feet above the level of the town. On the souther- Gunstock mountain is Suncook pond^ which forms the northerly source oi Suncook ly part of river. , Gilford has two meetinghouses, which belong to no particular denomination of christians, 3 trading stores, 4 grain-mills, 3 saw-mills^ and a in 1727,and containing inlSlO, 4,338 inhabitants. It is bounded N. by Gilford, E. by Alton, S. E. by Barnstead, S. W. by line, and N.W.by Winnipiseogee lake and bay which separates it from Sanbornton, comprising an area of Suncook river 58,448 acres. Rockingham a pond of that Gilford line, the waters of which fall into another pond of the same name, which is larger than the former, being about 350 rods long and 175 wide. From thence it falls into a third pond of the same name 500 rods long and half as wide. There are several smaller ponds in this town, in one of which is the source oi Bow Cook river. There are in Gilmanton 5 meeting-houses, 20 schoolhouses, a court house, a cotton factory, a nail factory, 9 grain- rises here in name on * �GAZETTEER OF NEVV-HAMPSIIIRE, 136 10 saw-mills, 2 clothing- mills, carding-machine, an oil-mill, and 9 trading stores. a mills, GoFFSTOWNin Hillsborough county, is situated on the wes- §5000, raised by subscription. Merrimack river, bounded N. by Dunbarton, E. by Merrimack river, S. by Bedford, and W. by NtwBoston and part of Weare, and contains 29,170 acres. It was incorporated in 1761, and in 1810, contained 2000 inhabit- There ants. A handsome academy was incorporated and built here in 1 794, and opened for the reception of studentsDecember,! 797. It has generally from 30 to 50 students. Its funds are about is here a congregational church and society recently under the charge of the Rev. Isaac Smith,who died in March, 1817. There are several baptist societies,and one of friends. One term of the common pleas for the 1st district, is holden here annually. Hon. Joseph Badger, who town in the year 1760, was its first magistrate, and was highly instrumental in settled in this growth and prosperity. He for many years judge of probate, and resigned that office at the age of 70. its was GiLsuM, a township in Cheshire county, incorporated in 1763, and now containing 513 inhabitants. It is bounded N. by Alstead and Marlow, E. by Sullivan and Stoddard, S. by Keene, and W. by Surry. The eastern branch of Ashuelot river passes through this town. Gilswn has 1 meetinghouse, 2 grain-mills, and 2 sawmills. Elisha Fish who died in 1807, was its first ordained minister. The annual average number of deaths in this town is not more than 6. In 1813, 10 died here of the spotted fever. terly side of it is In the S. W. extremity of the town are the two Unconoonock mountains^ and in the S. E.part is the Amoskeag bridge and falls. Piscataquog river passes through ihis place. In 1771, Rev. Joseph Currier was settled here in the congregational order. Cornelius Waters andD.L.Morrill,have been his successors. There are in town 2 religious societies, 1 meeting-house, 8 trading-stores, 1 cotton factory containing about '30 spindles, 7 grain-mills, 20 saw-mills, 2 clothing-milis, and 2 cardingmachines. this Goshen, a township in Chescounty, incorporated in 1791, and in 1810, containing hire 563 inhabitants. It is bounded N. by Newport and Wendell, E. by the county of Hillsborough, S.by Washington,and W. by Lenipster and Unity, and containsl2,02oacres. Little Sugar river waters the north part of the town^ Sunapee mountain lies between Goshen and Fishersfield. Croydon turnpike passes through the west part of the town to ConThere is here necticut river. 1 grain-mill, 2 saw-mills, 1 �im GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. clothing-mill, and 1 distil- lerv. Grafton County is bounded W. by the west branch of Connecticut river, S. by the counties of Cheshire and Hillsborough, E. by Strafford, and N. by Coos. Beginning at Connecticut river, at the west extremity of Dalton and running on the west and south line of Dalton to Whitefield, thence on the west and south line of Whitefield to Bretton Woods, thence on the west and south line of Bretton Woods southeast extremity of thence south in a straight line across unlocated lands to the county of Strafford at the northerly corner of Tamworth, thence on the north and west line of Sandwich and on the south line of Holderness to Pemigewasset river, thence down that river to the N. E. extremity of New-Andover, thence on the northerly line of that town and on the northeasterly line of New-London to the N. E. extremity of Springfield, thence on the northerly line of Springfield, New-Gran- to the Weare, tham, and Plainfield to Connecticut river, and thence by that river to the place tioned. first men- This county contains35 townships and a large quantity of unlocated land. Its population by the last census was 28,462, of whom 4,837 were rateable There are in this counpolls. ty 29 stud-horses, 3827 other horses, 386 four years old, and 18 998 more than two years old, 3522 oxen,1308 four years old, 9981 cows, 50,084 three years old cattle, and 6107 over two years old. In 1812, there were also in this county 52 mules and 3 jacks, and 577 acres of orchard. Grafton county contains 36 houses for public worship, 1 academy, 83 grain-mills, 118 saw-mills, 24 mills for dressing cloth, 35 carding-machines, 1 49 trading-stores, and 1 oil-mill. The county prison is at HaverhiU, and the superior and infe- paper-mill, 21 distilleries, rior courts hold alternate sessions there and at Plymouth. The probate courts are holden at Haverhill, over, Plymouth, Han- Bridgewater, and En-^ field. Grafton, a township in the county of that name, lies about 13 miles southeast from Dartmouth college. It was incor- porated in 1773, and now contains 931 inhabitants. It is bounded N. E. bv Orange, S. E. by Cushing's Gore,S.W. by the line of Cheshire county which separates it from Springfield, and N. W. by Enfield and a part of Canaan, and contains 21,993 acres. Branches of Smith's river water the easterly part of the town,and Mascomy river its west part. There are here 2 baptist meetinghouses, 6 grain-mills, 6 sawmills, 1 clothing mill, 2 carding-machines, 2 stores, and 1 distillery. That (lassis species of specuiaris) mineral, commonly �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMl^HIRE. 138 called isinglass, is found in a state of great purity in Glass It hill mountain in this town. adheres in the form of lamina to rocks of white and yellow The usual size of quartz. these lamina is about 6 inches square, but some have been found 18 inches. This glass when prepared is transported to Boston, and from thence large quantities are exported to England, probably for ship It is found on the lanthorns. easterly side of the mountain, which is about 200 feet high. Many people are employed every summer in collecting it. Great Bay. The western branch of Piscataqua river is formed by Swamscot river, which flows from Exeter, Winnicot river which comes from Greenland, and Lamprey river which divides Newmarket from Durham these streams empty into a bay 4 miles wide, called Great Bay. The water in its ; further progress is contracted into a lesser bay, and there receives Oyster river from Durham, and Black river from Dover. The whole branch at length meets the main stream The tide Hilton's point. flows into all chese streams as far as the lower falls in each, and forms a very rapid current, especially at the seasons of the freshets, when the ebb continues about two hours longer Piscataqua than the flood. bridge is thrown over the lower extremity of Little bay. Newington lies on the eastern shore at this bay, Stratham and Greenland on the southern, and Durham on the northern shore. of Great Island. (See New- castle.) Greenfield, a township in Hillsborough county, incorporated in 1791, and containing in 1810, a population of 980. It is bounded N. by a part of Hancock and Franccstown, E. by Francestown and Lymleborough, S. by Temple, and W. by Peterborough, and coniains 16,904 acres, 187 of which are water. Contoocook river separates this tov/n from Hancockc There is here one pond about 200 rods long and 100 wide, besides several oth- A part of Cnotchet ?nauntain rises from the north part of this town, and there is also a mountainous tract in the southerly part. Greenfield contains a congrega- ers of less note. tion.al meeting-house, (in Rev. J. which Walker was ordained in 1812,) several mills, and 2 stores. Greenland, a township in Rockingham county, incorporated in 1703, and now containing592 inhabitants ; bound- ed N. by the Great Bay and Ncwingron, E. by .Portsmouth and Rye, S. by Northampton, and W. by Stratham, comprising 6,335 acres. The land here which borders upon the bay is of an uncommonly good quality, and in a high state of This part of the cultivation. �139 GAZETTEER OF NEW-KAMPSHIRE. water through is celebrated for producing excellent cider, large quantities of which are sold here by the The annually. parts of the town is light and sandy but not unproductive. Rev. William Allen, the first town was the Rev. S. Perley, who was ordained in 1779, and was succeeded by the Rev. William Rolf, who is the pre1 sent pastor. There is here congregational and 1 baptist town soi^ in otlier settled minister in this town, was ordained in 1707, and died in 1760, at the age of 84. His successors have been the Rev. Messrs. M'Clintock, Neal,and Abbot. The latter gentleman is the present minister. There meetingis here a spacious house for the congregationalists, and a very convenient one for the joint use of the methoThere are dists and baptists. also in this town 3 grist-mills, 2 saw-mills, and several trading GROTON,a township in Graf- ton county, incorporated in It was formerly called 1761. Cockermouth. Its population in 1810, was 549. It lies about 15 miles N. of Dartmouth col- bounded N. E. by Rumney, S. E. by Hebron, S. W. by Orange,and W. by Dorchester, and contains 16,531 and is town first niinister in this society, 1 meeting-house, 2 1 saw-mills, grain-mills, 4 carding-machine, and 1 distillery. H. Hall's Stream rises in the highlands which separate Vermont from Lower Canada, and falls into Connecticut rivcj at the N. W. extremity of Stew- Hale's Location is situatin Coos county, and is bounded N. and W. by ungranted lands, E. by Conway, and S. by Burton. It is 800 ed rods in length and 173 in width at its north, and 320 at northerly part is watered by of the several branches of Baker's river, and a number of streams which its south extremity. Hampstead, a township Rockingham county, was acres. The The arlstown. shops. lege, falling of a box, &c. m in- corporated in 1749, and contained in 1810, a population It is bounded. N. by of 75^' Hawke and Sandown, S. E; by New Found pond have Plaistowy-S. by Atkinson, and their sources here. There is in Groton an iron by Londonderry, and con400 of which are water. There is here Washpond^ containing about 200 acres, and a part^yf Islandpond Thi^ about the same size. fall into furnace for casting hollow ware. This furnace is heated bywood, and the fire is kept alive by the action of air put in motion W. tains 10,623 acres, �140 GAZETTEER OF NfiW-HAMPSSIRB. which latter 897 were male^ and 828 females. The largest number of deaths in any one There is a year was 69, and the smallest present minister. number was 7. In the year pleasant village in this town comprising 10 or 12 dwelling- 1737, 69 persons died here, 55 houses, a meeting-house, and of them by the throat distemOn the same year there per. several trading shops. died of that disease, 99 in Hampton, a township in Portsmouth, 88 in Dover, 210 Rockingham county, lying on in Hampton-falls, 127 in Exein Newcastle, 37 in ter, 11 It was incorpothe sea-coast. Gosport, 44 in Rye, 18 in rated in 1638, and contains a Greenland, 21 in Newington, population ot 990. It is bounded N. E. by Northampton, S. 22 in Newmarket, 18 in StratE. by the sea, S. W. by South ham, 115 in Kingston, 100 in Hanipton, and N. W. by a part Durham, and 22 in Chester, in of Exeter, and contains 18, 129 all about one thousand deaths from July, 1736 to September acres. Hampton was called by the 1737. In the year 1754, the same Its first Indians Winicowett. disease again visited Hampton minister was Stephen Bacheland carried off 55 persons. der, who was settled in 1638, In the year 1638, the generand dismissed in 1641. His Mr. al assembly authorized successors have been Timothy Dalton, John Wheelwright, (a Dummer of Newbury ,together brother of the celebrated Mrs. with John Spencer to erect a Hutchinson,) Seaborn Cotton, house in Hampton, which was John Cotton, Nathaniel Gook- afterward called the bound house, although it was intendjn. Ward Cotton, Ebenezer Thayer, William Pidgeon, Jes- ed .as a mark of possession se Appleton, (now president of rather than of limit. This step having been taken Bowdoin college,) and J. Webtoward population, a petition ster, the present pastor. Hampton is a valuable and praying leave to settle here, was presented to the assembly flourishing township, containby a number of persons chiefing two meeting-houses, and ly from Norfolk in England, in its compact part, many handsome buildings and several and the prayer was granted. An academy has re- They commenced operations shops. by laying out the township incently been opened here, which has much promise of useful- to 147shares,and having formed a church,they chose Stephen ness. Between the years 1731 and Bacheld&r for their minister, 1791, there were in this town with whom Timothy Dalton associated. afterwards 884 deaths and 1725 births, of was Rev. Henry True was settled here in 1/52, and died in 1782. The Rev. John Kelly is the �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. number of inhabwas 56, among whom were John Moulton, Christopher Hussey, William Sur- The original 141 N.E. by Hampton, S.E. by the marsh, S. by Seabrook, W. by Kensington, and N. W. by Exeter, and contains 7,400 a- itants salt geant, &c. cres. In July, 1617, the Indians having commenced their work of depredation and death, the government ordered 200,friendly Indians and 40 English soldiers under the command of Benjamin Swett of Capt. Hampton and Lieut. Richardmarch to the falls of soii to Taconee on Kennebeck river in the course of the march, Swett discovered in the place now called Scarborough, three parties of Indians stationed on a plain. He separated his men in the sa.me manner and prepared to attack them. The enemy continued to retreat, till they had drawn ©ur men about Theophilus Cotton, the first minister settled here, was ordained in 1712, and died 1726. His successors have been Rev. Joseph Whipple, Jonah Bailey, ; two miles from the fort, and then turning suddenly upon our youthful and unexperienced soldiers, they threw them into confusion. Swett, with a few of his most resolute companions fought bravely on his retreat, till he came near the fort where he was killed and 60 more left dead or wounded. On the 17th of August, 1703, a party of 30 Indians under Capt. Tour, killed 53 persons in Hampton, among whom was a widow Mussey, celebrated as a preacher among the quakers,by whom she was much lamented. Hampton Falls, a part of 570 inhabitants incor- now porated in 1712, and tains formerly Hampton, was ; con- bounded Paine Wingate, Samuel Langthe presdon, D. D., and ent minister. Rev. J. Abbot. There are here 2 meetinghouses, 1 for congregationalists and another for baptists, S grist-mills, 2 saw-mills, 1 cloth- and 1 carding-maJuly 26, 1730 to September 26, 1736, there were 210 persons destroyed here by the throat distemper, 160 of whom were under the age of 10, 40 between the ages of 10 and 20, 9 above 20, and several more than 30 years old. ing-mill, chine. From Hancock, a township In Hillsborough county, incorporated in 1779, and now containing 1184 inhabitants; bounded N. by Antrim, E. by Greenby Peterborough, and the line of Cheshire county, which divides it from Nelson, comprising within the field, S. W. by limits 19,372 acres. The south of Contoocook river separates this town from There is here a Greenfield. pleasant village, containing about 15 dwelling houses,stores, &c. a meeting-house, a cotton and woollen factory, S grist-mills, 5 saw-mills,2 cloth- branch ing-mills, and t carding-ma- �GAZETTEER OF NEW-IIAMPSHIRE. 142 Rev. Reid Page was chine. ordained here in 1791, and is the pi-esent minister. granted and suitable provision for the education of Indian youth, in such a manner as should appear most expedi- was made Hanover, a township in Grafton county ,incorporated in 1761, and now containing 21 35 ent for civilizing and christianizing them, also for the instruc- N. by the liberal arts and sciences. The institution, thus established, gradually grew into an use- inhabitants ; bounded Lyme, E. by Canaan, S. by by ConnectiIt is about 6 miles cut river. square and contains 27,745 a- Lebanon, and W. In the cres of land and water. river in front of the town there are three small islands, the largest of which is 75 rods long and 20 wide. Moose mountain extends across the town from N. to S. at a distance of 5 miles from the river. Grafton turnpike passes through the N.E. part of the town to Or- At a short distance from the colleges there is a handsome bridge, which con^ ford. nects this town with Norwich. There are in Hanover 2 meeting houses, centrally situated near the colleges, and 4 religious societies, 3 of which are of the congregational, and 1 of the baptist denomination. Th^ edifices of Dartmouth college are situated on a handsome plain in this town, about half a mile from the river in This institulatitude 43° 33'. tion derived its name from the right Hon. William, Eari of Dartmouth, who was one of its first and most generous benefactors. It was founded by the pio4is and benevolent Dr. Eleazer Wheelock, who in 1769, obtained a royal charter, wherein ample privileges were tion of English youth in all and flourishing seminary. In 1754, Dr. Wheelock, having collected large donations from different parts of England, Scotland, and America, and esful pecially from Mr. Joshua Moor of Mansfield, established a school for the instruction of Indian youth in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, to which he gave the name, of Moor's school. As the number of candidates for this school increased, itJae- came necessary to erect suita- That part of the country, where it was first established, having become populous, a removal was determined on. When this intention became publicly known, proposals were made by many private and public characters in several of the neighbouring colonies. The prudent foresight of the founder, sanctioned by the adviceofthe trustees inEngland in whose harrds the donations were lodged, and at the head of ble buildings. whom was the Earl of Dartmouth, induced him to accept proposals, which wer« made by the governor of New-Hampshire and other gentlemen in this state. The town of Hanover was accordingly fixed up- �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. on as the most convenient situation for the school. His excellency governor Wentworth soon annexed a charter for an university, December 13,1769, which received the name of Dartmouth college from its principal benefactor. The college received large donations of land including the whole township of LandafF, besides manv other wild tracts in different situations, amounting in the whole to 44,000 acres. A valuable lot of 500 acres in Hanover was selected as the site of the school and college. Besides these donations ofland, the sum of 340 pounds sterling was subscribed to be paid in labour, provisions, and matenals for building. September, 1770, Dr. Wheelock removed his family and school into the wilderness. In At first their accommodations were similar to those of other settlers. They erected log-houses, which they occupied till better edifices qould be The number of prepared. scholars at that time was 24, 6 of whom were Indians. In 1771, the first commencement was held, and degrees were conferred on four students, one of whom was John Wheelock, the son and successor of the founder. new The funds of this institution consist chiefly of lands, which are increasing in value with the growth of the country. The annual revenue from these lands is not far from §2000 and that arising from tuition 143 has beenS2i00.The number of students has generally averag- edlOO. A grammar school sisting of about ars is con- 50 or 60 schol- annexed to the college. The immediate instruction and government of the college entrusted to the president, is also professor of history,) a professor of mathematics and natural philosophy, a professor of languages, a professor of divinity, and two is (who During the forty-three the college was tutors. years since founded, grees whom men. it has conferred de* upon 1163 students, of 330 have been clergyThe whole rtumber of students during that period has been 1387, of whom 225 have died. There is attached to this seminary a handsome library and a complete philosophical apparatus. In 1786, a new college was erected three stories high, and 150 by 50 feet, containing 36 rooms for students. There are several other buildings belonging to the institution.* * III consideration of the present conis now pending' on the concerns of this institution,a particular ac-; count of its present government is omitted. In 1815, the trustees removed from office the president (Hon. John test, which Wheelock) and appointed Rev. Fran- Brown as his successor. In the course of the same year the legislative and executive government of NewHampshire erected a new board of trustees and appointed a new set of executive officers, to whom the old trustees and the old officers refuse to surrender the property or the instruction of the college, until It shall be judicially decidetl, whether the legislature have any power to make the above cis �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE 144 Commencement is holden on first Wednesday of Au- the There are three vacafrom commencement three and a half weeks, another from the first Monday of January, eight and a half gustt tions, the first weeks. The medical ment here is departrespectable and It was esextremely useful. For the tablished in 1798. lectures on anatomy the professor is furnished with valuable preparations, and in the chemical department there is a well furnished laboratory. The lectures on anatomy, surgery, chymistry,materia medica, and the theory and practice of physic commence on the first Wednesday of October and There continue eight weeks. are about 4000 volumes in the college library, and about 2000 in the libraries formed by the students. Moor's Indian school is connected with the college, having the same trustees and presiIts annual revenue is dent. from S400 to S600. interference. The students generally have followed the old government although the new-officers have taken possession of the public rooms, the library, apparatus. Sic. The old gov- ernment consist of president Brown, and professors Adams and Shurtleff. The new officers are the Rev. William Allen (acting President,) and professors Dean and Carter. We express no opinion on the merits of the unhappy controversy which has produced this singular situation of the college. It is ardently hoped, that the questions pending will soon be decided and the irfstitution resume its former usefulness and prosperity. Hon. John Wheelock died in April, 1817. Haveehill, a township on Connecticut river in Grafton county, incorporated in 1713, and containing in 1810 a population of 1 105 ; bounded N. E. b}' Bath, E. by Coventry, S.W. by Picrmont, and W. by Connecticut river, containing o4,340 acres. Sugar loaf mountain lies on the eastern side of the town bordering on Coventry. Oliverian river passes through the southerly extremity of Haverhill and falls into Connecticut river at the compact village. Fisher's brook passes above the centre of the town and falls into the river at the GreatOx-bow or litde bend. There have been three bridges thrown from bury, (Vt.) this town to There is New- a hand- some village in the southwest part of the town, containing 50 or 60 dwelling-houses, an elegant meeting-house, a courthouse, a county-prison, an academy, 2 smaller meetinghouses, 3 grain-mills, 5 sawmills, 1 clothing mill, a carding- machine, and an oil-mill. Irop ore is found in this town and also a quarry of free-stone suitable for hearths and chimney pieces. The superior court hold its sessions here for the county of Grafton. HAWKE,a township in Rock" ingham in 1769, county, incorporated and now containing 412 inhabitants bounded N. by Poplin, E. by Kingston, S. by Hampstead, and W. by Sandown, extending over 7000 : acres. Exeter river passes �GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE. over the N. W. extremity of the town, and a part of Chub pond lies in that part of the town which borders on Sandown. Hatvke was formerly a part of Kingston. The Rev- John Page was settled here in 1763, and died in 1783, at the age of 43. There is here an ancient meeting-house and several mills. Hebron, a township in Grafton county, containing a population of 563. Its shape is irregular and is bounded N. by a part of Rumney, E. and N. E. by Plymouth, S. E. by Bridgewater and a part of Alexandria, S. W. by Orange, and N. W. by Groton. It contains 13,350 acres, 1500 of which are water. Hebron has 1 meeting-house, several school-houses, mills, and a distillery. 145 the town is a pleasant village, containing about 25 dwellinghouses, 2 meeting-houses for congregationalists, and 1 for 1 dis- quakers, 1 tillery, la another part of the oil-mill, and town there is 1 meeting-house, 4 grist-mills, 6 saw-mills, 1 clothing-mill, and 1 cardingmachine. Rev. Jacob Rice was ordained here in 1769, and his successor Rev. Moses Sawyer is still in office. Hillsborough, a township county of that name, incorporated in 1772, and now containing 1592 inhabitants; bounded N. by Bradford, E. by Henniker, S. by Deering and Antrim, and W. by Windsor and a part of Washington, comprising an area of 27,320 acres, 500 of which are water. in the There are several ponds in town, the largest of which, Lion pond is about 300 rods long and 200 wide. Contoocook river waters this town, and the 4th N. H. turnpike passes through it. There is here a small village, containing lOor 12 dwelling-houses,4gristmills, 6 saw-mills, 1 factory, 1 carding-machine, and 1 distillery. The Rev. J. Barnes was ordained here in 1773, Rev. Stephen Chapin and Seth this Henniker, a township in Hillsborough county, situated on the banks of Contoocook river, containing in 1810, a population of 1608, and bounded N.W. by Warner and the S. E. extremity of Bradford, N. E. by Hopkinton, S, E. by Weare and the N. part of Deering, and S.W.by Hillsborough, comprising an area of 26,500 acres, 135 of which are water. There are only two consid erable ponds in this town, Long pohd^ 270 rods long and 80 wide, and Round pond. Contoocook river passes through the town from W. to E. On the banks near the centre of 19 ^ Chapin the present minister have been his successors. Hilton's Point on Piscataqua river forms the S. E. extremity of the town of Dover wher'*, the main river is formed by the junction Ne- �M6 GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE. wichawannock and Cochecho southern and rivers with the western branches. From this point to the sea the distance is 7 miles, and the course S.to S. The current is here so E. rapid that it never freezes. Hinsdale lies in the S. W. extremity of Cheshire county, and is bounded S. by Connecticut river which separates (Vt.,) N. Chesterfield. from Vernon it and Its by E. southern line extends to Mas- sachusetts and adjoins Northfield. Its area is 14,000 acres. Hinsdale was incorporated in 1753, and in 1810, it con- tained 740 inhabitants. Ashu- junction here with the Connecticut. The 6th N. H. turnpike passes through this plar.e to BrattleboroMgh (Vt.) West river mountain rises from the bank of the river,neai* the borders of Cheselot river forms its This town was formerly called Fort Dummer, and its situation is pleasant. There is here a baptist and a terfield.- congregational meeting-house, and a few mills, several stores. prisoners. How and town were attacked from an ambush, and How was killed. The Indians proceeded to the fort, where In July, 1 775^ Mr. Grout of Mr. this the families of these men residThe people within, heared. ing their approach and being anxious to learn the cause of the fi.ring they had just heard, impatiently opened their doors upon the savages, whom in the dusk of the evening they mistook for their friends. The families consisting of 14 persons were made prisoners, among whom was the wife of How. (See Belknap, Vol. III.) HoLLis, a townshipin Hillsborough county, incorporated in 1746, and containing in 1810, a population of 1529 bounded N. by Amherst and Millford, E. by Dunstable, S. by the line of the state, W. by Brookline, ; Fort Dummer was built in 1740, at the expense of Massachusetts, and there was also another fort here, called Hinsdale and Bridgeman der the command of captain Willard discovered a party of the enemy in ambush near the mill, whom they put to flight with the loss of their packs. On the 8th of December,1747, Hinsdale fort was bravely defended by four families, a fort was burnt and several persons were killed and others taken fort. On comprising 19,620 There are here sevei-al acres. ponds, the 26th of June, 1746, a attacked of Indian's Bridgeman fort,killed one per- Long^ and Rocky pondsy averaging from 3 to 600 acres each. Nis- son and captured several othThe inhabitants dared ers. go to mill without a not guard, and several of thera un- sitisset river party \\x. Flint's^ Penechuncky crosses its S. W» extremity, and Nashua river its S. E. on which are two falls of eleven feet each. There is �gazetteer; of new-hampshire. here a small village containing a congregational meetingRev. Daniel Emerhouse. son was settled here in lf43, and died in 1810, aged 86. Rev. Eli Smith, his successor, is the present pastor. There are in this town many valuable mill seats and several in Hillsborough county, incorporated in 1765, and now containing 2216 inhabitants ; bounded N. by Bossawen and Warner, E. by Concord, S. by Bow, Dunbarton,andWeare, and W. by Henniker, comprising 26, acres. Contoocook river has a serpentine course through town and receives Black water and Warner riv- this There is in this town a handsome village containing about 50 dwelling-houses, a coners. gregational meeting-house,several stores, mechanic shops, &c. There is also in other parts of the town a baptist and several other meeting-houses. The soil in Hopkinton is generally of an excellent quality. Rev. Stephen Scales was ordained here in 1757, and removed in 1770, his successors have been Rev. Elijah Fletcher, Jacob Cram, and Ethan Smith the present paster. Elder Abner Jones was ordained over the baptist church in 1814. Hopkinton is upon the whole a handsome flourishing and town. One term of the superior court and one of the common pleas is held here annually. On the 27th of April, 1746, a party of Indians entered one of the garrisoned houses in this town, the door having been accidentally left open. Eight of the people were carried off, and several of them died in captivity. mills. HoPKiNTON, a township 967 14f Indian Stream rises in the lands which divide this state from Lower Canada, and is UHdoubtedly the most northhigh ern branch of Connecticut rivFrom its source to Stewartstown, a distance of 30 miles, its course is direct. er. IflNGLAss River has its source in Bow pond on the county line between Northv/ood and Harrington, receives the waters of several ponds in Barrington and falls into Cochecho river at the south part of Rochester. Israel's River receives a southerly branch which flows from the northern side of the White hills and the township of Durand, and a northerly branch from Kilkenny and Northumberland. These bran* ches unite at Lancaster in a main stream which falls into Connecticut river, on the westerly side of Lancaster village. This is a beautiful stream, and bordered with highly cultivated lands. J. jAFFREY,a township hire in Ches- county, incorporated in �MS CA^ETTfiER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 1773, and containing in 1810, 1336 bounded N. by Dublin, E. by Cheshire county line, which separates it from Sharon and Peterborough, S. by Rindge and Fitzwilliam, and W. by a part of Fitzwilliam and Marlborough, comprizing an area of 25,600 acres, of which 987 are water. The north boundary of the a population of ; town crosses the Grand Monadnock mountain, which is more than 2000 feet in height. Long pond m. the north part of the town is 400 rods long and 140 wide. Gilmore pond is 300 long and 180 wide. The 3d N. H. turnpike passes thrifUgh this eral town, and near it is a minspring about one mile S.E. of the Grand Monadnock. company has been incorporated for the management of its waters. Red ochre has been found near the spring;, and in its vicinity have been discovered black lead, copperas^ alum, sulphur, and an ore yielding from the action of a common forge, a copper coloured metal. On the N.W.side of the mountain a cave has been discovered, difficult of access, although it has an area 80 feet square. Here is found also that rare A and valuable tain ash. A tree, the mouncompany was in- corporated in this town in 1813, for the manufactory of cotton and woollen goods, their fac- on t>he turnuppermost factory on Contoocook river,and is intended to employ 1000 cot- tory pike. is situated It is the ton spindles. There are several mills in its vicinity. Another company has been incorporated in this town for manufacturing the various kinds of crockery and earthen Belonging to this comware. pany is an extensive mine of white clay in the town of Monkton (Vt.) whence it is transported to Jaffrey. This clay has been analyzed and compared by skilful chemists with that from which the white ware is European made and no has been discovered. The practicability of the above plan has been fully ascertained by the progress already made in the mandifference in quality Rev. Laban Ainsworth was ordained here in 1782, and is still in office. There are here a baptist and a congregational society, for each of which there is a meetingufacture. house. Jefferson, a township ia Coos county formerly called Dartmouth, lying on the banks of Israel's river, which passes from its southern to its western extremity. It was incorporated in 1765, and now contains about 200 inhabitants. It is bounded N. by Barker's location and a part of LanE. by Kilkenny, S. caster, ungranted by lands and Bretton Woods, and W^ by Bretton Woods and Whitefield, cres, ter. comprising 26,076 300 of which are a- wa- �149 GAZEXrEER OF N^EW-HAMPSHIRE. Pondcherry pond in this town 200 rods in diameter, and forms the source of one of the branches of John's river. Pondcherry bay is about 200 rods long and 100 wide. In the N. E. part of the town lies Plinny mountain and in the S. W. part is Pondcherry moimis ' The Jefftrson turnpike tain. passes through this place to Lancaster. There are here 2 grain-mills and 1 saw-mill. John's River has the source of its most southerly branches in Bretton Woods, Whitefield, and Dalton, of its middle branch in Pondcherry pond^ and of its northern, in Martin's meadow in LancusThese branches unite in tcr. the upper part of Daltan in a main stream, which falls into the Connecticut river at the upper bar of the 15 miles falls. The mouth is here 30 yards wide. while ascending was astonished at the singular appearance of the stones, which form the body of the mountain as well as of those which lie on its They all appear to surface. have been once in a fluid state, or to have composed the bottom of some sea. The large masses, as well as the detached pieces, were full of small pebbles of all sizes,forms, and colours, confusedly thrown The together and cemented. small stones retain their perfect shape in the solid mass of which they form a part. The whole appearance in short, inthese pebbles dicated, that were once in a separate state and were consolidated by some unknown ' cause. Kearsarge Mountain, in Hillsborough county, lies partly in Kearsarge Gore and partly in Sutton. Its easterly ex- tremity extends to New-Salis- This is bury and Andover. one of the second vange in the K. state. Kearsarge Mountain, in Kearsarge Gore, Coos county, lies on the dividing line between Bartlett and This is the third Chatham. borough county, range of mountains in the state. Its height has not been ascer- in Hills- on the habitants, tained. A gentleman, who resides neighbourhood of this range observes, that in October, 1812, he went in company with two of his neighbours to view the mountain, which lies on the north of Conway, and in the southerly mountain. lies side of Kearsarge It contains 152 in- and is bounded N., by Wilmot, E. by Salisbury, S. by Warner, and W. by Sutton, comprizing an area of 428 acres. In the year 1807, that part of Kearsarge Gore together with a part of New-London was incorporated into a town by the name of Wilmot. �150 GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE, Keene, one of the pal townships in princi- the county incorporat- of Cheshire, was ed in 1752, and in 1810, <;on- tained 1646 inhabitants; bounded N. by Gilsum, Surry, and Westmoreland, E. by Surry and Roxbury, S. by Swansey, and W. by Chesterfield and Westmoreland, and contains 23,843 acres. Ashuelot river passes thro' this town and receives here the eastern branch of Beaver brook. The 3d N. H. turnpike has its course through here, and meets the branch and Chester turnpikes and several other principal roads. Keene contains a very handsome village of about 60 dwelling housbank, es, a meeting-house, court-house, gaol, and several stoies, &c. About a mile from the village, a canal is cut from Ashuelot river, on which is a woollen factory,an oil-mill, and several other mills. were to rush the fort. in and surprize Ephraim who happened to Dounan go out very early discovered the ambush and gave the alarm. He brave- defended himself against 2 Indians, from one of whom he took a gun and a blanket, which he carried to the fort. The Indians succeeded in burning several houses and barns, and from the bones found among the ashes, it was ascertained that several of the enemy were destroyed in the flames. John Bullard and Nathan Blake were taken captive and carried to Canada where Blake remained 2 years. He died in Keene 181 1, at the age of 99. He was one of the of this place, to first settlers ly which he removed in 1736, from Wrentham, (Mass.) He married a second wife at the age of 94. Two of his brothers lived to the age of 90, and a sister to 100. The Rev. Jacob Bacon was in 1738, and has been succeeded by the Rev. Messrs. Carpenter, Sumner, and Hall, the latter of whom died in 1814. This town was formerly settled here Upper Ashuelot. In 1746, the Indians commenced their depredations here, and in the course of the next year they formed a plan to surprize the fort in this place. In the evening they concealed themselves in a swamp, where they intended to lie till the people should go out to their work the next morning, when they called Kensington, a townehip in Rockingham county, incorporated in 1737, and now containing 781 inhabitants; bounded N. by Exeter, E. by Hampton Falls, S. by Soutlxampton, and W. by East-Kingston. Kensington was formerly a part of Hampton. Rev. Joseph Fogg was settled in this town time of its incorporation There are and died in 1 800. here two religious societies and two meeting-houses. at the Kilkenny, a township in Coos county, of an irregular �GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE. I'orm and mountainous surface, incorporated in 1774, and now containing only 28 inhabitants ; bounded N. E. by Durand, Mainsborough, Paulsburg,and Dummer, N. and S. by ungranted lands, and W. by Barker's location, Jefferson, Lancaster, and Piercy, and con- A branch of Nashes stream crosses the northerly extremity of this tains 15,906 acres, town and Israel's river its southern. Kingston, a township in Rockingham county, incorporated 1694, and now containing a population of 746 ; bounded N. by Brentwood, E. by East-Kingston, S. by Newton and Plaistow, and W. by Hampstead and Hawke, containing 12,188 acres, of which Great pond^ 800 are water. containing about 500 acres, and about 300 acres of County pond are in this town. In these ponds Powow river has its source. Ward Clark was setand died in Rev. Messrs. Secomb, 1737. Tappan,and Thayer have been post road his successors. leading from Boston to Portsmouth passes through this town. There is here an ex- Rev. 151 back mountain. Taking a southerly course,it passes into Deerfield and receives the waters of Martin's pond, and in Candia a stream called Second river falls into es into it. Thence it Raymond, where passit re- western a branch. I'hence taking a southerly direction, it unites with the waters of Jones' pond in Deerfield, and thence as it flows on through Epping, it receives Petuckaway river, and after a bend to the N. E. it receives North river. After a course thence through Lee to Durham, it unites with Piscasick river from Newmarket. It meets the tide water about two miles above the Great bay. ceives Lancaster, a township m Coos couHty, on the eastern bank of Connecticut river, incorporated in 1763, and containing in 1810, a population of 717 inhabitants. It is bound- ed N. E. by Northumberland and Kilkenny, S. E. by Barker's location and a part of tensive W. by Dalton, by Connecticut river, containing 23,480 acres. It lies about 50 miles above Hanover. In this town is Martin^& meadow pondy about 260 rods long and 150 wide, and also Martinis meadow hill on the Lamprey River has its source in the town of Northwood, on the W.sidc of Saddle The north side of the pond. village is about one mile distant from the river, and contains a meeting-house, courthouse, gaol, &c. Through this village passes Israel's river which falls into the Connecti- tled here in 1725, A plain on which stands a commodious meeting-house. L. Whitefield, S. and W. �GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 152 Incut at the Great Ox-bow. dian brook waters the other extremity of the town. Lancaster is united by a bridge There with Guildhall (Vt.) are here several grain-mills and saw-mills, an oil-mill, a qlothing-mill, and a cardingmachine, a nail-factory, and 2 distilleries. The Rev. J.Wil- lard is the minister here. Landaff, in Grafton coun- was incorporated in 1794, and now contains 650 inhabitants. It is bounded N. E. by Concord (Vt.) and a part of Franconia, E. by Lincoln and taining 632 inhabitants. It is bounded N. by Charleston, Ac worth and Alstead, by Acworth and Walpole, and W. by Charleston, comprising 9,891 acres. The Cheshire turnpike leading \ from Walpole to Charleston passes through this town. Cold river flows through Langdon and E. by S. receives here its northern branch, which passes thro' Unity, Acworth, and Charleston. ty part of Peeling, S. W. by Coventry, and W. by Bath, comprising 29,200 acres. a Through this town passes Wild Amonoosuck river, the on the north bank of which is it contemplated to extend the Bath Over turnpike. the west extremity of Landaff^ the Great Amonoosuck passes. Landa^ mountain J Cobble mountain^ and Bald head mountain are in this town. Landa^was granted to Dartmouth college in 1769. There is here a methodist meeting-house, 2 cornmills, and 2 saw-mills, 2 distilleries, and 4 shops. The first ordained minister of the town was Elder Royse. The centre of Landaff is about 9 miles 5^. from Connecticut river. - Langdon, a township in Cheshire county, 5 miles east from Connecticut river, incorporated in 1787, and now con- Lebanon, W. in the S. a township lying part of Cheshire county, incorporated in 1761, and now containing 1808 inhabitants bounded N.by Hanover, S. E. by Enfield, S. by the line of Cheshire county, which separates it from Plainfield, and W. by Connecticut river which separates it from Hartford (Vt.) its area is ; 22,998 acres. The Croydon turnpike and the 4th N. H. turnpike pass through this town to Lyman's bridge. At White river empties this place itself into the the Connecticut. White river turnpike meets the two roads Here also above mentioned. Mascomy river flows through Lebanon from a pond of the same name, on the borders of There are here 2 reEnfield. and 1 meetinghouse for the cqngregationalists, over whom Rev. J.Porter was ordained in 1772. Lebanon contains 8 grist-mills, 9 ligious societies saw-mills, 3 clothing-mills, distillery, and 4 shops. 1 �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMP^SHIRE. Lee, a township in the south part of the county ot Strafford, incorporated in 1 766, and now containing a population of 1329 bounded N. by Madbury, E. by Durham, S. inhabitants ; by Newmarket and Epping, and W. by Nottingham and Barrington, comprising an area of 11,467 acres, 165 of which are water. In the north part of the lies Wheelxiiright pond, 165 acres, containing about and forming the principal source of Oyster river. From the N. W. extremity of Newmarket, Lamprey river enters Lee, and after a serpentine course of about seven miles it town Anothpasses into Durham. er part of the town is watered and North rivThrough the north part of Lee the N. H. turnpike by Little river er. 153 Washington, S. by Marlow, and W. by Acworth, comprising an area of 21,410 acres. Near the border of Washington is a pond about 320 rods long and 80 wide, and another lying partly in Marlow 420 long and 70 wide, besides several others of a smaller size. Lempster is also watered by Sugar river and two branches of Cold river. The easterly pait of the town is mauntainonis, over which part passes 2d N. H. turnpike from Amherst to Claremont. In the town also the Charleston turnpike branches off. There are here 7 school-houses, and congregational 1 meetinghouse. Rev. E. Fisher was the first and only minister ever settled in this town. He was ordained in 1787, and is this still in office. from Portsmouth to Concord. There is here a Friend's meeting-house and another for several grist and the baptists In 1812, eighteen persons died in this town, and twelve of them of the spotted fever. In 1813, five others died of that disease. This fever first a appeared in Lempster on the 20th of March, 1812, and continued spreading its malignant contagion till the 3d of April. In 1813, it again appeared about the middle of April, and passes ; saw-mills, 1 clothing-mill, carding-machine, and several Lee was formerly a shops. part of Durham and Dover. The first settled minister here was Elder S. Hutchins, who has been succeeded by Elder Elias Smith, and the present pastor Elder J.-Osborn. Lempster, a township in Cheshire county, incorporated in 1761, and containing inlSlO, a population of 845 inhabitants. Unity, It is E. bounded N. by by Goshen and 20 in June it assumed the form of the mild typhus. In 1803, twenty-four children died here in two months of the scarlati- na an^inosa. j.s. T.A. Lincoln, a mountainous Grafton county, incorporated in 1 764, and now township in �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 154 100 inhabitants containittg bounded N. by Franconia, E. by ungranted lands, S. by Peeling, and W. by Landaff, ; comprising an area of 32,456 here in 1765, and removed ia 1781. His successors have been Rev. Messrs. Rand and Kennedy, and another gentleman lately ordained. acres. In this trown is situated the Hay-Stack ?nountainy which is said to be the highest land in the state excepting the White There are also mountains. several other lofty eminences in this town. Through the centre of Lincoln passes er in a Pemigewasset northerly riv- direction. The waters descending from the mountains here flow partly into the Merrimack and partly In the into the Connecticut. north part of this town there are two large gulfs, made by an extraordinary discharge of water from the clouds in 1774. Litchfield, a small township in Hillsborough county, lying on the east side of Merrimack river opposite to the town of Merrimack. It was incorporated in 1 749, and contained in 1810,382 inhabitants. It is bounded E. by Londonderry and Nottingham West, by Nottingham West, and by the Merrimack. In this town are CromwelPs falls ThorntorCs and and Jerry, ReeiTs ferries, zr\d Maoris falls. At Thornton!s ferry the Merrimack is 50 rods wide, and in There other points about 28. are in this town several mills and one meeting-house. Rev. Samuel Cotton was ordained S. W. Littleton, a township in the northern extremity of Grafton county, incorporated in 1784, and now containing 876 inhabitants. It Is bounded N. E. by Dalton, S. E.by Bethlehem, S. W. by Concord and Lyman, and W. by Connectiwhich separates it from Waterford and Concord in Vermont. Its area is 24, 217 acres. Zz7?/d'^on extends on the banks of the Connecticut about 14 cut river, It is connected with Concord, (Vt.) by a handsome miles. bridge. The southern part of the town is watered by the Amonoosuck river. There are here several mountains, viz. Bluberry,Black,-And Iron mountains. There are sevt;ral mills, a in this town meeting-house, and about a dozen dwellinghouses. Little Harbour. (See Newcastle.) Londonderry, a large and respectable town in Rockingham county, was incorporated in a 1722, and contained in 1810, population of 2766 inhabi- bounded N. by and M^inchester, E. by Hampstead, Sandown, and Atkinson, S. by S.sh m, Windham, and Nottingham West, and W. by Litchfield, comtants. Chester It is �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. prising an tirea of 44,100 acres. Derry pond town is the principal source of Beaver in this Several other small ponds in the west part of the town empty themselves into this river. turnpike passes here leading to Chester. There are in Londonderry 2 presl>yterian meeting-houses, an academy, 5 grist-mills, 5 saw-mills, 2 clothing-mills, 2 carding-machines, and 6 trading stores. The first minister here was the river. A Rev. James M'Gregore, who was ordained the town was when Nui field. 17"! 9, in called He Rev. M. died in 1729. Clark was his successor, who died soon after his settlement. Rev. Alexander Thompson was ordained in 1734, and died in 1791, at the age of 81. His successors have been the Rev. Messrs. Brown and Parker, 156 an ardent thirst for civil and relV-rious liberty. A young mun of the name of Holmes, son of a clergyman, had travelled to America, and earned home such a favourable report of the country, as induced his father with three other presbyterian ministers, viz. James M'Gregore, William Cornwell, and William Boyd, and a large part of their congregations to emigrate Having converted their property into money, they embarked in five ships on the 14th of October, 17l8,-of whom about one hundred families arrived in Boston. Sixteen of these families soon rletermined to settle on a tract of land of which they into this country. heard good reports, which was then called Nutfield, and Londonderry. Karly now the latter of whom is the preOver the second sent pastor. parish the Rev. D. M'Gregore the spring the men left their families in Haverhill, (Mass,) and erected some huts near a brook, was ordained which in 1777. in 1737, and died He was succeeded by Rev. William Morrison 1783, who still continues in in office. Londonderry was settled in 1718, by a company from Ireland, of whom the following A a brief history. company of Scotch presbyterians had been settled in the province of Ulster, in the reign of James They had borne a large I. part of the sufferings which were the common lot of protestants at that unhappy period, and were thereby inspired with is On in falls into Beaver river. the evening after their ar- nth, 1718,) at this sermon was preached by Mr. M'Gregore under a large oak tree, which to this day is regarded by the posterrival (April spot, a ity the with real veneration. On first administration of the sacrament here, there were two ministers and sixty-five communicants. The majority of these first settlers had resided in or near Londonderry in Ireland, where they had endured the sufferings of a memorable siege. John Barr, William �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHmE. 156 Caldwell, and Abraham Blair, with several others, who had suffered in that siege and em- barked for America, were, by a special order of king William, exempted from taxes in every part of the British dominions. The first town lived 80, many settlers in this to the average df to 90, and others to bove Haverhill, incorporated in 1761, and containing 018 inhabitants bounded N. E. by Littleton, S. E. by Concord, S. W. by Bath, and N. W. by Connecticut river, which divides it from JBarnet in Vermont. The soil and productions of ; Lyman are similar to those of in the northern The pine JDart of the state. and hemlock indicate the most valuable qualities in the soil. other 100. The spotted fever prevailed here in 1814, and carried oif 52 persons. towns Over Lndoes falls in this town LouDON,a township in Rockingham county, incorporated a bridge has been erected. Two miles above this spot is Ste- and now containing a population of 148 inhabitants. It is bounded N. E. by Gil- pheri's ferry. in 1673, E. by Pittsfield and Chichester, S. W. by Concord, and N. W. by Canterbury, comprising 28,25-7 acres. Suncook river, flowing from Gilmanton, passes through the western part of this town. Into this river are emptied the waters of Crooked pond^ Rollins' pond^ and several others which lie in this town. In Loudon there are 2 meeting-housts, 5 grist-mills, 2 carding-machines,3 distilleries, and 4 trading shops. Rev. J. Tucker was ordained here in This town was formerly 1 789. a part of Canterbury. manton, S. Lovewell's Pond Is at the head of the westerly branch of Salmon falls river, in the town of Wakefield. Lyman, a township in Grafton county, about 13 miles a- er has its Burnhant's rivsource in this town, and falls into the Amonoosuck at Concord. Lyman mountain^ which is in fact a continuation of Gardner's mountain, extends from LandaflF through this town in a north and south direction. On its summit is a pond 100 rods long and 80 wide, which forms the principal source of Burnhajn's river. Copper and emery mixed with been found in iron ore have this town. In the year 1812, the spotted fever prevailed in Lyman : it attacked 70 persons, of whom only one died. It is a remarkable fact, that of the three first families who -settled in this town there were twenty sons, of whom seventeen are now living here. One of the twenty died by casualty and the other two live elsewhere. There are in Lyman 3 gristmills, 3 saw-mills, 2 clothing- mills, 1 carding-machine,2 disand an oil-mill. tilleries, �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. Lyme, a township in Grafton county, incorporated in 1761, and now containing 1670 inhabitants ; bounded N. by Orford, E. by Dorchester, S. by Hanover, and W. by Connecticut river, comprizing an area of 28,500 acres. There are several which ponds form 2 saw-mi!ls, a clothing-mill, and a nail factory. Rev. S. Goodridge was ordained here in 1768, died in 1809, and was succeeded in 1810, by the present pastor Rev. N. Merrill. M. Lynoe, sources of in the Grant's^ and Fairfield brooks. Grafton turnpike pass- Mad Port's^ es through this bridge. There town is to Orford here a small village containing a presbyte- rian meeting-'house, 10 dwelling-houses, 3 stores, &c. There are also in other parts of the town a baptist meeting-house, several grist and saw-mills, and a carding-machine. Rev.W.Connant was settled here in 1773, J5r River has its source, pond on a mountain a in ' in ungranted part of Grafton county, about 10 miles N. from Sandwich. Taking a the southerly course, it crosses the S. E. extremity of Thornton into Pemigewasset Campton. To this junction from its source its and falls river at course is southwest about 14 miles. and was succeeded by the present minister, Rev. N.Lambert. Madbury, a township in Strafford county, incorporated 1755, and now containing a population of 582 inhabitants; bounded N. E. by Dover, S. Lyndeborough, a township of an irregular shape, in Hillsborough "county bounded N. by Francestown, E. by New- in W. by Boston and Mount-Vernon, S. by Milford and Wilton, and W. by Greenfield and Temple. It contains 20,767 acres, and inhabitants, was in1074 N. W. ity and under excellent ; corporated in 1764. by Barrington, comprizing an area of 8,125 acres. Bellamy bank river has its source in Chelsey's pond in passes Barrington, through Madbury in a serpentine course and is the only considerable stream which waters the place. The soil here is of a good qual- Among the mountains in the N. part of the town Sowhegan river has its source. Through other parts of the town flow Pis- On meeting-house, in which Elder W. Hooper officiates. the S. side of this mountain stands the meetinghouse of the town- There are also in the town 2 grain-mills, culti- vation. The inhabitants are generally baptists and have a cataquog and Rocky rivers. Warner^s brook takes its rise near a mountain 1450 feet in heigh-t. Durham and Lee, and . Manchester, ' in a township Hillsborough county, situat- �GAZETTEER OF NEW-IIAMPSHIRK. 158 ed on the eastern bank of Merrimack river. It was incorporated in 1752, bv the name of Derryfield, and in 1810, reIt is ceived its present name. bounded N. and E. by Chester, S. by Londonderry, and W. by Merrimack river, which separates it from B<^dford and Goffstown, comprizing an area of 15,071 acres,550ol which are Massabesick pond lies Amuskeag partly in this town. falls and 3PGreg'ore^s bridge are on the Merrimack between Goffstown. town and this Blodgct^s canal is cut round the quarters near Memphremagog They then adopted him as a son and clothed him in fine robes. This early captivity, from which he soon escaped, qualified him for the duties of a partisanofficerinthesucceeding lake. war, from which station he was afterwards exalted to the rank of major general of the continental army. water. on the Manchester side. Througii the lower part of the town Cohass brook flows from Massabesick pond to Merrimack river, and a canal is projected for the purpose of making this falls canal navigable for boats, rafts, Manchester has 1 meet&c. ing-house, several mills, and a coiton and woollen factory. This town is the residence of Maj. Gen. John Stark, the hero of Bennington. There is an anecdote related of this ven-erable man, which is not generally known, and for that rea- has among the high lands, which separate Maine from Lower Canada, in the N. source E. extremity of New-Hampshire, about 30 miles N. from Errol. After a southerly course of nearly 20 miles on the western border of Maine, it enters New- Hampshire at the S. E. part of the 2d grant to Dartmouth where it college, forms a junction with the united streams of Dead and Di- mond Thence after a rivers. southerly course of about 6 milts to Errol it receives the waters of Umbagog lake. Afthe main ter this junction stream is the Ameriscoggin river. may not be unacceptable While hunting when a here. young man with three companions on the banks of Baker's river he was captured by He immea party of Indians. son Margallaway River its gave the alarm to his brother William, who was in a canoe at some distance and For who thereby escaped. giving this alarm the Indians treated him with great cruelty arid carried him to their head diately Marlborough, a township Cheshire county, incorporated in 1776, and now containin bounded N. by Roxbury, E. by Dublin ing 1142 inhabitants ; and Jaffrey, S. by Fitzwilliam, and W. by Swansey and a part of Keene. Its area is 20,749 aThe 3d N. H. and the cres. pass Fitzwilliam turnpikes through this town. There are ponds, which here several �GAZETTEER OF NEW-H AMPS HIRE. form the source of some of the of Ashuclot river. brnnches The soil is rocky, suitable for grain and flax and particularly Kev. Joseph Cumfor grass. miugs, the fiist minister in this town, was ordained in 1778, and dismissed in 1780. His successor, Rev. H. Fish, was ordained in 1793, and is still Marlborough concongregational meetinghouse, a manufactory of sithes and hoes, and another of earthen ware, several mills, and 1 carding-machine. The annual average number of deaths in this town for 20 years past has been about 1 3. Capt. Andrew Calhoun, an officer killed in the revolutionary war, was of this town. in office. tains 1 , Marlow, a township situatin the centre of Cheshire county, was incorporated in 1761, and now contains 566 inhabitants ; it is bounded N. ed nearly by Acworth and Lempster, E. by Washington and Stoddard, S. by a part of Gilsum, and W. by Alstead, comprising an area of \S^Ti7 acres. Several branches of Ashuelot river rise in the small ponds of this town, and its western part is watered by a branch of Cold river. There is here a meeting-house in which Elder Caleb Blood was ordained in 1777. He has been succeeded by Elders Becket, Dustin, and Bates, the latter of whom is now in office and be- longs to the order oi method- 159 ists. Here are several grist and saw-mills, and 1 trading shop. Mascomy Pond lies princ- town of Enfield, adjacent to Lebanon. It is 1200 rods long and about 250 wide and contains 2,375 acres. ipally in the The surrounding lands fully indicate that the surface of the pond was once 30 or 40 higher than its feet present level. There are also appearances of a sudden rupture, as there are no matksof any margin between present and former height. Nearly a mile from its present its outlet there is a declivity of rocks 40 feet higher than the present level of the water. These rocks exhibit proofs, that the water once passed over them, but it has now formed a channel through the solid earth, nearly a mile in length. Mascomy River has the source of its northern branch in Smart's pond between Lvme and Dorchester. This branch has a southerly course to Canaan, where it receives the waters of Smart's and Goose ponds. In Enfield it receives the waters of East and IVJaid's ponds and several others, and empties itself into the south- of Mascomy pond. The outlet of this pond is its S. E. extremity in Lebanon and there receives the name of Mascomy river, which after a course of 7 miles, falls into the Connecticut a few miles below east side Lyman's bridge. �GAZETTEER OF ]vrEW-HAMFSHIKE. 160 Mason, a township in Hillsborough county, was incorporated in 1 768, and in 1810 conIt is tained 1077 inhabitants. bounded N. by Wilton, E. by Milford and Brookline, S. by the state line, which separates it from Ashby and Townsend in Mass., and W. by New-Ipswich, containing 18,860 acres. Several small streams rise here and water the town, on which are many valuable mill seats. The village here is called Sou- and contains 10 or 12 dwelling-houses and 2 stores. The 3d N.H. turnpike hegan village passes through the S. W. corner of the town. The soil here is generally deep and loamy, suitable to orchards and grain. The surface is rough and stony. Mason contains a meetinghouse, a large grain mill, and several other mills,aad a cotton Rev. factory of 500 spindles. minister in J. Starles the first this place was ordained in 1 772, and was succeeded by Rev. E. Hill in 1790, who is still in of- Elder fice. tled over this W. Elliot is set- a baptist church in town. A species of ochre is found here, which in its natural state gives a good yellow, and after being burned yields a chocolate In the northern part colour. of the town is a remarkable channel was dug to gulf. turn a small stream through a A for the purpose of carrying Bt;fore it was of a small mill. completed, a sudden freshet hill raised the water in one night, so as to carry off the to the depth of 60 feet. Maynesborough, an tled ty, township containing in earth e.h. \ unset- Coos coun- 34,106 acres, and bounded N. by Paulsburgh, E. by Success, S. by Selbunl and Durand, and W. Ameriscoggin by Kilkenny. river passes through its easterly part where it receives Levi'fi river from Success, and the ! \ south branch of the Upper Amonoosuck from Paulsburgh. This township lies 12 miles N. of Mount Washington and the same distance W. from the eastern line of the state, and E. from Lancaster. Meredith, in Strafford county, incorporated in 1768, contained in 1810, a population of 1940. It is bounded N. W. by New-Hampton and Centreharbor, N. E. by the Great bay which divides it from Moultonborough, S. E. by Long bay and Winnipiseogee river which separates it from Gilford, and S. W. by San- bornton bay and Sanbornton, comprising an area of Z5^777 acres. Two large bays in this vicinity extend N. W. about 5 miles each, and on the line of Centreharbor is Meredith pond 2 miles in length and 1 Two mile» S. of in breadth. this is another pond 300 rods long and 100 wide. The first of these empties into Meredith into Sanbai/y and the latter They might bornton bay. , �GAZETTEER 01 be united by a canal of 2 miles. At Meredith bridge is a handsome village containing about 15 dwelling-houses, several stores, mechanic shops, and a In the whole cotton factory. town there are 4 meetinghouses, several mills, a carding-machine, a nail factory, 2 trading and distilleries, 7 stores. The inhabitants are generbaptist persuasion. Elder N. Folsom is the only ordained minister in the place. canal has been projected from Winnipiseogee lake to ally of the A Merrimack river, which would pass through Meredith, west This plan if of the bridge. completed, would afford to lumber and other heavy articles a water carriage to Boston and Newbury port from the centre of New-Hampshire. Merrimack River is formed by two branches. The most northern of which, (Pemigewasset river) has its source among the White mountains. The other branch is a short stream which flows from Winnipiseogee lake. These form a junction at the S.W. extremity of Sanbornton, on the line of Hillsborough county, and compose the Merrimack^ the general course of which is S. by E. about 52 miles on a direct line (but about 80 miles as the river runs,) to the southern boundary of the state. From Sanbornton corner it passes between Northfield, New-Salisbury, Canterbury, and Boscaw21 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 161 These towns are connected by bridges. The Merri" mack receives the Contoocoofc river on the northern line of Concord. From this junction en. the Merrimack passes in a serpentine course through the centre of Concord, forming a large tract of excellent intervale. Two bridges are thrown over the river, connecting the eastern and western parts of Concord. The Merrimack^ after leaving this town passes be- tween Pembroke and Bow. In Bow there is a canal on the western side of the river round Garvin's falls, and just above these falls Turkey river empdoes Suncook riv- ties itself, as er at the lower extremity of Pembroke. About 400 rods below the mouth of the Suncook are the Isle of Hookset falls and bridge, over which passes the Londonderry turnpike leading to Concord. Amuskeag falls are about 8 miles below ; these consist of three large pitches within tance of half a mile fall of 80 feet. the dis- making a There is a ca- round these falls on the eastern side of the river and at this place. M'Gregore's bridge connects Manchester and nal Goffstown. At the lower part of GolFstownCohass brook empties itself. At the town of Merrimack, about 5 miles farther down, Sowhegan empties river does the Nashua river 7 miles lower on the western side, flowing from the town of Dunstable. At this town it takes an easterly itself, as �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 162 direction, passing into Tyngs- borough, Chelmsford, &c. in Massachusetts, and at N<rw-buryport it falls into the sea. Wilton, comprising an area of 15,402 acres. This town was incorporated in 1794, and in 1810, its population was 1118. large portion of its land is intervale, lying on Sowhegan river and ics branches. Rev. A Merrimack, a township in Hillsborough county, incorporated in 1746, and containing a of 1047 souls ; populatipn H. Moore, the present minister was ordained over the congre- bounded N. by Bedford, E. by Merrimack river, S. by Dunstable, and W. by Amherst and Mollis. Babboosuckund Fenny- gational society here in 1812. There is also a baptist society without any settled pastor. chunck ponds lie partly in this town, and Sowhegan river here unites with the Merrimack. a There are in this Merry-MeetingBay arm ot forms Winni- piseogee lake, extending about 5 miles therefrom into Alton. (Vide Alton.) MiDDLETON, in Strafford county, was incorporated in 1778, and contains 439 inhabitants bounded N. by Brookfield, E. by Wakcfirld, S, by Milton, and W. by New-Durham, comprising 9,840 acres. There is here a meeting-house ; in which Elder here a meeting-house, factory erected in 1813, a screw factory, several mills, and 2 carding-machines. is cotton town a meeting-house, several mills, and 3 trading stores. Rev. Jacob Burnhap,D.D. was ordained herein 1772,and is still in office. the southeastern There W. Buzzel The Great Moose mountain extends over the N. officiates. Milton, in Strafford counformerly a part of Rochester, and \» bounded N. W. by Middleton, E. by Salmon falls river, which divides it from Shapley (in Maine,) and S.W; by Farmington. Its area is 25,000 acres, and lii number of inhabitants 1005. It extends more than 13 miles Branch on S ilmou falls river. river crosses the S.W. extremity of the town. Teneriffe mountain lies on its easterly is Milton side, near which pond. The southerly extremis ty of IMilton is 9 miles and 82 rods dist.int from Witkefield. There are here 3 religious societies, i meeting-house, 3 grainty, was mills, 3 saw-mills, and 3 trading mill, 1 clothing- stores. part of the town. MiLFORD, Hillsborough county, is bounded N. by Mount- Vernon and Lyndeborough, E, by Amherst, S. by Hollis, and W. by Mason and in MiLLSFiELO, an uninhabitm Coos county, 7 ed tov/iiship miles W. of Umhagoi:^ lake and 35 N. from the White hills bounded N. by Dixville, E. by Errol, S. by Dummer, ; �GAZETTEER OF NE\f -HAMPSHIRE. ' lea W. by Erving's location. the state, deriving its name comprises 24^100 acres, and from the great numbers of was incorporated in 1774: moose which were formerly Clear stream waters its nortl- found here. It is situated in ern extremity and Phillip's the E. part of Coventry near river with several branches of Peeling. Baker's river has its the Ameriscoggin its southern source on the easterly side of parts. There are here sevt.ral this ridge. Snow has been ponds, the largest of which is found on its summit in every 300 rods long and 140 wide. month except July, and It MoNADNOCK Mountain is MouLTONBOROUGH,in Straf- Chrshirc county, on the line between Jeffrey and Dublin, 10 miles N. from Massachusetts, 20 E. fronij Connecticut Its base is J 395 feet river. and its summit 3254 above the The diamelevel of the sea. miles 5 ter of its base is from N. to S., 3 from E. to W. and its summit consists of ford county, lies on the N. extremity of Winnipiseogee lake. It was incorporated in 1777, and its population in 1810, was in a bald rock. , Mohawk River has its rise among Dixvilk mountains, and through Colebrook, receives some considerable streams from Stcwafter a westerly course art^town, ver river. among which It empties is Bea- N. extremity of Stewartstown^ MoosE River has 994 its source on the N. side oi the White mountains near the township of Durand, through which it flows Its into the Ameriscoggin. mouth Its Shelburn. in is source is within 5 miles of that of Israel's river, which falls into the Connecticut. MoosEHiLLOCK, one of the highest ranges of mountains in souls ; bounded N. by S'lndwich and Tamworth, N. E. by a part of Ossipee, S. E* by Tuftonborough, and W. by Ccntreharborand Squam pond, containing 32,163 acres. Tliis place derived its name from Gen. Jonathan Moulton ot H:impton, who was one of its eariiest and largest proprietors, and New-Hampton, which was taken from it, was also named at his request after the place of his residence. Moultonbarough itself in- to the Connecticut n'^ar the W. ^ S. W. lies near the side of the Great Ossi- pee mountain, and it is observed, that in N. E. storms the wind passes over the mountain like water over a dam, and with such force, as frequently to unroof iiouses. The Rev. S. Perley was settled here in 1778, and removed the next year. His successor the Rev, J. Shaw is still in office. There here a pleasant village of 10 or 12 dwelling-houses, a meeting-house, 1 store, 4 grainmills, 5 saw-mills, 2 clothing? is �GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 164 and a carding-machine. is in the N. W. part of the town, and Red hill river mills, Red hill pusses through its northerly part and falls into Winnipiseogee lake. The spotted fever It here in 1813. pri' vailed attacked some hundreds but carried off only 30 persons. common many other Bears were formerly in this new town as in In the autumn they frequently came down into the populous settlements and sometimes even It freto the maritime towns. qui.ntly devours young swine, but seldom attacks mankind. settlements. Mount-Vernon, in Hills- borough county, was incorporated in 1808, and contains 762 inhabitants. It is bounded N. by New- Boston, E. by Amherst, S. by Milford, and W.by Lyndeborough, and conThis town tains 7,975 acres. is watered by Beaver brook^ which has its source here, as also have several branches of Soxvhegan river. There is here a pleasant village containing a meeting-house, 12 dwellinghouses, 3 stores, &c. and several mills. The 2d N. H. turn- pike passes through this lage. Rev. tled here in vil- Bruce was set1 785, and was suc1809, by Rev. S. J. ceeded in Chapin the present pastor. unite in Paulsburgh and there fall into the Ameriscogeiu river. Nash andSawyer'sLocaThis tract is bounded N. by Bretton Woods, E. by the White mountains, S. by Chadbourne and Hart*s locations, and W. by ungranted TiONs. cres. Narmargungowack River the township of Success in several branches, which rises in The 21,084 a- Jefferson turnpike passes through it. Nash's Stream has its source in the N. E. part of the town of Stratford, and at Northumberland it falls into the Amonoosuck 6 miles from Connecticut river. Nashua River has its source in the south part of Boylston, (Mass.) and after a northerly course of 40 miles it passes intoDunstabIe,(N.H.) and empties itself into the Connecticut at Nashua village in Dunstable. Nelson, in Cheshire counwas formerly called Pack- ty, and received its present name in 1814, by an act of the legislature. It is bounded ersfield N. by Stoddard, E. by Hancock and Antrim, S. by Dublin, and W. by Roxbury, containing 22,875 acres and 1076 inhabitants. al N. It contains lands. ponds in There are severthis town, such as Spoonwood pond^ which communicates with Long pond by a strait about forty rods Long pond x\yas c\rz\\\X.ouslv into Hancock and then long. �GAZETTEER OF ^SEW-HAMPSHIRE. returns to Nelson ; its length is There are also 1300 rods. Fish^ Pleasanty and Roaring brook ponds^ Centre pond and Berkshire m'ar Dublin^ comprising in all about 1,879 acres of water. In the S. part of this town a branch of the Ashuelot river rises, and in its N. part a branch of the ContooThe surface of Nelson cook. is mountainous like that of the Rev. J. adjacent country. Foster was ordained here in Rev. G. Newhall is 1781. present minister. There town a meeting-house, a cotton and woollen factory, 4 grain-mills, 3 saw-mills, and 1 the 165 was ordained over the baptist church in 1806, and i^ still in ©ffice. New-Castle, commonly in Rockingham county, 2 miles E, from Portsmouth. It was incorporated in 1693, and contains 592 inhabitants and 45 called Great-Island^ is This is the largest of those islands which lie at the mouth of the Piscataqua. It has a meeting-house, about 100 dwelling-houses, and at its N* E. extremity a fort and lightacres. rough county, was incorporated in 1763, and contained by house. Rev. Joshua Moody was ordained here previous to the revolution of 1689, and has been succeeded by the Rev. Messrs. Shurtleff, Blunt, Elder Chase, and Noble. Thomas Bell resides here at present and occasionally prea- the last census, a population of ches. 1810 souls. It is bounded N. by Weare, E. by Goffstown and Bedford, S. by Amherst and Mount- Vernon, and W. by Lyndeborough, comprising county, was incorporated in 1778, and contained in 1810, a population of 895 inhab- is in this clothing-mill. New-Boston, in Hillsbo- New-Chester, in Grafton bounded N. W. by Danbury and Alexandria, N. b}^ Newfound pond, E. by Pemigewasset river, and S. by an area of 26,538 acres. Several branches of Piscataquog river flow through its S. W. extremity into Goffstown, itants its S.E. part the 2d turnpike has its course. There is here a baptist and a presbyterian meeting-house, 7 school-houses, several mills, and a wire-factory incorporated in 1812. Rev. Solomon Moore was settled in NexvBoston in 1768, died in 1803, comprising 23,456 Grafton turnpike and a branch of Blackwater river pass over the S. W. part of the town, and over its northerly part flows Smith's brook, and thro' N.H. and was succeeded in 1806 by the Rev. E. P. Bradford the present pastor. Elder J.Stone ; Andover, acres. which wasset into the Pemigeriver opposite New- falls Hampton. A ridge, called Ragged mountain^ separates this town from Andover. There are �GAZETTEKR OF NEW-HAMPSHIftB, 16« here 3 religious societies, 1 meeting-housL', 3 grain-mills, and 5 saw-mills. In the ye:ir 1796, twenty-five persons died here of the dysentery. New-Durham, in Strafford county, was incorporated in 1762, and now contains 888 bounded N. W. inhabitants by WolfeI)ornugh E.bv Brookfield and Middleton, and S.W. by Farmington and Alton, ; comprising 22,625 acres. In 1749, this town, comprehending a tract of land 6 miles square, was granted to Ebenezer Smith and others, on condition that 40 families should be permanently settled in it within 5 years from the declaration of peace, and that within 2 years after, a meeting-kouse should be erected, public worship supported, and a grain and saw-mill erected. Maj. Thomas Tash made early exertions in forwarding the settlement of this town, and built the 2 mills at his own expense. With the assistance G^ Paul March and others, the required number of settlers was obtained by a bounty of 50 acres of land to each settler. The town was incorporated by the name of New-Durham. Within the compass of the original grant are 5 ponds, the largest of which is Merry-Meetin^-bai/ pond containing about 1000 acres. The surface of the town is very mountainous and part of the soil so rocky as to be unfit Mount Betty for rises cultivation. 630 feet a- bove the pond, which ^vashcR its base. Cropple-crown mourr^ tain is here is still higher. The soil gtrnerally too moist for grain, but suitable for grazing. Merry- Meeting river flows from the pond of that name and falls into Winnipisrogee lake. Ela^s river flows from Cold rain pond and passes about 4 miles through NervDurham to Farmington, on both which streams are many good mill seats. On the latter is a fall of 14 feet, within 4 rods of which, mills are rdready erjcted. Cochecho river also has its source in this town. The principal roads passing through Nerv- Durham ^vt. from . Wolfeborough and Gilmanton to Dover. There are some curiosities town, one of which is a remarkable fountain of water, over which a part of Ela's in this passes. By sinking a small mouthed vessel about 6 river feet into may this fountain, water be obtained extremely The depth of cold and pure. it has never been ascertained although attempts have been made. Near the centre of the town is a mountain called Rattlesnake hilly the south side of feet high, an hundred and almost perpen- dicular. In which is nearly number of their dens. its fissures a vast have Their numbers rattlesnakes have recently diminished. About a mile northeast from this mountain is Marches pond^ which abounds with a species of clay, much resembling when �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. dried the common chalk pearance and qualities. in ap- On N. E. side of Shazv^s moun- the is a remarkable cave, called the DeviPs den, the entrance of which is about three feet wide and ten high. The outer room is twenty feet square; tain inner the apartments smdlcr, until of fiity feet at grow the distance into the mountain the p'jssage becomes too small The sides to be investigated. both of the giileries and the rooms are composed of stone. They bear the appearance of having been once united, and were probably separated by some great convulsion of nature. Several other mountains in town contain precipices and cavities, some of which are forty or fifty feet in depth. Col.ThomasTash,who spent the last twenty years of his life in New- Durham, was born in Durham in 1722. He was engaged in the French war, first in the capacity of captain and afterwards in that of major. In 1755, the 'annual stores, while on their way to the northern army, were destroyed at a place called Half-way brook, this between forts Edward and William Henry. Capt. Tash with 140 men was ordered to . repair to this spot with assurances that the remainder of the battalion should immediately follow. On arriving at the place of his destination he found the stores and waggons destroyed, the men killed, and tlitt eaemy^ gone off. Ascer- 167 taining their rout, he pursued in the woods about five miles, and attacked them while them they were feasting upon their plunder. warm action ensued which lasted an hour, when the enemy, conysting of A aboutlOOO French and Indians, perceiving the weakness of our force, attempted to surround At it. this moment critical the remainder of the battalion arrived under major Burbank. The enemy immediately fled, and were pursued by Tash many miles into the wilder- ness. In 1757, Tash was appointed major and was stationed at No. 4. (now Charlfston,) with 250 rtaen. This was the first detachment of N. H. troops that ever occupied that impor- On the return of peace he settled in Newmarket, and in 1776, he received a tant post. commission in the and served one colonel's N. H. forces, campaign. Toward the close of the war he removed loNewDurham, where he owned several farms and a large tract of wild land. There he devoted himself to agriculture, and died at the age of 87, leaving behind him a memory still dear and respected. Rev. Nathaniel Porter, a was ordain-i NcTv-Durham in 1775, congregationalist, ed in and dismissed in 1777. He was succeeded by Elder Benjamin Randall, a zealous and indefatigable preacher of the free-will baptist order, of which sect he was considered the �GAZETTEER OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 168 head, and he obtained over it an extensive jurisdiction. He died in 1808, at the age of 60. T.T. New-Found Pond lies part- Hebron and partly New ly in in Chester. Its length from north to south is 6 miles, and its width about 2^ miles. It contains 4,530 acres, nearly two thirds of which are in NewChester. west part of Strafford county, incorporated tion, lies in the in 1777, and now contain3l293 It is bounded N. by Pemigewasset' river which separates it from Bridgewater and New- Chester, N. by Holderness, N. E. by Centrehar* bor, and S. E. by Sanbornton and Meredith, comprising an area of 19,422 acres. Pemigewasset pond lies on the border of Meredith, and is inhabitants. about 200 rods New-Found River flows from the pond of that name, and after a southerly course of 4 or 5 miles, falls into Pemigewasset river near Bridgewater village. New-Grantham, in Ches- was incorporated m 1761, and now contains 864 bounded N. by inhabitants hire county, ; (in Grafton county,) E. by Springfield, S. by Croydon, and W. by Plainfield, comprising 24,900 acres, 300 of which are water. There is a pond in the northwest part of the town about 1 mile long Croydon and 160 rods wide. mountain extends through the west Dart of the town, and a turnpike passes over the north This part of the mountain. town in 1775, had onlv 74 inhabitants, and in 1810 its pop- Enfield, was 864. Here are the sources of several of the branches of Sugar river^ on which are a number of mills. in diameter. There are several other smaller ponds in this town. In the westerly part of the town is a remarkable spring, from which a stream issues and falls into Pemigewasset river after running about a mile. This stream is use of sevnot affected by droughts. toll sufficient for the eral mills, and is A or bridge unites this town to Bridgewater, from which there is a turnpike leading to Sanbornton. The soil here is rich and light and very favourable to various kinds of grain and rains There are in Neuo-Hampton 2 meeting-houses, 2 schoolhouses, and 2 distUleries. Rev. grass. S. Hubbard was ordained over the congregational church here and is still in office. Elder Dana, a baptist, is also s.H. settled in this town. in 1800, ulation in Graf- formerly Moultonborough- Addi- bounded N. by New-Hamp- New- Hampton, called New-Holderness, ton county, lies on the eastern side of Pemigewasset river. It was incorporated in 1761, and contains 883 inhabitants ; �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. by Sandwich and Cenby S. Crntreand New-Hampton, harbor and W. by Pemigewasset river, which separates it from Plymouth, comprising 24,921 acres, of which 2,500 are waton, E. treharbor, ter. A part of Squam lake is and also Squam pond^ through which Squam river runs and falls into the Pemigewasset in the southwest in this town, 169 long and of unequal rods breadth. There is on it an excellent tavern owned by the proprietors of the bridge. Nexmngton was formerly a part of Portsmouth and Dover. Its soil is excellent and produces grain abundantly. The orchards here are very productive. Piscataqua bridge waS' built in in 1 794 it is ; 2600 part of the town. Squam mountain lies in its northeast plank. tral aich, which unites part. islands, is Rev. R. Fowle was ordained here in 1789, ovr an episcopaThere is here a lian church. chitecture, and several grainmills, one clothing-mill, a earding-machine, and a dispaper-mill, tillery. Newichawannock River the west and main branch of It is called the Piscataqua. Salmon falls river as far as the is lower falls it assumes in Berwick, where the above name, which it retains till it unites with the Cochecho, and flows on to Hilton's point. Ne wiNGTON, in Rockingham contains 503 inhabiand is bounded W. by Great and Little bays, N. E. by Piscataqua river, which separates it from Kittery, E. by Portsmouth, and S. by Green- county, tants, land. At Fox point in the northwest part of the town, Piscataqua bridge is thrown over Piscataqua river to Goat island^ and thence to Durham shore. Goat island is about 48 22 feet of which 2244 are The chord of the cen- length, 244 th>j two considered a masterly piece of arfeet. It is was construct- ed by Timothy Palmer of New- buryport. Rev. Joseph Adams, a con- was the first minister in this town. He was ordained in 1714, and was succeeded in 1787, by the Rev. J. Langdon, who continued in gregationalist, 23 years. The annual average number of deaths in office Newington is computed to be 7. There is here 1 meeting-house and 2 school-houses. There is a spring in this town, which, besides supplying a grain-mill nearly all the year, is the fountain of the Portsmouth aqueduct. In May, 1690, a party of Indians under one Hoopwood attacked Fox point in this town, destroyed several houses, killed 14 persons, and took 6 prisoners. They were pursued by Capts. Floyd and Greenleaf, who recovered some of the captives and part of the plunder after a severe action, in which Hoopwood was wounded. �th- GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. iro Died in town March this 1765, Mrs. Elizabeth Hight, aged 100. She never used medicine during this long She was married four life. times, had 8 children and 300 descendants more or less refifth, mote. New-Ip«wich, in Hillsborough county, was incorporated and contains 1395 inIt is bounded N. habitants. by Temple and Sharon, E. by Mason, S. by the line of Massachusetts, and W. by Rindge in 1762, Its a(in Cheshire county.) The west is 20,260 acres. rea side of the town is watered by a branch of Contoocook river, an-J its east side by a branch of the Sovrhcgaa river. One branch of the latter river rises town and another has its source on a moun The 3d N. H. turnpike tain. in a pond in this passes through the centre of a is here this town. There handsome village, 2 meet- ing-houses, an academy, 2 cotton and 2 woollen factories, an oil-mill, several grain and sawmills, 1 clothing-mill, a carding-machine, and 4 trading- Farrar was ordained here in 1760, and diHe was ed in 1809, aged 71. succeeded by the Rev. R. Hall Elder the present minister. S. Parkhurst was settled here in 1814. stores. Rev. S. New-London, in Hillsbor- ough county, was incorporated in 1779, and contained inlSlO, a population of 692 ; bounded N. by Wilmot, S. and E. by and W. by Sunapee pond which separates it from Wendell. Its area is 13,560 acres, 2000 of which are water. In this town lies part of Great Sunapee pond^ and also Little Sunapee about 500 rods long and 170 wide, forming a principal source of Blackwater Sutton, river. The soil here is gener- hard and rocky, but it well rewards the labour of agriculture. New-London has several hills or mountains,such as Bunker's^ DoWs^ and MesThe summit of Kearser''s. sarge mountain is six miles from the central village. The principal road passing through, this town leads from Hopkinton to Hanover. There arft ally here 2 baptist meeting-houses. Elder Job Scammons was ordained here in 1779, and Elder Enoch Huntingdon in 1814. The annual average number of deaths in this town is about 10. There are here several mills and 2 or 3 trading stores. Newmarket, ham county, was in 1726, itants in Rocking- incorporated contains 1061 inhab- and is bounded N. by Durham and Lee, E. by the W. branch of Piscataqua river, S. by Exeter, and W. by Epping, comprising an area of 11,082 acres. Piscasick river passes through this town, S. and Lamprey river crosses its N. W. extremity and falls into the Great bay near its N. E. corner where there is a considerable village. At a place call- �GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE. ed Newfields there is another containing about 20 houses and several shops, &c. Rev. John Moody was ordained here in 1730, and died in He has been 1778, aged 73. village, succeeded by the Rev. Messrs. Tombs and Thurston. Elder J. Broadhead and Elder Osborn,both methodists, occasionThere are ally preach here. in the town three religious so- several mills, stores, From the year 1731 to &c. 1770, there were in this town 948 births and 554 deaths, averaging about 28 of the former and 14 of the latter annually. This town was formerly a part cieties, of Exeter and was purchased of the Indians in 1638, by Wheelwright and others. Several instances of Indian cruelty and capture occurred in the early Col. history of this place. Winthrop Hilton, who was killed by the Indians in Eppjng (then Exeter,) was buThe inried in Newmarket. scription on his monument is descendstill legible and his living in this vi- ants are still cinity. Mrs. Shute is 171 Connecticut river and the same distance from Sutton. Sugar river flows through Nexoport and receives here a number of its branches. The Croydon and Cornish turnpikes unite in this town and pass on to Amherst. There is here a handsome village of about 20 houses and several stores. The town contains a baptist and a congregational meeting-house, a cotton factory, several milk, and a carding-machine. Rev. John Ramele was the first minister here, and Rev. A. Wines is the present pastor. Newtown, in Rockingham county, was incorporated in 1749, and contained in 1810, a population of 454 ; bounded N. by Kingston, E. by South' ampion, S. by Massachusetts, and W. by Plaistow, comprising 5,250 ftcres. County pond town. There here 2 religious societies and 1 meeting-house. Rev. J. Ernes was ordained in 1759. lies partly in this are Rev. D.Tewkesbury is the pres«^ ent pastor. now liv- ing in this town, who was captured by the Indians in 1755, when 18 months old. She lived with them till the age of 14. NEWPORT,in Cheshire counwas incorporated in 1761, ty, and contains 1427 inhabitants bounded N. by Croydon E. by Wendell, S. by Unity, and W. by Claremont, comprising an area of 25,267 acres. It miles £. from lies about 8 ; ; NoRTBFiELD, in Rocking- ham county, was incorporated in 1780, and contains 1057 inhabitants ; bounded N. by . Sanbornton, E. by Gilmanton, S. by Canterbury, and W. by Salisbury and Boscaw- comprising 19,636 acres. There are here 2 small ponds, viz. Chesnut pond., flowing into the Winnipiseogee, and Sortdogardy pond., flowing into the en, Merrimack river. At the N.W. �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHmE. 172 part of the town near WebWinnipisfogee riv- ster's falls er into the falls Pemigewas- A bridge over the latter river connects this town with New-Salisbury, and another ovcr the former unites it to Sanbornton. There is here a mot ting-house common to all sects ; several miils, stores, &c. set. North of Latitude 45° a tract of land btrlongmg to the state of New-Hampshire ; bounded as follows, beginning is at the lancL st:U-.'s No. 3. and running N. 6:° E. by the Disof Maine 3500 rods to the high lands, thtnte by the high trict separate lands, wiiich Lower Canada from the United States to the most N. W. branch of Connecticut river, ihence doA\'Ti branch to latitude 45°, thence by said latitude to lands No. 3. containing 163,353 asaid On cres. this tract is the North River has its source; North river pond on theliiir between Northwood and Nottingham. After a southerly course through Nottingham, Epping, and a part of Lee it in Lamprey river near N. E- corner of Epping and the line of Newmarket. falls into the This stream affords many valuable mill privileges, on most of which are erected mills of various kinds. Northumberland, ship in a townCoos county, lying on Connecticut river at the mouth of the Upper Amonoosuck. It was incorporated in 1779, and contained in 1810, a population of 281 ; bounded N. by Stratford, E. by Piercy, S. W. by Lancaster, and W. by Connecticut river. Its area is 20,430 acres. town near It is in this Cape- Horn 7noun- tain^ that the Upper Amonoo- great lake Co7inecticut. suck Northampton, in Rockingham county, was incorporated There are here several ponds and mountains. The soil is fertile though broken and une- in 1742, and contains 651 in- bounded N. by Greenland, E. by Rye and the^sea, S, by Hampton, and W. by Stratham, and contains 8,465 acres. This w^as formerly a part of Hampton. Rev. Nathaniel Gookin was habitants. settled has It here been is in- 1739. He succeeded by the Reverend Messrs. Hastings, !M'Clure,Thurston,andFrench. The latter gentleman is still in office. There is here 1 meeting-house and 7 grain-mills. ven. falls into A the Connecticut. bridge connects this town with Maidstone in Ver- mont nearly opposite GuildThere is here a meetinghouse, 2 grain-mills, a sawmill, and a carding-machine. hall. Northwood, a township of elevated land in Rockingham county, formerly a part of Nottingham. It was incorporated in 1773, and contained in 1810, a population of 1095, of whom 230 Northwood were legal voters. \& bounded N. E. �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. b}' the line of Strafford county, which sepnrates it from B irrington, S. E. by Nottingham, S. and S.W. by Deerfifrld, and N.W. by Epsom andPittsfield, Esq. fall 173 three different into Suncook, Lamprey, and Dover, and indeed the waters, rivers, which fall from different parts comprising an area of 17,075 acrt-s, 1054 of which are of the roof of a building on this farm run into two different rivers, the Piscataqua and Merri- water. mack. There are here 6 ponds, viz. SiincQok pond 750 rods long and 100 wide, Gennis^ pond 300 long and 150 wide, Long" pond about JOO long and 50 generally of a moist quality. It is excellently suited for grazing, and in mild seasons favourable to corn and grain. wide-, Harvey'' s pond^ of an el- The N. H. The in soil North-wood turnpike is passes liptical form, about 200 long through and some mouth to Concord. It has here a direct course from E. to W. of 8 miles. Rev. Edmund Pilsbury, the first minister in this town, was ordained in the year 1779, over a baptist society and continued here till 1809. Rev. J. Prentiss w^as ordained in 1799 over the congregational society and is still in office. Rev. Eliphalet Merrill, the present successor of Mr. Pilsbury, was ordained in 1804. These two societies are nearly equal in number and each has a meeting-house. There are in Northwood 6 school-houses, 4 grain-mills, 7 saw-mills, a clothing-mill, and 8 trading stores. The situation of this town is pleasant, and more elevated than any land between it and in places 40 wide j a part o^ Great- Bow pond \& also in this town and also part of North river pond^ Pleasant pond^ and Little-Bow pend^ the latter of which has two outlets on the N. E. it discharges its waters into Great-Bow />i9«</, which is the head of Isinglass river, and on its north; erly side into a brook flows Long pond, from it the waters of which pass into the Merrimack through Suncook pond and river. The northerly branch of Lamprey river has its source this town near the N. W. extremity of Saddle-back mountain, which is a ridge of high land separating this town from in Deerficld. On the easterly side of this ridge are found crystals and crystalline spars of various Black colours and sizes. lead is also found Thci*e are no consider- here. able water-falls in this town. height of its land is such, that the waters flowing from the farm of the late G. Clark, The this town from Ports- the sea. From its height, vessels entering the Piscataqua harbour may be seen with the assistance of glasses. From this place the light house at Portsmouth bears S* Oi" E. and the highest mountain in Gilford N. lei" W. �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE ir4 The first house was erected in this town 1762, and in is square. There are In the town 3 grain-mills and 4 saw-mills. now standing near- the baptist Two of the meetiag-house. settlers first now are living here in honourable old age. The annual average number of deaths is about 9. Nottingham, ham county, was in Rocking- incorporated now contains 1722, and 1063 inhabitants bounded N. E. by Barrington, S.E. by Lee and part of Epping, S. by Epping and Raymond, and W. by in ; Nottingham township West, a Hillsborough county, incorporated in 1746, and now containing 1379 inhabitants bounded N. by Litch* field and Londonderry, E. by in ; Pclham, S. by Lyndeborough, (Mass.,) and W. by Merrimack river, which separates it from Dunst:ible, comprising 17,379 acres. In this place is Massabesick pond 230 rods long and 70 wide, and adjacent town pond Northwoodand Deerfield,com- to prising 25,800 acres, of which 300 are water. There are here several ponds, such as North river pond containing about 80 acres, Petuck- about 25 rods wide. There are here 2 meeting-houses, 3 religious societies, 2 of baptists and 1 of congregationalists. Rev. N. Merrill the first miaister in this town, was ordained in 1737, and was succeeded by Rev. J. Strickland in 1772. Elder Daniel Merrill is settled here over a baptist church. a-way pond of about 170 acres, ^izncy pond about 45 acres, and others of a smaller size. In the westerly part of the town near Deer field are Upper y Middle^ and Lower PetuckaPetuckaway way mowitains. source in this in a pond of the same river has town name. its Little river and sever- streams also North Nottingham. rise in river passes through this town and through its northerly part the N. H. turnpike has its al other small the There is Otternic are in this mills, S town saw-miHs, and 3 grain1 trad- ing store. Capt. Jatnes Ford was a resident in this town. He was with Gen. Stark at Bennington and was there mortally wounded. O. course. Rev. S. Emery was settled 1742, and Rev. B.ButSamuel Dyer, a ler in 1758. free-will baptist, is the present There is a congreminister. gational meeting-house situated in a pleasant and compact part of the town called the here in Oliverian River. The most easterly branch of this river rises on the west side of Moosehillock mountain and its northern branch from Owlhead mountain, both in the These town of Coventry. branches unite in Haverhill, �Ut GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE CN. H.) forming Oliverian rivwhich empties itself into er^ A mountain. 'Jacob's brook and empties the Connecticut. stream called Orford into Con- rises in itself necticut riverabove the bridge, Orange, formerly called Cardigan, is in Grafton county. It was incorporated in 1790, and contains 229 inhabitants bounded N.E. by Groton and Hebron, S. E. by Alexandria and part of Danbury, S.W. by Cushing's Gore, and N. W. by Dame's Gore and Canaan, ; comprising 21,976 acres. this town is In the source of the southerly branch of Baker's river and of the northerly branch of ^ywiM's river. Cardiganmountain extends through centre from N. to S. and Grafton turnpike passes over its its extremity. In the S. W. part of this town is found a very valuable species of ochre. It is, found in great abundance, deposited in veins and of a superior quality to that which is S.W. imported. Two men will dig and prepare for market about 80 pounds of this in a day. Orford, Grafton county, in 1761, and 1810, a population in was incorporated contained in of 1265 bounded N. by Piermont, E. by Wentworth, S. by Lyme, and W. by Connecticut river, comprising an area of ; 27,000 acres. There are several ponds in this town, the largest of which is Baker's pond^ 260 rods long and 160 wide, forming the source of the westerly branch of Baker's river. Indian pond is in the north part of the town near Stadi^n which connects this town with Fairlee in Vermont. On this stream are 10 mill-dams. Sanday and Cuba mountains lie near the centre of this town, and Smart's mountain in its S. E. extremity, forming the boundary of four towns, viz. Orford, Wentworth, Dorchester, and Lyme. Rev. John Sawyer was settled here in 1787, and was succeeded by the present minister,Rev. S \muelDana. There are here 2 religious societies and 2 meeting-houses, and near the river is a pleasant village about 25 houses, through which the turnpike passes to Orford bridge. There are in this town several grain and saw-mills, a clothing-mill, and a carding-machinc. containing OssiPEE, a township in Straf- ford county, was incorporated in 1785, and now contains 1205 inhabitants bounded N. by ; Tamworth, N. E. by Great Ossipee pond, S. E. by Wakeand S. by Wolfeborough, Tuftonborough, and Moultonborough, comprising 36,795 acres. This place was formerfield, ly called form is New-Garden. very irregula(-,it3 Its length being nearly 15 miles from N. W. to S. W. and its width in some places not more than 4 or 5. There are here several ponds, of which I^an Hole �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRK ire the borders of Tuftonborough is the largest, being about 400 rods long and 200 wide. The others are on an average 100 rods each in diameter. Bear pond has no Pine rivdiscoverable outlet. er flows through the easterly part of this town, and Bear pond ow Camp river passes its northern extremitv, emptying itself into Great Ossipee lake. The soil Osgenerally fertile. sipee contains 2 religious soci- here is baptist meeting-house, 5 grain-mills, 3 saw-mills, and 1 carding-machine. district of Saco Maine, and river, Ossipee Mountain ted in 1785, and now containing 425 inhabitants ; bounded N. E. by Eaton, S. E. by Effingham, and S. W. by Ossipee, comprising 10,331 acres. Ossipee lake lies principally in this town, and is about 1000 rods long from north to south, It and ibout 600 rods wide. in borough, and about 4 miles west from Ossipee lake. Its altitude has never been ascertained. On its east side the northwest wind is peculiarly severe. in OvsTERRivERhas itssource Wheehvright pond in the town of Lee, near the southeast extremity in Strafford county, incorpora- is the west part of the town of Ossipee adjacent to Moulton- eties, 1 Ossipee Gore, a township falls about 15 miles east of Ossipee pond. into of Barrington. flows from the east side of the pond in a northeast course It Madbury. Thence turning southerly it crosses the line which separates Lee from Durham five times within the distance of two miles. It thence takes an easterly course, and passing through Durham, meets the tide waters at the to falls. Bear Camp river on wtsc side and Pine river on receives its The waters of this south. lake are discharged through P. its Ossipee river. Paulsburgh, a township in Coos county, containing about 20 inhabitants bounded N.by Dummer and Cambridge, E. by Success, S. by Maynesborough, and W. by Kilkenny, ; Ossipee River flows from G»-eat Ossipee bike or pond and forms a large bay or rath- The er three bays, connected with each other, in the whole about comprising 34,507 acres. 800 rods long and 600 wide. Ameriscoggin rivers pass thro* this town, the former in a north- On x\\c southeast line of Ossipee these waters are contracted into Ossipee river^ which flows in a southeast course through Effingham into the Upper Amonoosuck and the erly course to the Connecticut, latter in a southerly In course to the Merrimack. the southwest part of the town and the �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSUmE, a large mountain, adjoining Maynesborough, and in its N. E. part near Cambridge there There are 2 mills is another. is in this town. The centre of Paulsburgh is 15 miles east from Northumberland on Connecticut river, and about 7 miles west from the District of Maine, and about 22 (by the road) from Lancaster court- 177 Black mountain in part. Among a branch of its northwest these mountains th;; Wild Amonoo- a branch oi Baker's riv^r^ and Moosehillock brook have their sources. Although the surface here is mountainous *«c>^, and a turnfrom Bath There are but the roads art good, pike is projected to this town. 2 mills in this town. house. Pelham, Peabody River in rises the eastern pass of the White mountains, whtre also rises Ellis river, a bran<-h of the S&co. The sources of these two rivers are within the dis- in Rockingham county, was incorporated in 1746, and in 1810, it contain- ed 998 inh' hitants ; bounded N. by W'ndham and Sf leni, S. E. and Sc by Dracut, (Mass.) and W. by Nottingham West. Its area is '•6,333 acres, of tance of a few feet from each Peabady river flows in a northerly course from the northwest part of Adams to which 280 are water. There arc h^^rc two ponds, Island pond of abouJ: 178 acres, and Shelbume, where Gumpas pond of about other. it falls into From 100. length Beaver river flows through the town and receives the waters Peeling, in Grafton county, was incorporated in 1763, and of these ponds. The surface of the town is generally even, although there are several swella of valuable land. the Ameriscoggin. source to its mouth is about 10 miles. in 1810, contained tants ; its its 203 inhabi- bounded N. E. by Lin- coln, S. E. by Thornton, S.W. by Thornton and Ellsworth, and W. by Warren, Coventry, andLaadafF, comprisingS3,359 There are here severacres. al ponds, the largest of which is Elbow pond about 60 rods The middle in diameter. branch of Pemigewasset river passes through this town. In Peeling there are three large mountains ; Cushman^s mowitain in its north pari, J5/we mountain in its 28 centre, and Rev. James Hobbe was ordained here in 1765, and was succeeded by Rev. James Moody. Rev. John Chureh, the present minister, was settled in 1798. There is here 1 meeting-house, 3 grain-mills, 3 saw-mills, 1 clothing-mill, a carding-machine, and 3 trading stores. During the ten years ending in 1808, the number of deaths in this town wasl21, of which 32 were of consumption. Pembeoke, in the south Rockingham county, part of �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 178 was incorporated in 1759, and nowcontains 1153 inhabitants ; bounded N. E. by Chichester, E. by Epsom, S. E. by Suncook river which separates it from Allenstown,' S. W. by Merrimack river dividing it from Bow, and N. W. by Suncook river diviaing it from Concord. It contains 14,060 acres. Two bridges are erected ovtr the Suncook, one connecting this town with Concord, and ihc other leading to Allensiown ; over the latter of which the Cheste;r turnpike pass^-s. mack, flows from the ridge called the height of land. Its several sources are on the Moosehillock mountain, the southwest part of the White mountains, and in the town of Franconia. On its western §ide it receives Btiker's river, stream from New-Found pond, Smith's river, and many a smaller streams. Its average course is south about 50 miles,passing through Lincoln, Peeling, Thornton, Campton, and by Holderness, Plymouth, Bridgewater, NewChester, and Andover. It Suncook and Merrimack are sever.d valuable mill seats, on which are erected a cotton fac- empties into the Winnipiseogee at the lower part of Sanbornton. After this junction the main stream becomes the tory, 2 paper-mills, an oil-mill, Merrimack. Near the junction of the a nnil factory, carding-maBeside these,there chine, &c. are in the town 4 corn-mills, 5 saw-mills, and a clothing- Pembroke street is nearly three miles long, on which are about 50 dwelling-houses, 5 mill. and 2 meeting-houses. The soil of this town is generally good, and its local situation is remarkably pleasant. It stores, Suncook by the Inand was granted by Massachu'^etts under the name was called dians, of Lovewell's town. Rev. Aaron Whitman was settUd He has been here in 1736. succeeded by the Rev. Messrs. Emery, Colby, Mitchell, and Burnham, the latter of whom is the present minister. Peterborough, a township southwest part of Hillsborough county, lying about 25 miles west from the Connecticut and the same distance in the east from the Merrimack, was incorporated in 1760, and in 1810 contained 1537 inhabi- bounded N. by Hanand Greenfield, E. by Greenfield and Temple, S. by Sharon, and W. by Jaffreyand Dublin, comprising an area of 23,780 acres. The surface of this town is mountainous, and its soil is enriched by numerous brooks and small streams, favourable meadow and pasturage to ground, and supplying many tants ; cock A Pemigewasset River, the western branch of the Merri- prinvaluable mill seats; Contoocook cipal branch of river passes near the centre of �GAZETTEER OF NEWHAMPSHIRE and also Goose this town, riv- flowing from Dublin er falling and into the Contoocook at Smith'smills. Near this juncis the principal village, which is much indebted for its origin and growth to the individual exertions of the Hon. tion S. Smith. Here are about 25 dwellinghouses, 2 stores, 3 cotton factories, a paper-mill, an oil-mill, grain-mill, fulling-mill, saw- mill, carding-machine, mechan- &c. On the Conother parts of the town are 2 other cotton factories, a woollen factory, 2 grainmills, and 2 saw-mills. Peterborough is one of the most considerable manufacturNo ing towns in the state. one has so many factories. The principal roads leading ic irs Paulsburgh. NeartheN.E. extremity of Piercy the north and south branches of the Amonoosuck form a junction. This river receives Nash's stream in the northerly part of the town, as it flows from Stratford. Mill and Pilot mountains are in this place. There are here only two mills. The course on a straight line from the centre of this town to the mouth of the Upper Amonoosuck is about 6 miles. shops, toocook in throughthe town are from Amherst to Keene, and from Hancock to New-Ipswich. There here 1 meeting-house, in which Rev. J. Morrison was ordained in 1759. He was succeeded by Rev. D. Annan Rev. E. Dunbar,the in 1779. Phillip's River flows partfrom Columbia and Dixville mountains and partly from a large pond in the state's ly No. land thence enlarging passes through the towns of Millsfield and Dummer, and taking a westerly course, it passes through Kilkenny and enters Piercy, where it unites with the Upper Amitself as 1. it onoosuck. is present minister, was settled in 1799. PiERCY, in Coos county, was incorporated in 1794, and in 1310, contained 211 inhabit- Pierce's Island is in Pis- cataqua harbour, between this and Seavey's island the main channel passes. On each of them batteries and entrenchments were prepared in 1775, and again in 1814. The current is here narrow, rapid and deep, and the shore bold and rocky. (See Piscataqiia har- bounded N. by Stratford and ungranted lands, E. and S. by Kilkenny, and W. by Nor- bour. ) thumberland,comprising50,630 acres. Piercy^s pond is on the E. side of the town, the waters ty, ants ; of which fall Amonoosuck into in the Upper the town of PiERMONT, in Grafton counwas incorporated in 1764, and in 1810, contained 877 inhabitants ; bounded N. E. by Haverhill, E. by Warren, S. W. by Orford, and W. by the �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 180 west side of Connecticut river, which divides it from Bradford in Vermont, comprising about 25,800 acres. Eastman's ponds lie in this tov/n near Warren they unite and fall into Connecticut river in Piermont. Black motintccin lies on ; the south side of this place and Stallion mountain on its northern side. The Coos turnpike passes through tlie N. E. part of the town. Thert is here 1 meeting-house and 2 religious societies, 2 grain-mills, 3 sawmills, tillery. 1 fulling-mill, The and 1 dis- inhabitants hre generally farmers, and manufacture their own clothing. Pine River flows pond of that name in After a N. W. field. through Ossipee and Effingham, it Ossipee lake. falls from a Wake- into PiscATAQUA River course part of Great is the only large river, the whole course of which is within the Its source is a pond state. near the S. W. corner of the town of Wakefield, and is on the lifte of the District of Its general course Maine. thence to the sea is S. S. E. adivides It bout 40 miles. this state from York county, (Maine) and is called Salmon falls river from its source to Berwick lower falls, where it takes the name of Newichawannocky which it bears until it meets the river Cochecho flowThe confluing from Dover. ent stream thence passes to Hilton's point 7 miles from the sea. The western branch is formed from the Swamscot river flov/ing from Exeter, fan Winnicot river flowing from Stratham through Greenland, and Lamprey river, which divides Newmarket from DurhamThese empty into a bay 4 miles wide, called the Great bay. These waters in their further pr'.gress are contracted into a smaller baj^, where they receive Oyster river from Durham and Black river from Dover. They form a junction with the other branch at Hilton's point. The tide rises in all these bays and branches as far up as the falls in each. It forms a rapid current, especially in the season of freshets, when the ebb continues about two hours longer than the flood some of the ferries would be impassable were it not for the numerous eddies, formed by the indentures of At the lower falls the shore. in each river are landing placother es, where lumber and country produce is discharged, so that each branch affords a convenient trading place not more than 15 or 20 miles from Portsmouth, with which a concommunication is kept stant ; This river therefore from up. the situation of its branches is extremely favourable to navigation and commerce. PiscATAquA Harbour is one of the finest on the continent, having sufficient depth of water for vessels of any bur- �ui GAZETTEER OF N^VV-HAMPSHTRE. The den. tect it adjacent lands pro- from storms so ally that ships may efFectu- ride here which town the stream passes to the N.E. extremity of Bradford where it falls into the Merrimack any season of the year. The current here is so narrow and rapid that the harbour nev- erly course of about It is so well fortier freezes. fied by nature that very little PiscAsiCK River rises in Brentwood and passes through safely in labour is requisite to make it impregnable. The islands in this harbour are numerous ; the largest of them is GreatIsland or Nezv-Castley now incorporated into a township (which see.) On this island stands a light-house and the principal fort, called Fort CcnNear the site of this stitiition. fort, one was erected as early river,after a south- Newmarket where ii falls 20 miles. Durham, Lamprey riv- into into er about one mile from the northern boundary of Newmarket. On this stream are numerous mill seats. PiGWACKET, the Indian name of Conway, Fryburgh, and the towns adjacent. command PiTTSFiELD,in Rockingham Esq. In 1795, this was completely prepared, mounted with 16 cannon and manned with a company of men now under the command county, was incorporated in 1782, and contained in 1810 a bounded jyopulation of 1050 N. E. by Barnstead, S. E. by as 1660, under the of Richard Cutts, of Capt. Walbach. In the summer of ISl'i, Fort Constitution was put in a complete state of defence, and another was erected at effreu' s point on the easterly part of the island, another on Kittery point called Fort M'Clary and another on called Fort Pierce's island Washington^ and several other y fortifications on the main were thrown up islands. ; Barrington and Northwood, S. by Epsom and Chichester, and N.W. by Loudon and Suncook river. It comprises 14, 921 acres, 94 of which are wa- W. ter. In the S.E. part of this town Catamount mountain, on the summit of which is Berry^s pond, and on its E. side is Wildgoose pond, about 100 rods in On the W. side of diameter. this pond the magnetic needle is The materially affected. of this town is very fertile. There are here 3 grain-mills, 5 saw-mills, 2 fulling-mills, 2 carding-machines, and several trading stores. The first minister in Pittsfield was the Rev. R.Page. Elders Sargeant and Knovvlton of is PiscATAquoG River. Its most southerly branch rises in Francestown and its most northerly in Henniker and Deering. These after passing through Weare and New- Boston form a junction on the W. side of GofFstown, through soil �GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 18-2 the baptist order are now settled here. There is also in this town a small society of Friends. The number of deaths here from 1781 to 1814, was The spotted fever pre379. town in 1813 and 14, of which 'JS persons died in those two years. The vailed in annual deaths is this average about 9. number of Plainfield, a township in Cheshire county, incorporated in 1761, and containing in 1810, a population of 1462 bounded N. by Lebanon, S.E. by NewGrantham, S. by Cornish, and W. by Connecticut river,which divides it from Hartland in Vermont. At the lower part of this town in Connecticut river is HarCs island about 150 rods long and 35 wide. IVaterquechy falls are adjacent to this town, a bridge was erected here in 1807. Plainfield is watered by a small stream flowing from Croydon moun; on which are erected sevThis town contains a handsome village of 10 or tains, ed N. W. by Hampstead,N.E. by Kingston andNewtown,S.K. and S. W. by Haverhill, (Mass.,) and W. by Atkinson, comprising about 5,843 acres. small stream from Hampstead and another from Newtown meet in Plaistow and running southerly pass into Haverhill between Plaistow meeting-house and the S. corner of Atkinson. There are 3 grainmills, 2 saw-mills, and 1 full- A Here ing-mill. societies and are 2 religious meeting-house. 1 Rev. J'lmes Cushing was sethere in 1730, and was succeeded in 1765, by Rev. G. Merrill. Elder John Herriman is the present minister and was ordained in 1812. tled Plymouth, a township in Grafton county, is situated at the junction of Baker's and Pemigewasset river. This town was incorporated in 1763, and in 1775, it contained 382 inhabitants, and in 1810, it contained 937 bounded N. by Campton, ; eral mills. E.by Pemigewasset river,S. by Bridgewater, and W. by He- 12 bron, comprising 16,256 acres. The Mayhew turnpike passes through the westerly part In the northof this town. east part is a pleasant village, containing about 22 dwellinghouses, a meeting-house, courthouse, 4 stores, and a distillery. In this town are also 4 mills, &c. dwelling-houses, several and 2 meeting-houses. Through this place passes the Croydon turnpike. The present ministers here are Rev. J. Dickerson of the congregational and Elder Cram of the baptist order. stores, in Plaistow, a small township Rockingham county, incor- in 1764, and now containing 462 inhabitants; bound- porated Rev. Nathan tled here in sent minister Fairbanks. Ward was 1765. is the The set- pre- Rev. D. �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. Poplin, a township in Rockingham county, was incorporated in 1764, and in 1810,contained 482 inhabitants bound«d N. by Epping, E. by Brentwood, S. by Hawke and Sandown, and W. by Chester and ; Raymond, comprising 9,702 acres. In the northwest part of the town is" a small pond, and its southerly part is wavered by Exeter fresh river. There is here a meeting-house, several mills, and a cardingmachine. The inhabitants are principally of the methodist denomination. lis Portsmouth, the metropoof New-Hampshire and its only sea-port, lies on the southwest side of Piscataqua river. It war. incorporated in 1633, and in 1810, it contained 6,934 inhabitants bounded N. W. by Newington, N. E. by the river, S. E. and S. by Rye,and W. by Greenland and Newington. Its area is 10,350 a; cres. The northeastern boundary of Portsmouth is by the District of Maine, following the main channel of Piscataqua river. This line will include on Portsmouth side the folio w- ingislands, viz. Goat'^^Pierce's^ Leach'' s^ Hospital^ Shafiiey^s^und Salterns. The compact part of this town contains about 225 acres, almost entirely surrounded by water, the distance being only 90 rods from the south millpond to the north pond. Into these ponds the tide flows, and i8;i at their outlets are flood gates and Portsmouth con927 dwelling-houses and mills. tains 18 public buildings, viz. 3 congregational meeting-houses, 1 episcopal church, 1 meeting- house for baptists, 1 for methodists, and 1 for universalists, an academy, 5 school-houses, a court-house, gaol, alms-house, and 2 markets. A female asylum was incorporated here in 1808, and there are also 4 incorporated banks and several insurance offices. An athe- naeum was recently established and promises to be a respectable and useful institution. The houses erected in this last ten years are generally of brick and of elegant architecture. In 1800, there were in this town 86 dwelling-houses of one story, 524 of two stories, and 21 of three stories, since which period the latter class have increased nearly one third ia town during the number and many have been erected of four stories. P'^rtsmouth pier or tvharf was built in 1795, by an incorporated company, 340 feet in leKgth and of an average width of 60 On feet. this wharf was erect- ed a handsome range of buildings 300 feet long, three stories high,and divided into fourteen stores. This range was destroy-r ed by the great fire in 1813, new market house was built in 1800, 80 feet long, 30 wide, and two stories high, the upper story of which is occupied A as a ket town is hall : a new fish mar- also erected. Both of �GAZETTEER OF T<EW-HAM1>SHIRK. 184 these markets are excellently supplied, especially the latter. The harbour of Portsmouth latitude 43° N. and in Greenwich it is known to mariners by the Agamentifollowing marks. cus, a remarkable mountain in is in 5' 70''4'VV. long, t'rom the county of York, lies four leagues due N. Pidgeon hill on Cape Ann bears due S. 10 leagues, and the highest of the Isles of Shoals bears S. E. by S. distant S leagues from the In entrance of the harbour. the middle of the harbour's mouth is Great' Is land^on which stands the town of Newcastle, and on the northeast point of this island is the light-house. The following are directions the harbour for entering *' Vessels coming from the east should keep in 12 fathoms water, till the light-house bearsN. half a point E. or W. distant 3 miles to avoid a ledge of rocks which lie off the mouth of the harbour, then bear away for %he light-house, keeping the western shore on board, and coming no nearer that shore than 9 fathoms, giving the light a proper birth and standing over to the northern shore of the river where they may anchor in 9 fathoms abreast of Sparhawk? s point. Ships coming from the southward should observe the same directions respecting the light and keep in 9 fathoms on the western shore." Between the north side of Great Island and the Kittery shore is the main channel, a- bout a mile wide and 9 or 10 fathoms deep. The anchorage is good, the shore is lined with rocks, and the h3,rbour is landall sides and persect- locked on ly safe. The tide rises from 10 to 14 feet. The other entrance on the south side of Great-Island is called Little Harbour ; the water here is shoal and the bottom sandy. Between the upper end of Great- Island and the town is a broad deep still water, called the pool^ where the largest ships may ride very safely. was the usual station for the mast ships, of which seven Tliis have been loading here at once. In this place the Astrea ship of war of 20 guns was burnt in ir44, (see Belknap.) Portsmouth has convenient wharves and good anchorage. The water is deep enough for the largest vessels, and the harbour has so many natural advantages and is so capable of defence, that it" might be made a very safe and commodious naval depot. Ships of war have been built here at early and recent periods. The Falkland of 54 guns in 1690, Bedford Galley of 32 guns in 1696, as also the Raleigh of 32, and Ranger of 18. In 1782, the America of 74 guns was built here and was presented by Congress to the king of France. In 1814, the Washington of 74 guns was launched. In 1765, there were here 199 clearances and 115 entries from foreign ports. In 1790, �GAZETTEER and in the 1791, OJP number of were 223, of which 34 were ships, 87 were brigs, 84 were schooners, and 18 were entries sloops. The number was af- terwards much increased. In the year 1810, there belonged to this port 28 ships, 47 brigs, 10 schooners, 2 sloops, and 1 barge, all of them employed There were and ma- in foraign trade. also ny 20 fishing vessels coasters. This town is intersected by NEW-HAMPSHIRE, 185 church of England. imprisoned and was of the He was afterwards charged. conditionally dis- Rev. Nathaniel Rogers was ordained here in 1699; who was descended from Rogers the John martyr celebrated the reign of queen in Mary. He died in 1723, and was succeeded by Rev. Jabez Fitch who died in 1746. Rtv. Samuel Langdon was ordained here 1747, and was made president 40 lanes, 12 alleys, 4 roads, and 4 public squares. The ter, of Harvard college in 1774. 32 streets, principal streets are pav- Rev. ed. town The Portsmouth Aqueduct Company was incorporated in 1812, 1797, and in 1800, the town was supplied with excellent water for domestic uses,from a spring ia Newington about 3 miles distant from Portsmouth It is carried into almost pier. every street in the town, and on the north side of the pier is a water-house and pump where ships can be supplied at 10 cents per hogshead. The greatest number of deaths in this town in any one of the last 3 5 years was 150, and the smallest number 100. The first meeting-house in Portsmouth was erected in 1640, and a Mr. Gibson was employed to preach in it. In 1664, another was erected. In 1671, Rev. J. Moody, the first ordained minister was settled here. Mr. Moody was indicted by Gov. Cranfield for refusing to administer the sacrament to him after the manner 24 Joseph Buckminswas ordained in this D.D. 1779, in aged 61, and died in Rev. John Emerson was installed in the old parish in 1715. In 1732, the Rev. Mr. Shurtleff was ordained in the south meetinghouse newly erected, and his successor Rev. Job Strong was ordained in 1749. Rev. Samuel Haven, D. D. was settled here in 1752, and died in 1806, aged 79. Dr. Haven and Dr, Buckminster were among the most distinguished divines and eminent preachers and the most learned men of their country. Rev. T. Alden, jun. was ordained colleague with Dr. Haven in 1799, and his successor is Rev. Nathan Parker the present minister. keen's now chapel^ St. yohn's churchy was consecrated in 1734, and in 1792,an episcopalian society was incorpoRev. A. Brown rated here* was Rev. Rev. settled J. J. C. over it Ogden in in 1736, 1786, Willard and C. Bur- �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 186 roughs have succeeded, latttr of whom is the the present In 1761, a meetinghouse was built in this town by an " independent congregational" society, over whom Rev.L. Druwn was settled, and was succeeded by Rev. J. Walton pastor. its present minister. ' Mr. Robert Sandiman came over to *.his country about the year 1764, and formed a societv in this town, who afterwards built themselves a meeting-house. Mr. Sandiman died David in 1771. ir. Danbury Humphreys, Esq. has for many years officiated as teacher of this little flock. The society of universalists in Portsmouth w;is collected destroyed 107 persons between the 20"th of July and the 6th of October of that year. Of these 55 died of the fever and 52 of the dysentery. In the year 1623, David Thompson, a Scotchman, with several others from London landed at the mouth of Piscataqua river on its S. side, at a place which they called Little- harbour. Here they erected salt-works and a house, which they afterwards called Masonhall. In 1631, Humphrey Chad- bourne erected a house at Strawberry-bank. Several cannon also were placed during this year at the N. E. point of Great- Inland, In 1632, the sea-coast by the Rev. John Murray, who preached his doctrines first here in 1776. In 1784, Rev. NoLih Parker was settled over this society. Rev. J. Richards, his successor, was ordained in 1799, and was succeeded by Rev. thL Rev. Hosea Ballou. Sebastian Streeter is the pres- page 51.) ent minister. forever. In 1802, a baptist society was formed in this town by Elder EliasSmith. The church in 1 803, and now consists of 175 members. The methodists also have a small society in this town. The situation and climate of Portsmouth are salubrious. The annual average number of deaths for 25 years past has been about 120, except the year 1 798, whtn the town was visited by the yellow fever and dysentery. This epidemic was gathered in was alarmed by the piracies and depredation of Dixy Bull. (See General View, vicinity this of In 1 640, a grant of 50 acres glebe land was made to Thomas Walford and Henry Sherburne and their successors In 1692, the small-pox raged with great violence in Portsmouth and Greenland, and few people being acquainted with its treatment, the mortality and sufferings were very great. In 1694, an attack was made upon the houses at Portsmouth plains by party ; an Indian scouting 14 persons were kill- ed on the spot, several others were wounded, and a number taken prisoners. The houses also were plundered and burnt. (See Breakfast hill.) �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHTU?: In 1697, William Partridge native of Portsmouth was appointed lieutenant-governor. In 1705, the line of pickets, which enclosed Portsmouth, extended from the mill-pond on the S. side of the town to the creek on the S. side, and crossed the street a few rods W. of the present site of the court-house. Portsmouth has suffered in a remarkable manner by fire. On the 26th December, 1802, a fire broke out in one of the banks and destroyed 120 builda ings, principally in Daniel streets. December, 1806, another conabout 20 buildings, including St. John's churchy but the most calamitous and destructive fire was on 22d December, 1813. It swept over 15 acres and destroyed 173 buildings. These fire? have been the cause of great improvements in the streets, the appearance, and the police of the town. RrvER, has its Kingston in Great pond and County pond^ thence source in it passes the S. mills, and their mechanism, W. to- gether with the irregularity of the houses, scenery, Sec. give to this spot a singularly grotesque and romantic appearance and afford on the whole one of the most remarkable views in this country. R. the 24th flagration destroyed Powow the space of 50 rods falls 100 feet, carrying 1 hloomery, 5 saw-mills, 1 fulling-mill, and 1 snuff-mill, besides several other auxiliary mills. The rapidity of the tails, the continuity of the dams, the variety of the Market and On i8r part of East-Kingston into Southampthence into Amesbury, it takes an easterly course and passes again into Southampton, thence returning to Amesbury it empties into the Merrimack between Saliston, where Amesbury in Essex The falls on this river in Amesbury are remarkable. The water within Raymond, Rockingham in county, was incorporated in 1764, and in 1810, contained 898 inhabitants bounded N. by Nottingham and Deerfield, E. by Epping and Poplin, S. by Chester, and W. by Candia and Chester,comprising 16,317 acres, of which 360 are water. Jones* pond 250 rods long and 150 wide, and Governor's pond 200 long and 100 wide are in this town, both of them emptying into Lamprey river. Exeter river passes the S. E. extremity and Petuckawav river ; N. E. extrernity of this There is here 1 meettown. ing-house, 2 religious societies, 1 of them of congregationalists, over which the Rev. Mr.Stick- the There are in 3 grain-mills, 4 sawmills, and a fulling-mill. ney was settled. Raymond^ bury and county, Mass. Red Hill River flows from Red hill pond in the town of Sandwich, and after a south- �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 188 erly course falls into the Winnipiseogce lake. empty into Miller's river others into river. of about 6 miles N. E. arm of Red and yellow the and Contoocook ochre, aad Rindge lying on crystals, crystalline spars, township in the S. part of Cheshire county, Richmond, a 1752, and in 1810, contained 1290 inhab- was incorporated in bounded N. by SwanE. by Fitzwilliam, S. by Massachusetts, and W. by Winchester, comprising 23,725 itants ; sey, Here are several ponds, the waters of which fall into Ashuelot, and one of them is the source of Miller's river. Ashuelot turnpike passes thro' this town. There are here two acrest societies of baptists ;ind one of Friends, and two meetinghouses in a small village near There the centre of the town. Richmond are also in 5 grain- saw-miUs, 1 clothingmill, and 1 carding-machine. Elders Bellew and Aldrich were first settled here, Elder mills, 5 Billings is the present pastor. RiNDGE, in the N.E. part of Cheshire county, was incorporated in 1760, and in 1810, contained 1226 inhabitants bounded N.by Jaffrey and Sharon, E. by New-Ipswich, S. by Massachusetts, and W. by FitzW'illiam, comprising 23,838 acres, of which 660 are water. There are in this town 12 ponds, the largest of which (^Menomonock pond) has about ; 200 acres. Of some contain 100 the others acres and The waothers are smaller. ters from some of them unite with the Menomoriock, others vitriol are found here. has a pleasant village the turnpike, containing a congregational meeting-house,several mills, &c. Rev. Seth Dean was ordained here in 1765, and Rev. Scth Payson succeeded him in 1782, and is the presIn 1775, this ent minister. town contained only 542 inhabitants. Rochester, in Strafford county, was incorporated in 1722, and contains 2118 inhabitants ; bounded N. E. by river, which difrom Lebanon, (in Maine,) S.E. by Somersworth and Dover, S. W. by Barrington, and N.W. by Farmington and Milton, comprising 26,609 Cochecho river flows acres. through this town from N. to S. and receives Isinglass river Salmon vides fall it near Dover line. Near is a the ce«tre of the town village called Norway containing a meetinghouse, a court-house, about 40 dwelling-houses, and several There are also in this stores. town 4 grain-mills,4 saw-mills, 2 carding-machines, and a cot- plains, ton factory. One term of the district court of common pleas is held here annually. Rev. Amos Maine was ordained ia this town in 1737. His successors have been Rev. Messrs. Hill, Hall, and Haven, �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. the latter of sent pastor. whom is the pre- In 1746, and in 1747, the Indians made excursions against this town in small parties, committing many depredations and some murders. Rockingham County is bounded N. E. by Strafford county and Piscataqua river, E. about 14 miles by the sea, as in Exeter, 189 there is a court- house and a county gaol. The superior court is holden for this county at Portsmouth and Exeter alternately. The courts of common pleas are also holden in those towns alternately. Probate courts are holden in Portsmouth, Exeter, and Londonderry. RoxBURY, in Cheshire coun- was incorporated in 1812, and is boiindefl N. by Sullivan, E. by Nelson and Dublin, S. by Marlborough, and W. by Keene, ompnsing about 6000 This rown was incoracres. E. and S. by Massachusetts, and W. by Hillsborough county, comprising an area of 661, 646 acres of land and water. This county contains 46 townships, and according to the ty, census of 1810, a population of 50,115 inhabitants, 8,404 of porated subsequent to the list census arid of course its population has not been estimated. There is her-; a meeting-house, S. whom were legal voters. It has 80 meeting-houses, 6 academies, 132 grain-mills, 161 saw-mills, 38 clothing-mills, 5 cotton and 2 woollen factories, 26 carding-machines, 5 papermills, 4 oil-mills, and 130 trad- ing stores exclusive of those in Portsmouth. In 1812, the returns of cattle and horses in this county were as follows; 19 stud-horses, 5,271 other horses, 205 of four years old, 334 of three years old, and 337 of two years old ; 7,164 oxen, 3,335 of four years old, 16,913 cows, 8,433 of three years old cattle, and By 9,01 & of two years old. the best estimates there were 61,340 sheep and 3,634 acres of orcharding. The principal towns in this county are Portsmouth, Concord, Exeter, and LondonderIn Portsmouth, as well ry. i a grain-mill, a saw-mill, and a clovhing-mill. RuMNEY, Grafton county, in 1767, and inhabitants ; contains 765 bounded N. E. by Ellsworth, E. by Campton, S. W. by Groton and Hebron, and N. W.by Wentworth, comprising an area of 22,475 acres. In the north partof the town is Stinsori's pond 400 rods long and 280 wide, from which flows a considerable stream in was incorporated called Blill hrook^ to Baker's river. emptying inThis river passes the southerly extremity of the town. Stinson^s mountain lies near the pond, and a part of Carr''s and several other mountains are in this town. There is here a meeting-house in which Rev. Thomas Niles �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAxMPSHIRE. 190 was first settled. Elders C. Haines and Wilmouth have S. succeeded him, but at present Through it has no minister. this town on the south side of Baker's riv«r passes the great road from Plymouth to the Saco River has its source on the White mountains near what is called the notch, and in the vicinity of the source Coos turnpike. which runs westerly into Con- Rockingham county, lying on the sea- Rye, a township in coast opposite to the Isles of Shoals, was incorporated in 1719, and contains 1020 inhab- bounded N. and N.W. by Portsmouth, N. E. by Little Harbour, E. by the sea, S. by Northampton, and W. by itants ; Greenland, comprising 7,780 On the shore there are three very pleasant beaches, viz. Jewiess* Sandy, and Walacres. lace's. Harbour A bridge at Little unites the towns of I^ye and Newcastle. The soil of this town is not naturally fertile, but it is made remarkably productive bj' the assistance of sea-weed, which is ascertained to be an excellent manure. Rev. Nath'i Morrill was settled here in 1726, Rev. Samuel Parsons in 1736, and the present minister Rev. Hunting- of the Lower Amonoosuck, necticut river. Saco river flows in a southerly course down the mountains about 12 miles, then taking an easterly direction it enters the town of Barllett, where it re- ceives Ellis river, which rises in the easterly pass of the mountain near the source of Peabody river. Within the distance of half a mile from fountains two large these streams flow down the highest of the mountains, one of them into Ellis river. The former of these is Cutler's river and the latter is New river. The latter made its appearanc?^ in October, 1775, during a long rain. In its course it broke down many rocks and trees and presented a wide spectacle of ruin. At its junction with Ellis river there is a noble cascade of 100 feet in height. Several other branches of <9ac<3 river flow from other parts of ton Porter in 1814. There is here 1 meetinghouse, 2 school-houses, 3 grain and 3 saw-mills. In the fall of 1814, a boat from a British fleet approached the shore at i?z/f, and on being fired upon by the inhabitants, it immediately returned with a loss, it is supposed, of From Bartlett the mountains. the course of the Saco is S. about 10 miles to the lower part of Conway, where it receives several men. miles. Swift river from Burton, thence in an easterly course it passes into Fryburgh and BrownsMaine, and from thence field in to the sea ly course has a southeasterof about forty-five it �GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE. This river rises and overflows very suddenly in rainy seasons and subsides very rapidly after the cessation of the rains. In the great flood of 1775, when the New river broke out, the banks of the Saco were overflowed very suddenly, and the waters were of a deep red colour for several days, probably from passing over iron ore. This appearance was superstitiously supposed to be that of blood, and was considered as ominous of public calamity. On the subsiding of the waters, it was observed, that the bed of the river in some places was widened and the course of several of its branches changed. In a great freshet it has risen 25 feet, but common its rise is about 10 191 Thefe is here also a small society of methodists, another of baptists, a pleasant village of 12 or 14 houses, 4 grainmills, 3 saw-mills, a woollen factory, a fulling-mill, and a carding-machine. Salisbury, a township in N.E. part of Hillsborough the county, formerly called Ste- phenstown,was incorporated in 1768, and contains 1913 inhabitants bounded N. by Andover, E. by Merrimack river, which divides it from Northfield, S. by Boscawen and Warner, and W. by Kearsarge Gore and mountain, comprising an area of 28,600 acres. Blackwater river, a branch of the Contoocook passes the W. part of this town and forms sev; bays near the line of Andover. toll bridge connects the N.E. part of this town with Sanbornton. There is a very eral feet. A Salem New, generally call- ed New-Salem, is in Rockingcounty, was incorporated in 1 750, and contains 1 1 79 inhabitants ; bounded N. by Londonderry, E. by Atkinson and the line of Massachusetts, S. by this line and Pelham, and ham W. by Windham, comprising 15,600 acres. In this place are World'' s pond^ Captain! s pond^ Policy pondy &c. all of which fall into Spiggot river. The soil here is well watered and fertile. The Londonderry flourishing village at Webster's fails, near the mouth of Winni- piseogee river. A Kearsarge mountain bury^ and through part of is in Salis- town N. H. turnpike Dartmouth college to this passes the 4th from Concord. On this road in the of the town is a flour* ishing village, containing 20 or 30 houses, stores, &c. There S. part town a %congregaand baptist society, 2 handsome meeting-houses, an academy, several grain and are in this tional turnpike passes through this Rev. A. Bailey was town. settled here in 1 740, and Elder Samuel Fletcher in 1780. Rev. John Smith is the present pas- ing-machines, tor. 5tore«. saw-mills, a clothing-mill, wire-factory, oil-mill, 2 card- and 6 trading �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAAfPSmRE. 192 Ri V. J. Searle was ordained The present in 1773. ministers are the Rev. T.Worhert' cester and Elder O. Robinson. Salmon Fall River is the branch of the Piscataqua (which see.) easti^rn and m.«in Bodwell, Elders Crocket Sanbornton has 11 grain-mills, 13 saw- mills, 3 clothing-mills, 2 carding-machines, 1 nail-factory, an oilmill, a distillery, and 6 trading J. and Cheney. stores. Sanuown, Sanbornton, W. in the S. part of S.r. fford county, was incorporiiU-d in 1770, and contains 2,884 inhabitants ; bound- ed N.W.bv Ni w-Hiimpton,N. E. by Mercdivh, E. by the Great bay, which divides it from Gilford, S.E. by Gilmanton, S. by Winn'piseogee lake, and W. by Ptingeway river, which divides it from Salisbury, Andover, and New-Chester ; this river unites Winnipiseogee lake in with the S. W. part ol the town, at which place the confluent streams become the ]\|errimack river. bays and rivers, which almost encircle this town meas- The ure nearly 30 miles,and the bay town and MereSalmon pond in this town, and is 130 rods long and 50 wide. Salmon brook mountain is in Sanbornton. Re- between this 3 miles wide. brook pond is the only dith is publican ridge connects this town with Salisbury and Union bridge unites it to Giltaanton. There are in this town 3 re- ligious societies, 2 of baptists and 1 of congregationalists, each of them owning a handsome mc»eting-house. Rtv. J. Woodman this The minister in in 1771. present ministers ar^Rev. the first town was ordained in Rockingham county, was incorporated in 1756, and in 1810, contained 504< inhabitants bounded N. by Chf^ster and Poplin, E. by Hawke, S. by Hajupstead, and W. by Chester and part of Londonderry, comprising 8,532 acres, of which 200 are ; water. The largest parts of Chub pond and of Angle pond are town, one on its eastern and the other on its northern line ; the former is 140 rods wide and the luttcr 100, emptying itself into Exeter river, which passes through this town. Rev. Josiah Cotton the first minister here, was ordained in 1759, and was succeeded for a short time by the Rev. in this The inhabitants Collins. are generally baptists and meThere is here a thodists. nieeting-house and several S. mills. Sandwich, in the N. part of Sii. fford county, was incorporated in 1763, and contains 2,232 inhabitants ; bounded N. b)' Sand wi en mountains an unlocated tiact, E. by Tamworrh, S.^by Moultonborough, and W. by Campton, Holder- ness and Thornton, comprising an area of 54,600 acres. �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. Red Hill pond and Bear Camp pond are in this town, of two of the same names. In the northwest part of the town is part of Squam. mountain and of Squam lake, (see Squam forming the sources rivers lake.) Tiiere are here three religious societies ; one of baptists, one of methodists, and one of friends. Elder Quimby is a There settled preacher here. are in Sandwich 6 grain-mills, 6 saw-mills, 1 clothing-mill, 1 carding- machine, and 3 trad- ing stores. Sawyer's Location. (See Nash's and Sawyer's location.) Seabrook, in Rockingham county, is in the northeast extremity of the state. It was incorporated in 1768, and contains 774 inhabitants N. by Hampton ; bounded E. by Falls, 193 Seabrook was formerly a part of Hampton. It is 9 miles from Exeter, the road passing through it from Portsmouth to Newburyport. Sharon, in the west part of Hillsborough county, was incorporated in 1791, and con446 inhabitants ; bounded N. by Peterborough, E. by Temple, S. by New-Ipswich and Rindge, and W. by Jaffrey, comprising an area of 10,000 acres. St'veral small streams rise in this town and fall into Contoocook river. On the line between this town and Rindge is a cragged mountain 200 feet higher than the surrounding tains country. The 3d N. H. turnpike passes over the southwest extremity of this town. Shelburne, in Coos county, was incorporated in 1769, and the sea, S. by the line of Massachusetts dividing it from Salisbury, and W. by Southampton and part of Kensington, comprising an area of contains 3,307 acres. (jainx^ brook waters the east part of the town and falls into comprising 45,140 acres. the sea at Hampton. This part of the town is an extensive salt marsh. There are here two societies of congregation-^ alists and one "of friends, each having a meeting-house in a village of about 40 houses,&c. Rev. S. Perley was ordained here in 1765. The present pastor is Rev. £. Hull. 26 176 inhabitants ; bounded N. by Success and Maynesborough, E. by the District of Maine, S. by unlocated lands, and W.by Durand, Ameriscoggin river in its passage through this town into Maine, receives Peabody and rivers and several Moose smaller streams. Mount MorzaAandsome other large mountains are in ShelburneThere are here 2 grain and 2 sawmills. in Sh»als, Isles of, are seven number and lie on the coast �CAZETTEKR OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 194 of New-Hampshire. The celebrated John Smith gave his own name to them, but the ingratitude of posterity has denied this small honour to his memory. Stateti island belongs to on New- Hampshire, and this is the town of Gosport. The others are in the District of Maine. They are inhabit- ed by about 100 fishermen and have a meeting-house, which serves as a land mark to seamen. There has also been erected here by charity a parsonage house. There is here good moorings and an artificial dock construct- set river in line. SoMERswoRTH, in the southextremity of Strafford county, was formerly a part of Dover. It was incorporated in 1754, and contains 878 incast Rochester, 33'. ; bounded N. W. by N. E. by Salmon river which divides it from Berwick, and S. and S.W. by Dover, comprising an area of 10,048 acres. There are in this town several ponds, such as Cole's pond 150 rods long and half as wide Humphreys^ pond on the line of Dover, 200 long and 120 wide. Dover turnpike passes through the southeast part of this town and over Quampegan bridge into Berwick. SomersTvorth fall ; Rev. John Tuck was ordained here in 1732, and died in 1773, aged 77. Sims' Stream rises in the mountains in Columbia from several ponds and springs, and the Connecticut river near the northwest ejitremity of the town. falls into Smith's River rises in Orange and Grafton, near Isinglass mountain, and after an easterly course of 16 » miles through Danbury and Alexandria, falls into the is : habitants N. N. W. 3 leagues to Newburyport bar, S. W. 7 leagues, N. lat. 42° 59', W. long. 70° mouth ; do From Star ishmd to d)-y salvage rock the course is S. ^° W. 8 leagues to Portsmouth, Its Society" LAND,in Hillsborough county, contains 199 inhabitants bounded N. by Deering, E. by Francestown, S. by Greenfield, and W. by Contoocook river which divides it from Antrim its area is Crotchet moun3,300 acres. tain lies on its south and east Vessels ed by Mr. Haley. sometimes put in here in bad weather, but large ships cannot this safely. the upper part of New-Chester. 20 yards wide. Pemigewas- has one meeting-house. The Rev. James Pike was 1730, and he has been succeededby theRev. P. Thurston. There are in this town 3 grain and 3 sawmills, 2 fulling-mills, and 1 trading store. The history of this town records a violent thunder storm in 1779, during which the meeting-house was settled here in �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. consumed by lightning and its bell was melted and fell in a of that name 195 opposite Litch- field. state of fusion. SoucooK River rises from three ponds in the southerlypart of Gilmanton,oneofwhich The several is Soon pond. branches unite in Loudon, and passing between Concord and Pembroke, mack falls. fall river On this number of MerriGarvan's into the below stream mills of Spiggot River rises in Londonderry and Hampstead from Island pond. After passing through Salem and receiving the waters of several ponds in that town, Merrimack it falls into the Me- river between thuen and Dracut in Massa- chusetts. a large various is Springfield, in Cheshire kinds. county, was incorporated in 1794, and contains 814 inhab- SoiJTHAMPTON, in Rockingcounty, was incorporated in 1742, and contains 427 inhabitants bounded N.by EastKingston and Kensington, E. by Seabrook, S. by Amesbury, and W. by Newtown, com- itants ham ; prising 9,400 acres. Powow river flows through this town and affords many valuable mill seats. There is ; bounded Grafton, S. E. by N. E. by Wilmot and New-London, and W. by Croydon and New-Grantham, com]>rising 28,330 acres, 200 of vJiich are water. Stallion pond town is 230 rods long and 140 wide SUbj pond is 240 long and about 80 wide^ A branch of Sugar river has in this j its source here. Through the N. E. part of the town passes here one meeting-house. Rev. William Parsons was settled the 4th N.H. turnpike. Springin this town in 1743, and Rev. Jield is in the N. E. extremity N. Noyes in 1763. Southamp- of the county adjoining Hillston was formerly a part of borough and Grafton counties. Hampton and granted by Mas- There are here 3 religious societies, 1 meeting-house, 11 sachusetts. mills, and 1 store. SowHEGAN River sources of its has the southerly branch New-Ipswich, TempIe,WilAton, and Lyndeborough. nother branch flows from NewBoston and Mount- Vernon, and passes through Milford and Amherst. The two branches unite in the town of Merrimack and fall into the river in Squam Lake and River. This lake on the borders Moultonborough, Sandwich, and Centreharbor. It is about 6 miles in length and nearly 5 miles of lies Holderness, wide, containing probably about 6,500 acres. It has several small islands, the largest �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 196 There are here 17 ponds, all of which discharge their \v;iters into Ashuelot and Contoocook of which is Fort''er''s, 300 rods This long and 120 wide. lake mio^ht easily communicate with Winnipiseogee lake, the distv>nce rivers. A between them being ridge of mountains extends more than half through this town. There are here 2 The 500 rods wide. stream from Sqiiam lakexo Lit- only Sqicam pond^ (called Squam is 100 rods long, thence through the pond to its outlet Pemigewasis 400, thence to tle religious societies, river) house, set river the distanee is 1000 The river and the pond rods. are in Holderness. (See Gen- State Prison. eral View, page 49. Stewartstowv N. contains is in the Coos county, and part of 176 bounded N. by inhabitants ; college lands, E. by Dixville, S. by Colebrook, and W. by Vermont, comprising 27,381 acres. Diviond pond is in this town, forming the source of Dimond Bishop's brook^ Dead river. xuater river ^ and Mohaivk river also h >ve their sources here. unites with the ill's stream H Contoocook in this merous On town. th se several streams are nu- mills. Stoddard, in Cheshire county, was incorporated in 1774, and contains 1139 informerly It. was habit.mts. called Liratrick,and is bounded N. by Washington, E. by Windsor and Antrim, S. by ]Nelson and Sullivan, and W. b} Sullivan, Gdsum,and M.irIt contains 35,925 acres, low. 1100 of which are water. mills, 4 and 1 meeting3 saw- grain-mills, 1 clothing-mill. County Strafford is and N. W. by Grafton county, N. by Coos county, E. by the District of Maine, and S. by Rockingham bounded W. county, comprising 861,171 acres of land and water. This county contains 41,595 inhabitants, 6,828 of whom are legal voters. It has 32 townships, and in 1813, it had 50 meeting-houses, 1 academy, 920 grain-mills, 127 saw-mills, 32 clothing-mills, 4 oil-mills, 4 woollen-factory, 21 carding-machines, 10 and 88 trading distilleries, stores. In 1810, there were in this county 23 stud-horses, 4,444 other horses, 238 four years old, 312 three years old, and 495 two years old ; 5,685 oxen, 3,223 four years old ; 12,874 cows, 8,682 three years old cattle, 9,395 two years old cattle, 1 mule, 1 jack, and 1,783 acres of orcharding. Tlie principal towns in this county are Dover, Durham, and Gilmanton. Rochester, The superior court holds its sessions for this county at Dover, the common pleas are hol- cotton-factories, 1 den alternately at Rochester and Gilmanton,and the probate �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMI'SHIRE. court is held also in these two towns. The county gaol is at Dover. StraJ^ord sends 35 representatives to the state legislature. 197 town was part of the grant to Hilton in 1650, called Sivamscot patent. The charter of Stratham was dated March 20th, 1716, and signed by Edward George Vaughan then Stratford, Coos coun- in was incorporated in 1773, and contains 339 inhabitants bounded N, by Coluxnbia, E. by ungranted lands No. 1., S. by Piercy andNorthumberland, and W. by the Connecticut river, which separates it from Brunswick in Vermont. Its ty, ant-governor. The lieutt-n- townmeeting was on the 10th of Afirst area is 1716, Deacon David Robinson was chosen town clerk and held that office 47 years. Rev. Henry Rust was ordained here in 1718, Rev. Joseph Adams in 1747, and Rev. James Miltimore in 1786, the latter gentleman has since re- town is moved. Elder ; 48,931 acres. This watered by Roaring' brooiy Strong\t brook^ and Bay brook. BoTv-back mountaiyi^ Peak's mountain^ and several others are in this town. StratJhrdh'ds one meeting-house belonging to methodists. Rev. Sumner was settled here in 1773. In 1775, this town had only 40 inhabitants, and in 1790, there were 150. C Stratham, in Rockingham county jlies on the E. side of the western branch of Piscataqua river and inl 810,contained876inhabitants;boundedN.by Greenland, S.E.by Greenland ScNorthampton, S. W.by Exeter, and W. and N. W. by the river and bay, which separate it from Exeter and Newmarket. Its area is 10,120 acres. There are here 2 religious societies, 1 of baptists and the other of congregationalists, each of them has a meeting-house. There are in this town 4 grain-mills, 3 saw-raills, This and 1 clothing-mill. pril, settled S. over the Shepard was baptists in At present there is no settled minister in the town. From the year 1798 to 1812, inclusive, the number of deaths in this tov/n was 186. The greatest number in any one year was 20, and the smallest number 5, averaging about 12 annually. Between the years 1742, and 1797, inclusive, the number of deaths was 1080, averaging about 20 annually. Stratham lies about 8 miles from the sea. The land is even and well calculated for agricultural purposes. Farming is so exclusively the employment of the town, that, although a navigable river adjoins it, there is not a wharf, vessel or boat helongijig to the place. In the easterly part of the town, is perhaps the largest repository of peat iti the state. It is a meadow com- 1771. monly known by Temple meadow the name of or swamp- �GAZETTEER^ OF NBW-HAMPSHrRE. 198 This at some future day will probably become a valuable resource. In 1807, a bridge was erected connecting this town with Newmarket. It cost about S6,obo, and the toll amounts annually to about ^700. revolutionarj' war In the town lost 23 of its inthis habitants. Success, an unsettled township in Coo^ county, incorporated in 1/73, and bounded N. by Cambridge, E. by the DisMaine, S. by Sheltrict of burne, and N. W. by Maynesborough, comprising 29,813 acr^s. In this town rises Norniarl^ungowatk river from a pond about 350 rods long and 2J5 wide, near the line of the state. Live river" also has its source in this town. Roxbury and Keene, and W. by Keene and Gilsum, comprising 12,212 acres. This town is watered by Ashuelot river, and has 2 religious societies, 1 meetinghouse, and a settled minister. There are here 2 saw-mills and 1 grain-mill. SuNCOOK River has the source of its northern branch in a pond, which forms part of the boundary between Oilmanton and Gilford, and passing through the easterly part of Gilmanton, it receives the two Suncook ponds and also Small's pond near the line of Alton." It thence enters Barnstead, where it passes through two ponds of its own name, and receives the waters of Half moon and Brindle ponds. Just below these ponds it rereives a branch from Barring- other ton, called Little Sugar River flows from the Avest side of Sunapee lake^ and passing westerly into Newport, receiv^es several branches from the north, and thence entering Claremont, falls into Connecticut river five or six miles below Cornish bridge. It is in contemplation to unite this river with the Contoocook by a canal, (see Sunapee lake.) a tov/nship in Cheshire county, was incorporated in 178*7, and contains 516 inhabitants ; bounded N. by Gilsum and Stoddard, E. by Stoddard and Nelson, S. bv riv- part of Pittsfield. It thence flows through Pittsfield into Epsom where it receives an eastern branch from Suncook pond in Northwood. this junction miles through it flows Epsom From 8 or 10 and be- tween AUenstown and Pembroke, and empties its waters into Sullivan, Suncook and another from Wild goose pond in the northeast er, the below Merrimack 7 miles the near Concord southern extremity of Allenstown. There is a great variety of mills on this riv(See its er and branches. Pembroke.) �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. SuNAPEE Lake lies partly Wendell,(Cheshire county,) and pTartly in Fishersfield, (Hillsborough county.) It is •leven miles long and about one mile and a half wide. Its outlet is on its west side through in Sugar river. A canal has been contemplated to connect the Connecticut and Merrimack river,and this lake has been proposed as the reservoir, it being situated on the height of land between the two rivers. It now dis- charges its waters through Sugar river into the Connecticut. This would undoubtedly be the western course of the projected canal, but as to its eastern route there are differences of The most advantagopinion. eous course has been said to be through Herrick's cove and Small pond in its vicinity, and thence through Keazer's pond near the north meeting-house in Sutton, and thence through Steven's brook into Warner's river, which empties into the Merrimack. Surry, a township ii;i Ches- incorporated in 1769, and now containing 564 hire county, bounded N. by Alstead, E. by Gilsum, S. by Keene, and W. by Westmoreland and Waipolc, comprising inhabitants ; 7,917 acres. Ashuelotriver flows through this town, and is here between 80 and 100 feet wide. There is one pond in this town,which is near the summit of a mountain. Through Surrij the turn- 199 from Chester to Keene. Rev. B. Bailing, the first pike passes minister in this place, was setRev. P. Howe is the present minister. There is here one religious society and a meeting-house, 2 grainmills, 2 saw-mills» 1 clothingtled In 1788. mill, 1 tillery, carding-machine, 1 disand 2 trading stores. SuTTON,a township in Hillsborough county, was incorporated in 1784, and contains 1328 inhabitants bounded jST. by New-London, E. by Kearsarge Gore and Boscawen, S. by Warner and Bradford, and W. by Fishersfield, comprising 24,300 acres, 280 of which are water. Long pond in this town is 350 rods long and 80 wide. HazerCspond\% about 150 rods in diameter. A branch of Warner's river flows through ; town. Kearsarge mountain extends almost over the whole length of Sutton on its west side. Kearsarge bills are also in the same part of the town. On thtsse high lands and in the meadows at their feet are found this beds of excellent clay. Here are found quarries of st6nes remai-kable for their also shape and qualities. They are prepared with little labour for hearths, &c. The soil in this town presents the varieties of productiveness and sterility ; and,though the surface is diversified with :t continued succession of hills and vales, and is often rough all �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 200 mountainous, and excellent crops of wheat are raised here, as well as the other staple productions of the state. In 1798, a mineral resembling black lead was found in this town, and it has been ascertained to produce a durable and handsome slate col- and 100 rods wide. in The principal road passing through Siittcn is from Hop- kinton to Dartmouth college. The prevailing sect here are baptists, over whom Elder S. Ambrose was ordained ml 782. Elder Taylor is also settled in There are here 2 meeting-houses, 3 grain-mills, 2 saw-mills, 2 clothing-mills, 1 carding-machine, and 3 trading stores. The annual average number of deaths in this town for the last 10 years has been 12. Two persons lately died here, one over 99, and the other overlOO years of age. this town. its sm;vll villages, a cotton factory, distillery, our. carding-machine, 4 grain-mills, 12 saw-mills, Rev. T. Harrington was the minister of this town. He has been succeeded by Rev. Messrs. Carpenter and Goddard. Elder Cutler is the only minister here at present. first Swift River has its source among the mountains in the ungranted lands northwest of Whiteface mountain, and 6 or 8 miles from Sandwich. It takes an easterly course through Burton into Conway, where it empties into Saco river.. There' is another small river of the riv- the head of the tide, which is in the compact settlement of the town ol Exeas er in Tamworth. the name of Exeter Indian is and 3 clothing-mills. same name SwAMscoT River Ashuelot passage through this town has a breadth of 6 or 8 rods. The branch turnpike crosses the northeast extremity of the town. There are here 3 religious societies, 2 meeting-houses, 2 river T. far as Tahiworth, a township in hire county, was incorporated in 1766, and contains 1134 inhabitants bounded N". by Burton, E. by Eaton, S.by Ossipee, and W. by Sindwich, in 1753, comprising 28,917 acres. ter. (See Exeter.) Strafford county, ; Sw ANzET,a township inCheswas incorporated and now containsl400 inhabitants bounded N. by Keene, E. by Marlborough and f itzwilliam, S. by Richmond, and W. by Winchester and ; Chesterfield : its area is 28,057 acres, 200 of which are water, Swanzey pond is 1 mile long Bear Camp river is the only considerable stream in this town. This has an easterly course into Ossipee pond. The rapidity of its current in times of freshets renders it almost useless for the purposes of �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRB. mills. is a Swift river in this town fine stream and affords A many 20! meeting-house, 4 grain-mills, 3 saw-mills, and 1 fulling-milf. valuable mill seats. nail factory and a carding-maConchine are erected on. it. Webster was ordained here in 1771, and Rev. Noah Miles, his successor, in way river falls into Bear Camp river near the centre of Tamfvorth. It has its source in Burton and passes through Conway pond. This is also a valuable stream for mills. few rods from the meet- 1779. A ing-house in this town, is a remarkable rock called ordination rock, it being memorable where Rev. S. Hidden was ordained Septem- as the place ber 12lh, 1-792. the Its summit was sufficiently large to accommodate the minister and the whole of the council. There is in Tamworth a large church and society under the pastoral charge of Mr. Hidden. There is also a free-will baptist soci- under Elder WebThere are in this town ety here ster. 9 school-houses. Temple, a township in Hills- ; comprising 13,700 acres. Several streams which fall into river, rise among the mountains in the westerly The prinpart of this town. road from Amherst to Peterborough passes through There is here 1 this town. cipal congregational society 26 and S. Thornton, a township in Grafton county, was incorporated in 1781, and now contains 794 inhabitants bounded N. and N. W. by Peeling, N. E. by Thornton's Gore, S. by Campton, and W. by Ells; worth. Its area including Thornton^s Gore is 28,490 a- This Gore is bounded E. by ungranted lands, and N. cres. W. by Lincoln. set river flows Pemigewasthrough this town from north to south. The^ main road from Lancaster to Plymouth passes throagh ThGrnton,, There are here 2 religious societies and 1 meeting-house, in which Rev. E. Esterbrook was the first ordained minister. j.G. borough county, was incorporated in 1768, and contains 941 bounded N. by inhabitants Greenfield, E. by Lyndeborough and Wilton, S. by NewIpswich and Mason, and W. by Sharon and Peterborough, Sowhegan Rev. 1 TuFTONBOROUGH, a town- county, was incorporated in 1795, and now contains709inhabitants; boundship in Strafford ed N. W. by Moultonborough,, N. E. by Ossipee, S. E. by Wolfeborough, and S. W. by Winnipiseogeelake,comprising 24,390 acres. Beach pond is on the line of this town, about 250 rods long and 100 wide. Hale pond ^nd Linious pond are also in town the latter ter Harbour bay. *. Near ity is near this Win- the southwest extremof this town, Melvin's riv- �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 1202 passing from Moultonborough, falls into the Winnipiseogee pond. There is here a baptist, methodist, and congreThere are 2 gational society. saw-mills and 2 grist-mills in er, this place. U. Umbagog Lake. The upper part of this lake is in the District of Maine, and only a small part is in this state,inthe towns of Errol and Cambridge. On the eastern line of NewHampshire it is 2700 rods It extends into Errol long. about 300 rods, and about the same distance AFrom into northeast to southwest whole length •"its Cambridge. about 20 is In some places miles. it is 10 miles wide, and in others Its not more than 100 rods. outlet is on its westerly side in the town of Errol, and its waters flow into Margallaway river. Unity, a township in Ches- hire county, was incorporated and in 1810,it contain- in 1764, bounded ed 1044 inhabitants N.by Claremont and Newport, E. by Goshen, S» by Lempsier and Acworth, and W. by Charleston, comprising 24,446 The line which sepaacres. rates this town from Acworth, crosses Cold pond^ leaving about 150 acres of it in Unity. Perry's mountain lies in the southwest part of the tcwn. Little Sugar river rises near this mountain, and a branch of ; Sugar river in the easterly part of the town. The 2d N. H. turnpike passes through this place to Claremont, and also a very direct road from Goshen to Charleston. There is here a society of baptists and another ofmethodists ; each of them has a meeting-house. There are in this town 2 grain-mills, 5 saw-mills, 1 clothing-mill, and 1 distillery. W. Wakefield, a township ia Strafford county, lying on the eastern border of the state. It was incorporated now in 1774, and contains 1166 inhabitants; bounded N. W. by Effingham and Ossipee, E.by the District of Maine, S. E'. by Milton, and W. by Brook field and Middleton. LoveWs pond is the largest in this town, and on its northeast side. It 700 rods long and 275 wide. lies is Province pond is about 450 rods long and 400 wide. Pir^/e River pond is about 100 rods long and 100 wide. There are several others of a smaller size. The principal branch of Piscataqua river has its source in this town, (see Salmon river.) The soil of this place is generally good, but it is more favourable for mowing and grazing than for tillage. There is here a baptist and a congregationalist society. Rev. Asa minister in the place, was ordained in 1785. There is here a meeting-house, a cotton factory, a carding-maPiper, the first �GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE chine, 5 grain-mills, mills, 3 fulling-mills, handsome village sawand a 3 containing several stores. LovelPs pond in this town derived its name from Capt. John Lovell of Dunstable, who, in the year 1725, being on a scouting expedition in this quarter, with a company of 40 men, attacked by night a party of Indians, whom they found encamped by the side of pond. Lovell and his a companions surprised the enemy, who were eleven in number, and by his dexterous movements destroyed the whole party. 203 bridge in this town at Bellows' falls and another about 375 rods above Bellows' ferry. turnpike from Charleston to Keene, and another from Walpole upper bridge to Ktene, pass through this town. Cold river falls into the Connecticut a little below Fall mountain. There is in this town only 1 A religious society and 1 meeting-house. The first settled minister here was the Rev. Leavitt, and the present pastor is the Rev. P. Dickerson. There are here 4 grist-mills, 6 saw-mills, 2 fulling-mills, 1 cotton factory, and 2 carding-machines. Robert Macklin, a remarkable instance of longevity, died in Wakefield in 1787, at the age of 115. He was born in Scotland, and lived several years in Portsmouth in the ocfie frecupation of a baker, quently walked from Ports- mouth to Boston (66 miles,) one day and returned in This journey he another. performed at the age of 80. in Walpole, a township in Cheshire county, was incorporated in 1752, and now con?tains 1894 inhabitants ; bounded N. by Langdon, E. by Alstead and Surry, S. by Westmoreland, and W. by the western bank of Connecticut river. Its area is 24,301 acres. In the northwest part of the town is Fall mountairiy extending from Charleston about 550 rods to Bellows' falls, and about 250 rods beyond. There is a Warner, a township in Hillsborough county, was incorporated in 1774, and inlSlO, contained 1838 inhabitants ; bounded N. W. by Sutton, Kearsarge Gore, and Salisbury, N. E. by Boscawen, S. E. .by Hopkinton and Henniker, and S. W. by Bradford and Sutton, comprising an area of 27,571 acres. This town was formerly calAlmsbury and Warner river ^ which passes through it led ; was called Almsbury river. This river is the central branch of the Contoocook, and a large number of streams fall into it as it passes through this town and through a part of Bosca- wen into Hopkinton. There are here 3 religious societies and 2 meeting-houses. Rev. W^illiam Kelly was ordained in this town in 1772, and died in 1813. The present �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 9P4 ministers aretbeRev. J.Woods and Elder E. Wilmarth. There are in this phice 7 grain-mills, 11 saw-mills, 2 clothing-mills, 2 carding-machines, and 5 No stores. town in the state has better grazing land than Warner. comprising an area of 30,760 acres, 1,550 of whirh are water. There are here no less than 20 ponds. Through the centre of this town, a ridge of mountains extends from N. to S. on the summit of which a branch of the Contoocook has its source. branch of the Ashuelot rises in a pond in the N.part of the town nea.r Sunapee mountain. The Croydon and 2d N. H. turnpikes meet near the meeting-house in this place. Washington was formerly called Campden. There are here ster, A Location, Warner's in Coos county, is bounded N. by ungranted lands and Mount Royse, E. by the District of Maine, and S. by Chatham and it contains ungranted lands stream which 2000 acres. empties into Cold River pond passes over the easterly side : A of this location. Warren, in Grafton county, was incorporated in 1763, and inhabitants 506 contains bounded N. by Coventry, E. by Peeling and Ellsworth, S. by Wentworth, and W. by ; Piermont, comprising an area of 27,720 acres. The westerly branch ot Biker's river flows through Warren from Moosehillock mountain, and a large part of Carres mountain lies in the eastern part of the town, and over its southeast extremity the There Coos turnpike here 3 saw-mills, is 1 passes. grain-mill and 3 religious Leslie was settled here in 1779, and Rev. C. Page is the present pastor. There are in Washington 2 grain-mills, 3 saw-mills, 1 clothing-mill, 1 carding-machine, 2 distilleries, 2 oil-mills, and 3 trading stores. Wearz, a township in Hillsborough county, was incorpolated in 1764, and now contains 2630 inhabitants ; bounded N. bj' Hopkinton and Henniker, E. by Dunbarton and Goffstown, S. by New-Boston, and W. by Deering and Francestown, comprising an area of 33,648 acres. A Washington, Cheshire incorporated in in county, was 1776, and contains 820 inhabitants ; bounded N. by Go- shen, E. by Bradford and Hillsl^orough, S. by Stoddard, and and 1 Rev. George societies meeting-house. W. by Marlow and Lemp*- principal branch of Piscataquog river passes through Near the centre of this town. Weare is Mount William. Rev. Amos Wood was ordained here in 1789, and was succeeded by Rev. John Cayford. Elders H. Buzzel and S. To- �CAZETTHER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. and S. Streeter (an universalist) at present officiate in this town. There are here 5 religious societies and 3 meeting-houses, 7 grain-mills, 8 saw-mills, 3 hie (pabtists,) clothing-mills, 1 cotton-facto- tist, was the first 2QS settled minis- ter in this town. Wentworth, in Grafton county, was incorporated in 1766, and contains 645 inhabit- bounded N. E. by Warby Rumney, S. W. by Dorchester,- and N. W. by ants ; ry, 4 carding-machines, 2 distilleries, 1 oil-mill, and 5 trad- ren, S. E. ing stores. Orford, comprising an area of 22,522 acres. The north and south branches of Baker's river unite in this town, and Pond brook, flowing from a small pond on the line of Orford, falls into the northern branch. In the N. E. part of the town is a part of Carres mountain. At Aiktn's bridge, which is thrown over the north branch of Baker's river there is a small vilkge, containing 10 or 12 houses. Sec. There is in this Wendell, a township in Cheshire county, formerly called Saville, was incorporated in 1781, and contains 447 inIt is bounded N. habitants. by Springfield, E. by Sunapee lake, which separates it from New-London and Fishersfield in Hillsborough county, S. by Goshen, and W. by Croydon and Newport, comprising 15, 666 acres, 2,860 of which are water. About 2,720 acres of Sunapee pond are in this town, and form a noble sheet of wa- Here is the principal Fr»m source of Sugar rwer. ter. , the southern extremity of the pond in Fishersfield to the N. W. point of the north bay the This is distance is 7 miles. the length of the pond from N. There are three small to S. ponds here containing 140 aThe outlet of Sunapee eres. pond IS little more than 2 miles south of the centre of the town. The whole pond contains 4,095 acres. Sugar river flowing from it has a westerly course into Newport. There are in Wendell 3 corn-mills, 4 saw-mills, and Elder N. clothing mill. Woodward, a bap1 town 1 mills, mttrt'ng-house, 4 gr:nn5 saw-mills, 1 fulling- mill, a carding-machine, and a distillery. West River Mountain. (See Chesterfield.) Westmoreland lies on Connecticut river in the north part of Cheshire county. It was incorporated in 1752, and contains 1,937 inhabitants bounded N. by Walpole, E. by Surry and Keene, S. by Chesterfield, and W. by Connecticut river, which separates it from Putney in Vermont. Its area is 22,446 acres. There are here 5 religious societies and 3 meeting-houses, 2 of them for baptists and the oth- �GAZETTEKU OF NEW-IIAMPSIIIKE. 206 erfor congregationalists. Rev. W. Goddard was The the first minister of the place. Elders Bailey and Pratt have betn his successors, '^oth oi whom still officiate. Tiicre is in this town a pleasant village, 5 grainmills, 6 saw-mills, 2 clothingmills, an oil-mill, 2 distilleries, and 4 trading stores. Wheelwright's Pond the the N. part of is in Lee and forms source of Oyster river. This pond is memovable for fought the battle which was near it in 1690, between a scouting party of Indians and two companies oi rangers under Capts. Floyd and Wiswall, the engagement lasted 2 hours. Wiswall, his lieutenant, sergeant, and 12 men were killed and several were wounded. Floyd continued the fight, till his men, wearied and wounded, drew off and forced him to The enemy follow. treated, the also re- Avithout carrying wounded of our off party. Whitefield, an irregular part of Coos county, containing by the inhabitants; last census 51 township in the S. bounded N. W. by W. Dalton and Lancaster, E. by Jefferson, S. by Bretton Woods, and S. W. by Bethlehem in Grafton county, comprising 20,800 acres. part of Round pond and several others lie in this town, from each of which John's river re- A ceives a tributary stream as it Dalton. The main road from Plymouth to Lan- passes to caster passes over the west part of the town. From the N.W. extremity of Whitefield to Connecticut river the distance is about 4 miles. White Mountains. These mountains were first explored by Walter Neal and some others 1631, in who described them as a ridge extending a hundred leagues, on which snow lay the whole year. They visited them with the hope of finding precious stones, and having picked up something like crystal, this was sufficient to give the ridge the name of Crystal hills. Belknap, Dr. (the historian of New-Hamp- shire) describes these tains in the following mounmanner; The White mountaimt are the most elevated part of a ridge, which extends N.E. and S.W. an immense distance. The area of their base is an irregular figure, the whole circuit of which is not less than 60 miles. The number of summits within this area cannot be ascertained at present, the country thick ai-ound them being a wilderness the greatest number can be seen at once from Jefferson on the N. W. side. ; Here seven summits appear at view, of which four are one bald. Of these, the est are the three high- most distant, being on the eastern side of the cluster, one of these is the moun- which makes so majestic an appearance all along the shore of the eastern counties It has lateof Massachusetts. tain, �207 GAZETTEER OF NBW-HAMPSHIRE. iy received the name of Having Mount surmounted the Washington, To arrive at the foot of the mountain there is a continual ascent of 12 miles from the plain of Pigwacket, upper and steepest which brings the traveller to moss and bearing the appear- the height of land between the ance of a pasture in the beginIn some openning of winter. Saco and Amcriscoggin At rivers. this height, there is a level, about a mile square, part of which is now a meadow and was formerly a beaver pond, having a dam at each end. .Here,, though elevated more than 3000 feet above the level of the sea, the traveller finds On himself in a deep valley. the east is a steep mountain out of which issues several springs of clear water, one of which is the source of Ellis river, (a southern branch of the Saco) another is the fountain of Peabody river (a northAmcriscog- ern branch of the gin.) From this meadow ward the west there interrupted ascent in between two to- an una ridge is gullies, to the summit of Mount Washington* The eastern side of the mountain rises in an angle of 45 degrees, and requires 6 or 7" hours of hard labour to ascend Many of the precipices are so bald, as to oblige the traveller to use his hands as it. well as his feet, and to hold by the trees, Avhich diminish in size till they are mere shrubs and bushes ; above these are low vines bearing red and blue The uppermost vegberries. etation is a species of winter grass, mixed with the moss of rocks. there is plain. precipice, a large area called the dry heath, com- It is a posed of rocks covered with ings between the rocks, there are springs of water, in others dry gravel. Here the grous or heath birds resort and are The generally out of danger. Sugar-loaf which stands on apyramidnlheap of grey rocks, which in some plac- this plainis formed like winding This pinnacle has been ascended in an hour and a half. The traveller having gained the summit, is recompensed for his toil, if the sky be serene with a most noble and exes are steps. tensive prospect. E. side, there is a On the S. view of the Atlantic ocean, the nearest part of which is 65 miles disOn the tant on a direct line. W. and N. the prospect is bounded by the high lands, which separate the waters of the Ameriscoggin and Connecticut rivers from those of Lake Champlain and the St. Lawrence. On the S. it extends to the southernmost moun" tains of New-Hampshire, comprehending a view of Lake Winnipiseogee. On every side of these mountains, are long winding gullies, beginning at the precipices below the plain, and deepening in the descent. In the winter the snow lodges in these gullies and being driven by the N.W.^nd N.E. winds from �GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSmRE. 208 the top, is deepest in those on It is obthe southerly side. served to lie longer in the spring on the S. than on the N. W. side. During nine or ten months, these mountains exhibit more or less of that bright appearance, which gives them the apIn the pellation of -white. spring, when the snow is partly dissolved, they have a pale blue complexion, approaching a sky colour, while at the distance of eight miles, they have the proper colour of rocks. These changes are observed only by constant people, who live in view of them, and and observabe concluded, that the whiteness of them is wholly caused by the snow. In the western pass of these a remarkable mountains is from these tions, it facts may pass called the notch^ the narrowest part of which is but 22 feet wide, between two perpendicular rocks. From the height above, a brook descends and meanders when two hunters passed through it. It is now part of a road to Coos and Canada. This gap lies from Portsmouth N. 20° W. 90 miles on a direct line, and from Concord 4° E. 70 miles. These mountains are in lat15' N. ; and the line itude 44 of perpetual congelation in that latitude, as deduced from observations made in Europe, is 7,872 feet above the level of <> the sea. From the greater coldness of American latitudes, this point in them must short of the above estimate. altitude therefore of the White mountains cannot be supposed more than 7,800 feet above the 1< vel of the sea. These mountains are surroundfall The ed by settled towns, except about 8 miles on the east side between Adams and Shelburne. Mount Washington is 82 miles on a direct line from Ports- mouth N. 17° W. and from Portland N. 55° W. and from Boston 120 miles N. 3° W. The following additional through a meadow, which was formerly a beaver pond. It is surrounded by rocks, which on one side are perpendicular and on the other rise in an angle of 45 degrees, forming a strik- particulars are extracted It is ingly picturesque scene. about 40 rods through this gap and tht;n the land resumes its level appearance. from tific This defile was known to the Indians, who formerly led their captives through it to Canada, but it was forgotten or neglected till the year X77\^ account published in the Medical Journal, by a party of gentlemen from Boston, who an visited these mountains injuly, 1816, for the purpose of scienobservation. " In the United States, exclusive, or possibly inclusive, of Louisiana, the highest point or ridge of land is undoubtedly that of the White mountains in New-Hampshire. From the earliest settlement of the country these mountains have at- �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. tracted the notice of the inhab- and of mariners along the coast, by the distance at which they are visible, and the whiteness of their appearance during three quarters of the year. They were for a long itants, time the subject of fabulous representations the Indians had a superstitious dread of them, ; and travellers who occasionalascended their summits, re- ly turned with exaggerated reports of the difficulty and distance, as well as of the strange productions found on the more elevated parts of their surface. " The earliest account of an ascent of the White mountains is given in Gov. Winthrop's Journal, and appears to have taken place in the year 1642. This account is somewhat curious, if not otherwise, at least for its antiquity.* *"One Darby Field, an Irishman, living about Piscat, being' accompanied with two Indians, went lo the top of the White Hill. He made his journey in eighteen days. His relation at it was about 160 miles from Saco, that after 40 miles travel, he did for the most part ascend ; and within 12 miles of the top, was neither tree nor grass, but low savins, which they went upon the top of sometimes, but a continual ascent upon rocks, on a ridge between two vallies filled With snow, out of which came two branches of the Saco river, whicli met at the foot of the hill where was an Indian town of some 200 people. Some of them accompanied him within 8 miles of the top, but durst go no further, telling him that no Indian ever dared to go higher, and that he would die if he went. So they staid there till his return, and his two Indians his return was, that took courage by his example and went with him. They went divefs times 27 209 " Within the last 40 years White mountains have been repeatedly ascended by different exploring parties, and the several accounts of their pro- ductions and phenomena have been published. The object of this paper is to detail such observations as were made by a party from Boston, who visitthrough the thick clouds for a good space, and within 4 miles of the top, they had no clouds but very cold. By the way among the rocks, there were two ponds, one a blackish water, and the other reddish. The top of all was plain, about 60 feet square. On the north side was such aprecipice as they could scarcely discern 'he bottom. They had neither cloud nor wind on the top, and moderate iieat. All the country about him seemed a level, except here and there a hill rising above the rest, and far beneath them. He saw to the north, a great water wliich he ju(dged to be 100 miles broad, but could see no land beyond it. The sea by Saco seemed as if it hud been within 20 miles. He saw also a sea to the eastward whicli he judg'ed to be tlie gulph of Canada he saw some great waters in parts to the westward,which he judged to be'tlie great lake Canada He found there river comes out of. much Muscovy glass, they could rive out pieces 40 feet long, and 7 or 8 When hje came back to the broad. Indians, he found them drying themselves by the fire, for they had a great tempest of wind and rain. About a month after, he went again with five or six of his company, then they had some wind on the top, and some clouds above tliem, which hid the sun. They brought some stones which they supposed had been diamonds, but they were most ; chrystal." Winthrop''s Journal, p. 247" The relation of Darby Field, may be considered as in the main cor>ect, reasonable deductions after making for the distance, the length of the Muscovy glass, and the quantity' of water in view, which it may be suspected has not been seen by any visitoi" since his time." �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 210 ed them the beginning in of " Thtse mountains are situated in lat. aliout 44° 15' N.and long. 71° 20' W. from Greenwich. They are distant about 150 miles from Boston. Their Indian name according to Dr. B; Iknap, w*s Agiocochook. " Our approach to them was made from ihe northwest, com- mencing at the town of Lan- caster, a village situated on the Connecticut river,25miles from their From base. this town a road has been cut, passing through a gap of the mountains to Portland, and constituting the principal outlet of the Coos country. This road takes the course of the Israel's river, a Connenicur, branch of the Pliny the passing between mountains on the left and the Pondcherry mountain on the right. Tne village of Lancas- situated in a valley surrounded in several directions by very elevated ridges of land. ter is A number of the summits in sight of this place could not be estimated at less than 3000 height, judging from the experience we had acquired of several hills of known altitude on the road, and the accounts given by the inhabitfeet in ants of the time necessary for their ascent and descent. ** The road from Lancaster passes through J-.fF rson, (for- Dartmouth) Bretton Woods, and Nash and Saw- merly yer's locations, to the notch of T'lis road in the mountains. course runs over the foot of Its the lies July, 1816. Pondcherry mountain. It for most of the way through thick woods but rarely enlivened with the appearance of cultivation. At Playstead's house, 13 miles Jrom their base we had a fair view of the White Hills. They presented the appearance of a continued waving range of summits, of which it was to select the highest. difficult At Rose- brooks, 4i miles from the notch, the view of them was very distinct and satisfactory. could now clearly discern the character of the summits, five or six of which were entirely bald and presented the appearance of a grey and ragged mass of stones towering above the woods, with which the sides and base were clothed. In several places we observed a broad continued stripe descending the mountain and having the appearance of a regular road cut through the trees and rocks from near the base to the summit of the mountain. On examining these with a telescope they were found to be channels of streams, and in several, the water could be seen dashing down the rocks. We " Between Rosebrooks and the notch is a plain, or rather a swamp, the waters of which pass off in different directions, partly to the Amonoosuck, a branch of the Connecticut, and partly by an opposite course After cl-ossing to the Saco. several brooks running towards the former, we came to another stream, the water of �GAZETTEEtt OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE, which was so sluggish that it required some time to become satisfied that it was actually flowing in the opposite direction. This stream has its origin in a pond of one or two acres, situated near the road, and hiving no other inlet or outlet. This pond appears to be the prinrcipal source of the Saco river. " The waters of this stream being collected from several sources proceed directly toward the side of the mountain. At the point where to al) ap- pearance they must be intercepted in their courst-, there occurs one of the most extraordinar)' features of the pb'.ce, well known by the name of the notch. The whole mountain, which otherwise forms a continued range, is here cloven down quite to its base, afford- ing a free opening to the vv>^ters of the S ico, which pass off with a gradual descent toward the sea. This gup is so narrow that space has with difficulty been obtained for the road, which follows the course of the Saco through the Hoich In one place the eastward. river disappears, being lost in the caves and crevices of the rocks, and under the shelves of the adjoining precipice, at length reappearing at the distance of some rods below. The notch gradually widens into a long narrow valley, in the lower part of which is situated the town of Bartlett. "There is no part of the mountain more calculated to excite 211 and wonder than the scenery of this natural gap. The crags and precipices on both sides rise at an angle of great steepness, forming a support or basement for the lofty and irregultr ridges above. One of the most picturesque interest objects in our view was a ciiff presenting a perpendicular face of great height and crowned at its inaccessible summit with a profusion of floweringshrubs.* For mnny miles below the commenrement of the notch the eye meets on both sides a succession of steep and precipitous mountains, rising to the height of some thousands of feet, and utterly inaccessii)le from the valley below. The sid( s of these mountains conin some parts of bald rock, streaked or variegated by the trickling of water, in others they are covered with trees and shrubs. The occasional torrents formed by the freshets in the spring have in many places swept away the stones and trees from their course, for a great distance, and left the vestiges of their way in a wide path or gully over naked rocks. " In some instances the fire had run over the sides of the mountain, destroying the vegetation and leaving- the dead trunks of the trees standing like stubble in a field, and presenting a singular appearance of desolation for some miles in sist * Rhodora Canadensis, Tune 20th. in full flower �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIJIE. *2V2 Several brooks, the of the Saco, fall down the abrupt declivities, forming a succession of beautiful cascades in sight of the road. were told that the wind sweep-b through the notch with great violence. ttt times The lightning is said to strike frequently in the mountains from the clouds about their sides, and the sound of the thunder in this place is represented as unusually loud and severe. The report of a musket discharged in the notch, was followed by a long echo, reverberated for some time from both sides of the mounextent. tributaries We tain. " The White Hills have been ascended by from various routes, their different sides. The course which is usually considered as attended with the least difficulties, commences is that which at the plain of Pigwacket, at present the town of Conway,and follows the course of Ellis river, a northern branch of the Saco, having its origin high in the mountain. " The place of leaving the road, to follow the track of this stream is in the town of Adams about 20 miles from the summit of the highest part pf the mountain. Of this distance seven or eight miles ma)' be rode over on horseback, the rest must be performed on foot. After leaving the borders of cultivation, our course lay through thick woods, on a level or with a gentle ascent, not much encumbered with an under growth of bushes, for six miles. The walking was tolerably good, except the cir- cumstance of being obliged once or twice to ford the streams. Our encampment for the night, was made at the mouth of New river, a principal branch of the Ellis. This river takes its name from the recency of happened its origin, which October, 1775. At this time, during a great flood, that took place in consequence of heavy rains, a large body of waters, which had formerly descended by other channels, found their way over the eastern brink of the mountains, and ftll down toward the Ellis, carrying the rocks and trees before them in their course, and inundating in the adjacent country. freshet the banks By this of the Saco were overflowed, cattle were drowned, and fields of corn were swept away and destroyed. New Since that period, the river has remained a con- and at the place descends the last precipice, forms a splendid cascade of 100 feet in height. " From this encampment, stant stream, where it which was -seven miles from of the mountain, >ve proceeded- the next day, (July 2,) two or three miles by the side of Ellis river, on a gradthe top ual ascent, occasionally encumbered by the trunks of fallen trees. now left the Ellis, for one of its principal branches, called Cutler's river, lead- We ing directly towards the princi- �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAM PSHmE. summit. After climbing by the side of this stream for pal a considerable trees of the distance, forest the around us began to diminish in height, and we found ourselves at the second zone or region of the This region is enmoutitain. tirely covered with a thick low growth of evergrecHS, principally the black spruce, and silver fir, which risf to about the height of a man's head, and put out numerous, strong, horizontal branches, which are closely interwoven with other, and surround the each moun- tain with a formidable hedge a quarter of a mile in thickness. This zone of evergreens, has always constituted one of the most serious difficulties in the White Hills. The passage through them is now ascent of the much facilitated by a path cut by the direction of Col. Gibbs, who ascended the mountain some years since. *'On emerging from this thicket, the barometer stood at 25, 93, giving our elevation above the sea, at 4,443 feet. were now above all woods, and at the foot of what is called the bald part of the mountain. It rose before us with a steepness surpassing that of any We 213 half a mile, which must be performed by cautiously stepping from one rock to another, as they present themselves like irregular stairs, winding on the broken surface of the moi^n- In the interstices of these rocks were occasional patches of dwarfish fir and spruce, and beautiful tufts of small alpine shrubs, then in full flower. tain. " Having surmounted this we found ourselves on This like the a second plain. first, was covered with withered grass, and a few tufts of height flowers. Its continuity is in- by several declivities, one of which we descended to our left, to reach a brook that crosses it here, from the There remained rocks above. now to be ascended only the terrupted principal peak, the one desig- nated in Winthrop's Journal, the name of the Sugar-loaj\ and in Belknap's New-Hampshire, by the name of Mount Waskington. This we accomplished in half an hour, by climbing the ridge to the north of it, and walking on this ridge by quarter of a mile, summit. " If the traveller could be transported at once to the top of this mountain, from the country below, he would no doubt be astonished and delighted at the magnitude of his elevation, at the extent and variety of the surrounding sceaery, and above all, by the huge and desolate pile of rocks, ex- and began to climb upon the There was here a conside. tinued and laborious asceBt of tending to a great distance in every direction beneath him, and appearing to insulate him ground we had passed, and presented to view a huge, dreary irregular pile of dark naked rocks. "We crossed a plain or gentle slope, of a to the �214 GAZETTEKR OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. the rest of the world. But the length and fatigue of the approach, the time occupied in the ascent, the gradual manner in which the prospect has been unfolding itself, are circumstances which leave less novelty to be enjoyed at the summit, than at first view of the subject, would be expected. "The day of our visit was uncommonly fine, yet the atmosphere was hazy, and our view of remote objects, was very indistinct. The Moosehillock, one of the highest mountains of New-Hampshire, situated in Coventry, near the Connecticut, was visible on the south. The Kearsarge, Double-headed mountains, and several othfroiti ers east. were in full view at the The coimtry around in almost every direction, is uneven and mountainous. Its appearance is described by Josselyn, in his *' Rarities of New-England," published in 1672, wlio says that the country beyond the mountains to the northward, " is daunting terrible, being full of rocky mole hills in a and clothed with inthick woods."* hills, as thick as meadow finite ; * " Messrs. J. W. and F. Boott, who have Visited the mriuntains since, and found the atmosphere very clear on the suinmit at half past 7 A. M. have favoured me with the following- bear- " Our anticipations were not realized, in regard to several we had been taught to expect at the summit. The state of the air was mild and temperate, so that the over coats which we carried up in expectation of extreme cold, were left at the foot of the last ascent. The thermometer stood phenomena, at 57, F;ihr. on the summit 12 o'clock, and on day at same the Conway, 25 miles dison the plain below, it was at tant, The snow lay in patchof an acre in extent upon the sides, but appeared to be rapidly dissolving. were not conscious of any material alteration in the density of the atmosphere, as neither sound nor respiration were perceptibly impeded. Instead of an absence from these barrt*n regions, of animal and vegetable life ; we found a multitude of insects, buzzing around the highest rocks ; every stone was at 80. es We covered with lichens, and some plants were in flower in crevices, within a few feet the summit. " the of The ascent from our enat the mouth of New river, including stops, had employed us six hours and campment — 6. S. long hill having an eminence at each extremit}-, Vermont, W. by S. a little S Sebago luke S.E. ^ E' McMillans Tnn.Conway, The second highest S. by E. ^ E. summit of the White hills N.N.E.byE. This summit is separated from the one called Mount Washington, by a gulph opening eastwardly. It is very lofty, falling but little below a horizontal line obtained by a level on the former aaid by the guide to be the highest in place. ings of objects in sight. The sea, supposed near Portland S.E. by E. Lake Winnipseogee W.— A — — �«AZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE. The a half. summit descent from the same to the place, oc- We cupied about five hours. on the mountain our names left and the date, inclosed in a and cemented to the bottle, highest rock.* " Height of the White Moun- The tains. great distance at which these mountains are visible, and the apparent length of their ascent, have led to estimates of their height considerexctedihg the probable The Rev. Dr. Cutler, truth. who twice visited them, and observabarometrical took tions computes the height in round numbers, at 10,000 feet above the level of the sea. Dr. Belknap, in his history of New-Hampshire, i? persuaded, that this computation is too Kioderate, and that subsequent ably calculations will mtke the height even greater. Mr. Bowditch has published in the transactions of the American Academy, a logarithmic calculation founded on the barom- observed by Dr. Cutand Professor Peck, in 1804, which gives them an el- eter, as ler evation of 7,055. " Capt. Partridge, an engineer in the United States' serv* Parce, viator, ciiifuhnina parcent. Hoc fragile monumentum Lemuel Shaw, Nathaniel Tucker, Jacob Bigelow, Franciscus C. Gray, Franciscus Boott, Bostonieiises Die Julii 2do. A. D. 1816, Monte Agiocochook »uperat», hie reli^ueri^it. ice, visited the 21§ mountain some years since, and took barometrical observations on several of the principal peaks. His observations now in possession of Professor Farrar at the University, give to the highest summit an elevation of only 6103 feet. " A mountain barometer, of Engleficld's construction, carried by Mr. Gray of our party, stood on the summit at noon at 24, 23 ; the accompanying thermometer being at 57. At the same day at Cambridge, the barometer stood at 29, 95, and the thermometer at 76. This diffv-^rence of the barome- making the necessary corrections for temperature, and variation in the surface of the cistern, would give, according to Sir H. C. Englefield's formula, a difference of 6230 feet in the altitude of the two places. logarithmic calculation was made, from ter, afttr A same data, by Professor which resulted in a diffrrence of 6194 feet. This number being added to 3 1 feet, the height of Cambridge above the sea, will give 6225 feet, which may be assumed as the prob<ible height of the White the F.irrar, Hills, above the waters of the ocean. " In favour of the correctness of the observations on which computation is founded, "it be observed, that the barometer employed was of the this may most approved and modern guarded a- canstrMction,, being �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 216 gainst accidents with an express view to its use in expeditions of this sort j that it went and returned without injury ; and at the end of the journey agreed with other instruments at the University, precisely as it had done before its removal. " In confirmation of the present estimate, it may also be observed, that a geometrical ad- measurement, taken by Dr. Shattuck, and others from the plain in front of Rosebrook's house, gave to the summit an elevation of 4620 feet above This being added that place. to 1648,the barometrical height of Rosebrook's above the sea, will give a total of 43 differing only 6268 feet, from our feet estimate. *' W.Maclure,Esq. author of geological the map of the United States, informs me,that from two geometrical admeasurements made some years since on the eastern and western sides of the mountain, he arrived at results nearly similar." WiLT0H,a township in Hillsborough county, was incorporated in 1762,and contains 101 bounded N. by inhabitants ; Lyndeborough, E. by Milford, S. by Mason, and W.by Temple : TViis al er, its is 15,820 acres. watered by sever- area town is branches of Sowhegan rivwkich unite near its easter- which Rev. Livermore was ordained in 1763, and removed in 1777. Rev. A. Fisk was ordained in 1778, and Rev. T. Bedee, the present p.lstor, in 1803. There are here 4 grain- mills, 4 sawmills, 2 carding-machines, and gationalists, over J. 2 trading stores. WiLMOT, a township in Hillsborough county, was incorporated in 1807, and con298 inhabitants bounded by Springfield, N.E.by Danbury, New-Chester, and Andover, S. E. by Kearsarge Gore, and S. W. by Sutton and tains N. ; W. New-London, comprising 14, 780 acres. This town was in 1807, set and off from New-London Kearsarge Gore. A branch of Blackwater river has its source in this town and flows through There are here several it. mills. Winchester lies in the S. \y. part of Cheshire county it was incorporated in 1753, and contains 1478 inhabitants; bounded N. by Chesterfield and Swanzey, E. by Swanzey and Richmond, S. by Warwick, (Mass.) and W. by Hinsdale, comprising 33,534 acres, 600 of which arc water. In Winchester is Humphreys'* pond^ 200 rods long and 80 Ashuelot river, in its wide. passage through this town, receives Roaring brook and sev- ly exiremity. eral other streams." There is here 1 meetinghouse and 1 society of congre- N. H. and The 6th the Ashuelot turn- pikes pass through Winchester. �GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. There are in this houses. was place 3 re- and 2 meeting- ligious societies M. Lawrence Rev. settled here in Rev. E. Conant 1764, and containing each 50 or 60 acres. turnpike crosses the northern extremity of the town. The 2d N. H. There in 1788. 4 grain-mills, 9 sawmills, 3 clothing-mills, 1 card- are here WiNNIPISEOGEE 1 and 2 distilleries, Windham, cotton factory, in stores. Rockingham county, was incorporated in 1741, and contains 742 inhabi- bounded N, by LondonNew-Salem, S. by Pelham,and W. by Nottingham West and Londonderry tants ; derry, E. by : One area is 15,744 acres. half of Policy p07id Vies in this town, and the other half in Salem ; it is 420 rods long and its 140 wide ; Cabbo pond 600 rods long and 100 wide H'lteMitchells litey Golden^ and ponds anxl other smaller ones Beaver rivare in this town. er forms the western boundary The Londonof Windham. derry turnpike crosses the eastern extremity of the town. There is here 1 meeting-house, in which the Rev. Johnson was ordained in 1760. Rev. J. Kinkeed, S. Williams, and the present minister Rev. S. Harris, have succeeded him. ; There are in this place several mills and stores. in Hillsborough 13 largest Its breadth is very une- qual, but in no place more than 8 miles. Some very long points of land project into this lake, and jt contains several islands. The surrounding mountains give rise to many streams which flow into it. From the S. E. extremity of this lake called Merry -Meeting bay^ to its N. W. point called Centreharbor, there is good navigation in the summer and a good road in the winter, which is much travelled by the people of the adjacent towns. The lake is froz- en about 3 months in the year. Trout are caught here weighing from 5 to 25 lb. Cusk are also caught here. The waters of this lake are about 470 feet higher than the tide waters of Dover river. WiNNIPISEOGEE RiVER is the stream through which the waters of the above lake flow into sues arm Windsor, LaKE body of water in New-Hampshire, being 22 miles in length from S.E. toN. the W. ing-machine, 2 2ir Merrimack river. It is- from the southwestern of the lake at a place which remarkable for the fish caught there. It then opens into Long bay between Meredith and Gilford, thence through a lesser bay to is coimty, contains number of are here several small ponds, Meredith bridge, thence between Gilmanton and Sanborn- 238 inhabitants, and is bounded W. by Cheshire county, N. by Hillsborough, and S. by Antrim, comprising S^^\i5 acres. There �GAZETTEER OP NEW-HAMPSHlRK. 218 ton into Sanbornton bay, which is about 7 miles long and 3 wide. This river dividtrs Sanbornton from Giimanton, and flows between Sanborn ion and North- Pcmigewasset river, The whole distance from the lake to this junction with the PemigewasIt is in set river is 20 miles. field to (which see.) contemplation to cut a from the lake to canal Merrimack, the waters of the lake being about232 feet higher than those of the Merrimack, and about 438 feet higher than those of Charles river, where the Middlesex canal empties into it. It cannot be doubted that these would canals benefit the sur- rounding country by facilitat- ing the transportation of its productions and enhancing the value of its lands. WiNNicoNETT (commonly called Winnkot) a large swamp river, rises in in Hampton, and after a northerly course through a part of Stratham into Greenland, it meets the tidewaters about 200 feet from the Great bay. by Ossipee, S.E. by Brookfield and Ntw-Durham, and S. W. by Alton and lake Winnipiseogee, containing 28,600 acres, 400 of which are water. Smith'* pond^ 1050 rods long and 556 wide, in the southeast part of the town, discharges its waters westerly through Crooked river into the lake. There are here several other large ponds, viz. Crooked^ RusVs^ EastorCs^ and Sargeant's ponds. At a Smithes bridge place called there is a smxU village containing several mills, stores, &",. Rev. E. Allen, a congrega- tionalist, and Elder Townsend, a baptist, were the first ordained ministers in this town. They^ were both ordained on the 25th of October, 1792. Ehler Townsend There are is still in this in office. town 2 meet- ing-houses, 8 school-houses, 4 grain-mills, 4 saw-mills, X clothing-mill, and 1 cardingfamily of the a chine. name of Blake were the first m A who moved county, was incorporated in 1770, and in 1810, tontaint-d into this town. Mr. Blake and wife are still living. At the foot of a hill which stands on the bank of one of the pcmds in this town, there is a spring strongly impregnated with a mineral substance which said to give the water a is bounded N. 1376 inhabitants W. by Moultonborough, N.E. quality similar to those of the j.G.o. Saratoga springs. WoLFEBORO,UGH,inStrafford ; �PART III. Topographical and Statistical tables alphabetically ahrangkd shewing THE COUnSE AITD DISTAJfCE O^ A DIRECT LINE FROTI PoRTSMOCTH, CoNCOIlD, BoSTO]v, AND Portland. Also, the NtnMBER of miles bt TiiK hoads commonly THATEILED— NCMBER OF NeAT CaTTLE AND HORSKS TO WHICH 19 AKDED THE PROPORTION FOR TaXES IN 1775, AND 1812 NUMBER OF INHABITANTS IN 1775 Towns having a Post-Office number or miles to the city of Washington AND Topographical Remarks. ; — — ; ; TABLE Shewing the Course and Distance on a direct line from Portsalso, the number of milks by the roads commonly TRAVELLED ToWNB HAVING A PosT-OfFICE AND THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS I. mouth AND Concord ; ; iN 1775. Course and Dis ; �Course and Distance from Concord. Course and Distance from Portsmouth. Column i Concord Concord Conway Cornibh Coventry Croydon Dalton Danbury Deerfield Droving DixviUe Dorchester Dover Dublin Coos 121 N. 14 \V 160 Rocking. 40 N.72fW.| 45 Grafton 94 N. 52" W. 145 65 N. 13 W. 75 Strafford 80 N. 67 W. 105 Cheshire 85 N. 38 W. 120 Grafton 73 N. 67 W. 90 Cheshire 98 N. 25 W. 140 Coos 62 N. 58 W. 75 Grafton 25 N. 78 W. 30 Rocking. Hiilsboro' 53 N. 38 W. 70 12; N. 9 W. 180 "oos (5 raft on 75 N. 49 W. 92 Su-afiord 9 N. 41 W. 12 65 S. 82 n'. 80 f'shire . Dummer Dunbarton flillsboro' Dunstable do. Durand Coos Durham Strufford R,)ck'ng. East -Kingston Eaton Effingham Eli worth StraflTord do. Grafton Enfield do. Epping Rocking. Hp_£om Errol Exeter Farmington Fishersfield FhzvviUiam Francestown Franconia Gilford Gilmanton Gilsum GofFstown Goshen Gosport Grafton Greenfield Greenland Groton Hampstead Hampton Hampton Falls Hancock Hanover Haverhill Hawke Hebron Henniker Hillsborough Hinsdale Holderness Hollis Hopkinton jaflrey do. 107 41 N 11 V/. 150 N. 85 W. 42 S. 9l 9 16 N. 14 W. 50 64 130 W, 10 6<J N. 63 51 57 !n. 17 47 :N. 16 74. to 16 30 \\ W 22 W 70 W 53 N. 40 W 84 60 W 86 85 W 20 70 W. 32 6A W 180 :S. 113 Coos 11 5G W. Rocking. 26 N. 37 W. St rafford Hdlsboro' 63 N. 75 72 S. 75 W. Cheshire Hiilsboro' 52 S. 87 W. 85 N. 29 W. Grafton 45 ;N. 49 W. Strafford 40 JN. 50 W. do. 74 Cheshire W. ri.Usboro' 39 S. 87 W. 67 N. 75 W. Cheshire W 14 35 80 90 68 145 56 50 105 50 87 10* 8u 70 5^ 90 30 14 16 10 S. E. 67 N. 59 W. Hiilsboro' 54 S. 87 W. 4.1 Rocking. S. 56 70 N. 48 Grafton 24 S. 60 W. Rocking. lU S. 25 do. 12 S. 33^ W. do. Hillshoro' 60 S. 87 W. 77 80 N-. 56 W. 98 Grafton 90 N. 40 AV 102 do. 193 S. 65 W. 25 Rocking 6,' N. 85 Grafton 49 61 WiUsboro' 54 >f. 78 58 N. 8? 80 do. 80 S. SOW 120 Cheshire 60 N. 40 75 Grafton 58 Hiilsboro' 45 S. 64 60 46 NT. do. 65 S. 78 W.J 80 Cheshire RockmgGrafton W W W W W W W W 77W 107 4 N. E 68 9 W. 100 56 25 E. 76 34 64 60 57 14 70 34 62 W. 44 76 N. 3 W. 130 25 34 W. 30 15 64 E. 20 18 57 W. 25 110 8 E. 170 42 27 49 .)3 84 E., 40 34 52 W. 50 95 lO E. 140 9 20 W. 10 33 5 E. 42 77 9 E. 130 31 78 E. 34 34 52 E. 42 49 25 E 75 43 35 E. 60 45 12 W. 59 36 44 44 26 62 E. 32 !0 78 E, 12 104 12 E 170 34 60 E 43 25 68 E. 40 23 In 77 W. 40 43 Is. 46 W. 60 43 W. 28 3 W. 100 20 E. 30 80 E 2d 73 W. 60 18 S. 79 W. 42 70 E. 51 38^ W. 36 43 W. 40 69 E. 45 23 VV. 45 38 E. 39 60 E 51 57 E 50 56 W. 36 40 W. 55 19 W. 70 47 E. 33 40 19 16 78 30 78 62 W. 75 3 W, 45 40 5 7 78 36 S. 46 W-l 52 W W W I W , . . W W W W W �Course and Distance from Portsmouth. Town*. �Course and Distance from �TABLE 11. SaEVriHOTHZI^UWEBEROF MltES BY THE ROADS COWMOXLT TRATELLED, AND COURSE AND DISTANCE, ON A DtRECT LINE FROM BOSTON AND PORTLAND, TO THE CENTRE OF EACH Township in New-Hampshire. Also the distance to theCitt OF Washington bt the Roads,— And Topographical Remarks. — Course and Distance from Boston. Towns. Bearings. Counliej. W ~'. W 144 W 9o N W 68 N 50 W 95 N 5 W 98 N 39 W 48 N 24 W 86 N 43 W 75 N 7W Strafford 65 7 W 80 do. 50 N 1 E ll4 V 2 W Coos 18 W 150 Grafton 128 Hdlsboro' 43 N 30 W 50 128 V 11 w 180 Grafton 24 W 70 HiUsboro' N 37 W 58 do. 54 V23 W 68 Rocking N 37 W 80 HiUsboro' Rocking. 4u N 3 E 50 13UiN 7W 170 Coos Grafton 90JN 19 W 95 N Strafford 93 781 N 50 W 47 HiUsboro' Strafford 106jN 4 W 150 N 2J2 Coos Grafton 100|N 14 W 115 98!n 27 W 108 do. Rucking. 46:N 13 W 55 69 N 17 W 75 do. 96iN 13 W 1J5 Strafford 116'N E 57 Coos 87'N'47 W 105 Cheshire Acwortli N Cheshiie Adams Coos Grafton Rocking Alexandria AUenstown Alstead Alton Amherst Andover Antrim Atkmson Bariistead Harrington Bartlett V M 2 13 16 4ij NT 7i 14<J Bath Bedford Bethlehem Boscawen Boston, 118 88 53 Cheshire 78 72 Straff ird Hillsboro' 42 do. 79 do. 63 Rocking. 3l> New Bow Bradford Brentwood Bretton Woods Bridgewater Brookfield Brookline Burton Cambridge Campton Canaan Candia Canterbury Centreharbor Chatham Charleston Chester Chesterfield Chichester Claremont Colebrook Columbia N" 6' NT 5;. 7i' 38. 12-2 1 W 48 Rocking. 42|N 16 771 N 62 ^^ 90 Cheshire 85 Rocking. 60JN 15 IN 40 AV 100 90 Cheshire 168:N 5 i\5 Coos 164 N 5 212 do. W W W �Course and Distance frorn Boston. Concord Concord Rocking. 60 Grafton 128 Conway Strafford Cornish Coventry Croydon Cheshire Grafton Cheshire Dalton Coos Danbury Grafton Deerfield Deering Rocking-, Hilisboro' Dixville Coos Dorchester Grafton N 107 95 N 118 N 89 N 137 N 39 VV 18 36 10 \V 25 W W N U N 10 W 60 N 39 W 167 NlSiW 103 N 32 W 86 51 53 60 151 Dover StraiTbrd Dublin Cheshire Dummer Coos Dunbarton HiUsboro' 54 Dunstable N22\V X 15 W do. 135 Durand Coos Durham Epsoni Coos Exeter Rocking-. Strafford 10 53 E W NlSiW N 27' N 39W N 3 VV 49 Strafford 35 Rocking-. Strafford 100 do. 90 107 Grafton 95 do. 44 Rocking-. 57 do. Errol N N East-Kingston Eaton Effingham Ellsworth Enfield Epping Farming-ton Fishersfield HiUsboro FitzwiUiam Francestown Franconia Cheshire Gilford 158 40 66 76 Strafford do. HiUsboro 59 55 Greenhmd 124 80 73 73 Cheshire HiUsboro' 49 80 Cheshire Rocking. 45 81 Grift on HilLsboro' 55 44 Rfick.ng. Gi'oton Gri.l"ton Hamp.stead Rocking. Ilanipron 37 36 HiUsboro' 6G 10-i Grafton 122 do. Rocking. 36 95 Grufuni HiUsboro' 65 67 do. 77 Cheshire 94 Grafton HiUsboro' 35 d«. 63 Cheshire 57 !35!X Coos G ilmanton GiUum Goirstown G.'sr.en Gosport Graft on Giet-nfield Han.pton Falls Hancock Hanover Havt-rluU Hi-wke Hebron Henniker Hillsboiough Hinsdale Hoidern^ss Holhs Hopkinton Jaflrey JtSei'.soit Grafton 9 3 do. do. G \V �Course and Distance from Boston. Course and Distance from Portland. Counties. Keene Cheshire Kearsarge Gore HiUsboro 75 Rocking. 36 Goos 13 Rocking. 36 Coos 142 Grafton 12 Kensing-ton Kilkenny Kingston Lancaster LandafF Langdon Lebanon Lee Lempster Cheshire Grafton Strafford 71 N 56 N N N N N N V N Litchfield Littl(-ton Londonderry 9 5 2 7 IS 50 30 W \\ E W E \\ W \\ W 49 N 2 E 80 N 42 W 101 Cheshire Grafton 117 N HiUsboro' 35 N Grafton 135 N Rocking. 35 N Lincoln 29 13 VV 30 w i2 \\ W 20 do. Loudon 64!N 16 \\ 82 Grafton 165 Lyman 132|n 17 Lyme do. 971 N 26 VV 126 Lyndeborough HiUsboro' 48iN 43 58 Madbury Strafford 52:n 8 E 67 Manchester HUlsboro' 43iN 23 \\ 4S 64iN 57 \V 76 Marlborough Cheshire Marlow do. 77|n 47 Vv 95 50 Mason HiUsboro' 42 N 58 195 Maynesborough Coos 140! N 2 Strafford Meredith 85jN 14 \V 93 HiUsboro' 38N34 40 Merrimack N Strafford 88 421S 75 Middleton 73| Hillsboi'o' 411 N Milford 4H 90 S 58 VV 70iN 2 E 85 4ols 49 VV Strafford Milton 158iN l^W 200 87, N 34 Coos MiUsiield 120 59 S 85 Mou Itonborough Straff.rd 93; N 8 HUlsboro' 45IN 39 \V 52 87 S 55 Mount-Vernon 44;S 31 W^ Rocking. 47' N 22 E 60 New-Castle 75!S 83 Grafton 84' N 23 \V 90 New-Chester 85 47!S 60 VV Strafford 71|N 2 New-Durham 110 94'S 86 VV 93N 33 New-Gran tham Grafton 88 N 17 110 69;S 88 VV Strafford New-Hampton Rocking. 48;N 14* E 57 49;S 37 Newington HiUsboro 46;n 34 New-Ipswich 55 102i» 55 82lN 31 New-London do. 90 88 S 80 \V Rocking. 44'N 8 E 58 55jS 42 Newmarket 85:x 37 ^^ 100 97 S 80 Cheshire Newport 31'N 2 E 40 67iS 37 Rocking. Newtown 73IN 18 do. Northfield 79 68 S 77 40^iN 16 E 55 54 S 33^\V Northampton do. l47iN 6 VV 195 87l N iJorthuraberland Coos 56;n 6^\V 66 58 S 58 Northwood Rocking. 60 568 50 49|N 2 Nottingham do. 35 83i S Nottingham West HUlsboro' 30|n 34 105' 81 Grafton Orange 94] N 24 do. 112 N 24 VV 126i 901n 34 VV Orford 47|n 85 VV Strafford Ossipee 88; N 2 VV 104 do. Ossijjee Gore 96;N 1 VV 1181 45, N 75 VV Cheshire Packersfield* 65, N 50 r,' 80 103jS 65 \V Coos Paulsburgh 145JN 1 VV 195' 75"^ 40 113 IN 15 VV 120 76:n 72 VV Grafton Peeling 82 S 41 VV Rocking. Pelham 26 iN 27 V/ 3.-. 56 IN 19 Pembroke 59i 68,S 62 VV W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W V W ' Ngw Nelson. 29 Con. river Con. river 120 120 125 54 96 58 On Mer. 150 130 110 riv. Mass. line Vmm. river Winnipis. 8ij r. 100 On Mer. riv. 50 100 548 60 585 Sal. river HO 700 65 620 128 552 66 60 An Inland lUl 590 On Pem. riv.60 585 155 610 7i 630 Pem. river 557 Pis. i-iver 6.;; 1S3 555 Mass. line 132 590 58 Exeter river 60 138 600 86 540 Mass. line 112 579 Mer. river 70 555 Sea 118 695 On Con. riv. 70 5§6 70 560 110 535 Mer. river 129 605 120 626 Con. river 50 604 4o 618 185 580 110 695|On Aram. 8«. o20 On Pem.riv. 96 5331 Mass. line 90 559jOn Mer. riv. ( �Course an �TABLE III. An Alvhabetical Tabli! of the Tow^ss in each Countt of New-Hampshire OF PoLLS, PUOPORTION OF TaXES IN 1775 AND 1812, NUMBER OF Horses over four years old, number of neat Cattle over two TEARS OLD, NUMBER OF ACBES OF OrCHAUD ^AtSO, THE NUMBER OF ShIEP AS VAK AS THEX have BEEN OBTAINED. WITH TUB JTUMBKR — County of Rockingham. �Coimty of �County of Hillsborou(rh --.9 Towns. Dunstable Fishei-sfield Francestown GofFstown Greenfield Hennilcer Hillsboroueh Hollis Hopkmton Hancock Kearsar_^e Gore Litchfield Lyndeborough Manchester Mason Merrimack Mil ford Mount- Vernon New-Boston New-Ipsvvich New-London Nottingham West Peterborongh Salisbury Sharon 297 253 372 198 19 74, 185 107 170 182 182 162 257 241 123 190 288 310 61 Society Lantl Sutton Temple Warner Weare Windsor Wilmot 175 102 248 305 166 307 ' Wilton 28 218 139 307 '456 49 69 173 County of Cheshire. Acworth Dempster Marlborough 268 292 265 364 378 291 151 219 338 100 97 139 239 303 107 162 205 Marlow 105 Alstead Charleston Chesterfield Claremont Cornish Croydon Dublin Fitzwilliam Gilsum Goshen Hinsdale Jaffrey Keene Langdon �County of �County of �����*«u ������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Books, Booklets, Ledgers, & Diaries Digital File Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1817 Gazetteer Of The State Of New Hampshire Description An account of the resource The 1817 Gazetteer of the state of New Hampshire gives accounts of the counties and towns in New Hampshire from the period. It also describes principal features such as mountains, lakes, rivers, capes, bays, harbors, islands, and resorts or notable places. Notable business and persons are also described. Information on Farmington, NH is located on page 131. This is a digital file and does not exist in the physical collection. RKL-FHS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource by Eliphalet Merrill Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available C. Norris &Co, Exeter, NH Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1817 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1817 business Farmington NH information people places records Strafford County https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/bc5c25527b8d78ae5415e83f14995260.jpg?Expires=1784764800&Signature=ZABqedr4R68SrobfpGNc1MsSpIsv12j3bOqPCKsFDL%7Ekudyuh2aO0CUsM9FWIsOoPOw1%7EQZwxhEZajyWriP8FhwzY%7En93EU8zmaqpMLemg8kB3PcFyYWMBRgjA0mx8FAthSSc-F8lnYoFDXT0b6VLsR5d7Yq9bZr0ddGphOIvdJjxuvXAWv51f-b-gsnTXKsMk4AjnwyKXXvhQE3Yt0SEU0f7ipcBdNqQwZ50j%7ELcLTttUe1hEkNxilG-pG1I45xAcAC34feCl6YrRHlrLfxVh0f0nmFzaXlEVXukkvQt2sTsOiOVMm4r8hrYTMHJY66B2xwQuL5CznLGT%7E6eFZeGg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ddf546137baad37fce3187762eb133dc https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/51419fcec83e93d525f9668013748649.pdf?Expires=1784764800&Signature=a09Zo4U1ZtungLFiVmvENvIHOFO45DeS0-Z1WQk%7EGdDGxwX4iCrZeb2qsfD3uJklyzk5treEGlJQYmW2f9BXAoEK9fPh2Ce9k%7EWwSTy-DPmGO7rpoHKi8mNtDQyA02kmrDpNk0GiTCFS%7Ev6RxcZiRyiBkvm%7EV1QZ6CwihYvmFWBJYyqjZd7eWaBQZwWY4Hs-CqILJDvRQrjReHaiDS0hTozzBWFUoMRLMGTT6bVkCH78dnZFy0yGbJXdG4f1kw3R0DyYmgpZofrdTFSEhs9Om8SlASfAV9J3sB0oda-prfcshlDzARSv3YVHjY-QGY-uPqEiBszQl5PMVqBbAS8bvg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 2b8751ec519ffb1de0d938ca6af10a5f PDF Text Text ��V ^v. <^ 3 ����^yMv 0&tu^<~*+«J. �����STATE CAPITOL. For description, see " Concord," page 104. �THE STATISTICS AND GAZETTEER OF NEW-HAMPSHIEE. CONTAINING DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL THE TOWNS AND VILLAGES; ALSO, BOUNDAPJES AND AREA OF THE STATE, AND ITS NATURAL RESOURCES, COUNTIES, WITH OVER ONE HUNDRED PAGES OF STATISTICAL TABLES, PERTAINING TO ITS POPULATION, WEALTH, INDUSTRIES, CHURCHES, SCHOOL HOUSES, SOLDIERS IN THE LATE REBELLION, AND POST OFFICES: WITH A LIST OF STATE OFFICERS, ETC.: TOGETHER WITH A DESCRIPTION OF ITS MOUNTAINS, LAKES, RIVERS AND POPULAR RESORTS FOR TOURISTS, AND A GREAT VARIETY OF OTHER USEFUL INFORMATION. Wve seen the prairies, and their flowers Beside their sparkling rills, But nothing there that gladdens us Like old New-Hampshire hills. COMPILED BY ALONZO J. CONCORD, D. L. FOGG. N. H. GUERNSEY, BOOKSELLER AND PUBLISHER. 1874. aked �tk; PUJ 3 Tll_D£ : Entered according to Act of Congress, December ALONZO J. FOGG, Concord, N. 7th, A. D. 1872, H., In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. STEREOTYPED, PRINTED AND BOUND AT CXAREMONT, N. H., BY THE CLAREMONT MANUFACTURING COMPANY. by �TO THE SONS AND DAUGHTERS OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE, AND ADOPTED CITIZENS, RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, BY THE AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER. ITS THIS VOLUME IS ��PREFACE. New-Hampshire It is nearly twenty years since a Gazetteer of was published, and although the State has not increased in population, .-till the change in every branch of business has been quite as great as in any State in New We England. have now nearly double the miles of railway, and three times the number of miles of we had twenty years telegraph wire that The wealth ago. the State has increased nearly one hundred per cent. now there were but hamlets in 1855, there are villages, and the busy We are now hum of life is of Where large manufacturing heard from morning till night. living in the days of fast steamboat lines, railroad express trains, telegraphs and pneumatic tubes. All branches of business are done with railway speed, and what it took years to accomplish, thirty years ago, as many The focus. is now performed Time and space have been brought nearly months. cotton merchant in Boston can do to in a more mercantile correspondence in one week with his bi'anch house in Liverpool, by telegraph, than could be done Where time. fifteen years now done by telegraph, in as many minutes. required to perform a journey by stage, rail, in as ago in a long took months to convey intelligence by mail, it many days. it is lifeit is Where weeks were now accomplished by In our country, a generation has been crowded into years, years into months, months into days, and days into hours. The old Farmer's clock that has stood in his kitchen corner for more than forty years with the wise monition written on its dial that " time is money," has seen the maxim heeded and fully carried out in this generation. fortunes in a day In preparing and sometimes this lose In this age them quite work we have endeavored men make their as soon. to keep the above �PREFACE. VI much ideas constantly in view, and to give as pertaining to the industry of in a brief manner. Our New Hampshire general information we as possibly could readers will find that brevity has been our aim through the book. But still we have intended to furnish much useful information in less than seven hundred pages as many writers, years ago, would have required two thousand to im- as part the same amount of knowledge. have assisted us much Figures in a tabular form in this respect, there being nearly We red pages in tables. have intended present standing of the State than of the past have given but a brief history of the ographies of eminent men who were first on left their ; consequently we settlements, and no natives of the State. It native homes to seek their fortunes broad ocean, and we have reserved that task life's bi- would and daughters of New- require volumes to do justice to the sons Hampshire who have one hund- show more of the to some for future biographer. In preparing a work like Nearly all is a information, this, but very little can be original. compilation, and, in order to obtain the necessary we have been obliged to many claim the assistance of people in various sections of the State. In preparing a book of this character, ly creep in, that are beyond all town will have its critics, many human power and they may see errors must natural- in the that should be different, in some respect, relative to their of the State. Although we feel obliged to persons in for their kindness in assisting us to many in some instances, book own section many towns facts, still, that co-opera- tion throughout the State has not been all and Every to obviate. some things we could have we have been obliged to rely desired, on the manu- many statistical facts relative to manuour many friends see some errors in this script census of 1870, for factories. If a few of respect, they may rest assured that they the cities and large towns in the State, and gathered such information citizens have seen fit to give us. were correct in 1870. we have All personally visited, as to their industries, etc., as the �PREFACE. We have been at considerable expense State to is VII to prepare accompany the book, and we venture the the most accurate map of New-Hampshire that All the counties, towns, and nearly people. all the principal rivers, lakes The map are laid down. is map is now of the all it before the all the post and mountains, and before our readers, a assertion, that offices ; the railroads and they can judge for themselves. To numerous advice in our William friends efforts, Little, Esq., who have assisted especially to the us, and given kindly Hon. John H. Goodale, D. F. Secomb, Esq., Hon. Asa Fowler, Chief Justice J. E. Sargent, Samuel B. Page, Esq., mental nearly officials all at the State all the govern- House, the press of the State, and of the town clerks in the State, we tender our heartfelt acknowledgments. We etteer, are also indebted to Dr. Belknap's History, "New-Hampshire As "New-Hampshire Register," It Is," Hayward's Gaz- New-Hampshire Manual," and the U. S. Census of 1870, for val- uable information. A. Concord, N. H., March 2, 1874. J. F. ��OOIsTTElSTTS. CHAPTEE First settlement of I. New-Hampshire, up to the Revolution. CHAPTER II. Brief history of the War of tli Revolution, Federal Constitution, and of the Great Rebellion, Regiments, Officers, etc. CHAPTER III. Topographical history of all the cities and towns in the State, giving a brief statement of the surface, the quality of the soil, its mountains, lakes ponds, rivers and streams; its summer resorts, villages and manufacturers resources, churches, public schools, libraries, hotels, railroads, &c. ; CHAPTER IV. A statistical summary of the counties and State, pertaining to their geographical position, value of their manufactories, farm productions, railroads, newspapers, national banks, savings banks, insurances, post-oilices &c. CHAPTER V. Tabular statement of the population of the cities and towns in the State, ratable polls, assessed valuation of all the towns, stock in trade, money at interest, deposits in savings banks, proportional tax, town debts, clergymen, lawyers, physicians, merchants, agricultural pro- ductions, value of farms, number of farms, dwellings, and families, value of cotton manufactories, woolen manufactories, boots and shoes, hosiery, paper mills, lumber mills, grist mills, tanneries, total manufactories in the State, various occupations of the people in 1870, number of each kind of manufactories, in the State, in 1870, number of deaths, by towns, in the State, in 1870, centenarians who have died since 1822, &c., &c. �X CONTENTS. CHAPTER VI. Public Schools, Dartmouth College, Literary Institutions, Asylum for the Insane, College of Agriculture, Orphans Home, State Prison, State Normal School, State Capital, Reform School, Religion &c. CHAPTER A VII. brief review of the State, its climate, its grand mountain, ocean, lake and river scenery, geology and mineralogy, a description of its mountains, lakes and rivers, a brief account of the aboriginals of NewHampshire, New-Hampshire compared with the Western States; a poem on New-Hampshire, etc. CHAPTER VHI. New-Hampshire Congressional, Councillor," and SenGovernor vote of Governors of New-Hampshire since 1680 the State in 1872 and 1873 Justices of the higher courts of New-Hampshire since 1776 Wheelwright Deed Cities and Towns in the United States of 6,000 inhabi- Constitution of atorial Districts ; ; State and Legislative Officers ; ; ; ; tants and upwards. ILLUSTRATIONS. Agricultural College, Hanover. Board of Trade Building, Concord. Burleigh's Block, Franklin. City Library Building, Manchester. Court House, Manchester. Dustin Monument on Dustin's Island, Concord. Eagle Hotel, Concord. Gage's Circular Saw Works, Fisherville. Kiarsarge House, North Conway. Merchant's Exchange, Manchester. Mount Belknap House, Gilford. Moosehillock, from Warren. New-Hampshire Conference Seminary, Tilton. New-London Institution, State House, Concord. New-London. (Frontispiece.) Normal School Building, Plymouth. Statesman Building, Concord. Tilden Female Seminary, West Lebanon. State MAP. Map of New-Hampshire. �INDEX. academies will be found under the head of Literary form also the names of the lakes under the head of Lakes, and rivers under the head of Rivers. The index for Institutions, in alphabetical ; 514 Acres Improved Land in the State 405 Dartmouth College Agriculture of the State 403 Deposits in Savings Agricultural College 532 Depositors in Savings Banks, Altitudes of Mountains 578 Description of Amoskeag 238 Dudley, Joseph Falls Banks 429 Number Towns Dustin, Hannah, Killing Indians ....429 47 to 380 8 — 10 72 Ancient Records of the State Andros, Edward 12 Artillery, Lafayette 37 Early Records of the State 12 Heavy 36 Federal Constitution 21 for the Insane 529 New-Hampshire Battery First Reg. N. H. Heavy Artillery Fish in New-nampshire 36 597 Artillery, N. EL Asylum 8 Early Laws 5 First 36 Attorney Generals from 1776 Band, Second Brigade 635 Banks. National Banks, Savings Barefoot Walter 419 Franconia Mountains 575 421 Franconia Scenery 159 564 Bear Killed a Child Bear in Alstead Belknap Dr 262 Geology of New-Hampshire Gorges, Fernando 38 8 51 Gove, Edward 2 8 Bradley Massacre 117 627 Governor Vote in 1S72 and 1873 Governors of New-Hampshire since 16S0..632 255 Grave of Mathew Thornton Carr Mountains Carrigan Mountains 577 Guards, National 576 Guards, Martin Carter Mountains 576 Climate of New-Hampshire 556 Head, Gen. Natt Height of Mountains Congressional Districts 624 Hilton, Connecticut Valley 403 Insurance Companies 433 Indians in New-Hampshire 598 Birds in N. H 5 597 Edward 37 37 38 578 3 Constitution of N. H., History of 21 Constitution of New-Hampshire 607 Indians in Charlestown County of Rockingham Resources County of Strafford Resources County of Belknap Resources County of Carroll Resources County of Merrimack Resources County of Hillsborough Resources County of Cheshire Resources County of Sullivan Resources County of Grafton Resources County of Coos Resources 381 Indians in 383 Indians in Keene 385 Indians in Boscawen 387 Indians in Concord 117 388 Indians in Exeter 155 391 Indians in Pembroke 296 393 Indians in Newington 276 395 Indians in Moultonborough 262 396 Indians in Nashua 267 398 Indians in Plainfield 303 Councilor Districts (;24 Indians in Hinsdale 195 Council Members, 1873 626 Indians in Plymouth 306 7-8 Indians in Rochester 318 Indians in Rye 322 Edward John Cranfield. Cutts, 7 Durham 90 138 211 72 �XII INDEX. Indians in Salisbury 325 Itldiai 151 Marlborough High School Marlow Academy Indian Mc Collum Indians in Somersworth Milford High School Indians in Peterborough Nashua High School Nashua Literary Institution New-Hampshire Conference Seminary New-Hampshire Commercial Colle Indians in Swanzey 347 Indians in Walpole 357 Jefferson Scenery 20G ' since 1776 Justic ' Kearsarge Mountain Kiarsarge Mountains 577 520 520 Institute New-Hampton ; 520 I Institution New-Ipswich Appl eton Academy JO 520 520 521 522 522 522 577 New-London Literary 6 King Philip's War Lakes rs New-Hampshire Lake Connecticut Lake Ma Lake M LakeNewfound take Ossipee Newport High School Northwood Academy Northwood Seminary 523 Academy Pennacook Academy Pinkejton Academy 523 I 580 LakeSpafford LakeSquam Institution 523 523 Orford 523 524 Peterborough High School Phillips Exeter Academy High School Robinson Female Institute louth Lake Sunapee Lake Lake I 523 ' 524 521 525 526 526 " Rollinsford High School '.' High School 627 Literary In mtutioxs in phi .- ; :' tf. e 510 Somersworth High School Stevens High School Adams Female Academy Antrim High School 517 Atkin- 517 516 •St. Paul's School 526 526 526 527 Beede Normal Institute 517 Bristol High School Charlestown High School 517 Female Seminary Troy High School Tuhbs Union Academy Walpole High School 517 Manufactories in the State Chester Academy 517 406 Manufactured Cotton G ode 406 Manufactured Woolen 106 Manufactured Boots and Shoes Manufactured Iron and Machine Work. ...406 Manufactured Lumber 406 Manufactured Leather 407 109 Manufactured Paper Manufactured Hosiery 407 Furniture 407 Manufactured Manufactured Other Goods 407 Austin 517 '. Christian Institute 518 Concord High School 518 Conwaj • 517 Clinton Grove Seminary 518 Contoocook Academy Conanf B I Dartmouth College Dartmouth dome School Dearborn Academy Deering Academy Dover High School Dumbarton High School Exeter High School Fannin School Francestown Academy Franklin Academy Oil man tun Academy Hampton Academy Keen Keene High School Kingston Academy Kimball On i Lane.! - 518 514 51 510 51 I Members 519 405 Minerals of New-Hampshire 2 37 626 Militia of N. II 519 569 40 567 519 Minerals in Lisbon 226 519 Monadnock Mountain Monadnock Mt. in Jaffrey 577 519 r,lo 519 519 Moosilauke Mountains Mountains in New-Hampshire Mountains in Ossipee Mt. 520 Imp War Loan National Banks 520 205 576 570 - f, 2 576 Mt. Moriah Municipal tie! -'hool 528 528 Mason, John Martin Guards of Co Metals and Ores • Manche 52S 528 i 519 519 ! Li Til den National Guards 276 40 419 37 �INDEX. New-Hampshire New-Hampsh New-Hampshire New-Hampshire New-Hampshire New-Hampshire New-Hampshire New-Hampshire Newspapers Number Asylum for tho Orp 584 544 Hills 579 40 Militia 415 114 id I 1 Ashuelot Normal School Reform School State in 1 573 6 Rebellion Officer'! killed in Baker's Bui k Bellamy Bank Beaver Bear Camp Black Watei 586 -13 Home Mo tin 5 ". State Prison Officers of the Ossipee Rjtess in New-Hampshire Upper Ammonoosuc Lower . State in Mile Orphans' Insane... 529 of Agricultun XIII Cold 577 at . Pat ridge William Connecticut "k 9 "' Penacook Indians Pequawket Indiana Poem by Mrs. Abba G. Woolson Poem on New-Hampshire, by I 598 Dead 601 ._ Pinion d Ellis na Dei n Proctor i03 Population of Cities and towns United States, ol GO00 and in i Goose Stream the npwa ds...G44 434—442 Post Offices 5 Presidents of U. S 22 Indian Stream...., Isinglass .... Israel's Press of New-Hampshire 415 John's Professional Business 408 Lamprey Mad 590 Mascoma Public Schools 590 Putney Hill Quadrupeds 596 Railroads in New-Hampshire 409 Merrimack 590 411 Mohawk 592 Moose Nashua 592 Nash's 592 Railroads, number of Miles Rebellion 22 Records of the State 12 Reform School Regiment N. II., 544 _ Si cond Newfound 24 First Nubanusit - Third 25 Oliverian Fourth 25 Oyster 592 Fifth 2.". Ossipee 59? Sixth 26 593 2 Seventh 26 Peabody Pequawket Eighth 27 Pemigewasset 593 Ninth Tenth 28 Philips 093 29 Piscataqua Eleventh 29 Piscataquog Twelfth 593 A.. 593 30 Powow 594 Xhirteentl 31 Bed 594 Hill Fourteentli 32 Fifteenth 38 Smith's Sixteenth 34 Salmon Seventeenth 34 Soucook 595 35 Spig 595 36 Squamscot Eighteenth 1st. Reg. 1st. N. II. N. It. lery Religion in New-Hampshire Cavalry Heavy Revolutionary War Falls <'t Artil- . 546 . Little Swift 554 20 595 595 595 596 : Resources of the State Review of New-Hampshire 504 594 596 596 Warner Winnipiseogee 596 �INDEX. XIV Manufacturers by Towns 458 to 459 328 Sandwich Mountains 421 to 428 Savings Banks 429 Number Savings Banks Depositors, 432 Savings Banks Aggregates 429 Savings Banks Deposits 661 Scenery of New-Hampshire Scenery in Lancaster Towns 460 to 471 State by Counties 472 to 473 Showing number Acres of Improved Land by Counties 474 Showing Number Farms in the 474 State by Counties 508 Senatorial Districts State by Agricultural Productions of the 216 Scenery in Lincoln Schools in the State Second Brigade Band Agricultural Productions of the 625 225 of Dwelling Houses Number 38 474 in 1850 84 Number Number 146 1860 474 37 Settlement of New-Hamushiro Shakers in Canterbury Number Number of Families in 1860... 474 1 Shakers in Enfield Sharp Shooters Smyth, Frederick, governor 38 40—44 Soldiers killed of Families in 1S50... 474 of Dwelling Houses in of Dwelling Houses 474 inl870 House State Income State Normal School 104 Number 409 Cotton Manufactures Woolen Manufactures State Officers 626 State Prison 536 Boot and Shoe Manufactures... 479 481 Hosiery Manufactures State 543 of Families in 1870. ..474 475 477 544 Paper Mills 482 State Resources 408 Lumber 483 State Senate, 1S73 626 Summary of New-Haujpshire 4ul Table of Population of the State Population by Counties 443 Grain Mills Tanneries Total Manufactures 448 Nativity of Population 448 Occupations of the State Select ages and sexes 449 Mechanical Industries of New- State Reform School Towns 453 to 457 Proportional Tax Debts, 453 to 457 Town 453 to 457 Ratable Polls by Counties.... 457 Valuation by Counties 457 488 491 in the 493 State Classification of Population.... 450 Immigration and Emigration 451 of New-Hampshire... Ratable Polls by Towns. 453 to 457 453 to 457 Valuation by Towns 453 to 457 Stock in Trade Stock and Money at Interest 453to437 Savings Banks, Deposits by Mills 498 Hampshire Number of Deaths in 499 tlie State 502 in 1870 Deceased Centenarians, since 505 1823 509 Public Schools Table of Officers in the Rebellion Tornado in Warner Total Income of the State Towns, description of U. S. Sharp Shooters Usher, John Unattached Company 43 361 409 47 to 3S0 37 9 38 22 Vice Presidents U. S Stock in Trade by Counties. ..457 Waldron, Maj. Killed by Indians Stock and Money at Interest by 457 War, Indian War Loan 457 War War Counties Savings Banks Deposits by Counties Proportional Tax by Counties.. 457 Clergymen by Towns Physicians, Dentists by lawyers, by Towns 22 20 458 to 459 Woolson, Mrs. Abba G 457 458 to 459 Towns Merchants, by Towns... 458 to 459 40 of the Revolution Weare, Nathaniel Wiggin, Thomas Wheelwright Deed Wheelwright, John White Mountains Counties — of the Rebellion 458 to 459 Town Debts by 133 6 8 — 3 635 2—4 571 601 �NEW-HAMPSHIRE. CHAPTER First Settlement of New-Hampshire, up In every age of the world's history, nacious of their religious principles the I. to the Revolution. mankind have been very —of having the right Supreme Ruler of the Universe agreeably duty, and the dictates of their consciences. to their to te- worship own views of This spirit of religious freedom, was deeply imbued in the hearts of our New England from the land of their birth, to seek a new home upon the rock-bound shores of New England. The intolerance they were constantly subjected to, under the tyfathers, for years before rannical Rulers of they set sail England had a tendency to establish a determi- nation in their minds that they would exercise their right of religious opinion, if they were obliged With such determined to seek other climes to obtain it. day of September, 1620, one hundred and one men, women and children went on board of the Mayflower, and set sail from their native shores, and landed on Plymouth Rock on the 21st day of December, 1620. From this little settlement, was founded New England, whose happy homes millions to-day enjoy. In this place it may be well enough to refer to an incident which occurred on their voyage to the new world, to show what a brittle thread the destiny of New England and our own happy homes hung upon. When midway of the ocean, a gale came on, and, through the violence of the storm, one of the main beams in the mid-ship was cracked and removed from its place. Accordingly, with such danger before them, a consultation was held between the passengers convictions, on the 6th �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 2 and officers of the ship, A upon the subject of returning. passen- ger on board had a large iron screw he had brought from Holland, by means of which the beam was brought to its place and made But for this simple iron screw, no doubt the whole destiny fast. of New England, and perhaps of our Nation, would have been changed, and no one can believe for the better. Truly Providence is in the wind. Three years after the landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth Rock Sir. Fernando Gorges and Captain John Mason, who had previously obtained, from the Council of Plymouth, a grant of laud which ; they called Laconia, lying between Merrimack and rivers, sent out two small parties, Kennebeck one of which landed on the south shore of the Piscataqua and formed a settlement which they called Little Harbor and within the present limits of Portsmouth —the other party sailed up the Piscataqua, and settled at Northam, after- wards called Dover, but by the Indians, Cocheco, or Winni- chahannat. Our fathers, who landed at Plymouth to seek a home where they could enjoy their religious opinions, were unlike the tlers of Portsmouth and Dover. By rying on trade with the Natives, they hoped to return for their labor. first set- and carobtain an abundant establishing fisheries Consequently they neglected the only source of prosperity of any country, agriculture, and for a num- ber of years their progress was very slow. Nothing of note transpired in the colony, till 1629, when the Rev. John Wheelwright, of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, purchased of the Indians a large tract of land lying between the Piscataqua and Merrimack rivers. The Indians were paid in what they called a valuable consideration, such as "coats, shirts and Wheelwright's deed was signed by PassaconaAvay, the Sagamore of the Indian tribes in this section of New EngThis grant, land, and also by the Chiefs of several other tribes. from the Indians, was part of the land previously purchased by Gorges and Mason. Wheelwright claimed that he obtained his right of the land from the original owners, which was far better than through any self constituted English company. The Plymouth company, very soon after Wheelwright's purchase, made a new grant of the same territory to Mason and it was alleged that he and Gorges had mutually agreed to divide their original grant, called Laconia, and take out new patents. Mason kettles." •-hief ; �FIRST SETTLEMENT. named new grant this for the 6 county where he formerly lived in England, Aeiy-Hampshire. Edward Hilton, then living at Dover, obtained a tract of land and by deed, including Dover, and what is part of Newiugton and Greenland. A grant of land was also obtained by persons living near the mouth of the Piscataqua, including Portsmouth, Newcastle, Rye, and part of Newington and Greenfield. The Dover settlement was called the Upper Plantation, and the Portsmouth settlement was called the Lower Plantation. Captain Thomas Wiggin was appointed agent of the former plantation, and Captain Walter Neil of the latter. Disputes frequently sprung up between the two for himself associates, now Durham, Stratham and a settlements in relation to territory, but they were, as a general thing, settled without anything serious transpiring. Like our people in these modern days, the first settlers of New Hampshire had what is now called the gold fever. Parties would be formed and start through the denes forests with spade and pickaxe on their shoulder, to seek their fortunes among the lakes and mountains in central New Hampshire. But the yellow lucre was not to be found, and their fond imaginations of a fortune in a day were blasted. By such expeditions after gold, agriculture was neglected, and the stories told them of valuable mines of wealth in the mountains had proved fallacious. ships were the fruits of their neglect. England in Want, privations and hardBread was brought from meal, or in grain from Virginia, and carried to Boston be ground, there being no mill in the Colony. It is no wonder, under such circumstauces, that disappointment, and consequently discontent, should creep in and cause many to sell all their in- to more enterprising ones (who had remembered the is not gold), and return to England. In 1633, Neil and Wiggin formed an agreement with Wheelwright that his proposed settlement at Squamscot Falls should be called Exeter. They immediately surveyed their respective grants, and laid out the towns of Dover and Portsmouth. Hampton was also laid out the same year, the Indian name being Winnecummet. In 1638, Wheelwright, through persecution, was driven from the terests to the saying, All that shines Massachusetts colonies for his religious belief. He belonged to a party of the Church called Antinomians, and for a time was en- gaged the result of which was that, with sevwas banished from any territory belonging to Mass- in a violent contest eral others, he ; �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 4 Under achusetts. these circumstances, he proceeded at once to establish a settlement on his grant at Exeter. In this connection it may be well enough to refer to this religous Nearly intolerance of the Massachusetts colonies. all of them had been driven from their homes, in England, by the intolerance of But, when they were once free from religious persetheir rulers. cution, own and could worship God according to the dictates of their consciences, they forgot their persecutors, and were unwilling It is a to accord to others what they had claimed for themselves. lamented fact that they meted out more intolerant rigor to the inoifensive Quakers than they ever received at the hands of their It is claimed, by religious persecutors in their mother country. some, that the Pilgrims who landed at Plymouth Rock were never connected with any of this religious intolerance. Perhaps this Bay Company were strict and many left England for the same reason that our Pilgrim fathers did, and doubtless were accounta- may be the fact ; but the Massachusetts in all their religious views, ble for a large portion of this religious persecution. At made his settlement at Exeter there government in New-Hampshire wherefrom they the time Wheelwright was no general could receive or claim any protection and they formed an independent government of their own. It was purely democratic in ; They had one chief form, and was based strictly on the Bible. Magistrate and two associates chosen by the people, and holding their office for one year. These officers were sworn to faithfully discharge their dutie«, while the people were sworn to obey. All laws were enacted through a general assembly chosen by the people. The extensive salt marshes at Hampton were considered valuable hay for cattle and, accordingly, the Massachusetts colony sent Richard Dummer and John Spencer to commence improvements there, and soon after they were followed by some persons from the County of Norfolk in England. They were allowed to settle there, making their whole number fifty-six. The first house erected, was known for many years as the Bound House. for furnishing Up to ; New-Hampshire had no were separate and independent of The hostile action of the Indians towards the colonies 1641, the four settlements of combined government, but each other. all led to a feeling of insecurity in being kept separate through their form of government ; and, accordingly, a proposition was made to the Massachusetts colonies, to unite with them under one form of �FIRST SETTLEMENT. 5 government, which they very readily accepted, having already laid claim to a large portion of New-Hampshire. of the towns in New-Hampshire, viz. By 1642, all three Portsmouth, Dover and Exeter, had joined their fortunes with Massachusetts, under one common government. Hampton had already been considered as part of their province. Considering the prevailing of intolerance the colonies at the date of this alliance, the people of Massachusetts New-Hampshire were granted one great privilege by giving them the right to act in any public capacity without any regard The previous laws to their religious belief. in Massachusetts debarred any person from voting or holding a seat in the General Court, unless they were members of the Church. Belknap, in his history of New-Hampshire, in speaking of the intolerant says: and peculiar laws of the colonies, existing at that date, of healths and the use of tobacco were for- "The drinking —the former being considered a heathenish and idolatrous grounded on the ancient libations the other as a species of intoxication and a waste of time. Laws were instituted to regubidden, practice, late the intercourse ; between the sexes, and the advances towards They had a ceremony of betrothing, which preceded Pride and levity of behavior came under the that of marriage. cognizance of the magistrate. Not only the richness but the mode matrimony. of dress, and cut of the hair, were subject to state regulations. Women were forbidden to expose their arms or bosoms to view. It was ordered that their sleeves should reach down to their wrists, and that their gowns should be closed around their necks. Men were obliged to cut short their hair, that they might not resemble women. No person not worth two hundred pounds was allowed to wear gold or silver lace, or silk hoods and scarfs. These pious rulers had more in view than the political good. They were not only concerned for the external appearance of sobriety and good order, but thought themselves obliged, so far as they were able, to promote real religion and enforce the observances of the divine precepts." In the performance of what our forefathers regarded their duty, none could be more conscientious than they. They had but one single aim in view, and that was to serve God and to allow nothing be done, where they had the power to prevent, to displease Him. There is much in their character that claims our respect, notwith- to �6 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. standing their arbitrary notions of enacting laws. They firmly believed in thorough education, and founded a college at Cambridge, within a few years after their first settlement. In regard to training the youth, they believed in that true saying 'T is education forms the Just as the twig is common mind; bent, the tree's inclined. Here lies one great secret of the prosperity of the people of New England in the interest our fathers took in establishing institu- — tions for learning and a general school system, which our children to-day are reaping the benefits of. Many laws they enacted, we might consider wrong but their ideas of a true democratic form of government were correct in the abstract, and the liberal form of government which we are enjoying to-day originated from their ideas of self government. The Indians had watched the growth and prosperity of the col; onies with a silent, jealous feeling for many years. Their hunting grounds they saw diminishing from day to day. They saw their numbers gradually growing less, while their white neighbors were They saw if the white men were not speed would soon become sole owners of all their constantly increasing. ily checked, they domain. "With such convictions rankling in the breast of the red man, Philip, of Mount Hope, son of the Indian chief, Massasoit, was actuated to incite the various tribes in New Eugland against the colonies, which brought on the great Indian war called " King Philip's war." New-Hampshire suffered severely— Durham, Exeter, Hampton, Dover and Salmon Falls were attacked. Houses were burned, cattle killed and many of the inhabitants were murdered with horrid cruelties. The war commenced in June, 1675, and closed, through the death of King Philip, in Au- was a short war, but bloody aud cruel. In 1679, New-Hampshire became a royal province, after being under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts for nearly thirty-eight years. The government was to be administered by a president and council appointed by the King. Laws were enacted by an assembly chosen by the people but the King reserved the right to gust, 1676. It ; discontinue the assembly whenever he thought it advisable. John merchant of Portsmouth, and highly respected, received the appointment as President, and William Vaughan, John Gilman and Richard Waldron received appointments to Cutts, a wealthy the council. They received their commissions January 1st, 1680, �FIRST SETTLEMENT. 7 and reluctantly accepted the office, for fear that men might be apwho would have no regard for the welfare of the colony. Portsmouth, Dover, Exeter and Hampton were the only towns in the State that participated in the election, casting, in all, two hundred and nine votes. The New-Hampshire Colony was constantly kept in a ferment pointed with the Masons, who ritory in the State. him still laid claim to a large portion of the ter- Mason was ever certain favors in the colony, from his land chums. benefit soliciting the King to grant whereby he might derive some In the latter part of 1680, he came from England empowered by the King to take a seat His whole object, in securing that position, was cil. in the counto exert an by means of which he could compel the people to take leases of him. They were indignant, and postively refused to comply with his request. The other members of the council decided with the people and he soon left his seat in the council and returned to England. Soon after Mason left the colony President Cutts died and Major Waldron succeeded him, and influence in that body, ; the affairs in the various settlements in the State moved along about the same as they did under President Cutts. Mason, ever on the move, again applied to the King for a change of government in the influence, one Edward New-Hampshire colony, and, through his Cranfield was appointed Lieutenant Govern- or and Commander-in-Chief of New-Hampshire. Cranfield acceptmaking money, and, evidently, to be the tool of Mason, as he engaged to pay him one hundred and fifty pounds annually, and mortaged the province for security ed the office with the expectation of to carry out the contract. Cranfield received his commission in May, 1682, which vested him with extraordinary powers. He had the right to suspend members of the conncil, veto laws passed by the assembly, dissolve the same at his pleasure, erect courts and pardon criminals. The people soon began to see and feel the tyranny of Cranfield. Waldron and Martyu were suspended, but restored to their position on the meeting of the Assembly. Know- ing his tyrannical disposition, and the power he possessed, the Assembly thought it advisable to vote him a present of two hundred pounds. But their kindness to him availed nothing to them Soon Stileman, a member of the council, was suspended and the Assembly dissolved for not yielding to his mercenary desires. The people of Exeter and Hampton were indignant or the Colony. ; �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 8 at his arbitrary conduct, and meetings were holden and resolutions passed declaring for " liberty and reform." Edward Gove, one members of the dissolved Assembly, headed this revolutionary movement, and was arrested with several others. A court was immediately held, and he, with the rest, was convicted of treason. With the exception of Gove, all were soon set at liberty. He was sent to England and imprisoned in the Tower of Londun for three of the yeafrs, , It is when he was pardoned and his estate restored to him. impossible, in this limited work, to give a detailed account f every thing pertaining to the first settlers of but it may be New-Hampshire well enough to state, that Cranfield was the most ty- He rannical Governor that ever ruled the State. carried measures to make comKing in relation to his conduct towards the colony. Alter long delays Weare made out his complaint in general terms, to such lengths, that Nathaniel Weare was appointed plaint to the which was referred ing, they made to the Board of Trade. After a lengthy hear- He out a report censuring the course of Cranfield. was granted leave of absence, and sailed for Jamaica. Walter Barefoot, his deputy, succeeded him, and continued in office till Dudley, as President of New-England, superceded Barefoot. This brought New-Hampshire again under the same government with Massachusetts. In a few months, Dudley was succeeded by Sir Edward Andros, and Governor-in-chief of New-England. Andros came among the colonies of New-England, with great pretensions of honesty, and to administer to the people a liberal form of government. as Captain But he soon showed himself field. His rule was to be nearly as great a tyrant as Cran- short, to the great joy of the colonies. Wil- when the colonies received the news of a change, the people assembled and immediately imprisoned Andros, and soon after sent him to Eng- liam III ascended the throne of England in 1688, and land as a prisoner. For two years the New-Hampshire colonies were left without a government, waiting orders from the mother country, but none came. In 1690, they petitioned to be admitted under the jurisdic- tion of Massachusetts, to the which was granted, and delegates were sent In the General Court of that colony for nearly two years. meantime, Mason died, leaving their title to his land claims in New-Hamp- John and Robert Mason. They soon sold all Samuel Allen, of London, who was commissioned shire to his two sons, �FIRST SETTLEMENT. 9 Governor, and John Usher, as Lieutenant-Governor, with power to act in Allen's absence. . This change of Government was against the express wishes of the people of New-Hampshire, who desired to ba annexed to the colony of Massachusetts. In 1689, a new Indian war broke out, instigated, in part, by the French who had settlements in the province of Canada. On the evening of June 27, 1G89, through apparent friendship, certain parties in of Indians applied for lodgings at each of the garrison houses When Dover. deep the people had retired, and all were locked in all the gates of the garrison were thrown open by the Indian lodgers, and the Indians without rushed in, and an inhuman butchery of the inmates commenced. Major Waldrou, then eighty years of age, was put to death in the most cruel manner. Major Waldron was a brave man, and for many sleep, at a given signal, years the Indians had stood in fear of him. as using the Indians harshly in many He has been charged, instances, and doubtless the tortures inflicted on him were to retaliate some wrong which some of their tribe had received at his hands. In this attack on Dover twenty-three persons were killed and twenty-nine taken prisoners and carried to Canada. In this war, people were killed in Salmon Falls, Newiugton, Exeter, Rye, Durham and many small In Durham, Villieu, who was in Command at Penobaccompanied by a French Priest, made the attack with two hundred French and Indians. Nearly all the houses were burned, settlements. scott, and nearly one hundred of the inhabitants were captive to Canada. Hampshire From killed or carried this time, till 1697, the suffered severely people of New- by these frequent attacks of the In- by the French, who were quite as savage in their mode of warfare; and their conduct in countenancing the killing of defenceless women and children, was a disgrace to any uation which pertains to civilization. Among the victims who fell by those middians, led on night attacks was the widow of President Cutts. made an after, In 1696, they attack on Portsmouth, and killed fourteen persons. Soon peace was declared between the English and French govern- ments, and the Indians were informed by their French allies that they had no further use for them, and advised to bury the hatchet, which they reluctantly consented to. Most of the captives were restored, and thus ended a distressing war with a cruel and treacherous foe. The administration of Usher was unpopular with the people. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 10 His manners were haughty, of Allen, who claimed besides, they knew he was ridge, of Portsmouth, superceded Usher in the interest In 1696, the land they occupied. One of his first acts was to restore several members of who had been suspended by Usher. In 1698, the Earl was appointed Governor of New Wm. Part- as Lieutenant Governor. the council Belmont York, Massachusetts Bay and of New-Hampshire. During the year, Allen came over and assumed the rule of the There was a continual altercation between him and the colony. people, originating from the claim he pretended to hold on their In the Spring of 1699, the people were relieved from the land. and the Earl of Belmont assumed the government of reinstated Partridge. Allen being disappointed and provoked at the treatment he had received at the hands of the Earl of Bellomont, and the cool reception of the people, again attempted to gain possession of the territory he had purchased of the rule of Allen, New-Hampshire and Masons. The courts of the colony decided against him. He then applied to the King, but he could not fully convince him, of the validity of his claim new suits in the ; but he was granted permissson to commence New-Hampshire courts. His sudden death pre- vented any final decision. Allen left one son, who was sole heir to his claim. the suit, but a verdict was rendered against him. He renewed He then ap- pealed to the Queen, but, before a final decision, death ended the contest. The controversy was claimants, under Mason's province. amount of finally terminated by yielding to the grant, the unoccupied portions of the This Mason controversy had been the source of a great trouble to the colonies for nearly seventy-five years. There was scarcely a year but these claims were presented to the either by courts or by governors appointed people, in some form for that purpose, in the interests of the. Masons. In 1702, the Earl of Bellomont having died, the Queen appointed Joseph Dudley Governor of Massachusetts and New-Hampshire. The next year Usher was again appointed Lieutenant Governor. Dudley, on assuming his office, fearing that the Indians had a ; feeling of discontent, called the chiefs of several tribes together, and again renewed their friendship which they promised to maintain. But in 1703, owing to the trouble between the French and English governments, the Indians, notwithstanding the pledges they had made to Governorr Dudley but a few months before, were iuduced �FIRST SETTLEMENT. 11 again to dig up the hatchet, and once more the horrors of the torch, the tomahawk and scalping knife flashed vividly before the This was commonly called Queen eyes of the infant settlement. Ann's war, and continued for nearly ten years. At Hampton village, five persons were killed by the savages, among whom was the The widow Mussey, a talented speaker among the Friends. Indians were punished severely, frequently, and many killed, but still they were not disheartened so long as the French were their proThey attacked the settlements on Lamprey and Oyster tectors. In Rivers, houses were burned, and men and women were killed. He w as a brave officer 1710, Col. Winthrop Hilton was killed. T Exeter and and was highly esteemed by all who knew him. Dover were visited by the Indians and deeply tasted the bitter Peace was declared at Utrecht, in 1712, to fruits of a savage war. the great joy of the people, and, not long after, a formal peace was ratified with the Indians. We now brought to nearly ninety years since the first setcommenced at Dover and Portsmouth, and we have en- are tlements deavored to give a brief account of the most important events that had transpired up mentioned nearly mentioned —from 1702 to 1741, We Queen Ann's war. to the close of all the rulers have of any note up to the time before New-Hampshire and Massachusetts were united under one general government. Benning Wentworth was appointed Governor of New-Hampshire in 1741, and John Wentworth, his nephew, in 1767, and held his office up to the time of the war, of the Revolution in 1775. For sixty years, up to to the date of the Revolution, there frequent troubles with the Indians, and fathers many and mothers, of future happiness were fond anticipations, by in this world, were dashed forever out of sight by the torch and tomahawk, in a single night. But the first settlers of New-Hampshire were adventurous men and women, full of energy, and not to be deterred or intimidated, by any reverses that might befall them, from their purposes. They left the land of their birth, across the Atlantic, for the purpose of securing a home them in the wilds of in their New-Hampshire, and whatever danger met path they faced with courage and with a full deter- mination to succeed. "With such determined minds, tlers of it might be expected that the New-Hampshire were annually extending and that the red men of the forest set- their boundaiies, were constantly receding. At �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 12 the date of the commencement of the war of the Revolution, there fifty incorporated towns, and eighty- were nearly one hundred and two thousand inhabitants in the State. Our limited space, in this department of the work, will not per- mit us to give an extended account of the trials and hardships which our forefathers were subjected to, in securing homes for their children and their posterity, which thousands of the happy sons and daughters of New-Hampshire are enjoying to-day. Considerable space is given to the ancient records of the State, boundary line between Massachusetts and NewHampshire, and some of the early organizations of the towns, which relative to the is an important chain of history for the future. We append a few extracts of the Ancient Records, from the Rev. Joseph B. Felt's Collections Association," giving &c, of some " Between the following for the " American Statistical dates of grants, settlements, New-Hampshire. and Massachusetts, there was a long parts of the State of this State tion arose, though others of similar kind dis- Before this ques- cussion relative to their individual boundaries. had been agitated, the whole being chiefly caused by the Patents largely infringing upon each other, all the settlements of New-Hampshire had put themselves Portsmouth and under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts. Dover, by their own request and previous assignment of their proprietors, became thus subject, October 9, session of May 10, 1643. Exeter, having was received at the 1641. petitioned, Sept. 8, 1642, to be alike privileged, Under such circumstances, Massachusetts 'On perusal of our Charter, it passed the ensuing order in 1652: was this day voted by the whole Court, that the extent of the line is to be from the northernmost part of the Merrimac River and three miles farther north, be it a hundred miles more or less from the sea, and from thence upon a straight line east and west to each sea; and this is to be the true interpretation of the terms of the limit northward, granted in the Patent.' Subsequent to employed two commissioners to run these limits, this action, they with the assistance The report of this survey is as follows At Aqueduhtan (now Lake Village), the name of the head of the Merrimac, where it issues out of the Lake called Winnapuseaki (Winnipiseogee), upon the first day of August, 1652, we observed, and by observation found, that the latitude of the place was 43° of two surveyors. 40' 12", besides those : ' minutes which were to be allowed for three �FIRST SETTLEMENT. miles 13 into the Lake.' This took place while more north, which run the regal government of the mother country was suspended, while there was no probability that Parliament would allow the patent of Mason, which was of doubtful authority, and while the colonists were clearing themselves, as much as they could with safety, from subjection to the English government. inhabitants of New-Hampshire were It was done, also, when the desirous of remaining under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts, as a protection from anarchy among themselves, and from the depredations of the enemy without. Mr. Mason renewed his suit, as soon as Charles II. ascended the throne and began to manifest his hostility to the Bay colony for their anti-royal sentiments in and practices. A decision was rendered the favor of Mason, in 1675, at the time the inhabitants of England were New- the greatest power to avert striving with their threatened extermination by the Indians, under the leadership of Edward Randolph, Philip. ready a relative of the claimant, always our shores with unwelcome messages, came over the to visit He visited New-Hampshire and made known the deMr. Mason to the inhabitants. Some, as is usual in such emergences, were forward to denounce Massachusetts, and thought by this means to make capital for the advancement of their own interests. The inhabitants of Dover protested against the claim of Mason; declared that they had bona fide purchased their lands next year. sires of of the Indians ; recognized their subjection to the government of Massachusetts, under and by whom whom they were now they had lived so long and happily, assisted in defending their estates families against the savage enemy. leave them unmolested. and asked They Portsmouth protested for like relief from in a similar his royal highness. The and King petitioned the to manner, intrigues of the political foes of Massachusetts being favored by the King, they succeeded with him, and, in 1680, New-Hampshire, by his orders, became a colony. The principal inhabitants, even then knowing that this change was to forward other purposes than their withdrew from Massachusetts. Such a course encroached upon the limits of the latter colony, by withdrawing from it the following towns. The dates annexed benefit, with reluctance to the towns denote their incorporation ; italics express their In- and Roman letters their former English names. "Portsmouth, 1653. Piscataquach, Strawberry Bank. Settled under David Thompson, 1643; patronized by Sir Fernando Gorges dian names ; — �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 14 and Capt. John Mason and The others. Harbor, called Mason Hall. Little It first house was built at was incorporated by a char- ter of 1633. Dover, Sept. Cochecho and Winnichahanat, Hilton's 8, 1642. Northam. Settled under Edward and William Hilton, 1623, by order of an association in England, denominated the Company of Laconia. The proprietors of Dover and Portsmouth — Point, assigned June their jurisdiction over these places to Massachusetts, 14, 1641. Exeter, May 10, 1643. Swamscot (Falls.)—Settled, 1638, by Rev. John Wheelwright and others exiled from Massachusetts fessing the Antinomian principles of Anne Hutchinson. Hampton, Sept. 4, 1639. Winnacunet or Winnaeowett. for pro- —By or- der of Massachusetts, a house was erected here as a sign of possession, 1636, It was by Nicholas Easton, commonly called the 'Bound Oyster River, ham. house.' settled in 1638. May 17, 1675. —Part Its inhabitants petitioned to Great Island, Oct. 15, 1679. of Dover. It now Dur- is be a town in 1669. —Part of Portsmouth. It is how Newcastle.. These six towns, except Portsmouth, were incorporated by Massachusetts." At the time New-Hampshire became a separate jurisdiction, it appears that Oyster River was again considered a part of Dover, and Great Island again as part of Portsmouth. October 16, 1672, Massachusetts, in addition, granted Portsmouth a village, about the bounds of Dover, which is thought to have been Newington. the time Charles II acknowledged the claim of Mason to At New- Hampshire, he also acknowledged his claim to the tract extending from Merrimac River to Naumkeag River, in Salem, and called Mariana. Wanalaset, chief sachem on the Merrimac River, sold a large November 5, 1685, which was afterward assigned to New-Hampshire. The purchasers, of him, were Joseph Dudly, Samuel Shrimpton and Richard Wharton. The territory, thus purchased, extended six miles ou each side of the Merrimac River, and from Souhegan River on one side, to Brentou's Farm, or Littleton, on the other, up to the southerly part of Lake Winnipiseogee. tract of land, By laid order of Massachusetts, a reservation of three miles square was out, for certain Indians. Twenty proprietors, who were to �FIRST SETTLEMENT. 15 title for a company. To effect this, Mason a relinquishment of the claim hold equal shares, obtained the they acquired of Robert T. he made to it, and entered into a mutual agreement, May 12,1686, whole territory. This was called the million for the control of the acre purchase. June 14, 1728, the General Court of Massachusetts, after pro- tracted consideration, agreed that the vote pertaining to townships in New-Hampshire, Dec. 13, 1727, The should be carried into effect. vote was, for the better protection of the inhabitants, and to diminish the cost of defence in war, townships, each of six miles square, be laid out, by committees, in a straight line, from the north-east cor- ner of Northfield, to the north-west corner of Dunstable, northward of the said line ten miles, to the south-ward five miles, on both sides of Merrimac River, east of said river three miles, and west of from the north part of Dunstable miles, to the it six south part of Con- Jan. 15, 1736, the Legislature of Massachusetts accepted cord. the report of a committee. It proposed that, for protection and defence, a line of towns from the north-west corner of Rumford or Great Falls of Connecticut River, and from these on the east side of said river, to Arlington, and one or two Concord, falls, to the towns, between these falls, and the equivalent land on the west side of this river, be laid out. The demanding a further prosecution of on Wednesday, Feb. 2, 1737, "In the House of Representatives. Whereas the following order: several townships, heretofore granted, are now settling, and many inhabitants have actually got on Asheuelot River, and on a township granted to Josiah Willard, Esq., and others, lying on or near Connecticut River, and also other people are settled on several townships, on or near Merrimac River, which have not as yet been laid to or declared in what county they lye, and it being necessary that those people know in what county they be in order to have their title recorded, the King's peace preserved, and common jusnecessity of the times their object, the Legislature passed, — tice done therein, as other ince ; his Majestie's subjects within this prov- wherefore, voted that the said townships, granted to Josiah Willard, and commonly called Arlington, the two townships on Asheuelot River, the township granted to Sylvester and company, the several townships to the westward of Connecticut River, the four townships on the east side and adjoining to Connecticut River, and also three, four, eight and nine in the line of towns, and the lands �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 16 lying and being within the same, shall and are hereby declared to lie within and be accounted part of the county of Hampshire, and that the several townships following, the Narragansett towns, called number three and five, the Canada towns, granted to Capt. King and company, the townships granted to Capt. Rayment and company the township granted to the late Capt. William Tyng and company, that granted to John Simpson and others that granted ; to the inhabitants of Ipswich, the township granted to Capt. Gor- ham and company, Canada soldiers, the township granted to the John Lovell and soldiers at Suncook, the township granted to Mr. John Coffin and others, and number one, two, five, six and seven in the line of towns, shall be and are hereby delate Capt. clared part of and belonging to the county of Middlesex together with the lands and farms, lying within and adjoining any other of the said townships, and that the Canada township granted to Capt. Withington and company, and the township granted to Capt. Tilton and company, that were in the Canada Expedition, 1690, with the lands between these townships and others, belonging to Worcester county, shall be and are hereby declared to belong to the county of Worcester, and be accounted as part thereof for the future. In Council Read and Concurred. Consented to, J. BELCHER. Soon the arrangement was interrupted. As countenance had St. James, to the claim of Mason, a more explicit questioning of the territory belonging to Massachubeen given, at the Court of setts, on Merrimac River, the agent for New-Hampshire, John Ringe, while in England, stated the following: setts, in the reign of Queen Anne, taxed That Massachu- the people of his colony, who all resi .ed five miles north of the Merrimac, and, in 1719, claimed land for three miles on the same side of this river, from the mouth thereof to its head, which they called Winnipiseogee Lake and, in 1731, declined to relinquish jurisdiction over the townships that they had granted, which made their bounds eleven miles and three quarters north of said river. The plea made on these grounds, by Commissioners before the own King Bay dislike for the political policy of the to decide, April 9, in Council, with his 1740, far more favorably to than they had even expected. him New-Hampshire Legislature, led This decision was, that the northern �FIRST SETTLEMENT. 17 boundary of Massachusetts, be a similar curve, pursuing the course Merrimac River at three miles distance on the north side thereof, beginning at the Atlantic Ocean, and in a straight line from of thence due west, until By ments. est meets with his Majestie's other govern- it such a determination, expressly contrary to the plain- language of our shire. The subsequent marks, towns have the following accepted ; mark, New-Hamp- the dates after these pi'efixed to significations, No J settled. which had charter, the ensuing towns, first been granted by our commonwealth, were assigned to namely * granted : ; f plat so placed, indicates incororpation. The Indian names of towns are printed in italics, and their former. English names in Roman letters. New Style is used as to the years. Amherst, fDec. 18, 1728. (West) Souhegan, Salem NarraNo. 3. Granted for service in the Narraganset Expedition April 26, 1733 and confirmed in 1733. — ganset, Bedford, fFeb. 26, 1734. 5. — Granted in the (East) Souhegan, Narraganset, No. Benjamin Smith and to others, June, 1732, for service Narraganset Expedition, 1675. Boscawen, *Dec. and o.thers. Bow, | Feb. 1, 1732. 8, Dantzick. 1737. Settled about 1737. Contoocook. — Granted — Granted to John for service in Coffin Canada Expedition of 1690. No. Charlestown, fFeb. 27, 1734. first 4.— Took its name from the one of Sir Charles Knowles, who presented a sword to Capt Phineas Stevens, for his brave defence of its fort in 1747. Chesterfield, f Jan. 15, 1736. No. 1. Concord, * Jan. 17, 1726. Pennicooh, Salem, 1663. Irish settlers were here, right of grant, 1725. March 22, 1724. Settled about 1727. — Rumford. Granted to and claimed Peunicook, by Purchased of Massachusetts March Incorporated in 4, 1734. Dunbarton, and part of Weare, "("March 20, 1736. Beverly Canada, or Hale's Town. Stark's Town. Granted for service in Canada Expedition of 1690. Dunstable, * Oct. 15, 1673.— Settled about 1672. — —Granted to Joseph Green, Isaac others, for lands in Stockbridge. Acceptance of plat Francestown, f July 18, 1673. Walker and not signed by Governor. Goffstown, fFeb. 26, 1734. Township. —Granted Narraganset No. for service in the 4, Amoskeag Falls Narraganset Expedition �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 18 A of 1675. committee of proprietors dated a notice for their its meeting at Dighton, in 1736. Henniker, Jan. to No. 15, 1736. John Whitman and Hillsborough, Jan. 15, 1736. who sold it to 6, Todd's Town.—Granted, 1735, others. John Hill and —Granted to people of Plymouth, others. Fort Dummer, Bridgman's Fort, was part of Northfield. Resettled, 1739. (Township, 'above Northfield, was granted to John Pynchon and others, June 18, 1685. His petition for it that he proposed the reHinsdale, | Dec. 1, Settled before 1683. 1736. It quest to prevent " ye incroachments of ye French vpon vs on Con- who vndovbtedly, according necticut River, above Sqvakeag, what intelligence* I have met with, are designed to to possess yt place at Coassit." Parish of Dunstable. 1 1731. Nissitkset— "West Hollis, Powers, born at Littleton, Ms., and his wife, Anna Peter Keyes, born at Chelmsford, and their children, settled at Hollis, Jan., 1731. Hopkinton, Jan. 15, 1736. No. 5, New Hopkinton. Kcene, f June 21, 1734. (Upper) Ashuelot. Ordered to be laid — out, June 24, 1731. Lempster, Jan. 15, 1736. Lyscom and Litchfield, about 1656. No. 9, Dwpplin. —Granted to Samuel others. July 4, 1734. Natdcott, Brenton's Farms. Regranted, July Londonderry, J 1719. sachusetts, Dec. 1, 1720. 9, —Granted 1729. Nutfield. — Settlers warned away by Mas- — Lyndeborough, f June 17, 1736. Salem Canada. Granted to Samuel King and others, for services in Canada Expedition of 1690. Merrimac, June 6, 1733. Part of Dunstable and Bedford. New Boston, f March 20, 1736. Piscataquog, Lane's Town. Granted to Andrew Lane, John Simpson, and others. Had sixty houses and a meeting-house, etc., 1740. New Ipswich, * Jan. 15, 1736. Ipswich Canada. Granted for service in Canada Expedition of 1690 to John Wainwright and — — others. Plat accepted Nottingham, J 1710. March — Part 20, 1736. of Dunstable. Incorporated Jan. 16, 1733. — Pembroke, * Aug. 6, 1728. Suncook, Lovewell's Town. Granted men for service, under Capt. John Lovewell, at Pigwacket fight. Peterborough, f June 16, 1738. Granted to Samuel Harwood and others, for service in Cauada Expedition of 1690. to — �FIRST SETTLEMENT. 19 — Kichmond, f July 6, 1736. Sylvester's Canada. Granted for service in Canada Expedition, 1690. Rindge, * Feb. 3, 1737. Rowley Canada. Granted to John Tyler, Joseph Pike, and others, for service in Canada Expedition of 1690. Plan of it laid before General Court, Jan. 23, 1739. — Appropriation made for a meeting-house, 1743. Salisbury, * Feb. 3, 1737. Baker's Town, and Stevens's Town. Granted for service in Canada Expedition of 1690, under Captains John March, Stephen Greenleaf, and Philip Nelson. Plat confirmed, Jan. 2, 1740. — (Lower) Ashuelot. Ordered to be June 24, 1731. Tyng's Town, |May 1, 1736. "Old Harry Town."— East of Bow and Gofistown. Granted in 1735 for service, under Capt. William Tyng, in 1703, by "pursuing the Indian enemy into their own country on snow shoes," the first attempt of that kind. Soon Swanzey, f Feb. 21, 1734. laid out, settled after 1738. Walpole, Jan. Granted No. 2, to 15, 1736. John Flint and No. 2, Great Fall, Bellows others, Nov., 1736. but called No. 3 in a petition of its Town.— Marked on a map proprietors. Warner, * 1735. New Amesbury. Washington, Jan. 15, 1736. New Concord, Camden. Westmoreland, Jan. 15, 1736. No. 1, Great Meadow. Winchester, f June 21, 1733. Arlington, to its incorporation. Granted to Josiah Willard and others. Incorporated, June 20, 1739. " Besides these towns, Massachusetts by the decision in favor of New-Hampshire, Guildford, granted for service under Capt. Samuel Gallop, in Canada Expedition of 1690, and its plat accepted, Feb. Groton Grant, 3, 1737, aud other towns subsequently of Vermont or equivalent of 10,800 acres, for what was included by Littleton, Major Willard and Reed's Farms, and for loss in Indian wars, granted, April, 1735, and confirmed, Juue 15, 1736; portions of Salisbury, Amesbury, Haverhill, Methuen, Townsend, Ashburnham, Bernardstown, Colerain, Conway, and other territory." ; �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 20 CHAPTER Brief history of the War II. of the Revolution, Federal Constitution, Great Rebellion, Regiments, The war and of the Officers, etc. of the Revolution originated through the persistent determination of the mother country to tax the colonies, without their consent. The and reprehad no voice in the colonies maintained that taxation sentation were inseparable ; and that, as they The it had no honorable right to tax them. tax imposed, was in 1765, and called the " Stamp Act," which English Parliament, first ordained that, upon all business documents and newspapers, stamps should be fixed, which the colonies were. obliged to purchase of This Stamp Act met with such opposition that was repealed in 1766, but Parliament at the same tima asserted The next the right to bind the colonies in all cases whatever. year they imposed a tax on tea, and several other imports. Like the Stamp Act, it was met with powerful opposition. This tyranand nical course of England the colonies refused to assent to when two or three cargoes of tea arrived in Boston the people were determined that it should not be landed, and, on the night of De- the government. it ; cember 16, 1773, a party, disguised as Indians, boarded the vessels and threw three hundred and sixty-two chests of tea into the harbor. The English government were indignant, and were determined that the colonies should yield to their requests, and the colonies were quite as determined not to submit to any laws they had no part in making. At length, the troubles between the mother country and her colonies culminated in bloodshed, on the nineteenth day of April, 1775, at Lexington, Massachusetts, and ter- minated by the colonies becoming a free and independent nation. The people of New-Hampshire had always been loyal to the mother country, but, when their liberties were at stake, they were quite as zealous to defend their rights as those of their sister states �FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. and furnished pendence. their full quota of But our men to secure 21 our American inde- limited space will not permit us to give extended history of the war of Independence neither ; for every reader is is it any required, conversant with the history of the American Revolution. The Revolution produced, of course, its own heroes ; and New- Hampshire, to-day, feels proud of her Langdons, Weare, Sullivan, Stark, Scammel, Hale, and many others, who lent a helping hand in this great struggle for American liberty. On almost every northern battlefield, the blood of New-Hampshire's sons ran freely. At Bunker Long Island, Monmouth, Bennington, Stillwater, many other smaller battles, they assisted in sealing Hill, Saratoga, and in our independence with their blood. FORMATION OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. — At the close of the war of the revolution, our country what is now called the United States was divided into thirteen colonies or For five years States, with separate, oi'ganized state governments. — the states lived under a national confederate compact soon found that this compact had no strength in a national government. war and contract debts ; ; but itself to it was maintain The confederated Congress could declare it had no power to pay those debts, but only to advise the several states to pay their respective shares of debts thus contracted by Congress. In May, 1787, delegates from the several states (with the excepRhode Island) met in Philadelphia to form a National Con- tion of stitution. After a session of four months of careful consideration, and looking at the several interests of the respective states, the we now live, was and signed by the members of the Convention, September 17, 1787, and received the assent of the requisite number of states George Washington was the unaniearly in the summer of 1788. mous choice of the people for the first President under the new Constitution, and was inaugurated in the city of New York, April 30, 1789, as President, and John Adams as Vice President of the United States of America. As the central government of the nation is part of the history of New-Hampshire, and for future reference of our readers, we here- Constitution of the United States, under which drafted, �22 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. with append a list of all the presidents and vice presidents of the United States up to the present time. �23 THE GREAT REBELLION. Southern States openly declared, in their sion, seats, the right of seces- their intention of resigning their seats in the national and home to sustain it. The first hustile demonstration made agaiust our national Government was the firing upon the steamer "Star of the West'' which Congress, and returning was sent with provisions to supply Maj. Anderson, stationed at Fort The next was the Sumter, in Charleston harbor, South Carolina. bombardment of that forces, and fort its capitulation to the Southern April 13, 1861. The firing on Fort Sumter created a great indignation throughout the whole North, and, on the fifteenth day of April, the President called for seventy-five thousand troops, to serve for three months. Thus commenced one of the greatest rebellions that ever occurred any civilized nation, which Continued for four years, and over five hundred thousand men sacrificed their lives, doubtless they all thought, for the good of their country. But this national calamity brought forth some good fruits. African slavery, that had been the scourge of the nation for so many years, was forever prohibited, and to-day every person in our nation enjoys, under the law, every blessing which his Creator intended for him. New-Hampshire promptly responded to the call of the President, and the first New-Hampshire Regiment of U. S. Volunteers was armed and equipped and ready for the field, May 25, 1861. The officers of the First New-Hampshire Regiment were Mason W. Thomas J. Whipple, Laconia, LieuTappan, Bradford, Colonel tenant Colonel Aaron F. Stevens, Nashua, Major Enoch Q. Fellows, Sandwich, Adjutant Richard N. Batchelder, Manchester, Quartermaster Moses K. Hazeltou, Bradford, Paymaster Alpheus B. Crosby, Hanover, Surgeon Henry C. Shaw, Hanover, Assistant Surgeon and Stephen G. Abbott, Bradford, Chaplain. in ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Space will not permit us The officers. first to give a full regiment did not see of the Company fighting, but their list much duties were quite as arduous, if not as dangerous. They were on picket duty on the Potomac, the larger portion of the time on the Maryland side of the river. inarched through House, in When Col. Tappan with his regiment Pennsylvania Avenue, he passed the White review before President Lincoln, and thence two and one- half miles to his camp. They had scarcely reached their quarters, before a messenger arrived from the President, complimenting Col. Tappan as having the best and most thoroughly appointed reg- �24 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. iment that had thus far reached Washington. August New-Hampshire had out at Concord, in the service, een regiments of Infantry They were mustered 1861. 9, through the rebellion, eight- N. H. Battalion of New-England Cavalry First Regiment N. H. Volunteer Cavalry New-Hampshire First Battery First Regiment New-Hampshire Heavy Artillery, eighteen hundred men Company " E" First Regiment U. S. ; ; ; ; ; Sharpshooters shooters Go's. " ; National Guards ; " G" Second Regiment U. S. SharpMartin Guards Lafayette Artillery; F" and ; ; and attached Company of New-Hampshire Volunteers. The last four companies were stationed at Fort Constitution in Portsmouth harbor, making in all that served against the rebellion, nearly thirty-three thousand men. The Second Regiment were three years men, and went into camp Portsmouth, and arrived on the field just in time to participate in the first battle of Bull Run. The officers of this regiment were Gilman Marston, Exeter, Colonel Francis S. Fisk, Keene, Lieutenant Colonel Josiah Stevens, Jr., Concord, Major Samuel G. Langley, Manchester, Adjutant; John S. Godfrey, Hampton Falls, Quartermaster; and Henry E. Parker, Concord, Chaplain. The second regiment, being the first in the field of battle, saw more service than any other, being nearly all the time in Virginia, where more blood was spilt than in any other State in the Union. The regiment had on its roll, over three thousand names. The officers that have been commissioned for its own regiment, and other military organizations, are one Major General two Brigadier at ; ; ; ; Generals five ; Colonels five ; ten Lieutenant Colonels Surgeons; ten Assistant Surgeons; Captains of the regular army one First Lieutenant the Volunteers ; in ; regular ; eleven Majors three Chaplains; sixty Captains in the Volunteers; army ; ninety first Lieutenants in seventy-one sec6nd Lieutenants of Volunteers Captains and Assistant Quartermasters missary of subsistence ; ; three ; two one Captain and Com; and three Medical Cadets. The Second marched over six thousand miles, participated in nearly thirty battles, and lost over one thousand men. The most important battles they were engaged in, were the first Bull Run, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Malvern Hill, second Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Cold Harbor, and the battles around Peters- burg. They were mustered out of 19, 1865. service at City Point, Va., Dec. �REGIMENTS, OFFICERS, 25 AC. The Third New-Hampshire Regiment was the next in the field. Enoch Q. Fellows, Sandwich, Colonel John H. Jackson, Portsmouth, Lieut. Colonel; John Bedel, Major; A. A. Moulton, Surg. ; This regiment did good service in South Cai'olina and Virginia. They were of them. in many a hard-fought battle and lost heavily in some They were at James and several other battles. At Wagner and its siege, Bermuda Hundred, Deep Run, Island, Fort Drury's Bluff, Half-way House, Wagner, they lost at Deep Run, as a brave and effi- the battle of Fort one hundred and four men, killed and wounded They ninety-three. , eient regiment, July stood high in the service and were an honor to the State. ; Mustered out, 20, 1865. The Fourth Regiment was organized at Manchester, and mus- — The officers were Thomas Whipple, Laconia, Colonel; Louis Bell, Farmiugton, Lieut. tered into service in September, 1861. J. Colonel Jeremiah D. Drew, Salem, Major ; ; Henry W. Fuller, Concord, Adjutant; and John L. Kelley, Manchester, Quartermaster. The Fourth Regiment did good service in the field. When they New-Hampshire they went to Washington, and went into camp left near Bladensburg Toll-gate. Nov. 29th, they arrived at Port The regiment remained in South Carolina about three months, when they sailed for Fernandina, arriving there, March 5, 1862. They performed valuable service in the South, Royal, S. C. and were Richmond. We have not the movements of this regiment through was considered one of New- Hampshire's best regi- in several battles before we could wish records the war, but it Mustered ments. out, of the Aug 23, 1865. The Fifth Regiment was organized at Concord, and mustered into service, October 26, 1861. The officers were Edward E. Cross, Lancaster, Colonel Samuel G. Langley, Manchester, Lieut. ColoWilliam W. Cook, Derry, Major; Charles Dodd, Boston, nel Mass., Adjutant; Edmund M. Webber, Somersworth, Quartermaster Luther M. Knight, Franklin, Surgeon and Elijah R. ; ; ; ; Wilkins, Lisbon, Chaplain. Through the winter of 1861-2, the Fifth were in the vicinity of Washington, on the Virginia side of the Potomac, doing picket and drill duty, and perfecting themselves for the coming spring campaign. On the fourth of April, they embarked at Alexandria for the Peninsula, and landed near Ship Point, Virginia, and went �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 26 through that memorable campaign, under Gen. Richmond, summer Me Clellan, before They were engaged in the battles of Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, and all through the seven days' fight before Richmond to Harrison's Landing. From Harrison's Landing they sailed for Washington, and arrived in time to assist Gen. Pope, who was hard pressed by Lee's Army, and from thence they marched to Antietam, and were engaged in that great battle. At the battle of Fair Oaks, Col. Cross and Maj. Cook were severely in the of 1862. wounded. We have a list of the casualties of the Fifth, in their first year's campaign Two officers killed and 17 wounded, 60 enlisted men killed, 240 wounded, and 16 missing, besides 69 who died in hospitals making a total of 404 men. Through all the subsequent years of the war, the Fifth took the front rank. At Fredericksburg Maj. Sturtevant was killed, and Col. Cross was killed at the great battle of Gettysburg. Mustered out, June 28, 1865. The Sixth Regiment was organized at Keene, and left for the The officers were Nelson Converse, seat of war, Dec. 25, 1861. Marlborough, Colonel Simon G. Griffin, Concord, Lieut. Colonel Phin P. Bixby, Concord, Charles Scott, Peterborough, Major Adjutant; Alonzo Nute, Farmington, Quartermaster; William A. Tracy, Nashua, Surgeon; and Robert Stinson, Croydon, Chaplain. Soon after the arrival of the Sixth at Washington, they were assigned to Gen. Burnside's Division, and proceeded to Hatteras, They performed some valuable service in North Inlet, N. C. : — ; ; ; Carolina, but returned to Virginia in time to participate in the battles of Second Bull Run, Chantilla, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, and some other battles. In some of these engagements they lost very heavily. The Sixth was at the siege of Vicksburg and capture of Jackson, Miss., and all through the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania Court House, North Anna, Bowling Green, Cold Harbor, Bethesda Church, and arrived before Petersburg, June 19, 1864. regiment. They were Petersburg, where no It was a hard-marching and hard-fighting mine explosion before in the unfortunate commanding officer could be, or ever has been, found willing to take the responsibility of that needless disaster. They did good plainly shows. service for their country, as their record Mustered out, July 17, 1865. The "Seventh Regiment" was organized at Manchester, under �REGIMENTS, OFFICERS, 27 AC. The the immediate supervision of Gen. Joseph C. Abbott. were Halderman Putnam, Cornish, Colonel officers Joseph C. Abbott, Manchester, Lieut. Colonel; Daniel Smith, Dover, Major; Thomas A. Henderson, Dover, Adjutant Andrew H. Young, Dover, QuarS. ; ; W William Brown, Manchester, Surgeon and James C. Emerson, Fisherville, Chaplain, The Seventh moved from Manchester to New York, Jan. 16, 1862. Feb. 13 they sailed for Tortugas, then they went to Beaufort, then to St. Augustine and Fernandina, Florida. In June, 1863, they sailed for Hilton Head. Up to this date they had done picket, garrison and fatigue duty the larger portion of the time, and being in a malarious country, they had lost nearly two hundred men. The first battle of any importance they were engaged in, was the unsuccessful assault on Fort Wagner, S. C. In this attack, Col. Putnam, Capt. Brown, Lieuts. Baker, Cate, Bennett, and Brown were killed, and four more officers died within a few days after the battle. Their whole loss in killed and wounded was two hundred and twelve men. On the 20th of December, they were again ordered to Florida, and placed under command of Gen. Seymour. February 20 the whole of Seymour's forces moved towards Lake City. After a march of fourteen miles they met the enemy in force at Olusta, and a fierce battle ensued, in which the northern forces were defeated. In this engagement the Seventh lost 209 men, in killed wounded and missing. May first they were ordered to Virginia, and landed at Bermuda Hundred, May 6, 1864. They were engaged in many of the battles before Richmond, mostly on the north side of James River, and lost many valuable officers and men. Although in not quite as many battles as some of the NewHampshire regiments, they faced the enemy with as much courage and fought with as much determination to secure victory as any regiment in the service. Mustered out July 20, 1865. The Eighth Regiment went into camp at Manchester and was mustered into service of the United States, December 23, 1861. The officers of this Regiment were Hawks Fearing, Jr., Manchester, Colonel Oliver W. Lull, Milford, Lieut. Colonel MorOrrin M. Head, Exeter, Adjutant rill B. Smith, Concord, Major Charles A. Putney, Manchester, Quartermaster Samuel G. Dearborn, Milford, Surgeon (but resigned) and Daniel P. Cilley, Farmtermaster ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ington, Chaplain. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 28 The Eighth left their camp in Manchester, for dence, in Boston Harbor, Jan. 24, 1862. all arrived safe at ship Island, near the camp River, and went into the command at the of General Butler. Fort Indepen- March 27 the regiment mouth of the Mississippi upper end of the Island, under New Orleans having fallen into the hands of the Union forces, they were ordered to quet, camp ParaThrough the summer they the vicinity of that city. in were performing guard and garrison duty. In October the Eighth was part of an expedition, under General Weitzel, up the Mississippi, and were engaged in a battle near Labadieville, in which they and forty-six wounded. In the winter of 1862-3 they were performing camp duty in various localities in Louisiana. The next summer they were under lost sixteen killed Gen. Banks at the siege of Port Hudson, and were engaged in both which proved a failure, not, however, from any lack of assaults owing valor, but to the impregnable position of the enemy's works. In these two assaults the Eighth and wounded. in killed They were in the two hundred and sixty lost Lieut. Colonel Lull was Red River among expedition, under Gen. Banks, considered one of the best regiments in the Army men the killed. of the Gulf. and In Dec, 1863, they were changed into cavalry, and called the Second New-Hampshire Cavalry, Finally mustered out of service, October 28, 1865. The Ninth Regiment was recruited at Concord, and lington Heights, Virginia, August Enoch Q. 25, Fellows, Sandwich, Colonel ; 1862. The left for officers Arwere Herbert B. Titus, Chester- New London, Major George H. Chandler, Concord, Adjutant; Carlton B. Hutchins, Lisbon, Quartermaster William A. Webster, Manchester, Surgeon and Edward M. Gushee, Dover, Chaplain. The Ninth arrived in the vicinity of Washington about the tim Gen. Pope was falling back, and Gen. Lee was pressing on with They joined the Union his victorious army, towards Maryland. Lieut. Colonel field, ; George W. Everett, ; ; forces under Lee. On Gen. McClellan, for the purpose of checking Gen, the fourteenth of September, only three weeks after they New-Hampshire, they were engaged in the battle of South On the seventeenth and eighteenth of September they were engaged in the great battle of Antietam, and exhibited uncommon bravery. They were in the battle of Fredericksburg, and lost heavily. After the battle of Fredericksburg, under command left Mountain. �REGIMENTS, OFFICERS, 29 &C. of Gen. Burnside, they went to Kentucky and Tennessee, and won an enviable reputation in the discharge of provost and garrison From Kentucky they went down the Mississippi, and landduty. ed near Vicksburg. They took no immediate part in the siege of that celebrated city, but performed fatigue duty at Harris' Bluff, twenty miles up the Yazoo River. Ou the fall of Vicksburg they joined the column that went into the interior of the State after Johnston's army, who had hung in the rearof the Union forces at the siege, and participated in the battle fought near Jackson, the 12th and 13th of July, and at the capture of that city. Soon after they were again transferred to Kentucky, and assigned to provost duty at Paris. In the spring of tomac, and were in through up 1864, they again joined the all Army of the Po- House the battles from Spottsylvania Court to the front of Petersburg, and in all battles before that mine explosion, and did good service would take volumes where we can only spare pages to give a true history of this popular regiment through their various campaigns. Mustered out June 10, 1865. The Tenth Regiment went into camp in the summer of 1862. The officers were Michael T. Donohoe, Manchester, Colonel John city, to the celebrated through the war. It ; Coughlin, Manchester, Lieut. Colonel Major ter, ; Jesse F. Angell, Manches- William H. Cochran, Goffstown, Adjutant Thomas aud John Ferguson, Manches; Sullivan, Nashua, Quartermaster ter, ; ; Surgeon. AVe have not so good a history, in detail, of this brave regiment as we have of some others. They were in the battle of Fredericksburg, and were constantly in active service, and participated in nearly all say, there the battles around Richmond. It is not too much to was no Regiment which left New-Hampshire that stood any higher in the service than they, and none that New-Hampany prouder of, than the noble Tenth. Mustered out June 21, 1865. The Eleventh Regiment was organized at Concord, and left for shire feels the front Sept. 11, 1862. Warner, Colonel E. W. S. The Moses N. officers Lieutenant Colonel James F. Briggs, Hillsborough, Charles R. Morrison, Nashua, Adjutant; Ross, Somersworth, Surgeon, ton, Chaplain. were Walter Harriman, Collins, Exeter, Farr, Littleton, Major; Quartermaster; than ; Jona- and Frank K. Stratton, Hamp- �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 30 The first battle, of any note, the Eleventh participated in, was They fought with unusual valor, for new two hundred officers and men. In the spriug of 1863, they were ordered to Kentucky. They staid in various parts of that State till June 2, when they sailed for Vieksburg, and were eugaged in that siege till its capitulation, July 4, 1863. They took a prominent part in the capture of Jackson, the capital of MissisFrom censippi after which they again returned to Kentucky. tral Kentucky, they performed a march of two hundred miles, over that of Fredericksburg. and troops, lost ; an almost trackless mountain, to Knoxville, Tennessee. They were engaged in that siege, under Gen. Burnside, and remained there till Gen. Longstreet was driven out of East Tennessee and joined his forces with Gen. Lee in Virginia. In the spring of 1864, the Eleventh again joined the army of They were engaged the Potomac in Virginia, under Gen. Grant. in all the battles in their march Richmond. In the battle of the and Colonel Harriman very heavily in all these battles, on to wilderness, Lieut. Col. Collins was killed They lost march to the front of Petersburg. The Eleventh has seen a There has been inscribed on their large amount of hard service. banner, by order from the War Department, for meritorious conwas taken prisoner. their duct in battle, " Fredericksburg, Jackson, East Tennessee, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Cold Harbor, Weldon Railroad, Poplar Grove Church, Hatcher's Run, Petersburg. ment was considered one of the June 4, 1865. On Twelfth Regiment. : This Regi- ' —mustered out best in the service the tenth day of August, 1862, the Gover- nor of New-Hampshire gave permission and issued recruiting papers to raise and officer a Regiment in Belknap and Caroll counties, it could be done in ten days. In six days from the date of the recruiting papers, the Adjutant General of the State was notified that ten full companies had been raised. They were encamped at Concord for drill, prior to their provided leaving for the seat of war. The officers were Joseph H. Potter, Concord, Colonel John F. George D. Savage, Alton, Marsh, Hudson, Lieutenant Colonel Major Daniel S. Beede, Meredith, Adjutant; Isaac Winch, MereH. B. Fowler, Bristol, Surgeon Charles W. dith. Quartermaster ; ; ; ; ; Hunt, Laconia, Assistant Surgeon, and Thomas L. Ambrose, Ossipee, Chaplain. �REGIMENTS, OFFICERS, September 26, 1862, they left Concord 31 AC. for Washington, and were placed in the defence around the Capital until the seventeenth of October, when they made a circuitous route through Maryland, and arrived near Falmouth, Va., Nov. They were engaged 23. in the bittle of Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, and remained in the vicinity of that city, till May April 30, 1863. battle of Chancellorsville and lost they participated in the 3, very heavily. shot through the leg and taken prisoner. Col. Potter was Lieutenant Colonel Marsh and Major Savage were severely wounded. They went into the fight with twenty-eight commissioned officers, and five hundred and forty-nine enlisted men. Three commissioned officers were killed, and fifteen wounded forty-two enlisted men killed, two hundred and twelve wounded, fifty-one taken prisoners and three missing making an aggregate loss of three hundred and eighty, or nearly two thirds of their Regiment engaged. July 2, 1863, they commenced the battle of Gettysburg losing ninety-two officers and enlisted men. July 26, they were ordered to report to General Marston, then stationed at Point Lookout, to guard prisoners. They remained ; April 11, when they more active and dangerous Bermuda Hundred, May Space will not permit us to give any of our Regiments, 6, 1864. the full credit that belongs to them. The twelfth were engaged in many of the battles around Richmond, and at the battle of Cold Harbor, and lost, in killed and wounded, one hundred and sixty-five men and officers. They have seen much hard fighting aud have done honor to themselves and the State. Mustered out, June there till service before left for Richmond and arrived at 21, 1865. The Thirteenth Regiment went into camp at Concord in the fall were Aaron F. Stevens, Nashua, Colonel George Bowers, Nashua, Lieutenant Colonel Jacob I. Storer, Portsmouth, Major George H. Gillis, Nashua, Adjutant Percy of 1862. Its officers ; ; ; C. Cheeney, Peterborough, Quartermaster ; George B. Twitchell, Keene, Surgeon, and G. C. Jones, Nashua, Chaplain. The Thirteenth left Concord for the defences around WashingThey remained there until the first day of ton, October 6, 1862. December, when they moved for Falmouth, Va., opposite Fred- ericksburg, arriving there three clays prior to the battle of Fredericksburg. They were in the thickest of the fight and lost forty- one men and officers. They remained at Falmouth till February �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 32 when they moved with the Ninth Array Corps to Newport The thirteenth of March, they moved to Suffolk, to defend position. On the 3d of May, at the battle of Suffolk, they lost 1863, News. that thirty men, killed and wounded. A short time after the battle of Suffolk they retired to the vicinity of Portsmouth, Va., and re- mained there until the Spring of 1864, with the exception of two Companies who were ordered to Fort Tillinghast on Arlington Heights, and were instructed in Heavy Artillery exercises, through the winter of 1863-4. May 7, < 1864, the Thirteenth mond, being in the commenced Second Brigade, first to move towards Rich- Division of the Eighteenth Army Corps, and participated in many of the battles around Richmond. They were in the battles of Walthall Road, Swift Creek, Kingsland Creek, Drury's Bluff, Cold Harbor, Battery 5 Petersburg, Fort Harrison, besides several smaller ones. The General commanding the Army ordered these battles to be placed upon the national colors of the regiment. The Thirteenth did good service, and were distinguished for their daring bravery. Mustered out, June 21, 1865. The Fourteenth Regiment was organized at Concord, in the latter part of the summer of 1862. The officers were Robert Wilson, Keene, Colonel Tileston A. Barker, Westmoreland, Lieut. Colonel; Samuel A. Duncan, Plainfield, Major Alexander Gardiner, Claremont, Adjutant Willian A. Hurd, Sandwich, Quartermaster William Henry Thayer, Keene, Surgeon; and Elihu T. Rowe, ; ; ; Plainfield, Chaplain. The Fourteenth left Concord for Washington, the latter part of Through the fall and winter they did picket duty on the Potomac River. In the latter part of April, 1863, they were ordered to Washington and remained there till February, 1864, doing provost duty. They furnished guard for the old Capital Prison, Central Guard House, and ten other posts in the city. October, 1862. Their duties, in the city, were so varied, that our pages will not permit us to give a detailed account of them. February at 27, 1864, they received orders to take transportation, New York permit to left or Boston, for the department of the Gulf, with the visit their New York for homes in New-Hampshire New Orleans, March before sailing. They 20th, in the steamer Daniel Webster, with seven companies, and Major Gardiner, in the steamer Liberty, with three companies. The Webster had a long, stormy voyage, but arrived all safe. �REGIMENTS, OFFICERS, AC. 33 The Fourteenth were again ordered New of Orleans — Maj. General 6th, they were ordered to the On to the first New week in July, the to guard duty in the vicinity Reynolds commanding. January mouth of Red River, for camp duty. regiment sailed down the Mississippi Orleans, where they again sailed north to join the armies Six companies went in the Continental, and the next day the other four companies sailed in the steamer General Lyon. The regiment was not united again till the nineteenth of August. The four companies went to Washington, and the six to Bermuda Hundred, and were in the attack at Deep Bottom. On the 31?t in Virginia. of July, they were ordered to Washington; and from thence, they joined Gen. Sheridan's Army, at Berry ville, on the 18th of August. The next day Major Gardiner rejoined the regiment with his four companies. The Fourteenth were in the great battles of the 19th and 22d of September and the 19th of October, at Cedar Creek. The 19th of September they lost one hundred and fifty men. Thirteen out of twenty-one officers were killed or wounded, Gardiner being mortally wounded. The duties of the — Colonel army of the Shenandoah were hard, through the fall of 1864. It was a continual marching up and down the valley, with considerable hard fighting. The Fourteenth was not in as many battles as some other regiments, but was considered a reliable regiment, and performed the duties assigned it, satisfactorily to its out of service, July 8, commanders. Mustered 1865. The Fifteenth Regiment was raised under the call of the President hundred thousand men, for nine months' service, and was for three The officers were John George W. Frost, Newmarket, Lieut. Colonel Henry W. Blair, Plymouth, Major; Edward E. Pinkham, Laconia, Adjutant; Ira A. Moody, Dover, Quartermaster Jeremiah F. Hall, Wolfeborough, Surgeon and Edwin M. organized at Concord, in the W. Kingman, Durham, fall Colonel of 1862. ; ; ; ; Wheelock, Dover, Chaplain. 13, 1862, the Fifteenth left Concord for New York went thence across East river and encamped on the grounds of the Union race-course, Jamaica, Long Island. They remained there about three weeks, when they left, in three detachments, for November City ; New Orleans. The first detachment left, Nov. 30th, and the other two respectively, December 4th and 13th. In due time they all arrived at Carrollton, near December 26th. New They remained Orleans, and were again united, in that vicinity all winter, per- �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 34 forming picket and provost duty. May the ninth, they received orders to embark for Baton Rouge, and sailed on the 21st, with 26 and 546 enlisted men fit for duty. They arrived at SpringLanding, the 23d, and took up their line of march for Port Hudson. They remained there, through the siege, till it capitu- officers field and were engaged lated to General Banks, July 9, 1863, two assaults made on having nearly expired, stores, in the The time of enlistment they turned over all ordnance and camp the enemy's works. July 26th, and embarked, on the steamer City of Madison, 111., going thence to Chicago, by rail, and arrived in Con- for Cairo, Aug. 8th, and were mustered out of service, Aug. 13, 1863. The regiment suffered much from sickness, which proved quite From July 31st to August 13th sixteen men as fatal as battles. died, and of seven hundred and forty-one men and officers on the cord, roll, only four hundred and eighty were ing Port Hudson for count of sickness, No home, many of fifty whom for duty. left After leav- on the way on ac- died. regiment in the service, for nine months, was ever more shat- by sickness than the Fifteenth. tered fit men were It faithfully performed all duties assigned was a good regiment and it. The Sixteenth Regiment were nine months men, and went into The officers were James at Concord, 'in the fall of 1862. camp Pike, Sanbornton, Colonel ; Henry W. Fuller, Concord, Lieut. Warner, Major Luther T. Townsand, Salem, Adjutant Albert H. Drown, Fisherville, Quartermaster Thomas Sanborn, Newport, Surgeon and R. M. Manley, NorthColonel ; Samuel Davis, Jr., ; ; ; ; field Chaplain. This regiment was assigned to the department of the Gulf, and New Orleans to Port Hudson. We have not an extended record of the service of the Sixteenth in the leld, but it was considered a good regiment. Like all of our regiments who went into Louisiana and Mississippi, they suffered severely from sickness, which proved fatal in many instances. In performed guard duty from nine months, one hundred and forty-three They were mustered out of service Aug. men and officers died. 20, 1863. The Seventeenth Regiment were enlisted under the months men, in the fall and winter of 1862-3. The call for nine were Charles H. Long, Claremont, officers Henry O. Kent, Lancaster, Colonel Colonel George H. Bellows, Major George A. Wainwright, Hanover, Adjutant Edward H. Cummings, Quartermas; Lieut. ; ; ; �REGIMENTS, OFFICERS, 35 &C. James D. Folsom, Surgeon and George S. Barnes, Chaplain. For some reason, never fully explained to the public, the Seventeenth was never filled up, but the men who enlisted were consolidated with the Second New-Hampshire. The officers were mustered out April 16, 1863, being in the U. S. service over three ter ; ; months.* The Eighteenth Regiment was organized at Concord, in the fall of The officers were Thofthas L. Livermore, Milford, Colonel 1864. M. Clough, New London, Lieut. Colonel William I. Brown, Major George F. Hobbs, Wakefield, Adjutant; Moses Samuel G. Dearborn, T. Cate, Wolfeborough, Quartermaster Surgeon and Anthony C. Hardy, Chaplain. The Rebellion being nearly ended the Eighteenth did not see much service, but some companies did some hard fighting before If the war had continued, Petersburg in the spring of 1865. doubtless they would have been as good a regiment as there was in the service. Mustered out June 10, 1865. The New- Hampshire Battalion First New England Cavalry. The officers of this battalion were David B. Nelson, Manchester, Major George T. Crane, Adjutant. This battalion did good service in the field, and was organized They were in the battles of in the fall and winter of 1861-2, Front Royal, Gettysburg, and many other skirmishes in their scoutJ. Fisherville, ; ; ; ; — ; ing expeditions. * In the fall of 1862 it was decided by the Governor and Council to raise three regiments, viz,, the Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth, each regiment to be raised from the respective Congressional districts, the Seventeenth com- The records of the Adjutant General's office show that more than the requisite number of men, in the third district, had, been raised to fill this regiment but the other districts failed to respond in full, and the volunteers for the Seventeenth were, by the Adjutant General, placed in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth, or enough to fill them up agreeably to the army regulation. It having been deemed unadvisable, by Gov. Berry, to execute the State drafting law, there was no way remaining, in the opinion of the Secretary of War, but to consolidate the Seventeenth with some other regiment, and the volunteers were ordered home for that purpose. It is due the officers of the Seventeenth to say that the failure to fill the regiing in the Third district. ; fill the Fifteenth and Sixteenth, was in no wise and that they used every exertion that the regiment be accepted for service, as a detachment, or otherwise. A special order from the Governor, was issued, complimentary to the officers for the degree of excellence manifested by the regiment in drill and discipline. ment, after its depletion to littributable to them, �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 36 The Regiment New-Hampshire Cavalry was organized at winter and spring of 1864. The officers were John L. Thompson, Plymouth, Colonel Benjamin T. Hutchins, Concord, Lieut. Colonel Aaron Wyman, Manchester, Major George W. Towle, Hooksett, Quartermaster George W. Pierce, Winchester, Surgeon. First Concord in the ; ; ; This Cavalry regiment, for the time they were in the much hard They were field, did Reams' Station, Winchester, Kerueysville, Waynesboro, Kelley's Ford, Lacy Springs, and in many skirmishes, where they lost many men in killed, wounded and service. taken prisoners. from this at In Andersonville Prison, Ga., twenty-eight men regiment died, and seven are reported as dying from starvation. The larger portion of the regiment were mustered out of service July 15, 1865. New-Hamsphire Battery was organized at ManchesThe officers were George A. Gerrish, Captain Edward H. Hobbs, First Lieutenant and John Wadleigh, Second The ter, in First August, 1861. ; Lieutenant. The First Battery left Manchester, for Washington, October They went into the Camp of Instruction and remained one week, when they were assigned to the Army of the Potomac. They participated in nearly all of the principal battles in Virginia. They were in the second battle of Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericks31st, 1861. burg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna River, Cold Harbor, and nearly all of the battles around Richmond. Part were mustered out of service Sept. 25, 1864, and part were transferred to the New-Hampshire Heavy Artillery. The " First Regiment New-Hampshire Heavy Artillery" was organby companies, at different dates, from July 22, 1863, to October 21, 1864, when it was formed into a Regiment of twelve companies. The officers were Charles H. Long, Claremont, Colonel Ira Mc'L. Barton, Newport, Lieutenant Colonel George A. Wainwright, Hanover, Major; Ezekiel Morrill, Concord, Surgeon and C. W. Walker, Stratford, Chaplain. ized ; This regiment performed guard and garrison duty at the Forts Portsmouth Harbor and around the defences at Washington in It was a fine regiment, nearly all of its members having seen active service in the field. But the war happily closed in detachments. and they had no chance to exhibit their veteran valor. mustered out of service, June 15, 1865. They were �37 REGIMENTS, OFFICERS, AC. " U. 8. SHARP SHOOTERS." New-Hampshire furnished three companies for this service Cos. « E" « F» & " G". The history of the Sharp Shooters has received ; less than its share of public notice, for the reason they were not connected with any State military organization, but were raised as United States Sharp Shooters, and were represented by nearly every State in the Union. The officers of Co. "B" First U. S. regiment were Amos B. William P. Austin, Claremont, First Lieutenant, and William H. Gibbs, Hanover, Second Lieutenant. The officers from this State, of the Second regiment, were Edward T. Rowell, Concord, Major Geofge A. Marden, Mount Vernon, Jones, Washington, Captain ; ; Quartermaster, and William B. Kaynolds, Surgeon.^ The officers of Co. " F ", Henry M. Caldwell, Captain James H. Hildreth, ; First Lieutenant ; Edward T. Rowell, Second Lieutenant. Co. "G", William D. Mc'Pherson, Captain John A. Moore, First Lieutenant and Edward Dow, Second Lieutenant. Co. "E" was mustered into the service of the United States, Their principal duties were on skirmish line and Sept. 9, 1861. heavy picket duty. Companies " F " and " G" were respectively ; ; mustered Nov. 28 and Dec. 10, 1861. These companies were in over thirty battles, and generally in dangerous positions. Mechanicsville, Gains' Mills, Malvern Hill, Second Bull Run, Fredericks- burg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, Weldon Railroad and Deep Bottom were some of the principal battles they were in. The " National Guards" were mustered into the U. S. service for guard duty at Fort Constitution. This company was mustered in May 9, 1864. The officers were James O. ChandJames R. Carr, Manchester, First Lieuler, Manchester, Captain tenant, James G. Burns, Second Lieutenant. The " Martin Guards" were mustered into the service of the United States for ninety days, July 25, 1864, for garrison duty at Fort Constitution. The officers were George E. Houghton, Manchester, Captain James L. Bailey, Manchester, First Lieutenant, John E. sixty days, for ; ; Johnson, Manchester, Second Lieutenant. Lafayette Artillery were mustered into U. S. service for ninety August 1, 1864, for garrison duty at Fort Constitution. The were John H. Tarbell, Lyndeborough, Captain Eli C. Curtis, Lyndeborough, First Lieutenant, Charles H. Holt, Lyndeborough Second Lieutenant. days, officers ; �NeV-HAMPSHIRE gazetteer. 38 — Unattached company of New-Hampshire Volunteers stationed and mustered into service, May 15, 1862. The James B. Gove, Concord, officers were James Davidson, Captain First Lieutenant, and Asa T. Hutchinson, Manchester, Second at Fort Constitution ; Lieutenant. "second brigade band." This Band was organized at Concord, and mustered into service Feburary 10, 1863. The names of the members were Gustavus W. Ingalls, Concord, Band Master Musicians, Albert Aspenwall, Lebanon James Allison, Concord Samuel F. Brown, Fisherville Freman D. Batchelder, Concord George W. Boody, Strafford Lorenzo M. Currier, Fisherville; Cyrus C. Currier, Concord John O.Davis, New Market Albert G. Furber, New Market Nathan W. Gove, Concord Frederick Hoffman, Concord Andrew L. Lane, Concord"; Jonathan C. Lane, Concord; George C. Perkins, Lebanon Phinehas Parkhurst, Templeton Ms.; Francis H. Pike, Manchester Warren S. Russell, Amherst Henry Stark, Goffstown David F. Thompson, Amherst Charles N. Tottingham, Keene, and Samuel : ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; D. Trusseli, Concord. They were stationed at Hilton Head, S. C. and sustained a high commanding officers. We herewith append extract from W. T. M. Burger, Assistant Adjutant General Department. " I can assure you, that you and every mem- reputation with their a short in that ber of your Band, stands in the highest estimation of every one in this Department from Major General Gilmore down. deeply regretted and by none more than myself. to see such another as Ingall's Post mustered out, July 4, Band Your loss is We never expect here again." They were 1865. The larger portion of information in relation to enlistments and movements of the various military organizations in the State, which served in the late rebellion, we obtained in the Adjutant's General's Office. Too much praise cannot be accorded- to General Natt Head, seconded by Governor Frederick Smyth, for efforts to secure an accurate record of in the war. To a all the regiments in the State, which served great extent, they accomplished what they undertook. In the commencement of the rebellion, officers who had charge of organizing the regiments in various sections of the State, apparently did not comprehend the magnitude of the war, or the fu- �REGIMENTS, OFFICERS, 39 AC. ture necessity of keeping a careful record of the names of all the soldiers, and, especially, the names of their places of residence, at the time of enlistment, and apparently forgetting that there might Up be more than one John Brown in the State. to 1862, tne was very imperfect. General Head, upon assuming the office as Adjutant General of New-Hampshire, in March, 1864, immediately set himself to work recor.l, as to place of residence, to remedy, as far as could be, this imperfect record, of vast importance to hence. many General Head's version of the sumed its had been duties, will give a kept. He says : which may be widows, twenty-five or even " office, fifty years at the time he as- more correct idea how the records No record whatever existed of thou- sands of New-Hampshire's bravest sons who had entered the service of the United States, in their country's hour of peril, determined to sustain the national government, to defend our flag, to defend the and justice, and to perpetuate those free inwhich are dear to the heart of every true American. Hundreds of New-Hampshire's noble men, of whose names, even, there was no record within our State, had yielded up their lives upon the field of battle. Hundreds again had been honorably disprinciples of liberty stitutions charged from the service, and returned to their homes with bodies maimed and constitutions shattered, and yet the State possessed no record by which justice aud honor could be rendered these brave men. The military records of our soldiers to-day, as complete as in the who served our War Department at country, are Washington, and Gen. Head has been complimented from that Department, that New-Hampshire had the eral's office of best record of enlisted men, of any State This nearly perfect record, in the Adjutant Gen- in the Union. our State, has been accomplished through the untir- ing energy of Gen. Head, and when our soldiers fully understand the necessity of an accurate record of their enlistment, and of their services in the field, they will render to he is him the full credit to which rightfully entitled. The busy quiet to be seen in our fields, our work shops and our mercantile streets, would hardly lead any one to believe that our country, from centre to circumference, less than nine years ago, re- sounded with the clash of arms, and many of New-Hampshire's sons were engaged in deadly conflict, to sustain the free institutions which to-day w e are so peacefully enjoying. in this case, seems a fiction. T But truth, apparently, �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 40 TABULAR STATEMENT, Showing the number of Soldiers which each town furnished on the call of July, number of Soldiers who were killed in, or died from the effects of the late Rebellion; number of Enrolled Militia in the State in 1872 and amount of the Municipal War Loan awarded to each town. and subsequent 1862, calls; the BELKNAP COUNTY. ROCKINGHAM COUNTY. '3 B Atkinson 14] Auburn Brentwood 12 * Candia Chester 20 10 Danville Deerfield , 48 , 30 12 Derry East Kingston., Epping Exeter Freemont Gosport Greenland 20 187 312 92 17 49 142 171 86 Hampstead Hamilton Hampton 1 80 94 111 207 144 82 231 234 73 Falls., KeusingtoD 83 Kingston, Londonderry 150 126 New 107 Castle Newington Market 62 358 140 110 164 189 New Newton North Hampton Northwood Nottingham 91 Plaistow Portsmouth 590 163 168 253 69 251 Raymond Rye Salem Sandown Seabrook South Hampton 48 Newmarket. 129 71 So. Stratham Windham 70 Total, 3,996 STRAFFORD COUNTY. Barrington Dover Durham Farmington.... Lee Madbury Middleton Milton New Durham. Rochester Rolliusford Somersworth. Strafford 143 f$3,4 66.67 6,275.00 6,875.00 11,450.00 6,033.33 3,383.33 15.233.33 9,625 00 5,266.67 11,200.00 20,575.00 4,925 00 ,900.011 5,175.00 7,014.67 8,875.00 4,450.00 6,606.67 6.600.00 8,736.11 5,533.33 2,450.00 12,583.33 6,733.33 6,400.00 11,341.67 9,306.67 4,100.00 68,983.33 10,300.00 6,233.33 10,816.67 3,458.33 11,991.67 2.933.33 6,705.55 5,575.00 5,458.33 �STATISTICAL TABLES. 41 TABULAR STATEMENT, Showing number of and subsequent 1862, from the the in 1872,- Soldiers which each town furnished on MERRIMACK COUNTY CONTINUED. Northfield.... Pembroke.... Pittsfield Salisbury Sutton Warner , Webster Wilmot. , Total, 3,505 5,170 HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. Amherst Antrim Bedford Bennington.. Brookline D'-ering Francestown. Goffstown Greenfield Hancock Hillsborough Hollis Hudson Litchfield Lyndrborough.... Manchester Masou Merrimack Milford Mount Vernon.... Nashua New New Boston Ipswich Pelham Peterborough Sharon Temple Weare Wilton Windsor Total, the call of July, number of Soldiers who were killed in, or died effects of the late Rebellion ; number of Enrolled Militia in the State and amount of the Municipal War Loan awarded to each town. calls; the 103 �42 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. TABULAR STATEMENT, Showing 1862, from the and number of Soldiers which each town furnished on the call of July, subsequent calls; the number of Soldiers who were killed in, or died number of Enrolled Militia in the State Municipal War Loan awarded to each town. the effects of the late Rebellion ; in 1872; and amount of the GRAFTON COUNTY CONTINUED. <5 Lincoln Lisbon Littleton.... Lyman Lyme Monroe Orange Orford Piermont Plymouth... Bumuey Thornton ..., Warren Waterville .. Wentworth. Woodstock ., �STATISTICAL TABLES. Commissioned Officers of 43 New-Hampshire Volunteers; accounted for in aggregate. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 44 ni paiQ •pauJtuaj ao pdjtqd'eo pan pajjasaa H CO trH CO * C- CM rH COIOOMf CO . mosud ffi H3 *- CD ~h •** "O CM -# t- r- lr~ )-* CM CM CO CO CM CO CO i-h rH . •joj paiunooon ©q o; jaqnina Qioq^ •)* r- CSS CO O CO l-OCNOOl CM CM rH CM CM C O CD CO ** iO CM r-t I < .l^t-t-QOHtO'TCr.M JC^CD^CNCOXCOCMCSS'rfrHeOTHK . •Qppms paptunaoQ -aj •peajn; siaaaiiSaj jeq^o taojj ejaijaeatf •jjosap o; Sapdraawn CO COi-1 ai :*oqg 00 O 0C ess- CM CO CO OS OS r-< i-H CM ^aappo-e £q paiHH rHiOCOr-COOCOCOCO^rHCOCMrH joj pa!junoooB youis 30a pan 'ino pajajsnm bba ;aetai3aj aaqw ;aasqy «, •joj ts pajanoopB .{[inpHJo ^o^j -d »OCMT*Ir-C1COOCMiOCMCO HNNClCliO -f 01 00 x » oonnw r- -f rt CM •# CMCM CO i-H n COrHOO"* CO •uoijob u] SatssiK •paSa^qosip i[q«jonoqsi(i •jaetniSsj jo jno «NiO«tD(OHHDlil<Mrt^H OHOrt pajomoJd NrtHOl^ artUCciHOHxi^CHi'NQcO'+jjeOHr h psuoissitntuoo-noa jo Bjaoqjo px» -uoissiuimoo 0} juamiSaj ui pBjouioJ,] •p9^J9B9Q £)!liqi3stp joj •sasniBO jaq^o pan peSjnqosip £[qnjoaon •nua^ jo noii'BJidxa ye yao paje^snn co <m i-i c-i r-> H Tj X X h N ;i -t O ^ + ® t- ^ H © -f H "f Jl O >C N ?1 N rH O H ^1 tl O CI rH rHrH CM CO CM CO CM CM ^- K5 CI •spanaiaioo aaqjo o| pojjajsa-BJX ^ tD 01 C r. H oo ^O'Nr^-^'MOOr-iOr-it-OOiO 10 OiiooonocarHrHCO'^ T. 1-" i-H tj4 t-H CCi OHOCD^Ctii-i-ciqh -# 00 O GO -# CM C CM h »t 10 -- :i ^CMdin-^CMCMCMr ' " OH^N3CSO»C«OOl — c -f i- -~ ro *m . u- i— i -+ : cr. r. c rH CO !> -f <M iO CM CM < * < :t-^iOOC-fH oc rt r. r- c: "O rr. ~ ! Cl 1Q co W H O -f ^ c H :! w * l- ^ x h< a r- H cm iO Tf CC t- * "! « « c » - H* 'C ^ C. C rH cm <f-HrHrHi-H CM CMCMrHrHrH CC' ©snaeip jo paid ^ -t- r-t r-i CMiCrHfM^CSSOt-CO^COiO^r•spunoAi jo paip jo painx CM rH CD CO'.O'fHiMOXHiOHiOQOOOJ ; . s s ^ 2 3 s ^ = , = - ^ s - . j t*- h» £ £I ; £ ffi JC0T?O©r*000SOrH0-lC0'*u0CDr-.cOi~; at -2 * -5 j- 3 3sa 1*! .* 3 ,— ,— , , ,—, r- ^ r- i— r- i-i rH i— I ®oq ^ r-/-: r-H �TOPOGRAPHICAL PREFACE. 45 TOPOGRAPHICAL PREFACE. In this portion of our work, we have intended to give as minute and accurate descriptions of the towns and cities in the State all of New-Hampshire, as our limited space would permit. in a manufacturing New country like ours, Business, constantly changing. is firms are being established, buildings are being burned down, and new ones erected, continually —consequently there may be some errors that cannot be avoided. Perhaps the readers to them : but importance fifty may or one find passages that will be of hundred years hence, it Many to those living at that date. may no interest be of vast portions of Dr. Belknap's History of New-Hampshire, are far more valuable to the inhabitants of to-day, than to the people his writing. A country like ours, in its who day of lived in the embryo state, is making history for the future, every day. But in the main, it is written for the general benefit of the peo- ple living in the State in this generation, to develop the resources of the various sections of the State, ignorance of which, has had a tendency to deplete our population and injure the State. chusetts while New-Hampshire, with a has less We Massa- counts her various histories by the hundred volumes, life as long, within three years, than ten. have personally visited all the cities State and learned their present standing the smaller ones, we have and large towns and in the business, while, as to co-operated with some of the officers of the town, to give us the general information required. The Town Clerks in eight or ten small towns have refused or neglected to answer our inquiries, after being written to two or three times. these few cases we have had In the manuscript of the cejjsus of 1870, �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 46 at our command, and have obtained the necessary information at that date. There has never been a time when New-Hampshire was making more rapid progress in every department of business, than been making for the three years past, and our only fear the march of improvement is it is, has that more rapid than our most assiduous industry can keep pace with, but we shall attempt to rely on the candor and intelligence of a generous public. We have endeavored tourists stopping give the estimated number of to summer from one week to three months in the different towns in the State, and the value of receipts obtained from this source, son, which and nearly if it is thought will average thirty dollars to each per- anything, all the it is more than that amount. clergymen up to .1800, The names of have been given from the settlement; and also the pastors of churches in 1872-3. fessional business, trade and transportation, are the The first pro- class of people employed as clergymen, teachers, lawyers, physicians, merchants, clerks, railroad employees, day-laborers, telegraph operators, book- keepers, &c. The number of or about eight State. this class, in 1870, and one-half per We have given all was over 27,000, cent, of the population of the the valuable information relative to the kinds of employment and resources of each town in the State* which will be of any benefit for future reference. The value of 1870. time ; agricultural products, The manufactories is taken from the Census of are generally taken from the present the schools, savings banks deposits and money are from statements given in 1872, under the law. at interest, �ACWORTH. 47 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS. CHAPTER Topographical history of all III. the cities and towns in the State, giving a brief statement of the surface, the quality of the rivers and streams; its summer soil, its mountains, lakes, ponds, resorts, villages, and manufactories; re- sources, churches, public schools, libraries, hotels, railroads, &c. ACWORTH. hoops, 5,000 bushels of shoe pegs, Sullivan Co. The soil of this town is strong and well cultivated 4,000 producing good crops of corn, wheat, oats and hay. Rivers and Ponds. Cold River, which takes its rise from Cold Pond in the north-east part of the town, is the only stream of any note. It affords some good water power which is generally improved. and mop boxes of clothes pins, 15,000 handles, 56,000 hoe handles annumanufactured. Custom shoe work, blacksmithing &c, are car175 dozens of rakes are ally ried on. There are five stores in town. Resources. Annual production of the soil $ 90,200; mechanical labor, $ 23,200 deposits in savings ; somewhat celebrated on account banks, $43,817; money on hand or at interest, $45,807; stock in of the large Beryls that have been trade, Crystals of Beryls. found there. One Acworth is of the Beryls was eight inches in diameter and was sold in the city of New York for $ 15,000. It was placed Cabinet at Vienna. Employments. Agriculture is the in the Imperial employment of the peoAcworth is noted for the large amount of maple sugar made $ 8,000. . Churches and Schools. There are three churches in town, viz. Congregational, N. B. Nichols, pastor Baptist, J. L. Wilson, pastor Methodist, John L. Smith, pastor. There are thirteen school districts ; Average principal and ple. length of schools for the fourteen weeks. there. Some years as many as 80, fifteen First schools. Settlers. year, The town was 000 pounds have been produced. granted to Col. Samuel Stoddard There and sixty-four others, September William Keyes, Samuel 19, 1766. Harper, and John Rogers removed is considerable manufacturing done. Thirty one thousand worth of shoes are annually manufactured, employing thirtyfive males and females. Over 700,000 feet of lumber, 200,000 dollars to this place in 1768. Rev. Thomas ordained 1789; dis- First Ministers. Archebald, �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 48 missed, 1794. Rev. John Kimball, ordained in 1797, dismissed in meted out to them by a peculiar disease which has afflicted their 1813. neat stock for North by Unity, Boundaries. east by Lempster, south by Marlow, and west by Langdon and Charlestown. Distances. Thirteen miles south science from Newport and forty-four west from Concord. against him. Thirteen miles to Newport depot, on the Sugar River railroad. Stage three times a week to Charlestown station, 7 miles, on principal Railroads. the Sullivan railroad. ALBANY. Carroll Co. This town is mountainous, but in the valleys the soil There are some interval lands on the is fertile. very fertile borders of Swift river. Rivers. Swift river, passes through this town from west to east and connects with the Saco at Conway. There are several small streams which come down through the mountain gulches, and furnish convenient water privileges. These brooks were formerly well stored with trout, as the writer of this can fully verify. Mountains. There are several high hills and mountains. Chocorua, is the highest mountain in town, and received its name from an Indian who was killed by a party of hunters in time of peace and before that section was settled. There is a legend that before he was killed, and after they had chased him to the highest eminence on the mountain, he pronounced a curse upon the white men who should ever settle in that vicinity. Many people in that section, have the superstitious notion that Chocorua's curse has been many makes years. its full When investigation as to the cause of this malady, it doubtless will find that the poor and Indian his posterity stand guiltless of the charges preferred Employments. Agriculture ple. is the employment of the peo- 300,000 shingles, 200,000 feet of boards &c, and 70,000 clap- boards are annually sawed. 2,800 pounds of maple sugar are annually manufactured. Resources. Productions of the soil $23,131; mechanical labor, $ 2,500 deposits in savings banks, $911. Churches and Scliools. Freewill Baptist church, Rev. T. Brown ; ' There are six schools in town; average length of schools for the year, twelve weeks. pastor. This town Clement March, Joseph Senter and others Nov. 6, 1766, and was called Burton till First Settlements. was granted to 1833. North by Bartlett, by Conway south by Tamworth and Madison, and west by Waterville. Area of improved Boundaries. east land, 2,986 acres. Distances. Seventy-five miles north from Concord, and twenty north from Ossipee. Portsmouth, Great Railroads. Falls and Conway railroad passes through station town, but the nearest this is at Conway, four miles. ALEXANDRIA. GraftonCo. Much of the soil in town is good and when proper- this produces good crops. There are about 2000 acres of valualy cultivated �ALLENSTOWN. hie interval land, which bears every appearance of having been once covered by New-found Lake. At the depth of twenty feet can be found stumps, trees, and traces of beaver dams. Lake and Rivers. A portion of New-found Lake is within the limits of this town. Smith's and Fowler's Rivers are the principal streams. The improved horse water power Mountains. is into Its summit is Tables.) $98,517; Productions of the mechanical labor, $7,400; money at interest, $70,35; deposits in savings bank, $8,000; stock in trade, $2,850. Churches and Schools. Union Distances. Thirty-four north-west from south-east mail By the express and ALXEIVSTOWIV. Merrimack Co. A portion of town is light, though there are some very fine farms. The town was formerly covered with a growth of fine timber, and great quantities of lumber were, the soil of this down annually taken the river. Suncook River is the dividing line between Allenstown and Pembroke, and affords some excellent water power, which is being improved by cotton mills, &c. Bear Brook furnishes some good mill sites. There are several Rivers. other small streams well stored seventy Enoch and four miles, on Bristol Branch Railroad. end of Rev. forty Haverhill, train, daily to Bristol station, thirteen weeks. Minister. miles Plymouth. length of schools during the year, First New about fourteen south- westeidy from with trout. Mountains. fifty Concord, from members, Rev. Cha's E. Rogers, Pastor. There are fifteen schools in town; average Church, to Boundaries. North by Orange* and Hebron, east by Bristol, south by Hill, and west by Danbury. Improved land 14,382 acres. divided two granite peaks, which can Rcsoicrces. of a large tract Chester, now Hill. Railroads. be seen for miles distant. Employments. The people are engaged, generally, in farming. 2, 100,000 feet of lumber is annually sawed. 8,500 pounds of maple sugar annually manufactured. (See soil, ation 229. Cardigan Mountain is the highest elevation, and forms the boundary between Alexandria and Orange. Its base is rugged and covered with a heavy growth of timber. 49 Catamount Hill is At the east the highest elevation. this hill is a precipice of feet, at the foot of nearly perpendicular, which is a cavern of Whipple, (Congregational) settled some in 1788; dismissed in 1794. The inhabitants of this town are largely engaged First Organization. Alexandria was granted to Joseph Butterfield and others, March 13, 1757. Jonathan, John M. and Win. Corliss, were the first settlers, in December 1769. its Incorporated, November 23, In 1821, its territorial limwere diminished by the annex- 1782. extent. Employments. in manufacturing and trade. One of the largest cotton mills ever under one roof, in this State, town. Over 11,000,000 yards of print cloth are annually manufactured, valued at $830,000. 30,000 pairs of sale boots and shoes built is in this �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 50 made, besides other mechanical The shops. total value of goods annually manufactured is $881,300. (See tables of manufactories.) The mills are situated in the village of Suncook, for a description of which, see Pembroke. Agricultural Resources. pro- ducts, §42,334; mechanical labor, $ 500; money $ 18, deposits in Savings Banks, 192,400 ; at interest, stock in trade, $22,800; $55,955; from summer tourists, $6,000. The and Schools. Churches church edifices, in which the people of Allentown worship, are situated on the opposite side of Suncook River, in Pembroke. There are four schools in town average ; length of schools for the year, twenty-seven Aveeks. Bank. "China Savings Bank," at Suncook Village. (See tables.) "Suncook Hotel." Hotel. John Wolcott, First Settlers. Andrew Smith, Daniel Evans, Robert Buntin, and others, were the first settlers. In 1748, on the west bank of Merrimack River, nearly opposite the mouth of the Suncook, Mr. Buntin, his son, and James Carr, while busily at work, were surprised by a party of Indians. At the first alarm, Carr made an attempt to escape, and was immediately shot down. Bunin and his son made no resistance and were not harmed, but taken through the wilderness to Canada, and sold to a French merchant at Montreal. They remained in captivity about eleven months, when they made their escape, and fortunately reached home in safety. Andrew, the son, died, in defence of his country, at White Plains, October years. aged thirty-eight Although the first settle- 28, 1776, ment commenced in this town prior to 1748, it was not incorporated until July 2, 1831. North by Epsom, Hooksett, and west by Pembroke. Area of improved land, 3,192 acres. Distances. Eleven miles from Boundaries. east by Deerfield, south by Concord, south-east. Bailroads. Suncook Valley, and a branch of Concord Railroad pass through this town. ALSTJEAD. Cheshire Co. The soil of this town is strong and productive, and as a general thing, the farms are well cultivated, and yield good crops. Rivers and Ponds. Cold River passes through the north-west part, and some of the branches of Ashuelot have their sources in this town. The water power is well improved. There are also a number of ponds. Warren's Pond, 250 rods long, and 150 wide, is the principal one. Employments. The inhabitants are largely engaged in agriculture —8,388 bushels corn, 8,500 bushels oats and barley, 41,300 lbs. butter, 38,120 lbs. maple sugar, and .4,697 town in tons hay, being the third the county in and the first its in production of hay, maple sugar. The manufactories are important. Leather board and straw wrapping paper is manufactured to the value of $ 16,600 annually. Scythe nibs and pail handles valued at $ 13,000 carriages, $12,500 ; 400,000 shingles and laths, and 750,000 feet of boards and dimension timber, valued at $ 11,100, besides edge tools, plows, chair stock, rakes, tin ware, blacksmiths, coopering, carpenters, harnesses, &c. The total value of �ALSTEAD. goods, of kinds, annually nil ufactured, is man- $84,000. There are three the post office villages, under names of Alstead, Centre Alstead and New Alstead. At New Alstead there are two churches, school-house, rake shop, Scythe nib and pail handle manufactory at the Centre, one church, at Altown-house, school-house stead, two churches, one large ; ; 51 respected for his upright and just dealings with all men, and through this course he acquired a handsome which enabled him to pass and quiet. One great drawback to the progress of the first settlers was the multitude of wild beasts which fortune, his last days in ease infested this section, especially bears and wolves, which were so $25,800; stocks and money at interest $61,988- deposits in savings numerous as to devour their swine and sheep, and sometimes assail The wife of the larger cattle. John Beckwith took her son Richard Beckwith, then an infant, and went to the woods to gather berShe placed her child on the ries. ground, and wandered through the bushes. On her return toward banks $57,276; $ 19,387. the object of her affection, judge of her feelings as she saw a huge graded school-house, six or eight stores, one hotel, also manufacture edge tools, paper, lumber, chairstock, flour, meal, &c. Resources. Productions of the mechanical labor, soil, § 123,000 . ; stock in trade, Churches and Schools. CongreUniversalno pastor pastor. ist, Rev. W. J. Crosby, Center, Congregational, no pastor. New Alstead, Rev. Charles Packard, pastor Methodist, no pastor. There are fourteen schools in town, two of which are graded. Average length of schools for the year, seventeen weeks. Humphrey House. Hotel. First Settlement. This town was gational, ; ; called Newtown, and was granted to Samuel Chase and others, August 6, 1763. In 1771, there were twenty-five families, originally besides ten bachelors. This lonely class cultivated their lands, and attended to their own household affairs, cooking their meals, &c. General Amos Shepard was one of the most prominent citizens of this town from 1777 to the time of He was a member of the General Court of New-Hampshire, and president of the Senate seven years. He was his decease in 1812. hear smelling and passing around her sleeping babe, while she could do nothing but silently wait the result; but again judge of her unspeakable joy, when she saw this voracious monster of the forest, retire and leave her unconscious boy unharmed. Rev. Jacob First Ministers. Mason (Cong.), ordained in 1782, dismissed in 1789; Rev. Samuel Mead, ordained in 1791; dismissed in, 1797; Rev. Levi Lankton, ordained in 1799, dismissed in 1828. Boundaries. North by Acworth, east by Marlow, south by Gilsum, and west by Walpole. Area of improved land, 17,714 acres. Distances. Twelve miles southeast from Charlestown, fourteen north from Keene, and fifty-six west from Concord. By daily stage five Railroad. miles to Bellows Falls, Vermont. ALTON, Belknap Co. The surface of �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 52 hard, and people, although the manufactures some portions rocky, but when are important. Over 125,000 pairs of sale boots and shoes are annu- Alton in is uneven, the soil properly cultivated produces excellent crops of corn, wheat, oats and hay. It ranks as the fourth town in the county in the value of its agricultural productions. Bays, Ponds and Rivers. Merry Meeting Bay, connected with, or a part of, Lake Winnipiseogee, extends south, from the lake, over six miles, where it receives the waters There of Merry-Meeting River. are several ponds, the largest of manufactured; ally boards, clap- 10,000 500,000 shingles, 475,000 &c, sawed; feet of boards, 400,- 000 bobbins, 37,000 gross of spools turned; besides shoe boxes, and made, and various other kinds of mechanical works carried on. The village of Alton is very pleasantly located, and is the seat staves of considerable trade. Resources. which is Half-Moon Pond, between this town and Barnstead. It is nearly one mile in length, and half 200; a mile in width. $80,072; $173,600; soil, $54,700; Productions of the mechanical labor, money $10- at interest, deposits in savings banks, stock in trade, $20,225, The principal elevaare Mount Major and ProsHill. The views obtained from summer tourists, $20,000. Freewill Churches and Schools. from Prospect Hill are varied and beautiful. In a clear day the ocean can be distinctly seen from its summit. Congregational, no pastor. At Freewill Baptist East Alton, Church, Rev. Mr. Davis, pastor. There are twenty schools in town, two of which are graded average Elevations. tions pect Summer Resort. The fine scen- and the varied recreations which are found in Alton, have ery rendered it a popular resort for At Alton Bay is the terminus of the Dover and Winnipiseogee Raih-oad and in warm tourists. ; s. amboats are waiting on the arrival of each train from Boston, to convey travelers to any point on the lake. There is a fine hotel at the Bay which is filled with tourists through the summer. Many permanently stop here, and for recreation and health, frequently take a steamboat ride, visiting the different points on the lake, and returning at night. The number who stay here for a few weeks or months, through the season, is Baptist, Rev. II. Ricker, Pastor; ; length of schools for the year, thir- teen weeks. Banks. Alton Five Cents Sav- Bank (See ings Tables.) Cochecho House; Alton Bay, Bay View House. Hotels. weather, estimated at over 400. Employments. the principal Agriculture is employment of the First Settlers. nally called The first at Alton was origi- New Durham settlement was Gore. made by Jacob Chamberlain and others in 1770. It received its present name by one of the principal proprietors from a town of the same name in England. It was incorporated, January 15, 1796. First Minister. ams Elder John Ad- (F. B.), ordained in 1811. Boundaries. North by Winnipiseogee Lake, north-east by Wolfeborough, east by New Durham, south by Barnstead, and west �AMHERST. by Gilmanton . Area of improve of the finest water privileges in the county. Babboosuc, Little Bab- land, 18,025 acres. Distances. Twenty-two miles and Jo. English Ponds, are the largest collections of water. boosuc north-east from Concord, twenty- Summer Resorts. The fine scenery in and around Amherst, has caused it to be a popular resort for five miles north-west from Dover, and about twelve south-east from Gilford. The distance, by boat on the lake, to Wolfeborough is ten miles, and to Centre Harbor, about summer Dover and Winni- Cochecho, Railroad terminus in this town, at Alton Bay. piseogee, or has tourists, who spend their vacation through the warm weather. One of the finest hotels in the State, is located in the village. Many private residences in the village, and in other sections of the town, keep summer boarders. Employments. The inhabitants are principally engaged in farming. Over 90,000 gallons of milk is annually sold, and over 30,000 lbs. of twenty-five miles. Railroad. 53 its AIUHERST. Hillsborough Co. This town was formerly the full Shire town of Hillsborough county but at the present time, only one trial term of the Supreme Judicial Court is holden, which commences the first butter made. There is one large foundery, and several other small manufactories. There are about Tuesday of May. The soil on the river is of an excellent quality, producing abundant crops. On the hills the soil is strong, and many valuable farms are found under a "Farmer's Cabinet," established here Nov. 10, 1802, is one of the oldest and most respectable weekly newspapers in the State. high state of cultivation. For many years, Amherst was considered the most important town in the county, but the grow- ducts, $146,746; mechanical labor, ; Resources. Agricultural pro- $36,800; stocks, &c, $19,900; money at interest, $21,104; deposits in savings ing cities of Manchester and Nashua are fast taking the prestige which made Amherst the Metropolitan town of the county, and, like some European nations, are dividing the power of Poland among themselves. But this venerable town will long be respected, both for the eminent men who were natives or citizens there, and as being one of the finest towns in the county, and having one of the pleasant- The 00 mechanics of all trades. in tourists, free ' banks, $ trade, $28,600; $12,000. from debt 192,086 stock ; from summer The town is at the present time, and there are but few towns in th State, where the inhabitants are more prosperous and happy, than they are in Amherst. Churches, Pastors and Schools. Baptist, Rev. Albert Heald Con: Rev. J. G. Davis; Methodist, Rev. George W. Roland. There are eleven schools; gregational, est villages in the State. average, length of schools for the Pavers and Ponds. The Souhegan River is the principal stream, and in its course to the Merrimack year, twenty-five weeks. River from this town, affords some school-houses, Value of $10,300; annual amount of money, appropriated for school purposes, $ 2,078.56. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 54 Library. Amherst Social Town Library 1000 volumes. Hotel. " Amherst Hotel," Thom- method of preparing it, but it must be boiled in a kettle or pot, in a manner similar the concluded as Saunders, Proprietor. to their boiling their liquid food. This town was granted by Massachusetts, in 1733, to persons then living, and the heirs of those not living, who had served in the Narraganset war of 1675. It was first named Narraganset Number Three," after- They therefore put in a quantity of the exotic herb, and having boiled it till they supposed it was done, they dipped it out and sipped of it, First Settlers. " Souhegan West." The were Samuel Waland Samuel Lampson, in wards settlers, first ton July 1734. January It was incorporated 18, 1760, under the name of " to Amherst " as complimentary Lord Jeffrey Amherst, an En- glish general in America, during It became the town of the county in 1771. Amherst did its full duty in the revolutionary contest. We append a few extracts from notes of Hay- the French war. shire ward's Gazetteer. The first settlers of Amherst, coming from the old towns in Massachusetts, brought with them the customs which prevailed at the time of their emigration. They were plain and simple in their dress. In living, they had few or none of the luxuries of life. Their fare was plain and substantial. They used considerable liquid food, such as milk, broths, pea and bean porridge. Chocolate was sometimes used, and was probably esteemed as one of their greatest luxuries. Coffee was unknown to them, and though tea had been introduced into the country about sixteen years when the town was had not fasted of it. The first used in the place was sent by some Boston settled, the first inhabitants friends to the family of the minister, who were unacquainted with but doubtless found it less palatable than their favorite beverage. Wine was a great rarity, and ardent spirits were rather regarded for medicinal purposes than as fit for an article of drink. Sugar which was known in this country as early as 1631 was used by them as was also molasses, but only in small quanties. " The most common conveyance was by horses fitted out with saddles and pillions. Two could ride in this way the same animal, and often times an A few infant was superadded. years before the revolutionary war, it began to be the practice to trot horses, previously, these animals had paced. The first or second chaise brought into town, was owned by Mr. Benjamin Kendrick, and he rode in it till he was eightysix years old. As late as 1810, he journeyed with it to Boston and its neighborhood. It presented such an antique appearance, that it was often called the First ' Old Ark.' " Rev. Daniel Ministers. Wilkins, (Cong'l) ordained in Rev. Jeremiah 1736, died in 1781 Barnard, ordained colleague, in 1780; Rev. Nathan Lord D. D., President of Dartmouth College, ordained as colleague in 1816. ; Boundaries. North by New Boston, east by Bedford and Merrimack, south by Hollis, and west by Milford and Mount Vernon. Area, 22,432 acres, Improved land 12,300 acres. �55 ANDOVER. Distances. Twenty-eight miles south from Coneord, and fortyseven from Boston. Railroad. Nashua and Wilto/i Railroad passes through this town. The surface uneven, being broken by hills and mountains. The soil, in many localities, is strong, and when propis erly cultivated, crops. yields $29,500; money at interest, $28,401 excellent Not more than one third of the area of the town, or 8,456 out of 29,883 acres, is considered capa- depos- stock in trade, $33,400; from sumtourists, $2,000; professional Churches and Schools. CongreRev. Howard Moody, pastor; Freewill Baptist, Rev. gational, C. B. Griffin, extends along the north part of the town it is an eminence but little inferior to Kearsarge in height, but its name fully describes it. There are several small villages, ; names of which are East Andover. Potter Place, West Andover, and Andover. Employment. The inhabitants are principally engaged in farming; but manufacturing is an important branch of industry. Among the most important of goods annually produced, is paper, $20,000, shoe pegs $20,000, Hames 'umber $19,200; grain $28,000, ground $19,100, cotton and woolen hose $10,000, besides lasts, welding composition, and other small mechanical works. There are also blacksmiths, wheelwrights, carpenters, masons, painters, &c. The total value of goods annually produced, is $128,600. (See tables.) Resources. Productions from agriculture, $66,257 mechanical Christain, pastor; Martin, pastor. There are twelve schools, of which two are graded. Average Rev. A. II. length of schools for the year, fif- teen weeks. The Kearsarge House. Hotel. There are several ponds, the largest of which Its water is very is Loon Pond. pure, and the scenery around it is grand and picturesque. Ragged Mountain Mountain. Ponds and River. ; ; $84,419; mer ble of improvement. the post office banks, savings in its business, $20,000. ANBOVER. Merrimack Co. $17,500; stocks, labor, Stages leave here on the arrival of the cars, in warm weather, for the Winthrop House, on Kearsarge Mountain, four miles distant. The scenery from the summit of this mountain is very fine, and visitors are largely increasing, from year to year. Andover was First Settlement. first 1746 known it as Emerisstown. was granted Brown and others, in as to In Edward New Britton, New honor of the captors of which expedisome of the grantees were engaged. June 25, 1779, it was incorporated under its present name. The first inhabitant was Joseph Fellows, who came here in 1761. Britton, in 1745, in tion Among are the deceased citizens who respect by remembered with the inhabitants, can be mentioned Dr. Silas Barnard, the first physiHe died June 25, cian in town. 1795. Dr. Jacob B. Moore, a poet of some eminence, became a resident here in 1796; died January 10, 1818. Jonathan Weare, Esq., a civil magistrate, and highly respected, died in 1816. Mr. Jona- than Noyes was respected for his charitable disposition. 1 "Potter," �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 56 the famous juggler and necromancer, was a citizen of Andover and The total value of manufactured goods annually produced is $211,300. (See tables.) Resources. Productions of the soil, $92,732; mechanical labor, one of the railroad stations bears his name, " Potter Place." First Minister. A Congregational church was established in 1782, and the Rev. Josiah Babcock money became the dismissed posits in savings banks, $120,710; Boundaries. North by Hill, east by Franklin, south by Salisbury, stock in trade, $19,815; from summer tourists, $900; professional business, $10,000. first pastor ; in 1809. and west by Wilmot. Thirty miles northwest from Concord. Railroad. Northern Railroad passes through the town, in an easterly and westerly direction. Distances. ANTRIM. ^ $44,100; &c, stocks, at interest, $13,700; $27,878; de- Churches and Schools. PresbyRev. W. R. Coebran pastor; Methodist, J. A. Cooledge pastor; Baptist, Rev. E. M. Shaw, pastor. There are twelve schools in town average length of schools for the year, sixteen terian, ; weeks. Hillsborough Co. The west part of this town is hilly but af- Library. Antrim Library Asso- ciation. a fine range for grazing.' There are some valuable tracts of interval, and some very fine upland farms yielding fine crops. Rivers and Ponds. Contoocook River passes through the easterly part of the town. North Branch River originates from several ponds in Stoddard, and furnishes several valuable mill sites, and in of the some parts of its course it is bordered by fine tracts of interval. Employments. The larger por- friends and neighbors. The town was incorporated March 22, 1777. fords tion of the inhabitants are in agriculture engaged but manufacturing is a very important branch of business in town. The annual value of sewing silk and twist manufactured is $25,000; 100,000 apple; hand seed sowers, and 300 horse seed sowers are annu- parers, 500 made, valued at $100,000; besides there are cribs, cradles, bed- ally window shades, paste board boxes, leather, &c, manufactured steads, Hotels. Appleton House, North Branch House. Antrim derived town in Ireland same name. Deacon James First Settlers. its name from a settled here in 1768. No other person moved into town for the next four years, during which Aiken time he suffered many privations and hardships for the want of First Minister. Rev. Walter Fullerton, ordained in missed 1800, dis- in 1804. Botmdaries and Area. North by Windsor and Hillsborough, east by Ueering and Bennington, south by Hancock, and west by Stoddard. Area 21,173 acres; improved land, 11,730 acres. Distances. Thirty miles south west from Concord, and twenty three miles north-west from Am ; 200,000 shingles of lumber are and 600,000 feet annually sawed. herst. Railroad. Seven miles by dailj �ATKINSON. stage to Hillsborough Bridge, on ; the cultivation of the apple, and the best fruit in the State is pro- Farming is the principal occupation of the people, but there are about forty mechanthe larger proportion of whom ics, engaged in making shoes. Thirty-six thousand pairs are annually made, and valued at $50,000. Resources. Annual productions are of the soil valued at $41,476; an- nual value of mechanical labor, at interest, $12,- 600; stock in trade, $2,300; ; but, difficulty in locatit was set off incorporated September 3, 1767. Benjamin Richards, Jonathan and Edmund Page, and John Dow were the first settlers, and came here about 1728. Rev. Stephen First Minister. Peabody, ordained in 1772; died in 1819. Boundaries. South by HaverMass., west by Salem and Londonderry, north by Hampstead, and east by Plaistow. Area, 6939 hill, acres. ing to its elevated position, and its quiet and pleasant village, is becoming noted as a place for sum- Thirty miles south- Distances. west from Portsmouth, and thirtysix south-east from Concord. Boston & Maine. Railroads. If the Plaistow and Nashua Railroad is built it will pass through Atkinson. from summer tourists, $6,000. Summer Resorts. Atkinson, ow- mer some and Rockingham Co. This town has an uneven surface but the soil is of a superior quality, and under a high state of cultivation. Much attention has been given to money to ing a meeting-house, ATKINSON. $16,287; originally a part of Plaistow owing Contoocook Valley Railroad. duced here. Employments. 57 ASHLAND. Grafton Co. Ashland is a small township taken from the southern portion of Holderness in 1868. The soil is hard, but, when Over 200 persons summer vacation and properly cultivated, produces good crops. The farmers find a ready sale for their surplus products, in Atkinson one of the thriving manufacturing village the oldest and most respectable in- Pemigewasset River Rivers. washes the extreme western part resort. spent their recreation here the past year. Schools, Libraries, &c. Academy, in this town, is stitutions in the State ; incorporat- ed in 1791. There is a library, connected with the academy, containing 800 volumes. The school is now under the charge of B. H. Weston, A. M. Churches. Congregational, Rev. C. F. Morse, pastor; and Universal ist Church. Valuation, $ 10,000. This town was First Settlers. named in honor of Theodore Atkinson, a large land-holder and a member of the council. It was of Ashland. of the town. Squam River, the outlet of Squam Lake and Squam Pond, runs in a south-west direction, and empties into the Perni- This river affords gewassett. some of the best water power in the State, enough at all seasons of the year, and a surplus. power Much of improved, but double the capital could be invested on it to good advantage. On Squam River, and Village. this is �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 58 on the Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad is situated the busy manufacturing village of Ashland. average length of schools for the year, seventeen weeks. The business, for the size of the village, is very extensive. There brary. are several large paper mills, two hose manufactories, woolen mill, lumber and grist mill, straw board (see table.) board mill, large peg mill, glove and mitten manufacto- was originally a part of Holdern- ess, and was incorporated July boots and shoes, besides many other small mechanical shops. 1868. mill, leather ries, Library. Bank. Hotel. First Ashland Town Li- Ashland Savings Bank, " Squam Lake House." Ashland Orgauizution. 1, stable, Boundaries. North by Plymouth and Holderness, east by Holderness, south by New Hampton, and west by Bridgewater and HolderArea of improved land, ness. office, 3,853 acres. There are also two church edifices, school-houses, bank, eight or ten stores of all kinds, hotel, livery express office, telegraph insurance, lawyer and physician's offices, and nearly one The hundred dwelling houses. scenery around Ashland is delightful, affording views wild, romantic and beautiful. Manufacturing Employments. and trade are the principal employments of the inhabitants. Over 600,000 yards flannel,. 1,200 tons manilla paper, 140 tons leather board, 50,000 dozens cotton and woolen hose, 175,000 shingles, 600, Forty-four miles Distances. north from Concord, and six west from Plymouth. Bail roads. The Boston, Concord Montreal railroad passes through the southern section of this town. and AUBURN. Was Rockingham Co. ally that part of "Long Meadow." origin- Chester called It was incor- 000 feet boards, &c, 20,000 bushels shoe pegs, besides buck gloves and mittens, tin ware and other small manufactories. The total porated June value of manufactured goods of all kinds, annually produced, is about $ 616,600. (See table.) Resources. Productions of the soil, $48,364; mechanical labor, $110,100; money at interest, deposits $28,870; in savings bank, $59,820; stock in trade, Lakes and Streams. Massabesic is the largest body of fresh water in the county, comprising an area of about fifteen hundred acres. It is about six miles long, and from two to four hundred rods $ 44,420. Churches and Schools. Freewill The soil is 25, 1845. is broken, but the strong and produces good surface crops of corn, oats and potatoes. Lake in breadth. Near the centre of the length, the Lake is nearly divided into two parts, but is connected together by a strait, Baptist, Rev. L. Malvern, pastor, church value, $6,000; Episcopal, some two hundred rods LeRoy, pastor, value church, $ 4,000. There are six school dis- town, but there are some brooks that furnish very good water power which is generally improved. J. tricts and eight schools in town, in length. There are no large streams in �BARNSTEAD. Employments. The larger por- 59 into the hill, in a northern direc- engaged in farming, who find a ready market for all their surplus produce in the City of Manchester, some five Shoernaking and miles distant. lumbering are the principal me- tion, chanical businesses; there being annually made about 24,000 pairs sixty persons spent their tion of the people are women's boots and shoes, and 1,870,000 feet of lumber sawed. Resources. Annnal value of the of productions of the soil, $ 67,843 value of mechanical labor, $ 10.400 deposits in savings bank, $50,924; money at interest, $5,993; stock in receipts from sum$ 3,000. There Churclies and Sulwols. are two churches, Methodist, Elder James Adams, pastor; Congregational, Rev. J. L. Gay, pastor. There are eight schools in town, trade, mer $ 14,020 average length of schools for the year, 17 weeks. Tourists. The beautiful scenery around the Massabesic, has atthe attention vacation in Auburn in 1872. Boundaries. North by Candia, east by Chester, south by Londonderry, and west by Manchester. Twenty miles south- Distances. from Concord, and twenty-one west from Exeter. east BARNSTEAD. well as the student of nature. The " Cave," on the westeidy side of " Devil's Den" Mountain, The entrance to Barnstead is one of the most wealthy agricultural towns in the county. lies, principally, in The land large swells, affording excellent grazing the soil is ; while easily cultivated and produces fine crops of wheat, corn, oats and hay. are some very On the river, there fine interval lands, be found in the State, than Barn- resort for the pleasure seeker, as will interest any stranger Belknap Co. Auburn becoming quite a resort for summer tourists. The "Massabesic House " located on the shore of the Lake, is a large and commodious hotel, and suitably adapted for summer boarders. The Concord and Portsmouth railroad passes within a few rods of the house. Trains twice a day, each way, arrive and depart. The Lake is truly a pleasing and attractive stead. River and Ponds. er is the principal Suncook riv- stream, and some fine water power. There are several ponds, the largest of which are Suncook, Brindle and Half Moon Ponds. These waters are well stored with fish. Plumbago and bog Minerals. furnishes iron ore are found in various sections of the town. Farming is the employment of the inhabitants. About 100,000 pairs of sale shoes are annually made; Employment. principal who will 500,000 shingles and 400,000 feet of cave boards and dimension timber, are yards annually sawed 10,000 woolen goods manufactured, be- this about five feet in height, and two and a half in width. It extends is summer and valuable farms. No more pleasant country, for farming, can is it. About height. in to fifteen feet many of lovers of recreation, and visit It is divided into numerous apartments, several of which are fourteen feet square, and from two pass. ; tourists, tracted about eighty feet, of sufficient dimensions to permit a person to ; �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 60 sides blacksmiths, coopers, carpenters, masons, machinists, &c. Total value goods annually is estimated at of manufactured $146,000. Productions of the Resources. soil, mechanical labor, §152,140; $27,700; stocks and money terest, $10,325; deposits in banks, at in- savings Knowlton, freewill Baptist, ordained in 1804 died in 1809. Boundaries. Northeast by Alton, south-east by Strafford, southwest by Pittsfield, and north-west by Gilmanton. Area, 26,000 acres area of improved land, 14,805 ; acres. Distances. Twenty miles north- Villages. There are two very pleasant villages. At Barnstead Parade there is a church, schoolhouse, hotel, store, saw-mill, and twenty-five or thirty dwellinghouses. Rev. Enos George was a from Concord, and eighteen south-east from Gilford. Railroads. Four miles to Pittsfield Station, on Suncook Valley Railroad. The Suncook Valley Extension to Alton, when built, will pass through this town. Also the Concord and Rochester Rail- resident of this village for over road. stock $70,179; in trade, $3,000. fifty years. He died about 1859. Barnstead Centre lies on the Suncook, about two miles north of the Parade. Here are two stores, hotel, town-house, church, schoolhouse, mills, shoe manufactory, several mechanical shops, of various kinds, and about fifty dwelling Churches and Scliools. Christian, Rev. J. H. Nutter, Rev. J. H. Davis, pastors Congregational, at the Parade, Rev. W. O. Carr, pastor; Freewill Baptist, Rev. M. A. Quinby, pastor. ; There are fifteen schools. Aver- age length of schools for the year, nineteen weeks. (See table.) First Settlement. Rev. Joseph Adams and others received a grant of this town, May 20, 1727. Settlements commenced 1767. In 1775 there town Hotel. ; were 250 inhabitants in 1790, 807. Shackford House; Cen- tre. A Congregachurch was organized in 1804, and the Rev. Enos George became its pastor; Elder David First Ministers. tional BARR1NGTON. Strafford County. The surtown is broken and face of this rocky, the soil being principally a gravelly loam. What is termed the oak ridges is of a sandy loam, rich and productive and easily cultivated. houses. in east er Rivers and Ponds. Isinglass rivis the principal stream, and affords One some good water power. fall in this perpendicular. river is thirty feet There are thirteen ponds within the limits of the town from which flow streams, considerable water furnishing power. Minerals. In some of the rocks, beautiful and perfect specimens of quartz crystals, and other tourmalin, are found. Bog iron ore, in considerable quantities, may be obtained. Cavern. About two miles from the center of the town, there is a remarkable cavern which is considered quite a curiosity by naturalists. The principal room cavern, is in this sixty feet in length, from �61 BARTLETT. twelve to fifteen in hight, and from Employments. ple, ing Agriculture is the employment of the peo- principal but considerable manufacturis carried on. Dover on the Boston and Maine railroad. The Nashua and Rochester, railroad now being By Railroads. stage to station, five miles four to ten feet in width. built, will pass 150,000 pairs of through this town. BARTLETT. annually made, also 2,300,000 feet of boards &c, 685,000 shingles, and 600,000 clapboards are annually sawed. The value of the potatoe crop exceeds that at the foot of the uneven. The of any the Saco it is shoes are town in the county. Productions of the $114,585; mechanical labor, §51,525; stocks and money at inBesources. soil, $ 15,700 terest, ings banks, trade, $ ists, $ 13,675 ; deposits in sav- $129,176; stock in from summer tour- ; 1,500.00. Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. Ezra Haskell, pastor; Freewill Baptist, no pastor. There are fifteen schools in town average length of schools for the year, sixteen weeks amount of money annually appropriated for school purposes, $ 1,658.56. First Settlements. This town originally included the town of Strafford within its limits, and comprised an area of 54,380 acres, but about 29, 120 acres were taken, in 1820, to form the latter town. Incorporated May 10, 1722. The first settlement was made about ten years later. First Ministers. Rev. Joseph Peiree settled in 1755, dismissed in 1768 Rev. David Tenney ordained in 1771, dismissed in 1778. Boundaries. North by Rochester, east by Madbury and Lee, south by Nottingham and North; ; wood, and west by Strafford. Area 25,200 acres. Distances. Thirty miles from Concord, Dover. five west east from This town Carroll Co. lies White mounThe surface is rocky and tains. soil is various; on very good, and fine crops of corn, oats and potatoes are produced. Bivcr. Saco River meanders through the center of the town and the principal stream. Iron Ore. Prof. Hitchcock, in his Geological survey report for 1871, says, that in the northern part of Bartlett, occurs one of the most extensive deposits of workable iron ore ever found in Newis Hampshire. For full details, see page on mineralogy. Farming is the Employments. principal employment, but lumbering is becoming an imporAbout tant branch of business. 1,500,000 feet of boards and dimension timber are annually sawed. Mills are being erected that will increase their facilities to 7,000.000 feet a year. It is also an important point Besources. becoming for tourists. Productions of the $68,312; mechanical labor, $ 5,800 stocks and money at interest, $9,158; deposits in savings stock in trade, banks, $368; soil, ; $ 1,450; summer tourists, $6,000. Churches and ScJiools. Advent, Rev. J. B. Dearing, pastor; Freewill Baptist, Rev. Spencer Kennison, pastor; Methodist, Kev. O. T. Sinclair, pastor. There are six average length for the year, fourteen weeks. schools, �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 62 East House, Bartlett Hotels. and Pequawkett Branch House House.. This town First Organization. was incorporated June 1790, 16, and received its name in honor of Governor Josiah Bartlett. Boundaries. North by Jackson, east by Chatham, south and west by ungranted lands. Area 13,000 acres; area of improved lands, 5,482 acres. Seventy-five miles Distances. north-east from Concord and about twenty-five miles north from Ossipee. Railroad. Portland and Ogdensburg railroad passes through the town. northerly direction through the town, thus separating the inhabitants, who find a communication only through a single pass in the mountain. In several localities Minerals. large veins of copper ore have been opened, which much appear to be of value, if properly worked. The Employments. of maple sugar are annually manA disastrous fire ocufactured. curred in Bath village, February 1, 1872, destroying the Congregational church edifice, Bath Hotel and several dwelling houses, none of which have been rebuilt.* A mill for the manufacture of wood paper has recently Grafton Co. pleasantly This situated in town the is val- Connecticut. The high mountains around completely shield it from high winds and ley of the inhabitants are generally engaged in farming. 200 tons of starch and 23,000 pounds commenced op- eration. Resources. $157,838; $9,500; stocks soil, Productions of the mechanical labor, &c, $ 32,500; mon- About one sixth part of the whole town is interval. ey at interest, $ 28,000 deposits in savings banks, $2,875; stock in trade, $ 14,250 from summer tour- On ists, long storms. the hills the soil is generally of a reddish loam. Much improvement has been made in agriculture, and it is now considered one of the best farming towns in the State. Large quantities of wheat, and barley are annu- corn, oats ally raised. Rivers the southerly part, and furnishes fine ; $ 600. Churches and Schools. CongreEdward Cleveland, gational, Rev. pastor; Catholic, no pastor; Un- ion church, at Swiftwater village, Rev. Arnold Adams, pastor. There twelve school districts and averag thirteen schools in town length of schools for the year, twenty-four weeks. are ; Mountains. The River passes through and Ammonusuc some ; water power. At Bath village a fine bridge spans the river, 372 feet in length. Wild Am- September 10, Bath was granted to Rev. Andrew Gardner and sixty-one First Settlements. 1761, others. The conditions of the at the charter were not complied with, and, in March 1769, it was rechart- Gardner's ered to John Sawyer and others. from the confluence of the Connecticut and Ammonusuc rivers, and extends in a John Herrimen from Haverhill, monusuc River Ammonusuc, in south-west Mountain unites with this corner. rises town the * The Church was rebuilt in the season of 1873. �BEDFORD. Massachusetts, first settled here in Moses Pike and 1765, and Mr. Sawyer commenced in 1766, settle- ments. In 1778, a Presbyterian church was formed, but in 1791, it was dissolved and a Congregational church organized with nineteen members. Rev. David First Minister. Sutherland a native of Edinburgh, Scotland, was installed in 1806. North by Lyman, Boundaries^ 63 three ponds in town, but it is supposed they are united beneath a which floats upon the and rises and falls with large bog, surface, the water. The town is watered by Merrimack and Piscataquoag Rivers, which afford some water Hirers. the power. Minerals. Iron ore, plumbago, hornblende, crystallized quartz, &c, are found here in limited east by Landaff, south by Haver- quantities. and west by Ryegate Improved land, 18,639 acres. Employments. The inhabitants are principally engaged in agricul- hill, Vt. Ninety-eight miles Distances. Concord and forty-two north-east from Hanfrom north-west 7,000 bushels of corn, 19,000 bushels potatoes, and 3.200 tons hay are produced, 5,000 clapboards, ture. over. 395,000 shingles, The Boston, Concord and Montreal and "White moun- of boards, Railroads. tains (N. H.) railroad passes through this town. BEDFORD. ly. and &c, and are 1,300,000 feet sawed annual- There are also a wheelwright, several other mechanical shops in town. Many thousands of bricks are also manufactured. Resources. Productions of the soil, $178,000; mechanical labor, § 16, 100 stock and money at interest, $24,000; deposits in savings banks, $ 146,875 stock in trade, ' Hillsborough Co. In part, the surface is soil is the west uneven, but the strong and productive. the Merrimack are Of late years much On rich intervals. attention lias been given to producing milk for the Manchester market. The value of milk annually sold is estimated at $75,000. Bedford ranks as the second town in the county in the value of its agricultural productions. Natural Curiosities. In the, westerly part of the town is a gulf and precipice, which are worthy of a visit from all lovers of natural Over the precipice a small river plunges, falling two curiosities. ; ; $ 17,812. Churches and Schools. Presby- terian church, Rev. Ira C. Tyson, pastor. districts, There are twelve school and eleven schools in town average length of schools ; the year, twenty-two weeks. First Settlements. In 1733 foi Mas- sachusetts granted Bedford to the officers, soldiers and the surviving heirs of those deceased, who served in the Narragansett war, under the name of "Narragansett, No. 5, or " Souhegan East." The number hundred feet in a distance of one hundred yards. Excavations in of grantees solid stone are and James S. "Walker, in 1737. Col. John Goffe, Matthew Patten, Esq., and Captain Samuel Patten, ciently large persons. found here, to contain There are suffi- several apparently was settlement was 120. The first made by Robert �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER, 64 were added to the settlement in Several of the early settlers emigrated from the northern part of Ireland. Silas Barron, son of 1738. Moses Barron, was born A. D. 1741 and was the first child born in south from Concord, eight north- from Amherst, and four west from Manchester. Concord Railroad Railroads. passes through this town. When completed, the Manchester and east town. In 1745, James McQuade and Robert Burns, who had been to a neighboring town, on their return were surprised by a party of Indians, concealed in the bushes, McQuade was near the path. killed, but Burns, by running in a zig-zag course, so confused the enemy, that he made his escape near Goff s Falls. On the bank of the river is a plot of ground supposed once to have been an Indian burying ground. Dr. Woodbury, in company with others, in 1821, exhumed a part of three skeletons one appeared to have been buried in a sitting position all their heads lay towards the south. Human bones have been washed from the banks of the river near these grounds. Ashburnham Railroad Hon. John Orr, a distinguished citizen of this town was in the battle of Bennington, under Gen. Stark, and received a wound in the early part of the engagement. He died here in January 1823, aged west section of Gilmanton, and runs in a southerly direction through this town, discharging its water into the Winnepiseogee River, and affording some very good water privileges in its course. A part of Suncook Mountains lie : ; seventy-five years. Incorporated May pass through also BELMONT. Belknap Co. of the towns Belmont is one most important farming in the State, ranking as the twenty-first in value of agricultu- The surface is broken with hills and valleys, affording some very fine scenery. The soil is deep, well cultivated, and produces excellent crops of corn, wheat, oats and hay. No town in the county, in proportion to the number of acres cultivated, exceeds Belmont in value of agricul- ral products. tural products. Streams and Mountains. A con- siderable stream rises in the north- in 19, 1750. will it. the north-east section of the Rev. John Houston, (Presby.) ordained in 1758, died in 1778; Rev. David Mc Gregor settled in 1804. A Pres- town. byterian Church ists, First Ministers. was formed in Scenery. The beautiful and ro- mantic scenery of this town at- many tourthrough the warm tracts the attention of who visit it Boundaries and Area. North by Goffstown, east by Merrimack River, which separates it from season of the year. There is a pleasant and busy village called Factory Village. Agricidture is Employments. Manchester, south by Merrimack nnd west by Amherst and New Boston. Area, 20,000 acres. Im- people, although manufacturing is carried on to a considerable extent. 1757. proved land Distances. 11,781 acres. Twenty-one the principal employment of the 700,000 feet of boards, miles &c., and 450,000 shingles are annually pro- �BENNINGTON. duced, and 86,000 dozen pairs of womens' cotton hose are annually manufactured. Resources. soil, §165,980; Productions of the mechanical labor, $48,400; stocks and money terest, $22,400; deposits in banks, $92,470 ; at in- savings stock in trade, $6, from summer tourists, $10,000. Churches and Schools. 1st Freewill Baptist Church, Rev. J. L. Sinclair, pastor; 2d Freewill Baptist Church, Rev. J. Davis Pastor Christian Church, Rev. A. Kidder, pastor. There are twelve school districts in this town, and fourteen schools. Average length of schools for the year, sixteen weeks. Hotels. Belmont House American House. This town First Organization. was disannexed from Gilmanton, June 28, 1859, and called Upper Gilmanton, but was changed to Belmont in July, 1869. For first settlers see Gilmanton. Boundaries. North-east by GilGilmanton, ford, south-east by south-west by Canterbury and north-west by Northfield, ami Winnepiseogee River and Lake Area of imWinnesquame. proved land, 10,625 acres. Twenty-four miles Distances. north from Concord, and four south from Gilford. Railroads. Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad passes through 812; ; the north-western section of this town. By daily stage to Tilton The Franklin and Rochester Railroad will pass through here when completed. Station, six miles. BENNINGTON. Hillsborough Co. The surtown is uneven, but face of this the soil is productive when proper- 65 Bennington cultivated. ly is a small township taken from Deering, Francestown, Greenfield and Hancock, in 1842. Hirers. Contoocook River passes through this town and affords good water power which is generally improved. Employments. The inhabitants are largely engaged in manufacturing. The manufactory of cutlery is very extensive; over 450 tons of paper are annually produced and 450,000 feet of lumber annually sawed; besides powder, barrels, kits, &c., are made. Bennington Village is a busy and en; ergetic place for business. The annual value of manufactured goods produced in town is $161,500. (See tables.) Resources. soil, $21,487; Productions of the mechanical labor, $29,400; stocks, &c, and money deposits in savings banks, $30,294; stock in at interest, $15,850; trade, $22,450. Churches and Schools. gational, Rev. Congre- James Holmes pas- There are five schools in town. Average length of schools for the year, sixteen weeks. In the summer of 1871 a graded school building was erected at an expense of $3,800. It is worthy of notice that after the first term of tor. eleven weeks, with eighty scholars in both departments, not a single scratch upon the desks, nor a single mark upon the walls of the school room could be discovered. Library. Bennington Social Library 400 vols. — Hotel. Washington House. Boundaries. North by Deering, east by Francestown, south by Francestown and Greenfield, and west by Hancock and Antrim. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 66 Acres of improved land, 3,299. Railroads. Ten miles by daily stage to Hillsborough Bridge, on the Contoocook Valley Railroad; also daily stage to Wilton, fifteen miles on the Wilton Railroad. The Peterborough and Hillsborough Railroad will pass through Bennington when built. BENTON. Grafton Co. Pond is Beaver Meadow the only considerable sheet of water in this town. It abounds Oliverian river, so with trout. called from a into it Mr. Oliver, who (Oliver is in fell "Oliverian''''), through the south part. Tunnel brook is in the north part, flows and Baker River, the Asquamchumawke, rising in a small pond on Moosehillock, runs easterly The centre of into Woodstock. the town is studded with mounSugar-loaf Mountain tain peaks. is very symmetrical, and Owl's Head is most fertile in blueberries, thousands of bushels being picked on its summit each year. An im- mense precipice, called the Face, mountain, and when the country was first settled, a deer, and a hound pursuing, leaped over the brink and fell a hundred fathoms down. The deer was killed, but the hound, save a broken leg, »seaped uninjured. Black Mt. is densely wooded, and Moosehillock ranks among the highest mounis on this New-Hampshire. Benton Avas Settlers. granted, January 31, 1764, to Theophilus Fitch, and it was settled in that part called High Street by Obadiah Eastman, shortly after the commencement of the Revolution. James Page settled soon after on Oliverian meadows, and tains in First William Whitcher was the first settler of North Benton. He was the father of sixteen children who lived to grow up, all very tall, and " there are more than a hundred feet of Whitehers in William Whitcher's family," was a true and very common expression. Dick French, a noted hunter and wolf-killer, formerly lived at the north part. Name. Coventry was the first name, but it was changed to Benton in honor of Hon. Thomas II. Benton, Dec. 4, 1840. Employments. There are some good and productive farms among the mountains, excellent crops are raised, much maple sugar is made, and the farmers lead pleasant lives. About one million feet of lumber are annually manufactured and sent to market. Summer Tourists. Moosehillock, called by the Indians Moosilauke, from mosi, bald, and auke, a place Bald-place, has been a noted resort for many years. There is a tradition that Waternomee, an Indian chief, ascended Robert Pomeroy, it about 1685. one of Rogers' Rangers, died on it in 1759. Chase Whitcher, father of Wni. Whitcher, was the first white settler, and Mrs. Daniel Patch the first white woman who climbed it. Amos F.Clough, photographer, and Prof. J. II. Huntington, of the State Geological Survey, spent the winter of 1869 and 1870 on its summit, being pioneers of mountain heterology, and the first men who ever achieved so — perilous a feat. There are two bridle paths leading to the top of — mountain one from North Benton and one from High Street, and from East Warren is a good the �BERLIN. 67 turnpike. The Prospect House, a small hotel, built of stone, on the a fine opportunity for lumbering. Rivers. The Androscoggin pass- is kept by James Clement, and he has hundreds of visitors each season. No other es mountain in New-Hampshire affords so grand a view. Five states, Maine, New-Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, and New York, with a part of Canada, are spread out beneath. The White Mountains, the Green Mountains, and some of the elevations in town, a fine view of the White Mountains highest peak, the Adirondacks, more than a thousand different peaks, shoot up around. The Connecticut, Asquamchumauke, Pemigewassett, and Ammonoosuc rivers are at the mountain's base. Forty lakes and ponds are visible, and, in the distance, on a clear day, is seen the ocean. Minerals. tals, in Perfect quartz crys- great abundance, are dug through the east part, and the Upper Ammonoosuc through the may be obtained. On Cate's Hill, is a combination of minerals rarely seen on the surface. The general appearance is exceedingly promising for copper, if not for tin but as yet it has not been discovered where the ore is concentrated in a vein, though there are there ; several places crystals of Epidote, the best in the State, are found on Owl's Head. Numerous specimens of lead and copper ores abound at High Street, and a quarry of stone, resembling Italian marble, has been opened on Black mountain. Railroad Facilities. The Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad passes through the south part. The stations are Summit and Bath. Boundaries. North by Landau"", east by Woodstock, south by Warren and West by Haverhill. Distances. Six miles from Haverhill, seventy from Concord. BERLIN. Coos Co. The surface of Berlin broken and mountainous, there being but 1,340 acres of improved land in town. There are vast is tracts of timber land, affording where it is nated through the rock. Employments. Berlin ond town in the State for dissemi- is the sec- manufac- turing lumber. Over twenty-three million feet of lumber of all kinds are annually sawed, valued at over $350,000. from the ground at North Benton. Immense From west part of the town. (See tables.) Resources. soil, $ $19,800; 156,400 ; Productions of the mechanical labor, money at interest, stock in trade, $15,550; from summer tourists, $30,000. $2,800; Church and Schools. L. H. Gordon, pastor. Methodist, There are six schools in town. Average length of schools for the year, seventeen weeks. Library. W. W. Brown, private library, over 400 Hotels. volumes. Mount Forest House, and Berlin Falls House. First Settlements. This town was granted December 31, 1771, to Sir William Mayne, Bart, Robert, Thomas, and Edward Mayne, and others of Barbadoes, and was called Maynesborough till July 1, 1829, when it was incorporated by its present name. North by Milan, by Success, south by Randolph and Gorham, and west by Boundaries. east �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 68 Kilkenney. Distances. Area, acres. 31,000 One hundred and from Concord, and twenty east from Lancaster. forty miles north Railroad. Grand Trunk Rail- road passes through the eastern portion of the town. BETHIEHEM, Grafton Co. lehem is The soil months, according to careful esti* was four thousand." mation, Large boarding-houses are being erected every season, and are filled. If the tourists average forty dollars each in their expenses in town, which must be a low estimate, it will amount to the large sum of Beth- good, and produces fine crops of grain, potatoes and grass. At present, the lumber business is extensively carried on. Ammonoosuc Great and Gale Rivers are the principal and afford abundant streams, Elvers. water-power. Mountains. The principal mountains are Mount Agassiz and Peaked Mountain. Minerals. Specimens of magnetic and bog iron are found in various localities. The inhabitants Employments. are generally devoted to agriculture and keeping summer boardThe town is in the vicinity ers. White Mountain Range, and is the Rendezvous for travelers who wish to visit the Moun- of $160,000 for the season. This large influx of people through the Summer affords the farmers a fine opportunity to market their surplus produce at advance rates. The lumber business is important. Over 1,300,000 clapboards, 1,900, 000 shingles, and 8,800,000 feet of boards and dimension timber are annually sawed and give employment to over 100 men in its manu(See tables.) facture. Productions of the Resources. ; $137,602; mechanical labor, $68,300; money at interest, $22, 500; stock in trade, $50,425; deposits in savings bank, $1,598; from summer tourists, estimate, soil, $ 160,000. The inhabitants in the northern where there of the sections of the State, on their return to take the branch road from the White Mountain Railroad has its junction here, and extends six appears to be the most enterprise, have but little money deposited in The rusty iron savings banks. chests in southern New-Hampshire, which contain Western Railroad stocks and bonds, Western county, city, and town bonds, and Western personal notes, secured by tains, or cars. A miles to the in Carroll. Twin Mountain House It will be extended coming season. The village of Bethlehem is very pleasantly situated, and the scenery around it is beautiful and hard to be surpassed. A prominent resident of this town says: "The future prospects of Bethlehem are very flattering, owing to the great rush of summer tourists. The farther the number who stopped in the season of 1872, from one week to three mortgage on Western real to the value of more than $ estate, 12.000, 000 do not produce as much State enterprise (which shows a practical State benefit) as does the $122,000 invested in mills, &c, and $190,000 invested in hotels and Bethlehem. boarding-houses in Ten thousand dollars properly invested in this State, will do more good, and produce more business �BOSCAWEN. among the people than a million of dollars invested in Western Railroad stocks and bonds. MethoChurches and Schools. Rev. Charles II. Smith, pas- dist, members, 60, Church value, There are eleven schools in town. Average length of schools for the year, fifteen weeks; total tor, $3,000. 69 Bista?iccs. One hundred miles north from Concord, and thirtysix, by rail, north from Haverhill. Railroads. White Mountains Railroad passes through the northern section of the town to Carroll. The Portland and Odgensburg is expected to pass through some portion of the town. value of school-houses, $7,850. Houses. BOSCAWEN. and Summer Boarding Hotels Merrimack County. Sinclair House, valued at Mount Agassiz House, $60,000; Prospect valued at $20,000; White House, valued at $ 12,000 Mountain Boarding House, valued at $9,000: Spooner Cottage, valued at $ 7,000 Bean's Cottage, valued at 6,500 Turner's Cottage, $4,000, (it is being enlarged at an expense of $5,000.) Wilder Boarding House, $8,000; Bailey's ; ; ; Before Boscawen was divided and the town of Webster taken from its western limits, it was considered, with one exception, the best and farming township in the The soil on the river is deep and easy to cultivate, and when properly fertilized produces largest county. excellent crops of corn. On the uplands the soil is strong and good for grazing and the raising of fruit. The average value of production for each acre of improved land is $ 10. 16| the average of the county is $9.33. This includes pasturage and tillage land. Some of the finest farms in the county are in Cottage, $ 5,000. There are other houses where some summer tourists stop through the summer. Livery Stables. Clark Brothers, 30 horses, valued at $ 12,000 H. Wilder, 16 horses, $7,000; Sawyer & Wallace, 8 horses, valued at $3,000; Thompson & Son, 8 horses, valued at $ 3,000 Bowles & Young, 5 horses, valued at Farm is located in the northern part of the town near the Merri- $2,000. mack. ; ; December 27, 1769; James Turner, Thomas and John Hatch, Nathan and Amos Wheel- incorporated, and others settled here in 1790. First Church Organization. Con- er, Baptist, 1800; Boscawen. The Merrimack County Rivers and Ponds. Bethlehem was First Settlers. gregational, ; October, 15, 1802; Freewill Baptist, 1813. which Great Pond, town anr" Long Pond, lies partly in this partly in Webster, and western section of the town, are the principal bodies of water. in the Merrimack River washes its east- ern border, while the Contoocook waters the south-eastern corner. The latter River furnishes some North by Whiteby Carroll, and ungranted lands, south by Franconia and Lisbon, and west by Littleton. Total area, 31,154 acres; improved fine land, 10,955 acres. inhabitants, although the agricul- Boundaries. field, east water power at Fisherville, which is situated partly in this town and partly in Concord. Employments. is the principal Manufacturing employment of the �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 70 town is imporand on many of the farms it There are is lucrative business. 34 farms in town whose annual ag- in trade, $48,975; professional business, $ 10,000. Fishcrville. On the Contoocook River, and near its confluence with ricultural productions are respect- the Merrimack, is situated the en- ively valued at over $1,000; 14 over $ 1,5'00; 7 over $2,000; 5 over terprising manufacturing and 1 3 over $3,600; Seven farms are valued at $ 97,000, and have a total area of improved land of 1,700 acres. line amount annually paid for labor was $4,200; and the total most valuable water-power on the Contoocook is at this point, the water falling over 60 feet in a dis- tural interest of the tant, of Fisherville. It cord, larger portion in Concord. total value of farm productions $ 22, 100, or $ 13 to each acre of improved land. These seven farms have invested in stock and farming implements, about $ 15,000, and received from the forest production less 30,000 pairs of shoes ; 000. made and tanned, $4,500; castings and machinery to the value of $60,000; doors, sash, and blinds saws, to the value of $20,000; 300; ;' to the value barrels valued 300,000 feet of boards shingles, of over at $ 23, 3,100,000 and dimension tim- axe helves, besides carriages sleighs, excelsior, doors, ber, 2,000 doz. ; sash, blinds, saws, bar soap, and various other small mechanical shops too numerous to mention. The total horse water-power which is near the mill. The total value of all goods manufactured annually is $907,600, employing 180 males and 104 females, Avho annually re- improved in this village, is over 850; capital invested in manufac- $ 598,000 males employed, females and children, 245; amount annually paid for labor, $ 248,000 value of goods annually manufactured, $ 1,412,900. There are fifteen or twenty stores, of various kinds, two hotels, four churches, two graded schoolhouses, an academy, bank, insurance, express, post, and various other offices common to a large tories, ; 408; ceive for their labor, $ 129,600. Capital invested in manufactures, ; $310,600. Productions of the soil, ; ; flour $ 500,000 $ 10,000 336,000 bushels of wheat and other grain ground, and over 1,000,000 feet of lumber of all kinds sawed. There were ground 46,800 barrels of flour in 1872, and the barrels for the flour were made $94,273; mechanical labor, $129,600; money at interest, $30, 725; stocks, &c, $36,000; deposits in savings banks, $ 103,492 stock Foundry and machine shop, grain ground into meal $ 65,000 leather Resources. The tance of less than a mile. In this village there are two cotton mills, annually manufacturing 4,386,000 yards of cotton print cloth, two woolen mills, annually producing flannel, cassimeres, and yarn to the value of $ 105,000 bedsteads, bureaus, sinks, teapoys, and lookingglass frames to the value of $ 173, than $2,500; making, after deducting for labor and taxes, over 12 per cent, on the capital invested in farming. There are 1,488,000 yards of cotton cloth annually manufactured, 345,000 yards of flannel woven, village located on the between Boscawen and Conand is nearly equally divided between the two towns, with the $2,800; $4,800. The is I �The above cut Co., Fisherville, represents the establishment of Gage, Porter N. H., every description: other saws. for the viz., manufacturing of circular, mill, cast-steel cross-cut, pit, & saws of wood, and Their shops are quite extensive and located near the Northern railroad. A side track is laid through their yard which enables them to convey their goods to all sections of the country without trans-shipment. for more than twenty They have been years, in successful operation and their business adds much enterprise of that thrifty village. to the ��BOSCAWEN. village, and about 300 dwelling- Some houses. business the of and blocks, are elegant structures, many private residences are pleasantly located and are costly build- There are many wealthy ings. men in this village, but less men 71 Rev. "Win. R. 1,500 volumes; Jewett, N. Butler, Esq., and Isaac K. Gage, Esq., have libraries of over 500 volumes each. Ambrose Hotel Hotels. cawen and Plains, at Bos- Penacook House, at Fisherville. of leisure, than in any other village of its size in the State, and less show of aristocracy. Evei-y man is persons, living in equal with his neighbor, and none that State, for a tract of land on the so rich that he is ashamed to labor, but still too proud to be called in- westerly side of Merrimack river, and a grant was obtained, Decem- The people are an intelligent reading class, the receipts of the post-ollice being over S 1,100 annually, showing that the inhabitants know how to read and write, and intend to improve their spare ber 8, 1732, by John Coffin and eighty others, of a territory, seven The provisions of miles square. this grant were, that within four years from the date of the confirmation of the plan, they should settle, and have on the spot eighty families, each settler to build a good, convenient dwelling-house, at least eighteen feet square, and clear, fence, and improve, at least, four acres of land. The tract being properly surveyed, a settlement dolent. moments in those occupations. About two miles north of Fisherville, on the Merrimack, is located the old, but pleasant, village of Boscawen Plains. For many years this village siderable was trade. the seat of con- The principal First Settlement. In 1732, certain Newbury, Mass., petitioned to the General Court of street is wide, very straight, level, was commenced and some portions of Nathaniel Danforth, Moses Burbank, Stephen Gerrish, Edward it, beautifully shaded. The dwellings, and their surroundings, have an antique appearance, but show an air of respectability and wealth. It still is a very pleasant and desirable loca- tional, Rev. W. Abigail, Congre- feet square, Congrega- R. Jewett, Pastor. There are eight school and ten schools in town districts, average length of schools for the year, sixteen weeks annual amount appropriated for school purposes, ; ; $2,583.83. Literary Institution. Penacook is located in this town, Academy at Fisherville. Libraries. others. Curtice, Churches and Schools. Rev. Corbin gational, at Fisherville, and daughter of Nathaniel Danforth, was the first child born in town. The first settlers were exposed to Indian incursions, and, for protection, they erected a log fort, 100 tion to live in. pastor; Emery, early in 1734, by Fisherville Library, and ten feet in height. This fort proved a safe defence and protection, itants, for for all of the more inhab- than* 20 years. The Indians made an attack on the settlement in 1746, and killed Thomas Cook, a colored man, and Jones captive, and carried him to Canada, where he died. In May, 1754, Nathaniel Melvin and family, consisting of himself, wife, and five children, were taken, and carried to Canada, took Elisha �72 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. from whence they escaped, after a servitude of three years. In August of the same year, they killed the wife of Philip Call. They were pursued by the settlers, and secreting themselves in ambush, rushed out upon their pursuers, took Enos Bishop prisoner, and killed Timothy Cook, who attempted to escape by plunging into the river. Ezekiel Flanders, and Edward Emery were killed in 1756, while on a hunting excursion to Newfound lake. Thirty-seven years before the settlement was commenced first Boscawen, there was enacted within the present limits of this town, one of the most heroic deeds to secure liberty from the hands of a savage foe, ever recorded on the pages of history, and which may be appropriately mentioned here. in At the confluence of the Contoocook River with the Merrimack, on the north line of Concord, is Dustin's island, over which the Northern Railroad now passes. This island has become justly celebrated on account of an exploit of a lady, whose name it bears. On the 15th of March, 1697, the Indians made a descent on Haverhill, Mass., where they took Mrs. Hannah Dustin, who was confined to her bed, with an infant only six days old, and attended by her nurse, Mary Xiff. They soon despatched the infant, by dashing its head against a tree, and proceeded up the Merrimack. After a long and tedious march, they arrived at this island. The wigwam to which they were conducted, and which belongs to the savage, them who claimed was inhabited by 12 persons, viz., two men, three women and seven young Indians. as his property, The prisoners were Mrs. Dustin, the nurse, and a youth they had taken from Worcester, named Samuel Lannardson. On this island they rested for a while, intending soon to proceed on their way, a considerable distance farther up the river, to an Indian town, the captives where were informed that they would be compelled to run the gauntlet through the village. Aware of the cruelties that awaited her, Mrs. Dustin formed a determination to exterminate the whole party, should an opportunity present itself. She prevailed on her nurse and the boy to assist her in carrying out this bold and hazardous undertaking. On the morning of the 31st of March, a little before day, finding the whole company in a sound sleep, she awoke her confederates, and with the Indians' hatchets despatched ten of the twelve. One of the women, whom they thought they had killed made her escape, and a favorite boy they designedly left. Mrs. Dustin then secured the provisions in die wigwam, taking the gun of her dead master, and the tomahawk with which she slew him, and to prevent pursuit, she scuttled all the canoes save one. She embarked in that, with the boy Lannardson and the nurse, on the then high and turbulent Merrimack, to seek her way to Haverhill. They had not proceeded far, however, when Mrs. Dustin perceived they had neglected to take the scalps. With her companions, she returned and took ofl* the scalps and put them in a bag, and with these bloody witnesses of the feat, she again turned down the river, and in a few days arrived at Haverhill safe. On the 21st of April, she visited Boston. �BOW. The General Court of Massachusetts made her a grant of £50 as a reward for her determined and bloody strike for liberty. Mrs. Dustin was the daughter of Michael and Hannah Emerson, and tne eldest of fifteen children. She was born December 23, 1657, and married to Thomas Dustin, December 3, 1677. She was the mother of thirteen children and years of age when was forty Her captured. descendants by the name of Dustin, and also her family connections by the name of Emerson, are numerous in New-Hampshire. On this island, between the rail- road and the Merrimack, there is being erected a handsome granite monument (on the precise spot where the memory The of wigwams stood) Hannah Dustin. in proprietors gave the town- ship the name of Contoocook, from the Indian name of the river, which touches It its south-eastern border. was incorporated, and received its present name in 1760, in honor of Sir Edward Boscawen, an English admiral. First Ministers. Rev. Phineas Stevens, ordained in 1740; died in Rev. Robie Merrill, ordained dismissed in 1766. Nathaniel Merrill, ordained in 1768; dismissed in 1774. Rev. Samuel Wood, D. D., ordained in 1781, and continued in charge of the church, for more than fifty years. He was 1755. in 1761; distinguished Under eighty for his learning. more than young men were fitted for his instruction, college, thirty-one of came ministers of whom be- the gospel. 73 west by Webster. Area of improved land, 9,274 acres. Distances. Eight miles from Concord, north-west. Railroads. The Northern Railroad passes along the whole western border of the town. BOW. Merrimack County. The face of this sur- town isuneven, but the though hard, is very producand yields abundant crops, the surplus of which finds a ready market in Concord, Suncook, or Manchester. There is no town in soil, tive, the State in which the people are better provided with this world's goods than Bow. The soil alone produces to each man, woman and child, $200 annually. They have deposited money in the savings banks enough to give every ratable poll in town $530 each, or to give every person in town $175. Ponds and Rivers. Truree Pond is the principal body of water. Turkey River is the principal stream, and joins the Merrimack at Turkey Falls. The Merrimack washes its eastern border. The ruins of Bow Canal, on the Mer- rimack, at the Falls, are about three miles below Concord. It originally cost $13,800, and was built for the passage of boats, in the days when the Merrimack was used in transporting merchandise up and down its channel. Railroads have taken the place of canals on the Merrimack, except when they are used to convey water power to move machinery. Employments. The inhabitants all engaged in agricul- Boundaries. North by Salisbnry and Franklin, east by the Merri- are nearly mack river, which separates it from shingles, Canterbury and Northfield, and ture. 40,000 clapboards, 550,000 and 675,000, feet of boards and dimension timber are �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 74 was thirty-eight years Bow gained a victory annually sawed, valued at $13,400, and 25,000 bushels grain ground, ganization $24,200. over Concord in Productions of the Resources. soil, mechanical labor, stocks and money at inter- $153,546; $7,000 est, $13,430; ; deposits in savings banks, $122,445; stock in trade, MethoChurches and Schools. Rev. J. W. Walker, pastor Baptist, Rev. Mr. Whittemore, pasThere are fourteen schools. tor. Average length of schools for the year, sixteen weeks. dist, Bow was Settlement. granted by the authorities of New- Hampshire, to Jonathan Wiggin and others, in 1727, and was originally nine miles square, and covered nearly all the territory grant- ed to Ebenezer Eastman and others, by the authorities of Massachusetts, two years previous, under the name of Pennacook (now Concord.) Massachusetts pretended to hold authority over a large portion of the territory of New- Hampshire final for many years, till the boundary line was estab- lished, in 1741, giving New-Hamp- more territory than it had ever claimed. These complicated lines of the two towns coming from two pretended authorities, were not settled decisively, till after the final separtion of the two States, and, as might be expected, the government of New-Hampshire gave Bow the preference in its grant of 1727, and did not recognize the title of the Pennacook grantees, and in the bill, giving a charter for the parish of Concord, it was worded as " taking a part of the town of Bow," &c. Although Concord was granted and surveyed before Bow, its final orshire still it. it two-thirds of cord, its was obliged its original title to yield over territory to Con- Pembroke and Hopkinton, establishing their final boundary lines at different times, from 1759 to 1765. $10,300. First after First Minister. A Baptist church was organized in 1795; the Rev. Benjamin Sargent was ordained as pastor in 1797, resigned in 1801. Boundaries. North by Concord, East by Merrimack River, which separates it from Pembroke, south by Dunbarton, and west by HopArea kinton. Area, 16,000 acres its ; of improved land, 8,101 acres. Seven miles south Distances. from Concord. Concord Railroad. passes along its Railroad eastern border. BRADFORD. Merrimack County. Many parts of Bradford are hilly, but quite a portion of it lies in a valley about three miles wide. There are many good farms, which yield a good return to the farmer for his labor. At Bradford Mills there is There a pleasant, busy village. are two churches, a school house, several stores, two hotels, and offices of various kinds. The Presby village. a fine building, pleasantnear the centre of the It is becoming quite a summer resort for tourists. House is ly located Brad- ford Springs, three miles from the railroad depot, is noted for its much vis- healing qualities, and ited is by invalids, and lovers of pleasure and recreation. Ponds and Rivers. Todd's Pond, Newbury, is the largest body of water in lying in Bradford and �BRENTWOOD. There are several floating which are town. islands in this pond, considered objects of forms outlet Its curiosity. the northern Branch of Warner River. Pleas- Bradford Bond, lies in the This Pond is studded with numerous small islands, which with the rugged descent of the eastern bank, and the dwelant, or east part. and varigated fields on the western shore, present, in the summer season, a wild and charming scenery. Warner River is the principal stream, and affords many lings excellent mill privileges. Farming is the employment of the peo970,000 feet of boards, &c, Employments. It 75 was incorporated September 27, and included a part of Wash- 1787, ington. Mrst Minister. The CongregaChurch was organized in 1803. Rev. Lemuel Bliss, first tional minister, ordained in March, 1805, died in 1814. Boundaries. Bounded north by Newbury and Sutton, east by ton. Area, 19,000 acres. Twenty-eight miles north from Concord; thirty-four north-westerly from Amherst. Bradford is situRailroads. Distances. Concord principal ated on the ple. mont Railroad. 130,000 shingles are annually produced. 6,500 pounds of maple sugar is annually manufactured. (See tables.) Agricultural proResources. and ducts, $106,484; $9,000; stocks, mechanical labor, and .money at in- banks, $59,869; stock from Summer $21,200; in the soil 000 and Chtirches Schools. Baptist, Rev. E. Pepper, pastor; CongreThere are gational, no pastor. twelve school districts and thirAverage teen schools in town. length of schools for the year, sixteen weeks. Library. The Bradford Social commenced op- Library has just erations. Hotels. Presby House, at Brad- ford village, Spring Hotel, at Brad- ford Springs. First Settlement. first settled in 1771, Bradford was by Dea. Wil- liam Presbury and family, consistins: Rockingham surface of this neither tourists, of his wife and ten children. Clare- BRENTWOOD. trade, $6,000; professional business, $15, & Daily stages be- tween Bradford, Sutton, and New London, connect with trains to and from Boston. savings terest, $27,180; deposits in War- by Henniker and Hillsborough, and West by Washing- ner, south is it The County. town is not rough, very level. Much of of a good quality and well adapted to grass and grain. There are many fine farms under a is high state of cultivation, producing excellent crops of corn and other farm produce, which finds a good market at Exeter or Epping. The county farm is located here, which proves that the land in Brentwood is of a superior quality, and can be obtained at market rates. Exeter River flows Streams. through the entire length on the southerly side of the town. Little River and Deer Hill River run within the limits of this town. The water power is considerable and is generally improved. At Pickpocket there is a paper mill, saw mill and Minerals. grist mill. Iron ore has in con- �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 76 siderable quantities, been discov- Distances. some localities; vitriol combined in masses of sulphur has from Exeter. also been found. ter Employments. Agriculture is the principal vocation of the inhabi- jected line of railroad from Salis- tants, but considerable manufacturing of various kinds is carried bury to Epping is built, it will pass through a portion of this town. ered on. in Wrapping paper ue of $ 40,000 tured, is Railroads. station Maine to the val- $ 10,000, miles Four miles, to Exeon the Boston and When railroad. the pro- Grafton County. 200,000 The soil of well adapted to grazing excelled by very few towns this town dimension timber sawed, valued at and is $ 9,400, besides in the county, in this respect. shingles, 730,000 feet of boards and carriages, wheels, west BiUDGEWAXElC, annually manufac- leather, Four is Good boxes, sale boots and shoes &c. Total value of goods annually man- crops of corn, oats and potatoes are produced. The west part of the ufactured $ 124,000. (See tables.) Resources. Agricultural produc- town $ $ 26,500 tions, 100,472; ; mechanical labor, stocks and money at in- $7,500; deposits in savings banks, $45,740; stock in trade, terst, $ 10,275. Churches and Sclwols. Baptist, Rev. C. D. Sweet, pastor; Congregational, Rev. W. C. Jackson, pastor. There are four schools; average length for the year, twenty-two weeks. First Settlement. Brentwood was formerly a part of Exeter, and Avas disannexed from it, and formed into a separate town, June 26, 1742. The early history of Exeter is the history of this town up to its incorporation. In 1775, it had 1,100 inhabitants or over one hundred more than it had in 1870. First Ministers. Rev. NathanTrask, Congregational, ordained in 1752, died in 1789. Samuel Shephard, ordained in 1775, died in 1816. iel Boundaries. North by Epping, by Exeter, south by East Kingston and Kingston, and west east by Fremont. Area 10,465 area of improved land, 7,063 acres. ; is watered by Newfound Lake, and the east part by Pemigewasset river. There are no riv- ponds of any note. Employments. The inhabitants are mostly engaged in farming. 120,000 feet of lumber is annually produced, and 5,000 pounds of maple sugar are annually made. ers or Agricultural prod- Resources. ucts, $ $ 56,268 1,550; mechanical labor, stock and money at inter- stock in trade, $ 600 deposits in savings banks, $24,207. est, $ ; 5,775 ; Churches and Schools. There are three churches, Congregational, Freewill Baptist and Union churches; eleven school districts and nine schools; average length of school for the year, fourteen weeks. First Settlers. inally included Bridgewater origall the tract of Bridgewater Hill and Bristol. It was first settled in 1776, by ThomIncorporated, as Crawford, Esq. February 12, 1788. North by PlyBoundaries. mouth and Hebron, east by Pemigewasset river, which separates from Holderness and New it Hampton, south by Bristol, and �77 BRISTOL. divides the west by Newfound Lake, which town from Alexandria. Newfound Lakes and Hirers. Lake about seven miles long and Improved three wide, lies partly in Bristol land, 7,878 acres. Thirty miles north from Concord, and about seven Distances. south-east from Plymouth. Railroads. From the centre of the town to Bridgewater station, on the Montreal railroad is four miles. surface and in some instances the hills are broken and rugged, presenting to the view a charming and romantic landscape. The soil is generally very good, and when well cultivated, produces excellent crops. There is a fine manufachilly turing village in Bristol, which at present is growing very rapidly. There are thirty or more manufactories of various kinds in this village. There are 20,000 pounds of axles annually manufactured two straw board mills produce 490 tons of straw board, one paper mill an; nually manufactures 400 tons of manilla paper, and there are two woolen mills. There are annually manufactured 1,493 dozen buck gloves, valued at $31,600; 11,900 glove leather skins tanned, valued $ 18,200 14,000 bedsteads, valued at § 33,000 one hose manufactory, sash and blind, and various other manufactories, too numerous to be detailed. There are also from twenty-five to thirty stores ; ; all kinds; a printing office, Savings Bank, one Hotel, three of churches, a High school building, three Physicians and three Law- This village is the terminus of the Franklin and Bris- yers offices. tol Branch railroad, Bridgewater and Hewaters are united with in Pemigewasset by Newfound River about two miles long and one hundred feet wide. Smith's River which forms the southern bound- town and Hill, unites with the Pemigewasset near Grafton County. The at the Its ary between this BRISTOL. is and partly bron. which con- nects with the Northern railroad at Franklin. Newfound river. Newfound and Smith's Rivers af- the confluence of water valuable ford very which largely ileges assist priv- the enterprising people of Bristol in their energetic eflbrts in manufac- turing. Plumbago of a supe- Minerals. rior quality, has in this been discovered town and in considerable quantities. Employments. Manufacturing and mercantile trade are the principal and most lucrative employments of the people. Owing to the romantic and varied scenery in many Bristol, tourists spend their vacations here, and many families derive a good income from keeping summer boarders. There are many good farms in town and many prosperous farmers. The annual value of manufactured productions of all kind summer is $ 570,700. Resources. ucts, $ (See table). Agricultural prod- $ 63,690 ; mechanical labor, and money at in- 107,700; stocks terest, $ 13,800 deposits in sav- ; professional ings banks, $ 37,470 stock in trade, services, $ 15,000 ; ; $ 48,700; from summer tourists, $6,000, (estimate). CongreKetchum, paschurch valua- Churches and Schools. gational, Rev. Silas tor ; members 124 tion, $ Methodist, Rev. G. 13,000 ; ; �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 78 W. Norris, pastor; number ; ; J. Abbott, pastor ; church valuation, $ members 10,000. 90 There are nine school districts and twelve schools in town; average length of schools for the year, twenty weeks amount of money annually appropriated for school pur; In Bristol village a graded school with a building costing $ 12,000. There are four school teachers and two hundred and twenty-five scholars poses, $ 1798.33. there is in this building. Libraries. Rev. Silas Ketcham (private), 4,000 books, and BROOKFIELD. of members, 306 church valuation, $ 18,000 Freewill Baptist, Rev. G. 2,000 Carroll County. this town produces is soil fertile, of and crops of corn, hay, full &c, when properly cultivated. Pavers and Ponds. Salmon The deep and Falls River has On \ A branch of its source stream are several valuable water privileges which are unoccupied. Cook's Pond is the largest body of water in town, and is the only pond of note, excepting a small pond, covering about fifteen acres, situated directly on the top of Moose Mountain. Employments. Agriculture is the in Cook's Pond. chief this employment of the people. lumber is annually pamphlets; F. H. Bartlett, 900 volumes. Hotel. Bristol House, valued at 600,000 feet of $25,000. soil, Bank. Bristol Savings Bank. (See tables.) Bristol was taken from Bridgewater and New Chester (now Hill) and Incorporated June 24, 1819. Colonel Peter Sleeper, Productions of the Resources. $37,057; mechanical labor, $3,000; stocks and money at interest, $4,740; stock in trade, $2, First Settlements. others sawed. 400; deposits in savings bank, $20,395. Emmons and Churches and Schools. Freewill Methodist and Advent denominations. There are seven commenced a settlement school districts and five schools. Beujamin here in 1770. First Church. A Methodist society was incorporated and a church organized in June, 1818. Boundaries. North by Bridgewater, east by Pemigewasset River, which separates it from NewHampton, south, by Hill and west Area 9,000 acres, by Alexandria area of improved land, 8,067 acres. Distances. Thirty miles north Baptist, Average length of schools First Organization. was Brookfield originally a part of Middleton, from which it was taken and Durham and Wolfe- and west by borough. Railroads. Bristol Branch of the Northern railroad has its terminus here. New-Hampshire Cen- Forty-five Distances. north-east from Concord. when through Bristol. built, will pass in- corporated in 1794. Nicholas Austin first settled here a few years before the town was incorporated. North by WolfeBoundaries. borough and Wakefield, east by Wakefield, south by Middleton, from Concord, and sixteen south from Plymouth.. tral railroad, for the year, fourteen weeks. miles The Wolfeborough Railroad. Branch Railroad passes through this town. �BROOKLINE — CAMBRIDGE. BROOKLINE. 79 There are two churches and four Brookline House. This town formerly belonged to Massachusetts and was included in the Dunstable grant. It was incorporated, March, 1769, under the name of Raby but in 1778, by a legislative act, it received its present stores. name. Hotel. Hillsborough County. The soil, in some portions of this town, good, Mini yields fine crops, while parts it requires great care in cultivating ,for the farmer is in other to get a fair return for his labor. Rivers and Ponds. Nisitissit is the only river in this town, and takes its rise in the north-east part of Mason, and runs in a southerly direction to Potanipo Pond. From this pond it runs through the south- west corner of Hollis, into the town of Pepperell, Mass., where Poit joins the Nashua river. tanipo, or Tanipus Pond, is situ- ated near the center of the town. Employments. The vocations of the people in Brookline are nearly First Settlement. ; First Rev. Lemuel ordained in 1797; Minister. Wardsworth, died in 1817. Boundaries. North by Milford, east by Hollis, south by Townsend and Pepperill, Mass, and west by Mason. Area, 12,664 acres. Area of improved land, 1,819 acres. Distances. Seven miles southwest from Amherst, eight west from Nashua, and forty south from Concord. Railroads. By daily express equally divided between farming and manufacturing. The value of train to Pepperell station, Mass., furniture, annually manufactured, Nashua Railroad. When completed, the Lyndeborough and is $26,300; 78,000 cask?, valued at $30,000; 1,600,000 feet of lumber sawed, valued at $22,000; besides seven miles, on the Worcester and Brookline Railroad through this town. will pass various other small manufactories. (See tables.) Resources. Annual productions of the soil, $26,077; from mechan- Coos County. The surface of this town is uneven, but a large labor, $38,000; deposits in savings banks, $ 60,786 money at portion of it is covered with a dense, heavy growth of wood. ical ; interest, $10,900; stock in trade, $26,480. Churches and Schools. members, The soil is good and a large pormight be easily cultivated. The town is well watered by branches of Androscoggin River, many of which have their rise here. Part of Lake Umbagog is in this town. There are but few inhabitants in town, and they are principally engaged in agriculture. The annual value of agricultural tion Congre- gational, Rev. F. S. Sargent, pastor, CAMBRIDGE. 65, church value, $3,500; Methodist, Rev. William E. Bennett, pastor, members, 37, church value, $3,000. There are seven school districts, and eight schools in town. Average length of schools for the year, thirteen weeks. Library. Brookline Young Men's Library, 430 volumes. products is $3,490; total valuation of the town $33,106. Boundaries. North by Erroll and Umbagog Lake, east by the �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 80 State of Maine, south by Success and Milan, and west by Dummer. Area, 23,160 acres. Granted to Naand others, in 1793. Distances. One hundred and forty-three miles north-east from Concord, and thirty-five northeast from Lancaster. First Settlers. thaniel Rogers CAMPTON. Grafton County. The surface of Campton is uneven, having several mountainous tracts. The soil very good, and produces fine crops of corn, oats, potatoes, and hay. The high lands in the valleys is The are excellent for grazing. forests are mostly deciduous, but there are some pine, spruce and hemlock. Campton is quite noted manufacturing of maple Some years 50,000 pounds are made. Rivers. Pemigewasset River runs north and south nearly through the centre of the town, and receives the waters of Mad, Beebe and Bog Brook on the east, and West Branch on the west. Livermore's Falls, in Pemigewasset River, near the south part of the town, present appearances of an interesting character The formation of for naturalists. the rocks in the bed of the river, for the sugar. at this point, bears conclusive evi- dence of a volcanic eruption in some age far in the past. Mountains. Mount Prospect situated in the southerly part, and the Morgan mountain range in the easterly part, are the most noted elevations in this town. From the summit of Mount Prospect, a delightful view of Winnipiseogee lake is obtained, as well as a large portion of the southern part of the The distance from its summit to the depot at Plymouth, on the Boston, Concord, and MonState. Railroad, treal four is miles. There are but few positions from whence so fine a view of the lake and the surrounding country can be had, and it is worthy of a visit from all lovers of fine natural scenery. Employments. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in agriculture. It produces more maple sugar than any other town in the county. 500,000 feet of lumber are annually sawed, and considerable business is done in the manufacture of sale Many thousand pairs clothing. of pants are annually made. Agricultural Resources. pro- mechanical labor, $12,000, stocks and money at Interducts, §143,272; est, $7,266; banks, deposits $23,546; From summer $10,629; savings in stock in trade, tourists, $10,000. Churclies gational, pastor ; and Rev. Baptist, fohools. Congre- Quimby Blakely Rev. Mr. Tolman Freewill Baptist, Rev. Francis Morrison, pastor. There are fourteen schools in town. Average length of schools for the year, fifteen weeks. First Minister. Rev. Selden Church (Cong.), ordained in 1774, dismissed in 1792. Rev. John pastor; Webber, settled in 1812, dismissed in 1815. First Settlers. Campton and Rumney were included in the same grant to Captain Jabez Spencer, of East Haddam, Connecticut, but his death occurred before any settlement was made, and his heirs and others obtained a new charter in 1767. Two families, named Fox and Taylor first set- �CANAAN. When tied here, in 1765. the pro- two townof Campton and Itumney, 81 of Orange, and a good share from prietors surveyed the Dorchester and Groton comes to ships this place. they built their limits, and from camp within this fact the its town derived its present name. Campton furnished her full quota in the war of Independence, and five of her townsmen yielded up their lives to gain our liberties, and thirty is one At West Canaan there store, sive business. railroads, mart doing a very extenBefore the days of Canaan Street was the for trade of a large surround- ing country, being situated on the turnpike, over which the stages and big teams used to pass, but the West sacrificed their lives in the late thriving villages of East and Rebellion, to maintain those liber- Canaan, and Enfield, have secured much of its former prestige. It is a very pleasant village about two miles from East Canaan station, and a desirable location for any one to reside in. It is on the bor- ties, bought by the blood of their forefathers. Hotels. Sanborn House, and Seymore House. Boundaries. Bounded north by Thornton, east by Sandwich, south by Holderness and Plymouth, and west by Rumney. Area, 27,892 acres. Distances. Fifty miles north from Concord, and fourteen from Plymouth. Railroads. By stage daily, from Campton Centre to Plymouth Station, six miles, on the Boston, Concord, and Montreal Railroad. CANAAN. Grafton County. The surface of Canaan is more even than several of the adjacent towns. The soil is generally deep and fertile, producing excellent crops. There are four small villages in the town, Canaan Street, East and West Canaan, and Factory Village. East Canaan, on the Northern Railroad, is the business centre for a large area of the surrounding country, and is an active village. There are four stores, three milliner's and dealers in fancy goods, one hotel, three church edifices, a newspaper and printing office, besides various kinds of manufactories, offices, &c. All the trade ders of a beautiful lake, and consists of a single straight street, a mile in length, lined on both sides by magnificent shade trees, while the residences are neat and tasty. The town house, academy, two churches and two stores are locaA mile beyond this is Factory Village, also a lively place, containing one store, and several manufactories. ted here. Mascoma River, which rises in the north-west part of Dorchester, winds through some of the this town, affording finest privileges in the State, but very few of which are improved. The principal ponds in this town are the Heart, Goose, Clarke, Mud and Bear Ponds. Heart Pond, so called from its peculiar form, is situated near Canaan street, upon a swell of land so elevated that at a distance, it presents the appearance of a small lake on a hill. There is an appar- ently artificial embankment nearly around the pond, from four to five feet high; but from frequent observations, it is found to have been produced by the drifting of the ice when breaking up in the Spring. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 82 The pond is 500 rods in length, and The largest portion of the peo- ple are engaged in agriculture; although all vocations of industry are pursued, which are usually found in a New England village. There are also several exten- engaged in the lumbering business, and 25,000 clapboards, 2,250,000 shingles and 3,550,000 sively feet of boards, &c, are annually sawed; 15,000 bushels of grain ground, besides straw-board and various other manufactures. The total value of goods of all kinds, annually manufactured is $124,900. (See tables). Agricultural productions, $119, mechanical labor, 520; money its $35,800; deposstock professional bus- at interest, $28,050 ; in savings banks, $48,614 in trade, $34,900 ; ; iness, $10,000. Churches and Schools. Baptist, Methodist, Rev. Morey Bean, pastor; Methodist at East Canaan, Rev. S. C. Farnham, pastor. There are twenty school dis- no pastor Canaan, The 200 in width. ; first Connecticut, in 1761. settlement was in the winter of 1776, by John Scofield. brought all the property he possessed on a hand-sled, a distance of fourteen miles. George and Joshua Norris, Samuel Jones, He Samuel Meacham, and Thomas Miner came soon after. Jonathan Dustin, a native of Haverhill, Massachusetts, died here, July aged 96 years. He was 4, 1812, grandson intrepid Hannah Dustin, who slew ten Indians on an Island near the mouth of the Contoocook to the river, in 1697, to regain so ruthlessly taken her liberty from her by the savages. A was organized town in 1780. Many difficulties were encountered and considerable opposition was manifestBaptist church in this ed in establishing this church. In 1783, Rev. Thomas Baldwin, D.D., was ordained and settled over it, and remained until removed to Boston. 1790, when he and twenty-two schools in town; average length of schools for the year, seventeen weeks; Dr. Baldwin frequently visited Concord, on foot, through the wilderness. It was on one of these solitary walks, in his meditation on the unity of God's people, if they faithfully followed amount of money annually His word, that he composed the propriated miliar and beautiful stanzas com- tricts ; for school appurposes, mencing with $2,331.16. Literary Institution, &c. Canaan Tnion Academy, Herbert F. Nor- There is, at East Library Association, owning a Library of some 400 volumes, to which an addition of nearly 100 volumes is now annually ris, Principal. Canaan, a made. Hotel. is the fa- The only Hotel Union Hotel at East in town Canaan. First Settlers. This town was granted to sixty-two persons (all of whom except ten were) from "From whence doth this union arise?" Boundaries. North by Dorchester, east by Orange, south by Enfield, and west by Hanover. Area of improved land 20,403 #cres. Distances. Forty miles northwest from Concord, and twentyfive south of Haverhill Railroad. Northern (N. H.) railroad passes through the southern part of the town. " Canaan" and " West Canaan" are the staMail stage from West tions. �CANDIA — CANTERBURY. 88 Rumney, Tuesdays and Saturdays to Canaan Street and Factory Vil- stock in trade, $9,200 business, $10,000. lage, daily. David McCandia in 1743 or 174-1, and William Turner, John Sargent and others, came The County. Candia is hard of cultivabut through the energy and Rockingham came to soil of here in 1748. tion, called Charmintjrf'are industry of the inhabitants, they get a good return for their labor. The site of the town elevated and commands an extensive view of the rich scenery of the adjacent country for many miles around, including the White Scenery. is the Wachusetts, the lights on Plum Island, and the ocean. Two branches of the Rivers. Lamprey River take their rise in this town, and afford some water power, which is generally imhills, proved. Farming is the employment of the in- Employments. many excelfrom which much pro- habitants, there being lent farms, duce raised is market in the which finds a ready Manchester. manufacturing is carried on, there being nearly two hundred males and females employed in the various manufactories in town. Many are engaged in making men and women's boots and shoes, there being over 300,000 pairs manufactured annucity of Considerable ally, for which the workmen re- ceive for their labor, nearly $60,000. Five thousand cases of stock are brought from out of the State, all prepared to be made into shoes. Resources. Annual productions of the soil, valued at $117,413; annual value of mechanical labor, $60,200 ; professional First Settlements. Clure CANDIA. principal ; deposits in savings banks, $128,288; value of stocks, bonds, and money at interest, $7,500; It was ; formei'ly the first vis- being so well pleased with its site, as a place of residence. The town received its present name in itors compliment to Governor Benning Wentworth, who was once a prisoner on the island of Candia, in the Mediteranean Sea. First Miivisters. Rev. David Jewett settled in 1771 removed in 1780. Rev Joseph Prince, ordained in 1782; removed in 1789 Rev. Jesse Remington, ordained ; died in 1815. Boundaries. North by Deerfield, east by Raymond, south by in 1790 ; Auburn and Chester, and west by Area, 17,743 acres. Distances. Eighteen miles southeast from Concord, and about thirty miles west from Portsmouth. The Concord and Railroad. Portsmouth Railroad. Hooksett. CANTERBURY. Merrimack County. There are some very fine the Merrimack interval farms on river, but further back from the river the town is uneven, the more hilly parts afford- The soil is ing fine pasturage. generally good, and produces fine crops of corn, oats, potatoes, and hay. Much attention, for the past few years, has been given to agriand some of the best pracfarmers and producing farms in the State, are to be found in Canterbury. Hills. There is a high ridge of land extending along the line beculture, tical �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 84 tween which this town and affords a tine Northfield, view of the surrounding country. Ponds and Streams. There are several ponds in town, which give rise to small streams, furnishing some good mill sites. Shah rs. In the south-east part of Canterbury, is the neat and quiet, though busy, village of the Shakers, a sect of Christians known in this first Country about the year 1774, when the founder, Ann Lee, came to New York from Liverpool. The covcnantal relation of the was established in 1792, society from which covenant we extract the following article, showing briefly their religious Article Four. conscientiously obligations. We solemnly and devote dedicate, and give up ourselves and services, together with all our temporal interest, to God and his people, to be under the care and direction of such elders, deacons or trustees as have been, or may hereafter be established in the Church, according to the first article of this covenant. They subscribe to no sectarian creed, but believe that as many as are led by the spirit of God, will become the children of God. The foundation upon which they build their faith is Separation from the world. 2nd, Confession of sin. 1st, United inheritance. 4th, A virgin or pure life. Shaker Village is situated about twelve miles north-east from the city of Concord. It is built on a high elevation of land, and com3d, mands an extensive view of the surrounding country, being 440 feet higher than the ground at the State House in Concord. We learn from the State Geolog- by Dr. Charles T. Jackson, that the latitude of the village, by meridional altitude of the Sun, is north 43 deg. 21 min. ical report of 1841, 21 sec. In the society there are hundred and fifty central executive now one members. The vested in the order of ministry, consisting of two brethren and two sisters, while the direct spiritual charge of each family, however, is under the direction of an order of Elders, two of each sex. Besides the various dwellings, work-shops, barns, &c, they have two offices or dwellings for the reception of all company not of the order, who visit is them on business, or to see their friends. The meet- ing-house, belonging to the order, was its and built in 1792, still retains primitive form. Their school and directed as is as well furnished any in the town. They own some 2,500 acres of land, most of which is situated near the village. The soil, is largely composed of Granite, is very poor, and being abundantly and covered with ledges and bowlders, proves very hard for tillage. They have, however, by untiring industry and care, been able to bring a large tract of land under excellent cultivation, so that filled and harrows break their land, while the hay the best of plows of 300 tons or secured by the first class mowing machines, hay tedders, and horse rakes, that are found in the market. Their largest barn is 240 feet long, and 45 feet wide. They keep not far from one hundred head of cattle, a team of ten yoke of workcrop, consisting more, is �CANTERBURY. ing oxen, fourteen horses, one hundred and fifty sheep, three hundred hens, and four hogs. The Shakers, throughout the United States, by universal consent, abandoned the use of swine's fiesh, in its every form, as an article of diet, as early as 1845. The manufactures washing machines, adapted to hotels, laundries, &c, a mangier, consisting of a box and weighing some appurtenances, 1,500 pounds, for the ironing of Both of the above are clothes. operated by steam. Corbett's Syrup of Sarsaparilla, bearing an unquestionable reputation of forty years corn brooms and brushes, ; yarn, and knit goods, stocking pure oil of Wintergreen, maple syrup, and tubs, are also mads by them. They have several maple orchards, from wiiich they obtain some three or four thousand pounds of sugar. The assessed value real estate is of their thirty-one thousand and their State, County, town, and school tax, for 1672, dollars; was SI, 103.58. Eight artificial ponds or reservoirs arranged in one continuous line, the first being placed some three miles north of the village, cnnipose the water power. The mil!.-, situated on these ponds, are lor carding and spinning wool, weaving and coloring and dressing cloth, grinding of grain for flour and meal, sawing of timber and wood, for the manufacture of tubs, pails, broom handles, and for the turning of wood and iron, &c, &c. The water which supplies the village, is from mechanS G,000 money at inter- of the" soil, $ 172,403 ical labor, est, ; ; S 9,450; deposits in savings S 50,418; from summer banks, tourists, §5,000. Churches and Schools. There are Congrrgachurches viz. tional, James Doldt, Pastor Free Will Baptist, Jeremiah Clough, Pastor; and the Shaker Church. There are eleven schools in town. Average length of schools for the year, twenty weeks. First Settlers. This town was granted to Richard Waldron and others in 1727. Like many of our three ; consist of a series of flannel 85 brought in an aqueduct, a distance of nearly a mile. Resources. Annual productions early settlements, the inhabitants were exposed Indians. to the inroads of the A great number of horrid murders were committed. number of years, the For a pioneer cleared and tilled his land, under the protection of a guard, while pursuing his daily toil, uncertain whether the seed he sowed, might not be dampened by his blood, or that of an enemy. In 1738, two men, by the names of Blanehard and Shepherd, were ambushed, but through determined resistance, Shepherd succeeded in making his escape, but Blanehard was killed. First Ministers. Rev. Abiel Foster, ordained in 1761, dismissed in 1770. Mr. Foster, in a great degr« possessed the confidence of the people. He held several responsible offices in town, and in 1783 was elected to Congress. He was successively returned to Congress for nearly all the time, until 1804. He died in 1806. Rev. Frederick Parker ordained in 1791, died in 1802. Boundaries. North-east by Bel- mont and Gilmanton, east by Gilmanton and Loudon, south by Loudon and Concord, west by Merrimack river, which separates �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 86 it from Boscawen, and north by Area, 26,345 acres. Eight miles north Distances. from Concord. Railroad, Boston, Concord and Montreal. Northfield. This town lies at the north-western base of the White Mountains. Its surface presents a rugged and mountainous appearance, and the scenery is wild and romantic. The soil in some parts is strong, deep and productive; but the larger portion of still remains a dense formaple, pine, hemlock and spruce. Large tracts of this timber land are owned by Messrs. A. L. & the town est of G. Brown & Co., engaged in lumber business, at Whiteheld. Mountains and Rivers. Pondicherry Mountain is situated in the north part, between this town and Jefferson, and is of considerable W. the elevation. John's and Israel's rivers, have their rise, in part, in this town and the head waters of the Ammonoosuc from the neighboring mountains, unite and also pass through here. Summer Resorts. The wild, pic- turesque, and romantic scenery, which surrounds this town on every side, has caused it to become a popular resort for tourists. A branch of the Montreal railroad, called the "Wing road" starts from Bethlehem and now (1873) extends six miles to the Twin Mountain, which is eleven miles from the base of Mount Washington. This road will be extended towards Mount Washington next year. For the accommodation of travellers, there large hotels, viz., now three Twin Mountain are erected upon the ashes of the old Fabyan House, and was opened for travellers the present season (1873). is large and commodious, and no doubt will meet with success. These three houses will accommodate over seven hundred guests nt one time. The people are largely engaged in hotel and lumber busi- It CARROLL,. Coos County. House, White Mountain House, and Fabyan. This house has been ness, although in proportion to the number of inhabitants, farming is not neglected, compared with the towns in the county. Lumber to the value of $ 42,400 is annually sawed and 100 tons starch, valued at $8,200 is made. Resources. Productions of the ; $ 35,997 mechanical labor, § 13,500 deposits in savings banks, $ 80 from summer tourists, $ 50, 000; stock in trade, $ 12,357. Baptist, Churches and Sclwols. Royal Berry, pastor. There are four schools in town, average length for the year, twenty-one weeks. soil, ; ; ; First Settlements. originally named Carroll was ''Britton Woods" and was granted to Sir Thomas Wentworth, Rev. Samuel Langdon and eighty-one others in 1772. It was incorporated, under its present name, June 22, 1832. Boundaries. North by Jefferson, east by the White Mountain territory, south by ungranted land and west by Bethlehem and White- Area 24,040 acres; area of improved land, 2,915 acres. About one hundred Distances. and twenty miles north from Concord, and eighteen south-east from field. Lancaster. Railroads. Wing Railroad, a branch of the Montreal, extends Also Brown's into this town. lumber railroad, from Whitefield. �CENTER HARBOR. CENTER HARBOR. 87 railroad to Concord Belknap County. The surface ; thence over the Boston, Concord and Montreal of Center Harbor railroad the soil Lake "Winnipiseogee. From thence is is uneven, but very good, mostly a rich The town is located between Winnipiseogee and Squam loam. The lakes. little village " Center Harbor," called located is in two towns, viz., Moultonborough, and Center Harbor. The village is delightfully situated on the bank of the Winnipiseogee, and is surrounded by some of the finest scenery in this country. Red hill, in Moultonborough, and is near this easy of access from the Hotels, where horses and carriages are in constant readiness for village, the is accommodation of who all persons are desirous of visiting Red Hill or the surrounding country. Steamboats, through the warm weather, constantly ply between this town and Weir's Landing, near the Montreal Railroad, Meredith, Alton Bay, YVolfeborough, Dimond's Island, and other places of interest around the lake. For delightful scenery and varied recreations. Centre Harbor and its surroundings are not to be excelled by any of the summer summer boarders warm weather hundred. resort, in The estimated number the State. Thousands who spend here, is six call at the various hotels for a dinner, a day, or a week, who are not included in this number. Travelers, from New York, will secure a direct route to this place, by taking the Norwich line of steamers on Long Island Sound at 5 o'clock P. M. thence over the ; Norwich and Worcester railroad Worcester; thence over the Worcester and Nashua railroad to Nashua thence over the Concord to ; to Weir's Landing, on a delightful steamboat ride on the lake, of ten miles, brings you to the Senter, Moulton, and Lake Houses, and to your journey's end. Employments. The inhabitants are generally employed in farming and keeping summer boarders. 150,000 feet of lumber is annually sawed, and 15,000 pairs of sale shoes are made. Productions of the §52,325; mechanical labor, §6,100; stocks and money at interest, $ 3,730 deposits in savings banks, §4,627; estimated amount Resources. soil, ; from summer tourists, §50,000; stock in trade, § 3,150. Churches and Schools. churches, Congregational Two and Freewill Baptist. There are eight schools in town; average length for the year, sixteen weeks. Library. Y. M. C. A. Library. Hotels. Senter House, Moulton House and Lake House. First Settlers. The first settlers were Ebenezer Chamberlain and Colonel Joseph Senter, who came from Manchester (then Londonderry) via. the Merrimack river in 1765. They constructed a boat of such light material as to be easily transported around the Falls. In this boat the families embarked with their provisions, and household goods, and passed up the river about sixty miles and arrived at their log cabin on the shore of the lake, in about the same time it now takes a steamer to cross the Atlantic. The town derived its name from Colonel Senter, but the spelling was changed, probably for its central location on the lake. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 88 Minister. First Rev. with the Connecticut about two miles from the north line, between David Smith, Congregationalism settled here aa pastor, in 1819. North-east by Boundaries. Moultonborough, south east by by New Meredith, south-west Hampton, and north-west by Holderness and Squam lake. Area, 7,5.30 acres; improved land, town and Claremont. There are two villages The north village is in this town. called North Charlestown, and this Villages. many ly situated The main lages in the State. and four from Meredith village on Boston, Concord and Montreal railroad. is center, quite broad, and street beautifully shaded with rows of stately elms on each side, for nearly a mile. Many of the dwellings are elegant and of modern architecture, while others have more of an antique appearance but all have an exterior impress which shows that wealth, luxury and prosperity dwell within. There are several CHARGES FOW \. CharlesSullivan County. town has a river line on the Con- ; is considered one of the best farming towns in the state, there being but two towns which grow as many bushels of corn, oats and barley. The soil of the upland is good, and many of the farms are under a fine residences. Charlestown village is pleasanton a plain, about half a mile from Connecticut river, and is one of the most delightful vil- One hundred and twelve miles north-west from Boston, forty miles north from Concord and thirteen from Gilford, Two miles from Railroads. necticut of thirteen miles, and mechanical shops and eral small 4,422 acres. Distances. church, school-house, contains a store, post-office, steam-mill, sev- stores in the village, three hotels, j ; | three church edifices, two large shoe manufactories with various other shops, offices, &c. A fine j high state of cultivation. West of the road leading to Walpole, theiv are not less than fifteen hundred acres of fine interval land, of a deep, rich and loamy soil, suitably adapted to the growth of nearly all kinds of grass and Town House was built in the sea- an expense of nearly $20,000. The Connecticut River National, and Connecticut River son of 1872, at Savings Banks are located in this village. Employments. The employments grain. of In Connecticut river are three islands which are within the limits of this town. Sartwell's island (the largest,) containing ten acres, is under a high cultivation. The others contain about six acres are nearly equally divided between each. of heavy boots and shoes, 6,450 pairs of brogans. 42,422 pairs of la- Islands. Rivers. The town watered by Connecticut and Little Sugar rivers. The latter waters the north part of Charlestown, and unites is the inhabitants, agriculture, at present, manufacturing and trade; 4000 pounds of tobacco are annually produced, also 2,566 lbs. One large shoe manufactory annually manufactures 32,844 pairs hops. dies' fine, sewed shoes, pairs ladies' slippers valued at $229,878. ; and 6,000 the whole One other shoe �CHARLESTOWN. firm annually manufacture boots and shoes to the value of $66,600. annually sawed, 1,280,000 One cab manufactory (recently burned,) annually manufactured children's cabs to the value of .$18,000; 9.500 bushels of grain is ground, and, besides, there are various other small The total value manufactories. of goods annually manufactured, of all kinds, is estimated at $ 357, There is feet lumber. 375. (See tables.) Productions of the 89 Eagle Hotel, Cheshire Hotels. Bridge House, and Connecticut River House. First Settlers. Charlestown was granted by Massachusetts to sixty-three persons under the name of " Number Four," December 31, 1735. Several families by the names of Parker, Farnsworth and Sartwell, from Groton, Hastings from Luningburg, Massachusetts, and Stevens from Rutland were the first settlers. The first child $195,157; deposits in sav- born in Charlestown was Elizabeth, the daughter of Isaac Parker. She was born in 1744, and died in 1806. For many years af- ings banks, $121,604 stock in trade, ter the first settlement the inhabi- from summer tourists, Many tourists spend their tants suffered severely by Indian Resources. soil, $152,188; mechanical labor, and money at in- $143,600; stocks terest, ; $86,675; $ 10,000. summer vacation in this pleasant town, and it is quite a source of revenue to the inhabitants. Professional business, $20,000. Churches and Schools. Episcopal, Rev. Francis Chase, Rector; numchurch ber of communicants, 45 valuation, $6,000. Unitarian, Rev. Eugene DeNorrnandie, pastor number of members, 65 church ; ; value, $6,500. Congregationalist, Rev. H. H. Saunderson, pastor; number of members, 24; church value, $4,500. Methodist, Rev. A. L. Kendall, pastor; number of members, 70 church value, $2,500. There are fifteen schools in town, four of which are graded. Aver; age length of schools for the year, seventeen weeks. Total amount of money annually appropriated for school purposes, $2,436. Banks. Connecticut River NaBank, and Connecticut River Savings Bank. Libraries. Charlestown Social George Library, 1500 volumes. tional Olcott, Esq., private library, 1200. incursions. In the spring of 1746, and Stephen Farnsworth were taken prisoners and carried to Canada. In May following Seth Putnam was surprised and killed; a few days after, Captain Paine, with a John Spafford, Isaac Parker party of men, was attacked, when Captain Phineas Stevens came to his assistance and a sharp skir- mish ensued. Five men were killed on each side and one white man taken prisoner. A short time after the Indians made another assault on Captains Stevens and Brown, when they were defeated, losing several men, and leaving their hatchets, spears, guns and blankets on the ground. Captain Stevens lost but one man. In August a man by the name of Phillips was killed and several houses and barns were burned. In November, 1746, owing to the continuous attacks of the Indians, the town deserted, excepting six men was who were fort. left in charge of the We append a few lines of the most important events with the In- �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 90 dians, emy men who Capt. Stevens in possession of the fort. Capt. Stevens, for his gallantly on this occasion, was pre- and sketches of some of the participated in them. Captain Phineas Stevens was one The town, in was protected by his intrepidity. He was a native of Sudbury, Mass., from whence his father removed to Rutland. At the age of sixteen, while his father was making hay, he, with three little brothers, followed him to the meadows. They were ambushed by the Indians, who killed two of his brothers, took him prisoner, and were preparing to kill his youngest of the its first settlers. infancy, brother, a child four years old. He, by signs to the Indians, made them understand if they would spare him he would carry him on his back and he carried him to Canada. They were redeemed and both returned. He received several commissions from Governor Shirley, and rendered im- — portant services in protecting the frontiers. In 1747, when Charles- town was abandoned by the inhabitants he was ordered to occupy the fort with thirty men. On the 4th of April, he was attacked by 400 French and Indians, under Mons. Dcbeline. The assault lasted three days. Indian stratagem with fire applied to everything combustible abgut the fort, had not the desired effect. The heroic band were not appalled. and French skill, They refused to commanders took Frenchman showed At between the capitulate. length, an interview place. The his forces, and described the horrible massacre that must ensue unless the fort surrendered. " My men are not afraid to die," was the answer made by Capt. Stevens. The attack contined with increased fury until the end of the third day, when the en- returned to Canada and left sented by Sir Charles Knowles with an elegant sword and from this circumstance, the township, ; when it was incorporated in 1753, took the name of Charlestown. In 1754 the French war began, and the inhabitants were once more obliged to resort to the fort for safety. From infancy the settlers had been trained to scenes of hard- ship and danger unknown to their descendants. When they attended public worship, or cultivated their lands, they proceeded forth from the fort armed for battle, and wor- shipped or toiled under the protection of a sentinel. In their depredatory excursions, the Indians preferred prisoners to scalps, and generally killed but few excepting those who were likely to escape, or appeared too formidable to be encountered with success. On the 29th of August, 1754, the Indians, early in the morning, attacked the house of James Johnson, who, with his wife, her sister, three children and two men, Peter Larabee and Ebenezer Farnsworth, were taken prisoners. On the second clay of the journey, about fifteen miles from Charlestown, in the wilderness, Mrs. Johnson was delivered of a child, who, from the peculiar circumstances attending The its birth, was named Captive. Indians halted one day on account of the woman, and on the next day took up their march, carrying litter made for that purpose. During the march, being distressed for the want of provisions, they killed the only horse they had. and the infant was nour- her on a �CHATHAM. 91 ished by sucking pieces of its flesh. When they arrived at Montreal, Johnson obtained a parole to return and solicit funds for the re- ren were taken prisoners. After they hadproceeded on their journey demption of his family and himself. He applied to the assembly of New-Hampshire, and at length secured £150 sterling; but the season was so far advanced that he uneasiness, a few miles, the Indians, finding that the infant child gave signs of and fearing that it might impede their progress, took it aside and beat out its brains. did not return to Canada until He was then spring opened. it is believed, was among the depredations committed by the Indians in New England. The prisoners taken from Charlestown charged with having broken his were parole, a great part of his money taken from him by violence and he was shut up with his family in a prison, where they took the smallpox but fortunately they all survived. After eighteen months, Mrs. Johnson, with her sister and two ; ; daughters, were sent in a cartel ship to England, and thence re- turned to Boston. Johnson was still retained in prison for three years, and then, with his son, returned and found His eldest in Boston. daughter was retained in a nunnery in Canada. The daughter born on the journey, as related, afterwards married Colonel George Kimball. In 1756, Lieutenant Moses Willard, the father of Mrs. Johnson, was killed. He was at work in sight of the fort with his son Moses. The Indians, having dispatched his father, pursued the son, and wounded him with a spear. his wife He however made his escape, dragging the spear with him to the fort. In 1757 the Indians again burned the mills which had been rebuilt, and took Sampson Colfax, David Farnsworth and Thomas Adams prisoners. In 1758 Ashael Stebbins was killed; and This, last way conveyed Canada, by to Nearly all were sooner or later redeemed by government or by their friends. Charlestown originally included to the French. part of Langdon, and porated July First 2, was incor- 1753. Ministers. Rev. John Dennis, who, on account of the Indian war, was ordained in Northfield, December 4, 1754; dismissed Rev. Burkley Olcott, orin 1756. dained May 28, 1761; died June Rev. Daniel Foster acted 26, 1792. as pastor from 1796 to 1809. Rev. Jaaraniah Crosby ordained October 17, 1810. Boundaries North by Claremont, east by Unity, Acworth and . Langdon, south by Langdon and Walpole, -and west by Springfield and Rockingham, Vermont. Area, 21,400 acres; area of improved land, 15,654 acres. Fifty - one miles Distances. west from Concord, and twenty miles south-west by railroad from Newport. Sullivan Railroad Bail roads. passes through the western border of this town. CHATHAM. his wife, Is- aac Parker and a soldier were captured. In September, 1760, Joseph Willard, his wife and child- all of Lake Champlain, and sold Cakroll County. The surface town is broken and mountainous and three-fourths of the of this �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 92 area is covered by a heavy growth of timber, consisting of the various kinds of hard wood, hemlock, Much of spruce, and some pine. the soft wood is being cut and floated down the Saco River, while the heavy growth of hard wood, at some day not far distant, will yield a rich reward to some of the enterprising men of the State, who always look at the main chance. The soil on the streams and upland Apples is strong and productive. are successfully grown in this town, and several other kinds of There are some very fine fruit. farms under a high state of cultivation. Mountains. rises so high Carter's between Mountain town this prevent the opening of a highway, and the people of the respective towns, in and Jackson as to their intercourse, are obliged to pass through a portion of Maine. Kiarsarge, in the south-west corner of the town, has an altitude of Upon the summit of 3,400 feet. this mountain is a commodious house for the accommodation of The views from this mountain are grand and very exvisitors. In the north- west corner is Baldface Mountain, 3,600 feet high. Teams can be driven nearly to its summit. From the crest of this mountain the Tip-Top House on Mount Washington can be tensive. seen, also the ocean. Ponds and Streams. There are several ponds in town, the princiis Mountain Pond, with an area of about one hundred acres, high among the mountains, entirely surrounded by the primeval forest. Trout have been taken from this pond weighing six pounds. pal of which There are several considerable streams, well stored with trout, and affording abundant water power. Employment. Agriculture and lumbering are the principal occupations of the inhabitants. There is a clothes-pin manufactory which has just commenced business on an extensive scale. Agricultural proResources. ductions, 865,661; est, §1,300; money at inter- mechanical labor, $3,200. Churches and Schools. Congre- gational, Rev. E. B. Pike, pastor; Methodist, Eliphalet Weeks, minThere are six schools in ister. town. Average length of schools for the year, fourteen First Settlers. granted to weeks. Chatham was Peter Livins and February 7, 1767. North by White Boundaries. Mountains, east by Maine, south by Conway, and west by Bartlett and Jackson. Area, 26,000 acres improved land, 3,848 acres. Ninety-two miles Distances. north-east from Concord, and forty north from Ossipee. others, Railroads. Twelve miles by daily mail to Fryeburg, in Maine, on the Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad. CHESTER. Rockingham County. Chester formerly included the present town Auburn which was set off in The soil of the larger portion of this town is excellent, and some of the large ridges are surof 1845. fertility by but few in the There are also some very There are valuable meadows. many fine farms under high culti- passed in State. vation. �CHESTER. There are several Streams. email streams, the largest of which is a branch of Exeter River, called the Branch. Minerals. Plumbago, in considabundance and 93 Charles Tenney, pastor; MethoRev. James Adams, pastor. There are ten school districts, and eleven schools. Average length of schools for the year, seven dist, of good found here. Sulphur is also found in small quantities. The prevailing rock is granite and weeks. gneiss. twenty-five cents quarterly. erable quality, is Employments. Agriculture is employment of the for a few years past, a the principal people ; but, few have been extensively engaged in the lumbering business. There have been annually sawed 1,300,000 feet, valued at $20,300. Shoe business is an important branch of industry; J. Underbill manufactures about 24,000 pairs valued at annually, 830,000. About 30,000 pairs of shoe stock are brought from out of the State to be made into shoes, valued at $37,000. Hi sources. ricultural Annual value of ag- productions, $76,604; value of mechanical labor, $25, 300; stocks, bonds, and money at . interest, $17,500; deposits in sav- ings banks, trade, $2,800; ists, $47,309; stock in from summer tour- access The pleasant town which stands Resorts. village in this on a long street, with beaudwelling houses on either side, surrounded with spacious, shaded grounds, has solicited the attention of the lovers of NewHampshire summer scenery for a number of years, and it has now become quite a resort for summer chiefly tiful tourists. There Churches and Schools. are three churches in the town. Baptist, Joseph Stores, pastor; Congregational, 200 members, volumes. People can have the library by paying to First Settlements. Chester is considered one of the old towns of the State. In 1719, about eighty persons, chiefly from Portsmouth and Hampton, formed an association, for the purpose of securing a tract of land in the " Chesnut Country," (so called) and stationed three men upon this tract, to hold possession until they should procure a lawful title. After considerable difficulty they obtained a grant of land, ten miles square. Immediately the settlement was commenced by several persons from Rye and Hampton, among whom were Samuel Ingalls, Jonathan Goodhue, Jacob Sargent, Ebenezer Dearborn, Robert Smith, E. Colby and S. Robie, who contributed largely to the permanent success of the enterprise. of May, On the township which had hitherto been called Cheshire, was incorporated under its present name, and comprising an area of over one hundred and twenty square miles. If Chester had retained her original area, she would have had at the present time a population of nearly 6,500. In 8th $3,000. Summer Library. Ladies Library Association, 400 1722 the 1750, the south-west portion of the town, with a part of Londonderry, was set off, and forms the present township of Derry. In 1763, town called Charmwas incorporated by the that part of the ingfare, name of Candia. In 1765, anothei �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 94 was cut off, and incorporated under the name of Raymond. In 1822, a portion of Hooksett was taken from Chester. In 1845, that portion portion of the town known as Long Meadows, was incorporated under Several the name of Auburn. garrison houses were kept in town until 1749, to guard against Indian depredations. In June, 1724, they took Thomas Smith and John Carr made their prisoners, but they soon escape, and arrived safe at a garrison in Londonderry, in three days after they were captured. First Hale 1730, Ministers. Rev. (Presbyterian,) removed Moses settled in 1734; Rev. in John Wilson, settled in 1734, died in 1779. In 1740, a Congregational church was incorporated, and the Rev. Ebenezer Flagg was the first minister; he died in 1796. Rev. Nathan Bradstreet, was his successor, and so continued until 1818. Boundaries. North by Candia and Raymond, east by Fremont, south by Sandown and Derry, and west by Auburn. Distances. Seventeen miles west from Exeter, and twentythree south-east from Concord. Railroads. Six miles to Derry station on Manchester and Law- rence Railroad, six miles to Hampstead on Nashua and Rochester R. R. CHESTERFIELD. Cheshire County. The western border of this town is washed by the Connecticut river for a distance of six miles. Nearly the whole space, the hills rise abruptly from the river-side, affording but very interval land. But it is considered one of the best farming towns in the county, the uplands little being well adapted to grazing, and the production of corn, oats, It has the barley and potatoes. reputation of producing more fruit than any town in the county. Ponds and Streams. Spafford's Lake is a beautiful sheet of water situated in the north part of the Its waters are remarkably and pure, its bed being a white sand. There is a fjeautiful island in the lake, of an area of town. clear six acres, retreat. affording On its a delightful east side issues a stream, called Patridge's Brook, sufficiently large for a number of manufactories. Cat's Bane Brook many good mill sites. Mountain. West River Mountain (Wantastiquel) lies partly in this town and partly in Hinsdale. It is supposed to have been once sub- furnishes ject to a volcanic eruption. Lava can be found near the (supposed) crater. A trembling motion is often felt, and a deep rumbling is heard in the mountain, by those living near its base. The first settlers, believing the crater bed to be a silver mine, made an excavation of nearly one hundred feet, principally through a solid rock. Villages. Chesterfield has three villages very plasantly situated in different sections of the town. At the center there is an academy, Avhich was opened in 1794. Factory village is a busy place. There is one store, one hotel, one tannery, two saw mills and one large bit and auger manufactory. Employments. The larger portion of the people are engaged in farming; but there is considerable manufacturing done in the town. The capital invested in manufactories, is over $40,000, in considerable now quantities, �CHICHESTER. principally and bits, augers acres; improved land, 19,450 acres. leather, 5,500 Distances. Sixty-two miles south-west from Concord, and eleven south-west from Keene. Railroad. It is eleven miles to Keene station on the Cheshire consisting $50,000; in lumber, 910,000 feet wheel heads, 20,000 annually manufactured, and all valued at $85,000. Annual value of Resources. productions of the soil, $145,200; mechanical labor, $ 30,200 money at interest, $20,000; deposits in savings banks, $43,413; stock in trade, $14,000; professional business, $ 10,000 summer tourists, sides 95 ; ; railroad. CHICHESTER. ; Merrimack County. two other churches with no permanent pastor. There are fifteen Chichesa good farming town, the soil, in most parts, being rich, abundantly repays the cultivator for his labor. The surplus products of the farmer find a ready market in Concord, Pittsfield and Suncook. Many farmers in this town have become quite wealthy by schools in town, average length their industry. ; 2,000. Churches and Schools. Rev. Noble Fisk, dist, Methopastor; And Congregationalist, no pastor. for the year, nineteen Hotels. House at Facand Lake House at the center. Chesterfield First Settlers. was granted to twelve persons by the name of Willard and fifty-two oth- and originally called "Number One." The first settlers were Moses Smith and William Thomas, who, with their families, came up the Connecticut ers Februai-y 11, 1752 in canoes, in the fall of 1761. Their chief subsistence through the winter and spring of their first is The east part town is watered by Suncook River, which furnishes some good mill sites, and flows through some Pinkfield Pond is in fine interval. Chichester from which flows a River and Pond. weeks. Spafibrd tory village, ter year in the wilderness, consisted of salmon of the small stream south-west into the Suncook. Bear In the north part Hill. town of the is the highest eleva- under a high state of cultivation and very productive. Indians. On the banks of the Suncook were the plantations of the Penacooks, a powerful tribe of Indians, who once resided in this tion. It is and shad of which there was a great abundance in the river, and deer, which were numerous in the vicinity. forests. principally engaged in Agriculture. First Minister. Wood, Rev. Abraham Congregationalist, ordained axes &c, of Chisels, stone, are frequently discovered. Employments. The people The manufactured goods of 2,500 clapboards ; are consist 550,000 shin- in 1772, died in 1823. gles ; 270,000 feet of boards 25,000 North by Westmoreland and Keene, east by Keene and Swanzey, south by Winchester and Hinsdale, and west by Brattleborough and Dummerston Vermont. Area, 29,439 pairs women's boots and shoes; Boundaries. (See tables). Productions of the soil annually valued at $85,000; from mechanical labor, $ 10,700 carriages &c. Resources. stocks, bonds and money at interest. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 96 $ $ 17,500 ; deposits in savings banks, stock in trade, $ 4,500. Churches and Schools. There are three churches; Advent, no pas60,055 ; Cpngregationaiast, Rev. Mark Gould, pastor; Methodist, Elder Samuel Beede, pastor. There are six school districts and six schools average length for the year, nine weeks. Langinade High School tor ; fund, $ 5,000. Nathaniel Goo- First Settlers. kin and others obtained a grant of town in 1727. The first settlement was commenced by Paul this Morrill, in 1753. Rev. Josiah First Ministers. Carpenter, ordained in 1791, dismissed in 1827. North-east by Boundaries. south-east by Epsom, Pittsfield, south-west by Pembroke, and north- west by Loudon and Concord, Area 11,978 acres. Eight miles Distances. east from Concord. Railroads. Epsom Suncook Valley at Pine Ground vil- station, any, towns in the State which possess so many natural advantages and striking beauties as Claremont. Some of these are her location in Connecticut River Valley her fertile meadows and uplands; high hills, cultivated or grazed to their very tops rapid and useful rivers and brooks large and productive farms on which are neat, substantial and capacious buildings and good fences, surely indicating that they are the abodes of taste, intelligence and thrift. There is an air of plenty, comfort and prosperity throughout the town found in but very few places, even in New Eng; ; ; The land. large village is filled with extensive manufacturing establishments, workshops, stores, and public and private buildings, unmistakable evidences of industry, enterprise and wealth. The internal and surrounding hills and mountains are a continual source of pride and pleasure to her citizens and of admiration to visitors. The citizen directs the attention of strangers to Green Mountain in the lage. (XAREMONT. Sullivan County. This is the and most nourishing town in the western pai't of the State. except Keene. For many years, up to about 1860, Claremont and Keene were nearly equal in population and valuation, but, in conse- largest quence, probably, of her superior Keene has now left Claremontbehind in both these railroad facilities, Claremont retains her superiority as a farming town. It is bounded north by Cornish, east by Newport, south by Unity and Charlestown, and west by Weathersfield, Vermqnt. There are but few, if there are particulars, while east. Flat Rock and Bible Hill in the south, and Barbouis Mountain and Trisback Hill part of the town ; in and to the west Ascutney Mountain at the north-west, in full view from the village and from a large section of surrounding coun- which towers up in conical form 3116 feet above Connecticut River, covered to its top with fresh, living green in summer, all the try, rich, warm tints of the season in autumn, and a thick mantle of snow, white, cold, majestic, in winter, as one of the most picturesque and grand of the mountains of Vermont, and claims a kind of inheritance in its wonderful and ever changing beauty. �CLAREMONT. The drives in and around Claremont, over good and well worked roads, in almost every direction, are varied, attractive and pleasant. The people have been too much occupied with other pursuits to give attention to the building of hotels to "take in" strangers with which summer boarders, yet there are ample accommodations for ordinary travel. City visitors in considas numbers are entertained by private families, and many are erable hospitably received by their friends during the hot season. Few towns are more generally healthy than Claremont. Epidemics and prevailing sicknesses of any kind are unknown here, 'which is accounted for by rapid streams, exemption from fogs and the causes of them, pure water, and the generally comfortable condition and regular habits of entire the people. Claremont village is situated about three miles due east from Connecticut river, occupies a large and varid area and through it runs Sugar River. The fall of the river in the fifty feet town ; is two hundred and in the village hundred and fifty feet in it falls a a distance of about half a mile. Each footof fall is capable of turning one thou- sand spindles. ings are all The private dAvellcomfortable, well painted and well kept, while many of them are large, elegant, and surrounded by handsome yards, and flower, fruit and vegetable gardens. This village furnishes an abundant market for all the wood and agricultural productions of this and the surrounding towns, and is quite a center of trade for the western part of the county, and adjacent towns in Vermont. One 97 of the great advantages of Claremont over other towns is its water-power, derived, mainly, from Sugar River. This river is the outletof Sunapee Lake, which is nine and a half miles long and from a half mile to two and a superior wide, and lies eight hundred and twenty feet above Connecticut River. By an act of half miles the New-Hampshire Legislature, authorizing the Sunapee Dam Coi-poration, composed of mill owners along Sugar River, this lake can be feet, as may be required in any time of drouth though this has never yet been found necessary which insures an abundant supply of water during drawn down ten — seasons of the year. Sugar River is about twenty miles long from the Lake to Connecticut Rivall which it empties. It is what is called the South Branch, which has its sources in er, into fed by Lempster, Unity and Goshen, the North Branch, coming from Springfield, Grantham and Croydon, both of which it of Newport, receives in the town and other smaller streams along its course. Employments. The inhabitants of this town are engaged in agriculture, manfacturing, the various mechanic arts, different branches of trade, and the professions. The leading business, after agriculture, is the manufacture of cotton goods. Some of the larger establishments are noticed in detail. Monadnock Mills. Manufacture cotton cloths from one to three yards wide, Marseilles quilts, union Capital, and lumber. flannels, $200,000. Employ 125 males and Pay annually for la- 225 females. bor, $115,000. Produce 2,908,911 12,000 Mar- square yards sheeting ; �NEW-IJAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 98 seilles quilts ; Charles H. Eastman. 262,000 yards flannel. Total value, $ 435,000. Home Mill. A. Briggs Capital, $20,000. & Leather Employs 4 males. Co., Pays, annually, for labor, $1,300. Capital, $60,000. Cotton cloth. Employ 8 males and 20 females. Pay annually for labor, $10,000. Produce 500,000 yards sheeting, valued at $ 40,000. Sullivan Machine Co. Manufac- Produces 100,000 lbs. leather, valued at $ 30,000. Sugar River Mill Co. Manufacture flour, feed, and do custom grinding. Capital, $30,000. Era- ture Steam Dimond Drill Ma- chinery for quarrying rock, turbine water wheels, cloth measuring machines, and do general machine and mill work. Capital, $200,000. Employ 56 males. labor, $ $ 30,000. Pay annually for Products valued at 125,000. Sugar River Paper Mill (Jo. Manufacture printing paper. Capital stock, $ 100,000. and 20 females. labor, $24,000. Employ 30 males Pay annually for Produce 600 tons paper, valued at $225,000. Claremont Manufacturing Co. Manufacture paper and books, and do stereotyping and book and job printing. Capital, $ 100,000. Employ 34 males and 34 females. Pay, annually, for labor, $ 40,000. Products valued at $102,600. Ritssell Jarvis. Manufactures hanging paper. Capital, $25,000. Employs 7 males and 2 females. Pays, annually, for labor, $3,000. Produces 330,000 lbs. paper, valued $ 29,700. John S. Farrington. Manufactures straw wrapping paper. Capital $ 7,500. Employs 5 males and 1 female. Pays annually for labor $ 1,400. Produces 120 tons paper, valued at $ 7,500. Sullivan Mills. Geo. L. Balcom. Manufactures black doeskins. Capital, $40,000. Employs 20 males and 18 females. Pays, annually, for labor, $17,000. Produces 65,000 yards doeskins, valued at $75,000. at Pay, annually, for Grind 42,600 bush* els of grain, valued at $ 52,000. ploy 8 males. labor, $3,120. Saw Mills. Three saw mills, employ, a part of the males. Pay, annually, for Gapital, $8,000, year, 10 labor, $ 3,300. Saw 950,000 feet of lumber, valued at $ 13,000. Blood & Woodcock. Monuments and grave stones. Capital, $ 3,000. Employ 8 males. Pay annually foi labor, $ 3,500. Products valued at $ 10,000. Houghton, Bucknam & Co. Sash, doors and blinds. Capital, $8,000 Employ 8 males. Pay annually foi labor, $4,500. There are several boot and shoe establishments in town, employing about fifty hands, in addition to which are carriage, blacksmith, paint and tailors shops, printing 1 offices, &o. The United States census for 1870, gives thirty-three manufactories of all kinds, employing 371 males and 375 females, who annually receive for their labor, $244,100. Banks. Claremont National, cap$150,000; Sullivan Savings Institution, deposits over $ 700,000. National Eagle, Newspapers. Northern Advocate, and The Comital, pendium. Hotels. Tremont House, Sullivan House, and Junction House. Churches. Trinity Church, Episcopal, Rev. I. G. Hubbard, D. D., rector 215 communicants. Property valued at $12,500, Union ; �CLAREMONT. Church, Episcopal, West Claremont, Rev. W. B. T. Smith, rector, 33 communicants. Congregational, Rev. Levi Rodgers, pastor, 246 members. Property valued at §20, 000. Baptist, Rev. C. A. Piddock, pastor, 202 members. Property valued at §20,000. Methodist, Rev. N. N. Bailey, pastor, 239 members. Property valued at §13,000. Universalist, vacancy in pastorate, 45 members. Property valued at St. Mary's, Roman CathCornelius O'Sullivan, priest, 130 families, about 800 souls. Property valued at §15,000. Total number of churches, 7; number of members, 980; value of church property, including parsonages, where there are any, §90,500. Schools. The town is divided into nineteen school districts, with twenty-five schools. Three of the 99 has been about ninety-five scholars. Libraries. The following are the public and private libraries in town, containing 400 volumes or upwards. Fiske Free Library, 2000 vols. This was a donation to the town by Samuel native citizen, to it life, intends to add from time to time, during his and he and his wife have made provision in their wills for a lib- $10,000. eral fund for its olic, their death. have districts graded Whole number of average schools. scholars, 1216 attendance, 942; whole of school money, §5,595.88. amount Value of school-houses and lots, $38,000. Stevens High School. Col. Paran Stevens, a native of Claremont, donated to the town about §65,000 for the purpose of establishing and endowing It went inautumn of 1868. All scholars in town who have arrived at thirteen years of age, and this school. to operation in the pass the required examination, are admitted to the school, free. The town, in addition to its other school money, has appropriated for the support of this school from two to three thousand dollars a year, the balance of the expense being paid from the Stevens fund. The school building, the land on which it stands, 225.6*f and the furniture, cost §27, The average attendance P. Fiske, Esq., a who enlargement after The use of the books is free to all citizens of the town. Claremont Book Club, 500 volumes, owned by about forty-five citizens. Private libraries Otis F. R. Waite, 1550 vols. Bela Chapin, 1000; Drs. : ; N. & C. W. Tolles, medical and miscellaneous, 1000; Ira Colby, Jr., law and miscellaneous, 700; Rev. I. G. Hubbard, 800; W. H. H. Allen, law and miscellaneous, 700 Hon. H. W. Parker, law and mis- cellaneous, 600; J. S. Walker, 550; D. Baker, 1000; Rev. Levi Rodgers, 400 A. J. Swain, 450 Dr. S. G. Jarvis, 500. Railroads. Sullivan Railroad connects with the Vermont Central at Windsor, and with Cheshire, Vermont Valley and Rutland and Burlington at Bellows Falls, Vt. E. ; ; the Concord and Claremont RailConcord to Boston. The road, via Windsor and Forest Line Railroad, from Windsor, Vt., to Greenfield. X. II., to connect there with the Wilton, has been chartered, a company organized and the route surveyed. The Claremont and White River Junction Railroad has been chartered, a company organized, and a preliminary survey made. One hundred miles Distances north-west from Boston, and fifty west from Concord. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 100 Soldiers. Claremont did its full share in putting down the rebellion of 1861. The whole number of volunteers from the town, during the four years of the war, was 370 drafted men who dt afted men, 5 ; furnished substitutes, 74. Total, 449. Killed in battle, 33; died of wounds, 14; died of disease, 20. Total, 67. The quota required to be sent from each town in the State under all calls for troops, from July, 1863, was proportioned to the enrolled militia. Claremont's quota was set down at 177, and she fur- nished 206 recruits, being an excess of 29 over the number she was required to furnish. The many portions, is good fot and potatoes. Fortytwo tons of starch and 11,500 pounds of maple sugar are annualsoil, in grass, oats manufactured. ly and Streams. Clarksville Pond containing about two hundred acres, and Carr Pond about thirty, are the principal ponds in town Po?ids There are several small tributaries to the Connecticut. Resources. of the soil, labor, $ 600 ; Annual productions $32,248; mechanical money at interest and stock in the public funds, $ 5,200. Schools. There are four schools town; average length in year, eleven weeks. tlement was burg, incor- porated in 1853. Boundaries. ses Spafford for the Town First Settlement. first set- made in 1762, by ^loand David Lynde, and a charter was granted Oct. 26, 1764, to Josiah Willard, Samuel Ashley and sixty-seven others. It received its name from the country seat of Lord Clive, a distinguished English general, who then had charge of the British forces in the East Indies. The first white native of Claremont was Elijah, son of Moses Spafford, born in 1763. The minister of the town was Rev. George Wheaton, of the Congregational faith, who was ordained Feb. 19, 1772. The first minister of the Episcopal Church was Rev. Ranna Cossitt, who took holy orders in England in 1772, and in the following year entered upon the duties of his holy office. The Baptist society was formed in 1785, the Methodist in 1809, and the Univer- first settled ealist in 1826. broken and hilly, Area, 40,900 acres. By stage from Colebrook to North Stratford station on the Grand Trunk railroad, about twenty-five miles. Distances. One hundred and seventy-five miles north from Concord, forty-five north from Lancaster, and eleven north from ColePuiilroads. brook. COLEBROOK. Coos County. Colebrook is one of the most enterprising towns in Northern New-Hampshire. Withthe past twenty years it has nearly doubled its population and trebled its valuation. It is the shire town for the Northern Judicial District of Coos County. The soil in town but the is rich and easily cul- Fine intervals of considerable extent stretch along the Connecticut and the uplands are fertile, producing good crops. The tivated. Coos County. This town is in the northern part of Coos county. The is Vt. in this CL.ARKSVIL.M3. surface North by Pittsby Gilmanton and Grant, south by Stewartstown, and west by Canaan and Hall's stream, east ; �COLEBROOK. 101 quantity of potatoes raised in this labor, §36,800 town exceeds that of any town in the State, averaging more than one hundred and twenty thousand bushels annually. The larger portion of these potatoes is manu- §57,822 factured into starch. It is stated that, within a radius of ten miles from Colebrook Village, there are annually producing in the aggregate over 1100 tons of starch, and are valued at nearly §100,000. It ranks as the twenty-sixth town in the State in value of its agricultural products. fifteen starch mills, §866 ; ; money at interest, deposits in savings bank, ; stock in trade, §30,200 summer tourists, ; from §3000; profes- sional business, §10.000. Churches and ScJwols. MethoRev. J. H. Knott, pastor; Christian, Rev. William Morrill, pastor Congregational, no pastor Union, no pastor there are twelve dist, ; ; school districts and thirteen schools in town average length of schools for the year, twenty-four weeks ; amount annually appropriated for school purposes, §1,609.13. Elvers. Colebrook is watered by Connecticut and Mohawk riv- Academy. Colebrook has a considerable fund. and Beaver brook. There is considerable improved water pow- Parsons House. ers er in town. Hotel. Monadnock House and First Settlement. This There a beautiful Academy town was erable business. Coleburne and was granted to Sir George Colebrook and others. It was incor- or fifteen stores of all kinds, porated June mon and Ministers. The Church of Colebrook and vicinity was organized by Rev. John Willard, Missionary, Nov. 30, 1802, under the name of Village. is village in this town, with consid- There are twelve two hotels, three church edifices, court house, academy, four lawyers, four physicians, one dentist, besides various kinds of manufacturing comto a New-Hampshire village. The larger por- Employments. tion of the people are engaged in agriculture but there is considerable manufacturing and trade carried on in this town. The capital ; invested in starch manufactories is over §26,000, annually producing between five and six hundred tons of starch, and using over 120,000 bushels of potatoes. Nearly all branches of business are carried on such as foundry, carriage shop, lumber mills, cabinet, wool carding, jewelry, shoemaking, blacksmithing, tinware, and one woolen factory. Total value of goods annually manufactured, $158,200. Resources. Annual productions of the soil, §154,865; mechanical originally called 11, 1795. First Church Congregational the "Monadnock Church." It There was no preaching except Missionary labor until 1810, when Rev. Dyer Burge became pastor until May 5, 1815, when he was regular ly dismissed, the church numbering 43 members. Rev. Nathan Waldo preached from 1819 to 1822. Rev. Andrew Rakin from 1822 to July, 1823, when Rev. John L. Hale took his place, and continued until 1824. January, 1825, Rev. Orlando G. Thiitcher became pastor and conconsisted of ten members. tinued until February, 1829. Boundaries. North by Stewartstown, east by Dixville, south by Columbia, and west by the Con- �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. ]02 necticut river. Area, 25,000 acres improved land, 14,870. miles by North Stratford sta- Thirteen Bail roads. is done. Productions of the Besourccs. Distances. One hundred and seventy miles north from Concord and thirty-four north from Lancaster. daily stage to lumbering considerable on the Grand Trunk Railroad. It is expected that the Montreal extension Railroad will pass through Colebrook in a short time. tion, §115,400; soil, ; stock in trade, §2,500. Churches and Schools. There ar»» two churches, no regular pastors, and ten schools average length of ; schools the for year, nineteen weeks. Columbia House. Hotel. COLUMBIA. mechanical labor, §3,400 money at interest, $5,872 deposits in savings banks, §10; First Settlement. In 1770 this Coos County. The surface of this town is uneven, and broken by town was granted and named Cockburne in honor of Sir James mountains along Cockburn, one of the grantees. Incorporated December 16, 1797; received its present name in June, The its southern lim- soil is generally strong and productive. In the spring its. large quantities of maple sugar are 1811. made. Boundaries. North by Colebrook, by Dixville and ungranted lands, south by ungranted lands and Stratford, and west by Vermont. Area, 37,822 acres; improved land, 9,823 acres. A large portion of the rest of the territory consists of large tracts of heavy wood and timber land. Streams and Ponds. From the mountains descend a number of streams in a westerly direction into the Connecticut, affording many excellent water privileges. There are several ponds, the most noted of which is Lime Pond, situated near the line between this town and Colebrook. It is about one hundred and sixty rods long and fifty rods wide. The bottom is covered ly six to feet the depth of nearwith perfectly white which formed by the shells of the cyclas and planorbis species, of which myriads ealcarious marl, is still living in the waters of the pond, and are generally found collected under loose stones. Fish Pond is well stored with trout of large size. Lime-stone, in considerable quantities, is found near the outlet of this pond. Employments. Farming is the principal occupation of the people. are some manufacturing carried on. One hundred tons of starch are annually made, and There is east One hundred and six- Distances. from Concord from Lancaster. By daily stage to and ty-six miles north and thirty north Railroads. from North Stratford station, twelve miles, on the Grand Trunk The Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad, when completed, will pass through this town. Railroad. CONCORD. Merrimack County. (a city) the is Concord capital of New- Hampshire and shire town of the county. The surface is uneven, though it presents none of the abrupt acclivities, or common towns. rivers, in deep valleys, many New-Hampshire It is well watered by four two of which are of consid- �103 CONCORD. erable magnitude, The Contoocook, a river eighty miles in length, from Ilopkinton through passes the northern part of Concord and joins the Merrimack on the line between this city and Boscawen. Merrimack The river passes eastern centre; the Soucook river washes the southeastern border, and ilows in- through the to the Merrimack, forming the boundary line between this city and Pembroke; while the Turkey river, having its rise in Turkey Ponds, waters a portion of its southern part and empties into the Merrinuiek in Bow. There is some good water power on the Contoocook, at Fisherville, where there are several large manufactories. On the Merrimack, through Con- some good water no wheel is turned by its valuable power. There are five ponds, the largest of which is Turkey Pond, in the south-west; and Long Pond (or Pennacook Lake) in the north-west part. At the outlet of Pennacook Lake is a woolen mill, kit factory, &c. Turkey Pond is the source of Turkey River, which furnishes some good water power in its passage to the Merrimack. The intervals on the Merrimack are of considerable width and very cord, there are privileges, but fertile, hut perhaps a in extent andbeauty Connecticut. little inferior to those Many on the of the inter- duced three hundred and twentybushels of corn, two hundred and seventy-eight bushels of oats, anil made the annual agricultural five Another, valued produced two hundred and twenty bushels of corn and two hundred bushels of oats. Anreceipts, §3,177. at §15,000, Also, annual rec'eipts, $2,500. other valued at $15,000. Annual A market farm, receipts, $3,600. containing forty acres, valued at $ 8,000, paid for labor, $ 1 ,000 fertil; Annual $1,000. izers, receipts, The above is sufficient to show that farming in Concord pays, when it is considered that farming $5,900. real estate increases in value, on an average, at the rate of four per cent, per annum. City. Concord, owing to its great railroad facilities, the wealth and enterprise of its inhabitants, and as being the capital of the State, has become one of the most popular cities in New England. The city contains about 2,500 dweling houses, 14,000 inhabitants, and has a constant and steady increase in population and wealth, which makes investments in real estate safe and sure to increase in value, if purchased at market rates. Like many other New England cities, Concord has beea afflicted with devastating fires Within the past twenty-two years, hotels, five churches, five an every business block on Street, has been burned Out of nearly two hundred stores and shops for trade within the city precinct, all but nine have been built since that nearly vals, however, by careful husbandry, have been brought to a high state of cultivation, and produce some of the finest crops of corn and hay in the State. The plains Maine down. and the uplands, when properly date (1852.) excellent produce crops. The census of 1870, shows that a farm valued at $18,000 pro- est of the five cities in the State. cultivated, These fire casualties have made Concord, apparently, in the business portion, the young- �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 104 Large and substantial business blocks have been erected upon the ashes of the former buildings, far superior in architecture and beauBut few cities, of its size, exty. cel it in its large and expensive business blocks, hotels, fine its and excellent concrete sidewalks. If any broad and shaded streets, complaint can be made as to the beauty of this city, it is in its dense shaded streets, where, in many places, the rays of the sun A view from are nearly shut out. the dome of the Capitol, in midsummer, gives the city the appearance of a large forest, with church and domes peering above tops of the trees; and a spires the stranger, who obtained his first knowledge and view from this stand point, would be loath to believe that a city, containing twelve thousand inhabitants, nestled beneath the shade of the trees, standing at his feet. Many of the private residences are fine and ex- Nashua and Acton, Worcester and Nashua, Nashua and Wilton, at Nashua; Manchester and North Weare, at Manchester; and Suncook Valley at Hooksett or Suncook. It can be readily seen that almost any section of the country can be reached by railroad from The Concord. total number of miles of railroads in the city, besides side tracks, is over thirty. The dividend from the railroad tax exceeds that of any other town or city in the State by over $ 5,000. The passenger station is a large building and also contains the business offices of the Concord and Northern railroads. The constant increase of travel on the various which centre at lines of railroads, station, with the change of baggage and passengers from one line of road to the other, requires an enlargement of the depot, for the convenience both of the passengers and of the employees of this pensive structures, and compare favorably with fine dwellings in other cities in New Hampshire. The four Railroad Facilities. railroads which centre here together with their branches and connecting lines, within a radius of thirty-six miles, make it one of the largest railway centres at one the roads. depot in New England. At this station, passenger trains are made up with special cars, for the Montreal Railroad, Northern, Bristol Branch of the Northern, Concord and Claremont, Contoocook Valley, Concord to Boston, via Lowell, Concord to Boston via Lawrence, and Concord and Portsmouth. fully laid which virtually makes eight railroads that centre here. Besides, connections are made with the some powerful convulsion, many centuries ago. It was commenced in 1816, and was finished and occu- and Business Buildings. Public The State House is located on Main Street. The grounds extend east and west from Main to State Streets, Park and north and south from to Capitol Streets, forming nearly a square plat of over two acres. These grounds are beauti- out with fine concrete walks, ornamented with a variety of shade trees, and the whole sur- expensive and handsome iron fence. The original building was built rounded by an of Concord granite, quarried from the drifts which- were cleft from the Concord granite ledges, by �105 CONCORD. pied in 1819, for the first time. The whole cost, including grounds, was about $85,000, and it was the Chamber is on the east side of the north wing, measuring 34 by 35 feet; and there are in this most expensive edifice wing, besides, two committee rooms, measuring respectively 20 by 22 feet, and 16 by 22 £, together with the stairway leading to the chamber and Senate Gallery. In In in the State. 1805, the old capitol was en- remodeled, and enlarged at an expense of over $ 150,000. It is now considered one of the finest buildings of the kind in New Eng- tirely The land. addition to the center of the building was 28 by 50 feet, and on each wing 28 by 38 feet, making an additional area of 3,528 The superficial feet. first floor contains the Doric Hall, or what is sometimes called the Rotunda, 45 by 52 of this 45 feet is : feet; in the rear the State Library, 26 by on the you enter, right, as Council Chamber, measuring 22 £ by 24 feet, and connected with it, is the Govenor's by 18 feet; in private room, 11 the rear of this, is the Adjutant is the first, «b General's Office, consisting of two rooms connected by a double door. The larger room is 22£ feet square, In the south the smaller 15 by 22 £ . wing are the rooms of the Secretary of State consisting of a small room 12 by 18 feet, and a larger room, 21 £ by 24 feet; next to these rooms ; is the Treasurer's Office 20 £ by 21£ beyond this, is the Insurance feet; Commissioner's and Superintendent of Public Instruction room, measuring 16 by 20£ feet. On each Senate h. the south stairs wing is at the head of the Sergeant-at-Arms' the room, 16 \ by 21 £ feet, and next the office of the Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture, and beyond is the State Historian's rooms: besides there is a wide stairway, a hall extending across the wing, and a stairway leading to the Representative Hall Gallery, and roof to the Cupola. eight affords The French commodious committee rooms, well lighted, and averaging about twenty feet square. A spiral stairway leads from the base of the dome to the top of the cupola, 140 feet from the ground, upon which is surmounted a colosThe view obtained sal gilt eagle. from the windows of the cupola is very fine. Doric Hall naturally claims the It is first attention of a stranger. supported by ten columns or pilAgainst the walls of this lars. hall have been placed four large glass cases, in which have been a wide stairway, the one on the north leading to the Senate Chamber the one on the south, to the Representatives' Hall, and a door behind each, opening into the yard towards the Battle Flags of the various military organizations of New-Hampshire, who participated in the conflict to sustain the Union; also a list of battles, each regiment or battery was engaged in, is printed in gold State Street. leaf side of the library is ; On the second floor the Represen- Hall occupies the center, extending across the building, 80 feet long, and 45 feet wide. The tative's regularly arranged upon the glass. The floor is marble, tessellated in white and black squares and diamonds. The wainscoting and all the wood finishing except the stairways of this �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 106 hall, and the rest of the build- all and oak, some beautiful in color and ing, is of chesnut of which is grain. The State Library has between and 13,000 volumes besides pamphlets. It is handsomely and appropriately arranged for an in12,000 stitution of this character. Gov- ernors of the State from 1786 to the present time, handsomely painted, and set in large gilt frames. There are also the portraits of Matthew Thornton, Joseph Dudley, Jonathan Belcher, William Bernett, and Simon Bradstreet. This chamber now presents the appearance of a handsome portrait gallery. In the Senate Chamber, are fourteen portraits of Senators who have been Presidents of the Senate. In the Hall of Representatives Washington and Webster in full size also Gen. De Graaf, Gen. John Stark, Gen. Poor, Gen. Cilley, Gen. Scammell, Gen. Whipple and Gen. Henry Dearborn. All these officers, with the exception of Gen. Poor, were at the surrender of Burgoyne, at are the portraits of ; Saratoga, in 1777. Too much credit cannot be ac- corded to the Hon. Benjamin F. Prescott, Secretary of State, for his untiring effort and zeal in securing a large portion of the portraits in the Council Chamber, and many of the Generals of the revolution placed in the Hall of Representatives. is end of State Street located the is The State Prison. central part and south wing were erected 1812; the north wing in 1833. in In present antique appearance it imparts no beauty to the city, nor its the Council Chamber, are systematically arranged, upon the In walls, the portraits of all the over §40,000, and is a fine strucIn this building is a large hall, the city offices, court room, At the north and county offices. ture. The Court House and City Hall located on Main Street, north of the Capitol, and considerably elevated from the street. It was erected in 1855, at an expense of much credit to the State, in its present condition. (For fvdl particulars see State Institutions.) The County Jail is situated one mile west of the State House, and was erected in 1853. It is a beautiful edifice, built of brick, and well arranged for the purpose it was designed for. Tlie Society New-Hampshire is located on Historical Main Street, and owns and occupies a large brick building. It was established in 1823, and now has over 6,000 volumes of valuable books, besides pamphlets and newspapers. There is quite a cabinet of Indian relics and other curiosities, many of which are of an antique character also, many valuable paintings. These rooms are opened daily, and are worthy of a visit from any stranger. The City Library is in the City Hall building, and has over 7,000 volumes. Newspapers. Monitor, daily; Independent Statesman, weekly; Daily Patriot; New-Hampshire Patriot, weekly; The People, Herald, weekly Prohibition weekly. (See tables.) The Asylum for the Insane is located on Pleasant Street about one half mile south-west from the State House. The buildings are spacious, conveniently arranged, ; and present a fine and imposing ��TRADE BUILDING, BOAR]) OF CONCORD. W Li' Ol til (Tli ^' is i« H Mti w W W Mi, , . ti Nr W "Pi; 'aii gB Pi 1 If 1 : EAGLE HOTEL, Concord. 3 taf �CONCORD. appearance. control, but It under State is heavily endowed, and financially established on a basis, without requiring solid much State aid. (See State Instiis tutions.) There are many blocks fine business the in the city precinct, largest of which are Stickney's, Brown's, White's, Sanborn's, Board of Trade building, Eagle, ColumExchange, Merchant's, Rum- bian, ford, Durgin's, State, Hill, City, Phenix, Hill's, James R. Phenix Hotel, Foster's, Pickering's, Central, Masonic, Statesman, and These buildings brick structures, from 107 There are about two hundred reand shops for trade of tail stores, various kinds. stores are large, Some of these and do an annual business of nearly §100,000. Many of them are elegantly finished, and present a metropolitan appearance, comparing favorably with those of any city in the State. There are six hotels Hotels. Eagle, Phenix, Elm, and Sherman House, in the city precinct, the Washington House, at Fisherville, and the Birchdale House, at Birchdale Springs. The Eagle and Phenix are first Moore's blocks. class are large, as fine hotels, in every respect, as three to four stories high (with one exception), the lower floors being generally occupied by stores of various kinds, while the upper are used for public halls, offices, and mechanical work, The Board of Trade building is located on the corner of Maine and School and was commenced in the summer of 1872, and finished streets, in the autumn of 1873. It is with a handsome French roof, surmounted by a fine dome, in which has been three stories, placed a large illuminated clock, with four dials. The lower story while the upper conBoard of Trade rooms, Young Men's Christian Associais for stores, tains the tion rooms, offices, &c. The whole expense of the building was about $ 45,000. The geoMercantile Trade. graphical position, together with extensive railroad facilities, has caused Concord to become the centre of a large mercantile trade. There are six wholesale flour and corn stores, whose annual sales are not less than $1,800,000. its houses, and are considered are found in New England, out- Boston. The Elm and Sherman are respectable, and good houses, and receive a fair patronage from the traveling pubThe registers of these four lic. hotels show the annual arrivals to side of The Eagle and Phenix be 40,000. 14,000 each, man 12,000. and the Elm and SherThe register of one of the hotels, this season (1873), shows that it was represented by guests from thirteen States in one day. The different registers of the Eagle and Phenix frequently show daily arrivals of guests from six to ten different States. Birch-Dale House is located near Birch Dale or Concord Springs, about four miles west from the State House, and is a large and commodious house built expressly for summer boarders. Tlie These springs possess medical and the water is pronounced very beneficial to invalids who are afflicted with various properties, diseases. lar resort, It has become a popuand the house is gener- ally well filled through the warm �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 108 season. To show the popularity of the Concord Spring water, it is stated that two thousand gallons are annually sold by the glass in the city of New York alone. The house and springs are owned by Dr. Robert Hall, of Concord. The manufacManufactories. turing business of Concord is considerable, various, and, many of If Conits branches, important. cord possesses, as it is often stated, water power nearly equal to some of her sister cities, it is evi- dent that it has not been utilized, except at Fisherville, to any great extent, to propel the machinery now in use in its various manufactories; neither have they, financially received much foreign assistance, but depended upon capital belonging to the people of Concord. The carriage business has been an important branch of industry for many years. There are four manufactories, the largest of which is the Abbott, Downing Co. This firm has acquired a worldwide reputation for its fine carriages, both for durability and neatness of work. In 1813 the late Mr. Lewis Downing, then a young man of one and twenty years, came to Concord, from Lexington, Mass., and opened a wheelwright shop at the north end of Main Street. The capital with which he commenced was $125, $75 of which he invested in a good set of tools. business He commenced building common wagons with the bodies fastened down to the hind axle, and worked alone, finding ready sales for carriages he could make. After the first year his business so increased, that he employed two all the hands, which number was after- wards increased as the business demanded. In 1825 he commenced erecting shops at the south end of Main street, near his house. For twelve years he manufactured only wagons, the style of which underwent several changes. The first attempt was a wooden one reaching from the hind axle to the rocker which was soon followed by the leather thoroughbrace, and at a spring ; successive styles of eliptic springs. The first and sold chaise he made in 1826, Rev. Dr. Bouton, now residing in Concord. In 1826 he commenced the manit to the ufacture of coaches, which have since made the name of Abbott & Downing famous the country over. That year he went to Salem, Massachusetts, and engaged J. Stephens Abbott, then a journeyman coachbody maker, to come to Concord and build three-bodies. Mr. Abbott arrived in Concord, Christmas eve., 1826, and made the first coach body ever built in New-Hampshire. The first coach was completed and went out of the shop in July, 1627, and was sold to Mr. John Shepherd. Mr. Abbott, after completing his job with Mr. Downing, went to Frainingham, Mass., for the purpose of forming a business connection, but concluded otherwise, and went to Providence, R. I., and worked a short time, but not feeling contented he returned to Concord in the fall, and became a partner with Mr. Downing, January 1, 1828. Coach building became a leading feature of their business, and for the reason of the lightness, durableness, and elegance of finish of their their coaches, they way soon found into every part of New �109 CONCORD. England. It is worthy of mention that while other carriages have undergone an infinite variety of changes in style, the Concord coach was so near perfection in its line, at that early day, that it has scarcely undergone any changes in construction since. The partnership of Downing & Abbott was dissolved by mutual consent in September, 1847; Mr. Abbott continuing business in the ing his and Mr. Downing, taksons as partners, removing new shops, nearly opposite the old shops, to Phenix Hotel. These two firms remained in their respective places of business until January 2, 1865, with no ma- change, with the exception of Mr. Abbott taking his son E. A. Abbott as a partner in 1852, under the firm name of J. S. & E. A. AbIn the winter of 1849, the bott. shops of Mr. Abbott were entirely destroyed by fire but were immediately replaced with more commodious and convenient buildings. terial January 2, 1865, the two firms were dissolved, and the heavy and popular firm of Abbott, Downing & Co., was formed, and the business continued in the shops formerly occupied by J. S. & E. A. Abbott, Mr. Lewis Downing senretiring from the business ior, after active participation in it for nearly fifty-two years. This new January 1873, 1, which succeeded Downing & Morgan & Co., Abbott Downing Com- the firms of Abbott, Co., and Harvey, called the pany, with a capital of §400,000. The officers of this corporation, are Lewis Downing, President, Edward A. Abbott, Treasurer, Frank L. Abbott, Secretary and George P. Harvey, Rufus M. Morgan, J. C. Harvey, Board of control. Thus it can be seen that the small wheelwright shop established nearly sixty years before, with a capita] of $ 125, and employing but one man, has grown to a capital of $400,000 and employing over 250 men. In the spring of 1870, Mr. J. Stephens Abbott, one of the original firm, died very suddenly at his residence in Concord, and in Mr. Lewis Downing, Mr. Abbott. But few business men, in this country, have, by their own individual ef- March 1873, senior, followed as mechanics, left names more honorable, and more worthy forts, to be handed down through life's great drama, for generations to come, than Lewis Downing and J. Stephens Abbott. To show the constant increase of their business, it can be stated that when Messrs. Downing and Abbott formed a partnership in 1828, there were four forges in when the partnership again formed in 1865, there firm continued in business until a their shops change was made in January, 1873. In the meantime another large carriage establishment had grown up in Concord under the name of Harvey, Morgan & Co., and for several years had been doing quite an was extensive business. By previous act of the Legislature, an incor- the value of § 500,000. The question is often asked why Concord coaches and carriages porated company was established, ; were twenty-four forges and now company have thirty-five. They employ 250 men with an annual pay-roll of §168,000, and prothe duce carriages of various kinds to �110 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. have such a world-wide reputation. The reason principal is the thoroughness of work, and always securing the best materials, and the best skilled labor. No paint is ever allowed to cover any dein fect wood the or would have a tendency iron, to that weaken the carriage, on any consideration. Many parts of wheels, or other work have been stove before eyes of the workman, which Mr. Downing used to say) Avas the (as the most emphatic and cheapest argument he could produce to let his workmen know that no sham work was allowed in their shops. Their carriages have been sent to nearly every quarter of the no firm in Snake Hill) commence about one mile from the Capitol, north-west, and extend along for over two miles nearly parallel with the Concord and Claremont railroad. Mr. Luther Roby, now living in the city, (1873) first opened this ledge on the southerly base and near what is called the " Pulpit." The piers for the Federal bridge came from this opening also the stone was boated down the Merrimack, to Manchester, by Mr. Roby ; and son, for the basement of the Manchester depot. They sent the first Concord granite to Lowell, Mass. The ledge now being so successfully worked by Mr. Hollis, was also opened by them. But globe, and, doubtless, the this country tion with other popular quarries in is, at this date, as well known as the firm of Downing & Company, makers, Concord N. H. The total value of (including Abbott, carriage carriages repairing) annually produced in the city is about $ 600,000. The Granite business is an important branch which has grown to large proportions within the past twenty years. Granite of the best quality has been known to abound in Concord for rnany years, but was quarried from large drifts or bowlders, which at some age in the past, were parts of the main ledge which had been cleft asunder by some violent convulsion of naThese drifts from the granite ledges in Concord have been found as far south as Massachusetts line, but never to any distance northward eastward or westward. From these drifts, the stone for the Old State House, and other buildings ture. was quarried. The granite ledges, (or Rattle first great successful competi- Maine and Massachusetts, was in securing the contract to furnish the granite for the Merchants' Bank, Boston. Blocks of granite one foot square dressed in various forms were sent from Hallowell, Maine, Rockport, Quincy and some other quarries. Mr. Roby had the apparent temerity to send his block from the Concord quarry, and after careful examination as to merits of the granite from each quarry, the contract was given to Mr. Roby, the price hardly coming in as competition but the quality of the stone. It has been ascertained, by eminent chemists and geologists, that the stone from the Concord quarries, is perfectly free from oxides or other mineral substance, which on exposure to the atmosphere, would mar the beauty (if some New England granite. The award of this contract soon established the reputation of Concord granite, as being the then Dest in market. When the quarry-men �CONCORD. at Qnincy, only six miles distant from Boston, found that preference was given to granite quarried seventy miles away, they showed that shrewdness characteristic of Massachusetts business men, by securing nearly all the control of these ledges, and the heavy contracts pertaining tbereto and to; day the granite business cord, is in Con- largely controlled by peo- ple residing in Massachusetts. Mr Jfcoby for the furnished the stone at Ports- Custom House, mouth, the Brooks house at Medford, and many other buildings, besides much of the stone work in the buildings in Concord. Like all new enterprises where goods are introduced into the market, and the competition is in the qual- Ill $ 125,000 employ 75 men annual pay roll, $45,000; tan 15,500 ox hides, valued at $ 186,000, and manufacture 780,000 feet of belting, of various widths, valued at ; $350,000. ; Eastman Samuel & Co., belting and leather hose, cap- $ 15,000, employ eight hands, annual production, $ 40,000. Concord and Northern Railroad's maital, chine shops, employ 204 men annual pay roll, $ 138,000; receipts, $ 290,000: Ford & Kimball, found- employ 50 men annual pay $ 30,000 value of production, $ 165,000. William P. Ford & Co., foundry, employ 35 hands; pay roll, $ 20,000 annually produce sinks, stoves, plows, harrows and other castings valued at $ 54,000. Dunkley & Allen, machinists employ 24 hands, annual pay roll, ry, roll, ; ; ; instead of the price, and frequently much money is expended before actual profits are realized, the introduction of the Concord granite was not an exception. Mr. Roby may have the satisfaction of knowing he has been the means of first introducing this granite to ture Palmer carriage springs, ploy 16 men; annual pay the country and making it the gold mine of Concord ; but it is feared that the credit which he is rightfully entitled to, has not been ac- production, $429,000 Five harness shops, annual products, $ 240, ity, corded to him. In 1854, there were about thirty men employed in the granite busi- There are now ( 1873) in these quarries, $ 420,000 invested, employing 491 men with an annual pay roll of $ 364,000, and annually producing stone in the rough, and dressed, to the value of $ 775,000. ness. This stone is now used for building purposes in nearly all the large cities on the Atlantic slope. Tlie Page Belting Co. tan leather under Page's patent tanning process, for belting ; capital invested, production, $12,000; $40,000. & manufac- Joseph Palmer Co., emroll, annual production, $ 50, Four bedstead and furniture manufactories employ 280 hands; annual pay roll, $ 125,000 annual $ 13,200 ; 000. ; 000. W. B. Durgin, manufacturer of pure silver spoons, forks and napkin rings, annual value of production, $ 75,000. There are also manufactured cotton goods, $ 235, 000 woolen goods, $ 250,300 melodeons and organs, $ 120,000 confectionery and bread, $100,000; sale boots and shoes, $150,000; printing, newspapers, job printing, $ 110.000; monuments and grave stones, $60,000; doors, sash, blinds and window frames, $50,000; lumber, sawed, planed and ; ; ; matched, Blanchard $ 99,675 churns, $ 50,000 silver plating ; ; �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 112 $7,000; book binding, $20,000; picture frames, $70,000; photograph business in its various forms, $55,000; plaster ground, gas, $45,000; meal ground, $40,000; organ and melodeon keys, organ and melodeon reeds, organ and piano stools, artificial limbs, mackerel kits, excelsior, cement pipe, gas and steam fittings, files, $9,000; stencil plates; be- are carpenters, stair builders, slate and gravel roofers, undertakers, upholsterers, custom boot and shoe workmen, blacksides there smiths, tailors, milliners, and vaThe total cap- rious other trades. invested in manufactories of employing all kinds is $ 2,276,300 2,145, men and boys, and 364 womital ; who annually receive for their producing manufactured goods, to the value of *The number of $4,600,000. males and females engaged in insurance, banks, stores and shops as en, labor, $ 1,329,500, proprietors or clerks, hotel clerks, book keepers &c, is estimated at 1,540. There are 28 lawyers, 22 physicians, 5 dentists, 28 clergy- men, besides school teachers, male and female. Resources. All the resources in relation to stocks and bonds are taken as are individually given to the assessors under the law. It is stated that there are in this city, over $1,000,000 personally invested in western railroad stocks and bonds. Productions of the soil, $338,068 mechanical labor, $1,329, 500, clerical and professional busi; ness is estimated, at $924,000*; stocks and bonds, $224,000; money deposits in at interest, $180,180; savings banks, $1,170,580; stock in trade, $774,693. Public Works. Water has been introduced into the city precinct, and pipes have been laid through nearly all the streets, with hydrants placed at proper distances, The water to guard against fire. is taken Pennacook Lake, from lying about three miles north-west from the Capitol, and oyer one hundred feet above its foundation. The water of this pond has long been noted for its purity, and has the capacity to supply a city many times larger in population than Concord. These works have been put in very substantially, and great attention has been given to have durable pipes, and of such material as not to impregnate the water with any mineral substance in the least. The whole expense not far from $300,000. No city in the country stands better guarded against large, devastating fires, than Concord does to-day, with an abundance of water, and one of is the most efficient to use fire departments it. Sewerage. The city precinct has been surveyed, and an extensive plan of sewerage been draughted, which, when the plans are fully carried out, will give the city excellent drainage. Much of tinn, This includes clergymen, lawyers, phy- sician*, merchants, landlords, bankers, rail- book keepers, National, State, County, City officials, &c Ac, Doubtless the cities and large towns have a larger per cent, than the average through the State. road officials, clerks, ., In this view of the foregoing facts, Concord, The censns of 1870, gave the number of persons in New-Hampshire, engaged in professional and personal services, trade and transportation, of ten y -Mrs of age and over, * at 27,042, or over 8}^ per cent, of its popula- with scarcely any large cotton or woolen manufactories, and the capital of the State, must have at least 11 per cent, of its popula- tion, or 1540 persons, vocations. employed in the above �CONCORD. Ihe work has already been done East Concord there with two in masonry and the whole plan will be consummated within a few years. The whole the most substantial expense is estimated There are also good school-houses, and graded schools at West Concord and- Fisherville. Nearly all of these large brick houses have been built within the past twenty years, at an expense, including $100,000. There are four bridges in the over the Merrimack, and three over the Contoocook river. All of these are large and expencity sive bridges. The Federal grounds, of not less than $150,000. One of the most important literary institutions in the country is located about two miles west of the State House, called St. Bridge, which leads to East Concord, is of wrought iron, and was ei-ected in the spring of 1873, at an expense, including stone work, of Paul's over School. copal represent There are fifty schools which thirty-two But few towns or are graded. cities have made more rapid pro- The Schools. in the city, of in sive Church ' June 8, 1859; CongregaWest Concord, September 21, 1869; Old North Congregational Church, November 18, 1870, and the North Congregational, June 29, 1873. The Unitarian,- South and West Concord, have been replaced by more substantial and expensive edifices, and the North thirty-one weeks; in the city there ; ferent sections of the city. At for tional at 1874. and built at an expense of from $15, 000 to $60,000 each besides there are several smaller houses in dif- Concord, tional, will five large, brick school-houses in Edifices. Unitarian, November 2d, 1854; then followed the South Congrega- age length of schools for the year the city precinct, from four to six commodious school rooms each, (See literary Insti- worship being destroyed by fire. The first house destroyed was the $24,047.45, There are buildings are very fine, extenand expensive, and the the past nineteen years, has suffered severely in its houses of public the city precinct, are primary intermediate, first and second gramThe avermar, and high school. precinct, forty weeks. students of the Union. tutions.) In 185-1, the total amount of money appropriated for school purposes was $5,536, being $2.40J In 1872, the to each scholar. is its grounds around them are beauti- past twenty years, than Concord. averaging $9.21 to each scholar. The high school is under the instruction of J. D. Bartley, as principal. In this department, such branches of study are taught, that, at the expiration of four years, a scholar is prepared to enter any college. The grades of schools in all parts fully laid out. public schools, for the amount expended was under Epis- It is and control, $26,000. gress a fine brick departments. is house, about at 113 be rebuilt in the season of Where is now, the old North stood, 1873, being built a large brick school house. The following and are the churches, denominaNorth Congregational, Rev. F. D. Ayers South Congregationpastoi's of various tions. : Rev. Blake; IstCalvinistic W. Faunce; Freewill Baptist, Rev. Silas Curtis; al, S. L. Baptist, Rev. D. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 114 Pleasant street Baptist, Rev. H. G. Safford; Methodist, Rev. E. A. est of the village. Drew; Episcopal, Rev. J. H. Eames, D. D. Unitarian, Rev. J. F. houses. ; Lovering; Universalist, Rev. E. L. Conger, pastor; Catholic, Rev. J. E. Barry; Second Advent, Elder At East Concord, J. G. Hook. Congregational. At West Concord, Congregational, Rev. H. B. Putnam. At Fisherville, C. Baptist, no pastor; Catholic, Rev. J. E. Barry; Methodist, Rev. S. P. Heath, pastor. There are also clergymen of the following persuasions, residing in Concord, viz., C. Baptist Rev. Congregational, Moses Gerald Rev. Nathaniel Bouton, D. D., Rev. H. A. Kendall, Rev. S. Utley, Episcopal, Rt. Rev. W. W. Niles, Bishop of the Diocese, Rev. H. A. Coit, D. D., Rev. J. H. Coit, Rev. Hall Harrison, Rev. John Hargate, and Rev. R. A. Benton; Methodist, Rev. Elisha Adams. The value of church property within the city precinct is not less than $ 225,000. East Concord is locaVillages. ted across the Merrimack, about two miles from the State House. ; Here is a plaster mill, saw mill, brick yard, belting and leather hose manufactory, store, post office, graded school house, about sixty dwellings. West Concord is about two miles north-west from the Capitol. There is a woolen mill, large, brick, •hurch edifice, and kit factory, two stores, chui'ch, and about sixty house, dwellings. school (For Fisherville, see Boscawen.) two miles Millville lies about west from the State House. Paul's School and now is is located St. here, the absorbing inter- There is a mill, and a number of fine dwelling About one mile directly east of the State House, across the Merrimack, by the free bridge road, and what is called the plain, has been commenced a pretty village. Within the past year, thei-e have been erected fifteen or twenty dwelling houses, and a fine school house. It bids fair to be quite an auxiliary to the growth and wealth of the city precinct. Banks. There are seven banks First National National State Capitol, National Savings, New Hampshire Savings, in the city, viz. Merrimack County Savings, Loan and Trust Savings in city precinct; and Pennacook Savings Bank, at Fisherville. Total capital in Nabanks, tional Total $350,000; in the five sav- amount deposited ings banks, $3,381,081.21. (See tables.) Natural and acquired Resources. As can be seen, the granite ledges of Concord are a mine of Avealth, but at present the only resource is the pay which the quarrymen get for labor and the farmers realize from the sale of the land where the ledges are located. This is valuable, but it would be better to have the profit on the stone stop here instead of going to Boston. The supply may be considered inexhaustible, and will last for many generations yet to come. It is stated by competent judges that the water power in Concord is valuable, and is excelled by but few towns in the State in unimproved privileges. Sewall's Falls, in the Merrimack, are about three miles from the State House. The width of the river at this point is �115 CONCORD. only two hundred and thirty feet. The expense of a dam here has been estimated, by competent engineers, to be about forty thousand dollars; and by taking the water from the west end of the dam, through a canal, for a distance of about three miles, to the city proper, would produce a fall of over twenty-one feet, and a constant flow of water in the driest time, of twelve hundred feet per second. This power is equal to running twenty cotton mills of five thousand spindles each, and requiring one hundred and twenty operatives to each mill, or three thousand in all. The whole expense to prepare this power ready to place mills on is estimated by Gov. James A. The acquired resources are in its and the completion of the Concord and Rochester Railroad, and extension of the Contoocook Valley Road, from Hillsborough to Peterborgreat center; railroad ough, together with the completion of the Hoosic Tunnel, will still largely increase its railroad It being the capital of facilities. induces the State come here quently adds to ulation, many men its which are gradually From creasing. to and consewealth and pop- to reside, in- 1871 to 1872, its ratable polls increased 361. With the advantages above mentioned there is no reason why Concord should not annually increase all in wealth and population for many two hundred and sixtyfive thousand dollars, and if all the power was utilized, it would make an additional population of nearly years to come, and hold her rank with her sister cities in the State. ten thousand inhabitants. It may be well to state that there are good facilities for erecting mills the territory of Concord, was made by parties living in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1663, but, not complying with the provisions of the grant, Weston at on the east or west side of the er, at the foot of the falls, riv- without the expense of a canal two or three miles. Land for a mile square around the falls can be purchased farm land in at the rate per acre of that vicinity. We quote the words of the efficient civil engineer, Hon. James A. Weston, who made the survey of this valuable power, in 1871 " Nature seldom offers to the hand of man a more favorable location, or greater facilities for the creation of a large and successful manufacturing business." At the south-east extremity of the city are Garven's Falls, in the Merrimack. The power here is considered valuable, but we have no means of knowing its full capacity. First Settlements. The first petition for a grant of land comprising they forfeited their right. Fiftyone years after the first grant they again petitioned to have the original grant of 1663 confirmed to them. They contended that tbe first grantees built a trading house on the tract, forty years before, and it is supposed was built on the east Merrimack. the inhabitants of Essex it side of the In 1721 County, many of them living in Haverhill and vicinity, petitioned the government of Massachusetts for a grant of land called Pennacook, and conveying nearly the same territory of the Salem grant sixty-two years before. Benjamin Stevens, Ebenezer Daniel Kimball, Austin Mitchell, and one Eastman, John Osgood, �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 116 hundred and fourteen others were Not fully succeed- the petitioners. effort, in 1725, a signed by the five persons above named, who acted as a committee for the rest of the former petitioners, was presented, asking the government to review the request of their former petiThis second attempt proved tion. successful, with certain provisions to be fulfilled on the part of the ing in their new first petition, The 1801. first grist mill was built on a small brook running through East Concord. In 1732, a grist mill and saw mill were built on Turkey river, at ville. what is now called MillThe burying ground was out in laid Prior to 1730, 1730. the meetings of the grantees were holden in Bradford, Mass. The town meeting was holden first at November 10, Henry Rolfe was chosen the meeting house, 1730. grantees. moderator and Benjamin Rolfe, was to be divided hundred and three lots, and one hundred persons were to be admitted and each pay five pounds and build a good dwelling house, and break up and fence six clerk. acres of land within the space of settled in the vicinity of Concord. The territory into one three years, after the land The first be made on the was sur- In 1733, " Penney Cook" was incorporated by the government of Massachusetts under the name of Rumford. The Pennacook tribe of Indians They were the most powerful and veyed. fifty settlements waidike tribe in the valley of the to east side of the Merrimack, and all other tribes in this vicinity were subservient to them. Passaconnaway was their first chief known to the white settlers in New-Hampshire, and always kept good faith with the and the houses to be built on not more than twenty rods apart, in a regular defensible river, the home lot Also that a good, convenient house for the worship of God, be completely finished within the same space of time that the first minister should have one full share with the rest, the lot to be laid out adjoining the meetingposition. ; lot. One lot for the support of schools forever, and one other, a ministerial lot of equal value with the rest. The survey of these house was deferred till May 10, 1726. Samuel Ayer is supposed to be the lots man who ploughed a field in Concord. Ebenezer Eastman and family were the first who settled in town, and came here in 1727. The first white female child born in town, was Dorcas, daughter of E. Abbott, who died in 1797. The first male child was born of the same parents in 1730, and died in first English. Tradition gives it that he was the chief Sagamore of the tribes in this section of all New- England, as early as 1629. This tribe were opposed to the Christian religion and refused to pray to God for assistance; but the settlers never received any harm from them as a tribe, probably not as much as was administered to the Indians by the white men. The only Indian foe they feared were the Mohawk tribe, living in New- York, on the Mohawk river. There was a deadly feud between these two many men trod tribes for the white years before the soil of The site of an New-England. fort, on the east side of the Merrimack, is pointed out where Indian �CONCORD. two tribes met in deadly conand victory decided in favor of the Pennacooks. But there was no reporter to record the heroic deeds of valor displayed on either side, and tradition tells the tale. these flict The first Indian depredation committed upon the settlers of Concord, was in 1742, of Jonathan when the wife Eastman was taken These hostile attacks were instigated by the French, captive. who then held control of Canada, and these Indians came from that vicinity. In 1746, there were seven garrisons in " Rumford" for the protection of the inhabitants. with all But these precautions, .Mon- August 11, 1746, they ambushed and killed Lieut. Jonathan Bradley, Samuel Bradley, John Lufkin, day, John Bean and Obadiah Peters; and Alexander Roberts and William Stickney were taken prisoners. This sad tragedy occurred about one and one half miles west from the State House, on the Hopkinton road, as they were going to a fort about half a mile beyond where they were massacred. Four of the Indians were killed and two were wounded. There is no doubt but they intended to have made an attack on Concord, as there were over one hundred in the party who committed these murders. Through some source, the Indians learned that the town had been reinforced by soldiers sent from Exeter under Captain Ladd, only the day before, and thus the assault was evaded. After this ambush of the Bradleys and others, they made a precipitate retreat, for fear of an attack by the soldiers and inhabitants from the forts. In 1837, a granite monument was erected near the scene of this trag- 117 edy, by the late Richard Bradley (a relation of some of the victims) of this city. After it was erected with formal ceremonies, Mr. Brad- ley presented the deed of convey- ance of the monument and grounds, to the New-Hampshire Historical which was received by Society, the ton, Rev. Dr. Nathaniel Bouand being duly recorded was deposited in the society archives. The monument stands on a little eminence in a pasture, by the street leading to Millville a'nd Hopkinton, and is placed on a mass of cobble stone, uncovered by earth and sod, or even fenced. A more lonely and desolate spot is not to be found in Concord, especially when one's mind reverts back to this dark and bloody deed, and, as your eye glances through bush and brake, a nervous feeling comes over youjhat perhaps the unerring rifle of the red man is still pointing at the heart to draw the life blood of his unwary victim. (For the honor of Concord, some measure should be taken to have this made more respectWith the exception of the sacred spot able.)* no public place is visited by strangers, being but one half mile from St. Paul's school, which is repre sented by nearly every state in the State House, more frequently union. Besides the foregoing deed no serious trouble ever occurred from the Indians, aside from killing a &c, For many years was a long controversy between the proprietors of Bow and few cattle, there Concord, relative to certain rights of territory. In 1727, Bow received * At a meeting of the members of the His was voted to hav* turical Society (1*73) it these grounds appropriately arranged. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 118 a grant of land, nine miles square, from certain authority in NewHampshire, which covered nearly the whole territory which was granted to the proprietors of PenThis of course led nacook. to conflicting authority between the respective grantees. This trouble was finally settled by the government of New-Hampshire's incoiporating the parish of Concord with town rights, in 1765, and including a large portion of the land previously claimed by Bow. Perhaps but few people are aware how the act for the incorporation of Concord was couched. It com- menced " An as follows Act for setting off a part of town of Bow, together with some land adjoining thereto, with the inhabitants thereon, and make them a Parish, investing them with such privileges and immunities as towns in this parish have and do enjoy." To this parish, in the town of Bow, was given the name of Concord, which means harmony and agreement with onethe another. of the legislature, and for a long time, Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas. He died in 1822. Benjamin Thompson, afterwards as Count Rumford, was a resident of Concord for many years, and married a daughter of Rev. Timothy Walker. He held known various important military offices under the British crown, and on leaving the service, he was hon- ored with the title of Count. He afterwards received the honor of knighthood. He died in France in 1814. Franklin Pierce, born in Hillsborough, but long a resident of this city, was U. S. Senator, and President of the United States, be- sides filling ble offices. bore their full share in furnishing men in the struggles of the revolution, and the blood of her sons helped to seal the covenant which made us a free and inde- pendent nation, as it did also to defend it from being broken in twain, in 1861. many minor responsiHe died here, in 1869. Isaac Hill came to Concord in was a printer by trade was 1809 ; ; soon an editor of a political paper, and wielded a powerful influence in the State, for many years. He filled the offices of State Senator, U. Senator, and Governor of the S. State. The people of Concord and money member He died in 1850. There are many other prominent men, who have lived in Concord but space will not permit us to mention them. It is enough to say, however, that she has furnished her full share of public men, who have filled honorable positions, both in the State and nation. First Ministers. Rev. Timothy Distinguished Men. Hon. Timothy Walker, son of the Rev. Timothy Walker, born in 1737, graduated at Harvard in 1756, filled va- Walker was the first minister, and came here in 1726, and was settled town offices, and served in a campaign under Gen. Sullivan; member of the convention which framed the Constitution in 1784; ordinary intellectual powers, and they were always used to promote the best interests of the town, for, unlike to-day, he did not act as the pastor of a church, but of the rious afterwards, for several years, a in 1730. He died in 1782. Mr. Walker was a man of more than �119 CONWAY. while town. Under his ministry, whole people were united, under one congregation, and he died lamentAt the ed by all who knew him. time of the trouble with Bow, the town sent Mr. Walker to England no less than three times, relative fifty-two for to years, the troublesome question, as this their agent. 919 acres; area of improved land, 20,090 acres. Latidude, 42 deg. 15 min. north longitude, about 71 deg. 30 Distances. Seventy-three miles north-west from Boston, and five hundred and seventy-four miles north-east by east from Washington, Rev. Israel Evans, ordained in Rev. dismissed in 1797. 1789; Asa McFarland, D. D., settled in Dr. McFar1798, died in 1827. land was greatly beloved by his people, and died deeply lamented. Concord was sec. west from Greenwich. D. C. CONWAY. Carkoll County. The surface town is uneven, except on the rivers, where there is some of this fine interval land, which produces &c, fine crops of corn, rye, To in- cultivate the upland requires pa- corporated, crops. trial, The July 6, 1849. was adopted, on the fifth The vote in March, 1853. tient labor to get a fair return of charter in the county, in its production of City Charter. then stood, 828 in favor, and 559 The mayors against a charter. have been, under the new charter, 1855, Rufus 1853, Joseph Low; John Abbott; Clement; 1856, 1859, Moses T. Willard; 1861, Moses Humphrey; 1863, Benjamin F. Gale; 1865, Moses Humphrey; 1840, 4,903; 10,889; and the fourth first in its town total value of agricultural productions. Swift, PeeRivers and Ponds. 1775, 1,747; 1820, 2,838; quawket Pond are the principal 1850, 8,584; 1860, various decades, as follows 1790, ranks as the quawket, and Saco, are the princiThe Saco is about rivers. twelve rods wide, and two feet It has been known to rise deep. over twenty-five feet in twentySwift and Peequawfour hours. ket rivers discharge themselves There are some into the Saco. valuable water privileges in this Walker's Pond and Petown. 1866, John Abbott; 1868, Lyman D. Stevens; 1870, Abraham G. Jones; 1872, John Kimball. The population has been, at the 1,052; corn, It 1870,12,241. : The popula- pal collections of water. Elevations. tion at the present time (January, and Greene The 18740 is estimated at 14,000. assessed value of personal and elevations. real estate, in March, 1873, was Its true value, over §9,000,000. no doubt, is over §12,000,000. North by CanterBoundaries. bury and Boscawen, east by Loudon and Pembroke, south by Bow and Hopkinton, and west by HopArea, 40, kinton and Boscawen. Pine, Rattlesnake, hills are the principal On the south side of a detached block of granite, or bowlder, which doubtless owes its present position to some violent action of nature. Pine Hill is On the bank Medical Spring. of Cold brook, is a spring strongIn ly impregnated with sulphur. some cases, it has cial to invalids. proved benefi- �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 120 Scenery. Some of the finest views of the White Mountains are obtained from North Conway. Many tourists spend the summer month in this beautiful mountain scenery town. At North Conway quite a village has grown up the dwelling houses being principally owned by men in some of the large ; cities, who remove their families here to remain through the warm season of the year, There are also eight or ten large hotels and boarding houses, for the accommodation of visitors who do not wish to live in private houses. Every inducement is offered to make this mountain retreat a desirable location for men who have families and do not desire their children to be deprived of school privileges too much. At North. Conway are good schools, a fine academy, two or three churches, and all such privileges as are desired in cities, can be obtained making it a desirable opportunity to enjoy a fine mountain scenery through the summer, which many are improving. The number of tourists who stop permanently through the summer months, is estimated at over 2,000 besides thousands who come and go as they pass through the mountain region. There are several here, thus manufactories at North Conway, and eight or ten stores of various kinds. At Conway village there several manufactories, of various kinds, three or four stores, bank, three or four hotels, church ai*e and school house. It is a very desirable and pleasant village to live in, and many tourists stop here through the summer. Employments. Agriculture and keeping summer boarders, are the principal vocations of the people. The farmers receive a good return for all their products they have to The mechanical work is considerable. Over 75 tons of sell. straw board is annually made, 12,000 sides of leather tanned; val- ued at $84,000 375,000 feet of lumber sawed 6,800 bushels of grain ground 75 harnesses made, besides various other mechanical works. The total value of goods annually manufactured, of all kinds, is SU6, 500. (See tables.) The town has voted to exempt from taxation all manufactories for a certain length of time, provided there be $ 10,000 invested in the manufactory. Resources. Productions of the soil, 8 113,299; mechanical labor, $ 19,500 money at interest, § 12, 200; deposits in savings banks, $24,553; stock in trade, $37,200; ; ; ; ; from summer tourists, estimate, professional business, $ 160,000 $ 12,000. Churches and Schools. Methodist, Rev. Joseph Hawks, pastor. At North Conway, Baptist, Rev. P. J. Chapin, pastor; Congregational, Rev. D. P. Eastman, pastor Episcopal, Rev. S. H. Hilliard, rector. There are nineteen schools in town average length for the year, fourteen weeks. " North Literary Institution. Conway Academy, W. H. Bates, ; ; 1 ' principal. Hotels. Conway House, Grove Hotel, Pequawket House. At North Conway, Kiarsarge House, Sunset Pavilion, McMillen House, Washington House, North Conway House, and Interval House. These Hotels are all fine buildings, and all do a good business through the summer. Each proprietor tries to excel to make their guests feel at �121 CONWAY. home, while under their hospitable roof horses are always at the command of travelers to convey them to any of the many attractive points in and around Conway. — nearly through October, but the two great months are July and August, when fully three thousand people are stopping here, so that North Conway may well be called Hfe KIARSARGE HOUSE. The Kiarsarge House and elegant is a new hotel, erected during the year 1872, and has accommodations for three hundred guests. It is delightfully located in the very heart of the mands fine A village, views in and comall direc- band of music is engaged for each season, and with a daily arrival of one hundred to one hundred and fifty persons, a lively and animated scene is presented at all times of the day and tions. fine evening for in addition to its own guests, it is made an exchange or centre where guests from the other ; hotels, are sure to who may meet friends either be stopping tem- porarily, or passing through the place, on their way to the moun- tains. With the present railroad facili- ties for reaching this point, there no doubt but it must become one of the most popular resorts in is Visitors begin to come here as early as May, and remain the State. the Saratoga of the mountains. Daniel Foster obtained a grant of this township, October 1st, 1765, with the condition that each grantee should pay a rent of one ear of Indian corn annually, for the space of ten years, if demanded. The first settlements were commenced here in 1764, '65 First Settlements. and '66, by James and Benjamin Osgood, John Dolloff, Ebenezer Burbank and others. First Ministers. iel Rev. Nathan Porter, D. D., Congregational, settled here in 1778, dismissed in 1815. North by Chatham by the State of Maine south by Eaton and Madison, and west by Madison and Albany. Area 23,040 acres. Improved land, 9,965 acres. Boundaries. and Bartlett, east ; Seventy-two miles from Concord, and twenty-five north from Ossipee. Railroads. "Portland and Ogdensburg, 11 and " Great Falls and Distances. north-east �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 122 Conway" to this Railroads, are completed the first from Port- town ; from Portsmouth. These two roads, when completed, land, the latter will make Conway a great railroad the soil is and bonds, $3,600 $35,016; est, banks, mechan- $172,664; from ical labor, $8,000 ; ; money in stocks money at inter- deposits in savings $26,516; stock in trade, $4,500. center, Churclies CORNISH. and ScJwols. churches, four viz. There are Episcopal, W. B. T. Smith, rector; Methodist, Elder B. P. Spaulding, pastor. At Cornish Flat Baptist, Rev. H. C. Leavitt, pastor Con- This town with the exception of that part which lies on the river. The soil is fertile, well cultivated, and adapted to the growth of wheat, Rev. corn, oats, barley, grass and fruit. There is but one other town in the pastor. county which produces as much wheat and fruit. Capt. Chester Pike has the best farm-house in the year, seventeen weeks. Sullivan County. is hilly, Minerals. Good lime stone occurs in various locations. Crystals of red oxide of titanium have been found. Jewelers value these crysthe highly, name ; gregational, Rev. C. sell them under Venus hair stone." and of " On Bryant's brook, silver ore has been discovered. Also, spruce-yellow paint is obtained in considerable quantities. River and Streams. Connecti- cut River waters the western border of Cornish. A fine bridge spans town Vermont. the river and connects this with Windsor village, There are several small streams which afford some water power. Employments. Agriculture is the general pursuit of the people. Several farms are under a high There is state of cultivation. but very little manufacturing in town. (See table of manufactories.) Resources. Cornish is one of the most wealthy towns in the county, and its resources are principally derived through farming. The annual value of the productions of M. Palmer, There are fifteen schools Average length for the in town. The Connecticut River Hotels. Union House. This town was granted to Rev. Samuel McClintock and sixty-nine others, June House ; at the Flat, First State. tals : 21, Settlers. It 1763. was first settled by emigrants from Sutton, Massachusetts, in 1765. First Ministers. Rev. James Welman (Cong.) settled in 1768 dismissed in 1785. Rev. Joseph Rowell, ordained in 1800 dismissed in 1828. Rev. Ariel Kendrick, (Bap.) ordained in 1801. Episco; pal society formed in 1793. North by Plainsouth by Claremont, and west by Windsor, Vermont. Area, 23,160 acres. Boundaries. field, east by Croydon, Distances. Twelve miles north- west from Newport, and fifty miles north-west by west from Concord. Railroads. Sullivan Railroad, seven miles from the village of Cornish Flat, passes through the town. The nearest depot, from which there is a public conveyance to Cornish Flat is Claremont, ten miles, the terminus of the Sugar River Railroad, and Lebanon, ten miles, on the Northern (N. H.) Railroad. �CROYDON CROYDON. moist and produces valuable crops. Mountains. Croydon Mountain extends across the western part of the town, and is the highest elevation in Sullivan County. Rivers and Ponds. The north branch of Sugar River crosses it in a south-westerly direction, and affords some of the best water power there is in the county, though at the present time but very little improved. The Sugar River Railroad passes within five or six miles of this valuable water power, and no doubt within a few years much of it will be improved by valuable mills of various kinds. There are several ponds, the largest of which are Long Pond, Rock Pond, Gov- and ernor's Some Spectacle of these stored with Ponds. Employments. Croydon is considered a farming town, and for years it has enjoyed the reputation of furnishing the best qualities of butter and cheese of any town in the county. About 200,000 feet of lumljer is annually sawed. Also a mill to manufacture Excelsior. Annual value of agme- ricultural products, $82,475; chanical labor, $3,000 deposits in savings banks, $28,225. ; Schools. Area, 26,000 acres. Forty - four miles Distances. north-west from Concord and six from Newport. Railroads. Six miles to the depot at Newport, on the Sugar River Railroad. DALTOIV. Coos County. The western and southern part of this town is hilly. The soil on the high land is fertile and easy of cultivation, producing fine crops of wheat, &c. Rivers and Ponds. Connecticut and John's rivers are the principal rivers. Fifteen Mile Falls in the Connecticut commence in this town and flow rapidly along its north-western border. There are also several large brooks; the whole affording many There are seven schools town; average length for the year, ten weeks. First Minister. Rev. Jacob Haven ordained in 1788. First Settler. Samuel Chase and in others in 1763. Boundaries. North by Grantham, east by Springfield and Sunapee, south by Newport and west water fine Blake's Pond lies in the south-east part, and was named privileges. for one of the is ponds are well fish. Resources. 123 by Cornish. Sullivan County. This town is hilly, uneven and rocky, but the soil is DALTON. considerable There first settlers. lumber in this town, of a good quality. Employments. Agriculture is the prevailing business of the people, but many are extensively engaged lumbering business. Over lumber are annually produced, and 125 tons of starch annually manufactured. Resources. Annual productions of the soil, $80,900 from mechanin the 3,500,000 feet of ; ical labor, $12,200; value of stocks in public funds, $10,300; hand or its money on at interest, $7,500 in savings banks, .$29 trade, $1,665. Summer ; deposstock in ; tourists, $3,000. Churches and Schools. Congre- gational Church, no pastor, Nine schools in town; average length for the year, seven weeks. Hotels. Summer House, brook House. Rose- �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 124 lumber are annually sawed, and 200,000 last blocks made. Resources. Annual productions of the soil, $85,226 from mechanical labor. $8,600; stocks, bonds and money on hand or at interest, First Settlers. Moses Blake and Walter Bloss were the first settlers. Blake was a noted hunter and the moose which frequented the pond called hy his name often fell by the fatal ball from his unerring rifle. The town was incorporated No- feet of vember 4, 1784, and received its name from the Hon. Tristam Dal- posits in savings banks, $41,019. ton, a grantee. First Minister. North by Lancasand Whitefield, east by Whitefield, south by Littleton, and west by Lunenburgh, Vermont. Area, Boundaries. ter 16,455 acres. miles south through this town, crossing the Connecticut River near the village. Stages connect daily to and from the Churches and Sclwols. Baptist, Congregational, Christian, Rev. J. R. Phillips,, pastor. There are ten schools in this town average length for the year, fourteen weeks. ; ; First Settlement. ment made First Summer House and the depot, all trains. ated June settle- in 1771, in the south- east-part of the town. Eight from Lancaster, and one hundred and twenty-five miles north-west from Concord. Railroads. The White Mountain Railroad passes through the town. When completed the Portland and Ogdensburgh Railroad will pass with $20,350; stock in trade, $5,140; de- ; William Hutch- inson, settled in 1833. Distances. ; 18, 1795. It Incorpor- was a part of Alexandria. Boundaries. North by Grafton and Alexandria, east by Alexandria and Hill, west by Wilmot and Grafton, and south by Wilmot. Area, 19,000 acres; area of im- proved land, 12,422 acres. Distances. Sixteen miles south- west from Plymouth, and thirty north-west from Concord. Railroads. The Northern Railroad passes through the town near south-western border. At Danbury depot the trains wait five minutes for refreshments. its DANliURY. Grafton County. This town is in the southern part of the county and form of a diamond. and uneven, although some interval. The soil DANVILLE. lies in the It is there hilly is many portions is good. Fine crops are produced, and the people are prosperous and happy, notwithstanding other statements. in Rivers. Smith's River ly stream of any note. is the on- Employments. The people are engaged in farming. There is a large tannery, which annually produces leather to the value of $25,000; some 500,000 principally Rockingham County. Dan was formerly a part of Kings ton. The soil is light and the surface uneven, but in some porville tions of the town, excellent crops are produced. Rivers and Ponds. Squamscot River passes through the northwest corner of the town; Long and Cub Ponds, are the principal bodies of water. Employments. Agriculture is the principal employment of the peo- �DEERFIELD. pie, or we might say it is about 125 pine and hemlock are the oak, equally divided, between farming principal kinds of wood. and manufacturing. Over 100,000 and shoes, are annually lumber feet made; 2,500,000 This town Ponds and Rivers. contains several ponds, well stored sawed, besides coopering, black- partly in this smithing, and various other trades. (See Tables). Productions of the Resources. water. pairs boots soil, $ 18,400 $24,500; ; mechanical labor, money at interest, $7, 500; deposits in savings banks, in the State, $3,100, out of the State, $35,000; stock in trade, $8,500. Churches and Schools. F. Baptist, Rev. P. S. Burbank, pastor; Methodist, Elder Joseph Hayes, Four schools in town, pastor. average length for the year, thirtyseven weeks. Jonathan SanFirst Settlers. Jacob Hook, and others settled between the years 1735 and 1739. Incorporated February 22, born, 1760. First Ministers. Rev. John Page, settled 1763, died in 1782. Boundaries. North by Fremont, east by Kingston, south by Kingston and Hampstead, and west by Sandown. Area, 7,000 acres im; Thirty-three miles south-east from Concord, and ten south-west from Exeter. DEERFIELD. Rockingham Countt. Deerfarming town in the county. The surface is uneven, but the soil is fertile, and there are many fine farms under a high state of cultivation. The orchard products are annually valued at $ 12, 000, and are exceeded by only one town in the county, and but three in the State. Rock maple, white maple, beach, birch, white and red field is the largest Pleasant fish. Moulton's Pond, in the account is noted on of its having no visible inlet, and its waters are supposed to be supplied by a subterranean passage. west part, The outlets of the pond run finds its way in One stream opposite directions. to the ocean through of the Merrimack River, and the other through the Piscataqua. A branch of Lamprey river, passes south and south-east the channels through the town. Mountains. The principal eleva- Pawtuckaway, between town and Nottingham, Saddleback (see North wood), and Fort Mountain, in the west part. Near tions, are this Mount Delight, in the west part of the town, is a natural formation in the rock, which has for over ninety years been known as the " Indian On the east side of the a natural flight of stone steps, by which persons may easily ascend to the top of the rock. Agriculture is Employments. the principal industrial pursuit of the inhabitants, ranking as the Camp." camp, proved land, 2,900 acres. Distances. Pond lies town and partly in Northwood. This pond is noted for its fine, sandy shore, and clear with is town first in the county, and fifteenth in the State, in its value of agriculture productions. The manufacture of boots and shoes is carried on quite exten- much of the stock being brought from out of the State, to be made up. The number pairs annually made is estimated at 230,000 There pairs, valued at $280,000. sively, are large quantities of lumber �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 126 annually sawed—2,500,000 feet of Thomas moderator, Simpson, and Samuel Leavitt, John Robinson, and Eliphalet Griffin, boards, 60,000 clapboards, and 500, 000 shingles, are the annual pro- clerk, ductions. Selectmen. Among the early set- from summer tourists, $2,500. Baptist, Churches and Schools. Rev. H. C. Walker, pastor; P. W. Baptist, Rev. Ira Emery, pastor; Congregational, no pastor. There are fifteen school districts, and fourteen schools in town. Average length for the year, twenty weeks were Josiah Prescott, John James, Nathaniel Weare, David Haines, Samuel Tilton, Jeremiah Eastman, and Thomas Jenness. This town was a favorite resort for deer, and while the petition for a charter was pending, a Mr. Batchelder and Josiah Prescott killed a fine deer, and presented it to Gov. Wentworth, and he granted the charter under the name of Deerfield. During the French and Indian wars, the in- amount of money annually appro- habitants lived in garrisons, but priated for school purposes $2, 178. 78. F. P. James, Esq., a wealthy no serious injury was ever experienced from the savages. It is well authenticated that Major John Annual production Resources. of the labor, soil, $178,518; mechanical $ 57, 900; money at interest, $52,600; deposits in savings banks, $82,729; stock in trade, $7,762; banker in New York, and a native of this town, is at the present time (1873,) erecting a fine and substanschool-house in his native school district, at an expense of over $3,000, and will endow the tial district with a permanent fund tlers, Simpson, of this town, fired the gun, on the American side, at the battle of Bunker Hill. Col. Stark instructed the men in his line not to fire a gun till the British had arrived at a certain point first be annually appropriated for the designated by him, which was within forty paces of the AmeriBut, when the red can works. coats had advanced to within the distance the major (then a private) called a good shot for a deer, he could not withstand such a good chance, and fired, and dropped his benefit of the public schools, man. sufficient to give the scholars of the district all the school advantages that can be obtained in any town or city in the State. The late Hon. Richard Jenness, of Portsmouth, donated to the town $5,000, the interest of which is to addition to the by law, in amount authorized to be raised for the school purposes. Hotels. Glenwood, Parade, Ex- change, Centre. First Settlers. The first settlers On this the along the whole ber The first (town) meeting was holden this parish in Samuel Leavitt. Cram, was chosen at the house of Wadleigh 1756. commenced line. When Simpson was reproved for disobeying orders, he replied, he could not help firing when game, which he was after, came within gun Major Simpson died Octoshot. were John Robinson, Jacob Smith, Isaac Shepard and Benjamin Batchelder, fii'e 28, 1825. The names of town, who 18 persons, from died in the revolu- tionary struggle for independence, 48 persons gave are preserved. up their lives, in the late re- �127 DEERING. bellion, maintain the to Summer becoming quite a resort ists. many From its Union. Deerfield Resorts. many is for tour- elevations, views of the surrounding country can be obtained. There are but few pleasanter farming towns in the State. Rev. Timothy First Minister. tine Upham (Congregational), ordain- ed in 1772; died in 1811. A Free- Church was formed will Baptist here in 1799. Boundaries. ; 21,846 acres. Thirty miles north- west from Portsmouth, twentytwo north-west from Exeter, and eighteen miles south-east from Concord. Railroads. Candia and Ray- mond are larger por- engaged in Employments. About farming. 700,000 feet of lumber are annually (See tables.) Resources. soil, produced. Productions of the $98,846; mechanical labor, and money $4,100; stocks, bonds, deposits in savings banks, $45,569; stock in at interest, $14,700; trade, $4,500. CMirches and Schools. CongreRev. Morris Holman, pastor; Methodist, Rev. L. W. gational, North by Northwood, east by Nottingham, south by Candia and Raymond, and we^t by Epsom and Allenstown. Area, 28,254 acres area improved land, Distances. The tion of the people are the nearest points to At the north-west part of the town Epsom Station, on the Suncook Railroad, would any railroad. be the nearest point. DGERIIVG. is favorable to the several purposes of agriculture. Ponds and Streams. were the first in settlers, 1765. The name was given to this town by Hon. John Wentworth, in honwhose name, before It was marriage, was Deering. incorporated Januai-y 17, 1774. First Minister. Congregational, established in 1789, Rev. William Sleigh, ordained in 1801, dismissed or of his wife, in 1807. Hillsborough County. This town is diversified with hills and The soil is strong and valleys. productive, and pastor. Deering Academy, located at Deering Centre. There are eleven schools in town. Average length for the year, seventeen weeks. Appleton House. Hotel. Alexander First Settlement. Robinson and William McKean Prescott, Dudley's Pecker's, and Fullon's ponds are the principal bodies of water. The two former are the soui'ces of the north branch of the Piscataquog River. The town is well watered by small streams, which afford some good water privileges. Minerals. In the north part of the town, is a mine of Plumbago. North by HillsBoundaries. borough and Henniker, east by Weare, south by Francestown and Bennington, and west by Antrim. Improved land, 12,963 acres. Twenty-three miles Distances. south-west from Concord twentytwo north-west from Amherst, and eighteen miles north-west from Manchester. Railroads. Connected by stage, three times a week, with Oil Mills, 12 miles, on the Manchester and North Weare Railroad Hillsborough Bridge, four miles, is the ; ; nearest railroad station. The �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 128 Hillsborough and Peterborough Railroad will pass through the western part of this town, when completed. DERRY. one of the best townships in the county for agriculture. The soil is strong, productive and well culis The tivated. inhabitants are not- ed for their industry, wealth and general intelligence. Some over a mile from Derry depot is located Derry village on elevated ground, and commanding a fine view of the surrounding country. It is a delightful village and is a great resort for summer tourists. Beaver Pond Ponds. in this a fine sheet of water, nearly surrounded by gentle rising town is hills. Agriculture is the principal employment of the inhabitants. Shoe business is carried on quite extensively, nearly Employments. made. by H. R. Underhill; ribs for loom reeds, Benjamin Chase; 400,000 shingles and 500, 000 feet of boards annually sawed. 190,000 pairs being annually Edge $ 141,268; $75,800; money principal. condition. Banks. Derry National Bank; Derry Savings Bank. (See tables.) First Settlement. This town was formerly a part of Chester and Londonderry. Incorporated July 2, 1827. North by Auburn Boundaries. and Chester, east by Sandown and Hampstead, south by Salem and Windham and west by LondonArea of improved land, derry. 12,120 acres. Distances. Eighteen miles southwest from Exeter and twenty-five south-east from Concord. Manchester and Railroads. Lawrence Railroad passes through the south-west section of the town DIXVILLE. Much of this Coos County. town is in its primeval state, but being cultivated. somewhat rocky and rugged, but there is some very little surface ; ; in trade, $24,506. The resources town show that it is in a flourishing condition in its various branches of industrial pursuits. Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. Robert Haskins, pastor; Methodist, Elder A. E. Higgins, east. There are eleven schools in town; average length for the year twenty-four weeks. Rail- at the depot. The $ 43,600 stocks and bonds, $21,840; deposits in stock savings banks, $ 150,401 of this Sanders' Hotel; Hotels. way House, very tourists, §8,000; These Institutions are popular and are in a flourishing mechanical labor, summer E. L. Taylor, pre- Pinkerton Academy has a fund of $ 20,000, Mr. G. T. Tut- Productions of the at interest, Adams ceptress. tools Resources. soil, $4,200, Miss tle, Derry Rockingham County. Institutions. Literary Female Seminary has a fund of of it is good land. Streams. This town is watered by numerous streams, affording some fine water privileges. Dixville Notch. This Notch is a remarkable gap, in the mountains. It is through this pass, teams go from Errol to Portland, and it may be regarded as one of the most remarkable exhibitions of natural scenery in the State, and is hardly surpassed in grandeur by the fa- mous Notch, of the White Moun- �DORCHESTER ains. It is evident, that so inter- —DOVER. mont and 129 the course of the Con- when more necticut river, for several miles, known, will draw a portion of the numerous visitants of the picturesque scenery of New- can be distinctly seen. Farming is the Employments. general occupation of the inhabi- Hampshire. tants. esting a spot as this, fully town was Gen. Timothy Dix of This Settlement. granted to Boscawen, in 1805. The Dixville Notch and Dixville road were named for him. He was father of Gen. John A. Dix, the present governor of the State of New- York. Boundaries. North by Clarksville and grant to Gilmanton academy, east by Dartmouth college grant and Wentworth's location, south by Millsfield and Odell, and west by Columbia, Oolebrook, and Area, 31,023 acres. Forty miles north Distances. from Lancaster, and one hundred and seventy-six north from Con- Stewartstown. cord. Grafton County. The of Dorchester is districts, surface but the soil is strong, fertile, and produces good crops of corn, wheat, potatoes &c. The Rivers and Mountains. south branch of Baker's River, a Pemigewasset and Rocky Branch Rivers, pass through this town, affording some excellent water power. The intervals along tributary of the Baker's River are very fertile, yielding excellent crops of hay. Church, Island, and Mc ditchers ponds, form the head waters of the Rocky Branch. Little, Norris, and Smit's ponds are the headwaters of the Mascomy. Stuart's Mountain, lies partly in this town, and from its summit a charming and extensive view of the surrounding country is obtained. The green hills of Ver- and ten schools in town average length, for the year, eleven weeks. Benjamin Rice First Settlers. and Stevens March from Hanover, This settled here about 1772. , ers, rocky and uneven, is 2,400,000 feet of ; boards &c, 500,000 shingles and about 17,500 bushels charcoal are annually produced. Productions of the Resources. mechanical labor, soil, $71,174; $19,800; stock in trade, $5,935; deposits in savings banks, $ 5,860. ChrisChurches and Schools. tian church, C. W. Nelson, pastor; Freewill Baptist, G. W, Jesseman, pastor. There are twelve school town DORCHESTER. The lumber business quite extensive forfeited its first by failing to required. The to 72 persons, fulfil 1, chart- conditions was granted third May two 1772. Boundaries. North by Wentworth, east by Groton, south by Canaan, and west by Lyme. Area, 23,040 acres. Improved land, 9,531 acres. Distances. Fifty miles north- west from Concord, and twentythree south from Haverhill. Connects twice a Railroads. week by mail coach at west Rumney, on the Boston Concord and Montreal railroad. DOVER. Strafford County. A city and county seat of justice. It was the second place in New-Hampshire where the English set their feet permanent settlement. In no section of the State, can be for a �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 130 found so dense a population, with such a variety of villages, fertile farms and fine country scenery, as within a radius of ten miles around Dover. Passing through the city or vicinity in any direction, the traveller finds no steep and rugged mountains, nor sterile plains, but occasionally ascends gentle swells of land from the height of which the eye meets some delightful object a well cultivated field, wind- — ing streams, forests and picturesque villages are seen on every In the southern part of the side. neck of land extending about three miles between the Piscataqua River on one side and Bellamy or Back River on the city is a The road, from which the land gently descends toward the water on either side, presents an extensive and delightful view of other. bays, islands, and distant moun- The area of territory is small, comprising less than 3,000 acres of improved land, but the soil is excellent, producing fine crops. Rivers. Cocheco (or Ouocheco) River has its source from several small streams in New Durham, which unite in Farmington, whence the river passes through Rochester, receiving the Isinglass, and thence through Dover where joins the waters of the Salmon Falls River, the principal tribu- About mouth of the tary of the Piscataqua. three miles from the Cocheco, and where the tide water meets the fresh, is a heavy fall in the river of thirty-two and a half feet producing an excellent water power which improved by the Cocheco Manufacturing Company. Bellamy Bank River takes a Cocheco as the City. town its Dover Falls. the third city or is in the State in the value of manufactured productions, the fourth in population, and the fifth wealth. The city proper is located around the Cocheco Falls, and is the seat of extensive manufacturing and trade. The river in crosses Main Street, and is spanned by a wide and handsome bridge. The streets are wide, and many of them beautifully shaded, while the private residences are built on spacious grounds, affording lawns and gardens. The fine City Hall a fine brick building, and located near the center of the city. Many is of the business blocks are large tains. it through the city, and joins with waters which form the Piscataqua. There is a good- water power on this stream, which is generally Vessels of light burimproved. then come up the Cocheco, as far is south-eastern course and expensive buildings, and have a metropolitan appearance. There are in the city forty schools, ten churches, one academy, six banks, five weekly newspapers, four hotels, between eighty and ninety stores of all kinds, twelve lawyers, thirteen physicians, five dentists, seventeen hundred dwellings, and about 9,500 inhabitants. There are a number of expensive church and the school buildings by those of any edifices, are, not excelled city in the State. Manufactories. Dover has been many years, for its ex- noted, for tensive cotton print works, and the staple or uniform quality of the goods produced also for its extensive sale boot and shoe manu; factories. The Cocheco Manufacturing Company was incorporated in 1812, �DOVER. amended charter the and went 1821, in into operation in 1822. 131 and machine shops, $60,000; marand soapstone, $15,000; besides ble business of this company is divided into two departments. In one is the manufacturing of cotton print cloth, and in the other is printing calico. The first depart- photographers, tin workmen, harness makers, blacksmiths, carpen- ment does not produce two thirds of the number of yards of cloth that is printed. The number yards of cotton cloth wove is 16,000,000 timated at $2,051,000, employing 1484 males and 982 females and children, who annually receive for annually, and valued at $1,240,000. ^he number yards of cloth printed ducing manufactured goods to the value of $7,352,900. Resources. Agricultural productions, $55,648; mechanical labor, $ 1, 120,000 engaged in professional The is 31,340,000, valued at $3,447,400. In 1870 they printed 18,000,000 yards at $2,000,000—this shows the rapid increase of their business. The number of hands employed, in both departments, is 502 males and 687 females and children. F. A. & J. Sawyer, woolen mills, manufacture flannels and other woolen goods. Value of goods produced They employ eighty-eight males and sixty-nine in 1870, $340,060, females and children There are eleven sale boot and shoe manufactories, with a capital of $400,000, employing 655 135 men and boys, women, annually making and 1,150, ters, painters, masons, and various The other professions. tal total capi- invested in manufactories their labor, is es- and pro- $1,120,000, ; service, trade, transportation. 855 persons, $513,000; &c, stocks, &c, $209,375; money at interest, $190,360; stock in trade, $717, 620; deposits in savings banks, $1,203,307. Churches and Pastors. Freewill Rev. I. D. Stewart; C. Baptist, Rev. W. T. Chase Christian, Rev. J. G. T. Colby; Methodist, Rev. O. H. Jasper, Presiding Elder of Dover District Rev. C. W. Millen, pastor Congregational, Rev. George Spaulding; Episcopal, Baptist, ; — ; 000 pairs of boots and shoes of every description, valued at $1,580,000. R sv. man The Freewill Baptist printing establishment has a capital of $80,000, mond, and employs 12 males and 12 females. Value of productions in 1870, $70,519. There are also manufactured sand paper and glue hore. $125,000; floor oil cloth, $60,000 clothing, $75,000 hats and caps ; $20,000; baker's sash, blinds carriages of bread, $20,000 and doors, $40,000 kinds, all $50,000 lumber sawed, $30,000; newspaper and job printing, $35,000 meal and flour ground, $45,000 illuminating gas, $30,000 leather tanned, $25,000; brick, $30,000; foundry ; ; ; J. B. Richmond, rector; Ro- Drum- Catholic, Rev. C. J. Brown priest; ; Unitarian, T. W. Universalist, Rev. J. Cre- There are forty schools which thirty are gradAverage length of schools for ed. the year, 'thirty-six weeks. There are 907 male and 980 female scholSchools. in town, of ars. Sixty-five per cent, of this number regularly attend school through the year. Total amount of money annually appropriated for school purposes, $20,937.29 value of school houses and lots, $140,000. H. P. Warren is the principal of the High School. Franklin Acad; �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 132 (See Belknap) "sent their boats further up the river to a neck of land called Dover Enquirer, Newspapers. Dover Gazette, Morning Star, Lo- by the Indians, Wennichahannat, but they named it Northam, afterwards *Dover. This settlement was commenced in 1623. For emy is located in this city. tables.) Record, (See tables.) cal in Foster's Democrat. The first newspapers published Dover were the Political Reposi- tory and Strafford Record, commenced July 15, 1790 discontinued ; January 19, 1792; Phenix, from January 25, 1792, to August 29, 1795 Dover Sun, commenced September 15, 1795. Banks. Strafford National Bank, Dover National Bank, Cocheco National Bank. Total capital invested, $320,000. County of Strafford for Savings, Dover Five Cent Savings Bank, and Cocheco Savings Bank. Total amount of de; posits in savings banks, $2,399,258. (See banks.) 87. American House, NewHampshire House, Kimball, and Hotels. Franklin House. All these hotels The American and New-Hampshire are the largare good houses. est. First Settlements. The first set- tlement of Dover was commenced at what is now known as Dover Neck, a point of land extending about three miles, between the Piscataqua on one side, and Bellamy Bank, or Back River, on the other; the extreme point being about four miles from the city proper at Cocheco Falls. An English company, styled the "Company of Laconia," sent out an expedition to establish a fishery around the mouth of the Piscataqua. A por- tion of this expedition landed at or near Portsmouth, while the rest, under command of Edward and William Hilton, fish mongers of London (as we quote from Dr. many years it included the princi- pal part of the population of the The meeting house and was surrounded with entrenchments and flankarts, the remains of which are not town. was first built here, entirely obliterated. Edward Hil- ton obtained a deed of the land occupied by himself, and included within the grant Dover, Durham, Stratham, and part of Newington and Greenland.! For a number of years the town was under no provincial authority save their own municipal laws. In 1640 a written instrument was drawn up, and signed by forty-one persons, agreeing to :ibido by the laws of England, and those enacted by a majority of their own number. In 1641, the town voluntarily put under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts, and remained so till 1679, when a commission was itself issued New-Hampshire and John of Portsmouth, was the first forming into a royal province, Cutts, From president. this date up to some contention whether this first named Dover and afterwards Northam, and sometimes Cocheco. It might have been so, for there was a continual wrangle with the clergy, some of whom did not prove themselves above reproach, and some of these disputes were on Buch frivolous questions. This was prior to 1642. *There point was f There is is but little doubt that this is a mistake — that part of Durham, Stratham or Greenland; but Hilton's purchase included no now called Dover and a portion of Newington on the opposite side of Piscataqua river. The whole of his purchase did not exceed an area only that part of Dover Neck or Point, of 3,500 acres. See early settlements, page 3 �133 DOVER. it was under various provingovernments, with a continual wrangle concerning jurisdiction and authority. In 1741 the final boundary between Massachusetts and New-Hampshire was estab- 1741 cial lished, thus giving the colonies of New-Hampshire a distinct gov- ernment, with Benning worth as Governor, Indians. This town, in ly settlement, much Wentear- was the scene of Indian warfare, and many its ing, June 27, 1689, Dover was the scene of one of the greatest Indian massacres which ever occurred in the State. It is stated, this bloody deed was committed more to revenge certain indignities, perpetrated on the Indians by Major Waldron, who was a resident and prominent man of the town, some thirteen years prior. By stratagem, he secured some at but, night, by unac- countable negligence, no watch was kept. The Indians were daily in town, visiting and trading with the inhabitants, as was usual but still they in times of peace had a vigilant eye on everything ; passing, and patiently watched for the convenient time to come to wreak its inhabitants were subjected to savage butchery, or long and cruel captivity. Thursday even- of retired their long-pent-up revenge. hints of this impending storm had frequently been thrown out by some of the squaws, but in such a way that no one could comprehend their full meaning. Some Some more cautious people, howhad fears that something wrong was intended by the savages; but Waldron, from his of the ever, long experience with them, scouted the idea. On the fatal evening, told, by a young man, that town was full of Indians, and the people were much concerned. He answered that he knew the Indians, and there was no danger. The plan which the savages had arranged, was, that two squaws he was the two hundred Indians, who had, at some times, exhibited some hostility towards the settlers. Through a form of trial, seven, who were considered the ringleaders, were immediately hanged, and the remainder were sold into slavery. should go to each of the garrisons, in the evening, and ask leave to lodge by the fire. They were admitted to all but the younger Coffin's garrison, who took himself for counsel, instead of Major Wal- The dron. this Indians abroad a breach of considered faith, and against him implacable revenge. On the Cocheco River, at Cocheco Falls, at the date of the massacre, were five garrison houses three on the north side, viz. Otis's,Waldron's and Heard's; on the south side, Peter Coffin's, and his son's. These houses were well built, and secured with stout doors, fastened with strong iron bars and bolts. To these houses the neighboring families usually swore — The squaws were even shown, at their request, by the credulous people, how to unfasten the doors, in case they should want to go out in the night. Mesandouit, one of the chiefs, went to Waldron's garrison, and was kindly entertained by him, and by such acts he was lulled into a sense of security which caused him a horrid death. When all had retired, and were quietly locked in sleep, the gates were opened, the signal given, and �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 134 the savage horde rushed into the respective garrisons, and com- menced their of death and work cruelty. Major Waldron, now advanced in life to the age of eighty years, awakened by the noise made by the Indians coming into his apartment, jumped out of bed, and with his sword, drove them through two or three doors; but, as he was returning for other arms, he was stunned by a blow from a hatchet, and dragged into the hall, and seated in an elbow chair, and asked " Who shall judge Indians now?' Other cruel indignities were inflicted on him, such as that they passed around him, and cut him across the belly and breast, with their knives, each saying "I cross out my account." By loss of blood he soon fell to the floor, and death ended his misinsultingly 1 After killing his son-in-law, Lee, pillaging the house ery. Abraham they took Lee's daughter, with several oth- and setting ers, and it on fire, left. Otis's garrison shared the He was same with several others, and his wife and child were carried away. Heard's garrison was saved by the barking of a fate. killed, were entering. Elder Wentworth pushed them out, and shut the gate, and held it till the people within were alarmed, and hastened to the dedog, just as the Indians house was surprised, but as the Indians had no enmity against him, they spared fence. Coffin's life, and the lives of his family, and contented themselves by pillaging the house. They then went to the house of his son, who had cautiously refused to admit the squaws, in the evening, and his him demanded to surrender, promising him quarter. He refused their offer, and determined to defend his house, till they brought his father before his eyes, and threatened to murder him. Filial affection broke his first resoBoth lution, and he surrendered. families were put into a deserted house, with the intention of reserving them for prisoners, but the Indians were so intent on plundering, they suffered them to make their escape. In this attack twenty-three persons were killed, and twenty-nine Five or six were captivated. houses, with the mills, were burned. This surprise was so adroitly planned, and so expeditiously carried into effect, that, before the inhabitants in other parts of the town were apprised, the Indians had made good their escape, with their prisoners and booty. In 1691, a party of Indians fired in the woods near the settlement. The Indians were pursued by a body of the and nearly all were citizens, either killed or wounded. In 1696, three persons were killed and several wounded and taken prisoners, as they were returning from church. In 1704, the people were waylaid as they were coming from meeting, and one Mark Giles William Pearl and Nakilled. upon a young man, ( were killed in and Jacob Garland shared In the the same fate in 1710. spring of 1711 and 1712, an attack was made on the town, and a Mr. In August, 1723, Tuttle killed. Mr. Joseph Ham was killed, and thaniel Tibbetts 1706, three of his children carried off It would require by the Indians. a large volume to fully detail aU �DOVER. the Indian murders and cruelties which have been inflicted upon the settlers of Dover, consequently want of space debars us from the attempt. and Church. First Ministers Rev. William R. Leveridge, Congregational, was the first minister who preached here, and, probably, the first ordained minister that ever preached the gospel in NewHampshire. For want of adequate early remained but and removed south. He was influenced to come here •through Lord Say, and commenoed his services Oct. next was Rev. The 1633. 10, George Burdett, who came among them in 1G34. He was elected Governor and was settled to preach in 1637, but being detected in some criminal made a precipitate province of Maine. acts, he the flight to A Congrega- was established in 1638, by one Capt. John Underhill, and put in charge of Rev. Hantional church serd Knollys, This 1639. in the First church was called Church, being the oldest but one New-Hampshire. He was followed by Rev. Thomas Larkman, in 1610. These two last men in proved themselves destitute of moral character, and were forced to leave the parish. The church being much oppressed by the bad character of 1642, called the Maud to the ministers, in pious Rev. Daniel become their pastor. This charge lie faithfully performed until his death, which occurred Then followed the Rev. in 1655. John Reyner, settled in 1657 died in 1669. Rev. John Reyner, his ; son, settled in 1671 ; dismissed in died in 1764. Rev. Jonathan dishing, settled in 1717; dis- ver, settled in 1711; 1715; missed in 1764. Rev. Jeremy Belknap, D. D., settled in 1767; removed to Boston in 1786, ami was settled there in 1787. Dr. Belknap was the celebrated died in 1676. Rev. John Pike, settled in 1681; died in 1710. Rev. Nicholas Se- histo- New-Hampshire. He died Boston, June 20, 1798. Rev rian of in Robert Gray, settled missed in 1805. two support,' he years, 135 Town and City. in 1787 ; Dover was dis- in- corporated as a town, October 22, 1641. A city charter was granted in June, 1855, and adopted September 1, 1855. The following persons have acted as mayors 1856, Andrew Pierce 1857, Thomas E. Sawyer 1858, James Bennett; 1860, Albert Bond; 1861, Alphonzo Bickford; 1863, William F. Estes; 1866, Joshua G. Hall; 186*, Eli V. Brewster; 1870, William S. Stevens. The population, at various dates, ; : is as follows: in 1777, 1,666; 1790, 1820, 1,998; 1860, 8,502 ; 2,871; 1850, 8,186; Ratable Assessed valTrue valua- 1870, 9,294. polls in 1872, 2291. uation, $5,917,089. about $9,000,000. Boundaries. North by Somersworth and Rollinsford, east by Saltion, mon Falls river, which separates from Maine, south by Madbury, and west by Rochester. Area of improved land 2,640 acres. Dista?ices. Forty miles east from Concord, and sixty-six north from it Boston. Railroads. The railroad faciliDover are excellent. The Boston and Maine Railroad which ties of connects Boston with Portland, passes through the centre the Cocheco, a branch of the Boston and ; Maine, runs to Alton bay, distant �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 136 nines twenty-five where in the north-west, it con- warm season, nects with steamboats running to all points on the Winnipiseogee with the Great and Conway Railroad for the White mountains. The Portsmouth and Dover Railroad, built lake, also connects Falls town. Average length of schools weeks. The Rev. Edward Sprague made a bequest of $8,000 for the support in for the year, twenty-four of public schools. He also left the $5,000, the interest of which town these to be applied to the support of an ordained Congregational minister, who shall statedly preach in Dublin. eleven miles. volumes. the in season of 1873, connects two old towns together, making the distance by rail, about DUBLIN. Cheshire County. The surtown is uneven, but is Social Library. Library, Settled by First Settlers. thew Thurston and others Incorporated March 29, 1817 Mat- in 1749. 1871. It face of this was the soil is strong, yielding fair crops of corn, oats, hay, &c. The inhabitants are noted for their Number Fairer, Congregational, ordained energetic spirit in business. June Streams and Ponds. Dublin is situated on the height of land between Merrimack and Connecticut Rivers; consequently its streams are small. Center Pond, about one mile in diameter, is the principal sheet of water. Mountains. A large portion of the grand Monadnock lies in the south-west part of the town. Breed's Mountain lies near the Baptist, ordained center. Employments. Agriculture is the principal occupation of the people. Three thousand, eight hundred boxes of clothes pins are annually manufactured. Lumbering and some small manufactories are carried on. Resources. of the soil, From productions $50,705; mechan- ical labor, $12,800 est, $21,532; $8,400 ; Money at inter- stocks and bonds, deposits in savings banks, $108,206; stock in trade, $6,400. ; Churches and Schools. Unitarian, G. M. Rice, pastor; Trinitarian, no pastor. There are ten schools Monadnock originally called Three. Ministers. First Rev. Joseph Rev. Elijah Willard, 10, 1772. June 5, 1793. Boundaries. North by Ilarrisville, east by Peterborough, south by Jaffrey, and west by Marlborough. A portion of Harrisville was taken from the north part of this town in July, 1870. Distances. Ffty miles south-west from Concord and ten south-east from Keene. Railroads. Peterborough Depot, six miles, on Monadnock Railroad. Stage on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. .VI .UK E£. Coos County. The IDH surface is rocky and uneven, but the soil is strong, and good crops of oats, potatoes produced. barley, and hay are Rivers. Androscoggin and Little Ammonoosuc cipal streams. Rivers are the prinIn the latter are the Pontook Falls. Employments. Agriculture is the principal vocation of the inhabitants. Over 400,000 feet of sawed �137 DUNBARTON. lumber, of 6a wed. all duced. rifles are Products of the soil, scythe 25,000 made. Productions of the mechanical labor, Resources. §36,865; soil, kinds, are annually Resources. $91,111; mechanical labor, $5. 100 money $1,000; stock in trade, $500. Schools. There are six schools stocks and average length for the year, ten weeks. savings banks, $100,306; stock in The town was Churches and Schools. Baptist, Rev. Samuel Woodbury, pastor; Congregational, Rev. G. I. Bard, pastor Episcopal, Rev. J. H. Coit, rector. There are eleven schools in this town; average length for the year, twelve weeks. Libraries. Episcopal Parish Library, 500 volumes. First Settlement. Mark H. Wentworth, granted to March cember 8, Incorporated De- 1773. 19, 1848. at bonds, $3,000; trade, $18,848. ; North by Millsfield and Erroll, east by Cambridge, south by Milan, and west by Stark and Odell. Area, 23,041 acres area of improved land, 2019 Boundaries. ; The First Settlers. acree. One hundred and Distances. deposits in interest, $11,200; of Dunbarton first settlers were principally de- sixty miles north from Concord, scendants of Scotch-Irish, so called from Lancas- from the fact that their -incestors emigrated from Scotland to Ire- and thirty north-east ter. Grand Trunk Rail- 1751, The town was land. road, near the south-west corner Railroads. proprietors. It DVNBARTON. town," in honor of the principal Merrimack County. There are many hills and no mountains in this town. The good. The situation is is ele- pure and the water soil is granted, in Stark, Caleb Page, and others, by the Masonian was called " Stark's of the town. vated, the air to Archibald of the best qual- proprietor. It received its present name from Dunbarton, in Scotland. The first settlement was made about 1749, by Joseph PutJames Rogers, William PutFoster. The town was incorporated August ney, and well adapted to the growth of corn, wheat and fruit. Some of the finest specimens of apples in the Oounty are produced here. Concord furnishes an excellent market for all the surplus products ney and Obadiah of the farmers, who are generally industrious and successful husbandmen. The people are noted for their wealthy and prosperous condition, as their resources will ton and Bow, east by Bow and Hooksett, south by Goffstown, and plainly show. from Concord. ity, Employments. are riculture. of The inhabitants engaged in ag700,000 feet of lumber, principally all kinds, are annually pro- 10, 1765. First Minister. Rev. Walter Harris, ordained August 26, 1789. Boundaries. North by Hopkin- west by Weare. Area 21,000 acres, improved land, 16,533 acres. Distances. Railroads. Nine miles By south daily stage to East Weare station, three miles, on the Manchester and North Railroad. Weare �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 138 DIRHAH. Strafford County. This town favorably situated on the Piscataqua and Oyster rivers, both as to water power and transportation, as tide water conies up to the falls, Oyster River a at the village. branch of the Piscataqua, takes its rise in Wheelwright's pond in Lee, and after running nearly its whole is course in Durham, furnishing several good mill sites, meets the water at Durham tide The river takes abundance found near of its its village. name from the formerly confluence with the oysters quite a resort for invalids and pleasure seekers, some forty staying there through the warm weather. Resources. Annual value of farm productions, 8108,133; manufactured productions, 8152,200 money in savings banks, stock and bonds on hand or at interest, 8139,800; ; from summer First tourists, 8 1,000. Durham Settlers. was originally a part of Dover, and was included in Hilton's grant,* but as the number of settlers increased, it soon became a distinct parish by the name of Oyster River. of the Piscataqua, runs through Before any settlement had been made by the white men, it was a famous rendezvous for the Indians, the westerly part of the town, over several falls well adapted for mill ment Piscataqua. Lamprey River, another branch then into the town of NewMarket, and meets the tide water at Lamprey River village in that town. Upon both sides of Oyster river there is a deep, rich loam, which is suitably adpated to the producsites, tion of grass of which heavy crops is an article of are cut, and hay export, there being over 1,500 tons sent to the Boston market annu- Good crops of corn, barley, potatoes, &c, are also raised. The town abounds in excellent granite, ally. which is a source of much profitable employment to the inhabitants. There is conManufactories. siderable manufacturing in town. One Paper Mill annually manu- factures 309 tons wall paper, valued at 869,365. Nut and Bolt manu- factory, annually manufactures 250 tons of nuts and bolts, valued at 840.000, eighteen thousand pairs of boots and shoes are annually made, valued at 822,500. Summer Tourists. Durham is and for many years after the settle- by suffered exceedingly it Indian depredations and murders. We append a few extracts giving accounts of their deeds of cruelty, which the first settlers suffered. In 1694, when a large part of the inhabitants had marched to the westward, the Indians who were dispersed in the woods about Oyster River, having diligently observed the number of men in one of the garrisons, rushed upon eighteen of them, as they were going to their morning devotions; and, having cut off their retreat from the house, put them all to death except one, who fortunately escaped. They then attacked the house, in which there were only two boys, besides the women and children. The boys kept them off for some time, and wounded sev- At length the Indians set fire to the house, and even then, the boys would not surrender till the Indians had promised to spare their lives. The latter, however, perfidiously murdered three eral of them. * See Dover. �EAST KINGSTON. or four of the children, one of whom they fixed upon a sharp stick, in the view of its mother. The next spring, the Indians nar- rowly watched the frontiers, to determine the safest and most vulnerable points of attack. The settlement at Oyster River was selected for destruction. Here were twelve garrisoned houses, amply sufficient for the reception of the inhabitants but, not apprehending any danger, many of the families remained in their unfortified houses, and those who were ; in the garrisons, were indifferently prepared for a siege, as they were destitute of powder. The enemy approached the place undiscovered, and halted near the Falls. One John Dean, whose house stood near the Falls, happening to rise very early for a journey, before the dawn of day, was shot as he came out of his door. now commenced on The attack all points, cruelties were perpetrated, when Major-General John Sullivan, of was a resident of this town, and died here the revolutionary army, Jan. trict On disasters are given in Belknap's val- uable history of New-IIanipshire, to which the reader is referred. a native of Judge of New-Hampshire. occasions, he proved him- all self the firm supporter of the rights of the country. The Hon. Ebenezer Thompson, Winborn Adams, and Hon. George Frost, were also residents of this town. The town was inCol. corporated, May 15, 1732. Rev. Hugh Adams, settled in 1718, dismissed in 1739; Rev. Nicholas Gilman, ordained in 1741, died in 1748; Rev. First Ministers. John Adams, settled in 1748, dis- missed in 1778 ; Rev. Curtis Coe, settled in 1780, dismissed in 1805. Boundaries North by Madbury, by Little and Great Bays, south by New-Market, and west by Lee. Area, 14,970 acres improved land, 9,948 acres. Distances. Thirty-five miles south-east from Concord, eleven north-west from Portsmouth and five south from Dover Railroads. The Boston and Maine Railroad passes through this town in a northerly and ; v southerly direction. the Indians, fearing that the inhabitants from the neighboring settle- ments would collect against them, retreated, having killed or captured between ninety and a hundred persons, and destroyed twenty houses, five of which were garrisoned. Minute accounts of these He was 23, 1795. Berwick, Maine, and was a distinguished commander during the war; was President of the State three years, and afterwards Dis- east where the enemy was ready. They entered the house of a Mr. Adams, without resistance, where they murdered fourteen persons, whose graves can still be traced. The house of John Buss, the minister, was destroyed, together with his valuable library. He was absent at the time, and his wife and family fled to the woods. Many other 139 EAST KINGSTON. Rockingham County. surface of this town is The somewhat uneven, but the excellent soil is well adapted to the cultivation of grasses and grains. Powow River, having source from ponds in Kingston, passes through the south-west part River. its of this town. �NEW-HAMPSniRE GAZETTEER. 140 Employments. Farming is the principal occupation of the inhab- crops of corn, potatoes, hay, &c. The soil on the plains is a sandy loam, and was formerly covered with an excellent growth of fair some of the farms being itants, under a high 96,000 pairs state of cultivation. womens shoes are annually made. There is also quite an extensive manufactory of stiffenings and inner soles, employing pine. Streams and Ponds. There are no streams of any note in this town. There are several ponds, of which Snell's Pond is the prin- twenty hands. 700,000 feet of lumber are sawed annually. Resources. Productions of the soil, $44,611; mechanical labor, cipal one. Minerals. quality is Iron ore of good found here also a vein ; $ 32,500 stocks and money at interest, $ 6,650 deposits in savings of sulphuret of lead banks, §3,750; inhabitants ; Employments. ; stock in trade, Nearly all of the engaged in ag- are There some lumber $9,415. riculture. Churches and SeJiools. Methodist, Rev. J. W. Sanborn, pastor. There are four schools in town; average length for the year, twenty-two weeks. Jeremiah Morrill, business carried on. Resources. Agricultural Esq., .$ bequeathed to 2,000, the interest of this ucts, is ; Churches and Schools. to be applied for the benefit of public schools in East Kingston. First fin, Incorporated, Rev. Peter Cof- length of schools for the year, seventeen weeks. William Settlers. ordained in 1739, W. and dismissed in 1792. , S. Merrill, Boundaries. North by Brentwood and Exeter, east by Kensington, south by South Hampton, and west by Kingston. Area. 3,445 acres of improved land. Forty-two miles south-east from Concord, six south from Exeter and twenty miles south-west from Portsmouth. Railroads. Boston and Maine Railroad. EATON. Carroll County. The surface of this town is uneven. The soil on the uplands is good, producing pastors. Robinson's Hotel. Hotel. First Settlers. Distances. Two Free- will Baptists, Rev. J. Fletcher and There are eleven school districts and eight schools in town. Average Abraham Smith. November 17, 1738. First Minister. prod- mechanical labor, $4.500 money at interest, $3,988 deposits in savings banks, $3,441 stock in trade, $2,500. town, which $92,614; is Eaton was grant- ed to Clement March and sixty-five others, November 6, 1766. It included the town of Madison, the whole with an area of 33,637 acres. First Church. A Baptist Church originally was formed in 1800. Boundaries. North by Conway, east by Broomfield, Maine South by Freedom, and west by Madison. Distances. Seventy - one miles north-east from Concord, and twenty-two north from Ossipee. Railroads. The Great Falls and Conway and Portland and Ogd ensburg Railroads form a junction at North Conway, ten miles distant. ; ' �EFFLNGIIAM Conway Cor- Six miles to depot at ner, on the Gt. F. & — ELLSWORTH. C. R. R. but a few years before the Revolution. Incorporated August 18, 1788. EFFSNfillAITI. Ministers. First Carroll County. The surface of this town is uneven, there being several mountains of consider- The able elevation. soil in some very good, and excellent crops of wheat, corn, oats and hay are produced. Rivers and Ponds. Ossipee River and a few of its tributaries are the only streams. Near Ossipee River is a pond four hundred rods long, and two hundred and seventy wide. Between Effiingham and Wakefield lies Province Pond. There are three small villages in town, with post-offices, viz. South, Center, and Effingham parts is Falls. Employments. Agriculture is the employment of the inhabitants. There are various kinds of manufactories in town, of which principal lumber, shoe pegs, bobbins, rakes, and grist mills are the principal ones. Agricultural Resources. ucts, $5,000 $93,306; : money prod- mechanical labor, at interest, $4,459; deposits in savings banks, $29.95; stock in trade, $5,900. ChrisChurches and Schools. Rev. J. M. Colburn, pastor Freewill Baptist, Rev. J. P. StinchMethodist and Confield, pastor There are gregational, nine schools in town; average length for the year, fifteen weeks. tian, ; . Hotel. Green Mountain House. Masonic Institution. Literary Institute, at the Center, J. M. Co- Settlements. Effingham was formerly called Leavitt's Town. The first settlement was Rev. Gideon Congregational, settled in 1803 died in 1805. Boundaries. North by Freedom East by Maine line; south and Area, 30,000 west by Ossipee. Burt, ; acres improved land, ; Sixty Distances. east from Concord, 9,025 acres. miles and north- five north from Ossipee. Railroads. Great Falls and Con- way ELLSWORTH. Grafton County. This is a romantic hamlet situated high up in a great basin among the hills, isolated from the rest of the world, and full of tarns, brooks and mountains. Ellsworth Pond, in the south-east part of the town, contains about one hundred acres, and affords a fine mill stream called West Branch brook. Moulton brook, from Warren and Buzzell brook flows into this pond. One of the three Glen Ponds is on the western boundary, and a portion of Stinson Pond on the south line. Stinson brook flows through the west part, and in the north part is Kineo brook and Hubbard brook, an affluent of Hubbard Pond, in Woodstock. Mt. Kineo, 3,557 feet high, so called from an Indian chief, is in the center, and Black hill, formerly a great place for moose, is in the valley between Mt. Kineo and Mt. Carr. In the south part is a portion of Stinson mountain. Indians. burn, principal. First 141 This basin was for- merly a noted resort of Indians who visited ing. it for the purpose of hunt- Relics of them have been �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 142 found on the shores of Glen ponds. Kineo, the chief, named from Eunnawa, meaning the bear, hunted on the mountain bearing his name. Ellsworth was First Settlers. granted to Barlow Trecothiek, May 1, 1769, and was called Trecothiek until 1802, ed. It when was it was incorporat- settled in 1792, by Col. station Rumney, is North by Woodby Thornton and Campton, south by Rumney and West by Warren. Distances. Fifty-two miles from Concord, and eighty-four from Portsmouth. Boundaries. stock, east Shortly after, Jonathan T. Downing, Aaron Straw, and Craige. Gideon The moved Hill, into town. inhabitants, although not very comforts of life, and are a contented, frugal, virtuous rich, enjoy the and happy people. First Minister. tist society 1820, and A Freewill Bap- was formed previous to Blake was the first Israel Employments. successfully ENFIELD. Grafton County. The Agriculture is carried on. Much maple sugar is made and considerable lumber sent to market. Clover seed in large quantities was formerly sold. Resources. Agricultural products, $20,800; mechanical labor, $1,700; stock in trade, $900. Churches and Schools. Freewill Baptist, no pastor. There are two schools in town; average length weeks. Summer Resorts. Ellsworth has always been a noted summer refor the year, six Hundreds of hunters, trappers and fishermen visit it every year, and the basin in which Glen sort. ponds are situated tourists each season. is alive with There are no spruce camp and the lodge of green boughs answer every purpose. Minerals. In the neighbornood of Stinson pond are numerous ores and minerals, and on some of the streams gold has been found. Railroads. The nearest railroad hotels, but the town surface uneven, but the soil is considered good, producing excellent crops of corn, wheat, oats, of the is hay and potatoes. On many of the and mountain sides are fine pastures for sheep and cattle. hills Enfield towns minister. six miles dis- tant. tiful is noted among northern for its diversified scenery, and beau- its rivulets, —the valleys and hills lakelets, hills cult! vated to their tops, and, in the western part, rising into a considerable elevation, knoAvn as Mount Calm, whose summits embosom a pond two thirds of a mile long and a third of a mile wide, and here and there sink down into quiet glens, fertilized by streamlets, and dotted with farm houses. East, Choate's, Jones, Shaker, Goodhue and George, are the names of the principal hills, and Mascomy Lake, East Pond or Crystal Lake, Spectacles, George, Mountain, and Mud ponds, are the principal bodies oi water/with mills at their outlets. Mud Pond is mostly in Canaan. Mascomy River, taking its rise in Dorchester, and running through Canaan, is a considerable stream, emptying into Mascomy Lake in the north-west part. From marks of a former shore running round it, and logs found a dozen feet below the surface of the plain, extending about a mile south, this �143 ENFIELD. and beautiful lake, four miles in length, the Peace, and of various breadths, would seem to have been anciently considerably longer, and some thirty Captain Richard Currier, whose it now is at high water mark, and its fall to have been caused by a disruption and lowering of its outlet in Lebanon. At its head it receives a brook running from George Pond through Centre Village, on which stream are mills and factories. The other principal brooks are Bicknell's, flowing into, and Johnson's, flowing out of, East Pond, on both of which are saw mills. At the foot bf East Hill, about two miles easterly from the head of Mascomy Lake, is East Pond or Crystal Lake, with its single islet, whose deep, clear water, about two miles in length and three-fourths of a mile in width, once abounded in salmon trout weighing from two to ten pounds, but which have been exterminated by pickerel, introduced into the pond about half a century ago. At the outlet of this lake is one of the best unimproved water privileges in the county. feet higher than Here was erected the first grist mill and store in the town. The village here was long known as Johnson's mills, but now as East village. It was once the centre of business of this and the adjoining towns. its first clothier, house, erected before 1800, is in possession 'of one of his grandsons. Villages. North Enfield* is one of the most enterprising and important villages in the southern part of Grafton County. It is located on Mascomy river, about one half mile from where it discharges its waters into Mascomy Lake. The river at this village produces some very fine water power, which is generally improved. There is one card printing and job office, large bedstead manufactory, two flannel and hosiery mills, one of the largest grist mills in the State, large tannery, lumber mill and various other small shops. These various manufactories employ about one hundred males and females, who annually receive for their labor about $40,000, and produce goods There are valued at $365,000. also six stores of all kinds, one hotel, two churches, one large graded school house, and about one hundred dwelling houses. The Northern Railroad passes along the southern border of the village, where there is a depot, telegraph and express office. At the Centre there is quite a pretty village, with considerable manufacturing. Here is one hosiery manufactory, carriage and sleigh manufactory, tan- two lumber Here stands the mansion of Judge Jesse Johnson, erected in 1803, and the occasional summer nery, x'esidence of his surviving children two and descendants. The old mansion house of Judge Johnson is now owned by his son, George W. mills, mai'ble office, Johnson, Esq., of Gasport, N. Y. And here also resided two of the town's eaidy and worthy citizens, George Conant, Esq., Justice of shop, grist mill, printing office and other small shops. There are also one good hotel, postone church, a large school house, and about fifty dwelling houses, some of which are very fine dwellings. The Hon, James TV. Johnson resides here, and has * stores, The post Eufield. office address of this village is �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 144 one of the finest country residences in the State. This village lies three miles south-east from North Enfield depot, and is connected with it by stage, twice, daily. At East Enfield there is a church, school house, saw mill, two or three small shops, and eight or ten dwellings. Shaker village is located on the south-western shore of Mascomy lake. This village is divided into what is termed three families, viz., North, Center or Church, and South families. The village is located about midway between the two extremes of the lake, and they own all the land on the lake for The plain two miles. where the village is situated is very narrow between the lake and neai-ly the hill (which rises quite abruptly), but the productive. is very rich and About twenty acres soil of their land, they devote to the raising of garden seeds, and botan- medicinal herbs. The hills afford some of the finest pasturage Every thing about in the State. their fai-ms has an air of neatness. Their cattle, horses and sheep are of the very best quality, showing, ic with all their peculiarities, that they are husbandmen whom it would be for the interest of every New-Hampshire farmer Their home farm 1,500 acres. to imitate. contains about Their buildings are modestly neat, and built more for convenience and durability, than beauty, although some of their buildings have an expensive appearance, which is the fact. In 1837, the middle family built a large stone building, four stories high, 100 feet long and 56 wide. It surmounted by a cupola, in which is a bell weighing 800 lbs. is Every stone in the building is mented and further fastened ceto- gether with iron trunnels. The whole expense of the building was $ 35,000. At the time of its erection, it was considered the most expensive building in the State, except the State House. It is deThere are voted to family use. some other very good buildings, among which is a large barn, the most convenient of any in the State. Their manufactures are not very extensive, but their goods are of the very best quality. They consist of knit goods, tubs, pails, brooms, and distilled valerian, &c. The annual value of valerian sold The estimated is about $4,000. amount of all goods sold annually, including garden seeds, is over $ 30,000. All of the families worship together, and are under one general board of Trustees. Their number is about 200. As to their religious creed, please see Canter- bury, and for their early settlement in Enfield, look at the early set- tlement of the town. greatest tragedies One of the which ever oc- curred among the Shakers in this town, was the murder of Caleb M. Dyer by one Thomas Weir, in 1864. their chief man in business affairs, and was extensively known throughout the Mr. Dyer was all their and noted for his business and honesty. Weir was an unprincipled fellow, and voluntarily placed his children under the State, tact, protection of the Shakers, but after his return from the war he wished to regain them. Weir was suffer- ed to see them once or twice, but he still called and insisted on havAt length his ing the children. frequent visits became a nuisance, and Mr. Dyer refused to let him �145 ENFIELD. see the children,* at an unseasonable hour, and as the children did not wish to leave their benefactors. Of course Weir was more irritated, and the next time came prepared to see the children or seek revenge. before, he was refused, and while Mr. Dyer was trying to reason with him, he drew his pistol and shot Dyer, the wound proving fatal in a short time. The loss of Mr. Dyer was deeply felt by the As Historical Society. There is a historical society organized in this town. The Town's Early History. In year following the conquest of Canada by England, which put a stop to the frequent murderous raids of the French and Indians from that quarter, upon the 1761, the outlying New-England settlements, preventing their extension northwards, a rush of emigration took business circles pleasure to know place in that direction from Massachusetts, Connecticut and South- expiating his crime under a sentence of thirty years and one day. He was 52 years of age when he ern New-Hampshire, the Governor of the latter State, having in that one year chartered 60 towns west and 18 east of the Connecti- committed the crime, which virtually makes it a life sentence. cut and Enfield, among them, July 4th, exactly 15 years before the Declaration of Independence. Shakers, and the all who had Weir him. is in the State Prison Employments. The people are generally employed in agriculture, manufactures are valuable, amounting to over $ 450,000 annually. but, as can be seen, the Productions of the Resources. soil, $125,460; mechanical labor, $54,300; stocks and bonds, $13, 900; money at interest, $49,550; deposits in savings banks, $ 77, 520; stock in trade, $40,000. Churjies and Schools. Congregational, Rev. V. J. Hartshorn, pastor; Methodist, Rev. C. II. Chase, pastor; Universalist, Rev. C. Hayford, pastor; S. Henry Cummings, There are Shakers, elder. 15 school districts town and average length for the year, 22 weeks; annual amount appropriated for school 16 schools in pui'poses, Hotels. Enfield, $ ; 2,420.73. Granite State House at and Mount Calm House at the Center. * It on good authority, that the wero opposed to leaving. One still remains with thew. two is girls stated, Enfield, in the charter spelled Endfield, named probably Enfield in Connecticut, after was grant- ed to 60 persons, all of whom, (except 10 who were doubtless the Governor's favorites, and resided in or near Portsmouth), were wellto-do inhabitants of Eastern Connecticut, and most of them of Windham County. The meetings of these proprietors, were held at inn of Amariah Storrs, at Mansfield in that County, the first twelve years, till December 1773, after which they took place in Enfield or vicinity. But two or three of the original proprietors, ever resided in town. The book containing their proceedings from December, 1773 to April 1781, has the been lost. The Governor in this, as probably in his other charters, secured to himself the lion's share —a select 500 acres, as marked on the charter map — and among other conditions, required, under penalty of forfeiture, that the proprietors �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 146 should " plant and cultivate " about 2,000 acres, in the first five years, a condition that, interested as many them were in the settlement of of new townships, they found themselves unable to perform. In other 1766, a few months before the five years expired, they dispatched Mr. John from Connecticut to Portsmouth, to apply " to the Governor and Council of New-HampSalter, shire, for a continuation of their charter, and also for an addition to and renewed their purchase, and compromises, succeeded in extinguishing the entire claims under the Relham charter, thus leaving the Enfield charter undisputed and ending the "War of the Charters," which had disquieted the town during eleven years and retarded its settlement. In 1775, 14 years after it was chartered, the population was but and probably there were not over 10 male heads of families. In the following year, only 13 male 60, said township," adults signed the Declaration of exertions to settle the township. But it should seem both their mis- Loyalty, none refusing. sion and efforts substantially failed ter difficulties, the population had about 100 two years afterwards, August 1768, the Governor and Council, In 1790, years after the close of the char- 11 for increased 8, families. treating the Enfield eharter as forfeited, re-granted " all that tract or parcel of land, known by the name of Enfield, to be known by the name of Relham," * to an entirely new set of 90 proprietors, most of whom resided in and And now around Portsmouth. began the " War of the Charters." The validity of each being stoutly asserted on the one side, and denied on the other, the consequence was, that titles under either were rendered uncertain and insecure, and feuds and collisions occured between the claimants Tinder the one, and those under the ther, in attempting to reduce to possession, and occupy the same land. This state of things was finally put an end to, mainly through the efforts of Jesse Johnson, Esq., who tion with other Enfield in 1779, in connec- owners under the charter, by equivalents, The to meeting house was and removed in 1848. first built in 1798, The first or 750, minister settled was the Rev. Edward Evans, in 1799, and dismissed in 1805. Origin of tlie Shaker Society. Tradition has it, that onef Wilf- The leading men of the Shakers, field at sion, in at En- the present time claim that this ver- every particular, is not correct. They claim that Ebenezer Cooley and Israel Chauncy, without voluntarily, Williams, came to invitation from Hartland, Vermont, and from thence, with one Zadock Wright, journeyed to Enfield, and called upon James Jewett, a resident of what is now called Shaker Hill, arriving September 1st, 1782, and the first Shaker meeting ever hebl in New-Hampshire was at the house of Asa Pattee, near In 1793, the frame of a Mr. .Tewett's house. church was raised on the west shore of Mascorny Lake, which house now stands, and is now occupied as a place for their public worship. The Shakers were not, in the early days, distinguished from others in their dress, and would not to-day, if the world did not yield to the calls of fashion. They now dress as every one did one hundred years ago. nnmed, probably, after some individual, as Relham or Rellian (it is spelled both ways) was not, at that time, the name ot any * So place. They also claim they have not changed in mode of worship, or their zeal but are same as they were eighty years ago. The world has changed to be more liberal in their just the ; �ENFIELD. liams, a convert to this modified Quakerism, then living in Grafton, a town joining Enliehl on the east, went to New-Lebanon, N. Y., and induced two of the preachers of the Shaker Society there, named Cooley and Chauncey, to return with him. We have the fact from a record made at the time, that on the 6th of September, 1782, these two men came to Joseph Flint's, Canaan, south road, and there preached; but gaining no adher- went into Enfield, and ents in that town, they adjoining the one, there succeeded in verts of some making con- of the and mechan- staid respectable farmers, and — and their families among were James Jewett, Ezekiel Stevens, Asa Pattee, Benjamin Merrill and Zadock Wright, living on Jones Hill, and the hill afterwards called after them, Shaker northerly side of Hill, on the Mascomy Lake. They remained on these hills, gaining some new beics whom lievers, about ten years, till about —when, effecting an exchange 1792 of land, they removed to the more they have ever since occupied, with large additions, on the southerly side of the same lake. For the first ten years, they were not by their garb distinguished from the " World's People," as they fertile spot their views, and are willing to allow classes the privilege to worship to their own consciences. all God agreeably This is their view of the facts relative to the Shakers and the world's people, as they stood eighty years ago in Enfield, and to-day. It is gratifying to have the Shakers allow that the world is progressing, and intolerant, as years ago, any improvement if is not as they do not claim in themselves. We are led to believe, however, that they, like all civil- ized people, have changed for the better, have more years ago. liberal views and than they had eighty 147 termed outsiders. Six years after their advent, they are called in tho town records of 1788, " Shaking Quakers," and the selectmen are instructed to petition the legislature, stating " their conduct, "and the situation risking for a like other of the remedy. new town, and At the sects, the start, Shakers were exceedingly wild, enthusiastic and extravagent in their beliefs and religious exercises. But after a time, they gradually settled down into the sober, temperate, and rational people they now are and long have been. They have always been remarkable for honesty and industry. Like the same sect elsewhere, they hold their property in common, take on themselves vows of perpetual chastity, rejecting even the institution of marriage, and make dancing a part of their religious exercises. William Wil- liams is said to be the person who introduced the two preachers. He was an honest, but eccentric man, who, after living many years in society, left it, and continued to reside near it with his son William, a man of wit and worth, deputy sheriff, land-surveyor, town clerk. The old gent died at an advanced age, many years ago. Notices of Early Settlers. Most of the early settlers of Enfield came from Connecticut, Haverhill and Chibano, a point near Salem, Mass., and Hampstead, Plaistow and South Hampton, N". H. Jesse Johnson, Esq., Johnson. was from Hampstead. He made purchase in Enfield in 1778, and in the next six years became the owner of nearly a quarter of tho township under its two charters. He passed much of his time in Enfield, superintending his first �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 148 the clearing of his land and erecting mills, from 1778 to March 1787, when he removed his family there, and resided there till March his 68th year. 11, 1800, in his death, In Enfield, he was made a magistrate and Representative, and discharged the principal town offices. Hon. Jesse Johnson, oldest son of the foregoing hy his first marriage, was born in Hampstead, The 1762. subject of this notice in 1779, in his 17th year, walked to Enfield, through the wilderness, to aid in clearing his father's lands. The year after he became of age, he was appointed Justice of the Peace, an office he held 32 years, his death; was Proprietor's Clerk, 30 years, one of the town's earliest land surveyors, its first magistrate and representative, a delegate to the convention that in 1792 formed the present State Constitution, Judge of Probate, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and in 1812, nominee of his party till for Congress. He died Sept. 23, 1816, in his 54th year. Gile. Johnson Gile, an exem- plary man, father of the late Daniel Gile, a gentleman of intelli- gence and worth, and grandfather of Bbenezer Gile, who occupies the homestead, of Dr. Aaron Gile, and of Mrs. Lydia (Gile) Conant, late wife of G. W. Conant, Esq., came to the town from Hopkinton, with his wife and two children, in and died there, March 14, 1790, aged 38. Bingham. Elisha Bingham was born in Windham County Connecticut, and settled in Enfield about 1772. Though illiterate, he seems to have been a man of good capa1779, city, his town name officer. often occurring as a He had a large fam- His son Elias, born Aug. 29, was the first male child born in the town, and his daughter Phebe, born January 7, 1778, probIn ably the first female child. 1787, Mr. B. removed, with his entire family, to Jay, Essex County, N. Y. Jonathan PaddlePaddleford. ford who has descendants in the town, was, if not the first, among the very first settlers. He came to Enfield with an adult family of sons and daughters, from Ashford, Windham County, Conn., where, as early as 1765, he purchased several pieces of land from the original proprietors under the Enfield ily. 1772, and removed between that year and to Enfield charter, 1772. He erected the second grist mill in the town, afterwards known as Fol- Mascomy Rivnear where the Shaker Mills now stand. He died, July 13, lansbee's Mills, on er, 1783. Capt. Nathan Bick- Bieknell. nell came to the town, with his wife and six children, in the spring of 1777, from Ashford, Conn., and resided east of East Pond, where his son Isaac after- wards Bicknell's lived. was named after Brook He died in him Enfield. Jachman. Samuel Jackman, the ancestor of the Endfield Jackman, was from Haverhill, Mass., and came to Enfield about when he bought 1779, there a full right of Jesse Johnson, Esq., on George Hill. Sanborn. John Sanborn, land surveyor, joined the Shakers, left them and committed suicide about 1788. He lived on George Hill. Kidder. Thomas Kidder came to the town, from Alstead, in 1786, �149 EPPING. with his wife and children, who were all of the Shaker church. He was the father of Jason, born in 1781, among man long a principal man the Shakers, and a gentle- of refined manners, good tal- ents and sterling worth. Merrill. came to the Joseph Merrill, Esq., town about 1795, from South Hampton, was Justice of the Peace, deputy sheriff, representative, &c. He was a man of enter- and much inlluence. Other early settlers before 1800. Archelaus Stevens, Joseph MarsJonathan Johnson, Peter tin, Johnson, Moses Johnson, Benjamin Merrill, Moses Rowell, Jacob Cochran, Capt. Asa Pattee, Theophilus Clough, Moses Jones, Jacob Choate, Levi Webster, John Johnprise son, half brother of Jesse. North by Canaan, Boundaries. husbandman gets a good return for his labor, both in his crops, and in the increased value of his farm. Lamprey River, flowRivers. ing from Deerfield and Raymond, receives the Pawtuckaway coming from Pawtuckaway pond, and runs through the whole length of the town from west to east, and north- —North River coming from Saddleback near mountain passes through Deerfield and Nottingham, and joins the Lamprey, in the north part of the town. The Lamprey furnishes some good water power. east Northwood Villages. On Lamprey River, in the southern center of the town, is located the village of Epping Corner. It is the seat of considerable Here trade and manufacturing. are three churches, two school two large shoe manufactowoolen mill, saw and grist houses, east by Grafton, south by Gran- ries, tham, and west by Lebanon. Area, acres; area of improved four or five stores, one hotel, post, land, 15,425 acres. telegraph and express 24,060 Fifty-nine miles (by Distances. railroad) north-west Northern from Concord, twelve south-east from Dartmouth College, and one hundred and thirty-one miles by The rail north-west from Boston. original distance by stage, was 42 miles to Concord and 105 to Boston. The Northern RailRailroad. road passes through the north-west corner of the town. EPPING. town is sur- moderately uneven, but the soil is generally good, and produces excellent crops of corn, oats, and hay. Many of the farms much care, are and other mechanical shops, office, and hundred dwelling houses. At West Epping are two stores, woolen mill, saw mill, postoffice and fifteen or twenty dwelling houses. About one mile north from Epping Corner is a fine street where fifty or sixty years ago the larger portion of business in tow was done. The large mansion houses, seen there now, plainly show that wealth and plenty dwelt about one there sixty years ago. On this Plummers, Ladds, and other prominent men who, in their day, were well known to the State, and many of them held restreet lived the Rockingham County. The face of this mills, cultivated with in such cases the sponsible positions in their town. State and nation. Employments. The inhabitants are principally engaged in agriculture, but manufacturing is an im- �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 150 portant branch of industry. Over 280,000 pairs of sale shoes and boots are annually made, valued at $288,000 woolen goods are manu; factured to the value of $19,000; 58,000 shingles; 1,700,000 feet of boards and dimension timber are annually sawed, valued at $19,900; 10,000 bushels grain ground, $10, There are also hub 000. mills, blacksmith shops, planing mill, Besides wheelwright shop, &c. distinguished citizens. He was a of the United States Senate from 1802 to 1807, President of member the State Senate in 1810, and chief magistrate of the State in 1812, 16, and 18. William Plummer, Jr., was a member of Congress from 1819 to 1823. He died September 18, 1854, aged 65 years. A CongregaFirst Ministers. 17, was tional society established in there are carpenters, painters, masons and butchers. (See tables.) Productions of the Resources. Rev. Robert Cutler was ordained pastor in 1747; dismissed in 1755 Rev. Joseph Stearns, ordained in 1758 died in 1788 Rev. $102,064; mechanical labor, Peter Holt, settled in 1793; dis- soil, $74,500; stocks, money $28,300; ings banks, $33,379 $39,125; summer and at interest deposits in sav; stock in trade, tourists, $2,500; professional business, $10,000. Churches and Schools. Congre- H. Stearns, gational, Rev. J. 100 members; value of church property, $ 3,000 son, rector; ; Episcopal, H. Fergu75 communicants; value of church property, $ 3,500 Methodist, Rev. D. W. Downs, pastor, 100 members; value of There church property, $2,000. are eight schools in town ; aver- age length for the year, nineteen weeks. Hotel. Pawtuckaway House, val- ued at $5,000. Epping was from which it was taken February 23, 1741. Its first settlement comFirst Settlement. originally a part of Exeter, menced with the early history of New-Hampshire, long before it was severed from Exeter. One hundred years ago it had rnore inhabitants than at the present time, having a population of over 1,500, being the fourth town in the county and the fifth in the State. Wil- liam Plummer was one Qf most its 1747. ; ; ; missed in 1821. Boundaries. North by Nottingham and Lee, east by Newmarket, South Newmarket and Exeter, south by Brentwood and Fremont, and west by Raymond and Nottingham. Area. 12,960 acres; area of improved land, 8,575 acres. Twenty-nine miles Distances. south-east from Concord, eighteen west from Portsmouth, and eight north-west from Exeter. Railroads. Concord and Portsmouth Railroad passes through the town, in an easterly and westerly Nashua, Epping, and direction. Rochester Railroad crosses the Concord and Portsmouth at Epping Corner. The Salisbury, Exeter and Epping Railroad will have its terminus here. With the growing railroad facilities, no doubt but Epping will increase both in wealth and population, within the next ten years. EPSOM. Merrimack County. The face of this town is sur- generally un- even. The soil is good and well adapted for grazing and grain. There are some very fine interval �ERROL. 151 of carried to Canada, from whence she returned after the close of the and Ponds. Great and Suncook Rivers are the They afford principal streams. some very good water privileges, many of which are not improved French and Indian war. There were never any serious depredations by them, beside killing a few farms, pi'oducing fine crops corn, oats, hay, &c. Rivers Little to their Chesnut, extent. full Round, and Odiorne's Ponds are the principal bodies of water in this town. Mountains. McCoy, Fort, Nats, and Nottingham Mountains are the most noted elevations. Brown oxide, and Minerals. sulphuret of iron are found in various localities. A valuable mineral for paint (Terra-sienna) found Arsenical here. argentiferous galena, and tite, also is pyrites, hema- associated with quartz crys- occur in several localities. Employments. The larger portion of the inhabitants are engaged tals, in agriculture. About 600,000 feet The cattle. people, however, were frequently frightened, and would flee to the garrisons in Nottingham, whenever an Indian alarm was given. Maj. Andrew of this town, Mc Clary, was a native killed at the bat- Bunker's Hill, June 17, In this battle he displayed great coolness and courage. When news of the battle of Lexington reached him, he left his plough in the furrough, and hastened to the battle field. First Ministers. Rev. John Tucker, ordained in 1761, dismissed in 1774 Rev. Ebenezer Hazeltine, ordained in 1784, died in tle of 1775. ; 1813. Productions of the mechanical labor, $6,400; stocks and bonds, $6,000; money at interest, $ 8,250; deposits in savings banks, $63,492; stock Boundaries. North by Pittseast by Northwood and Deerfield, south by Allenstown, and west by Pembroke and Chichester. Area, 19,200 acres. Distances. Twelve miles east from Concord. Railroads. Suncook Valley The Concord and Railroad. Railroad may pass Rochester through this town, east and west, in trade, $11,900. via Northwood. of lumber is annually sawed. A considerable number of the people are engaged in making wo- men's boots and shoes. (See tables.) Resources. soil, $92,492; Churches and Schools. Christian, Rev. B. Dickson, pastor; Congregational, Rev. F. H. Wales, pastor; Freewill Baptist, Rev. Joel Baker, pastor. Hotel. Suncook Valley House. First Settlers. Epsom was granted to Theodore Atkinson and others, May 18, 1727. It received its name from Epsom, in England. Indians. McCoy was August 21, 1747, Mrs. taken prisoner, and field, ERROL. Coos County. tions the soil is In some porgood, and fair crops of oats, potatoes, and hay are produced. Rivers and Ponds. In this town several considerable streams unite with the Androscoggin. this river, in Errol, a large of Upon amount money ha« been expended in dams and clearing the erecting �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 152 channel, for the purpose of driving logs from the upper lakes to market, through tho whole season. There are several ponds and small streams, which abound with trout. Agriculture is Employments. the principal employment of the There inhabitants. is but little manufacturing in the town. Productions of the Resources. mechanical labor, Boil, $20,929; $1,600; money at interest, $1,200. Dam House, Hotels. House, and Aker's House. Errol There are four schools Average length of schools for the year, eight weeks. First Settlers. Erroll was granted to Timothy Ruggles and others, February 28, 1774. Incorporated Schools. in this town. December 28, 1836. Boundaries. North by Wentworth's Location, east by Umbagog Lake and State of Maine, south by Cambridge and Dummer, and west by Millsfield. Improved land, 2,123 acres. Thirty miles north north-east from Lancaster, and one hundred and fifty-nine miles north north-east from Concord. Distances. EXETER. Rockingham County. Exeter half shire town of the county, and was the third town organized in New-Hampshire. It is situated on both sides of Squamscot river, which furnishes some valuable water power. is The erally surface of the level, town is gen- the soil quite good and well cultivated. Some of the ing their labor, with what they and their receipts at valued at $ 4,000, paid for labor $300 farm productions, $ 2,300, of which $ 300 was hired, $ 2,500, $ 5,068. 60 acres, ; for lumber. show This is sufficient to that farming, if properly at- tended to, will give a fair return for the investment, even in New- Hampshire. The town is watered Hirers. by Exeter River, by the Indians At the falls called Squamscot. the tide water is separated from Above the fresh. stream assumes the the falls the name of Great River, to distinguish it from one of its smaller branches, called Great River and its Little River. branches furnish some valuable water power, which is generally improved. At Squamscot falls and Village. at the head of navigation, and, by the course of the river about thirty miles from the Atlantic, is situated the large and beautiful village of Exeter. Here, near these falls, commenced the first settlement in town under charge of the Rev. John Wheelwright,* over two hundred and thirty years ago; and ever since that date, Exeter has been making a history for herself, the State and Nation, in her eminent men, her popular schools, her general improvements, and her fine and picturesque village, as honorable and as broad as any town of her size in America. Here are located two of the most popular literary country. best farms in the State are in this in the Acade- my was town. institutions Phillips Exeter lips, In 1870, a farm valued at $ 20,000 returned the annual value of production .$2,500, paying for labor $ 400. One $ 25,000, reckon- founded by Dr. John Phila resident of Exeter, and a charter was obtained from the leg* See note in other part of this tive to the " Wheelwright Deeds." work, rela« �EXETER. islature of New-Hampshire, April being the first charter granted by the State for an institution of learning. It has been, and is to-day, the most popular institution of the kind in the counThe light from this institutry. tion has reflected through such 1781, 3, national men, as Lewis Cass, Daniel Webster, John A. Dix, Edward George Bancroft, John and scores of other stars quite as brilliant, that we might mention if space would permit. Through the generous bequest of William Robinson, Esq., a native and former resident of this town, Everett, P. Hale, but who passed his latter years in Georgia, the Robinson Female Seminary was established in 1867. was opened for the reception 153 Tho wide and elm and maple. Some of the most ancient and largest elms in the State, are itants. streets are beautifully shaded with the in this village. vate Many residences are of the pri- among the most expensive in the State, while some of the business blocks have a metropolitan appearance. Many men do business in Boston fifty miles distant, and reside here, largely because of its superior school advantages, and other advantages not obtained in or near a large city. The highways leading from Exeter to Portsmouth, Rye beach, Hampton beach, Newburyport, Kingston, Epping and Dover are not to be surpassed by any like number in New-England. It is This bequest fourteen miles to Portsmouth, ten to Rye, nine to Hampton, fourteen sum of $250,000 which will make a permanent fund in all time to come. Thus far, the school has met with unbounded success. (See Literary Newburyport, six to Kingston, Epping and sixteen miles Exeter has furnished to Dover. her full share of public men both Two in the State and Nation. It of pupils, in 1869. amounted to the large to eight to governors, covering a Institutions.) There are eight church edifices, fifteen years; six school houses, (one a large high court, school building,) three banks, from forty to fifty stores of various kinds, Attorney three hotels, printing office, court house, county buildings, one of the finest depots in the State, one large cotton factory, one large brass machine shop, foundry, machine shop, carriage factory, potters' ware works, besides wool pulling business on an extensive scale, shoe making, harness making, monuments and marble works, tailors, milliners and various other trades common to a large New-Hampshire village. Their are also eight law- two dentists, many other professions and about three thousand five hunched inhab- yers, six physicians, years; space of six justices of the thirty-two generals, years; three thirty-seven six presidents of the sen- members of the U. S., house of representatives, two U. S., senators, and many other officers, both of State and Nation. The tide rises about six feet at Exeter and the river admits vessels of over 200 tons burthen. Heavy articles, such as coal &c, generally come up the river. Employments. The larger porate, six tion of the people are generally de- voted to manufacturing, mercantile and professional business. The Exeter Manufacturing Co. annually produce 3,600,000 yards cotton sheetings, valued at fine �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 154 There are other manulumber, $ 21,100 flour and meal, $ 15, 200; foundry, $30,000; machine shop works, $ 50,000 brass works, $ 40,000 carriages, $ 10,000 wool $ 450,000. factories annually producing ; ; ; ; pulling tin- $250,000; receipts, manilla and brown paper, $14,000; printing, $ 6,000 furniture, $5,000; gas, $7,500; ware, $ 14,000 ; custom boots and shoes, $ besides milliners, tailors, 3,000 black- smiths, carpenters, painters and other mechanical shops. many The total value of goods of all wool business, employing 251 males, kinds, including the is $ and 977,200, 135 females in its production. Resources. Agricultural produc- mechanical labor, $ 157,000; stocks and money at indeposits in savterest, $ 195, 100 stock in ings banks, $ 198,341 trade, $ 191,250, and professional tions, $ 84,000 ; ; ; Exeter, for many years, has been considered a wealthy town, but its citizens have had the reputation of contribbusiness, $100,000. uting as much money to assist in building western railroads and cities, as any town in the State, in wealth. It is to proportion to be hoped that its it has worked no material injury to their own town; but if it has not, it is an exception to the general rule in such cases. Churches and Schools. 1st. Congregational, Rev. Swift Byington, pastor church value, $ 35,000 2d Congregational, Rev. George E. ; ; pastor, value, $ 25,000 Unitarian, Rev. Benjamin F. McDaniels, pastor value, $ 14,000 Christ church, Episcopal, Rev. Street, ; Henry Ferguson, rector; $12,000; Baptist, Rev. Chase, pastor; value, value, John N. pastor; value $8,000; St. Mary's Roman Catholic, Rev. Charles Egan, priest; value, $3,000; Advent, no pastor, $ 1,500. There are fifteen schools in town, twelve of which are graded; average length of schools for the year, twenty-eight weeks number, ; of scholars, 409 boys, and 361 girls; total value of school-houses, $101, Total amount of money annufor school purposes, $17,062.74 or $22.15 to each scholar in town; the average amount for each scholar in the State, is $7.38. 000. ally expended The public school advantages in Exeter are second to none in the State, and perhaps in the United States. Literary Institutions. Phillip's Exeter Academy, Albert C. Perkins A. M., principal; Robinson Female Seminary, Eben S. Stearns, principal Exeter High School, Albin Burbank, principal. (See ; Literary Institution.) Exeter Town Libravolumes Private Libraries, Golden Branch, 1,500; Soule Branch, 500. There are twentyeight libraries in town of 500 volumes or more. Newspapers. Exeter News LetLibraries. ry, 3,500 ter. ; (See tables). Banks. National Granite State Bank, Exeter Savings Bank, and Union Five Cent Savings Bank. (See tables). and Hotels Eating Houses. Squamscot House, American House and Hoyt's House F. II. Hervey, ; C. E. Folsom's Eating Houses. First Settlement. The Rev. John Wheelwright, in 1629, (who afterwards was banished from the Colony of Massachusetts, by reason of $10,000; his peculiar religious belief called Methodist, Rev. Silas E. Quimby, Antinomian opinions; purchased �155 EXETER. of the Indians a tract of country a precipitate retreat, killing one between the Merrimack and Piscataqua, extending back some fifty person, The deeds of these lands signed by Fassaconaway, chief sagamore of the Pennacooks, miles. were on living three Merrimack, the of other chiefs tribes and in New England. The this section of consideration for these lands consisted in "coats, tles." In shirts, and ket- 1633, the authorities of Portsmouth and Dover, agreed with Wheelwright, that his proposed town at Squamscot Falls, should be called Exeter. No settlement was commenced however, until April 3, 1638, when Wheel- wright and others formed themselves, into a body politic, chose their magistrate, and bound themselves by vote to sacred obedience. In 1642, Exeter was annexed to Massachusetts and Wheelwright, by reason of his sentence, was compelled to flee from his new settlement, and from his brethren in the same religious faith — some time after this, he was restored to his former privileges, and was ordained at Hampton, in 1647, and preached there eleven years. The first settlers suffered more or another made in Exeter, by Indian depredations for many years. In 1675 one person was killed and less prisoner; in 1695, two person were killed. In 1697, the Indians had laid their plans to make a general massacre of the and a total destruction wounding another, and away one child. The guns were fired to frighten a few women and children, who had carrying gone into the fields after strawIn 1707, another person was killed; and in the spring of Stevens, William 1709, Samuel Moody and two sons of Jeremy Gilman were taken prisoners at "Pickpocket mills." In 1710, the Indians killed Colonel Winthrop Hilton, a meritorious citizen, with two others, and took two prisoners. Many others were killed or taken captives, and much property destoyed by these savage incursions. berries. The town as originally surveyed, comprised within its borders, Epping, New-Market, South NewMarket, Brentwood, Fremont, and All of these towns, Stratham. with the exception of Stratham, were formed into separate organIts popula- izations, prior to 1775. tion in 1775 was 1741. Exeter has, during its history, all contained periods of among its eminent and useful men. Hon. Samuel Tenney, General Nathaniel Peabody, Hon. Nicholas Gilman, General Nathaniel Folsome, Hon. Jeremiah Smith, Hon. John Taylor Gilman, Hon. George Sullivan, Hon. Tristram Shaw, Hon. John S. Wells, and Hon. John Sullivan, have filled high and honorable positions, both in the State and Nation. It has its citizens, who stand high in inhabitants, citizens to-day, of the town. They were concealed in the thickets near by, preparing for a vigorous attack. They were frightened from their designs, by hearing the reports of several guns, the estimation of their townsmen, and of the people in the State. which led them to believe they were discovered, and they made First Ministers. Wheelwright Rev. John settled in 1638, left in 1642; Rev. Samuel Dudley, ordained in 1650, died in 1683; Rev. John Clark, ordained in 1698, �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 156 died in 1705; Rev. John Odlin Rev. settled in 1706, died in 1754 Woodbridge Odlin, dismissed in ; settled in 1743, 1776; Rev. Isaac Mansfield, settled in 1776, dismissed in 1787; Rev. William II. Howard boys and youths boots, brogans and shoes the number of pairs made exceeding that of any town in the State. There are 13 manuen's, — factories with a capital of $ 500,000 which employ nearly 1000 males and who annually receive for settled in 1790, dismissed in 1828. females, North by NewMarket and Stratham, east by Stratham, Hampton and Hampton Falls, south by Kensington and East Kingston, and west by Brentwood and Epping. Area of improved land, 3,675 acres. their labor about Forty miles southand fourteen west from Portsmouth. The Boston and Railroads. Maine Railroad passes through the town in a northerly and southerly direction. Trains stop at the station ten minutes for refreshments. The Epping, Exeter and Amesbury Railroad, will pass through here, school building, twenty-five or thir- when er in the place, so is poverty. Boundaries. Distances. east from Concord, constructed. FARUIINGTON. $ 500,000, and produce 1,300,000, pairs of boots shoes &c. valued at $ 1,700,000. Part of these shoes are bottomed in the adjoining towns. There are two banks, three church edifices, one large high ty stores of all kinds, ing office, two one job print- hotels, three livery post office, express and telegraph office, three lawyers, three physicians offices, one denstables, 1 tist's office, and about three hun- dred dwelling houses. It is a very pleasant and busy village, and, as idleness is a strang- Employments. Manufacturing, Strafford County. The surtown is broken and rugged, but the soil when properly cul- and mercantile trade are the principal employments of the inhabitants, although there are some very fine farms, and good farmers in the tivated yields fine crops town. face of this Rivers The Cocheco River pas- ses through the north-east part of the town affording some interval lands along its banks. Mountains. Blue Hill, or Frost Mountain, extends in a north and south direction neaidy through the town. Mount Washington, Monadnock, and hundreds of le-ss elevations, together with ships in Portsmouth Harbor, can be seen from its summit, in a clear day. Village. About one mile northwest from what is called the Dock, is Farmington village. The inhabitants are extensively engaged in the manufacture of men and wom- Productions of the mechanical labor, $ 504,000 stocks and bonds, .$ 10, 900; money at interest, $6,300; de posits in savings banks, $ 143,635; Resources. soil, $48,498; ; in trade, $ 55,300 sional business, .$10,000. stock ; profes- Churches and Schools. CongreRev. J. Smith, pastor; Freewill Baptist, Rev. G. W. Park, pastor Methodist, Elder Tebbets, pastor; Advent, Rev. J. Smith, pastor. There are fourteen school districts, and eighteen schools in town. Average length of schools for the year, twenty- four weeks. Literary Institution. Farminggational, ; �157 FITZWILLIAM. ton High School, E. J. Goodwin, Principal— School Fund §3,000. Hotels and Ealing Houses. Elm House, Mechanics Hotel; and Bickett and Wedgewood Eating Houses. First was Farmington Settlement. originally a part of Rochester, but was incorporated as a distinct town December, First 1798. Minister. . Durham. Area, extensively quarried. The Employments. inhabitants of Fitzwilliam are largely engaged in manufacturing and stone quarrying. fifty Nearly one hundred and are employed in the stone men Over 3,000,000 feet of lumber is annually sawed 500,000 pails and 100,000 tubs are manufactured, besides carnages, sash and business. ; James Rev. Walker, Congregational, 1818. North by New Boundaries. Durham and Milton, east by Milton, State of Maine and Rochester, south by Rochester and Strafford and west by Strafford and New- improved lands, suitable for whetstones. Granite, of a superior quality, is stones, 21,000 acres; 5,440 acres. miles Thirty-five Distances. north-east from Concord, and eighteen north-west of Dover. Cocheco Railroad Railroads. passes through this town in a northwesterly and south-easterly direction. FITZWII.LIAltt. blinds, chair stock, &c. (See table of manufactories. There are two pleasVillages. ant villages in this town, which are the seat of considerable business. There are three church edifices, three school houses, two postoffices, savings bank, ten or fifteen stores of various kinds, and several The valuable stone quarhotels. ries, the extensive manufactories, together with the fine scenery in various sections of the town, which draw hither hundreds of summer tourists, every year, makes the future prospects of Fitzwilliam Cheshire County. The surface of this town is uneven, and the very encouraging. but suitably adapted for grazing. There is a considerable quantity of meadow land, which is very pi'oductive. Streams and Ponds. Camp and ucts, soil hard, Priest Brooks streams are the in town. Rockwood's and principal South, Sip's, Collin's Ponds are the only natural collections of water. Elevations. Near the Center of the town is a large hill, noted for the delightful prospect it affords. Gap Mountain, which, a distance, appears to be a part of the Monadnock, lies partly in this town and partly in Troy, On its at summit are found various kinds of Resources. Agi'icultural prod- mechanical labor, $53,606; including stone quarrying, $104, 000 ; stocks, bonds, and money at intei-est, $19,170; deposits in savings banks, $66,640 stock in taide, ; $15,225; from summer tourists, $8, 000; professional business, $18,000. Library. Fitzwilliam Public Library. Baptist, Churches and Schools. Rev. H. W. Day, pastor; Congregational, Rev. J. F. Norton, pas- There are Methodist, twelve schools average length for the year, twelve weeks. Hotels. Fitzwilliam, Cheshire, Sip Pond House, and Monadnock House. tor . ; ; �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 158 First Settlers. originally Fitzwilliam was " Monadnock called Number Four." The first settlement was made by Brigadier General Reed, John Fassett, Benjamin Bigelow, and others, in 1760. General Reed was a revolutionary pa- whose merits, as an officer, and a true man, will long be remembered. Incorporated May 19, triot, 1773. First Minister. Rev. Benjamin Brigham, Cong., ordained in 1771 died in 1799. Rev. Stephen Williams, settled in 1800 ; dismisssd in of this mountain covered with almost a solid ledge, affording a very extensive woods, the other view of the south-west. Minerals. In the easterly part of this town is a quarry of free- which has been extensively stone, wrought. It is of a color, and, when marble of Vermont. Specimens of rock crystal are found in the south part, and plumbago occurs Near the center of this Village. North by Troy and by Rindge, south by Royalston and "Wmchendon, Mass., and west by Richmond. Area, of Francestown. 26,900 acres. Distances. Sixty miles south- west from Concord, and thirteen south-east from Keene. Bailroads. The Cheshire Railroad passes through this town in a north-westerly and south-easterly direction. the the very pleasant village is It is neatly built, being wide, and, in places, beautifully shaded. streets many It is the center of considerable business from the surrounding country. There are several stores, one savings bank, one national bank, one hotel, &c. Employments. Agriculture is the principal employment of the inhabitants. About 600,000 feet of lumber are annually sawed also, ; FKANCESTOWN. Hillsborough County. The surface of this town is uneven and, in some parts, stony; but the quality of the soil is warm, moist, and very productive. some good interval. Rivers and Ponds. There is Haunted Pond. The two These two ponds principal fancy boxes, fancy writing desks, kits, pails, &c, are manufactured. Resources. Productions of the soil, $51,556; $9,800 money mechanical labor, stocks and bonds, $33,900 ; at interest, $8,300 in savings banks, $87,000 ; deposits ; stock in trade, $12,680; professional busi- south branches of Piscataquoag River have their rise in this town the largest branch from Pleasant Fond, and the other branch from are the water. in the north part of the town. town Bottndaries. dark greyish polished, resem- bles the variegated 1802. Jaffrey, east is is collections of Mountain. Crotched Mountain has an altitude of six hundred feet above the common in the center of the town. One of the summits ness, $10,000. Library. Home Circle Library. Literary Institution. Frances- town Academy, J. E. Vose, prin- cipal. Churches and Schools. CongreRev. H. F. Campbell, pastor. There are ten schools in this town average length for the year, twenty-one weeks. gational, ; Hotel. Francestown Hotel. Francestown de- First Settlers. �FEANCONIA. rived its name from Frances, the wife of Governor Wentworth. It was first settled by John Carson, a Scotchman, in 1760, and was called New Boston Addition. It was incorporate! June 8, 1 by 1772. its present name Mr. James Wood- bury was a soldier in French war, and engaged Gen. Wolfe when he was the siege of Quebec. He the old beside of killed at also be- longed to the company of rangers commanded by the immortal Stark. He died March 3, 1823. First Minister. Congregational, Rev. Samuel Cotton, 1773. Rev. Moses Bradford, settled in 1790; dismissed in 1827. Boundaries. North by Deering, and Weare, east by Weare and New Boston, south by Lyndeborough and Greenfield and west by Greenfield and Bennington. Area, 18,760 acres. Distances. Twenty-seven miles south-west from Concord, and twelve north-west from Amherst. Railroads. Stage passes through this town from Hillsborough Bridge to Milford. The Manchester and Keene Railroad will pass through this town. FRAA'COXIA. Grafton County. is Franconia considered one of the mountain towns in n< >rthernNew-Hampshire. Along some of the streams, there is considerable interval land, which is very fertile and productive, yielding fine crops of oats, potatoes, and hay. Large quantities of Maple Sugar are annually manufactured here. Str< urns and Ponds. Several branches of the Lower Ammonoosic have their rise in the mountain- ious tracts on the east. Ferrin's 159 Pond near " Notch " is the source of "Middle Branch," one of the principal branches of Peniigewas- Echo Lake, about one mile in length and three quarters of a mile in width, lies at tho foot of Mount Lafayette. It is almost set River. entirely protected, from violent winds.by lofty hills which surround it on all sides. The report of a gun fired upon its shores may be heard distinctly several times, thus imi- tating successive discharges of musketry. Scenery. The varied scenery in and around Franconia is not to be excelled in any section of the White Mountain district. No visitor has thoroughly finished his tour to the Mountains until 4e visits Franconia and views its natural curiosities. The Franconia mountain pass, presents to the traveler some of the wildest scenery in the country, and must ever remain as one of Na- where the grand and beautiful are so perfectly blended in its wild and rugged form. The " Old Man of the Mountain ;" " the Basin ;" " the Flume,' are all worthy of a visit from lovers of grand natural scenery. For a more particular description see "Notes on mountains in New-Hampshire. Summer Besort. Franconia has ture's curiosities 1 '' become quite a resort for summer about seven hundred persons- permanently board there through the warm season of the tourists, year, besides the transient visitors who are ing. constantly going and comThere are three hotels, besides seven or eight large summer boarding houses for the accommodation of visitors. Almost every house has a few boarders. There has been a large Iron Manufactory in successful operation for a number of years, �160 NEW-HAMPSnillE GAZETTEER. February but at the present time it is not doing others, any business. The ore which has supplied this manufactory has been taken from a rich mine, within the limits of the town of Lisbon. 250 tons of pig iron, and from 200, to 300 tons of bar iron were the an- The first ers, in 1774. nual productions of this establish- ment. Employments. Agriculture, and keeping summer boarders are the principal employments of the people. 280 tons of clapboards, starch, 150,000 410,000 shingles, and 14, 1764. settlement was made by Captain Artemas Knight, Samuel Barnett, Zebedee Applebee, and oth- Boundaries. North by Bethlehem, east by ungranted lands, south by Lincoln and Landaff, and west by Lisbon. Area, 32,938 acres improved land, 5,369 acres. ; Distances. Eighty miles (via Plymouth) north from Concord, and twenty-eight North-east from Haverhill. 1,45G\000 feet of boards, &c, are an- Railroad. White Mountain Rail- nually produced, besides bobbins, cabinet work, boots and shoes, road passes through Lisbon, the iron work &c. Resources. soil, (See tables.) Productions of the $68,428; $25,500 myhanical town adjoining on the west, dis- tant about five miles. FRANKLIN. labor, and money $18,675; from summer stocks, bonds, Merrimack County. $19,450; deposits in savings banks, In proportion to its population, Franklin is the most important manufacturing town in the State. It was $4,165; professional business, $10, formed from four towns, Decem- ; at interest, tourists, $120,000; stock in trade, 000. ber Churches and Schools. Baptist, Freewill There are Average length of . five schools. schools for the year, ten weeks. Hotels. Profile, Lafayette, and Valley Houses. The Profile House is the largest and the best patronized house in the White Mountain no uncommon thing have from four to five hundred guests at one time. It is enough to say that their accommodations are not suflicient for the demands made on them in region. It is for the house to the season of summer travel to the mountains. The other hotels are fine, commodious houses, with accommodating landlords, and have a fair patronage. First Settlements. The town was originally called Morristown, and was granted to Isaac Searle and 24, 1828, viz. a small portion of Andover, which bordered on south-western bank of the Pemigewasset River, a small gore of Sanbornton, lying between the Pemigewasset and Winnipiseothe gee Rivers; a portion of Northfield, bordering on the south side of the Winnipiseogee, and the east bank of the Merrimack River; and a portion of Salisbury which bordered on the western side of the Merrimack and Pemigewasset rivers, thus cutting off Andover from the Pemigewasset, and Sanbornton and Salisbury from the Merrimack. The whole area taken from these four towns, only formed a small township of about 9,000 acres. The soil, on the river, is generally sandy, but produces fine crops, when properly cultivated, �FRANKLIN. and some of the best farms may be found county The Webster farm tion in this in the town. lies in that por- which formerly belonged to The father of Daniel Webster removed to this farm and built the main house now Salisbury. There standing. now is (1873) growing in the front yard a large elm, which was set out by Daniel Webster, June when he was a 17, 1&73, boy. through an invi- given by the citizens of Franklin to the Webster Club of Boston, who were the old, tried friends of Daniel Webster, and tation to the Governor and Council, and members of the Legislature of New-Hampshire, and other people in the surrounding towns, there was a meeting at this old home- stead for the purpose of calling to mind the days in the past, Webster made his annual for his energetic efforts to establish this institution it and have Nathaniel Concord, Hon. located in Franklin. White, Esq., of Dexter Richards, of Newport, and many others, who will be hereafter mentioned, deserve commendation for their liberal donations of money to this humane work. officers of the home are making extensive improvements by erecting new buildings, etc. Pond. Webster Pond is situated near the Northern Railroad, in the Andover portion of the town. It is a beautiful sheet of water, and is much resorted to in the The summer months, parties. Judge Thomas, Hon. Geo. Hon. Peter Harvey of Boston, and Governor Straw and John H. George, Esq., of this State, were very interesting and impressive, and will long be remembered by those who had the sion by S. Hilliard, pleasure of hearing them. A few years ago this farm was purchased for the purpose of establishing an Orphans Home. It 1 in successful mith visit, The Hon. Judge Nesmith of Franklin, presided over the ceremonies of the day, and, on taking the chair, gave a short and touching biographical sketch of the Webster family. The speeches, made on this occa- now A. Mack as superintendent, has been very active for its success from the day of its inception. The citizens cannot give too much credit to Judge G. W. Nes- D. who when with invited friends, to the place of his birth, his boyhood haunts, and the graves of his father and mother. is 161 operation, under the immediate care of Rev. for pic-nics and Near the confluence Pemigewasset and the Winnipiseogee rivers, thus forming the Merrimack, is the large manufacturing village of Franklin. But few, if any, towns in the State have made such rapid proVillage. of the gress for the past fifteen years, in manufacturing, and wealth it having increased in each nearly one hundred per cent. The water power in this village, with one exception, is the best population, — and most The reliable in the State. principal manufactories are on the Winnepiseogee, which never fails, having as a reservoir the Winnipiseogee and Winnesquam There is an immense Lakes. power on both rivers at this point still unimproved. The principal manufacturers are the Winnipiseogee Paper Company, who manufacture book and �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 162 news paper, and annually produce tons of paper, valued at $625,000 the Franklin Mills, manufacturing fancy flannels, of the best quality for shirtings, annually 2,496 other professions, and over three hundred dwelling houses. Some ; of the business blocks are and some of the fine structures, in McCounel, belt scenery, ; ; $35,000; en, lumber mills, lacings, 1,100 doz- besides tin carriages, ware, stoves, blacksmiths, shoe shops, harness makers, marble works, printing, tailors, millinery, and other me- The chanical shops. total capital nvested in manufacturing in the Number of village is $1,145,000. males 329. employed, 478; females, Annual pay roll, $333,000. Annual production, $2,490,000. There are four church edifices. Two large school houses, academy, bank, from thirty to forty stores of all kinds, stables, two two livery telegraph and six lawyers, four hotels, express, printing offices, physicians, one dentist, various residences are the private producing 1,500,000 yards, valued at $750,000 the Franklin Woolen Co., manufacturing beavers, tricots, broadcloths, &c, valued at Walter Aiken, pro$400,000; ducing 55,000 dozen woolen hose, vamed at $192,500; A. W. Sulloproducing 45,000 dozen way, Shaker socks, valued at $150,000; Walter Aiken's machine shop, manufacturing knitting machine and other machinery, needles, valued at $50,000; Curtis & Lake's, wool pulling establishment, annuF. H. Aiken, al sales, $75,000. manufactures brad awls, saw sets, valued at $25,000; tools, &c, Sleeper & Hancock, door, sash, and blinds, $25,000; Stevens & Sanborn, machine shop, $6,000; Taylor & Co. foundry, $15,000; Jewell & Johnson, grist mill, grind 35,000 bushels grain of all kinds, valued at $30,000 Thomas county. the The best Northern Railroad passes along the western suburbs of the village, on a high bank, affoi'ding a fine view of nearly the whole village at a glance. Cemeteries. etery is The principal cem- situated on a plain about one hundred rods easterly from the village, considerably elevated above it, and is truly a delightful spot for the final resting place hold most dear. As said, "All is quiet yet, within the inclosure, the visitor, with a single glance, may behold the distant and gradually rising hills toward the west, and the puffing locomotive, with its almost endless train; while, a short distance below, is the union of the Pemigewasset with the Winnjpiseogee, and before of those we one has well around, and him the busy village with its —the whole and variety beauty, presenting a striking contrast to the stillness of the sacred grounds, and forcibly reminding him that there is but a step between the abodes of the living and " the city of the dead." The Sanborn cemetery is one mile east, and on a corresponding elevation, overlooking the village and the river. Both of these cemeteries belong to incorporated companies, and there are some fine and expensive monuments in their grounds. The Webster place cemetery is the oldest in town. In these grounds rest the ashes of the parents of Daniel Webster, and of others of his kindred. Another cemetery �163 FRANKLIN. on the river road, lies in the north part of the town. The prosperity of Franklin, like that of Keene, Newport, Rochester, Lebanon, Littleton and Farmington is owing largely to the enterprising own inhabitants, who invest their surplus capital for the spirit of its growth and welfare of their own town and do not seek investments in the West, and quietly wait for foreign capital to come in and build their workshops and mills ; while they stand ready to sell their corner lots at advanced rates. If people wish to have their own towns increase in wealth and population, let them invest their own surplus money in them, and foreign capital will surely come in and assist them in enter- their Christian, Rev. O. J. Waite, pastor. There are sixteen schools in town, seven of which are graded average length for the total twenty-two weeks year, amount of money annually appropriated for school purposes, pastor; ; ; $4000.50. Literary Franklin Institution. Academy, Charles A. Jewell, prin- cipal. Libraries. Franklin Library Association, 1500 volumes Aiken ; Library Association, 800 volumes. Private libraries of 500 volumes or more Judge G. W. Nesmith, 1,500 volumes; Jonas B. Aiken, 500; David Gilchrist, 600 M. B. Goodwin, 4,000; A. F. Pike, 2,000; Daniel Barnard, 1,200; Rev. Dr. Savage, 1,500; Rev. O. J. Waite, : ; John W. Simonds, prise. 500; Employments. As can be seen in the foregoing, Franklin is a mercantile and manufacturing town; although in proportion to the area of improved land, its agricultural productions are as valuable as those of any town in the county. The amount of lumber sawed, of Na- thaniel Sanborn, 600. all kinds, laths, is 600,000 shingles and 800,000 and feet of boards, valued at S 1-2,000. The total value of goods of all kinds manufactured is (See tables.) Productions of the mechanical labor, $ 79,000 $2,498,400. Resources. soil, $334,800 ; ; stocks and money at in- terest, 61,700; deposits in savings banks, $123,057; stock in trade, $159,450; $ professional business, Franklin Savings Bank. (See tables.) Merrimack Jour- Newspaper. nal. (See tables.) Hotels. Webster Churches and Schools. First Baptist, Rev. J. F. Fielding, pastor Freewill Baptist, Rev. James Rand, pastor Methodist, Rev. J. Dearborn, pastor; Congregational, Rev. W. T. Savage, D.D., ; House and Franklin House. Boundaries. North by Hill and Sanbornton, east by Sanbornton and Northfield; south by Northfield, Boscawen and Salisbury, and west by Salisbury and Andover. Area, 9,200 acres; area of improved land, 7,376 acres. Distances. Twenty miles, by rail road, north from Concord. Railroads. The Northern Railroad passes through this town, from Concord, in a northerly and northwesterly 80,000. W. Bank. 1,000; direction. When from Franklin, to form a junction with the Montreal Railroad at Tilton, and thence to Alton Bay, their railroad facilities will be equaled by but few towns in the State. the railroad is built �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 164 FREEDOM. surface uneven, but the soil is well adapted for grazing and tillage. Hirer and Lakes. Ossipee River is the only stream of any imporis some excellent of which but very tance. The Ossipee factories, see tables.) Bank Valley Savings and here, is are there money at interest, pro- $ 6,225 deposits in savings banks, $13,918; stock in trade, $ 9,066 tourists, $ ; from sum- Mr. town. Stenchfield, W. Baptist, pastor; Hobbs, pas- There are ten schools in this Average length for the Freedom was formerly called North Effingham and was taken from Effingham, and Ossipee Gore, and incorporated by its present name, June 16, 1831. Boundaries. North by Eaton and Madison, east by Parsonsfield, south by Effingham, and west by Ossipee. Area of improved land, ; 7,847 acres. Distances. east Sixty miles north- from Concord, and ten north from Ossipee. Railroads. several other small streams, which some good water power. Loon Pond, in the north part is the principal body of water. furnish A Employments. large portion of the inhabitants are engaged in ufacturing carried on, is manwhich will be largely increased now Nashua and Rochester railroad the The the town. of boots and shoes annu- passes through number is 30,000 pairs; and 1,500,000 feet boards, and dimension timber is 30,000 shingles Carroll House. First Settlements. and theoretical farmers in town, and their combined practice has proved successful and remuner- tical ally manufactured, year, ten weeks. Hotel. the inhabitants industrious and prosperous. There are some prac- agriculture, but considerable 3,500. Churches and Schools. Christian, Rev. A. is River and Pond. The town is watered by Squamscot River and ducts, $67,402; mechanical labor, ; The County. generally level, and the soil of good quality. As a general thing the farms are well tilled, and surface ative. Agricultural Resources. tor. FREMONT. Rockingham several of various kinds, doing a fair business. Rev. When completed, the Ossipee Valley Railroad will pass through this town. located stores, mer Falls and Conway Railroad. It affords water privileges, Part of Ossipee little is improved. Lake lies in this town. The inhabitants Employments. are generally engaged in agriculture. There are some very fine farms in Freedom, under a high (For manustate of cultivation. $ 5,800 on the Portsmouth, Great station, The Carroll County. sawed, valued at $19,000; besides there are spokes, hubs, shoe boxes, and palm leaf hats produced. (See tables.) Resources. Agricultural produc- tions, $56,862: $21,500; mechanical labor, money at interest, $15, savings banks, $5,423; stocks and bonds, $4,400; stock in trade, $ 6,000. 865; deposits in MethoChurches and Schools. and Baptist are both supplied by transient preachers. There are dist By Express team Centre daily, eight miles to Ossipee four schools in town. Average �GILFORD. length of schools for the nineteen weeks. First Settlements. This was was formed from Brentwood, w:is originally a part of It was incorporated June Exeter. 22, 1764, the town and originally called Poplin, which July year, and changed The 8, 1854. first to Fremont, precise date of settlement is not known. Rev. Orlando Hines, was the first minister. North by Epping, Danville and Sandown, and west by Chester and Raymond. Area, 10, 320 acres; improved land, 4,449 Boundaries. east by Brentwood, south by Mountains. Suncook Mountain extends in a towering pile through its eastern portion nearly to Lake Winnipiseogee. The Winnipiseogee Villages. River, from the outlet of the lake to the bay, separates the town from Laconia. On this river, in its course of about two miles, are situated the two growing villages of Lake Village and Laconia (formerly called Meredith Bridge). The rapid growth of these two villages has nearly connected them, so that they now form one of the largest centres for manufacturing and mer- These towns of Gilford and Laconia, and are connected by bridges over the Winnipiseocantile trade in the State. villages are in the acres. Twenty-four miles Distances. south-west from Portsmouth, ten west from Exeter, and thirty southeast from Concord. GILFORD. Belknap County. Gilford is the shire town of the county it ranks in population the eleventh, in wealth the twentieth, and in the ; annual value of its productions, the fourth agricultural town in the of the town is uneven but the soil is generally very productive and under a high State. 165 The surface state of cultivation. WinnipiseoRivers, •Ponds &c. gee River washes its eastern border in its passage from Long to Winnisquam Lake, for a distance of nearly two miles, and affords water power in Gunstock and Miles the State. Rivers have their rise in Suncook Mountain and flow in a northerly direction into Winnipiseogee Lake. There are two ponds, Little and Chattleborough. There are two some of the finest gee River. Lake village is pleasantly situat- ed at the foot of Long Bay, which, at the Wiers, forms the outlet of Winnipiseogee Lake. In this village are several hosiery manufactories, a cotton and a woolen manufactory, the Boston Concord and Montreal Railroad repair and Machine shop, a large foundry and machine shop, Wardwell Needle Manufactory, knitting machine manufactory, Photographer, sawmill, &c. There are also twenty or thirty stores, four churches, one large hotel, savings bank, newspaper office, and about 2000 inhabitants. At Laconia village near Winnisquam Lake, are located the celebrated Ranlet Car Manufactory, several hosiery mills, woolen and cotton mills, sash and blind, iron foundry, machine shops, gas works and mechanical shops of various kinds common to a thriving islands in the lake belonging to this New town. are England five village. church edifices, There sev- �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 166 eral school houses, Court House, three banks, one newspaper office, thirty or forty stores, two hotels, various professional offices and about 3000 inhabitants. Some of the public and business buildings are fine structures, and compare favorably with buildings of a similar character of any city or large town in the State. The streets are wide and lighted by gas and some of them very pleasantly shaded by which are many trees, behind splendid residences adorned with beautiful gardens and green lawns, and the generally thrifty appear- value of $120,000. Men and women's cotton and worsted hose, shirts and drawers annually manufactured, are valued at nearly $ 250, 250,000 10,000 clapboards; 000; shingles 3,575,000 feet of boards, together with the sash, blind and planing of boards are annually valued at $129,000. The total value of manufactured goods of all kinds, annually produced, is $734,000. (See Tables.) Productions of the Resources. ; soil, $247,290; mechanical money labor, &c, $28,700; interest, $22,600; de- stocks, $185,800; at sections ren- posits in savings banks, $230,989; ders this village delightful and attractive. The inhabitants of the two villages are earnestly discuss- stock in trade, $42,630 from tourists, $10,000; professional business, ance to be seen in all ing the question of forming three towns out of the towns of Gilford and Laconia and having these villages the centre of two of the towns. The arguments produced for such About a change, are plausible. four miles east from Lake Village In is Gilford village (or centre). this village store, is school a church, town house, house, post office, and some small mechanical shops. Employments. The employments forty or fifty dwelling houses, of the people are nearly equally divided between agriculture, on the one side, and manufacturing, trade and professional business on the other. About 3,000 bushels of wheat, 12,000 bushels of corn, 5,000 tons of hay, &c., are annually produced. The Boston, Concord and Montreal machine shops, annually turn off work in repairing, manufacturing cars, &c, to the value of $140,000. Two iron founderies and machine shops, annually produce loom castings, stoves, plows, cultivators, and water wheels to the ; $80,000. Summer Resorts. The delight- with the fine scenery of the surrounding country, cause many tourists to make their home in this town through the warm season, away from the ful villages, together noise, filth and impure air ot the large cities. Churches and Schools. 1st Freechurch, Rev. S. C. Kimball, pastor number of members, 140, church value, $10,000; 2d F. W. Baptist church, Rev. will Baptist ; Frank Lyford, pastor; number of members, 114, church value, $8, 000 3d F. W. Baptist church, Rev. H. Kimball, pastor; number of 160, church value, $10, 000; Calvin Baptist, Rev. K. S. S. members, Hall, pastor; number of members, 110, church value, $15,000; Advent, There are fourteen school districts, and seventeen schools in town; average H. B. Cutter, pastor. length of schools for the year, sixteen weeks. Total amount annually appropriated for school purposes, $3,015,55. �167 GILMANTON. MOUNT BELKNAP HOUSE. Hotels. Mount Belknap House, of agricultural products exceeded town in the State. The Laconia Hotel and Willard Hotel, Laconia Village. that of any surface is The the soil is Lake Village. total value of Hotels is $75, 000. This town was originally a part of Gilmanton, and First Settlers. was incorporated June 16, 1812. James Ames and S. S. Gilman made the first settlement in 1778. broken and uneven, but deep and fertile, and the farmers are well rewarded for their with good crops of wheat, corn, oats, hay and potatoes. It is well Rivers and Ponds. watered by Suncook and Soucook labor, some excellent Suncook River has its source in a pond on the top of one of the Suncook mountains, The 900 feet above its base. water of this pond falls into another at the foot of the mountain one mile in length, and one half rivers, which afford water privileges. Elder Richard Martin (F. W. Baptist) settled here in 1798. Elder Uriah Morton, ordained in 1808; died in 1817. Boundaries. North by "VVinnipiseogee Lake, east by Alton and Gilmanton, south by Belmont, and west by Long Bay and Laconia. Area, 23,000 acres improved land, this 18,728. about 500 First Ministers. ; Twenty-five miles north of Concord. Railroads. The Boston, Concord and Montreal passes through this town on its western border. The Lake Shore Railroad, if ever built, will pass through the northern portion of the town. Distances. mile in width; it falls into flowing through another, covering acres, from which it meanders through the town, re- ceiving several streams in its The Soucook River has source from Loon, Rocky and course. its Shell Camp Ponds, in the south part of the town, which are the only ponds of any note. Mountains. Suncook Moun- tains extending in a southerly di- G!L,MA^TTO.\. Belknap County. Gilmanton is one of the best farming towns in the county, and before Belmont was disannexed from it the value are in this town. highest peak is about 900 rection, The feet above the level of the sea. Porcupine Hill, is a remarkably abrupt precipice of granite gueiss and �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 168 mica slate rock, which form, by overhanging strata and deep ravines, a pleasant and favorite resort of the students of Gilmantheir ton Academy. Below this steep precipice, is a deep an'd shady dell thickly clad with dark evergreen foliage of forest trees, while the rocks are wreathed in rich profusion by curious and beautiful lichens or mosses. Quartz crystals of Minerals. considerable size are found near Shell iron Camp Formerly bog pond. was taken in large quantities from the bottom of Lougees Pond by means of long tongs. Summer Resorts. The numer- ous hills and valleys in Gilmanton produce considerable scenery which is romantic and beautiful, and has attracted the attention of many tourists who resort here in the warm weather, for recreation and health. Employments. Farming is the chief employment of the people although manufacturing is carried on to a considerable extent. 500, 000 feet of boards &c, and 420,000 shingles are annually sawed, also 90,000 pairs of boots and shoes are annually manufactured. There is one mill where plows and cultivators are made one rake manu; besides factory, 7,500 sides of leather annually tanned, valued at §33,700. $ Productions of the mechanical labor, stocks and money at in- 170,670 $ 33,400 $ ; terest, ; 33,606 ; banks, $81,189; $ $ $ deposits in savings stock in trade, from summer tourists, 9,000 from professional business, 6,900 spectable institutions in the State. was incorporated October It 13, R. E. Avery, principal number of students, 122; library contains 600 volumes. Hotels. Central House, (at iron works). Washington House, (at 1794 ; Academy). First Settlements. was granted sons, Gilmanton to twenty-four per- named Gilman, and 152 oth1727. The settlement May 20, ers, was delayed and interrupted by frequent depredations of the In- Benjamin and John Mudgand Orlando Weed with their dians. ett families settled here in December Dorothy Weed, the first white child born in town, was born Belmont here October 13, 1762. was taken from this town June 28, 1761. 1859. First Minister. Elder Walter Powers, ordained in 1786; dismissed in 1806. Rev. Isaac Smith, ordained in 1774; died in 1817. A Baptist Church was organized November 16, 1773, and the Congre- gational Church November 30, 1774. Resources. soil, Congregational, one Methodist, one Friends, one Freewill Baptist, one Calvin Baptist, and one AdEighteen schools; avervent. age length for the year, sixteen weeks. Academy. Gilmanton Academy is one of the oldest and most re- ; ; 18,000. Churches and Schools. There are seven churches in town, viz. two Northeast by Giland Alton, south-east by New Durham and Barnstead, southwest by Loudon and Canterbury, and north-west by Belmont and Improved land, 23,840 Gilford. Boundaries. ford acres. Twenty-five miles Distances. north-east from Concord, and eight south-west from Gilford. �GILSUM — GOFFSTOWN. 169 money Railroads. Ten miles, by daily stage to Tilton, on Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad, from Gilmanton Academy; and six $35,100; miles by daily stage to Alton, on the Cocheco Railroad, from Gilmanton Iron Works. When completed, the Suncook "Valley extension and Franklin and Rochester at interest, $9,550; gational, Railroad will pass through this town. GIL,SUM. Cheshire County. The sur- generally uneven, but the In many parts are soil is fertile. to be found fine arable land, free face is froin stone, and producing good deposits in savings banks, $58,193; stock in trade, $33,600. Churches and Scliools. CongreRev. H. Wood, pastor There are Methodist, seven schools in Gilsum average length for the year, ten weeks. First Settlers. This town was granted to Joseph Osgood, Jacob . ; Farmer and others, under the name of Boyle, December 8, 1752. It was re-granted to Messrs. Gilbert, Sumner, and others, by its present name, July 13, 1763. The first settlers were Josiah Kilburn, Peltiah Pease, Obadiah Wilcox, Ebenezer Dewey, and Jonathan Adams, in crops of grass and grain. 1764. River and Pond. Ashuelot River passes through this town, affording many excellent water privileges. Cranberry Pond, a small sheet of Rev. Elisha First Minister. Fish, Congregational, installed in water, lies in the north-east section of the town. Vessel Rock. In this town there is an immense bowlder which has received the name of " Vessel Rock." It appears to have been stranded upon a mica slate ledge, whither it was driven and deposited by a powerful drift current which swept over the country in ages long since past. In the winter of 1817, a large piece of this rock was split off from the mass by some external force. Employments. The employments of the people are nearly equally divided between agriculture and manufacturing. There are two woolen manufactories, whose manufactured goods are annually valued at nearly $100,000. 600,000 feet of lumber are annually sawed, &c. (See tables.) Productions of the Resources. soil, $52,145; mechanical labor, 1794 ; died in 1807. Boundaries. North by Alstead, east by Stoddard and Sullivan, south by Keene and west by Surry. Distances. Forty-six miles southwest from Concord, and nine north from Keene. Area, 9,456 acres. Railroads. Nine miles to Keene depot, Cheshire Railroad. GOFFSTOWN. Hillsborough County. Goffstown is considered one of the best and wealthiest farming towns in the county. The soil of the uplands is rocky in some places, but Back is excellent for grazing. from the river are extensive plains —not so rich in soil, but easy to cultivate, tilled, when and, producing properly fine crops. Rivers. The tributary branches of the Piscataquog River unite near the west line of the town, and run through the center in an easterly direction, falling into the Mer- what was for- rimack River at �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 170 merly called Piscataquog Village. Elevations. In the south-west part of the town are two considerable elevations, which bear the name of "Uncannunuc." Employments. The inhabitants are generally engaged in agriculture. The surplus products of the farmers find a ready sale in the City of Manchester. Over 200,000 quarts of milk are annually sold. There is considerable manufacturing done. 85,000 window sash and 45,000 pairs of window blinds are manufactured annually 7,000 boys sleds made also over 2,000, 000 feet of lumber sawed. The total value of all kinds of goods annually manufactured is §189,000. (See manufacturing tables.) Resources. Agricultural prod; 1 ; mechanical labor, $64,100; stocks and bonds, $16,600; ucts, $160,860; money at interest, $7,200 deposits in savings banks, $215,422; stock in trade, professional $34,352; ; business, $10,000. The resources of Goftstown show the prosperous condition of its inhabitants. Churches and Sclwols. Congre- missed in Rev D. 1795. L. Mor- LL. D., settled in 1802; dismissed in 1811. Boundaries. North by Dunbarton and Hooksett; east by Hooksett and Manchester, south by Bedford, and west by New Boston and Weare. Area, 29,170 acres. Improved land, 10,606 acres. rill, Distances. Sixteen miles south from Concord, and twelve north from Amherst. Railroads. The Manchester and North Weare Railroad passes through this town. The projected line of railroad from Manchester to Keene will also pass through Goffstown. GO R HAM. Coos County. Gorham is one of the growing towns in Northern New-Hampshire, having increased in population from 224 in 1850, to 1161 in 1870, and is now the fourth town in the county in population, and in wealth the fifth. It is sit- uated at the northern base of the White Mountains, and much of its territory is rough and unproductive. Its prosperity must be Grand gational, S. L. Gerald, pastor; Methodist, E. Bradford, jr., pastor. There are fourteen schools in town Trunk Railway, which has ex- average length for the year, eighteen weeks. Hotels. New-Hampshire Cen- tensive repair shops here for the Eastern Division of their road; and as being one of the most pop- and Uncannunuc. This town was granted to Rev. Thomas Parker and others, by the Masonian pro- ular resorts for tral, First Settlers. prietors, in formerly included a part of Hooksett and Manchester. Incorporated June 16, 1748. It 1761. First Mi?iisters. Currier, ordained Rev. in Joseph 1771; attributed the summer tourists White Mountain range. Rivers. The Androscoggin pass- in the es through the north-east part of the town; Peabody Riv-r forms a junction with the Androscoggin near the village of Gorham. There are many small mountain streams well stored with trout. dis- missed in 1774. Rev. Cornelius Waters, ordained in 1781; dis- largely to Village. is On the Androscoggin situated the thriving village of Gorham. The mountain scenery �GORHAM. around this village is not surpassed in the whole mountain region. At the south-east, distant but a few miles, stand Mounts Moriah and Carter, each about 5,000 feet in height at the west can be seen Mount Madison, at the north-west ; the Pilot range, while at the east, Androscoggin Hills, the most prominent of which is Mount Hayes. It is only eight miles to the Glen House at the base of Mount Washington. The other places around Gorham, worthy of a visit from tourists, are Lead Mine Bridge in Shelburne, four miles distant, Randolph Hill, Berlin Falls, on the Androscoggin, and many other points of interest are the to the traveler. House, in The Alpine and one of most popular this village, and houses around the Mountains, was The burning of burnt in 1872. the largest this hotel village, made many is and it a great loss to the who have summer home for to travelers their years past. gers of the If the mana- Grand Trunk Railway, Montreal Railroad, have an eye on the main chance, and to the interests of like those of the their own road, a new hotel will from the ashes of the Alpine, with enlarged facilities for the ac- rise commodation of tourists, before 171 boarders. It is estimated that there are three thousand tourists who stop here from one week to three months through the warm season, mer The capital invested in the rail- road shops, is $ 125,000, employing men, with an annual pay roll of $ 96,000, and with an annual production of $250,000. There are 155 also various other manufactories in the village. There are three churches, one large school house, twelve stores, of various kinds, bank, three lawyers, three physicians, one dentist, and about 900 inhabitants. Employments. mer all Over boarders. of lumber is 2,850,000 feet annually sawed, val- ued at $35,500; meal and flour ground, valued at $ 9,000 machine shop, $ 250,000 starch mill, $2,200; tannery, $ 18,800 besides cabinet work, shoe making, black; ; ; smiths, harnesses, carriage repairing, tin ware, and some tailors, other mechanical shops. The total value of all goods manufactured annually is $ 344,000. (See tables.) Resources. Agricultural produc- $5,000; The Gorham House, Lary House, Mount Washington House, Eagle House, and Glen House, at Mount Washington's base, are fine hotels. There are also five or six boarding houses, for summer The inhabitants engaged in manufacturing, trade, and keeping sumare nearly the wants of the traveling public, desire to stop for a few weeks or months in this delightful vil- sum- the village. tions, lage. in the height of weeks, there are over one thousand stopping in another year passes. There are a number of good hotels still remaining, but not enough to supply who and travel, for four $ 20,920 ; mechanical labor, $116,700; money at interest, $ 5, deposits in savings banks, 750; stock in trade, $39,709; from summer tourists, (with the Glen House) estimate, $ 130,000. Professional business, $10,000. Churches and Schools. gational, Rev. G. F. CongreTewksbury, pastor; Methodist supplied by Rev. seaux of Lancaster. lic, ; Catho- H. NoiThere are I. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 172 and granite are also slate, gneiss, average length of three schools schools for the year, twenty-four found. weeks. Banks. principally engaged in agriculture. ; There are annually sawed, 40,000 (See tables.) First Settlement. Gorham was originally called " Shelburne Ad- In 1800 there were but It forty-five inhabitants in town. was incorporated under its present dition." name June 18, 1836. Area and Randolph. Area of im- west by 18,146 acres. proved land 1981 acres. Distances. By railrord 172 miles north from Concord, and 35 east from Lancaster. Railroads. The Grand Trunk Railroad passes through the northeastern portion of the town. This road connects Portland with Montreal and the West. The Boston, Concord and Montreal forms a junction with it at Northumberland. GOSHEIV. Sullivan County. The surface of Goshen is uneven and broken, but the soil, shingles; &c. 925,000 feet of boards 6,000 sides of leather, ; and 12,000 lbs. of splits are annually tanned, valued at $25,000. Productions of the Resources. mechanical labor, soil, $ 60,092 $ 5,000 stocks and money at inter deposits in savings est, $ 26,050 banks, $ 20,618 stock in trade, $ 8,700. Churches and Schools. Christain church, Rev. H. A. Stratton, Congregational church, pastor Rev. John Bragdon, pastor; Baptist church, no pastor There are Average five schools in town. ; Boundaries. North by Berlin, east by Shelburne, south by the northern base of the White Mountains, The people are Employments. Gorham Savings Bank. when properly culSome tivated, produces fine crops. of the farms are under a high state of cultivation. Streams and Ponds. Several small streams which unite in forming Sugar River have their source in the east part of the Sunapee mountain. Rand's Pond, in the north-east part of the town, is the largest body of water. Mountain. Sunapee Mountain ; ; ; ; length of schools for the nineteen weeks. year, Goshen was First Settlements. formed from Newport, Sunapee, Newbury, Washington, Lempster, and Unity. It was first settled by Capt. Benjamin Rand, William Lang and Daniel Grindle, whose sufferings and hardships were very great their crops were often badly injured by early frosts, and they were frequently obliged to go to and Walpole for Charlestown : grain. Incorporated in 1791. A CongregaChurches. church was organized in 1802, and a Baptist society in 1803. Boundaries. North by Sunapee and Newport, east by Newbury, south by Washington, and west by Lempster and Unity. Area 12,023 acres; area improved land, 8,513 First tional acres. the principal elevation. miles Forty-two Distances. north-west from Concord, and six Minerals. Plumbago is found here in limited quantities. Mica, south-east from Newport. Railroad. By stage three times lies in the eastern part, and is �GOSPOItT — GRAFTON. 173 a week to Newport station, six miles, on the Sugar river railroad. Lord Jesus Christ. On a certain day, which, by their agreement, GOSPOKT. belonged unto the exercises of the fishermen came to Mr. Brock, and asked him, if they might put by their meeting, and go a fishing, because they had lost many days, by reason of foul weather. He, seeing that without religion, Rockingham County. An island in the Atlantic Ocean, about twelve miles from Portsmouth, and belongs to a cluster of islands situated mostly within the boundary of Maine, and called the Isles of Shoals. It was formerly called Appleton Island and contains about one hundred and fifty acres. The inhabitants are principally devoted to fishing, and attending to the wants of summer tourists. It is becoming one of the greatest sumresorts on the Atlantic coast. mer One of the largest hotels in the was built here in 1872, besides there were several other State, large houses previously erected. Steamboats leave and return to the wharves in Portsmouth several times daily through the warm season for the accommodation of the traveling public. Owing to Early Settlements. the great facilities island was inhabited by the whites for fishing, this an early date. In 1728, they paid £ 16, as their proportion of the province tax of £ 1,000. at There one school with twenty-eight scholars. Average length of schools, twelve Schools. weeks ; number is of inhabitants 94. had occasionally, but in this respect there has been no improvement for over two hundred years. " As eaidy as 1650, Rev. John Brock began to preach here. The Preaching is following story by Mather: is — 'Mr. consent, they resolved upon doing what they had asked of him, replied, If you will go away, I say unto you, catch fish, if you can! But as for you that will tarry, and worship the Lord Jesus Christ this day, I will pray unto Him for you, that you may take fish till you are weary. Thirty men went away from the meeting, and five tarried. The thirty which went away, with all their skill, could catch but four his fishes ; the five who forth afterwards, tarried went and they took hundred. The fishermen, after readily attended whatever meetings Mr. Brock appointed them.'" Doubtless there is no such agreement with any minister to-day, if there was, the people would be quite as apt to break it. five this, GRAFTON. Grafton County. The surface is uneven but in many sections the soil is good, and, when properly cultivated, produces fine crops of corn, potatoes, and grass. There some are farms, and tical very well cultivated some of the best prac- farmers in the State, reside in this town. related of him, Eivers and Ponds. Smith's River, Brock brought a tributary of the Pemigewassett, runs through this town in a south- the people into an agreement, that, exclusive of the Lord's day, they easterly direction, also branches of Mascomy River which would spend one day every month the together, in the worship of our into the Connecticut, falls have their �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 174 source in the north-western section of the town. There are five ponds, the largest of which is called Grafton Pond, and has an area of nearTwo are ly three hundred acres. named "Mud Ponds." Elevations and Minerals. In the north-west part of the town is a remarkable ledge, called the " PinOn the south side, the nacle." ground rises by a gradual ascent to the summit; but on the north side, it rises nearly perpendicular over one hundred and fifty feet. At Glass Hill, about four hundred feet above its base, is found a very valuable quarry of Mica. The Mica is very clear, and colorless and, when in thick masses, has a red tinge. This quarry is extensively worked in the warm season, and yields nearly 100,000 lbs. of mica annually. It is now worked by J. W. Kelton & Co., Grafton Centre. From the summit of this a delightful view of the surrounding country may be obtained. hill, On John's Hill an eminence about one mile south-west from Glass Hill, beryls of a large size, are found. Employments. Agriculture is the principal employment of the people. Besides the work in the mica quarry, there is but little manufacturing done. (See Tables.) Resources. Agricultural products, $ 79,934 ; mechanical labor, $4,300; stocks and bonds, $3,200; money at interest, $ 18,886 deposits in savings banks, $45,220; stock ; in trade, tourists, $ $12,150; from summer 1,000. Churches and ScJwols. Rev. Warren Applebee, Union, pastor; There are ten schools in town, average length for the year, twelve weeks. Christian, . Hotels. Pleasant Valley House. This town was First Settlers. granted to Ephraim Sherman and August 14, 1761. The first permanent settlement was made by Captain Joseph Hoyt, and Captain Alexander Bixby in 1772. Inothers, corporated, November was formed in 11, 1778. A Baptist church First Churches. The Freewill was organized in 1785. Baptist church 1817. North by Orange, and Danbury, south by Springfield, and west by Enfield and Canaan. Area, 21, Boundaries. east by Alexandria 993, acres. Distances. Thirty-six miles north-west from Concord, and sixty south-east from Haverhill. Railroads. There are two staNorthern tions in this town, on the Railroad. GRANTHAM. Sullivan County. The surface of this town is uneven, but the soil is productive. There are some farms along its southern and western border which are well cultivated and produce fine crops of grain, grass, &c. There are many large tracts of valuable timber land, and plenty of water power to prepare it ready for market. Ponds and Streams. There are seven ponds, the largest of which is Eastman's Pond of an area of neaidy 300 acres there is another pond near the Centre which covers about 200 acres. On the summit of Croydon mountain, is a natural pond containing 70 acres. The town is well watered by numerous trout brooks, many of them affording excellent water privileges. Mountains. Croydon Mountain extends along the westerly part of ; �175 GREENFIELD. south-west Grantham from north-east. The mountain to sides tham ;" original but it name was restored to its in 1818. furnish excellent pasturage, and, at its base, grass is produced in abundance. On the east side of Rev. First Minister. Clayes, ordained in 1821. medical a is mountain, spring supposed to possess healValetudinarians ing qualities. Dana east the frequently visit it, summer in the North by Enfield, by Springfield and Croydon, south by Croydon, and west by Boundaries. Plainfield. 24,000 acres; Area. improved land, 9,445, acres. season. Minerals. Large quantities are found in this town, of a substance which produces a paint similar to spruce yellow when clarified, or, being burned, produces a Spanish Brown. The Employments. inhabitants are principally engaged in agriculture, and lumber business more — annually sawed in Grantham, than in any other town in the county, amounting to over 2,400,000,feet; 1,600,000 clothespins are also annually manufactured. (See Tables). Productions of the Resources. lumber Distances. to Newport is $63,100; mechanical labor, $10,500; stocks and bonds, $6,200; money at interest, $ 9,750 deposits soil, ; Via Newport, fifty miles north of Concord, and ten north from Newport. Ten miles to NewRailroads. port station on Sugar River Railroad. The Sugar River Extension Railroad, if ever built, will pass through this town. A stage runs daily. GREENFIELD. Hillsborough County. The surface of Greenfield is broken and uneven, but the soil is deep and and yields fine crops fertile, of wheat, corn, barley, and potaThe hills afford excellent toes. grazing, plains stock in the valleys and for grain, favorable &c. Churches and Sclwols. Methodist, Elder George A. Tyrrell, pastor; Union, Rev. W. H. Eastman, There are eight schools pastor. in town; average length for the year, fifteen weeks; amount of money appropriated for school pur- while are ery, $ in savings banks, trade, $ ; Summer poses, annually, Hotel. 15,749 5,475. $ 748,48. " Grantham House." Grantham was First Settlers. granted July 11, 1761 but the pro- ; prietors not fulfilling the conditions of the charter, it was regrant- ed to Colonel William Symms and sixty-three others in 1767, its present name. under The name was changed in 1786 to " New Gran- Resorts. The fine scen- pure air, and pure water have caused many city invalids to spend their summer vacation in GreenThe town is noted for the field. longevity of its inhabitants. Contoocook Rivers and Ponds. River foi-ms part of the western boundary, and separates it from Hancock. It affords some very good water power. There are five ponds, the largest of which is about one mile in length, and one third of a mile in width. Mountains. A part of Crotched Mountain, rising from the north part, and part of Lyndeborough Mountain from the south and east �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 176 town are the sections of the GREENLAND. prin- Rockingham Countt. cipal elevations. Greenone of the most pleasant farming towns in the State. The orchards and gardens are valuable, yielding a good return to the farm- Employments, The inhabitants are generally engaged in farming. 360,000 feet of lumber are annuSash and blinds ally sawed. and wooden measures are also land The town is made. excellent fruit, it Resources. Agricultural prod- $57,354; mechanical labor, $ 6,500 stocks and money at interest, $18,575; deposits in savings ucts, ; banks, $54,037; $ 4,725, stock in trade, from summer ; tourists, $3,000. Churches and Schools. Congre- gational church, Eev. S. H. Partridge, There are ten pastor. school districts in town, and seven schools; average length for the year, nineteen weeks. Dunklee House. Hotel. First Settlements. was first Greenfield settled by Captain Alex- ander Parker, Major A. Whitte- more and others in 1771. Incorporated June 15, 1791. It received its present name from Major Whittemore. A Congregational church was formed in 1791. Rev. Timothy Clark, ordained 1800, dismissed in 1811; Rev. John Walker, ordained in 1812, dismissed in 1822. Boundaries. North by Bennington and Francestown, east by Francestown and Lyndeborough, south by Lyndeborough and Temple, and west by Peterborough and Hancock. Improved land, 7,611 First Ministers. acres. Distances. ers. is celebrated for its being excelled in its orchard products by no town in the county. Some of the most valuable and productive farms in the State, are in this town. Great Bay waters the northern section of the town, and the rest is watered by small streams. Employments. The people are generally engaged in agriculture. The farmers find a ready sale for their produce in Portsmouth, four the value of miles distant. About 280,000 feet of lumber are annually sawed, and about 18,000 pairs of sale boots and shoes made. Owing to the pleasant location of the town, quite a number of summer tourists spend the warm weather here. Productions of the $119,794; mechanical labor, Resources. soil, $ 6,600 ; stocks, bonds and money $28,470; deposits in savings banks, $39,976; stock in at interest, $ 1,875; from summer tour$ 2,000. There is no means of knowing trade, ists, amount of money securities owned by many people in this the town, but it is very large in pro- portion to the population. There Churches and Schools. are two churches Congregational, and Rev. Edward Robie, pastor Methodist, Elder F. Chandler, pas; Thirty-eight miles south-west from Concord, and about fourteen north-west from Amherst. Railroads. The Wilton Railroad has been extended to this town, thence to Peterborough. ; There is a fund of $ 5000, the income of which is applied to the support of a congregational minister and for missionary purposes. There are three public schools in tor. �GREENVILLE. town ; average length of schools for the year, thirty-three weeks. Bracket "Hotel." Greenland was originally part of Portsmouth, and was incorporated in 1703; one hundred years ago there were more inhabitants in the town than Hotel. First Settlement. at the present time. Rev William First Ministers. Allen, the first minister, was ordained July 15, 1707; died September 8, 1760; Rev. Samuel McClintock, D.D., ordained in 1756; died in 1804. He was a chaplain in the revolutionary army, and very active in the cause of his country. Boundaries. North by Great Bay and Newington, east by Portsmouth and Rye, south by North Hampton, and west by Stratham area 6,360 acres; improved land, 5,839. Distances. Forty miles south- east from Concord, and west five The Eastern, and Portsmouth and Concord railroad pass through a portion of this town, affording excellent railroad facilities to the inhabitants. is a small township taken from the northern section of Mason, and includes within its limits ville village." is The surface of uneven, but the soil is productive and produces excellent crops, the fai-mers finding a market at Mason ; ally sawing 700,000 feet of lumfurniture manufactory annu- making home village for all The Columbian Manufac- ries. Company are building another large mill which will go into operation in a short time. The total value of goods annually manufactured is estimated at turing $ 655,800. soil $108,200; banks, The trade, village of Green- situated on the and eight or kinds, hotel, some in Souhegan one of the pleasantest villages in the State. There are several large cotton mills, an extensive furniture manufactory, lumber mills, blacksmith, tin ware, shoe shops, and various other mechanical works. There are river, office, affords stock ; $42,800. through the northwestern part of town and summer from $35,800; tourists, $2,500 Souhegan River passes the Productions of the mechanical labor, deposits in savings £37,682; is ten stores of various two churches, a large school house with graded schools, bank, their surplus productions. Rivers. 700 sets of furniture; besides various small manufacto- ville is Hillsborough County. Green- "Mason ally ber Village. GREENVILLE. the town voted to exempt from taxation for a term of years any new manufactories Avhich may be erected. With this inducement held out, there is a prospect that the whole water power will be improved within a short time. The people are Employments. largely engaged in manufacturing, although there are many fine farms under a high cultivation. There are annually manufactured 3,524, 400 yards of cotton goods, valued at $617,100; lumber mills annu- Resources. from Portsmouth. Railroads. 177 fine water power, about one-half of which is improved. The town has insurance, telegraph, post two physicians' offices, and about 100 dwelling houses. Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. George F. Merriam, �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 178 pastor number of members, ; 95 church value, $8,000; Baptist, Rev. William H. Walker, pastor number of members, 100; church ; There are live value, $7,000. schools in town, two of which are graded average length of schools ; twenty weeks. Mason Village Savings Bank. Bank. (See table.) " Columbian House," Hotels. for the year, number of arrivals, 1,200. See Mason. The town was incorporated under the First Settlers. of Greenville in June, 1872. North by Temple Boundaries. and Wilton, east by Mason and Brookline, south by Mason, and west by New Ipswich. Forty-three nines Distances. Concord, and southwest from name twenty west from Nashua. A branch of the Railroad. Fitchburg railroad, formerly the Peterborough and Shirley railroad, has its terminus at Greenville village. soil is is deep and $ 70,367 ; money at interest, $8,200; stock in trade, $4,878; deposits in savings bank, $ 14,020 mechanical labor $ 6,000. Churches and Schools. Christian church twenty members, and Baptist church thirty members. There are ten schools in town. Average length of schools for the year, ten weeks. Organizations. In 1776 Groton was granted to George Abbott and others, by the name of Cockermouth. It was incorporated De- cember?, 1796. The first settlers were James Gould, Captain E. Melvin, James Hobart, Phinehas Bennett, and Samuel Farley, in 1770. First Ministers. Rev. Samuel Perley, Congregational, ordained in Grafton County. Productions of the Resources. soil, 1779, dismissed in 1785; Rev. Thomas Page, ordained GROTON. face of Groton generally engaged in agriculture 1,035,000 feet of lumber, 90.000 clapboards and 430,000 shingles are annually produced. (See tables.) The sur- in 1790, died in 1813. Boundaries. uneven, but the Bounded north by Wentworth and Rumney, east by and the reward Hebron, south by Orange, and west by Dorchester. Area, 16,531 fertile, husbandman reaps a rich for his labor, in tine crops of corn, acres. buckwheat, potatoes, etc. About 15,000 pounds of maple sugar re annually made. Rivers and Ponds. This town is well watered on its northerly border by Baker's River, affording some very good water privileges. Several small streams have their source in the southerly part, and Forty-five miles Distances. north-west from Concord, and ten oats, flow into cle ter. Pond Newfound lake. Specta- the largest body of waIt lies about a mile northeast is from Groton meeting house. Employments. The people are west from Plymouth. Railroads. station Six miles to Rumney on the Montreal railroad. Daily stage to Bristol, twelve miles, on the Bristol Branch railroad. HAMB»STEAO. Rockingham County. town lies partly This on the height of land between the Merrimack and Piscataqua rivers. In most sections, the soil is good, and when �179 HAMPTON. properly cultivated, produces fair crops. Rivers and Ponds. Spiggot River flows from Wash Pond, near the centre of the town. Angly Pond lies in the north-east part, and is drained by Powwow River. Island 19, 1749, and after the name of a pleasant village, five miles north of London in England. It included in its grant, a portion of Kingston, which created a long dispute between the two towns, which was finally settled by Hampstead's pay- Pond contains a valuable farm of ing one thousand pounds old tenor. about three hundred acres. It is an irregular shaped town its contour being varied by about thirty Rev. Henry First Ministers. True, ordained in 1752, died in 1782; Rev. John Kelly, installed angles. in 1792. ; The business Employments. is divided between farming and manufacturing. About 75,000 pairs of sale boots and shoes, are annually made, and 700,000 feet of lumber sawed, besides there are (Several small mechanical shops. Value of goods annually manunearly equally factured, $ 112,300. Resources. soil, $ 38,433 .§ 29,200 ; Productions of the mechanical labor, money ; at interest, $ 30,500 deposits stocks, ; banks, $> 44,032 ; and in savings stock in Boundaries. North by Sandown and Danville, east by Kingston and Plaistow, south by Atkinson, and west by Derry. Area, 8,350 acres; area of improved land, 4,725 acres. About thirty miles from Concord, and twelve south-west from Exeter. The Nashua and Railroads. Distances. south-east Rochester Railroad now (1873) being built, will pass through the town. trade, HAMPTON. $ 9,900. Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. E. W. Bullard, pastor. There are seven schools in town. Average length for the year, twenty-four weeks. There has been a fund bequeathed to the town, for the purpose of establishing a high school under provisions. The late Emerson made the bequest. certain B. D. First Settlements. In 1728, a Emerson made a settlement Mr. in the south part, near a brook; and at that time only a Mr. Ford and two Indians lived in the town. This territory was considered a part of Amesbury and Haverhill Massachusetts, until the division line was two was granted established between the States, under in its 1741. It present name, January The Rockingham Countt. town is level, and rich and productive. It is surface of this its soil noted for its extensive marshes, which have an area of eighteen hundred acres, or nearly one quarter of the whole surface of the But few towns in the town. State produce as much value, to each acre of improved land, a9 Hampton being $ 21,25. ; The soil well adapted to tillage and mowing, but there is not sufficient is pasturage, and many of the young cattle are driven in the spring, up to the pasture hills in Belknap CounHampton River, is the only ty. stream of any note. The constant tide, has made quite a channel, but above tide-flow it is nothing but a small brook. In its wash of the �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 180 passage to the Ocean, it receives the waters of Seabrook river. Summer Resorts. Hampton has been celebrated for many years, for its extensive beaches and fine Ocean scenery. Nearly midway of the beach, there is a high bluff, apparently rising from the Ocean, On the called "Boar's Head." land side, its is a gentle acclivity to summit, which covers a level space of two or three acres. Upon summit, is a large hotel called the " Boar's Head House " kept by this the popular landlord, S. H. Dumas, Esq. A little south of this house, on the side of the bluff, and near the Ocean, is the Leavitt House, managed by the proprietors of the same name of the House. This House is a new structure but is becoming quite popular, and re; The number the various .hotels. who come here and stay from one week to three months, is estimated at twelve hundred, besides the thousands who stop for a day or two. Employments. As can be seen, the people are largely engaged in keeping summer boarders, and farming is made a lucrative business by having a home market for of tourists all their surplus productions, at the hotels and boarding houses. The business of manufacturing sale shoes is carried on to a limited extent; also lumber business, and various other small mechanical shops. The total value of manufactured goods annually produced, is $ 56,560. Resources. soil, $95,447; Productions of the mechanical labor, share of patronage. At the north-easterly base, is the Granite Hotel, which is a popular $16,600; money at interest, $7, 100; deposits in savings banks, $19,329; stock in trade, $21,967; House. The views obtained from the top of Boar's Head, are the finest on from summer ceives the its full New-England Atlantic Coast. Before you is the broad Atlantic, the Isles of Sholes, the sea coast from Cape Ann to Portsmouth, and the white sails of the hundred vessels bound to some foreign land, some long or just returning from voyage to their home port, make the scene grand and interesting. The beaches, on either side of the bluff are broad, and afford excellent opportunity for invalids and parThere ties of pleasure to bathe. are several hotels near the beach, the largest of which is the Ocean House. It is about two miles from Hampton railway station, on the Eastern railroad, where coaches are in waiting, on the arrival of each train, to convey travelers to tourists, estimate, $80,000. Churches and Schools. Congreno pastor; Freewill Baptist, no pastor; Methodist, Rev. Elihu Scott, pastor. There is a fund of $ 12.000, the interest of which is to be devoted to the support of a Congregational minister. There are seven schools in town, two of which are graded. Average length for the year, thirty-one gational, weeks. Literary Institution. Hampton Academy. Hotels. Union House, Boar's Head House, Ocean House, Hampton Beach House, Couch House, Eagle House, Granite House, and Dow House. Hampton was town settled in New Hampshire, and was incorporated First Sctttements. the fourth �HAMPTON FALLS. May 181 and included within present towns of North Hampton, Hampton Falls, Seabrook, Kensington and South Hampton, having an area of about the town, in a northerly and south- The Indian name of the town was " Winnicummet," ton Falls is very pleasantly situated on the Atlantic. The land back from the marshes is elevated, and affords some delightful views of the ocean. The soil is very fertile, and large crops of corn, oats, potatoes and hay are produced. Some of the best farmers to be found in the state reside in this town. Employments. The inhabitants are generally engaged in agricul- its 22, 1639; limits the 45,500 acres. and at the time of its settlement it was considered within the jurisdiction of Massachusetts. The first settlers were emigrants of Norfolk, The first house was England. erected in 1636. Like all the early settlements, it suffered from Indian depredations. August 11, 1703, a party of Indians killed five persons, among whom was a widow Muzzey, celebrated as a preacher among the Quakers First Ministers. Rev. Stephen erly direction. HAMPTON FALLS. Hamp- Rockingham County. 1,578,000 feet of boards, ture. &c, annually sawed, and 90,000 pairs of shoes manufactured. Cotten batting is also manufactured. (See tables.) Resources. Productions of th« are ' Batchelder ordained in 1638; removed in 1641. Rev. Timothy Dalton, ordained in 1639; died in 1661. Rev. John Wheelwright, ordained in 1647; dismissed in 1658. Rev. Seaborn Cotton, settled in 1666; died in 1686. Rev. John Cotton, settled in 1696 died in 1710. Rev. Nathaniel Gookin, settled in 1710; died in 1734. Rev. ; Ward Cotton, settled in 1734 ; dis- $82,794; mechanical labor, stocks and money at inter- soil, $19,500 est, * ; $ 9,420 banks, deposits in savings ; $16,297; stock in trade, $2,470. Churches and Schools. Baptist Church, Rev. H. H. Beamans, pastor; Christian Church, Rev. J. H. Graves, pastor Unitarian Church, ; settled in 1797; dismissed in 1807, There are three schools in town; average length for the year, thirty-two weeks. There was an academy here for and died in many missed in 1765. Rev. Ebenezer Thayer, settled in 1766; died in 1792. Rev. Jesse Appleton, D.D., 1819. North by North Hampton, east by the Atlantic . south-west by Hampton Falls, and west by Exeter. Area, 8, 130 acres area of improved land, Ocean, ; 3,908 acres. Distances. Fifty miles south- years. First Ministers. Rev. Theophilus Boundaries. Cotton settled in 1712; died in 1726. Rev. Joseph Whipple, ordained in 1727 died in 1757. Rev. Josiah Bagley, settled in 1757 died in 1762. Rev. Paine Wingate, set; ; tled in 1763; removed in 1771. from Concord, ten south-west from Portsmouth, and seven miles e?st from Exeter. Rev. Samuel Langdon, D. D., setdied in 1797. Rev. tled in 1781 Jacob Abbott, settled in 1798. Railroad. The Eastern Railroad passes nearly through the centre of deposits from this town. east ; * Massachusetts savings banks receive large �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 182 First Hampton Settlements. was originally a part of Hampton, and for many years Falls much associated with it in the variemployments of was incorporated in ous It its people. 1712. over twenty miles from the pond. The village is very pleasantly on a plain. Here are sevmechanical shops, church, situated eral school house, town house, academy, several stores, hotel and fifty Boundaries. North - east by Hampton, south-east by Atlantic Ocean, south by Seabrook, and west or sixty dwelling houses. It is a very desirable village to live in, by Kensington. tourists. Improved Area, 7,400 acres. land, 5,786 acres. Distances. Fifty miles south-east from Concord, eleven south-west from Portsmouth, and six southeast from Exeter. Eastern Railroad. Hail roads. completed, the Newburyport and Amesbury Railroad will pass through this town. When quently broken by hills, and in the west part by mountains of considerable elevation. These elevations afford excellent pasturing, besides On tillage land. the Contoocook river, which forms eastern boundary, are some meadows which produce crops of hay. the resort of many summer Employments. The inhabitants are principally engaged in agriculture, and, as one has truly said, "It emphatically one of the good old farming towns, where any one would be proud to point out the home of his ancestors." There is are several small manufactories, annually producing; leather, $10, and meal, $9,200; lum$ 5,000 besides wheelwrights, blacksmiths, harness makers, carber, Hillsborough County. The surface of this town is uneven, fre- its is 000; flour HANCOCK. some very good and fine large There are many farms under a high state of culti- ; penters, painters, &c. of mechanical all Total value productions, $ 29,500. Productions of the $84,300; mechanical labor, $ 10,300 stocks and money at interest, $28,325; deposits in savings banks, $85,196; stock in trade, Resources. soil, ; $4,650. Churches and Schools. There are nine schools average length for the year, nineteen weeks. Hancock Academy, A. N. vation. tor. Ponds. There are several ponds, the most important of which is Norway Pond, near the center of the town, and Half Moon Pond, named from its peculiar shape. Hardy, principal Long pond lying partly in this town and partly in Nelson is one of the sources of Contoocook River. The stream from this pond flows through Nelson, Harrisville, and into the Contoocook at Peterborough; thence its mingled waters pass back on the eastern line of Hancook, after a passage of Congre- gational, Rev. Askel Bigelow, pas- Hotel. ; (in 1870.) Jefferson House. First Settlement. The first settlement was commenced here by John Grimes, in May, 1764. The town was incorporated under the name of Hancock, November 5, 1779. It was named in honor of Governor John Hancock, of Boston, who was one of the original proprietors. But very few towns have retained their staid, antique customs, and �HANOVER. 183 former opinions of their friends and neighbors, without regard to hill sides in the political views, like the people of business. They had one postmas- Hancock. ter for nearly fifty years and many of their town officers have bad similar length of terms. In lo71-2, Mr. Joel Gates, over eighty years of age, was sent from this town as its representative in the Legislature ; summer, indicate that the farmers find it The annual a lucrative clip of wool about 50,000 pounds. As a general thing the farmers are wealthy, prosperous and happy with ample is ; means ahead down to gently ease them the declivity oflife. Rivers and Streams. Connectiis the only considerable cut River of this State. But few men had influence in that body, in stream in town. Mink, Slate, and Goose Pond Brooks are the other than Mr. Gates. Rev. Reed Page, ordained in 1791, died in 1816. Boundaries. North by Antrim, east by Bennington and Greenfield, south by Peterborough and west by Nelson and Harrisville. Area, area of improved 19,372 acres; principal streams, neither of more disc-vision, First Minister. land, 10,409 acres. miles Thirty-five Distances. from Concord, twenty-two north-west from south-west and Am- herst. Six miles by daily Greenfleld railroad Railroad. stage to station. HANOVER. Grafton County. The of this town sified with is surface delightfully diver- hills and valleys, and the larger portion is suitable for There is a small proportion of waste land, probably less than in any other town in Grafton County. Over one half of the surface of the town is under improvement. Some of the farms are under a high state of cultivation, producing excellent crops of wheat, corn, oats, potatoes and hay. But one town in the county cultivation. produces as Much many bushels of corn. attention has been given to the raising of sheep, and the large flocks to be seen on the pasture have sufficient which water for mill priv- ileges. In the Connecticut, there are several small islands within the limits of the town, the largest of which is Parker's Island con- A handtwenty acres. some bridge over the Connecticut connects Hanover with Norwich Vermont. Mountain. About five miles east from the Connecticut, is Moose Mountain, a considerable elevation extending across the town from north to south. There are many taining other elevations which oiler some very fine views. Village. At the south-west corner of the town about a half mile from Connecticut River and 180 feet above the level of its waters, is located the beautiful village of Hanover, on a level plat of ground. The Common or Park is a square, level area of about six acres, shaded by rows of thrifty elms, and surrounded by streets of considerable width. On the north side is a church, chapel, and sev- on the a street containing other fine residences adorned with spacious gardens, the Dartmouth banking building &c. On the south is Dartmouth Hotel, several business blocks, the gymnasium eral beautiful residences; west is �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 184 and many dwelling houses; and on the east are the College grounds, including the College buildings which with the observatory are five in number. A few rods north of the Park, on College street, is the medical building, a brick structure some seventy feet in by verdant meadows and well fields, dotted with pleasant and substantial farm mansions and still farther in the side cultivated ; distance can be seen gradually rising the " Green Hills" of Vermont, whose towering summits seem to meet the clear blue ethereal sky, and three stories in height. South of the observatory and a the whole presenting a picture of few rods forgotten by the length, buildings the east of the old is college located "Culver Hall" "New-Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts." Culver Hall is pronounced, by competent judges, one of the finest educational structures in New-England. Nearly the whole basement of this building is to be reserved for an extensive collection of agricultural implements and models of machinery. More than one thousand of such implements and models are already in the building for the purpose of illustration and instruction. This is a State institution in connection with Dartmouth College, and organized expressly for the promotion and "aggrandizement" of the agricultural interests and mechanical arts of dustries the New-Hampshire ; in- most important, and, placed before the people in their light, the most honorable callings a man can devote himif true self to. the road leading to Lebanon, as you ascend to the crest of a hill, you obtain a delightful and attrac- view of the village surrounding country. feet nestles reposing have visited this spot. With the pleasant village, the delightful scenery which surrounds it, with tlie friendly acquaintances formed, the ties broken by separating after a collegiate life launch forth on of four years, to broad ocean, life's the associations formed in Han- over are more lasting, and their memory more sacred in the breasts of thousands than those of any other town in the State. Hanover is one of the most desirable locations, for the prosecution of studies, in New England. The pleasant resorts, the beautiful and romantic scenery, away from the bustle and confusion of city life, all contribute to render it in every essential, a desirable seat of litera- ture and science. For a full des- cription of this popular Institution, see another part of this volume. Employments. The inhabitants are generally engaged in agricultu e, but 20.000 clapboards 55,000 ; On tive nature and art combined, not soon thousands who the among and the At your village, quietly the stately elms and maples, while a little farther to the west and south can be traced the meandering course of the Connecticut clothed on either shingles and 200,000 feet of boards are annually sawed, and about 6,000 bushels of grain are ground. The total value articles, of The many of manufactured all kinds, is $53,200. associated attractions connected with the college for the past fifty years, together with the fine scenery afforded from the surrounding hills, make Hanover a popular resort for tourists, who ���HANOVER. are a source of considerable income to the inhabitants. Agricultural prodResources. mechanical labor, ucts, $153,112; money &c, $10,200; at . interest, $32, $43,140; deposits in savings banks, $120,459; stock 500; stocks from in trade, $37,500; tourists, $25,000; from College boarders professional estimated, $ 50,000 ; business, $60,000. Churches and ScJiools. Baptist, Rev. F. Merriam, pastor; Christian, Rev. J. W. Tilton, pastor; .pastor; 1st. Congregational, 2d Congregational, Rev. S. P. Leeds, pastor; Episcopal, Rev. J. Haughton, There rector. are eighteen school districts, and twenty schools in town. Two of the schools are graded. The average length of schools for the year is The total amount money annually appropriated twenty weeks. of is $ 2,654,97. Second Social Library Association, 700 volumes College Library, 20.000 volumes; So- for school purpose, Libraries. ; cial Friends Library, 9,300 vol- umes; United Fraternity, 9,000 volumes Society of Inquiry's Library, 300 volumes Philotechnics ; ; Society Library, 1,200 volumes. Medical School Library, 1,100 volumes Northern Academy Library, 2,300 volumes; Thayer School Library, 1,800 volumes; Agricultu; ral College Library, 1,000 vol- umes; Total number of volumes in all the libraries in this town, 46, 700. 185 was formerly called Dresden, and Was granted by charter to eleven persons by the name of Freeman, and fifty-two others, principally from Connecticut, July 4, 1761. The first settlement was made in May, 1765, by Colonel Edmund Freeman from Mansfield ConnecBenjamin Rice, Benjamin ticut. Davis, Gideon Smith, and Asa Taiker, settled here in 1766. Dartestablished in mouth College was 1770, by Dr. Wheelock. the worthy men who Among finished their earthly career in this town, may be Rev. mentioned the following: Eleazer Wheelock, who died April 24, 1779, aged sixty-nine years. Hon. John Wheelock, LL. D., President of the College thirty-five who died April 4, 1817, aged sixty-three years. Hon, Beraleel Woodward, who died August, 1804. Rev. John Smith, D. D. who died years, April 1809. Hon. John Hubbard, who died in September 1810. Rev. Francis Brown, D. D., who died July 27, 1820, aged thirty-six years. These gentlemen were all connect- ed with the College. First Ministe rs. Re v Ed e n B urroughs, D.D., installed in 1772, dismissed in 1810; Rev. Samuel Collins, installed in 1788, dismissed in . 1795; Rev. Abel Bridgman, set- died in 1800. College Church, Rev. E. Wheelock, D. D. settled in 1771, died in 1779. tled in 1791, Rev. Sylvanus Ripley, settled in 1787; Rev. John' 1779, died in Smith, D. D., settled in 1786, died Dartmouth National Banks. Bank, and Dartmouth Savings Bank. (See tables.) " Dartmouth Hotel." Hotels. There are two livery stables, with in 1809. 18 horses. acres. First Settlers. Hanover Plains Boundaries. North by Lyme, east by Canaan, south by Lebanon, and west by Norwich, Vermont; area, 27,745; improved land 21,798 Distances. By railroad, seven- �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 186 from from Havfive north of Lebanon. Railroad. One half mile from the College to Norwich station, on the Passumpsic and Connecticut miles ty-three Concord erhill and ; north-west thirty south Rivers Railroad. H4RRISVILLE. HarrisCheshire County. was formed from the northern ville part of Dublin, and the southern portion of Nelson, and incorporated, as a town. July 2, The 1870. village of Harrisville received its name many years from Bethuel Harris, an active and enterprising man, who, in 1820, commenced business here without any capital save his energy and perseverance. Mr. Milan Harris has a large interest here in the woolen mills, and received the honor of being the first ago, representative to New-Hampshire town organization. The surface of the town is rough and the Legislature of after the uneven, being situated on the height of land between the Connecticut and Merrimack rivers, bat the soil crops. is good and yields The water power risville is fine Harstaple and as good as can at be found in the State. The mills are situated on a small stream called North Branch or Nubaunsit River, and discharging its waters into the Contoocook at Peterborough, nine miles distant from 'Harrisville, and in its course has a fall of over 600 feet. This stream is fed by large ponds lying in the towns of Hancock, Nelson, and Harrisville, which have been dam- Long Pond which is over four Fourteen feet miles in length. can be drawn from Long Pond into Harris Pond which is at the head of the river, and at HarrisWhen the gates are closed ville. at night scarcely a drop of water escapes. The four mills at Harrisville, as yet, have never been able to test the fall capacity of this valuable reservoir, by several feet Nearly all the manufactories at into Peterborough are situated on this small river. Employments. Harrisville is cidedly a manufacturing town. Woolen Harris Co., have de- M, two mills; capital invested, $160,000; employ 60 males, and 65 females, who annually receive for their laand annually produce 200,000 yards of tricot cloth, of all colors, and Moscow beavCheshire ers valued at $ 330,000. mills have $100,000 invested; employ 40 males, and 40 females annual pay roll $ 30,000, and produce 800,000 yards colored flannel, bor, $48,000; There are allumber mills, and clothes-pins, and wooden ware are manufactured, to some extent. valued at $ 360,000. so Resources. Production of the soil, $ 35,000 ; mechanical labor, $ 84, stock in trade, $ 43, 161 stocks and money at interest, $22, 460; deposits in savings banks, $57,308. 000 ; ; The village of Harrisville, is situated on elevated ground, about 1,300 feet above the ocean, and is probably the most elevated ground in New-England for manufactories and now flow There is as extensive as these. one store, one church edifice, one graded school-house, post office, several thousand acres, including the original ponds. From Spots- seventy-five office, telegraph dwelling houses, and about 450 wood Pond inhabitants. med at their outlets, ten feet can be drawn �187 HAVERHILL. CongreHolbrook, pastor. At West Harrisville, Baptist, Rev. G. S. Smith, pastor. There are six schools in town, two Churches and Schools. Rev. gational, Amos Average of which are graded. length for the year, twenty weeks value of school-houses $5,100. (For first settlers and ministers, see Nelson and Dublin.) North by Nelson and Hancock, east by Hancock and Peterborough, south by Dublin, and west by Marlborough and Roxbury. Boundaries. Distances. Thirteen miles east from Keene, and forty-five southwest from Concord. Railroads. The Manchester and Keene Railroad, when built, will pass through this town. Grafton County. Haverhill one of the most valuable farming towns in the State, and the annual value of its agricultural products is not exceeded by any New-Hampshire town on the Connecticut river. The soil is adapted to every is common is a soap- quarry which has been partially opened, and pronounced, by many, as being the best quarIt is about ry now known. miles three treal Railroad. from the MonThere is a good lime-stone quarry, also granite of good quality. This granite is suitable for mill-stones, and good for building purposes. Large quantistones are also ties of scythe On quarried or manufactured. the west side of Benton, bordering town, is a bed of iron ore. Fine specimens of crystals are also this found. Haverhill is one Villages, &c. of the shire towns of the County. The County buildings are located at " Haverhill Corner," which is the This principal village in town. village is located in the south-west HAVERHILL. species of cultivation, There Minerals. stone to the climate. There is considerable interval land, composed of a deep rich loam, yielding large crops of grass, &C: Connecticut River Streams. waters its western border, while Poole Brook runs nearly through the town from north-east to southwest, and falls into the Connecticut, near the "Great Ox Bow," in Newbury, Vermont. Oliverian Brook, having its rise in Benton, runs through the southern section of the town. There is considerable water power on these two streams, which is generally improved. angle of the town, on a plain about one hundred and fifty feet above the level of the Connecticut. From the tops of the buildings, a fine view of the adjacent country, for many miles, north and south, and six or seven miles east and west obtained. common There is may be a beautiful in this village, laid out in an oblong square, ornamented with trees, and enclosed by a handsome fence. Around this common stand the principal buildings, several of which are large and well constructed. There are two churches and a court-house, jail, county buildan acad- ings for county offices, emy, hotel, printing office, several and shops of various kinds. considered one of the most delightful and pleasant villages on stores, This is In the northern town, is another village situated on a street nearly a mile in length, straight and level, the Connecticut. section of the �NEW- HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 188 and called North Haverhill. In the north-west corner of the town, at the junction of the Boston, Con- cord and Montreal, Passurnpsic, and White Mountain Railroads, is the young, but growing village of Woodsville, which bids fair to rival the older villages in point of business. It is connected with the thriving village of Wells River, in Newbury, Vermont, by a substantial bridge across the Con- of the most romanviews on the Connecticut, i.s One necticut. tic obtained at this point, and it is worthy of a visit from any lover of beautiful, and romantic scenery. Summer Resorts. The elevated position, and the delightful views on the Connecticut, have caused many summer tourists to spend their vacation in this town, and the time is not far distant when it shovel handles are annually made, valued at $ 18,640; besides various other manufactories. (See tables.) There is considerable mercantile trade in this town. Resources. Annual productions of the soil, $272,581; mechanical labor, $41,000; $ 73,922 $ 57,308 ; money at interest, deposits in savings banks, stock in trade, $ 38, 1 18 business, $25,000; ; professional from summer tourists, $ 8,000. The future prospects of Haverhill are very encouraging and offer better inducements to the farmer and mechanic than can be found in any western state this side of Let them the Rocky Mountains. be contented, and prosperity will surely attend them in this fertile and delightful town. Churches and Schools. There is one Congregational, Rev. E. H. oats and barley, 70,000 bushels of Greeley, pastor; three Methodist, Josiah Hooper, pastor at Corner; and one Freewill Baptist, There are nineteen schools in town; average length of schools for the year, twenty-one weeks. The average amount of money annually expended for each school potatoes, 36,000 lbs. of wool, 11,000 is maple sugar, and 7,000 tons of hay are annually produced. Nearly 1,000, tons more hay is an- institutions in the State. will become one of the most pop- ular resorts for tourists in the State. Employments. The people are largely engaged in agriculture. Over 4,000 bushels of wheat, 16,000 bushels of corn, 34,000 bushels of lbs. ; $ 145. Academy. The Haverhill Academy is one of the oldest literary February It was nually cut in Haverhill, than in incorporated any other town in the State. There is considerable manufac- Rev. Josiah Hooper turing of various kinds carried on. There are nine saw mills, annually Library. N. B. Felton, Esq., has a library of nearly six hundred volumes. "Smith's Hotel" at Hotels. producing nearly 5,000,000 feet of lumber, five starch mills, annually producing 160 tons of starch, three scythe stone manufactories, annually producing 36,000 gross of scythe stones, one paper mill, one pulp mill, three grist mills, &c. Also 36,000 boxes and 10,000 dozens of is 11, 1794. the present Principal. Haverhill, and " House" Mount Gardner at Woodsville. This town was First Settlers. granted to Captain John Hazen and seventy-four others, May, 18, 1763. Captain Hazen came here in �189 HEBRON. the spring of 1762, and built his encampment on the " Little Ox Bow," near where there was merly an Indian fort for- and burying ground. Several of the early setHaverhill, Massachusetts, from which place this town derived its name. Its orig- tlers came from name was "Lower Cohos." The first court was held here in 1773. The first newspaper was inal printed was here April called the and 1808, 21, "Coos Courier." Since that time it has been pub- lished under different names. At no paper Years ago, the the present time, there is published in town. courts in Haverhill called together as much legal talent as could be found in any section of the State, Haverhill furnishing her full share. At the present time, the Grafton Bar is fully up to the standard with her sister counties in point of position and Hon. talent. James Woodward and Hon. Ezekiel ed in 1799; Rev. John Smith, ordained December 21, 1802, dismissed in 1807. North Botmdaries and Area. by Bath, east by Benton, south by Piermont and west by Newbury, Vermont. Area 34,340 acres improved land, 24,300 acres. Thirty-one miles Distances. north-west from Plymouth, and eighty-one north-west from Con; cord. Hon. Moses Dow, a distinHon. Charles guished citizen Johnston, an officer in the revoluHon. tion and Judge of Probate John Page former Governor of New-Hampshire Hon. Joseph Bell a distinguished lawyer, and many other prominent men, were ; ; ; ; Passumpsic in Northumberland, and extends from Portland to Railroad, Montreal. HEBROX. Ladd, Judges of the old county courts The Railroads. Railroad passes along the western border of the town, in Vermont, and the Boston, Concord and Montreal passes through in a direction nearly north-west, and southeast. At Woodsville in the northwest corner of the town, the two roads form a junction with the White Mountain Railroad which connects with the Grand Trunk Grafton County. The surHebron is broken and uneven, and although generally the face of soil is hard, cultivated, it yet, when carefully yields excellent crops of corn, wheat, potatoes &c. Newfound Rivers and Lakes. residents of this town. Lake lies mostly in this town. There are several small streams It is a remarkable fact that the sound of cannon at Bunker Hill, was distinctly heard in Haverhill, power. Employments. affording considerable water Agriculture is the scene of action being more than one hundred miles distant. the chief occupation of the people. This statement is established by the testimony of many respectable witnesses who were alive on that shingles are annually sawed. memorable day. First Ministers. Resources. The Rev. Agricultural prod- mechanical labor, interest, 8 1,900 stock in trade, $ 1,800; deposits in savings banks, § 17,090 from summer tourists, $ 3,000. ucts, $57,049; S 6,140 Ethan Smith, Congregational, ordained, January 25, 1792, dismiss- and 100,000 500,000 feet of lumber, ; money at ; �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 190 Churches and Schools. A Union church, supported by persons of the Congregational, Baptist and Methodist persuasion, Lorenzo Draper, pastor. There are five schools; average length for the year, There thirteen weeks. is frequently a High school, which open during the spring and is fall. A large First Organization. portion of Hebron was included in the Cockerrnouth Grant, the remainder was taken from Plymouth. Hotels. Central House. Boundaries. North by Rumney and Plymouth, east by Plymouth, south by Alexandria and Orange, and west by Groton. Area, 13,305 acres. Distances. Forty miles north from Concord, and nine west from Plymouth. Railroads. Eight miles by daily stage to Bristol station, on the Bristol Branch Railroad. Merrimack County. ker Henni- pleasantly situated in the valley of the Contoocook. The surface of the town is broken, but is deep, and produces excellent crops of Avheat, corn, hay, the soil is &c. As an agricultural town Henniker is not inferior to any town in Merrimack county, or cultivation. either in soil Many of the farms are under a high state of and abundant crops. The farmers have reaped a rich reward for their labor, and have carefully laid by a portion of cultivation, yield and With prosperity its than Henniker. railroad facilities, central aud with one of the best water privileges on the river, it can be made one of the largest manufacturing towns in the State, and that too on its own surplus resources. At the present time the people appear to be alive to manu- location, Capital invested for manufacturing purposes, over a certain amount, and for a certain length of time, is exemptfacturing interests. ed from taxation. With this inducement, the Henniker Manufacturing Company has been formed and is now erecting a large building wide ami three stories high, for the manufacture of boots and shoes. The future prospects of Henniker, with the present facts before us, appear very flattering. Rivers and Ponds. Contoocook River passes through this town in an easterly direction, and affords in its course abundant water powThere are several ponds of er. considerable size. Situated about one mile from the village is Long Pond, nearly two miles long, and sixty feet long, thirty feet sixty rods wide. The town is al- watered by several small streams in different sections, Crany Hill is the Elevations. so and is of conand embraces a large portion of the territory on principal elevation, siderable altitude, the south of the town. ly It is most- under good cultivation. Near the centre of the Village. town on the Contoocook is the cords of the various savings banks in the State are not deceptive. pleasant village of Henniker. It is the centre of considerable trade and manufacturing of various kinds. There are four stores, two But few church their surplus earnings, if the re- if the State, any farming towns in show more wealth, thrift edifices, academy, town house, one large hotel, and about �HENNIKER. one hundred dwelling The streets are wide and church value, 8 1,000. There are twelve public schools, in town, average length for the year, twenty- houses. in 191 many places beautifully shaded with the maple and elm. The dwellings are and enclosed in spacious yards, while the fences and houses three weeks ; amount of money annually appropriated for school neat purposes, 8 1,508,70. There is an academy in the village where one are painted in pearly white, the whole presenting an air of neatness so much admired by every lover of a New-England village or two terms are annually kept. Library. Henniker Library, 800 volumes. home. Twelve gen- First Settlement. Employments. The inhabitants are generally engaged in agriculture, but manufacturing and trade important are and extensive branches of business in town. There are two large paper-mills, annually manufacturing 800 tons of manilla, news and book paper; two saw-mills, two grist-mills, one kit manufactory, annually making measure and box-mill, making 8 5.400 worth annually, one cabinet maker, machine shop, several blacksmith and 50,000 fish kits, one dry T tlemen of Portsmouth, the most prominent of whom were John and Mark Wentworth, and Theodore Atkinson, bought all the right and title of lands of the heirs of Mason, and caused it to be surveyed and laid out into townships. This town was called " Number Six" in the range of townships, and was known by that name before it was granted to the parties. The Rev. James Scales built the first building in 1760. John Peters built the next house in 1761. The first two-story house was built in shoe shops, &c., professional business, 8 18,000. The total value of goods annually manufactured, is 1767 by Amos Campbell the second two-story house was built in 1768, $ 308,300. and was destroyed by Productions of the Resources. soil, 8 8 149,877 38,400 at ; ; mechanical labor, bonds and money stocks, interest, 8 35, 140 deposits in ; savings banks, § 177,376; stock in 8 10,500; from summer tourThe central and delightful location of Henniker, with its varied landscape scenery, has made it a popular resort for tourtrade, ists ists the $ 3,000. who are yearly increasing, as summer months come around. Churches and Schools. Congre- gational, Rev. S. S. Morrill, pastor; number of members 150; church value, 8 5,000 Methodist, Rev. W. W. Smith, pastor; number of members, 100 church val; ; ue, $3,000; Friends, 25 members; ; Captain E. Ham early settlers. ent fire in 1873. was among the It received its pres- name from Gov. Wentworth, honor of his friend, John Henmerchant of London, and a member of the in niker, Esq., a wealthy British Parliament. November Incorporated 10, 1768. Boundaries. North by Bradford and "Warner, east by Hopkinton, south by Weare and Deering, and west by Hillsborough. Area, 26, 500 acres; improved land, 18,612 acres. Distances. Seventy miles northwest from Boston, fifteen west from Concord, and thirty-four north-east from Keene. Contoopasses cook Valley Railroad �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 192 through this town in an easterly There and westerly direction. are two stations " Henniker " and " West Henniker." At the hitter station a pretty village, contain- is ing a large paper-mill, store, postoffice, school house, and fifteen or twenty neat dwelling houses. Merrimack County. The sur- uneven, but the soil is good and in some localities very fertile. There are many fine farms under a high state of cultivation, producing excellent crops. Elvers and Ponds. This town is watered by Pemigewasset and is Smith's Rivers, besides there are Eagle several small streams. Pond is the most noted sheet of water. Ragged Mountain Mountain. is of considerable elevation and but little From its inferior to Kearsarge. summit a good view of the surrounding country may be obtained. The Employments. Woodward's patent Latch Needles manufactured to the value of $ 8,000 annually. (See tables.) Resources. Agricultural prod- ucts, $53,539; mechanical labor, bonds and money $ at 6,500 ; stocks, interest, S 7,670; deposits in stock in savings banks, $ 54,720 trade, §9,276; from summer tourists, $800. Churches and Schools. There are two Christian Churches Revs. Calvin Osgood and H. A. Stratton are their pastors. There are ten ; — this average length weeks. September First Settlers. 1753, town was granted 14, to proprietors, eighty-seven (the greater part of whom resided in Chester), and was called " New Chester," which name it retained January 1837, when it re- ceived its present name, in honor of Hon. Isaac Hill, who was Governor of the State at that time. The first settlers were Captain Cutting Favor, and Carr Huse, Incorporated NoEsq., in 1768. vember 20, 1778. Church. First Congregational church, December 11, 1816. Boundaries. North by Danbury, Alexandria and Bristol, east by New-Hampton and Sanbornton, south by Franklin and Andover, and west by Wilmot and Danbury. Area, 20,000 acres. Twenty-four miles Dista?ice. north from Concord. Railroad. Bristol Branch of the Northern Railroad. inhabitants are generally engaged in farming. There is some trade and manufacturing. About 3,000 pairs of sale boots and shoes are annually made. for hosiery, are for the year, fifteen until HILL. face of Hill schools in town: HILLSBOROUGH. Hillsborough County. Hills- considered as one of the best and most enterprising farming towns in the county. The surface is uneven, but the soil is and very productive. strong There are some fine farms under a high state of cultivation, producing good crops of corn, grass, &c. Contoocook Rivers and Ponds. River passes through the southeast corner of the town, and affords borough is power. excellent water Hillsboi-ough River has its source from ponds in Washington, passes some through the town, and forms a junction with the Contoocook on the south line of the town. The �193 HILLSBOROUGH. body of water is Lyon's Pond, about one mile in length, and two thirds of a mile in width. Minerals. Plumbago of a good largest quality is found. It occurs in nar- which have been wrought to some extent. Villages. There are four pleasant villages, the most important of which is called Hillsborough At this village is the Bridge. terminus of the Contoocook Valley Railroad, which has caused a large row veins, increase of business in almost every branch of industry common to a thriving New-England village. Here are two churches, two school-houses, a bank, ten or fifteen stores of various kinds, one hotel, two hose, drawers and shirt a bedstead and shovel handle manufactory, besides many other mechanical shops For a too numerous to mention. busy, lively village, " Hillsborough Bridge" is not excelled by any village of its size in New-Hampshire. manufactories, No man in this village is consider- ed a peer with his neighbor unless he labors. At the Centre Village there are two churches, several stores, ofand several manufactories. fices, Employments. Agriculture is the principal employment of the inhabitants, but there is consider- manufacturing carried on. 60,(K)0 worth of leather is annually tanned $ 60,000 worth of Gent's, hose, shirts and drawers are made; over 5,000 bedsteads, able Over $ ; 25 tons of castings, 5,000 barrels of and 50,000 bushels of meal annually produced; besides lumber, shovel handles, and various other manufactures. The whole manufactured products annually amount to over § 350,000. flour, are Productions of the mechanical labor $38,100; stocks and bonds, $13 760; money at interest, $28,235 deposits in savings banks, $91,659 Resources. $ 133,496 soil, ; stock in trade, $64,200 mer ; from sum- tourists, $6,000; professional business, $ 30,000. Churches and Schools. At Hillsborough Bridge Congregational, Rev. John Bragdon, pastor Meth: ; Elder L. W. Preseott, pasAt Hillsborough Centre: tor. Methodist, Elder S. S. Dudley, pastor Congregational, Rev. John odist, ; Adams, pastor. een school There are eightand seventeen districts schools in town; average length of schools for the year, eighteen weeks. " Valley House" at the Hotels. Bridge, and "St. Charles" at the Lower Village. First National Bank. Banks, A Savings Bank has been chartered. Newspaper. Hillsborough Bridge Messenger, Sargent & Whittemore, Editors and Proprietors. Hillsborough Settlers. First was known, originally, as " Number Seven." The first settlement was made in 1741, by James McCalley, Samuel Gibson, Robert McClure, James Lyon, and others. The wife of James McCalley was the only woman in town during the first year By reason of the settlement. of the Indian war, the settlement was abandoned in 1744, and was not resumed until near 1755. In the mean time Col. John Hill of Boston, received a grant of the town from the Masonian pro- and from Col. Hill it derived its present name. The first children born, were John McCalprietors, ley and Mary Gibson, who inter- �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 194 married and received as a gift a tract of land from the principal proprietors. The citizens of Hills- borough struggled hard to secure the independence of our country. General Benjamin Pierce, a veteran of the Revolution, and afterwards Governor of New-Hampshire, was a resident of this town. He was father of the late General Franklin Pierce, who was Presi- dent of the United States, from March 4, 1853, to March 4, 1857. The town was incorporated Nov. First Church The and Minister. Congregational church was formed Oct. 12, 1769. The same Joseph Barnes was or- year, Rev. dained; Baptist May amounting much tobacco, pounds. Rivers. The Connecticut extends along its western border for nine and one-half miles. The Ashuelot passes through the southern portion and joins the Connecticut a short distance below the great bend, called Cooper's Point. to 96,850 The water privileges on this river through the town are numerous and valuable. It is also watered with many smaller streams and springs. There are several islands in the Connecticut belonging to 14, 1772. first raised one third as dismissed Society in was 1803. A organized The intervals are ex- Mountains and north part is Hills. In the West River Moun- which extends from the Connecticut across the entire width of tain, The highest peak Mine mountain, and the town. 21, 1813. Boundaries. North by Bradford, east by Henniker, south by Deering and Antrim, and west by Windsor and Washington. Area, improved land, 15, 27,320 acres; 945, acres. Distances. the town. tensive and fertile. Thirty miles south- is called is about nine hundred feet above low water mark. Iron Ore, beds of silicate of manganese, and other minerals are found in several localities about the mountains. South of the Ashuelot is Stebbins' west from Concord, and twentythree north-west from Amherst. Railroads. Terminus Contoocook Valley Railroad. It is intended to have this road extended Hill, a tract of excellent land, Peterborough, where it will connect with the Monadnock Raiload. ticut, to lies in the extreme corner of the State. is varied, containing hills, valleys, vals. The This town south-west The surface mountains, and plains or inter- of the best quality, and produces excellent crops of corn, oats, and tobacco. In 1870, no other town in the State soil is of a superior quality. On a point of a hill, not far from the Connecare the remains of an Indian fortification constructed before the came here. The village is located Ashuelot. The valley here first settlers Village. HINSDALE. Cheshire County. and under a high state of cultivation. The intervals here are broad and on the is narrow, the land rising abruptly on both sides of the river, affording but little chance for the village to expand. The water runs rapidly, and affords good mill sites. The main street runs parallel with the river, and some portions of it is handsomely shaded with the maple. Considerable manufacturing �195 HINSDALE. — done here there are two woolen mills, two paper mills, mowing is machine manufactory, tool their labor $ 125,600, and manufac- ture goods to the value of $ 690, 400, being the third town in the fac- and machine shop, foundery, water wheels, besides printing and several other mechanical shops. There are three churches, two school houses, eight or ten stores, one hotel, and about one hundred dwelling houses. county in the amount annually paid for mechanical labor, and the fourth in the value of its manufactured productions. Agricultural proResources. The Ashuelot Railroad money tory, bolt gives ductions, it good railroad facilities. The inhabitants Employments. are about equally divided between manufacturing, trade, and professional business, on one side, and agriculture on the other. The In manufactures are important. 1870, Haile & Co. employed 38 males and 42 females; annual pay roll, $34,000. and annually producing 450,000 yards of cashmerett, valued at $230,000. Boydon & Amadon employed 23 males and 20 females annual pay roll, $15,800; annually producing its stocks, $16,300; at interest, $31,160; depos- in savings banks, fessional services, trade, in mechanical $118,408; labor, $125,600, $ $ 26,958 15,000 ; ; pro- stock professional $58,820; $ 20,000. CongreChurches and Schools. gational, Rev. C. C. Watson, pastor; Methodist, Rev. D. S. Dexbusiness, ter, pastor; Baptist, ; Universalist Society, There are eleven schools in town, three of which are graded. Average length of schools for the year, . twenty-one weeks. Total amount of money appropriated for school ; John N. Beers, purposes, $ 2,353.80. Library. Hinsdale Library Association, 800 volumes. tannery, annually producing leathWiler to the value of $ 72,000. Spangled Star Newspapers. Banner, monthly, and Hinsdale 230,000 yards of cashmerett, val- ued at .$ 110,000. & der Hopkins, chisels and spoke shaves, $ 18,500. Newhall & Mirror, quarterly. Hotel. bins mowing machines, valued at Paper mills, $60,000; $52,000. box manufactory, $ 10,000 foun; dery, machine shop, $ 75, lumber 1,500,000 feet of $ 000; 14,000 ; grain ground, $34,000; $8,200; also bolts, shooks, boots and shoes, water wheels, besides sawed, hardships, blacksmiths, carpenters, masons, painters, wheelwrights, harness makers, and various other trades and professions. tal The manu- employing 206 males, and 65 females and factures, children, is $371,900, who annually receive for common to early settlements in shire. total capi- invested in the various (See tables.) Ashuelot House. This town First Settlement. was originally a part of Northa field, Massachusetts, and for number of years called Fort DuniThe first settlers encounmer. tered all the horrors of the Indian warfare, and struggled with other Steb- * many of the New-Hamp- They were protected by Fo^t Dummer, Hinsdale's Fort, Shattuck's Fort, and Bridgeman's Fort but, with all these precautions they were not effectually secured from savage incursions and many cruel murders. June 17, ; �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 196 1746, three men were killed, two wounded, and two were taken prisoners, near Bridgeman's Fort. Daniel How, one of the captives, killed one of the Indians in the struggle. Several persons were killed and taken prisoners, and land along Pemigewassett river. Rivers and Ponds. This town is well watered by the Pemigewassett Fort town, and partly in Ashland. It is two miles long, and half a mile wide. The route from Plymouth, through this town, to Centre Harbor and Wolfe borough, is charming, affording views, wild and romantic. Many summer tourists Bridgernan June 1747. 16, destroyed, 1748, in Nathan French, Joseph Richardson, .and John Frost were killed, and sev- eral others captured, while cross- ing from Colonel Hinsdale's to Fort Dumnier. In 1755, two persons were killed and Jonathan Colby captured, while working in the woods. In July of the same year, Caleb How, Hilkiah Grout, and Benjamin Gaffield were ambushed and killed, while returning from labor. The town was incorporated under the name of Hinsdale, September 3, 1763, in honor of Colonel Ebenezer Hinsdale, long a highly esteemed resi- which river, affords water privileges. some good Squam Lake lies in the south-easterly part, Squam Pond lies and partly in this town through the season of the year. stay in this warm Farming is the employment of the in- Employments. principal habitants. &c, and 1,200,000 feet of boards 1,100,000 shingles are an- nually produced; 3,000 pairs of boots and shoes, and $ 3,000 worth of files are manufactured, and 2,000 dent here. Boundaries. North by Chesterfield, east by Winchester, south by Northfield, Mass., and west by Vernon, Vermont. Area, 14,000 acres area of improved land, 7,381 deerskins annually tanned, valued 13,900 pounds of maple sugar are manufactured. Resources. Productions of the soil, $118,444; mechanical labor, $ 6,000 stocks, and money at interest, $9,470; deposits in savings banks, $ 5,950 stock in trade, $ 1, acres. 950; ; Distances. seventy-five miles south-west from Concord, and fifteen south-west from Keene. Railroads. The Ashuelot Railroad passes through the southern part of the town, and joins the Connecticut River Railroad, at Vernon, with the Cheshire Railroad, r L Keene. of Holderness is fertile, surface but the soil' and produces good crops is hilly, of corn, barley, potatoes and hay. There is some very fine interval ; ; ; from summer tourists, $6,000, Churches and Schools. There are three churches in town, of the Freewill Baptist denomination, Elders Batchelder, Balch, Stevens and Wyatt, Pastors. There are thirteen school districts, and eleven schools. Average length for the year, sixteen weeks. First Holderness granted to John Shepard and others, October 10, 1751, but the grantees failed to obey the was HOLDERNESS. Grafton County. The at $ 2,400 Settlements. first conditions of the charter, and it forfeited. It was rdgranted, was October worth 24, and 1761, to John Went- sixty-seven others. �197 HOLLIS. William Piper first settled here in The southwestern portion of Holderness was disannexed, and 1763. the town of Ashland formed, July 1, 1868. Rev. Robert Fowle. An Episcopal church was established here in 1770. Boundaries. North by Campton, east by Squam Lake, south by Center Harbor and New Hampton and west by Ashland and Plymouth. Area improved land, 10,454 acres. First Minister. Distances Forty-five miles north from Concord, and six east from Plymouth. Railroads. The nearest railroad communication is at Ashland, four miles, on the Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad, It is expected that the New-Hampshire Central Railroad will pass through this town, when completed. westerly part. There are four ponds, Flint's, Penichuck, Long and Rocky Ponds. These ponds afford an excellent field for fishing. Employments. The inhabitants are largely engaged in agriculture. Especially in the cultivation of fruit, this town ranks the first in the county. Quite an extensive business is carried on in the pro- duction of milk for the market. Over 350,000 quarts are annually sold. There'are saw mills annu- manufacturing over 1,400,000 lumber. The manufacture of kegs and barrels is an important branch of business. (See tables,) Resources. Productions of the soil, $ 133,321 mechanical labor, ally feet of ; $21,500; stocks, $21,840; money at interest, $ 19,852 deposits in savings banks, $ 168,710; stock in trade, $25,951; summer tourists, ; $ HOLLIS. 1,000. Churches and Schools. Congre- Hillsborough County. 'The surface of this town is varied, pastor. consisting of upland and interval. districts in The of schools for the year, nineteen interval produces excellent crops of corn, oats, hay, etc. The upland is good for grazing, and much given to raising cows, for the production of milk, for the market. The farmers find a ready sale for all their surplus products, in the city of Nashua, at remunerative prices. The orchard production is more valuable than that of any other town in the county. Hollis is one of the wealthiest attention is and everything pertaining to the farms and farm-houses, betokens an air of thrift and wealth. Rivers and Ponds. The Nashua River passes through the south- towns in the county, easterly portion of the town. The Nisitisset flows through the south- gational church, Rev. James Laird, There are fourteen school town. Average length weeks. Library. Hollis Social Library, sixteen hundred volumes. Settlement. This town was formerly a part of Dunstable and Monson, Mass. Its original name was Nisitisset, and it was afterward called the West Parish of Dunstable. It received its present name from the Duke of Newcastle, whose name was Hollis. The first settlement was made by Peter Powers, in 1731. A son of his, Peter Powers jr., was the first child born in town. Hollis was incorporated in 1746. First Minister. Rev. Daniel Emerson, ordained in 1743, died in 1801. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 198 North Boundaries and Area. by Mil ford and Amherst, east by Nashua, south by Massachusetts line, and west by Brookline. Area of improved land, 10,805 acres. Thirty-eight miles Distances. south from Concord, eight miles south from Amherst, and five west from Nashua. Railroad. Nashua and Worcester Railroad passes through the south-easterly part of the town. • HOOKSETT. MerriMerrimack County. mack River passes through nearly the centre of this town. The surface is uneven but the soil is gen- erally good, producing fine crops. Near the center of the town in the Merrimack is " Hooksett Falls." The descent of the water is about sixteen feet, in a distance of thirty large ledge just above the rods. A falls divides the stream and an- swers as a pier for the Concord Railroad bridge which spans the The water river at this place. power here is valuable. There is one cotton factory which gives employment to seventy-five males and one hundred and seventy-five females. The rest of this priv- remains unimproved. From an eminence Elevation. called the Pinnacle on the west side ilege of the river, a delightful view of the surrounding country can be At your feet, is the obtained. village of Hooksett; pleasant the river, on elevated aci'oss ground, stands the palatial residence of Gen. Natt Head, acknowledged as being one of tho most expensive and beautiful country residences in the State. At the north-east, a distance of one mile, can be seen the enterprising village of Suncook, while the Merrimack, above and below the falls, with its verdant banks, the cultivated fields, and the distant hills in the back-ground, form a grand and picturesque scene. This Pinnacle on its south-eastern side has an abrupt altitude of two hundred At its foot, on the west side, a beautiful pond of water, of a bright greenish tinge, remarkably clear, of great depth, and having no visible outlet. It is supposed this pond was the bed of the pinnacle from -which the latter, by some violent convulsion of nature, Hooksett holds was upturned. out many inducements for tourists feet. is spend their summer vacation, around the falls or among the Four trains surrounding hills. daily to and from Boston, leave and arrive at the Hooksett depot. But few towns in the State have to better railroad facilities. Employments. The employment is about equally divided between agriculture and manufacturing. The farmer finds a ready market for his surplus of the inhabitants products either at Manchester, Concord, Suncook or at Hooksett village. The future prospects of the farmers are flattering. The manufacturing of brick is extensively carried on. Over ten millions of bricks are annually produced, employing over one hundred men in their manufacture. Gen. Natt Head has the most extensive yards, annually producing over three millions of bricks. At a large granite quarry, twenty-five men are employed, who annually receive for their labor over $ 10, 000. One cotton manufactory annually produces over three million yards of cotton cloth. One har- �199 HOPKINTON. ness shop produces $ 12,000 worth of harnesses. (For manufactories, see tables.) Agricultural prod- Resources. ucts, $ $ mechanical labor, 118,708; 107,000 $ terest, ; and Beech money Rivers. stocks and 4,897 at in- deposits in savings ; banks, $112,217; stock in trade, $ 32,995. Churches and ScJiools. Congre- Methodist, Elder There are J. E. Robins, pastor. seven school districts, and eight schools in town; average length gational, ; for the year, twelve weeks. mated value of school Esti- houses, Ayer House and Stearns Hotel. First Organization. Hooksett was taken from Chester, Goffs- town, and Dunbarton, and incorporated July 3, 1822. Boundaries. North by Bow and Allenstown, east by Candia and Auburn, south by Goffstown and Manchester, and west by Goffstown, Dunbarton and Bow. miles Sixty-two Distances. north-west from Boston, nine south from Concord and eight miles north from Manchester. Railroads. The Concord Rail- through this town. The Suncook Valley Railroad forms a junction with the Concord at Hooksett depot. road passes HOPKINTON. Merrimack County. This one of the most important farming towns in the county in point of its agricultural productions, and wealth of the inhabitants and ranking as the eleventh in the State as an agricultural town. The intervals and meadow lands on the rivers are very fertile, town is ; Hills. The Contoocook River passes through the town in an easterly and north-easterly direction. In its passage it receives the coming from Bradand Warner, and the Blackwater coming from Andover, Salisbury and Webster. The Contoocook furnishes some fine water power in this town. Elevations. There are no moun- Warner river, ford, Sutton but three or four hills of considerable height, and all capable of cultivation to their summits. The most important of these eletains, $9,100. Hotels. while the uplands and hills afford excellent pasturing and tillage land. Some of the best farms in this town are on Putney, Uiamon, is Putney Hill, about one mile west of Hopkinton village, and about five hundred feet above vations, it. On this hill commenced some of the first settlements the traces of many of the original houses can be distinctly seen by the half-filled ; On the extreme summit one of the first cemeteries, containing about one acre, and well fenced. It is said that this yard is nearly full of graves, and has been for over sixty years. The roughness of the ground, caused, by indentations, and the many cellars. is stones apparently set edgewise, all go to prove the veracity of the There are but very statement. few stones legible to mark the spot of those who once lived here and cultivated the broad fields, and viewed the delightful scenery upon the crest of their home hills. Among some names that can be traced, we noticed Lieut. Aaron 30, 1760, aged Jeremiah Kimball, died Kimball, died July 51 years ; in 1764, aged 57 years ; Dr. John �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 200 Clement, years 10 ; died in 1804, aged 61 his son died in 1779, aged years, a son Phinehas died in 1872, aged also who Clement, The Rev. James Scales, minister of Hopkinton, lies in this yard, but no legible stone marks the spot. Dr. Clement was a popular physician in this town and the surrounding country for many years. The cel94 years. the lar first upon which his house stood, can be distinctly seen but a short distance from where his ashes now rest. Northeast from the graveyard, about thirty rods, arc the remains of the old Putney Fort. Here the people of the neighborhood congregrated nights, when the Indians were lurking round for captives; but with these precautions, the inhabitants suffered much from their depredations. April 22, 1746, all six Indians broke into the garrison, and captured eight persons while in their beds, and hurried them off. April 13, 1753 they took Abraham Kimball, the first male child born in town, and Samuel Putney, (whose grandson is now living on this hill) and carried them away. The third day after their capture, the Indians were surprised while encamped on a hill west of Boscawen Plains, and in order to escape, they left Putney behind. Kimball was rescued through the help of a dog, which seized an Indian, while in the act of drawing his tomahawk to kill him. The views obtained from Putney Hill, are some of the finest and most extensive to be found in the State. At the north can be distinctly seen Mooshillock, in Benton, while a little further to the White Face, and ChoPeak in Sandwich, Waterville and Albany. At the northeast, the Gilmanton Mountains in Gilford, at the east, the Catamount in Pittsfield, and Fort Mountain in east are the corua's Epsom ; further to the south, are high hills in Francestown and Deering; at the southwest, the towering summit of the Monthe adnock in Jaffrey, is in full at the west, the Sunapee view lifts its lofty crest at the northwest, right before you, stands the old Kearsarge, as the central monarch of ; chain of mountains which of nearly two hundred and fifty miles while at your feet can be seen the villages, the farm-houses, the meadows and the broad ntervals through which meanders the Contoocook, whose limpid waters sparkle in this vast make a circumference ; i the summer sunbeams. mountains and On this seven of the ten counties in the State can be seen. Villages. About eight miles west from Concord, is situated, on elevated ground, the old but pleasant village of Hopkinton. Sevenhill, ty years ago, hills in this village was the most important with the ex- ception of Concord, in central New-Hampshire. The State Legislature convened here in 1798, 1801, in 1806. and 1807. The decision stood on a pivot for several years, as to having the capital of the State here, or at Concord, but it was finally decided in favor of Concord, and permanently established there in 1808. The courts Hillsborough county were alternately holden here and at Amherst, for nearly forty years, or until it was set off to help form Merrimack county in 1823. The main for �201 HOPKINTON. street is "wide and beautifully shaded with the elm and maple. The elms in this village, with the ex- ception of Exeter, are the largest in the State. Many of the houses have an antique appearance, but all are kept in good repair, and be- token an air of wealth. There are eight or ten wells in the village, from 45 to 65 feet in depth, nearly all of which were dug over a hun- sides lumber mills, wool carding, carriages, fish kits,* harnesses, tin ware, black-smith's, &c. There are three church edifices, two school-houses, an Academy, six or eight stores of all kinds, one hotel, telegraph, express and post ofinsurance agent, three phyfices, hundred sicians, and over one It is a very dwelling houses. pleasant and desirable village to reside in, having as citizens, dred years ago. In the fall of men some the Perkins House was destroyed by fire. This hotel was a great resort for summer tourists. In the spring of 1873, the Town House and Academy building was burnt. It was built sometime in the last century. In this house the Legislature of the State met, also the county courts. of For many years an Academy was it, and became very popular the farmers good markets for their surplus products at Contoocook, Concord and Fisherville. 14,600 bushels of corn, 8000 bushels of oats and bar- 1872, the kept in for the reason of there being a very quiet and moral The community around old cemetery is near the centre of the village, and is a lovely spot. Many interments in these it. grounds date back over one hundred years. A new cemetery of fifteen acres has been located a little east of the village, towards Concord. In the village are three churches, school-house, library, one store, and seventy or eighty dwellings. About three miles west of Hopkinton village, on the Contoocook river, is situated the enterprising village of Contoocook. grown up within years, and is It has the last thirty the seat of considera- and manufacturing. annually manufactures 120,000 yards of flannel, valued at $ 36,000. One grist-mill annually grinds 8,600 bushels of grain of all kinds valued at § 8,600. Doors, sash and blinds, $20,000, be- ble trade One flannel mill the wealthiest in The Contoocook Valley State. forms a junction with Railroad the Concord and Claremont, at this point, thus affording excellent rail- road facilities for all sections of the country. The Employments. larger por- tion of the people are devoted to agricultural pursuits ; find ley, 19,000 bushels potatoes, 1,200 bushels onions, 54,000 pounds butter, 19,000 pounds cheese, and 4,600 tons of hay are annually produced 125,000 clapboards, 450,000 shingles and laths, 1,120,000 feet of boards, of all kinds, are annually sawed, valued at $ 23,600; leather tanned to the value of $ 17,300 doors, sash and blinds, $20,000, besides flannel, ; ; wool carding, kits, &c. The total value of manufactured goods, is $ 119,800. Resources. Annual productions of the soil, $186,582; mechanical labor, $25,600; stocks and money deposits in savings banks, $ 192,628 stock in at interest, $69,333; ; trade, $ 15,720. * Saturday night, November 15, 1873, the buildings containing the above manufactories were destroyed by fire. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 202 Churches and Schools. At Hop- kinton, Congregational, Rev. J. K. Five," afterwards " New-Hopkinton." The settlements were com- Young, pastor; members, 120; church value, $8,000; Baptist, Rev. A. Snyder, pastor members, 75; value, $7,500; St. Andrews, Episcopal, supplied by St. Paul's School; communicants 40; value, $ 3,000. Contoocook Methodist, Rev. D. Howard, pastor; mem- menced value, $3,000; Freewill Baptist, Rev, J. D. Osgood, pastor; January ; ; bers, 22; members, 80 ; value, $ 3,000 ; Swe- denborgian, Rev. Charles Hardon, members, 32; value, $2, There are 21 schools in town the Kimwere settlers and Putney's. Henry Miller and others received a new grant of this town in 1756, which was the occasion of long and bitfirst ball's regard to titles. the population was 1,085, and, with the exception of Amherst, was the most populous ter average length for the year, eighteen weeks; total amount annually appropriated for school purposes, $ 2,499.84. Literary Institutions. Contoocook Academy, Charles Hardon, Principal. New-Hampshire Philomathic and Antiquarian was 1873. Society. established Its This society November 19, rooms are located in Contoocook. This society is the outgrowth of the Philomathic Club formed in 1859, by three young men then residing in this village. There is now a museum of some 2,000 or 3,000 specimens of antiquities and other curiosities. The society desires and solicits the ac- quaintance and co-operation of all persons of antiquarian or scientific pursuits throughout the State. The Rev. Silas Ketchum, of Bristol, is the Corresponding Secretary. Libraries. Hopkinton Public Library, 750 volumes. Contoocook Social Library, 650 volumes. Hotel. Contoocook House. Early Settlements. Hopkinton was granted by Massachusetts to John Jones and others, January 16, 1735, and was called " Number disputes in town pastor; 000. by emigrants from Among the Mass. in 1740, Hopkinton, 11, 1775, in central New-Hampshire. Rev. James Ministers. First Scales, Congregational, in 1757, dismissed in Scales was ordained ordained 1770. Mr. in Putney's on Putney's Hill. Rev. Elijah Fletcher, ordained in 1773, died in 1789. Rev. Jacob Cram, ordained in 1789, dismissed in 1794. Rev. Ethan Smith, settled in 1800, dismissed in 1817. Boundaries. North by Warner and Boscawen, east by Concord, Fort, by Bow, Dunbarton and Weare, and west by Henniker. Area, 26,967 acres improved land, south ; 17,590. Eight miles west of Distances. Concord. Railroads. Concord and Clare- mont Railroad runs through the northeast corner of the town. The The station is at Contoocook. Contoocook Valley Railroad has its terminus at Contoocook, and forms a junction with the Concord and Claremont Railroad. HUDSON. Hillsborough County. The surface of this town, back from the Merrimack, is uneven, and the soil is more turage, suitably adapted to pas- and the growth of wood and timber, than to tillage. On �203 JACKSON. the river, there are large intervals of a deep, fertile soil, producing fine crops of corn, vegetables, and hay. The surplus products of the farmers are readily sold in the city of Nashua, at fair prices. River and Ponds. The western border of Hudson, is washed by Merrimack River. Little Massabesick and Otternick, both covering a surface of three hundred acres, are the principal bodies of water. Employments. Agriculture is the principal employment of the people who receive a good return for their There labor. is some manufac- turing done in town, but not on an extensive scale. Extension tables, plane woods, &c, are manufac- About tured. 700,000 feet of lum- ber, are annually sawed. Agricultural Resources. ducts, $ 133,321 ; pro- mechanical labor, stocks, &c, money at interest, $ 2,900 $20,600; $12,500; in savings banks, $ ; deposits 135,775 ; stock $ 14,483. The resources town clearly show that the inhabitants are prosperous, and in trade, of this ought to be happy. Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. S. M. Blanchard, pastor in 1870; Methodist, Elder Baptist, C. A. Cressey," pastor; Rev. A. W. Chaflin, pastor. There are ten schools in town average length for the year, twenty-two weeks. Annual amount appropri; ated for school purposes, $1,394.80. First Settlements. This town was included in the grant of Dunstable, and formerly called Nottingham West, noV Nashua, and settle- ments were commenced by Messrs. Blodgett, Winn, Lovewell, Colburn, Hill, Greeley, Cross, ings, Pollard, Cum- Marsh and Merrill, in 1710. Incorporated July 5, 1746, name changed to Hudson in 1830. The first settlements were commenced on the banks of the river, where the Indians had cleared fields for the cultivation of corn. Near the old Indian cornfields, cinders have been found, similar to those produced in blacksmiths' works. The first inhabitants lived in garrisons. While the men were fields and forests, and children were abroad in the the women lodged in these places of security. First Ministers. Rev. Nathaniel Merrill, Congregational, settled in Rev. Jabez P. 1737, died in 1796 Fisher, settled in 1796, dismissed ; in 1807. Boundaries. North by Litchfield and Londonderry, east by Windham and Pelham, south by Tyngsborough, Massachusetts, and west by Nashua. Area, 17,379 acres; improved land, 9,443 acres. Thirty-eight miles Distances. south from Concord, and two and one half miles east from Nashua. Railroads. Two miles to Nashua station, on the Concord and Nashua Railroad. The Nashua and Rochester Railroad, now being constructed, will pass through Hudson. JACKSON. Carroll County. Jackson is a mountainous town. Along the streams are some very fine lands, producing excellent crops, which find a home market, for the reason that summer tourists who this romantic town, number about frequent 500 annually. Rivers and Mountains. The two branches of Ellis River are the principal streams. Thorne and Iron Mountains are the most important elevations in town. �204 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. Minerals. Tin ore has been found here in considerable quantities. In the southern part, bordering on Bartlett, and near Rocky Branch, an affluent of Ellis River, one of the most valuable mines of iron ore in the United States, with everything considered. The is vein now in Avidth, being opened, and is 55 feet 175 rods in length. It is evident the whole mountain intersected by numerous veins of excellent iron ore, and will is furnish an inexhaustible supply. This ore has been tested by one of the most celebrated English iron and steel manufacturers, who favorably reported upon its good qualities, as producing the finest quality of steel. Until recently, been far from any means of transportation by railway, but now the Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad, which extends through Bartlett, will pass within three miles of the mine, and a branch road may be easily built up Rocky Branch, to a point near the shafts. (See Bartlett.) this ore has The future prospects of Jackson are very flattering. Employments. The inhabitants are generally engaged in farming and keeping summer boarders. are exbuilt, the coming Some new manufactories pected to be season. Resources. soil, $72,243; $ 1,800 ; Productions of the mechanical labor, money at interest, $ 3,800 deposits in savings banks, $ 4,084 from summer tourists, $25,000; stock in trade, $ 2,700, Churches and Schools. There are two churches of the Freewill Baptist denomination, Rev. Cha's. Hurlin, is pastor of one of them. There are seven public schools. Average length of schools for the There is an annual church and school fund of $ 400. Hotels. Jackson Falls Hotel, " Thorne Mountain House," and " Iron Mountain House. These Houses are full of guests, through year, ten weeks. 1 the summer ' season. Benjamin Copp, town with his family in 1779, and remained fourteen years before any other person settled here. The town was incorporated by the name of Adams, December 4, 1800. It was changed to its present name, in 1829, First Settlers. came to this First Minister. kins, Rev. Daniel ElF. Baptist, settled here in A 1809. Freewill Baptist church was formed in 1803. Boundaries. North and west by Pinkney's Grant, east by Chatham, and south by Bartlett. Area 31,968 acres, improved land, Distances. 5,496 acres. from 90 miles north Concord, and forty-five north from Ossipee. Railroad. Two and one half miles to railway station, on Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad. JAFFREY. Cheshire County. The uneven surface of this town affords numerous meadows and rich pastures, causing it to be peculiarly adapted to raising cattle. There are some very fine farms, however, well cultivated, and producing ex- cellent crops; but, like too of many neighboring towns, the farming interest is neglected the young men being inclined to leave their paternal home, And seek their fortunes elsewhere. There are but few country towns which offer better inducements in natural resources, for the people the — �205 JAFFREY. happy and prosperous, than Its fine water power and delightful scenery have attracted the attention of capitalists, and the lovers of lake and mountain out of three of which issue streams In the sufficient to carry mills. largest, which is four hundred rods long, and one hundred wide, The number of tourists who spend their summer vacation acres. to be Jaffrey. scenery. in this delightful town is estimated at over eight hundred, while thou- sands annually visit the mountains for a day's recreation. With this advantage the farmer can find a ready sale for all the surplus products of his farm, at remunera-. tive prices. Mountain. The Grand Monad- nock, which lies mostly in this town, has an altitude of 3718 feet From the sumabove the ocean. mit of this mountain, some fine views of the surrounding country for many miles in extent can be obtained. House Monadnock Mountain way main road to the top of situated about half is from the the mountain, and can be easily reached by a passable road. The number of arrivals at this hotel last year was 12,000. About one and one- Spring. half miles in a south-easterly direction from the mountain, is Mo- nadnock Mineral Spring. The waters are impregnated with carbonate of iron and sulphate of soda. Yellow ochre collects in considerable quantities, where the spring issues from the earth. The temperature of the water is so high that it has never been known an island containing about ten is There is considerable wapower in the east part of the town near the Monadnock Railter still unimproved. The inhabitants Employments. are largely engaged in manufacturing, mercantile trade, and keeping summer boarders, who road, visit this town in summer the months, for recreation and health. The value of cotton drills annually manufactured is $192,000; 1,000, 000 shingles, and 2,210,000 feet of boards are annually sawed. The Contoocook River knife works annually manufacture $ 14,000 worth of shoe knives of all kinds. Besides these, are nest boxes, bobclothes pins, bins, boots, shoes, Village. chair stock, &c, produced. East Jaffrey pleasantest one of is in the In this village is a cotton manufactory, knife maunufacto- the villages State. large saw and wooden ware, boots, ry, grist mill, shoes, &c, ten stores, one large hotel, two banks, three churches, express and telegraph office, post eight or office, railroad station, and about one hundred dwelling houses. Resources. Agricultural produc- mechanical labor, $ 61,400; railroad stock and bonds, $72,500; money at interest, $33, tions, $67,136; stock in trade, $39,630; de- to freeze over. 600; Streams and Ponds. Several streams issue from the sides of the posits in savings banks, Monadnock, the largest of which rises about one hundred rods from its crest, and forms the principal source of the Contoocook River. There are several ponds in town, wealth, ranks the fourth town in the county; in population the seventh. from summer Jaffrey, tourists, $ 134,858 $32,000. in Churches and Schools. 1st Con- gregational, Rev. Rufus Case, pas- �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 206 East Jaffrey 2d CongregaRev. D. N. Goodrich, pasUnivertor Baptist, salis!, Rev. J. M. H. Smith, pas- tor, at ; tional, ; ; tor. Congregational, 80 1st mem- $ 4,000 2d Congregamembers, value, $3,500; members, value, 86 Baptist, $ 3,000 Universalist, 20 members, value, $ 3,000. There are thirteen and fourteen districts, school Average length schools in town. bers, value, ; tional, 50 ; of schools for the year, nineteen weeks. Value of school houses, $ The 11,000. Conant High School has placed Jaffrey in the front rank of facilities mon and for com- missed in tional The Congregawas formed in 1780. North by Dublin, Boundaries. by Peterborough and Sharon, south by Rindge and Fitzwilliam, and, west by Troy and Marlborough. Area, 28,600 acres. miles Distances. Forty-six south west from Concord, and fifteen south-east from Keene. Railroad. Monadnock Railroad passes through the south-east part of the town. Railroad station at Two miles to the East Jaffrey. centre of the town; conveyance by stage. east high school education. Jaffrey Social LibraEast Jaffrey, 500 volumes; ry, J. M. H. Smith's private library, 669 volumes. Monadnock Savings Banks. Bank, East Jaffrey, and Monadnock National Bank, East Jaffrey. 1782. Church JEFFERSON. Libraries. Monadnock Mountain Hotels. Hotel; Centre, Central House, Massasoit House, and Granite State Hotel, East House, Jaffrey. $62,000. Cutter's Total Value of hotels, of arrivals for number the year at all the hotels, 19,600. There are three livery stables with 26 horses, which are valued at $12,600. This town First Settlements. was granted by the Masonian proprietors, to forty persons, in 1749. In 1758, a Mr. Grant, and John Davidson made the first settlement. It was originally called Middle Monadnock, or Number two. In 1773, the town was incorporated and received its name from George Jaffrey, Esq., of Portsmouth. First Minister. Rev. Laban Ainsworth, settled in 1778; dis- Coos County. The surface of this town is rough, uneven and broken with mountains and On hills. the south-west side of Pliny Mountain, the soil is rich and productive, and furnishes several ex- An extensive and view of the White Mountains is obtained from this farming neighborhood. The hills and base of the mountains furnish some excellent grazing and tillage land. cellent farms. delightful In proportion to the number of acres of improved land, Jefferson produces more bushels of potatoes than any other town in the State. Ponds and Streams. Cherry and Safety Ponds, are the principal Israel's River bodies of water. passes through the town from south-east to north-west, and here receives a considerable tributary. There is some very good water power on these streams. Summer Resorts. The fine mountain scenery found in Jefferson, made it quite popular as a summer resort. There are three large hotels, besides many houses has �KEENE. 207 prepared for the reception of sum- his mer Jefferson was incorporated De- cember 1796. The Waumbeck, boarders. Mt. Adams, and Jefferson the Hill, are names of the public houses. The scenery, at Waumbeck the House of the surrounding country, is grand. At the rear of the house is Star King Mountain which is From the piazza of the Hotel, people on the summit of Mount Washington can be diseasily ascended. tinctly seen with a glass. Fine views can be had from all the Hotels in town. Employments. Agriculture is the principal vocation of the people. Lumber to the value of $ 46,500 four starch is annually sawed; escape 8, S 75,600. bushels potatoes pro- duced, 78,467. Resources. Agricultual productions, S $ 84,600 19,900 ; mechanical labor, deposits ; banks, $717.00; from 84,399; savings in stock in trade, summer tourists, Churches and Schools. MethoThere $ 20,000. dist, I. J. Tebbetts, pastor. stratagem. Boundaries. North by Lancaster and Kilkenny, east by Randolph, south by White mountain region and Carroll, and west by Whitefield. Area, 26,676 acres; area of improved land, 6,980 acres. Ten miles southDistances. east from Lancaster, and by railroad and stage, one hundred and forty-seven miles north from Concoi'd. Railroad. ter station Ten miles to Lancas- on the Montreal Exten- sion Railroad. KEENE. mills manufacture 190 tons 6tarch, valued at $ 15,200; 11,000 bushels meal and flour ground, § 13,800. Total value of goods manufactured, through Cheshire County. Coming in the cars from Bellows Falls, Ver- mont, on the Cheshire railroad, as you wind around the brow of a hill, you first obtain a view of Keene, nestling in the valley of the Ashuelot. Before you are the meadows, fields, the meandering Ashuelot, the farm houses, the church spires peering through the maple or elm, while farther in the distance are the hills which act as the cultivated citadels to guard this delightful are eight schools in town; average length for the year, fourteen vale against the chilling blasts of a northern climate the whole weeks. This town presenting a grand panoramic view of nature and art combined, John Goffe rarely excelled. First Settlements. was granted to Colonel under the name of Dartmouth, October 3, 1765; June 26, 1772, it was regranted to Mark H. Wentworth and others. Colonel Joseph Whipple, Samuel Hart and others, commenced the first settlement about 1773. Colonel Whipple was captured here in his house, by a party of Indians, headed by a white man, during the war of the revolution. He succeeded in making — Keene is situated in a broad valwhich was in ages past the ley, bed of a primeval lake. Its alluvial deposits extend down to unknown depth, covering about one third the surface of the town, and varying in character from a clean sand to pure clay, with vast deposits of peat and swamp muck composed of the vegetable accumulations of centuries. These, whex �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 208 properly drained, will make meadow lands that will vie in fertility with the prairies of the West. This valley is watered by the Ashuelot river and its tributaries, which run through the town, affording several valuable mill sites, some of which are still unoccupied. The soil, generally, in the valley, is while the hill-sides are well adapted to grazing. Granite, fertile, and shoe facone glue factory, two soap factories, four tanneries one of erection, one boot tory, — them the — two two brick yards, two mills. grist-mills, and six saw There are in use eight steam engines, furnishing motive power for largest in the State potteries, the various occupations, in addition to several water powers in There are from use. fifty to sev- of enty-five stores of all kinds, three ite, large hotels, town hall, court house, seven church edifices, several school-houses, three printing of- good quality for quarrying, abounds in many parts of the town. A peculiar quality of grandesignated " rotten stone," is found in abundance in several localities, affording the best mateIt contains rial for road-making. a portion of sulphuret of iron, which decomposes, and leaves the rock in a very fragile condition, easily reduced, and convenient for use. All branches of business pursued in the place are in a very flourishing condition. In point of energy, enterprise, and growth, it may be considered the leading town in the State, with a population of about seven thousand five hundred. The offices, depots, and shops of the Cheshire and Ashue- five banks, besides many lawyers physicians', dentists', and insurance offices. Some of the business blocks are the finest and most expensive structures of the kind in the State. Its natural refices, 1 , sources consist in its numerous water privileges, some of which are still timber, its wood and fertile soil, favorable unoccupied, its for agriculture, ries, its ing its granite quar- vast beds of clay for brick, mak- peat beds, which be utilized as fuel, or its in time may prepared for fertilizing the adjacent fields. There are hundreds lot railroads are at this place, and with their extensive business, find of acres in different parts of the town, consisting entirely of peat employment for a large number These buildings measure more than a mile in length, and with their solidity and beauty, constitute an important part of the village. The new shops and fac- and muck beds, which by a proper manipulation can be made into compost that for all practical pur- of hands. tories, erected in different parts of the plac"e, are generally substantial and beautiful structures, imparting a business air to the town. There is a flannel factory, a pail factory, an iron foundry, two carriage mantwo chair shops, two furniture shops, one sash and blind factory, and another in process of ufactories, poses stable is equal in value to ordinary This can easily be manure. made available by the proprietors, who can thus add an immense value to their cultivated lands. The location of the town in the great basin makes it the natural centre of business for most of the county and portions of the adjacent territory, by affording means of communication facilties and commercial unsurpassed by any other �KEENE. 209 town in the State. Its increasing population since the close of the war has required the erection of a number of houses, varying from $ seventy-five to one hundred annu- chairs, of all kinds, some of which, in point of beauty and value, are not excelled by any private residences in the State. These with the generally neat appearance of the streets, shaded with majestic elms, make Keene one of the most beautiful 000 pails, and blinds, ally, villages in New-England. The park in the centre of the village, with its grove and soldiers' monument, surrounded by substantial business blocks, makes the place particularly attractive to visitors. It is supplied with an abundance of pure water from a small lake three miles distant, of sufficient elevation to force a stream of water ov- er the roofs of the highest build- thus rendering the place comparatively secure against the ravages of fire. Its advantageous situation, in connection with the ings, enterprise of its citizens, and its lo- it a prospect of future prosperity and continued cal resources, gives growth in manufactures, wealth and population, and, ere long, it will be ranked as one of the cities of New-Hampshire. Employments The inhabitants, are principally engaged in manufacturing and mercantile trade. It is one of the largest centres for trade in the State. The manufactures are varied and extensive. 86,400 sides of leather and 11,500 are annually tanned, valued at $ 624,000. At the Beaver Mills are annually manufactured furniture, chairs, machinery, and other mechanical works, to the value of $ 242,000. There are calf-skins made 60 tons of glue, valued at 30,000; 3,800 chamber-sets, 8 115, soap and candles, §54,500; 5,550 cases of men's and women's boots and shoes, $ 255,000 143,600 000; ; $ 182,866; 260, $43,000; doors, sash, valued at § 125,000 brush handles, $ 14,000; machinery of kinds, §80,000; foundry, all $75,000; pottery works, S 35,000; 700,000 yards of flannel of the best quality, $315,000; 550 sleighs 150 carriages, $65,700 ; and besides gas works, railroad shops, carpenters, butchers, photographers, custom boot and shoe manufacturers, plumbers, organ manufacturer, bookbinders, cloth dryers, tin ware, marble workers, blacksmiths, brick, bakery, hair work, tailors, milliners, and various other kinds of mechanical work too numerous to mention. The total amount in~ vested in manufactories is $ 1,138, 300. 1,221 males, and 109 females are employed, who annually receive for their labor, $636,000. Total value of manufactured goods, $2,757,700. (See statistical table.) Resources. Agriculturial products, $144,134; $636,000; money mechanical labor, &c, $372,350; stocks at interest, $118,910; de- posits in savings banks, $583,338; stock in trade, $ 426,450 from summer ; estimate $ 6,000. and professional services are estimated at $ 300,000 or more. Churches and Sclwols. Congre- The tourists, clerical Rev. W. O. White, pastor; number of members, 90 church valuation, $ 30, First Congregational, Rev. 000. Cyrus Richardson, pastor; members, 290 church value, $ 45,000. Second Congregational, Rev. J. A. Leach, pastor; members, 290; gational Unitarian, ; ; �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 210 Grace church value, $33,000. Ghurch, (Methodist) Rev. T. L. Flood, members, pastor; 300; church value, $50,000; Baptist, RevW. H. Eaton, D. D., pastor; members, 184; chui'ch valuation, $ 16,000. St. James, (Episcopal,) Rev. George W. Brown, rector; communicants, 100 church value, $ 40,000. St. Bernard's (Catholic,) Rev. D. W. Murphy, priest; members, 1,600; church value, $ 10,000. ; is now buildnew church edifice, (1873). number of churches, 7; number of members, 2,850 church The Baptist society ing a Total ; There are eleven school districts, and thirty schools in Keene. Number of valuation, $223,000. average length for the year, twenty-nine weeks; scholars, 1,190; annual amount of money appropriated for school purposes, $ 14,978. The schools 14. as high as in town stand any town in the in this ; ; volumes or moi'e, 24,150. There are at least six Sundayschool libraries, ranging from 500 to 1000 volumes each. Hotels. Cheshire House, Eagle Hotel, and American House. To400 tal $ value of hotels in the town, 170,000 ; total number of arrivals for the year, 24,300. There are four Livery Stables. livery stables, with fifty-nine hors- State. Keene Faulkner, Esq., 500; George Cook, Esq., 800; J. H. Elliott, Esq., 500 Rev. J. A. Leach, 2,700 Samuel W. Hale, 500; D. W. Gilbert, 400; I. F. Prouty, 400; Gen. S. G. Griffin, 800; C. T. Buffum, 400; Rev. G. W. Brown, 900; Dr. H. H. Darling, 600 Rev. W. H. Eaton, D. D., 900; C. C. Webster, Esq., 500; Rev. D. W. Murphy, 400; G. H. Tilden & Co., 600; Horatio Colony, Esq., 800; Julius N. Morse, 500; Hon. T. M. Edwards, 500; and Samuel Dinsmore, 500. Total number of volumes in libraries of S. Natural History Society valued at $ 12,000. Banks. Cheshire National, Ash- es, was organized in 1872, and has met with eminent success in col- uelot lecting illustrative specimens of the several departments pertain- Cheshire Provident Institution for Savings, and Keene Five Cent Sav- ing to the natural sciences. The interest in this enterprise is grow- ings Bank. ing rapidly and its members have already a museum consisting of numerous objects exemplifying the Sentinel mineral, and animal kingdoms, in their various phases, together with rare and curious works of art. Libraries. Keene Public Libra- setts, volumes Carpenter, M. D., (private), 800; D. H. Woodward, Esq., 500; Rev. E, A. Renouf, 1,000; Messrs. Wheeler and Faulkner, Esqs., 450; G. B. Twitchell, M. D., 1,000; Mrs. Ingersoll, 1,200; Gen. James Wilson, 700 Rev. W. O. White, 1,800 C. ry, 3,000 ; ; A. S. ; National, Keene National, New-Hampshire Newspapers. Cheshire Republican. First ; Settlements. originally granted Keene was by Massachu- under the name of Upper The first settlement was commenced about the year Ashuelot. 1734, by Jeremiah Hall, Elisha Root, Nathaniel Rockwood, Seth Heaton, Josiah Fisher, Nathan Blake, and others. It was incorporated under its present name, April 11, 1753, in honor of an Eng- nobleman, Sir Benjamin Keene. From Hayward's Gazetteer, we lish �211 KEENE. append a few extracts, showing the danger, hardships, and cruelties which the first settlers of Keene were subjected to by Indian incursions. "The usual scourge which attended the frontier settlements visited this town. In 1745, the Indians killed Josiah Fisher, a deacon of the church in 1746, they attacked ; the fort, marched the first detachment of men from this town, in the war of tire revolution, and participated in the battle of Bunker This company (Breed's) Hill. consisted of thirty men. The list of the foot company in Keene, at this time, numbered one hundred soldier, and twenty-six They were, however, discovered by Capt. Ephraim Dorman, in season to prevent their taking it. He was attacked by two tablished Indians, but defended himself suc- in cessfully against them, An the fort. and reached action ensued, in which John Bullard was killed; Mrs. M'Kenney, being out of the fort, was stabbed and died; and Nathan Blake taken prisoner and carried to Canada, where he remained two years. Mr. Blake afterwards returned where he lived 1811, at till to the age of ninety-nine years and five months. was ow all Keene, his death, in When he ninety-four, he married a wid- of sixty. The Indians burnt the buildings in the settlement, including the meeting house. The inhabitants continued in the fort until April, 1747, when the In 1753, town was abandoned. they returned, and recommenced In 1755, the Indians again attacked the fort. Their number was great, and the onset violent, but the vigilance and courage of Capt. Syms successAfter burning fully defended it. their settlements. several buildings, killing cattle, &c, they withdrew. They again invaded the town, but with and influential the alarm the ' 1 1 Sentinel,' at Keene, 1799, is still living in and is the es- "New-Hampshire in this March, town, one of the oldest printers Father United States. deposited his 74th annual vote for State and county officers, on the 11th day of March, 1873.* Keene has been the birth place and residence of many prominent and talented men, who have held many honorable positions, both in the State and Nation. Prentiss A First Ministers. was erected fice 1736. In 1736, church edi- in this town in the Rev. Jacob Bacon was ordained; left in 1747. Rev. Ezra Carpenter settled in 1753 left in 1760. Rev. Clement Sumner, ordained in 1761 left in 1772. Rev. Aaron Hall, settled in ; ; 1778; died in 1814. North by WestBoundaries. moreland, Surry, and Gilsum, east by Sullivan and Roxbury, south by Swanzey, and west by ChesterArea, field and Westmoreland. 22,040 acres; improved land, 11,445 acres. Distances. Ninety miles northwest from Boston, and fifty-five south-west from Concord. Railroads. The railroad facili- little Since writing the above, Mr. Prentiss died, success." Colonel Isaac ; Hon. John Prentiss, who the only protection of the inhabitants. men list forty-five. Wyman, an June 6, 1873, aged 95 years. He was an excellent man in every relation of life, and he died full of both years and honor. Friday, active man, and a brave �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 212 town are good. Cars " Ashuelot" and the on the "Cheshire" railroads leave daily ties of this When the " country. of the for all sections Manchester and Keene Railroad" is completed, thereby giving a more direct communication with the central portion of the State, the railroad facilities of Keene will be nearly perfected. Ken- sington has generally an even surand the soil is deep and fer- face, and well adapted to grazing and produces excellent tillage, The average value crops. of agri- cultural products for each acre of improved land is over $ 14. This all improved land except includes wood land. The State of Illinois averages less than $11, or 22 per cent less than Kensington. The farmers find a ready market at Exeter, three miles distant, for their surplus products, at fair There are some fine farms under a high state of cultivation. prices. From the summit of Fogg's or Moulton's Hill, an extensive view can be had of the broad Atlantic, and many cities and Productions of the $82,794; mechanical labor. $25,650; stocks and money at interest, $ 13, 129 deposits in savings banks, $ 16,856 stock in trade, Resources. soil, ; ; $9,445; $ from summer tourists, 1,200. Churches and Schools. tor Rockingham County. and tannery, a plow manufac and a wheelwright's shop. Congre- gational, Rev. E. D. Eldridge, pas- KENSINGTON. tile, small tory, villages. Many tourists stop through the summer in this ancient and pleasant town. Ponds. Muddy Pond is the only body of water of any note. It derives its name from the turbid appearance of its waters. Employments. Agriculture and shoe business is the principal employment of the people. 120,000 pairs of shoes are annually made, valued at $ 120,000, giving employment to about 40 men. 650,000 feet of lumber, of all kinds, are annually sawed. There is one ; Baptist, salist, ; . Univer- There are two Average length schools in town. of schools for the year, thirty-four weeks. Libraries. Kensington Ladies' Sewing Circle Library, 500 First Settlements. vols. Kensington was settled at a very early period, but the exact date is not known. It was originally a part of Hampton, from which it was detached and incorporated, April 1, 1737. First Ministers. Rev. Jeremiah Fogg, (Congregational,) ordained in 1737, died in 1789; Rev. Naphtali Shaw, ordained in 1793, dismissed in 1812. The Congregational society was drganized in 1737. Boundaries. east by North by Exeter, Hampton and Seabrook, south by South Hampton, and west by East Kingston. Total area, 7,045 acres; improved land, 5,729 acres. Distances. About forty miles south-east from Concord and three south from Exeter. By Railroads. Newburyport and Exeter daily stage to Exeter station, three miles to the and Maine Railroad. Boston When com- it is expected that the Exand Salisbury Railroad will pass through Kensington. pleted, eter �KILKENNY —KINGSTON. KIMvI»V. the soil being of a sandy loam, easy to cultivate, and when properly fertilized, produces good crops. The plain land is rich and very fertile. The highest elevalevel, Coos County. Since the last gazetteer of New-Hampshire was issued, but little if any change has occured in this" town. It is a rough, rocky, and cold township. Along the southern border of the town is a narrow strip of land which is quite productive and easily cultivated. Mountains. Pilot and Willard's mountain include a large portion of this territory they receive the ; tions are from a fact that a hunter called is Near the centre of the located the village, on a large plain. is ; contained 19 inhabitants ; in 1856, 19, and we have no way of knowing any different census, at the present time. Boundaries. North by Stark, east by Milan, Berlin and Randolph, south by Jefferson, and west by Jefferson and Lancaster. Total area, 15,906 acres. The total value of the whole town, is Distances. One hundred and twenty miles north from Concord, and fifteen east from Lancaster. KINGSTON. Rockingham surface of this The County. town is generally The carriage business extensively carried on here, and, with the exception of Concord, more business is done in that line, than at any other point in the State. There are three churches, school house, academy, three hotels, four or five stores, of various kinds, and about one hundred dwelling is about two miles to the railway station, on the Boston and Maine Railroad, at East Kingston. houses. It Employments. The inhabitants are about equally divided between manufacturing, and mercantile trade on one side, and farming on the other. Carriages, to the value of $ 126,000, are annually manufactured, leather, $ 10,000 lumber, ; $5,000, besides sale shoes, and other small mechanical shops. The total value of goods annually manufactured, is $ 163,800. Resources. Annual productions of the soil, $56,303; mechanical labor, $ 20,000. and Village. town, this with his dog. On the east side of the mountain was his camp each day he noticed the dog left him, as he supposed in pursuit of game, but towards night he would return. At last he resolved to follow him and, on the following day, he set out with the dog, and after three days of hunger and fatigue, was brought back to his camp by his faithful guide and companion. Organization. This town was granted to Jonathan Warner and others, June 4, 1774. In 1840, it Hill, Ponds. There are several ponds, the largest of which is Great Pond, which covers about three hundred acres. All the ponds have an area of eight hundred acres. named Willard, was once lost on mountain, while out hunting High Rockrimmon. name of Pilot and Willard's mountain 213 $ 53,600 stocks, and money $ 12,679 deposits in ; at interest, ; savings banks, $13,172; stock in trade, ists, $ 9,495 ; from summer tour- $2,000. Churches and Schools. CongreRev. Jacob Chapman, pastor; Methodist, Rev. Joseph gational, �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 214 Hayes, pastor; Union, . died in 1795, aged sixty-five years. There are six schools in town. Average length of schools for the year, twenty-two weeks. Kingston Literary Institution. Academy, John W. Sanborn, prin- Rev. Ward First Ministers. Clark, (Congregational,) ordained in 1725, died in 1737 Rev. Joseph Secombe, settled in* 1737, died in cipal. in Alphia House, Towle's Hotel, and Farmer's Hotel. First Settlements. Kingston was granted by Lieutenant Governor Usher, to James Prescott, Ebenezer Webster, and others from Thayer, D.D., settled in Hotels. Hampton, August 6, 1694, and contained within its borders, East Kingston, Danville and Sandown. The proprietors erected garrisons, and other buildings, and began to cultivate their lands, soon ; 1760 ; Rev. 1762, Amos Tappan, ordained died in 1771; Rev. 1776, E. died in 1812. North by BrentBoundaries. wood, east by East Kingston, south by Newton and Plaistow, and west Hampstead and Danville. by Area, 12,188 acres; area of improved land, 5,786 acres. Thirty-eight miles Distances. south-east from Concord, and six south from Exeter. But they were soon attended with By daily stage to Railroad. East Kingston station, on Boston and Maine Railroad, two miles troubles from the hostile Indians, distant. after they obtained their charter. which had a discouraging effect upon the infant settlement. In 1707, Stephen and Joel Gilman, were ambushed between Exeter and Kingston, but fortunately made their escape. Again in 1712, Stephen Gilman and a comrade, Ebenezer Stevens, were attacked and wounded, and Gilman taken and put to death. Jabez Colman and son were killed while laboring in the field, in 1724, and at the same time four children were taken one escaped, and the others were redeemed. Ancient French coins, and Indian implements of various kinds, have been ploughed up near the ponds. Major Ebene- — zer Stevens, one of the first settlers, was a very distinguished and useful citizen. Kingston was also the residence of the Hon. Josiah Bartlett, who was first govei-nor of the State, under its free constitution. He was a valuable and useful man, both in the town and State, He LACONIA. Belknap County. This town was disannexed from the eastern section of the town of Meredith and incoi-porated under the name of Laconia, in July, 1855. small township, but the good, and, when It is a soil is properly culti- vated, yields abundant crops. It is watered on its eastern border by Long Bay and Winnipiseogee river, which separates it from Gilford. A portion of Winni- squam Lake lies in the south-east- ern part, near the village of Laconia. This lake is a beautiful sheet of water, about six miles in length, and from one half to two miles in width. A small steamboat plies on its waters during the warm season, to the order of With picnics and private parties. these advantages for varied recreations, Laconia has become quite popular as a resort for summer �215 LACONIA. The Winnipiseogee tourists. er in its riv- passage from Long Bay to comes from any car manufactory in New England. Unlike most Winnisquam lake, for the distance of two miles, furnishes some of the best water power in the State, which is improved to the extent of over 1,400 horse power in the manufactories of this character, their shops are so arranged, that every part of a car, from the most simple bolt to the wheels and two shops, with the exception of the Lake Laconia and villages, axle. Village. Lake Village, lying this town and partly in Villages. partly in Gilford, Long is situated at the foot of bay, and on Winnipiseogee About one mile from Lake on the Winnipiseogee, and on the shore of Lake Winnesquam, is located the thriving vilriver. Village, lage of Laconia. scription these of villages, see Employments. Laconia is a large manufacturing and mercantile town, being excelled by but one in the State in proportion to At Laconia village Car Manufacturing Company. They employ over two hundred men, who anits is population. situated the Raulet nually receive for their labor, while the annual production of various kinds, is valued at For many years over $500,000. they manufactured only baggage cars; but for several years past they have been increasing their $ 150,000, facilities for the manufacture of passenger cars, and at the present time (1873) they manufacture every species of cars from common baggage, to the finest palace cars that run over our railroads. Some of the splendid palace cars seen on the Montreal, Vermont Central, Northern and Concord railroads, are made by the skilled workmen of this company. Their work is pronounced as good and as handsomely finished, as made is their in own This gives them an advan- tage in competing with the who purchase ufacturers mantheir wheels, springs, bolts, &c, from other shops. The annual value of manufactured productions has increased from $280,000 to $500,000, within the past three their years. The Belknap For further de- Gilford. town springs, cotton and woolen mills have the capacity of employ- ing 90 males and over 300 females, and annually turn out manufactured goods to the value of $ 756,000. They are at present making some changes in their business and consequently are not in operation. There are five hosiery mills, usually employing 84 males and 166 fe- males, and annually producing 262, 000 dozens of cotton and merino One of not in operation. There is an iron foundery for loom castings, &c. a machine shop for mill work, shafting, and hose, valued at $353,000. the mills at present is ; machinery, grist mill, saw mills, and various other mechanical shops. The employed tories, total number of hands in the various when manufac- are in operation, all is males, 447, females 508, and the annual value of goods manufactured, is $ 1,814,500. Resources. Productions of the soil, $66,157; mechanical labor, $351,950; stocks and money at interest, $56,150; deposits in savings banks, $ 148,280 stock in trade, ; $ 107,000; professional business, �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 216 $60,000; from summer tourists, $ 2,000. Churches and Schools. CongreW. F. Bacon, pastor; Unitarian, Rev. C. Fowler, pastor; Catholic, Father M. J. Goodwin, priest; Methodist, Rev. B. W. Chase, pastor; Freewill gational, Rev. H. Lyford, pasThere are eight schools in town, five of which are graded. Average length of schools for the Baptist, Rev. F. tor. year, twenty-six weeks. amount of money The total appropriated for school purposes, is $2,183.60. The Laconia Libraries. Libra- ry Association has a fund to the amount of $ 1,500 to establish a Public Library at Laconia Village. Hon. O. A. library, J. 1,200 Vaughan, private volumes; Judge E. A. Hibbard, 1,200 volumes. Newspaper Laconia Democrat. . (See tables.) warm in the season, steamboats are in readiness, on the arrival of the trains, to convey passengers to Centre Harbor, Wolfeborough, Alton Bay, and other important points in and around the lake. LANCASTER. Coos County. Lancaster was formerly the whole shire town of Coos county. The population, after the introduction of the Grand Trunk Railway, increased quite rapidly in the northern section of the county, and Colebrook was assigned as shire town for the North- ern Judicial District. ows and The meadtown are intervals in this considered the most extensive and finest there are in the whole valley of the Connecticut, extending back nearly a mile The soil to the uplands. of these intervals is allu- and produces excellent crops of corn, oats and grass; while the vial Banks. Laconia National Bank, Belknap Savings Bank, and Laconia Savings Bank. (See tables.) Hotels. Mount Belknap House, Lake Village Laconia Hotel, and Willard House, at Laconia Vil; lage. First Settlements and First Min- (See Meredith.) Boundaries. North and northeast by Long Bay, east by Gilford, south by Sanbornton, and west and north-west by Meredith. Area of improved land, 4,702 acres. Distances. Twenty-five miles north from Concord to Gilford Court House in Laconia Village. Railroads. The Boston, Concord & Montreal Railroad passes along the eastern and north-eastern border of the town, through Laconia and Lake Villages, thence to the Weirs, landing at the outlet of Winnipiseogee Lake, where, uplands, when raise fine pi'operly cultivated, wheat and other crops. The annual value of its agricultu- exceeds that of any ral products other town in the county, and it ranks as the twelfth town in the State in agriculture. There ister. that is is no town more in the State pleasantly situated for mountain scenery than LanThe town itself is not fine caster. mountainous, but towering mountains can be seen on every hand. At the south and south-east, the Franconia hills and the whole range of the White Mountains are in full view ; and in the north east the Stratford or with and 1 ' Percy Peaks, many of the Green Mountains are distinctly visible west; while before you in Vermont to the is the with its meandering Connecticut broad, cultivated intervals �217 LANCASTER. dotted with beautiful farm houses the whole presenting a picture of nature and art combined, worthy of the pencil of a limner's brightest skill. Rivers and Ponds. Connecticut River washes its north-western border for about ten miles. It is about 20 rods wide at this point, very deep and crooked. Israel's River passes through the town in a north-westerly direction, and affords some valuable water power. There are several ponds, the largest of which is Martin Meadow Pond, named for a hunter who frequented this locality many years ago. This communicates with Little Pond. The Baker Pond, one mile north of the village, is a pleasant sbeet of water and is situated so near the Connecticut that, by a short canal, logs are run into it from that river, thus affording remarkable facilities for the steam saw mill, on the track of the railroad, near the inlet. Minerals. Limestone is found in limited quantities. Villages. On Israel's river and about one mile from the Connecticut, is located the large and pleas- ant village of Lancaster. The fine country which surrounds it, the excellent roads, and pleasant drives, together with the magnificent mountain scenery on every side, have rendered it very attractive as a summer resort, for the denizens of our large cities and villages. From the cupola of the Lancaster House nearly as fine a view of river, country, and mountain scenery can be obtained as in any other section of the State. The streets are wide and beautifully shaded, while the business blocks and pri- vate residences, betoken an air of neatness, so much admired by every lover of a village home. The river passes through nearly the center of the village, and is spanned by two substantial bridges, the one on Main street being a In its passage fine structure. through the village it furnishes some fine water power, which is There is generally improved. one paper mill, two saw mills capable of sawing 4,500,000 feet of lumber annually, one carriage factory, one of the largest grist-mills in the State, door, sash and blind factory, furniture shop, foundry, machine shop, tannery, starch mill, two printing offices, shoe shops, harness shops, blacksmith tailors &c. value of goods annually manufactured in the village, including meal and flour ground, is It is the estimated at $300,000. centre of a large mercantile trade. shops, The marble shop, total There are between twenty and thirty stores, of all kinds, with a There capital of over $200,000. are also one bank, two hotels, five church edifices, with another in process of erection, one large graded school house, academy, court house and jail, insurance, express, telegraph, and post offices, twelve lawyers, six physicians, two denThere are about three tists, &c. hundred dwelling houses and fifteen hundred inhabitants in the village. At South Lancaster there is a large steam saw mill doing an There are extensive business. four large potato starch mills in town, and an excellent fair ground and race course where annual fairs and races are held. Employments. The inhabitants in their vocation are about equal- �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 218 between agricultural on and manufacturing, mercantile trade and professional business on the other. 4,700 bushels ly divided one side, of corn, 2,300 bushels of wheat, 31, 000 bushels oats, 115,000 bushels potatoes, 68,000 lbs. butter, 27,000 maple sugar, and 5,833 tons of hay are annually produced; 115, lbs. 000 clapboards, 1,000,000 shingles and laths, and 8,500,000 feet of boards and dimension timber are annually sawed, valued at $ 139, 000 45,000 bushels of grain of all kinds, ground, valued at $ 60,000 350 tons of manilla and straw wrapping paper, valued at $42,000 ; 150 to 200 tons potato starch, worth from $ 15,000 to $ 30,000 carriages $ 20,000 sash and blinds, $ 6,000 furniture, $ 12,000 machine shop, $ 15,000 harness-making, $ 10,000, ; ; ; ; besides printing, foundry, boots and shoes, tin ware, marble work, and various other smaller shops. The value of goods of all annually manufactured is $ 403,200. (See tables.) Productions of the Resources. total kinds soil, $ 181,344; mechanical labor, $ 95,800 money at interest, $ 45, 450 deposits in savings bank, $ 10, 334 stock in trade, $ 200,000 professional business, S 80,000 from summer tourists, $ 10,000. Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. H. V. Emmons, pastor Baptist, Rev. Kilburn Holt, pastor; Methodist, Rev. Otis Cole, ; ; ; ; ; ; pastor; Unitarian, Rev. Clark, pastor ; Lyman Catholic, Father I. H. Noiseaux, priest. The foundation for an Episcopal church edifice is now (1873) being laid. There appropriated for school purposes, $ 3,181. There is quite a fund for public schools. The whole number of scholars in town is 563. Literary Institution. Lancaster Academy is a flourishing institution, and holds three terms a year. Libraries. Lancaster Puplic Library, 1,600 volumes; Judge W. Ladd's private library, 1,200 vols Hiram A. Fletcher Esq., 4,000 vols; Ossian Ray, Esq., 1,200 vols; Jacob Benton, Esq. 1,000 vols; Col. H. O. Kent, 1,000 vols. Bank. The County of Coos Savings Bank. (See tables.) Newspapers. The Coos Republican and the Independent Gazette. (See tables.) Hotels. Lancaster House and American House. Total number of arrivals, for the year, 6,000. There is a livery stable attached to each house. First Settlements. Lancaster was granted to Captain David Page and others, July 6, 1763. Mr. Page with his family, and in company with Edward Buckman and Emmons Stockwell, made the settlement, April 19, 1764. first The war of the revolution impeded the progress of the settlement for fear of Indian incursions. All but Stockwell left the settlement and fled for safety to older towns S. he determined to stay and risk the consequences. Many others were induced to return through his courageous example, but the town did not increase very rapidly having only 161 inhabitants in 1790. It originally called " Upper was are fifteen schools in town, three of which are graded; average length for the year, thirty-one Coos." From 1790 Lancaster has been advancing steadily in population and wealth, and is now one of the most important towns in tho weeks; annual amount of money State. �219 LANDAFF. Rev. Joseph First Minister. Willard installed in July, 1794 dismissed in 1822. Boundaries. North by Northumberland, east by Killkenney, south by Jefferson, Whitefield and Dal ton, and west by Guildhall and Area, 23,480 Lunenburg, Vt. area of improved land, 15, acres ; ; 394 acres. One hundred and Distances. miles north of Concord. (by railroad) thirty-seven this town in a northerly and south- erly direction. Grafton County. town farmers is are their labor. The soil of very fertile, and the well rewarded for There are many fine as Landaff. Rivers and Mountains. The wild passes from southeast to north-west, through the Amonoosuck southerly part of the town, and the Great Amonoosuck passes through the north-westerly extremity. These rivers afford some of the best water privileges to be found In the east part is Landaff Mountain, in the centre Cobble Hill, and in the west Bald in the county. which the are principal elevations. Veins of Magnetic Minerals. iron ore have been discovered in Cobble Hill. Employments. of the and 450,000 clap- 880,000 shingles, boards are annually produced. Also 344 tons of potato starch are annually manufactured, valued at $44,200 using 75,000 bushels of potatoes in its manufacture. Two hundred tons of lime is annually made, valued at $ 1,600 and 45,800 pounds of maple sugar manufactured. soil, $ 163,537 ; Productions of the mechanical labor, $18,100; stocks and money at in$26,150; deposits in savstock in trade, ings banks, $ 759 $ 16,350 professional business &c, terest, ; $ farms under a high state of cultivation, producing excellent crops of wheat, corn, oats, barley and potatoes. But one town in the county produces as many potatoes Hill, lumbering. boards &c, ; LANDAFF. this of feet Resources. Railroad. The White Mountain extension of the Boston, Concord & Montreal Railroad passes through and agriculture in 2,950,000 A inhabitants large portion are engaged 10,000. MethoChurches and Schools. Church, Rev. Joseph E. Robbins, pastor Union society at Landaff centre, Rev. Albert Gordon, pastor. There are ten schools in town average length for the year, seventeen weeks. Landaff was First Settlements. granted January 3, 1764, to James Avery and others, but the grantees failing to comply with the conditions of the charter, it was declared to be forfeited, and was then granted to Dartmouth College. After the revolution, on the ground that the adjudication of the forfeiture was irregular the original grantees set up their claims and several dist ; ; ' cases were finally the tried by the court, and claims of the grantees, were sustained. Boundaries. North by Lisbon, east by Lincoln, south by Benton, and west by Bath. Area, acres; improved land, 14,071 29,200 acres. miles north-west from Concord, and twelve north-east from Haverhill. Distances. Railroads. Ninety-five The White Moun- �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 220 tain (N. H.,) Railroad passes through this town, but the nearest station is at Lisbon, three and one town was named in honor of Governor Langdon, and was incorporated January 11, 1787. First half miles. Minister. A Congrega- Church was formed in 1792 Rev. Abner Kneeland, ordained in tional LANGDON. Sullivan County. Langdon is and high state of cultivation, producing dismissed in 1810. Boundaries. North by Charlestown, east by Acworth, south by Alstead and Walpole, and west by Walpole and Charlestown. Area, excellent crops of corn, oats, hay 9,891 acres. This town, for many years, &c. has been noted for its large, handsome cattle, and, in fact, everything pertaining to agriculture, bears strong marks that farming is not a secondary business with Distances. Fifty miles west from Concord and eighteen southwest from Newport. a small town, both The population. in territory soil is very pro- ductive, and many farms are under a the inhabitants. River. A considerable branch of Cold River passes in a southerly direction through this town, and unites with the main branch, near the south line. Employments. The inhabitants are principally engaged in farming, man which yields to the husband- a rich reward. In propor- Langdon the most wealthy farming town tion to the population, is in the State . 360,000 feet of boards are annually sawed. Productions of the f74,800; mechanical labor, $ 2,500 stocks and bonds, $ 6,700 money at interest, $22,626; deposResources. soil, ; its in savings banks, stock in trade, $ 3,500. $28,098; Churches and Schools. Congre- gational, Rev. Seth Hinkley, pas- tor ; Universalist, . There are Ave schools; average length for the year, twenty-one weeks. Library. The Union Library has about ninety volumes. First Settlers. Seth Walker, Nathaniel Rice and Jonathan Willard settled here in 1773. The 1805 ; Railroad. South Charlestown, on the Sullivan Railroad, distant three miles. Stage runs to Cold River depot, and Bellows Falls. LEBANOK. Grafton County. the largest Lebanon is and most important town in Grafton county, in point of wealth, manufactures and population, and ranks as the fifth town in the county in the value of its ag- ricultural products. It is situated on the Connecticut, and is the southern town in the county, on the river. The town is noted for the enterprising spirit of its inhabitants, and but few towns in the State, have made more rapid progress in its manufactures and population for the past ten years, having increased its population fully one thousand, and doubled its manufactured productions. The surface is broken with hills, which produce fine pasturage for cattle, sheep, and horses. Many of the hills, however, are capable of cultivation, and produce excellent crops of wheat, corn, potatoes and grass, while the fine intervals on the Connecticut and Mascomy yield abundant crops of corn, oatg �LEBANON. and grass. Some of the finest views of the Connecticut valley can be obtained from some of the farm fields in this town. Rivers. Besides the Connecticut, 221 goods manufactured Cole, Bugbee employs 35 is $700,000. & Co's machine shop, men ; annual pay roll, $20,000; value of production of water wheels, circular saw mills Martin $70,000. machine shop, manu- which washes and castings, it is Buck & its western borders, watered by the Mascomy River, which passes nearly through the centre of the town, in a westerly direction, and* affords some of the water power in the bounty. its source from Mascomy Lake, on the eastern border of the town. At the outlet of the lake, is a substantial dam, which regulates finest It has the supply of water, thereby mak- ing it a reliable stream to erect manufactories on. In its passage of eight miles from the lake to the Connecticut it falls nearly four hundred feet. At the Villages. comy lake, is Mas- outlet of situated the pleasant of East Lebanon. At this village is located W. O. Has- little village kell's establishment, for the ufacturing of school furniture man; also a mill for wood-working machinThere are several other small ery. shops, school house, post office, and twenty or thirty dwelling houses. About four miles from East Lebanon on the Mascomy, is situated the large manufacturing village of Lebanon. The river, in its descent through the village, (less than a mile) has a fall of over one hundred feet. In this village, is located the celebrated Sturtevant Manufacturing Company, for the manufacture of doors, sash, blinds, chamber furniture, and finishing for builders and contractors. It is the largest establishment of the kind in New-England. They em- ploy over 400 men and boys, who annually receive for their labor, $ 168,000, while the annual value of Co., planers, mortising chines &c. and employ 8 men ma- facture annual production, $25,000 .« Shepard ; Organ Company, employs 25 men, annual production, $42,000. Granagricultural works, annually manufacture 550 mowing machines, valued at $ 44,000. Mascomy Edge Tool Company annually make 2,300 dozen scythes, valued at $25,300. Goodrich & Baker, stair builders, and stair rails, products, $ 10,000. Shaw, Hurlburt & Co., grist mill, ite annually grind, 65,000 bushels grain all kinds, valued at $75,000. There are also manufactured, carof riages, $6,000; 3,500 dozen rakes, $7,000; 1,000 dozen snaths, $7,200; $5,000; soap, $5,000; besides boots and shoes, tailors, tin-workers, blacksmiths, house printing, carpenters, &c. of goods of all The total value kinds annually manufactured in this village, is estimated at over $ 1,100,000. There is a handsome common in the centre of the village, of an area of two acres, neatly laid out in walks, and beautifully shaded with the elm and maple. Around this common are located the principal business buildings and some very fine residences. At the north west corner of the common, on the opposite side of the street, the ground has been excavated for the purpose of laying the foundation for one of the largest hotels in the There are between thirty State. and forty stores, of all kinds, two hotels, four church edifices, three �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 222 school houses, twobanks,one newsoffice, telegraph and express office, insurance offices, four lawyers, six physicians, and two den- paper tists, besides various other profesThere are about Although Leba- Employments. non is considered one of the best farming towns in the State, still it has to be ranked as a manufacturing and mercantile town, as the and probusiness is more than double that of all the farm produc- sional businesses. receipts for labor, trade 400 dwelling houses, and 2,500 inhabitants. West from the village, fessional on a bluff, is to be located the new tions in town. The capital invest- cemetery. There are some beautiful dells in these grounds, and when they are laid out by the skillful hand of Kev. Mr. Downs, it ed in manufactories will be a lovely spot for the repose of the silent dead. There is (See tables.) Resources. new is $ 612,000. employing 591 males and 45 females, and annually producing goods to the value of $ 1,221,600. Productions of the $171,249; mechanical labor, $314,800; stocks and bonds, $77, high school building at an expense of $ 20,000. When all these new improvements are completed, the people of Lebanon can truly boast as having one of the pleasantest vil- stock in trade, $ 173,940 professional business, $95,000; from lages in the State. summer being built (1873) West Lebanon a village is situa- ted on the Connecticut, opposite White River Junction, and at the terminus of the Northern (N. H.) Railroad. It is one of the finest little villages in the State, and becoming quite a resort mer tourists, for is sum- being near one of the greatest railroad centres in New- England. A bridge over the Connecticut connects it with Hartford, Vt. There are five or six stores, of all varieties, one fine hotel, church, school house, grist-mill, lumber mill &c, and seventy-five dwelling houses. The street, running parallel with the Connecticut is handsomely shaded. On a hill back of the village, and overlooking the valley of the Connecticut and on to the green hills of Vermont, is located Tilden Female Seminary. No more lovely spot for an institution of this character can be found in this country. (See Literary Institutions.) soil, 900; money 592 at interest, $94,195; in savings deposits bank, $ 155, ; ; tourists, $ 2,000. Churches and Schools. 1st Congregational, Rev. Charles A. Downs, pastor; Methodist, Rev. Charles E. Hall, pastor; Baptist, Rev. H. F. Barnes, pastor Catholic, Rev. M. J. Goodwin, priest; Universalist, no pastor 2d Con; ; gregational, (at West Lebanon,) Rev. A. B. Rich, D. D., pastor; There is a Unitarian Society in town. There are twenty-two schools, seven of which am graded average length for me year, twenty-three weeks total amount annually appropriated for school purposes, value of $4,570.70; ; ; school houses, $30,000. Literary Female Tilden Institutions. Seminary, Prof. Hiram Orcutt, Principal. Rev. C. A. Cabinet. Lebanon Downs village has the variety of minerals (it is at largest said) of any cabinet in the State. Library. sociation. Lebanon Library As- �223 LEBANON Granite State Free H. Cheney, Editor. (See Newspaper. Press, E. tables.) Banks. National Bank of Lebanon, and Lebanon Savings Bank. (See tables.) Lafayette Hotel, HamHotels. ilton House. Southworth's Hotel, West Lebanon. There are five livery stables at horses, with and two Lebanon with 53 at West Lebanon the first Lebanon was granted by Gov. Benning Wentworth to William Dana, John Hanks, Daniel Blodgett, Samuel Penhallow, John Storrs and 58 othThe town was ers, July 4th, 1761. to be six miles square, and the conditions of the charter were that every grantee, for every fifty acres in his share, should plant and cultivate five acres within five years, and reserve all the pine trees fit for masting for the royal navy; that from a tract of land near the centre of the town, every grantee should have one acre as a town lot that if demanded, one ear of Indian corn should be paid as annual rent for the space of ten years the tirst rent to be paid Dec. 25, 1762. The Governor reserved five hundred acres for himself, as he did in all town grants he made. Gov. John ; his successor, disap- He was male child born. born July 11, 1766. Sarah Jones, born December 22d, 1764, was the Among first female child born. other early settlers were Oliver Davidson, Elijah Dewey, Jairus Jones, came who with their families, in the autumn of aniel Porter, Silas 18 horses. First Settlements. Wentworth, and Mrs. Downer the first white woman who spent a night in town. Thomas Waterman was family, Nath- 1763. Waterman and eleven others followed soon after. After the Revolution, and Vermont had petitioned to the government to be received into the an independent Confederacy, as State, many of the towns on this side of the Connecticut wished to There were sixteen of these towns, of which Lebanon was one, and so earnest were they in their opinions be united with Vermont. they refused to delegates send which formed the constitution of New-Hampshire. They received no encouragement from Congress, and, after their delegates had taken their seats in the Vermont Assembly, they wished their towns to be set off into a separate county this request was not granted, and they left the Thus ended Assembly the in disgust. first secession movement after the Revolution. The first settlers were principally pointed in not having these lands willed to him, set aside all the titles of these lands in the State, and granted them to the actual from Lebanon, Connecticut hence the present name. First Minister. Mr. Treadway upon them. Four persons viz., William Dana, Levi Hyde, Paul Estabrooks and one other, ed here a few months in 1766. A Congregational Church was esThe Rev. tablished in 1771. Isaiah Potter was ordained and settlers spent the second winter in this town, near the mouth of White river. William Downer with his wife and eight children came on July 11, 1763. This was the first : was the first minister, installed pastor, He who August preach- 25, 1772. died July 2d, 1817, having been pastor of the church forty -five years. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 224 North by Hanover, by Enfield, south by Plainfield and west by Hartford, Vermont. Area, 23,000 acres; area of improved land, 16,429 acres. Boundaries. east Distances. miles Sixty-four from Concord five miles south from Dartmouth College, and twenty-eight south from Haverhill. The Northern (N. Railroad. H.) railroad passes through this town, in an easterly and westerly direction. There are three stations in town, viz., East Lebanon, Lebanon, West Lebanon. north-west, by rail, The is soil hard, but by careful cultivation, is made very productive, and the farmers are well rewarded for their efforts &c. Rivers and Ponds. oats, bar- ley, It is well watered by Lamprey, Little, North and Oyster Rivers. These rivers furnish abundant water power. Oyster River has its source from Wheelwright Pond in the north part. This pond is the largest body of water in town, covering 165 acres. It is memorable on account of a battle fought on its shores, between a body of Indians and two companies of rangers, under Captains Floyd and Wiswell in 1690, Captain Wiswell and twelve men lost their lives in this engagement. Employments. Agriculture is the principal habitants. employment of the inThere are excellent clay beds here, for the manufacture of brick, which is carried on pretty extensively. 725,000 feet of boards, &c, and Resources. $ 63,895 soil, $ Productions of the mechanical labor, stocks and money at in$ 28,732 deposits in savings 10,000 terest, ; ; ; banks, $34,145; stock in trade, $9,555; from summer tourists, $2,000. Churches and Schools. gational church, Rev. J. Congre- W. Lees, Union church, Rev. A. G. Cumings, pastor, There are seven schools in town. Average length pastor; of schools for the year, nineteen weeks. Lee Sunday Hill School Library, 700 volumes. of Lee, in some portions, by good crops of corn, ; Libraries. LEE. Strafford County. are annually sawed 6,000 pairs of shoes, are annually manufactured. 160,000 shingles Lee was origDurham, and was First Settlements. inally a part of incorporated January 16, 1766. Rev. Samuel First Minister. Hutchins, settled in 1792. Boundaries. North by Barrington and Madbury, east by Durham, south by New Market and Epping, and west by Nottingham and Barrington. Area, 11,625 acres ; improved land, 8,993 acres. Thirty-one Distances. miles Concord and twelve south-west from Dover. Railroads. Four miles to NewMarket station. The Nashua and Rochester Railroad, to be completed in 1874, will pass through this south-east from town. LEMFSTER, Sullivan County. The surface of Lempster is broken and uneven, but the soil is fertile, and, by careful cultivation, is made to yield good crops of wheat, corn, oats, and potatoes. This town Rivers and Ponds. is well watered by numerous small streams. A branch of Su- �225 LINCOLN. gar River, and the south and -west branches of Cold River, afford conveniences for water machin- Sand Pond ery. town and lies partly in this partly in Marlow. It is Dodge 420 rods long and 70 wide. Pond, near the centre, covers about 50 acres, and, near the western boundary, is a pond 320 rods the town is long, and 80 wide, very pleasantly situated, and, on many some of elevations, its affords which attracts fine scenery, the attention of tourists, who annually visit here, to spend a few weeks in the summer. Employments. the principal Agriculture is of the &c, and 1,160,000 feet of boards, 100,000 shingles are annually saw- 200 dozen rakes are manufac- ed. tured, besides there is one wheel- and one harness shop. pounds of maple sugar are annually made. wright 20,000 Resources. Productions of the $50,910; mechanical labor, $ 12,600 stocks and money at indeposits in savterest, $ 10,225 ings banks, $21,456; stock in soil, ; ; trade, $3,600; from summer tour- $3,000. ists, Congre- Churches and Schools. gational Church, Rev. John he-, Methodist church, Rev. Geo. F. Wells, pastor; Uni- bosquet, pastor versalist, schools, ; There are Average length of . nine schools. for the year, nineteen weeks. Hotel. Forest House. Lempster First Settlements. was granted to Richard Sparrow and sixty-one others, October 5, Emigrants from Connecti1761. cut , A 1831. settled here in 1770. Elias Congregational church in November, 1761. Boundaries. North by Unity, east by Goshen and Washington, south by Marlow, and west by AcArea worth. Area 21,410 acres. of improved land, 11,359 acres. Forty-two miles Distances. west from Concord, and about nine south-east from Newport. Railroads. Nine miles, by daily stage, to Newport, on the Sugar The Windsor River Railroad. and Forest Line Railroad, if ever built, will pass through this town. L,INCOl,N. manufacturing carried on pretty extensively. is Rev. Minister. was organized empl^ment although people, First Fisher, ordained in 1787, died in Grafton County. Lincoln is one of the mountain towns in Northern New-Hampshire, and a great resort for visitors who are White the through traveling Mountain region. It is estimated that over eight thousand people come within its borders annually. The scenery, in and around the town, is grand and romantic in the extreme. The views obtained from the Flume House, are not surpassed by any hotels in the mountains. Directly in front is Mount Liberty, with the fancied resemblance to the profile of George Washington. On the north is the picturesque notch, on the south the whole valley of the Pemigewassett is brought to view with its pleasant intervals, and the towering hills on either side, the whole presenting views of nature rarely excelled in this The soil yields small country. owing to the early frosts town is subjected to. Rivers and Ponds. The middle crops, the branch of Pemigewassett River, having its source in Ferrin's pond, �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 226 in the south part of Franconia, town near the passes through this center. Bog, Fish, and Loon ponds are the principal bodies of water. The inhabitants are principally devoted to attend- ing to the wants of tourists who frequent the town in the summer. Not over one thousand acres of the land is improved. Resources. Productions of the mechanical labor, $6,878; $ 1,500; deposits in savings banks, soil, from summer tourists, $30,000. There is one school in average length for the year, twenty-two weeks. Hotels. Flume House, Tuttle House. First Organization. Lincoln was granted to James Avery, January 31, 1764. The first settlement is not known. Incorporated Schools. town and cultivated, prowhile the soil, on the intervals and uplands is strong and deep, affording many fine erly fertilized Employments. $480; in the value of its manufactured productions the sixth. The surface is uneven. The soil, on the plain land, is light.but, when prop- ; in 1764. North by Franconia, east by ungranted lands, south by Woodstock and west by LanBoundaries. Area, 32,456 acres. Dista?ices. Eighty miles north from Concord, and twenty east from Haverhill. Bail roads. Nearest Railroad daff. is Plymouth, by stage, twenty-two miles, on the Boston Concord and Montreal Railroad. When completed, the Bristol Branch and Montreal Railroads will pass through this town. station LISBON. Grafton County. Lisbon is one of the most important towns in the county, both in point of agriculture, and as a manufacturing town; ranking in agriculture as the fourth town in the county ; and duces fine crops ; farms, producing Excellent crops of wheat, oats, potatoes and hay. There are but two towns in the county which produce as many of wheat, and none as bushels many potatoes. River and Fond. Lower Ammonoosuc River runs in a south-west direction through the whole ex- Mink Pond tent of the town. in the southern part, and, at lies its some good water outlet, furnishes privileges. Blueberry Mountain Mountain. the highest elevation. is Iron ore, in large Minerals. quantities, is found in the south- eastern part. Most of the ore which supplied the Franconia furnace was mined in this locality. Gold, in a quartz form, is found in various localities in Lisbon and vicinity. There is now (1873) one quartz mill, for gold, in operation which meeting with good sucunder the supervision of Prof. J. H. Rae. There is other is cess. It is quartz in town which, when pulverized, makes an excellent fertilizer. It is " Stevens' called Mineral Fertilizer." Limestone, in considerable quantities, is found in various parts. The future prospects of Lisbon, in point of mineral wealth, look very flattering. On the Ammonoosuc, midway between Wells Riv- Villages. about er and Littleton, is located the busy manufacturing village of Lisbon. The B. C. & M. Railroad, �LISBON. passes the village, which affords it excellent railroad facilities. Here are establishments for the 227 tourists. their Over two hundred, spend summer vacation here. Employments. Agriculture is the employment of the peo- manufacture of carriages, (on an principal extensive scale,) potato starch, piano sounding-boards, boxes, kits, excelsior, bobbins, shoe pegs, and various other smaller shops, too numerous to mention. There are also one church, a fine school house, fifteen or twenty stores of various kinds, one hotel, express and telegraph office, post office, one lawyer, five physicians, two dentists, three insurance agents, ple, but, as and some other professional busiIt is a very pleasant village, and some of the business buildings and private residences, are fine ness. structures. Sugar Hill is a pretty, village on a commanding -eminence of the same name, in the eastern part of the town. Here is one church edifice, owned jointly by the Freewill Baptists and Adsituated ventists, a fine town hall, which is occupied for election purposes, by the town, on alternate years, (a similar hall located in Lisbon village, proper, being used half the time) a carriage, blacksmith, and shoe shop, a general store, one or two forty and some thirty or dwellings, with two or three groceries, summer boarding houses. Summer Resorts. The village can be seen, manufacturing and mercantile trade, is an important branch of business. 3,500 bushels of wheat, 26,000 bushels oats, 11 1,000 bushels of potatoes, 4,500 tons hay, 40,000 lbs. of but- cheese, and 30,000 maple sugar, are annually produced, There are also manuter, 12,000 lbs. lbs. factured, 200 tons of potato starch, valued at $ 23,000; 20,000 bushels shoe pegs, 100,000 rough bobbins, valued at $19,000; 38,000 bushels grain ground, valued at $55,000; 1,800,000 feet of lumber, of all kinds, valued at $21,900; besides carriages, piano sounding-boards, boxes, excelsior, Stevens' mineral fertilizer, quartz mills also blacksmith, shoe shop, tin shops, &c. The whole amount of goods annually manufactured, is estimated at $ 280,900. Productions of the Resources. soil, $194,017; mechanical labor, ; $61,000; money at interest, $57, 670; deposits in savings banks, $8,224; from stock in trade, $52,770; summer tourists, $8,000; professional business, $ 50,000. MethChurches and Schools. Rev. J. H. Brown, pastor; Freewill Baptist, Rev. John Chamberlin, pastor; Advent, (Su gar Hill) Rev. J. II. Shipman, pastor. There are eleven schools Average length of in town. schools for the year, seventeen weeks. Total amount of money annually appropriated for school odist, is surrounded by a farming community, which is unsurpassed by Northern New-Hampany in shire. It is but a short distance from the White Mountains and Franconia Hills; being but 15 miles to the Profile House, and 35 The to the Crawford House. beautiful scenery about town, and pleasant views and drives make it a desirable locality for summer M purposes, $ 1,996.64. Library. Lisbon Village Libra- ry Association, 1,000 volumes. Hotel. Ammonoosuc House. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 228 stocks and bonds, $ 21,20f Lisbon was First Settlements. granted to Joseph Burt and others, August 6, 1763, under the name of " Concord." November 20, 1768, it was again granted to Leonard $45,500 Whiting and others, under the name of "Gunthwait." Soon after, its former name was resumed, and One Churches and Schools. Presbyterian Church, valued at $8,000; There are four schools; average length for the year, thirty weeks. There is one private Library of over 400 volumes. First Settlement. This town was originally a part of Nashua, and called Natticutt or Brent* n\ F-<—i It was incorporated by Massachusetts in 1734, and chartered by New-Hampshire, June, 5, 1749. The first setlement was commenced in 1720. Hon. Wyseman Clag- retained until ceived its 1817, it re- Elder Josiah Minister. First when present name. Juimby was ordained in 1800. North by Littleton Boundaries. and Bethlehem, east by Franconia, south by Landaft", and west by Lyman. Area, 29,130 acres; area improved land, 17,417 acres. Twenty miles north- Distances. from Haverhill, and eightynine miles north from Concord. Boston, Concord & Railroads. Montreal Railroad passes, in a north-easterly and south-westerly direction through the town. east LITCHFIKID. Hillsborough County. Litch- a small but wealthy town, situated on the east side of Merrifield is mack The River. soil is rich, and very productive, the farmers receiving a good return for their labor, and a ready market, in Nashua or Manchester, for their sur- But few farming plus products. districts in the State offer more encouraging inducements, to the farmer, than this town. Employments. Farming is the employment of the principal habitants; the eighty in- men who own, or help to cultivate the soil, receive annually over six hundred dollars Aboul all each, for their 1,700,000, feet of labor. lumber, of kinds, are annually sawed. Productions of the Resources. soil, $ 46,527 ; mechanical labor, money its ; $ at interest, 10,400 ; depos in savings bank, $86,118; stoci $ in trade, tourists, ett, $ 10,595 ; from sumuiei 2,000. a native of England, came to this country before the Revolution, and died in this town. He held several important offices, under the crown, and was attorney-general under the provincial and State governments. Rev. Joseph First Ministers. Tufts, Congregational; ordained Rev. in 1741; dismissed in 1744. Samuel Cotton, ordained in 1765; Rev. Enoch dismissed in 1784. Pillsbury, settled in 1815; died in 1818. North and east by Boundaries. Londonderry, south by Hudson, and west by Merrimack River. Area, 7,426, acres. Twenty-eight miles Distances. south from Concord, ten south from Manchester, eight north from Nashua, and eight east from Amherst. Railroad. Concord and Nashua Railroad runs past Litchfield on the west side of the river. The railroad depot is reached at Thornton's Ferry one half mile from the centre of the town. �229 LITTLETON. LITTLETON. Grafton County. Littleton ranks in the State as the twentythird town, in wealth, and in population the fourteenth in the county in wealth and population, the second, and value of manufactures the third. In the value of its agricultural productions it ranks as ; of the White Mountains Railroad, in and through the village, it has taken rapid strides in all branches of business, and has now become one of the principal marts in the northern section of the State. The manufactures are various and valuable, consisting of woolen goods, foundry, machinery, furniture, and in sash and blinds, tin ware, lumber, leather, boots and shoes, steroscop- on the banks of the rivers are some very views, carriages, starch, washing machines, churns, scythes, photographing, printing, harnesses, and various other mechanical the fifth town in the State, the county as the second. The surface is uneven; excellent interval lands, and the soil, generally, through the town, is strong, and well adapted to til- lage or grazing, and produces the various kinds of grasses and other farm productions in abundance. Many ic works. and There are between thirty forty stores, of all kinds, banks, three high school churches, a two large large building, two two livery stables and one eating house. There are besides, seven lawyers, six physicians and of the farms indicate that the husbandman's labor is attended with good returns in the form hotels, of an excellent harvest and a year- dentists, ly increased value of his farm in- vestment. Hivcrs. also, telegraph, express, and various other ofand about three hundred It is an imdwelling houses. insurance fices, The Connecticut River washes the north-western border of the town, for nearly thirteen miles. Fifteen Mile Falls extend whole distance, running in foaming waves for miles together, the which renders impossible to ascend or descend, in safety, with boats. The river runs for this distance in a south-west direction. Ammonoosuc River passes through the southern part of the town, and it some fine water privileges, many of which are utilized. affords Mountains. Black, Iron, Parkand Eustace Mountains are er's considerable, and the principal elevations in town. portant point for visitors to or from the White Mountains, and, owing to its pleasant location among the hills, it has become a popular resort for tourists, and nearly five hundred spend a por tion of the summer months beautiful village, and its in this environs. But few villages can boast enterprise and business more than can be seen in of life Littleton. Many of the stores, in quality and value of goods, or in appearance, will compare favorably with some of the fine stores to be seen in Concord, Manchester, and other About four miles east from the Connecticut, and on the New-Hampshire cities. Its future prospects look quite as flattering as those of any of the growing Ammonoosuc river, is situated the large and enterprising village of towns in the State. The inhabitants Employments. Since the introduction are nearly equally divided in their Village. Littleton. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 230 vocations, with agriculture on one side and manufacturing, trade and professional business on the other. art- 1,100,000 yards of flannel annually manufactured 700,000 ; clapboards, 1,500,000 shingles, and 4,220,000 feet of boards and dimen- sion timber sawed, $5,000 worth of leather tanned, 300,000 stero- scopic views made, $ 12,000 worth of machinery, 1,500 dozen scythes, $4,000 worth of churns, 160 tons of starch, besides various other mechanical mentioned. works The heretofore total value Rand, 550 volumes; Wm. volumes; Charles Hartshorn, 500 volumes James J. Barrett, 500 volumes; Dr. H. L. Watson, 450 volumes; Dr. T. E. Sanger, 425 volumes; Rev. C. E. Milliken, 400 volumes; James R. Jackson, 400 volumes. Newspaper. White Mountain Republic, G. C. Furber, Editor and Proprietor. Hotels. Thayer's Hotel and Union House; arrivals the past season, 4,500; hotels valued at C. W. J. Bellows, 550 ; of kinds of goods annually manufactured is about $ 576,000. $32,500. all Banks. Littleton National Bank, and Littleton Savings Bank. Resources. Annual productions of the soil, $226,145; manufacturing labor, $ 98,000 carpenters, (See tables.) masons, &c, $ 18,000; stocks, &c, ton, $65,700; money at interest, $81, 920; deposits in savings banks, $13,876; stock in trade, $76,575; January 18, 1770, it was granted under the name of Apthorp, and included Dalton. In from summer November, 1784, it was divided and the towns of Littleton and Dalton incorporated. Capt. Nathan Caswell came to Littleton about 1774, and was the first permanent settler. ; $ 30,000 and tourists, professional business, trade transportation, $ 100,000. Churches and Congre- Scliools. gational Church, Rev. C. E. Milliken, pastor, tuernbers, 150, church value, $6,000; Methodist, Rev. George Beebe, pastor, members, 150, church value, $ 7,500 Freewill ; Rev. E. Gilford, pastor, members, 60, church value, $6,000. There are twenty-one schools in town, five of which are graded. Baptist, Average length of schools for the year, twenty weeks total amount ; annually appropriated for school purposes, $4,052.80; value of school-houses and school lots, $40, 000. There is a high schoo} which gives the scholars of this excellent school advantages. town In November, including Little- First Settlements. 1764, the territory was granted under the name of Chiswick. First Church. A Congregational Church was organized in 1803. Rev. Drury Fairbanks settled here in 1820. Boundaries. North-west by Concord and Waterford, Vermont, by Dalton, south-east by Bethlehem, and south-west by Lisbon, Lyman and Monroe. Total area, 36,000 acres area of improved lands, 17,637 acres. Distances. One hundred miles north-west from Concord, and thirty north from Haverhill. north-east ; Railroads. The White Moun- Prof. F. Hutchins, Principal. Libraries. Littleton Village tain Railroad passes through the Social The Library, 1,036 volumes; south-east portion of the town. inhabitants expect that the �LONDONDERRY. & Ogdensburgh Railroad, Portland , when eonrpleted, will pass through Littleton. $ 33,300 Rockingham County. There is waste land in this town. There are no hills, swamps, nor stagnant water of any extent. money at interest, and $15,700; deposits in savbanks, $145,614; stock in ings ists, but very ; stocks, $ 6,600 trade, LO>DONDEKRY. 231 $ ; from summer tour- $1,000; professional business, 12,000. and very easy of cultivation. But one town in the county excels it in Churches and Schools. PresbyRev. "William House, pastor; number of members, 150; Methodist, Rev. J. A. Steele, pastor number of members, 75 Baptist, Total church valua- the value of tion, The ucts. little soil is unusually productive, its agricultural prod- The farms are pleasantly lo- cated, on gentle swells, with inter- vening vales, which present a beautiful farm scenery, rarely excelled by any farming country in New-England. Located on a slight elevation, is a pleasant village and the center of considerable trade. Streams and Po?ids. The prinstream in town is Beaver River, having its source in Beaver Pond, a fine body of water, in the form of a circle, about three cipal hundred rods in diameter, and about one mile north-east from the village. Scoby's Upper, and Lower and Shield's Ponds, lie about three miles north-west from Beaver Pond. On the streams issuing from these ponds, are some valuameadows, producing excellent ble crops of grass, &c. Employments. The inhabitants are generally devoted to agriculture. Over 8,000 bushels of corn, and barley, and 3,000 tons of hay are annually produced also, over 200,000 quarts of milk are annually sold. Con5,000 bushels of oats ; siderable attention is paid to the manufacturing of sale boots and shoes; over 84,000 pairs are annually manufactured. Resources. Productions of the soil, $146,704; mechanical labor, terian, ; ; . $ 18,000. are eleven schools in average length for the year, twenty-two weeks. Amount of money annually appropriated for school purposes, $1,925.20; value of school houses, $ 5,750. Library. Londonderry Public Library, 150 volumes. Thex*e town ; First Settlers. Londonderry was one of the first settled towns in the State, and her sons and daughters, to-day, look back with pride upon their first forefathers, who were settlers of this the ancient and noble town. They were distinguished for their sobriety, industry, intelligent, prudent, and sound judgment, and natural ability. For a brief history of the first settlement, we can give none better than a few extracts from Hayward's Gazetteer. " Londonderry, which formerly included the present town of Derry, was settled in 1719, by a colony of Presbyterians, from the vicinity of the city of Londonderry, in the north of Ireland, to which place their ancestors had emigrated about a century before, from Scotland. They were a part of 120 chiefly from three parwho, with their religious families, ishes, instructors, land in the came to New-Engsummer of 1718. In �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 232 October, 1718, they applied to the James government of Massachusetts the grant of a township, and for II., A. D. 1688-9. He afterwards relinquished a military Hfe re- for the ceived assurance that a grant should be made them, when they should select a place, for its loAfter some time spent viewing the country, they se- cation. in comtown of Londonderry, lected the tract afterwards, prising the at first known by the name of clerical profession. He possessed a strong mind, marked by a considerable degree of eccentricity. He died January 25, 1735, and was borne to the grave;, at his particular request, by his former companions in arms, of whom was a considerable number there among the early settlers of this whom had been from taxes throughout the British Dominions, by King Nuffield. town, several of In 1719, sixteen families, accompanied by Rev. James McGregore, one of the clergymen who had emigrated from Ireland with them, took possession of the tract, and, made on the day of their arrival, attended religious services and a sermon under an oak on the east shore of Beaver Pond. The inhabitants of Londonderry, in 1720, purchased the Indian and, although title; it was long a frontier town, they were never molested by the Indians.* They introduced the culture of the potato, a vegetable known till then un- New-England, and the manufacture of linen cloth, which, though long since declined, was, for in many years, officer in the army, and distin- guished himself in the defense of city of Londonderry, when besieged by the army of King the * This land was conveyed to the Rev. John Wheelwright, May 10, 1629, by four Indian Sagamores. It was deeded to the inhabitants of Londonderry, by Col. John Wheelwright, grandson of the Rev. John Wheelwright, in 1720. William, for their bravery in that siege. A company of seventy men from this town, under the command of Capt. George Reid, were in the battle of Breed's Hill, and about the same number were in that at Bennington, in which Capt. David Mc Clary, one of their citizens, a distinguished and brave officer, was killed. Major General John Stark and Colonel George Reid, officers of the army of the Revolution, were natives of this town. Londonderry has produced many other memorable distinguished men. The town was incorporated June a considerable source of their early prosperity. A portion of this town, in 1828, was taken to form the pleasant town of Derry. Rev. Matthew Clark, second minister of Londonerry, was a native of Ireland, who had, in early life, been an free 21, 1722. North by Manchesand Auburn, east by Derry and Windham, south by Hudson and west by Litchfield. The origBoundaries. ter inal area of this acres ; but town was Windham, 64,000 parts of Manchester and Derry, have been taken off, and formed into separate towns, and its present area less than 25,000 acres. The area of improved land is 11,710 is acres. Twenty-four miles Concord, six southwest from Manchester and twentythree south-west from Exeter. Distances. south from �233 LOUDON. The Railroads. and Lawrence Manchester passes Railroad through the north-east section of 1870. the town. Merrimack County. soil, Loudon has an uneven surface which rises swells, Productions of the §186,307; mechanical labor, $8,000; stocks and money at interest, $ 43,440 deposits in savings banks, $94,347; stock in trade, Resources. LOUDON. in wealth and happiness, and the population has been gradually decreasing from 1638 in 1860, to 1282 in and affords excellent and grazing. It ranks as the third town in the county in the value of its agricultural products. There are some fine farms, under a ; tillage $6,300. Along high state of cultivation. the banks of the river are some CongreN. Stone, pastor Freewill Baptist, Rev. Mr. Brooks, pastor; Methodist, Rev. A. R. Lunt, pastor. There are fourteen schools, two of which are graded. Average length of schools for the (See year, twenty-three weeks fine interval lands. Soucook River, runRivers. ning in a south-easterly direction through the town, is the principal stream, and affords some very good water power which is im. proved to some extent. Employments. The inhabtiants are generally engaged in agriculture. But two towns in the county raise as many bushels of corn, and none as much wheat, or as many pounds of maple sugar. 35,000 pounds of butter are annually produced, 40,000 shingles, 565,000 feet of boards and dimension timber annually sawed, hubs, spokes and axe helves, $2,000; 1,800 bushels grain ground, and leathHaving Coner tanned $ 25,000. cord for a ready market for all the surplus productions, many of the farmers have become quite wealthy, and but few farming towns in the State have a more thrifty and prosperous appearance; but like many other NewHampshire farming towns, for many years their sons have been receiving that education which creates an uneasy feeling and a mistaken idea, that there are better fields in the West to secure more Churches and Schools. gational, Rev. B. tables.) Hotel. Mc Lellan First Settlement. House. The first set- tlement was commenced here in 1760, by Moses Ordway, Abraham It was and Jethro Batchelder. formerly a part of Canterbury, from which it was taken and incorporated under the name of Loudon, January First Minister. 23, 1773. A Congrega- was established in 1784; Rev. Jedediah Tucker was settled over the Church in 1789, tional society dismissed in 1809. by North-west Boundaries. Canterbury, north-east by Gilmanton, south-east by Pittsfield and Chichester, and south-west by ConArea cord. Area, 28,257 acres. of improved land, 19,180 acres. Distances. Ten miles north-east from Concord. Railroads. Six miles to Pitts- on Suncook Valley Railroad, and ten miles to Concord station. If the Concord and Rochfield station, is ever expected to pass through ester projected Railroad built, it is this town. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 234 EYIWAN. Grafton County. The of this town is station. LYME. Grafton County. higli cultivation. Ponds, River and Mountain. There are several ponds, through the largest of which flows Burnham's River. There is a considerelevation called Lyman's able Mountain. Employments. the general people. 16 uneven, but the generally good, producing fair crops of grain and grass. Many of the farms are well tilled, soil is and under Agriculture is employment of the 2,300 bushels wheat, 3,000 corn, 12,000 oats, from Concord, and north from Haverhill. Railroad. Five miles to Lisbon 102 miles north surface and 42,000 bush- The Con- necticut River washes the west- ern border of this town. The tervals are not as large as in in- many other towns, on the river, but the uplands are much better than they average, in the river towns. Lyme considered as one of the best farming towns in the Connecticut valley, in this State. It has been is many celebrated for years for its wheat and corn crops, and its numerous and superior flocks of sheep. It is excelled by no town in the State in its number, and value of sheep. Considerable annually proThere are two potato duced. starch mills annually manufacturing 84 tons starch, valued at $8, 400; 350,000 feet boards sawed, besides cooper and other small mechanical shops. Resources. Productions of the mechanical labor, soil, $ 109,430 attention has been given by the inhabitants to the agricultural interest of the town, for a few years past, with decided effects for the $ 6,200 money better. els of potatoes are ; $ 15,500 in savings bank, § 251 ; deposits at interest, stock in trade, $ 3.870. Churches and Schools. Union, Rev. A. R. Russell, pastor. There are seven schools in town. Aver- age length of schools for the year, twenty weeks. First Settlements. The western portion of Lyman was disannexed and the town of Monroe constituted July 13,1854. ed November persons, Lyman 10, It was grant- 1761, to several among whom Daniel was conspicuous, and from him the township received its name. Boundaries. North by Littleton, east by Lisbon, south by Bath, and west by Monroe. Area of improved land, 10,363 acres. Distances. By cars from Lisbon, large There are two small Villages. villages; the principal village pleasantly situated, and for the neatness is is noted and order which generally prevail. Streams and Ponds. There are three small streams passing through the town and discharging into the Connecticut. There are two small ponds, the largest of which is call- ed Port's Pond. Elevations. elevations, the of which is There are several most considerable called Smart's Moun- tain. Minerals. Beds of lime-stone, of the granular crystaline variety, with which are large quantities of garnet, with crystals of hornblende are found in several localities. A very curious mixture of granular �LYNDEBOROUGH. quartz with carbonate of lime has been discovered, and is valued highly for the manufacture of plate Specimens of or window glass. black tourmaline have been found in different parts; some of the specimens are very handsome. Employments. The inhabitants are principally engaged in agriculture. Over 9,000 sheep are kept; 11,000 bushels of corn and 3,000 bushels of wheat, are annually produced; and 20,000 lbs. of maple sugar, arc made. 130,000 shingles, 1,400,000, feet of boards, &c, and 50 tons of potato starch, are annually One manufactured. mill, valued at $ 6,000, grist- annually grinds 14,000 bushels of grain, val- ued at $ 16,000. Agricultural prod- Resources. mechanical labor, 8 10,300 stocks and bonds, $ 3,785 money at interest, § 43,500 deposits in savings bank, $ 34,082 stock in trade, 8 21,425 from summer tourists, $ 1,000. Churches and Schools. Congregational Church, 282 members, Rev. Henry A. Hazen, pastor in 1870; Baptist, Rev. L. M. Wheeler, pastor. There are fourteen districts, and fifteen schools average length for the year, twenty weeks. Library. Lyme Social Library has 2,800 volumes. ucts, $ 199,204 ; ; ; ; ; Hotel. " Kent's Hotel." Walter Fairfield, John and William Sloan, and othFirst Settlers. ers settled here in 1764. Incorporated July 8, 1761, and granted to Theodore Atkinson. First Minister. Rev. William Connat, Congregational, settled in 1783; died in 1810. Boundaries. North by Orford, east by Dorchester, south by Hanover, and west by Thetford, Ver- 235 mont. Area, 28,500 acres; of improved land, 18,266. acres miles Fifty-four Distances. north-west from Concord, and twenty south from Haverhill. Railroad. No Railroad passes through this town, but it is well connected by stages four times daily with the railway at West Thetford Depot. LYNDEBOROUGH, Hillsborough County. The Lyndeborough is elevated. The soil is deep and strong. The pasturage is unequaled by any town in the county. Mountain and Streams. Centre Mountain of considerable hight, divides the town from east to west. situation of The streams are small, originating mostly from springs within the On town. mountain the plain below the in the north-east part, is a very pleasant (though small) village, situated on the banks of Piscataquoag River. Employments. The inhabitants are generally engaged in farming. About 10,000 clapboards, 240,000 shingles and 625.000 feet of boards &c., are annually sawed. The Lyndeborough Glass Company, obtown from which are made, fruit jars and all kinds of glass bottles. 50 hands are employed. tain their quartz rock in this Resources. prodmechanical labor, stocks and money at inAgricultural ucts $113,484; $ 26,000 $ 7,850 ; deposits in savings bank, $29,879; stock in trade, $15, terest, ; from summer tourists, $ 2,500. Summer Resorts. The elevated 075 ; position of this town, has caused many lovers of New-Hampshire scenery, to spend their vacation here. summer �236 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. Churches and Schools. CongreGeorge Smith, pastor; Baptist. Rev. E. J. Whittemore, pastor. There are ten public schools average length for the year, sixteen weeks. Libraries. There are two public libraries, " Franklin" Library, 500 volumes South Lyndeborough Library, 300 volumes. First Settlements. This town was granted by Massachusetts to Captain Samuel King and fifty-nine gational, Rev. ; ; others, who were engaged in the Canada expedition in 1690. was called " Salem Canada," the reason that many of those It for who belonged to the expedition were Salem. Benjamin Lynde, Esq., purchased a large portion of the township and adjoining lands, from in 1753, and name from it received its present him. It was incorpor- ated April 23. 1764. The names of the earliest settlers were, Put- nam, Chamberlain and Cram. First Ministers. Rev. John Rand, (Congregational) settled in 1757, dismissed in 1763; Rev. Se- Lyndeborough, when completed in the fall of 1873. MADBritV. Strafford County. face The sur- generally even and the soil productive. In the valleys it consists of a portion of clay, on the uplands, a mixture of sand and is loam. Much of this land lent for hay, of is excel- which large ciop are annually produced. Streams and Pond. extreme Its southeasterly point extends to the tide-water, on or near the Piscata- Bellamy Bank River, coming from Barrington and passing through the northeasterly part of Madbury, is the only stream of note; and Barbadoes Pond is the principal body of water. qua. Minerals. Bog iron ore, and red and yellow ochre, in considerable quantities, are found in several localities. Employments. The people are almost exclusively devoted to agriculture. Dover, three miles distant, affords an excellent market wall Goodrich, settled in 1768, died in 1809. Boundaries. North by Green- for the disposal of their surplus productions. Francestown and New-Boston, east by Mount Vernon and Milford, south by Milford, Wilton and Temple, and west by Temple and Greenfield. Area, 20,760 tions, $50,980; stocks and money at interest, $14,746; deposits in field, acres. Dista?ioes. miles eighteen Thirty-five south from Concord, north-west from Nashua, twenty south-west from Manchester, and ten north of west from Amherst. Railroads. Three and one half miles to Wilton depot. A daily stage connects the railroad with this town. The Peterborough and Wilton Railroad will pass through Resources. Agricultural produc- savings banks, $ 60,593. Churches and Schools. gational, Rev. M. Congre Leese, pastor. There are four schools, of which only one averages twelve scholars through the year. Average length of schools through the year, nineteen weeks. First Settlement. Madbury was originally a part of Dover, and its connected with the history of that ancient town. It was incorporated May 31, 1775, and at that date contained a popuearly history is �MADISON lation of 677. In —MANCHESTER. had 408 1870, it 237 are generally engaged in agricul- There is considerable manufacturing and trade in town, be- ture. inhabitants. Rev. Samuel Hyde commenced preaching in 1758, and remained till 1770 Rev. Eliphaz Chapman preached from First Ministers. ; mining sides the There interest. are about 12,000 pairs of shoes annually manufactured, and clothing 1771 to 1773. to the value of Boundaries. This is a small, triangular-shaped town, and is bounded north-east by Dover, south-west by Durham and Lee, and northwest by Barrington. Area, 7,600 $ 20,000, made. (See tables.) Resources. acres ; improved land, 4,600 acres. miles Thirty -six north-east from Concord, and three south from Dover. Railroad. Boston and Maine Railroad passes through the eastern part of the town in a northerly and southerly direction. Distances. MADISON. Carroll County. The . surface uneven, but the soil is generally good, producing fine crops of corn, is oats and potatoes. Pond. Six-Mile Pond principal body of water. is the It is four miles long and about one mile wide. Its waters flow into Ossipee Lake. Minerals. There is a zinc and lead mine, and a lead and silver mine in this town. The Carroll County Lead and Zinc Mining Company1 were extensively working these mines in 1870. date, the At that company employed twen- ty-two men. Eleven men were in mine and eleven were above ground. The depth of tunnel is seventy feet. The annual amount the of product, 23,475 grains of silver, 1094 tons lead, and 3273 tons zinc, valued at $ 46,360. For some reahave ceased son, their operations for the present. Employments. The inhabitants ucts, is Agricultural prod$78,478; mechanical labor, $ 30,800 money ; at interest, $ 2, banks, $13,447; stock in trade, 85,613; 424; deposits from summer Summer quite a in savings $ 10,000. Madison tourists, Resort. resort for all is lovers of New-Hampshire summer scenery. There are about five hundred visitors, who spend a part Or the whole of their vacation in this town. Freewill Churches and ScJwols. Baptist Church, Elder A. C. Peasley, pastor. There are nine schools. Average length of schools for the year, eighteen weeks. Churchill House, and Hotels. Madison House. Town Organization. Madwas taken from the western portion of Eaton, and incorporated as a town, December 17, 1852. First ison Boundaries. east by North by Albany, Conway and Eaton, south by Freedom, and west by Tarnworth and Albany. Acres of improved land, 6,232. Distances. miles Sixty-four from Concord, twenty north from Ossipee. north-east Railroad. Falls and through Portsmouth, Conway Railroad this and Great passes town. MANCHESTER. Hillsborough County. A city, and part shire town of the county. But few towns in New-England or �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 238 in this nation, have made such rapid progress in population, manufacturing and wealth, for the past as Manchester. It value of cotton and cloths manufactured, as thirty years, i*anks, in woolen its the fourth city in the United States, New-Hampshire. Forty years ago, where the city now stands, there was but a hamlet, and the only noise to break the stillness of the quiet, was the waters of the Merrimack, as they thundered over the falls, and for ages had been waiting to assist and as the man to drama first in do its part in the great of creation's work ; is now a great city of nearly thirty thousand people, and the busy hum of life is heard through the buzz of its 200,000 spindles, the clatter of and the bustle of business through its crowded streets, from morn till night. Unlike Lowell, Lawrence, and many its 5,000 looms, other cities in the vicinity of Bos- enough away from that commercial metropolis, as ton, it is far not to destroy and there ton, is its no mercantile trade, city outside of Bos- Providence and Worcester, in the eastern section of land, New-Eng- which shows the business life in the streets, like Manchester. The surface is generally level, but the soil of a considerable part of the town is light and sandy. The intervals on the river are limited, but of easy cultivation, and fertile, while the swells afford many excellent farms, under high of the State. It acres has an area of hundred twenty-three —about and fifty twenty-five miles in circumference and is divided into ; two equal parts by a narrow strait crossed by a bridge. Each of these is about three miles in length by one mile in width. Lying with- parts in four miles of the city proper, it has become quite a public resort The Massabesic for pleasure. House, on the shore of the lake, is a fine hotel, and receives a good share of the public patronage. Rivers and Streams. The Mei rimack River passes along the western part of the city Amos- ; keag Falls river. the largest on the is In the ordinary stage of fall to the foot of the water, the the locks the whole mile is forty-seven feet and fall in the space of a is fifty-four feet. One of the most substantial stone dams on the river is built at the head of these falls, capable, at the average flow of water, to turn the whole river into a spacious basin connect- ed with the upper canal, for the use of the mills. The Amoskeag, or lower canal, was first constructed for navigation around the falls, and was connected with the Middlesex in 1816, and at that date was the most expensive canal in New-England, with the fexception of the Middlesex. The Hon. Samuel Blodgett, who died here many years ago, was the founder of this canal and expended a large fortune in its construction without — handsome sheet of water, with many islands, and presenting some reaping any benefit therefrom his death occuring about the time of He was a man of its completion. intelligence and enterprise and a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, soon after the Revolution. of the finest scenery in this section The upper canal cultivation. Lake. Massabesic Lake, in the eastern portion, towards Auburn, lies partly in this town. It is a is 4,950 feet long, �MANCHESTER. 239 forty -five feet wide, ten feet deep Merrimack River, and it falls walled throughout with stone. The lower canal is 7,500 feet in length, and corresponding in its other dimensions with the upper. The fall from the upper to the lower canal, is twenty feet. The water power, secured hy the dam and two canals, is estimated to be is sufficient to drive nearly 250,000 and belongs to the Amoskeag Mill and water- power company. These falls were the respindles, sort of the Indians in the season, to secure fish for their year's supply. would Tribes congregate many miles around, and catch and dry the fish, there appearing to be no end to the supply. The early settlers followed here, for in the tracks of the Indians, this respect, for would many years. in Par- come with teams freighted with salt and barrels, fifty miles distant, and camp out, and catch and salt down Salmon, Shad, Alewives, Eels and other ties kinds of them the year. sport, and the fishing season, at fish, sufficient to It was last rare " Skeag," was looked forward to with pleasure by the settlers, for many weeks, before the time arrived. Dams and other obstructions have destroyed the whole run offish, which swarmed the river from the ocean to its source in the White Mountain streams. Piscataquoag River has its rise in Francestown. Weare, Dunbarand New-Boston, passes ton through Goflfstown and joins the Merrimack at the south-west part of the town. There is some valuable water power near its mouth. Cohas or Massabesic River is the outlet of Massabesic Lake. In the short passage of three miles to at GofFs Falls, over one hundred and twen- Near the Merrimack a fine water power which ty-five feet. there is is improved. There are several brooks in various sections of the town. The city proper of ManCity. chester is located on the east side of the Merrimack and near the Amoskeag Falls. But few cities can boast of more rapid growth, enterprise, and general intelliThe Amosgence of its people. keag Manufacturing Company was incorporated in 1831; and purchased all the land around the falls on the east side, and now where the city stands, including the valley cemetery. They now own nearly all the land to within one hundred feet of the west side of Elm street, and own and maintain all those streets on the west side of Elm, running towards the canal. is the largest, and most powerful corporation in the State, and while it has always looked at the main chance (or their own interest,) it has always The Amoskeag looked at the best interest of the city. For (what is termed) a soul-less institution, it has been very liberal in its donations. They gave the land for the Valley Cemetery, and many other lots in various other sections. In 1837, went into operation, and from that date commenced the growth of the town which had their first mill increased in 1840 to 3,235 inhabiThe streets are regularly laid out, and, in various sections of the city, public lawns were reservtants. ed which have been laid out into walks and planted with shade trees. Some of them have beautiful artificial ponds. These parks �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 240 add much beauty to the city, and the streets around them, and are desirable locations for private residences. Many of the public and private buildings are handsome and expensive structures. Some private residences, including grounds, have cost nearly $ 100, 000. There are fourteen church edifices, between thirty and forty halls, eighteen eight hotels, court house, city hall, public library, two daily, two weekly, and one monthly newspapers, eight banks, one hundred and school-houses, factories fifty and mechanical shops, of all kinds, thirty-six lawyers, ten insurance agents, thirty- four physicians, six dentists, (in and 3,286 dwelling houses, 1870) but at the present time (January, In 1874,) it is estimated at 4,000. 1870, ward one had 419 dwellings and 4,080 inhabitants; ward two, 253 dwellings, ward three, inhabitants; 2460 768 dwellings and 4,296 inhabitants; ward four, 615, lings, 4,073 inhabitants; dwel- ward five, ter, more generally respected is and beloved by the whole community than Mr. Wallace. House erected in 1839; value $ 6,500. Franklin Street Congregational, Rev. William J. Tucker, pastor; church organized in 1844, as the Second Congregational "Society. House valued at $ 11,000. First Baptist, Rev. A. C. Gi'aves, pastor church value, $ 60,000 organ; ; Merrimack ized in 1839. Baptist, Rev. Sherwin, pastor; church value $ 7,000. First Freewill Baptist, , $ 20,000. in 1850 tine's, Catholic, ward seven, 237 dweland ward habitants; lings, 1,662 inhabitants; eight, 100 dwellings, 541 inhabi- tants. Churches. First Methodist Epis- W. Taylor, 1829; house copal Church. Rev. C. organized pastor; erected 1830. St. Paul, Methodist Episcopal, Rev. James Pike, pastor $ ; Demar ; cost Augus- St. Rev. J. A. Cheva- House erected in 1872 $ 45,000. St. Joseph's, Catholic, Rev. John O'Brien, priest; House erected in 1869. at an expense of $70,000. The church property of Manchester is estimated to be worth $ 270, lier, priest ; cost 000; the three catholic churches 1840, value, owning nearly one half. Some of them are the finest and most ex- Universalist, Rev. G. S. pensive structures, of the kind, in church erected in 16.000. or- 1839. ward dwellings, 3,300 in- pastor; Pine Street Freewill Baptist, Rev. N". L. Rowell, pastor; organized in 1859. Unitarian, Rev. C. B. Ferry, pastor; organized in 1840. Grace Church, Episcopal, Rev. Lorenzo Sears, rector; organized in 1841. Christian, worship at City Hall, Rev. Elisha H. Wright, pastor. Advent, worship at Martin's Hall, Rev. Caleb Richardson, pastor; St. Anne's, Catholic, Rev. William McDonald, priest; House erected ganized in 338 dwellings, 3,170 inhabitants; six, 556 Street A church dedicated February, 1840, value $ 11,000. 1st Congregational. Rev. Cyrus W. Wallace was pastor of this church the State. nearly thirty years. He resigned his charge in 1873. No man who has grown up with Manches- age length for the year, for ••-!", pastor; Schools. The whole number of schools in the city is forty-five, of which thirty-six are graded aver; weeks ; total forty amount of money annually appropriated for school �THE ��241 MANCHESTER. eneum was purposes $44,683.51; or $ 12.76 to each scholar in the city. The estimated value of school houses and There are 1700 lots is $220,000. male, and 1800 female children enrolled as scholars attending the public schools, and there are 500 children between the ages of four and fourteen years who do not at- January 28, 1846, the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company generously gave $ 1,000 for the purchase March 24, of the same of books year, the Stark Mills gave $ 500, thing wrong somewhere to allow one-eighth of the children to be brought up in ignorance, which if allowed to continue will be sure to ; for the appropriates more its In 1850, the library continually increased for nearly ten years. In 1854 the Manchester City Li- for school purposes in pro- portion to same purpose. Manchester Print Works gave $ 500, for the same object. There were many donations made by members of the Association, and breed vice and misery in any comNo city in New-Engmunity. land makes better provisions for and 1844, soon made. part of the year are very specific. It is evident that there is some- schools in of books Avasmade in March 1840, of six hundred and eighty-three volumes to which additions were New-Hamptend any school. shire laws, obliging parents or guardians of children, at certain ages, to send them to school a money established mainly through the exertions of Hon. Samuel D. Bell, Hon. Daniel Clark, Hon. Herman Foster, lion. Moody Currier, and other prominent citizens, with the design of founding a library, reading-room, and museum. The first purchase wealth and popula- In was incorporated, and brary through Hon. Frederick Smyth the Mayor of the city, arrangements mon- were made with the Atheneum ey appropriated for school purThe principoses was $3,100, pal school houses are, High School, on Beech Street; Training School, Franklin Street; Merrimack Lincoln Street Grammar School Spring Street Grammar School PiscataStreet Grammar School quoag Grammar School and Am- Association together with the consent of the principal donors, to transfer their library to form the tion than Manchester, but if the children are not made to attend, it is money and labor total amount lost. of 1814, the basis of a free city library. ; ; ; ; oskeag Grammar School. Joseph G. Edgerly is Superintendent of public instruction, William W. Colburn principal of the High School, and Daniel A. Clifford, Benjamin F. nually for the increase of the library, besides paying incidental expenses &c. Grammar Library. Dame, William E. schools. The Manchester Ath- February Patten's building in Buck, Allen A. Bennett, and Charles F. Morrill, principals of the Sep- tember 6, 1854, the transfer was made, and the Manchester City Library was established, with 2,956 volumes. There was a provision in the contract that no less than $ 1,000 should be appropriated an- i 5, 1856, which the Liwas destroyed brary was located, by fire, and all, save 596 volumes, were burned. The number of volumes in the library at the time of its destruction, was not less than �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 242 A new 5,446. building has been Amoskeag, House and Stearns built expressly for the library at Ilazeltine House. an expense of $ The Ilazeltine House was opened in 1872, and built at an expense of $ 100,000. The Stearns House is a new and a fine four story build- The being the kind in the 30,000, finest structure of the now eonnas a fund of $ 5,000, the interest of which is to be expended for the purchase of books. In looking State. tains 17,300 library volumes. down through with It the vista of the fu- present provisions magnitude of this library, fifty years hence, can readily be imagined, if nothing befalls The present officers are John it. P. Newell, President; Samuel N. ture, its for increase, the Bell, Treasurer; and C. II. Mar- ing, handsomely furnished, and arranged. City Hotel has been built over twenty years and still holds its rank with good ho- well The Manchester House was when Manchester was considered only a tels. built over thirty years ago, growing village. It has always been under the control of Mr. William Shepard, and has, in the various changes in the city, in erecting new more modern shall, Librarian. hotels of Manchester Mirror and American, daily; Manchester Mirror and Farmer, weekly; Manchester Daily Union; The Union Democrat, weekly, and ure, received New-Hampshire Journal of Music, houses. monthly. respectable Newspapers. Among (See tables.). sonic of the early papers which were published prior to 1844, were the Manchester Democrat, by William II. Kimb.Jl, and Joseph Kidder. Iris & Literary Souvenir by S. II. NT. B. Everett; Weekly Advertiser, by Isaac Kinsman Manchester Gleaner, by John Caldwell. Amoskeag National; Banks. Manchester NaFirst National ional and City National capital Amoskeag Savstock $000,000. ; ; Bank Manchester Savings Bank City Savings Bank, and Merrimack River Savings Bank. Total amount of deposits $ 7,541, 044.52 and more than twenty five ings ; ; per cent of all deposits in the sav- ings banks of the State. The Manchestev House, City Hotel, Webster House, Merrimack House, Tremont House, Hotels. architect- maintained the position of being a first-class house, and always its full share of public patronage. The four last named hotels are considered first class The other hotels are good, houses and are well patronized. City Hall Hulls. the corner It streets. is located on of Elm and Market was built in the season of 1845, at an expense, including the clock, of $35,000. When it was erected it was considered the building of the kind in the finest State ; but the rapid change in antique it an architecture gives appearance, and many prominent citizens are talking of a new City Hall in keeping with the growth and wealth of their city. The Old Town Hall was built on the same ground in 1841, costing $ 17,000. It was destroyed in 1844 and the City Hall took its place. Brown's. Merchant's Exchange, Faneuil, Grand Army, Granite, Music, Kennard's, Merrimack, Smyth's and Town's Hall on Elm �243 MANCHESTER. Masonic, Globe, Street; Odd Fellow's and Pytheon on Hanover Street, and Lafayette and Lyceum Halls on Merrimack Street, are the principal halls in the city. Symth's one of the largest in the Music Hall is a very handsome room. Squares and Parks. Concord, Hanover, Merrimack, Tremont and Hall is State ; Park, are They are the all city proper, principal parks. located within the and offer a pleasant retreat in warm weather for the people to secure healthy recrea- tion, and pure air. Cemeteries. There are many cemeteries in Manchester, the most important of which will be briefly mentioned. Cemetery. The grounds cemetery were generously donated by the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, the deed bearing date, January 25, 1840, and conveying nineteen and sevValley for this en-tenths acres, pleasantly located on Mill Brook, and bounded north by Auburn Street, east by Pine Street, south by Valley Street, and west by Willow Street. There were certain provisions in the deed, debarring the use of money obtained for the sale of lots, for any other purpose than to benefit and beautify the grounds. The grounds Cemetery was located in the south part of Meeting house lot in 1759. It was much used till 1840. Forest Cemetery was located near the south-west corner of ancient Chester, and was used as early as 1735, A dense forest has now grown up over the graves. There are, on the west side of the Merrimack, Piscataquoag, Amoskeag, and the Catholic cemetery. All tre these grounds are pleasantly located and are capable of being made pleasant resting places for the dead. . Masonic. Trinity Commandery No. 1; Adoniram Council, No. 3; Mount Iloreb Royal Arch Chapter, No. 11; Lafayette Lodge, No. 41; Washington Lodge, No. 61. Granite Knights of Pythias. Lodge, No. 3; Merrimack Lodge, No. /. set 4. WonolanWildey 0. of Odd Fellows. Encampment, No. Lodge, No. Lodge, No. 2; 2; Hillsborough Mechanics' Lodge, 45; No. 13; Mount Washington Encampment, No.' 16; Odd Fellows Mutual Relief Association. Odd Fellows Building on Hanover Street, is one of the finest edifices in the city. The Order owns the building, and rents the lower story. Independent Order of Good TemStark Lodge, No. 4; Merrimack Lodge, No. 44 St. Paul's, Total Abstinence Mutual Benefit are laid out with much care and taste, and the brook which is clear and meandering in its course through the grounds, adds much beauty to this lovely spot, the home of the dead, and the retreat plars. Nearly all the lots have been sold, and another purchase has been made, of forty acres, and owing to the growth of Pine which covers this lot, it is called Pine Grove Cemetery. Cen- Hampshire of the mourner. ; Union Degree Temple, Society. No. 20. Tornverian. Military. First Regiment New- Volunteer Militia, Headquarters, Grand Army Hall. Amoskeag Veterans, Armory, organized in 1854, Head Guards, Armory in Lafayette Hall, organized in 1865. Sheri- Town's block ; �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 244 Armory Muse- Quint's, organized in 1865. Armory Manchester Veterans, in G. A. R. Hall organized 1870. Clark Guards, Armory, Granite Block, organized in 1867. German Brass Band rooms in Mer- Smith's, dan Guards, um building, in ; ; chants' Exchange. Mercantile Trade. The trade of The is extensive. city affords a market for a good farming country from eight to fif- Manchester teen miles around it, having a population of about 15,000 inhabitants consequently many of these farmers do their trading where Elm they market their produce. is the principal street where the mercantile houses are located, although trade is increasing on many of the streets which are connected with Elm Street. There are about four hundred and fifty stores and shops for trade, of all kinds, many of which do a large — Elm business. Street straight, is one hundred feet wide, aud paved with square blocks of granite, while the side walks are wide and paved with brick or conFor over one mile this crete. street is lined with large, mercanabout tile blocks, and, for that distance, there of is the no street in same New England, length, outside of Boston, that can show ness life, with streets more teams and pedestrians, all their various busi- with busy in filled vocations. Some of the most important blocks are Bradford's, Burge's, Blodgett's, Brown's, Central, Connor's, Emeral, Ferris's, Johnson's, Kennard's, Kidder's, Lincoln, Marshal's, Mu- seum, Martin, McHugh's, Mercantile, Merchant's, Exchange, Merrimack, Methodist Church," Music Hall, Parsons', Bell's, Paddle's, Sanborn's, Smyth's, Stark, Towne's, Union, Weeks', and Wells' blocks, are all on Elm Street; Calley's, Globe, Johnson's, Masonic, Odd Fellows', and Post Office blocks, on Hanover Street, and many other mercantile buildings too numerous, to mention. There are several large jobbing houses, dealing in flour, and corn. The capital invested in trade is estimated at $ 1,813,200. Manufactories. The manufacturing business is very extensive and important, being nearly equal of Concord, Dover, and Nashua, combined. The largest and most important is, first, the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company. This company was incorporated in 1831, with a capital of $ 3,000,000. The business is divided to that into three departments, viz. first, land and water power; second, manufacturing cotton goods, and third, machine and repair shop. They own all the land and all the water power used and occupied This by all the mills and shops. land and power they rent to the other mills at very low rates, the whole amounting to less than Their cotton $40,000 annually. manufactories are the largest in the State, consisting of five large mills. The first went into operation in 1837. The machine shops manufacture machinery for cotton and woolen mills, steam fire engines, &c. There is a large founproducing dery shop various They now ankinds of castings. nually employ in their various manufactories, at the rate of 1,200 males and 1,800 females and children, with an annual pay roll of S 1,110,000, and annually produc- ing 24,000,000 yards, consisting of ��THE �MANCHESTER. denims, tickings, and sheetings, valued at § 4,105,000; 70 steam fire and various engines, castings kinds of machinery, to the value 1,269,000, making the total production $ 5,43 1,000. Hon. Ezekiel A. Straw has the management of § business, large this by assisted competent men. Manchester Print Works, incorporated in 1839 as the Manchester Mills. In 1847, its charter was changed to Merrimack Mills, and again in 1851, to Manchester Print Works, with a capital of § 1,800, 000. In 1853 a part of their Avorks was destroyed by fire, inflicting a It was soon reloss of § 125,000. built, but, in 1855, they were again 245 yards sheeting, 4,500,000 yards drilling, 240,000 yards duck, 1,500, yards crash, and 1,100,000 6eamless bags; the whole valued 000 at §2,000,000. Phinehas Adams, agent. Langdon Capital §500, Mills. employed, 150; women and children. 350 annual pay roll, producing 5,000,000 §200,000 yards sheeting of various grades, valued at § 700,000. W. L. Killey, 000; men ; ; agent. Narnaskee Mills. Capital § 680, employ 91 males, and 145 females annual pay roll, § 102,000 annually producing 1,600,000 yards gingham, §232,000; 500,000 yards flannel, §135,000. E. A. Straw, 000; ; visited by the fiery element, which destroyed one half of their large agent. mill, causing a loss of §271,000. tal, J. Brugger, Hosiery mill. Capi- laine cloth, valued at §1,440,000; employs 55 men, and 95 women and children; annual pay roll, §85,000; annually produce 78,500 dozen pairs woolen stockings, valued at §265,000. A. P. Olzendam, Hosiery. Capemploys 37 men, tal, §50,000; and 58 women and children; annual pay roll, §51,000; annually produces 60,000 dozen pairs woolen hose, valued at § 180,000. Manchester Locomotive Works. employs 675 Capital, § 150,000 hands annual pay roll, § 405,000 and annual product 156 locomo- 380,000 yards casimere valued at tives, besides castings of Their business is under one gen- eral supervision, but in two de- partments, viz. Mills for manufacturing cotton print cloths, and mills for delaine cloths, &c. printing cotton goods and delaine cloths. They annually employ, in both departments, 1,000 males and 1,400 females and children, who annually receive for their labor ; §910,000, and annually produce 9,500,000 yards print cloth, valued §712,500; at 9,000,000 yards de- making the total § 2,562, The goods printed in the §410,000, 500. other departments, are valued at § 2,750,000. Stark Mills, capital, § 1,250.000, were incorporated in 1838, and commenced operations in 1839. This corporation emploj-s 400 men and 900 women and children annual pay roll is § 450,000, and their annual product 4,500,000 the §50,000; ; ; scription, valued at § every de- 1,560,000. Amoskeag Ax Company. Em- pay roll, 40,000; annual value of goods manufactured, § 130,000. Lowell's Iron Foundery. Produces iron fences, lamp posts, columns, water pipes, gas pipes, &c. employs 40 hands annual pay roll, § 27,000 annual productions, § 75, ploys 60 hands; ; : 000. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 246 In 1870 the Unconoonook Mills employed 20 males and 8 females pay roll, $ 15,000 manufactured ; ing 320,000 bushels grain, of all kinds, valued at $290,000; 6,075, boards and dimension timber, valued at $ 128,000; newspapers and job printing, $ 100,000; 000 feet paper to the value of §180,000. Amoskeag Paper Mills employ 20 males and 20 females; pay roll, $ 16,800 produce paper to the value of $ 300,000. Manchester Gas Light Company. Incorporated in 1841, with a capiIt has laid twental of $ 100,000. ty-one miles of pipe, from two to fourteen inches, extending through $5,000; fliers, $25,000; ale, $50, 000; boots and shoes, $75,000; granite and marble works, $75, 000, besides shops to manufacture files, rolls, harnesses, straw goods, window shades, tin ware, hair The restorative, cigars, confectionery, works have the capacity to furnish and many other shops too numerous to mention the whole, in the aggregate numbering nearly 150. There are tailors, milliners, carpenters, masons, painters, book ; different parts of the city. 300,000 feet of gas every twenty- The four hours. partments, is city, in all de- now consuming 50, 000,000 feet annually, and, rated at excelsior, $30,000; carriages, and repaired, $ were consumed all the ; in 1870, 30,000,000 The numher of burners mills houses, is &c, 10,000, in in stores, besides 224 Forty-five men are 9,000, street lamps. made spokes, ; binders, gas feet. ; belts, $2,50 per 1,000 feet, it amounts $ 125,000. In 1854, 8,837,000 feet to 100,000 &c, &c. fitters, The blacksmiths, capital invested in the manufactories is $9,970,000, employing 4,290 men, and 4,966 women and children, with an annual pay roll of $3,674,000, and producing manufactured goods to employed, annually receiving for the § 28,000. W. W. Hubbard, doors, sash, blinds, moldings and stair rails, emploj-s 30 men, pay roll $ 21,000; manufactured productions have increased, since 1870, nearly $5, 000,000. and the operatives about value land, in proportion to their popula- their labor, of productions, §42.000. Jeremiah Hodge, window frames, &c, employs 8 men, value of productions, $ 20,000. Bisco & Denny, card clothing, value of productions, $26,000. John Cloworth, loom reeds, $ 8,000. B. H. Chase, pickers, $ 6,000. J. Baldwin, bobbins, spools and employs $ 24,000, annual value of productions, 8 55, 52 men and shuttles, boys, pay roll, S. C. Forsaith & Co., machine works, annual productions, $115,000. D. B. Varney, brass foundry, annual value of productions, $80,000. There are also three grist mills, annually grind- 000. value 1,000. tion, of $18,108,000. But few cities in The Xew-Eng- have exceeded these gains in manufactories. Professional Services, Trade and This branch of business includes all persons not employed in farming or in manufactories and house keeping. It means merchants, clerks, book keepers, bankers, men employed on railroads, day laborers, teachers, lawyers, clergymen, physiTransportation. cians, dentists, &c. The number of persons employed in these professions is estimated at nine per cent of its population, or 2,700. Productions of the Resources. �MANCHESTER. soil, $148,403; mechanical labor, $3,674,000; professional services, &c, $ 1,620,000; stocks, $272,120; money at interest, $48,300; deposits in savings banks, $3,057,676; stock in trade, $ 1,902,080. Manchester Water Works. The was The extinguishing force hose pipes, with a head of one hundred and fifty feet, is equal to an effifacilities for alone, through cient fire cities in taken which is from Massabesic lake, noted for its purity, being from mineral substances, and is about four miles from the City Hall. The water is raised into a large reservoir, about one hundred and fifty-two feet above Elm Street, at the City Hall, by hydraulic power pumping. The pumping station is located on Cohas river, the outlet of the lake, with an outflow of water averagvery clear ing not lees than forty-five million gallons per day, which, acting on the fall at this point, is equal to a hundred horse power privilege, and lias the capacity to pump and furnish the water for a city of five 125,000 inhabitants. The present pumping machinery has a capacity to force into the main reservoir not less than five and one third million gallons of water evei-y twenty-four hours, while to supply the present wants of the city, less than two million gallons are required. The pipes are wrought iron, cement lined. The force main and supply main are twenty inches in range with secting streets. The water is and twenty the curb stone lines of the inter- obtained at the June session of the Legislature, 1871. hundred one gates, set invariably in fires, establishing these works, bill, over 247 department New-England, many in and, in connection with the excellent fire organization in this city, nearly excludes the risk of any devastatThe total expense of ing fires. the works was about $ 600,000. Sewerage. An excellent plan of sewerage has been surveyed, and much of it laid, and together with the excellent water facilities, make Manchester a clean healthy must and city. The fire orFire Department. ganization consists of No. 1, Amoskeag Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 2, Fire King Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 3, The E. W. Harrington Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 4, N. S. Bean; No. No. 1, Pennacook Hose Company Excelsior Hook and Ladder 1, Company. Benjamin C. Kendcll, ; Chief Engineer. Manchester was towns of Chester, Londonderry, Bedford Goffstown, and a tract of land called Harrytown. It was incorporated under the name of Derryfield, September 3d, 1757, and changed to Manchester in 1810. The charFirst Settlement. originally a part of the diameter, while the other pipes are respectively, fourteen, twelve, ten, eight, six and four inches; the acter of the soil greatest length being six inches. large numbers, There are over one hundred and hydi-ants, set uniformly on the north-west corners of the respective intersecting streets, and keag falls Hampshire was such One hundred fifty fire offered poor early inducement pioneers to for settle that it for the here in many years. years ago, the Amoswere as noted in Newas they are to-day, but for very different purposes. To- �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 248 day they are noted for the vast amount of machinery the waters move, which give employment to ten thousand persons, thereby drawing a large city around them, of nearly 30,000 souls. One hundred years ago they were noted for quantities large the of various Manchester was the scene of one of the most attrocious murders ever committed in a civilized communiMr. Jonas L. Parker, a promty. inent citizen and tax collector of the city in 184-4, was enticed from his place of business, late in the man unknown to any evening, by a kinds of fish that were annually caught at the falls by people from one, save Parker, under a plea that a lady in Janesville, wished State. These would move out of the Ocean, up the Merrimack, to deposit their spawn at or near to all sections of the the spring, fish, in the various sources of the river, falls, in the spring high water, would naturally impede and the their passage up the streams. Tin iy have been known to swarm so plenty as to affect the progress of boats, near the canal, at the foot The people would of the falls. come prepared to camp and out, the light of the camp-fires at night, the roar of the foaming flood, mingled with the loud laugh, and camp-fire songs of the fishermen, sports which they year- were rare ly looked But forward to with delight. this great resource of the State afforded no material growth In 1775 there were to the town. but 285 inhabitants ; in 1790, only and in 1820, 762. Major General John Stark died here May 8, 1822, aged 93 years, 8 months and 22 days. The cemetery is enclosed on his own farm, By overlooking the Merrimack. 362, his grave is placed a plain granite with the simple inscription " MAJOR GENERAL STARK. History gives his deeds done shaft, 1 ' see him, on urgent business. This little village was situated about one mile east from the City Hall, and at that time a small piece of woods intervened between the two places. In this woods, the next morning, the body of Mr Parker was found with his throat cut, and the light snow on the ground re- vealed the fact that a desperate struggle had taken place between The the assassin and his victim. pocket book containing several thousand dollars, in the side pocket of Parker's coat, was missing, but a wallet in his pants-pocket having sixteen hundred dollars in it, was left. This horrid murder naturally created a great excitement in Manchester, and every means was taken to ferret out the perpetrators of this dark and bloody deed; but to day it is still veiled in mystery to the public. Manchester was incorporated as a city in June, 1846. The Mayors, up to the present time, are as follow: 1846, Hiram Brown; 1847, Jacob F. James; 1849, Warren L. Lane 1850, Moses Fellows 1852, Theo1855, Frederick Smyth; dore T. Abbott; 1857, Jacob F. ; ; founder of the canal, died here in 1859 1858, Alonzo Smith Harrington 1861, David A. Bunton; 1863, Theodore T. Abbott 1864, Frederick Smyth 1865, 1806. Darwin J. Hosley; 1867, Hon. Samuel Parker Murder. James E. for his country. Blodgett, March 27, the 1845, ; ; W. ; ; ; Daniels; 1866, Joseph B. John Clark; �249 MANCHESTER. Isaac Weston; Cheney; 1872, P. C. to Pittsfield II. 13,933 1860, 20, 108 the at 1873,) ; 1870, 23,586 present time, (December estimated at about is The es in 1871, polls July 5,404; pot in 1872, one year of 507. ; valuation, upon the usual basis of assessing property at two thirds Railroads. ities no not far from of the same year. The de- fine, of its inhabiportends to a brighter future for tins city, in wealth, population and social position than it has ever enjoyed in the past. Thirty-five years ago where the city proper now stands there were less than 100 persons, now there are 30,000, and contains nearly one tenth of all the population and wealth in the State, and produce? one sixth part of all the manufactured goods. With the past and present before us, by the next decade we may expect to see a city of 36,000 inhabitants and a wealth of thirty million dollars. Seven years hence, may the statistical facts exceed our prediction. North by HookBoundaries. east by Auburn, south by sett, Londonderry and Bedford and west by Bedford and Gofi'stown. Area enterprising spirit The Railroad facil- tants, all of Manchester are very good less than three roads have their termini here, and the Concord road passes through the depot. The Manchester and Lawrence Railroad, connects a Future Prospects. With its vast water power, its excellent railroad completion of its facilities, the public works its fine churches and its large commercial schools, trade, its rapidly growing wealth, together with the intelligence and assessed valuation of the city as returned to the Legislature in 1872, to base the State proportionthe true al tax, was $ 13,930,822 is 4, is the State. The of its actual value, §21.000,000. for a brick structure, and is the largest building of the kind in charged for tax- were 5,911, a g;iin in charter from Manchester to Keene, has been granted, and no doubt the road will be built within the next live years. The Concord Railway was first opened to this city and tlie first train of cars run June 28, 1842, and opened for the public it 30,000. A ; railroad Bartlett; : ; Railroad. ley 1873, resigned in February 1873; succeeded by John P. Newell. The population, at different times, has been as follows 1850, Charles at Hooksett, over the Suncook Val- port and Claremont James A. Weston; 1869; W. Smith; 1870, James A. 1868, Lawrence and intervening towns with the city; and Portsmouth RailManchester to Portsmouth; Manchester and North Weare, Railroad, from Manchester to North Weare, and the Concord Railroad, connects Manchester south, via Nashua, with BosConcord road, from Worcester, New- York, Albany, Chicago, &c, North via Concord, on the Northern Railroad, with White River Junction, Montpelier, Burlington, St. Al- ton, bans, Montreal and the West; on the Montreal Railroad, with Lit- White Mountains, Lancasand Grand -Trunk Railroad; on the Concord and Claremont ii tleton, of improved land, 5,140 acres. ter Seventeen miles Distances. south from Concord and fifty-six miles north-west from Boston. Railroad, with Hillsborough, New- . �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 250 MARLBOROUGH. stock in trade, $21,225; from sum- mer Cheshire County. The surface of this town is uneven and frequently broken by excellent for grazing. hills, being There are some very good forms on the streams which produce fine crops ; pastor; Universalist, Rev. E. L. Senft, pastor. Church valuation, Congregational, $ 8,000 Methodist, $ 2,000 Universalist, of corn, oats, hay, &c. There are ; several ponds which are sources $4,000. of some of the brandies of the The North Branch, Ashuelot. passing through the two villages, is supplied by a large reservoir, about seven miles above, and two smaller ones, nearer, and thus furnishes some of the best water power in the county. Marlborough is one of the growing towns of the districts fifteen annually manufactured is $ Library. Frost Free has 2,300 volumes. are also manufactured 20,000 boxes, 10,000 toy wagons, 1,500 toy bedsteads, chairs, 1,340,000 and 300,000 pails, feet of 14,000 lumber. There are ground, annually, 26,000 bushels grain, of all kinds. There is an extensive granite quarry which gives employment, during the months from April to December, to about forty men. This stone is of the best quality, and is shipped to all parts of the country. Several other brandies of mechanical business are carried on. (See tables.) Resources. ducts, $60,306; Agricultural pro- mechanical, $92, 900 money at interest, $ 18,482 deposits in savings banks, $76,785; Library, Marlborough Hotel, ar- rivals last year, 2,310. Marlborough Timothy Dwight First Settlements. was granted to and sixty-one others, April 29, 1751. The conditions of this charter were 150, simeres, $ 70,000, and machineshop productions, §25,000. There for ton, principal. of horse blankets 000; tricots, diagonals, fancy cas- for the Annual school purposes, $ 1,149.10. Marlborough High School, C. E. Hough- Hotel. The value weeks. amount of money appropriated Employments. Agriculture, in this town, is superseded by manufacturing, the people being largely engaged in that branch of busi- ; There are nine school and ten schools in town. Average length of schools year, State. ness. $ 2,250. ard, . Ponds and Rivers. tourists, Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. J. L. Merrill, pastor Methodist, Elder A. K. How- -, not seasonably fulfilled, by reason of the French and Indian war, and a second charter was granted September 20, 1754, and called Monadnock, No. 5. Incorporated, December 13, 1776. The first settlers were William Barker, Abel Woodward, Benjamin Tucker, Daniel Goodenough, and One Mc Colonel Alister. Andrew Col- burn, an officer killed in the Revolutionary struggle, belonged to this town. First Ministers. Rev. Cummings, ordained Joseph in 1778, dis- missed in 1780; Rev. Holloway Fish, ordained in 1793, died in 1824. Boundaries. North by Roxbury, east by Dublin and Jaffrey, south by Troy, and west by Swanzey and Keene. 13,000 acres; improved Area. land, 8,007 acres. �MARLOW. Five Distances. miles south- ^ 251 Agricultural Resources. pro- from Keene, live from Monadnock Mountain, and fifty-eight south-west from Concord. mechanical labor, $33,500; stocks and bonds, 4,700; Cheshire Railroad passes through the western part of the town. its east Railroads. MARLOW, soil is productive. On the river, and other streams, there are large tracts of interval land, an of quality. excellent Many of the farms are under a high state of cultivation, producing fine crops of grain and grass. Ashuelot River passes River. through almost the whole length town in a south-westerly There are some fine water privileges, which are gener- of the direction. ally improved. There is a very pleasant and lively village in Marlow, which is the centre of considerable trail;}. There are several stores, various kinds of manufactories, about seventy-five neatly painted dwelling houses, and four hundred Village. inhabitants. Employments. The larger por- tion of the people are engaged in agriculture, but there is consider- able manufacturing done. feet of 750.000 lumber are annually sawed 100,000 trowel pail handles, handles, ; 2,000,000 300,000 bucket but- 100,000 tassel moulds, plant tons, protectors, &c., are manufactured. One of the largest tanneries in the State men are employed, receive Over 40 in this town. is for who annually their labor, $22,000. 75,000 calf skins, besides slaughter, are annually $275,000. tanned, (See tables.) money in at interest, $28,775; depos- savings banks, $73,736; stock in trade, $20,100. MethChurches and Schools. Elder Irad Taggart, pastor; Christian, Rev. William H. Xa- odist, Cheshire County. The surface of this town is generally uneven; but the ducts, $ 05,176; valued at son, pastor; Baptist, Universalist, ; . There are eight public schools in town. Average length of schools, for the year, sixteen weeks. Academy. There is a flourishing academy, called the Marlow Academy. Mr. Carl Allen is the principal. Hotels. Forest House, and 1 Jones Hotel. This town was First Settlers. granted to William Noyes and sixty-nine others, October 7, 1761. Joseph Tubbs, Samuel and John Gustin, N. Royce, N. Miller, Nathan Huntley, and others, were the first settlers. The first town meeting was held in March, 1776. Rev. Caleb First Ministers. Blood, (Baptist) settled in January, 1778, dismissed in 1779; Rev. Eleazer Beckwith succeeded, and preached till his death, in 1809. Boundaries. North by Acworth and Lempster, east by Washington and Stoddard, south by Gilsum, and west by Alstead. Area, 15,937 acres. Distances. Forty miles south- west from Concord, and north from Keene. Railroads. No fifteen railroad passes The nearest through Marlow. point is at Keene, 16 miles, or Bellows Falls, the same distance. The Windsor and Forest Lino Railroad will pass through this town, if ever built. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 252 MASON. the soil is rich and productive, yields good crops of and corn, oats, potatoes and hay. The soil in the valleys is exceedingly rich and free from early frosts. For this and grapes reason excellent Some of peaches are produced. the finest graperies and peach orchards to be found in the State are in Mason. In 1872 the northwest part of Mason was disannexed, and the town of Greenville formed, in which is included nearly all the water power in the old town. Employments. Agriculture is the principal employment of the inhabitants. 1,500 pairs of shoes are annually made. There are several granite quarries and the stone being of a superior quality, it will soon be considered a val- uable resource. Resources. Productions of the soil, $ $ 55,000; 14,000; stocks terest, mechanical labor, and money at in- $ 10,275; deposits in savings banks, S 10,000 $ $20,000; stock in trade, from summer 1,500. ; tourists, Churches and Schools. CongreChurch, Rev. Daniel Goodwin, pastor. There are six schools in town. Average length of schools, for the year, twentytwo weeks. Mr. John Boynton, a native of Mason, left a fund of § 10,000, the interest of which is to be devoted to public schools. Libraries. There are two private libraries, of 500 volumes each. gational First Settlements. 1751. Enoch Lawrence and Deacon Nathan Hall made a permanent settlement, in 1752. in Hillsborough County. The surface of Mason is uneven, but Mason was granted and known by the name of Number One, August 26, 1768. An effort to settle here was made First Ministers. Rev. Jonathan Searle, ordained in 1772, dismissed Rev. Ebenezer Hill, ordained in 1790. A Congregational Church was formed in 1772, and a Baptist Church organized in 1786. Boundaries. North by Greenville, east by Brookline, south by Ashby, Mass., and west by NewIpswich. Area of improved land, in 1782; 6,500 acres. Distances. Forty-three miles south from Concord, and fifteen south-west from Amherst. The Peterborough Railroads. and Shirley branch of the Fitchburg Railroad passes through this town. MEREDITH. Belknap County. In 1855 the town was and formed the present town of Laconia, and included the thriving villages of Lake Village and Meredith Bridge, on the west side of the Winnipiseogee River. Meredith is still a large and imeastern portion of this set off portant town, in agriculture, manufactures and trade, and as a resort of summer tourists. As a farming town it is surpassed by but few in the State. tile, The soil is deep, fer- easily cultivated, and many of the farms beautifully situated on the shores of Lake Winnipiseogee, which washes a large portion of its southern and north-eastern At Meredith Village borders. there is one of the best water privleges in the State, which is con- by the Meredith MechanAssociation, with a capital of § 50,000. Besides the manufactories in the village, it is the centre trolled ics' �MERRIMACK. In of a large mercantile trade, the summer season, steamboats leave its wharves for all important points on the lake. There are ten or fifteen stores, 3 churches, a savings bank, two livery stables, and one hotel in the village. Until 1873 a portion of the village of Centre Harbor was in this town. It estimated that nearly 1000 is summer tourists visit There are but few where the fu- annually. towns town the in the State ture prospects are more flattering than those of Meredith. Wauka- Ponds and Streams. wan Lake, near the village, is connected with Lake Winnipiseogee by a stream affording a large amount of water power. At the outlet of the pond is a substantial dam (owned by the Mechanics' Association) which forms a large wa- Average length of schools, for the year, twelve weeks. Elm House. Meredith Village SavBank. ings Bank. First Settlers. Hon. Ebenezer Smith moved into this town at an Hotel. early period of its was looked to as settlers for many settlement, and an adviser by the He years. died, Meredith was originally called New-Salem. In- August 1807. 22, corporated Dec. 30, 1768. First Ministers. Rev. Simeon F. Williams, settled in 1792; dis- missed in 1798. Rev. David Smith, settled in 1819; died in 1824. the Boundaries. North by Centre Harbor and Winnipiseogee Lake, north and north-east by said lake, south-east by Laconia, south by Sanbornton, and west and northwest by New-Hampton. Number of acres of improved land, 16,586. Distances. By the Montreal in- Railroad, thirty-seven miles north receive a rich re- from Concord, and nine north from ter basin. Employments. Agriculture is principal employment of the habitants, who ward 253 There for their labor. is Gilford. considerable capital invested in manufactures. 35,000 pairs of cot- Railroads. The Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad passes ton hose, 4,000,000 feet of dimen- through this town. The Meredith and Conway Railroad is a projected line which may be built at sion lumber, 600,000 lath, and 5,000 shooks are annually manufactured, besides chair &c, bobbins, stuff, # &c. Annual productions $175,900; mechanical labor, $ 45,000 stocks and bonds, - MERRIItlACE. Resources. of the soil, ; 8 some future time. (See tables.) 6.900 ; money at interest, $ 34,726 deposits in savings banks, §111, 020 ; stock in trade, § 23,557 summer tourists, $ 20,000. from ; . . Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. G. I. Bard, pastor; Calvin Baptist, Freewill Baptist, Rev. Lincoln Given, pas; There are 20 school districts and seventeen schools in town. tor. HlLLSBOROUGFI COUNTY. The surface of this town is generally even, broken by a few moderate The soil, in various places, but there is considerable plain land which is not very productive, without heavy fertilizing. swells. is fertile ; The intervals on the rivers, pro- duce fine crops of grain and grass. Merrimack River washes its eastern border. Souhegan River enters the town from AmRivers. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 254 and pursues a winding course and joins the Merrimack one Parker & hei'st, ductions, $40,000. mile black walnut centre tables, ornamented and carved work, with marble tops, $ 60,000. David Hen- above Thornton's Ferry. Babboosuck Brook, issuing from Babboosuck Pond, in Amherst, empties into the Souhegan near its confluence with the Merrimack. Penichook Brook has its source from a pond in Ilollis, and forms the southern boundary of the town. About one mile from the mouth of the Souhegan is the best water power on the river. The water three separate falls within the space of half a mile. It is estimated, that if the power fills 83 feet in on these falls was properly utilized, it would sustain a village of 4,500 inhabitants. There are four small each with a post office, Reed's Ferry, viz., Merrimack, Thornton's Ferry, and South Merrimack, on the Nashua and Wilton Villages. villages, railroad. The three first the Concord railroad, and some manufacturing. are on all have At Reed's Ferry there is one store, school house, and several manufactories, such as brick, barrels, and overalls (on an extensive scale). At Thornis a school house and store; also manufactories of ton's Ferry there and furniture. At Merrimack there is one church edifice, school house, a new and commodious town house, store, and bricks, barrels hotel; also manufactories of ex- woolens. At South Merrimack there is a church edifice, school house, and store. Farming is the Employments. tension tables and principal employment of the in- is an important branch of business. M. Houghton & Son manufacture black walnut and chestnut extension tables annual value of pro- habitants, but manufacturing ; Co., derson, flannel and carpets, $ 70, Fessenden & Lowell, cooper 000. Nelson H. Brown $ 6,000. Hosea Evans, barrels, $ 2,000 besides overalls, pants and sacks, $ 200,000 meal and flour, $ 3,500 lumber, $8,700; also blacksmiths, stock, $20,000. & Co,, barrels and lumber, ; ; carpenters, wheelwrights, painters, coopers, harness makers, &c. total value of all kinds of ical productions, is The mechan- $ 435,000 annu- Merrimack claims the first discovery, in this region, of making what are called Leghorn bonnets. ally. Misses Burnaps first made them, years ago, and some of their bonnets were sold at auction several for $ 50.00 each. Much attention is now given to manufacturing sale sacks, pants, and overalls. Two firms make 20,000 dozens annually, valued at 6 200,000. The amount paid for making this clothing is over $ 24,000. Females take the goods (cut out) from the shops, and make them, at their respective homes. Resources. Productions of the $94,496; _mechanical labor, $96,400; stocks and money at insoil, terest, $25,380; deposits in savings banks, $ 157,847 stock in trade, $25,375; from tourists, $2,000; ; professional business, $ 10,000. The still large available water power unimproved, together with its railroad facilities, make the future Merrimack look encouraging for seeing a large manufacturing town within a few years. 1st ConChurches and Schools prospects of gregational, Rev. C. L. Hubbard, pastor ; number of members, 125 • �255 MIDDLETON. South Merrimack, 2d Congre- at to ponder the epitaph on his head gationalism no settled pastor, 40 stone, in the cerneteiw at Merri- twelve members. Tliere are schools in town; average length, biography of a for the year, twenty-one total weeks; value of school houses, $6,900. Hotel. Merrimack House. This town was pari of Dunstable (now Nashua) and originally called Souhegan East. Settlements were comFirst Settlements. menced as early as 1733. The first house was erected in town, several years before any permanent settlement was made. It was located on the margin of the river, and occupied as a place of traffic with the Indians. Tt was owned by John Cromwell, of England, and was called Cromwell's House. He carried on a profitable trade with the Indians, for some time, in purchasing their furs, having as a weight on the opposite scale his foot for their furs to weigh down. This deception, at length, they found out, and they determined to kill him for his perfidy towards them. Cromwell heard of their intention, through some source, buried his furs, and made his escape. Soon after his flight a party of the Pennacook tribe made their appearance, and not finding him, burned his house. The town was incorporated April 2, 1746, and deits name from the river on which it was situated. Hon. Matthew Thornton, one of rived the signers of the Declaration of American Independence, resided many years in this town. The town records show that Mr. Thornton presided over their town meetings, and held various town offices. Statesmen and eminent old men of to-day, who positions of trust, hold honorable would do well mack. but a worthy It is short, enough to time. life It is volumes, but all three words, " The fill implied in Honed Man:'' He died in 1803, at the age of eighty-nine. The people are to-day noted their staid integrity, for and general intelligence. First Minister. nap settled in Rev. Jacob Bur- 1772, died in 1821. North by Bedford, Nashua, and west by Amherst. Area, area of improved 19,361 acres; Boundaries. east by Litchfield, south by land, 8,798 acres. Distances. Twenty-seven miles south from Concord, eight north from Nashua, and six miles east from Amherst. The Concord Railroads. Rail- road passes along its eastern border, while the Nashua and Wilton Railroad runs through the southern part. On the Concord road there are stations at Reed's Ferry, Merrimack, and Thornton's Ferry on the Wilton road, rimack. at South Mer- MIJ»10L,ETOIV. Straffokd County. The sur- even, and in some portions rocky. By careful cultiva- face is tion, the soil can be made to yield fine crops. Moose Mountain, Mountains. which separates this town from Brookfield, is the principal ele- vation, There are no ponds nor streams of any note, consequently there is but very little water power. Employments. The employments of the people are varied. Some are engaged in Agriculture, �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 256 while others are employed in me75,000 shoe and chanical labor. carving knives are annually manufactured ; shingles, 2,000 clapboards, 62,000 42,000 of feet boards and dimension timber sawed, and bushels of grain ground, other small mechanical works. The total value of manufactured goods annually produced, 6,600 besides including grain ground, is $33,000. Productions of the Resources. soil, $23,939; $ 20,000 ; deposits in 700; $21,792; savings banks, stock in trade, $2,100; from summer Churches tourists, and $400. Schools. Free- Baptist, Rev. Seth Sawyer, will pastor town mechanical labor, at interest, $ 2. money ; There are four schools in average length for the year, sixteen weeks. "Rollins Hotel," and Hotels. " Shapley House." ; is is uneven, and broken. The soil good, and well adapted to agri- But few towns in the culture. county produce better or more valuable crops to the acre. Rivers and Ponds. The upper Amonoosuek and Androscoggin Rivers pass through this town, flowing in nearly opposite direc- The tions. latter receives several There are which Cedar is tributaries in Milan. several ponds, of the largest. Employments. The inhabitants are mostly engaged in agriculture. There are several saw mills, which annually manufacture over 4,000, 000 feet of lumber, and two starch mills manufacturing 175 tons of starch. Productions of the mechanical labor, money at interest, $ 4, $ 10,200 687; deposits in savings banks, Resources. soil, $ 79,972 ; ; from First Settlements. Thomas Morgan, and others came to this town $ 324 stock and made a settlement a few years Boundaries. North by Brookfield and Wakefield, east by Milton, south by Milton and New- MethoChurches and Schools. Church, Rev. L. E. Gordon, There are ten school pastor. districts in town; average length of schools, for the year, eight weeks. Union Hotel. Hotel. This toAvn was Settlements. Durham and west by New Dur- granted to Sir William ham. others, before the Revolution. corporated First March 4, Minister. It was In- 1778. Rev. Nehemi- ah Ordway settled in 1778. Area, 9,840, acres; improved land 3,806 acres. Distances. Forty miles northeast from Concord, and twentyfive north-west from Dover. Railroad Three miles to Union station on the Portsmouth, Great Falls and Conway Railroad. MILAN. Coos County. Although there are no mountains of any considei*able altitude, in Milan, the surface ; summer in trade, $ 4,900 tourists, $ ; 4,500. dist Mayne and under the name of Pauls- burg in 1771. It retained this name until December 16, 1824, when it was incorporated under the name of Milan. North Boundaries and Area. by hummer and Cambridge, east by Success, south by Berlin, west by Stark and Killkenney. Area, 31,154 acres; area of improved land, 5,512 acres. Distances. fifty One hundred and miles north from Concord, �MILFORD. twenty-two miles north-east from Lancaster. Railroad. Grand Trunk Rail- road, passes through this town. 257 new impetus has been given to all branches of business. In the season of 1871, the Souhegan cotton mill was burned, which, to some extent, has paralyzed business but the inhabitants are vigorous and industrious, and, no doubt, will soon recover from this disaster, and go forward with renewed zeal. Nearly all branches of industry are pursued. There are two meat markets, five grocery stores, four dry goods, two clothing, two drug and medicine, two hardware, one book, two boot and shoe, one merchant tailor, two stove and tin ware, one jewelry, two millinery, one furniture and crockery store, and one fish market. Besides, there are two eating houses, one hotel, two livery stables, two churches, one large high school building, two banks, one large social library, and about two hundred and fifty dwelling houses. There are also four law- road, a ; HlLTJSBOROUGH COUNTY. Milford is one of the most important towns in the State, in point of agriculture, manufactures, and trade. It ranks in population and wealth as the thirteenth town in the State, and in the county, the third. It lies on hoth sides of the Souhegan River, which runs in an easterly direction through the town, and affords many valuable water privileges. The surface is moderately uneven. There is some very fine interval land on the Souhegan, about half a mile in width, the which is annual- larger portion of ly overflowed, which causes the be deep, black, and exceedingly fertile. The uplands, when properly cultivated, produce excellent crops of corn, oats, &c. Large quantities of fruit, of various kinds, are annually produced. Much attention has been given for a few years past, to the production of milk for the market. Over 220, 000 gallons are annually sent to Boston, besides what is sold in the village. The farmers of Milford know the valuable results obtained through " New-Hampshire" farming; and everything about their farms and farm buildings soil to indicates that their knowledge has been put into practical operation. On the Souhegan is located the large and thriving village For many years it of Milford. Village. has been the seat of considerable manufacturing and trade, but since the completion of the Wilton Rail- yers, five physicians and various other One of the finest was the State pense of $ since, dentists, town halls in erected, at an ex- 45,000, about five years an ornament to the The streets are wide and and village. and offices. is many of them pleasantly shaded. In the centre of the village is a handsome Common, beautifully shaded, and around this park are located many of the business blocks. Many of the dwellings are very neat, adorned with beautiful grounds, and enclosed fences. with handsome The whole village bears that impress of thrift and enterprise, which ev- ery stranger admires, who has the pleasure of making a visit to this delightful town. It is becoming a popular resort for tourists, and �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 258 many spend summer their vaca- summer tourists, $ 4,000 : profes- &c, $ 100,000. tion here. sional service, trades Employments. Many of the inhabitants are devoted to agricul- CongreGeorge Prince, Jr., pastor number of members, 265. Baptist, Rev. J. Tf. Tilton, pastor. There are thirteen schools in town ture, but manufacturing and trade, are the most important branches of business 813,000 yards of cotton goods are manufactured carpets, &c, are annually made to ; ; the value of $ 260,000 ; 153,000 lbs. of knitting and tidy yarn valued at $107,100; 9,000 pairs men's boots and shoes furniture to the value ; of $ 100,000 90,000 ; mackerel barrels, half barrels, 90,000 kits and kegs; 120,000 pictui'e and mirror frames 70,000 portable desks and fancy boxes; printers' furniture, Churches and Schools. gational, Rev. ; classified as follows : three of the primary grade, two grammar, seven mixed or ungraded, and one high school. Milford has taken the advance step in education, under the public free school system. At the June session in 1870, the Legislature passed an act to enable towns to abolish the district 700,000 shingles, 1,800,000 school system, and have the district embrace the whole town, under the supervision of a board of and dimension timber sawed; 40,000 bushels grain ground 24,000 sides upper leather education. Under this system the school terms are of the same length throughout the town. At the an- and 31,000 sides sole leather tanbesides ned, valued at $ 306,000 nual town meeting in March, 1871. Milford claimed the benefit of this law, and abolished the several districts in town, and it is now comprised in one school district. No doubt the system is a correct one, for every scholar in town now has the same privilege as to the length of school terms, and grades, and is the equal, only in distance from school room, which cannot be ob- ; $ 10,000 ; feet of boards ; ; piano actions, toys, extension tawindow springs, and various other manufactured articles, too numerous to mention. There are also blacksmiths, carpenters, masons, marble workers, painters, tailors, milliners, jewelers, &c. The granite quarrying is becoming an important branch of industry. This granite is pronounced of the best quality free from iron, and is of easy access to the railroad. bles, — men Seventy-five are employed on the various ledges. ital The total cap- invested in manufactories is $722,300; males employed, 445, females, 211 value of goods annu; ally produced is $ 1,360,500. Productions of the mechanical labor, $252,100; stocks &c, $59,300; money at interest, $ 95,340 deposits in savings banks, $355,390; Resources. soil, $ 162,500 ; ; stocks in trade, $ 142,688 ; from viated. The length of schools for the weeks, divided into three terms of twelve weeks year is thirty-six Amount of money annually appropriated for school purposes, $ 6,200. Amount of money in length. expended to build and repair schoolhouses the past year, (1872,) $7,103.52 Present Board of Education, W. B. Orcutt, G. Pierce, Jr., and D. S. Burnham. Library. Milford Free Library. Number of volumes, 2,005. Books taken out for the year ending Jan- �MILLSFIELD uary, 1873, equal to one Number 9,207 times. volume of persons — MILTON. in an easterly and westerly direc- tion. taking out books, 750. National Souhegan Banks. Bank, and Milford Five Cents Savings Bank. Union Hotel. ValuaHotel. ation, $ 10,000. bles valued at$ Two livery sta- 11,000 259 mi i.viiii.i) Coos County. The surface of town is uneven, but the soil is . this and might produce good strong, grass and grain, if the cold climate and isolated location did not Milford was incorporated January 11, 1794, and included what was anciently call- debar Duxbury Mile Slip and ed School Farm. John Burns, William Peabody, Benjamin Hopkins, Caleb Jones, Nathan Hutchinson, land, 4 horses, 14 cattle, 6 sheep, First Settlers Bradford, Elisha Town, Captain Josiah Crosby, and William Wallace were the first setCaptain Crosby was a revtlers. Andrew olutionary officer. The blood of the sons of Milford ran freely in the war of the great rebellion. The memorial tablet in the Town Hall building gives the names of sixty soldiers belong- ing to this town who were killed or died from the effects of the war. First Churches and Minister. A Congregational Church was organized in 1788, and the Baptist oi"ganized September 5, 1809, Rev. Humphrey Moore (Congregational) was the first settled minister, and was ordained in 1802. North by LyndeBoundaries. borough Mount Vernon and Amherst, east by Amherst and Hollis, south by Hollis and Brookline, and west by Mason and Wilton. Area 15,402 acres; area of improved tent. its being settled to any ex- In habitants, 1870, there were 28 inimproved 180 acres of The north3 swine in town. ern portion is mountainous. There are several ponds, the largest of which is 300 rods long and 140 Clear Stream waters its wide, northern extremity, and Philip's River with several small streams the other parts of the town. This town was granted to Sir and Thomas Mills, George Boyd and others, March I, 1774. North by Dixville, by Errol, south by Dummer, and west by Odell and Dixville Boundaries., east Area, 23,200 acres. 150 miles north from Distances. Concord, and 36 north-east from Lancaster. aiii/roN. Strafford County. This is an important town in point of The surface is manufactories. broken and affords excellent pas- The soil is generally when properly tilled, turage. and, duces good, pro- fair crops. Rivers. the Salmon eastern Falls River section wa- of the land, 10,547. ters Thirty-one miles Distances. south from Concord, five southwest from Amherst, and ten north west of Nashua. Railroad. Nashua and Wilton Railroad passes through the town, town. A branch of this river passes through the northern part, and unites with it at the eastern border of the town, near the center of the line. There is some valuable water power, a part of which is im- �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 260 proved with valuable manufacto- money annually appropriated ries. school purposes $ 1,645,85. Literary Institution. -Milton Classical Institute, Mr. J. H. Ponds and Mountains. Pond Milton the foot of Teneriffe Mountain, a bold and rocky elevation which extends along the eastlies at ern part of the town. Employments. The employments of the inhabitants are nearly equally divided between farming on the one side and manufacturing and trading on the other. At Milton Mills there is considerable manufacturing one manufactory annu- — ally producing over $ 170,000 worth of flannels and blankets. There are also produced in other manufactories, 200,000 yards of felt cloth, embossing cloth, 20,000 printing, or piano and table Also carriages. At the covei's. South part there are made over $ 100,000 worth of shoes, 15,000 clap150,000 yards of boards, 325,000 shingles, 15,000 railroad splices, 5,000 shooks, 475, 000 feet of lumber 'besides, there Ham, for pi'incipal. Franklin House. At Milton Mills, Central House. First Organization. Milton was formerly a part of Rochester, and was incorporated June 11, 1802. Boundaries. North - west by Middleton and Wakefield, east by Hotels. Salmon Falls river, which sepafrom Lebanon, Maine, and south-west by Farmington and rates it New acres; Durham. area of Area, 25,000 improved land, 8,517 acres. Forty miles north- Distances. from Concord, and twenty north-west from Dover. The Portsmouth, Railroads. Great Falls and Conway Railroad passes through this town, nearly north and south. east ; are carriage and other small mechanical shops. The total value of goods, of all kinds, annually manufactured in town is $520,000. Productions of the mechanical labor, soil, $68,192; $65,000; money at interest, $5, 250; deposits in savings banks, Resources. ' $ 21,193. Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. F. Haley, pastor; Freewill Baptist, Rev. Joseph F. Joy, pastor; Christian, Rev. D. E. Goodwin. Milton Mills, Congregational, Rev. D. B. Scott, pastor; Baptist, Rev. Caleb F.Page, pastor. There are also Rev. J. S. Potter, Freewill Baptist, and Elder I. J. $ 67,874; stock in trade, Tebbits, Methodist. There are Aver- thirteen schools in town. age length of schools, for the year, seventeen weeks. Amount of ITIOIVROE. Grafton County. The town surface broken with hills and valleys, and affords excellent of this grazing. good, and, is The soil is generally when properly culti- vated, produces fine crops of grain There is considerable and hay. interval on the river, and the west slope of Gardner's mountain produces excellent grass and wheat. River. Connecticut River washes its western border. At the narrows in this town, the river is only five rods in width, being conThe by walls of slate. •fined scenery, at this point, is grand and Near the north -west- picturesque. ern extremity of the town, at the confluence of the Connecticut and Passumpsic rivers, the former as- sumes the shape of a diamond, its �261 MOULTONBOROTJGH. and affording a delightful land- wheat, corn, potatoes, &c. The town ranks as the sixth town in the county, in the value of its ag- scape. ricultural products. Bog iron ore, zinc Minerals. and copper ore are found in various localities. Employments. The inhabitants Red Hill Rivers, Ponds, &c. River, the principal stream, originates in Sandwich, and passes are largely engaged in farming. The lumber business is extensivebushels on. 1,400 ly carried wheat, 3,000 bushels corn, and 9,000 bushels of oats and barley piseogee. are annually produced. town. Red Hill, lying Mountains. wholly in this town, is about 2,000 feet above the level of the sea, about one twenty islands, greatest width being mile, encircling Productions of the $61,254; mechanical labor, Resources. soil, $ 15,000 money ; deposits 976; in $ at interest, 19, savings banks, $ 20; stock in trade, $ 8,800; from tourists, $ 3,000. Churches and Schools. Christian, There Union, and Methodist. Average are six schools in town. length of schools for the year, twenty-three weeks. Hotel. Organization. Monroe was disannexed from the western part of Lyman, and formed into a separate town, July 13, 1854. North by Littleton, east by Lyman, south by Bath, and west by Barnet, Vermont. Area of improved land, 8,246 Boundaries. acres. Distances. By railroad, ninety- seven miles north from Concord, and fifteen north from Haverhill. Railroad. At Mclndoe's Falls, on the Passumpsic Railroad, in Vermont, is town into the WinniLong Pond is a beauti- this ful sheet of water, and connects by a channel sixty Avith the lake Squam and Winrods in length. nipiseogee Lakes lie partly in this and commands notice from the east, south, and west, and extends about three miles from east to west, between Red Hill River on the north, Great Squam on the west, Great Squam and Long Pond on the south, terminating south-east by a neck of fine land, extending into the Winnipiseogee. Monroe House. First through the station for Mun- A number of oval bluffs rise on summit, from each of which the prospect, on either hand, is its The extensive and delightful. north bluff is supposed to consist Bog ore is of a body of iron ore. found in a brook descending from This mountain is covered with soil, and is wooded It owes its nearly to its summit. name to the circumstance of the this bluff. Uva Ursa, with which it is covered, changing to a brilliant Ossipee red in the autumn. Mountain extends its base into leaves, . this roe. nOVLTONBOROCGH, Carroll County. The surface of Moultonborough is mountainous, but the soil is deep and fertile, and yields good crops of town, and is a commanding elevation. Springs. On the south part of Ossipee Mountain, in Moultonborough, is a mineral chalybeate spring, the water strongly impregnated with iron and sulphur, and �NEW-HAMPSHIKE GAZETTEER. 262 efficacious in cutaneous eruptions. soil, About a mile north $7,600 money at interest, $3,064 deposits in savings banks, $22, is a spring of pure, cold water,- sixteen feet in diameter, through the centre of which the water, containing a small portion of white sand, is constantly thrown up to the height of two feet. The spring furnishes water sufficient for mills. On the stream, nearly a mile below, is a beautiful water-fall of seventy Descending on the left of this fall, a cave is found, containing charcoal and other evidences of its having once been a hiding place for the Infeet perpendicular. dians. Indians. The Ossipee tribe of Indians once resided in this vicinity, and some years since a tree was standing in Moultonborough, on which was carved in bierogliphics the history of their expe- Many Indian implements have been found, indicating this to have been once their favorite residence. In 1820, on a small island in Lake Winnipiseogee, was found a curious gun barrel, much worn by age and rust, ditions. and relics divested of its stock, enclosed in the body of a pitch pine tree, sixteen inches in diameter. On the line of Tuftonborough, on the shore of the lake, at the mouth of Molvin River, a gigantic skeleton was found, about sixty years since, buried in a sandy soil, apparently that of a man more than seven feet high, the jaw bone easily passing over the face of a large man. Employments. Agriculture is the principal people. 000 feet employment of the and 325, of boards &c, are annual700,000 shingles, ly sawed. Resources. Productions of the $109,622; mechanical labor, ; 442 ; stock in trade, $ 10,401 summer tourists, $ ; from 3,600. Churches and Schools. MethoChurch, Rev. Henry Chandler, pastor. There are seventeen school districts in this town, and sixteen schools. Average length of schools for the year, nineteen weeks. Hotels. Jaclard House. dist Episcopal First Settlements. Moultonborough was granted by the Masonian proprietors to Col. Jonathan Moulton and sixty-one others, No- vember 17, 1763. Incorporated November 27, 1777. In the month of August, 1784, a boy of Mr. Leach, eight years of age, was sent to a pasture, towards the close of the day, to put out a horse and bring home the cows. His father, being in a neighboring field, heard a cry of distress, and running to the fence, saw his child lying on the ground, and a bear standing by him. He seized a stake and crept along, with a view to get between the bear and the child. The bear took the child by the throat, and drew him into the bushes. The father pursued till he came up, and aiming a stroke at the bear, the stake broke in his hand, and the bear, leaving his prey, turned upon the parent, who, in the anguish of his soul, was obliged to retreat, and call for help. Before any sufficient- help could be obtained, the night was so far advanced that a search was The night was impracticable. passed by the family in the utmost distress. The neighbors assembled, and, at break of day, renewed the pursuit. The child's hat. �MOUNT VERNON. and the bridle, which he had dropwere found, and they tracked ed, his blood about forty rods, they discovered The corpse. the throat when mangled was torn, Whilst and one thigh devoured. they were standing around the body, the bear arose from behind a log. Three guns were tired at him at the same instant, which dispatched him, and a fire was immediately kindled, in which he was consumed. First Ministers. Rev. Samuel Perley, Congregational, ordained 263 tions a fine prospect of the coun- east and south-east, can be obtained. On the top of one of these elevations is situated the try, flourishing village of Mount Ver- non, which has become noted for its fine scenery, healthy location, literary institution, and as a summer resort for tourists from Boston, New-York, and other large cities. Streams. There is but one stream of any note. It rises in the north part and passes into Amherst near the eastern extremity of the plain. miles north This stream was called, by the InQuohyuinaspassakessanandians, uaquog. Farming and Employments. keeping summer boarders are the principal occupations of the inhabThe manufacture of fancy itants. writing desks and boxes has been carried on quite extensively for a number of years. The value of these desks and boxes, annually manufactured, is about $ 45,000. Productions of the Resources. soil, $ 72,973 mechanical labor, $21,200; money at interest, $13, 670; deposits in savings banks, from Concord, and about north-west from Ossipee. fifteen $36,739; stock in trade, $6,225; stage to from summer tourists, $ 6,200. Churches and Schools. Congregational Church, Rev. Seth H. Keeler, pastor. There are five in 1778, died in 1779; Rev. Jere- miah Shaw, ordained in 1779; Rev. Joshua Dodge, settled in 1808. The first house for public worship was erected in 1773, and blown down by a violent east wind, in 1819. The Congregational church was formed March 12, 1777. Boundaries. North by Sandwich and Tarn worth, east by Ossipee and Tuftonborough, south by Lake Winnipiseogee, and west by Centre Harbor and Squam Lake. Area of improved land, 14,265 acres. Distances. Fifty By Railroads. Meredith Railroad. expected When that shire Central, Ossipee through on the and Montreal station, ten miles, Concord, Boston, daily completed, the it is New-Hamp- and Meredith and Railroads tliis town. will pass MOUNT VERNON. Hillsborough Count?. The town is uneven and surface of this is strong and productive, well adapted to grass and grain. On many of the eleva- elevated, but the soil ; schools in town, average length for the year, twenty weeks. Literary Institution. Institute Mc Collom was organized D. A. Anderson is in 1850; the Principal. Mount Vernon Public . Library. Library, 200 volumes, and Mc Collom Institute Library, 600. Hotels. One of the finest hotels in the State was burnt in this town, and has not been in April, 1872, rebuilt. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 264 First Organization. Mount Vernon was originally a part of Amherst, from which it was disannexed, and incorporated, Decem- ber 15, 1803. First tional Church. The Congrega- Church was organized here in 1780. North by NewBoundaries. Boston; east by Amherst, south by Amherst and Milford, and west by Lyndeborough. Area, 7,957 acres, improved land, 6,942 acres. Twenty-eight miles Distances south from Concord, -and three north-west from Amherst. Railroads. It is four and onehalf miles to Milford station, on the Wilton railroad. NASHUA. Hillsborough County. Nashand part shire town of the county, is one of the most im- ua (a city) portant cities in the State, being the second in the value of its manufactories, the third in population, and fourth in wealth. It presents a very even surface in the eastern portion, while the western part is more broken, but not mountainous. The soil is varied and easy of cultivation, and produces good crops, especially along the banks of the rivers. It is and the Nashua River, having source in Massachusetts, flows in a north-easterly direction through the city, and joins the Merrimack near the principal settlement. This river near its mouth furnishes some excellent der, its water power, which the called who had " Nashaway,' their headquarters on its banks, in the present town of LanIt was a caster", Massachusetts. great resort for them near the Falls in Nashua for fishing, and, above and below its mouth, on the Merrimack, for cultivation. Salmon Brook is a considerable flowing from stream, Massachusetts, and joins the Merrimack here. There is some water power, which is improved. This city is noted for its sive Iron Mills and Cotton factories exten- Manu- and the enterprising and public spirit of its inhabitants. It one of the largest railroad centres in the State. No less than six railroads have their termini here viz. Boston, Lowell and Nashua, Worcester and Nashua, Nashua and Acton, Nashua and Wilton, Concord and Nashua and RochesThese various ter Railroads. is roads lead to all sections of the country, north, east, south, and west. It has many fine streets, beautifully shaded, and many of the private residences are fine structures and compare favorably with those of any city or town in the State. Some of the business blocks are large and very expensive a number of which have been built within a few years. The City Hall is a fine brick building, having a dome surmounted by a large gilt eagle. The mercantile houses are principally located on two streets, and contain about one hundred and twenty-five stores and shops for trade of various kinds many of them being large, with goods finely displayed. There are eleven church edifices, twenty; well watered by ivers and smaller streams. The Merrimack washes its eastern borRivers. dians occupied by large Cotton Manufactories. The river was named for a tribe of Inis — eight schools, three hotels, seven �265 NASHUA. houses, five banks, two weekly and two daily newspapers, 2,100 dwelling houses and about eating 12,000 inhabitants. The per cent, of increase in wealth and population, for the past three years, has been quite as great as that of any city in the State. The manufac- Manufactories. tures are varied and quite extensive, the most important of which are as follows Nashua Manufacturing Company, capital, §1,000,000; employs 300 800 women and chil- men and dren; annual payroll §360.000; produce 13,970,891 yards of fine sheetings, print cloth, and cotton valued at $ 1,862,275. Jackson Manufacturing Company, capital, § 600,000, employ 100 men, and 350 women and children annual pay roll $ 150,000 produce 9,054,800 yards of cotton cloth, valued at § 1,086,576. Vale Mills. Capital, §300,000; employ 30 men, and 50 women and children annual pay roll $ 24, 000, and produce 884,000 yards of cotton cloth valued at § 97,200 Nashua Iron and Steel Company, capital, $ 500,000 employ 300 men annual pay roll § 180,000 flannels, ; ; ; ; value of productions, §2,000,000. This Company produces steel tire, locomotives, cranks, heavy iron and steel shafting, and all kinds of Nashua Foundry, capital, § 45, employ 70 men; annual 000.00; pay roll, §36,000; annual sales, § 100,000. Warner and Whitney. Machine employ Shop, capital, § 50,000 60 men pay roll § 28,000 annual value of productions, § 100,000. A. H, Saunders, Machinist, capanital, § 25,000 employs 10 men nual pay roll, §8,600; production, § 40,000. Flathen & Company, Machinists, capital, § 12,000; employ 16 men; annual pay roll §9,600; produc; ; ; ; ; tion, §24,000. Nashua Lock Company, capital, employ 134 males, and annual pay roll, § 60, 16 females §60,000, ; 000 ; sales, § 180,000. American Patent Horse Clipping Company, capital, § 10,000 patent sales, § 10,000. Nashua Card and Glazed Paper Company, capital, § 100,000, employ 75 males, and 75 females, an; nual pay roll, §57,000; annual value of productions, § 450,000. Eaton and Ayer, bobbins, spools and shuttles for cotton and woolen employ factories. Capital §100,000, 200 men, pay roll, ductions, § 175,000. Fletcher, Webster facturers of § 84,000 & Co., ; pro- manu- black walnut and chestnut furniture, capital §75,000 employ 60 males and 20 females heavy and light iron and steel work. Their- grounds cover twenty acres. Within their enclosure, are six large buildings each 200 feet long, and 75 feet wide, making the area covered with buildings about two annual pay-roll, §44,600; sales, § 120,000. Nashua Novelty Works, manu- acres. Capital, Nashua Iron Company, capital, §60,000; employ 95 men; annual and pay § 52,800 annual value of production, § 190,000. roll, ; facture bird cages, toy sleds, toy wagons, and almost every description of toys in the juvenile line. § 25,000 3 females; ; employ 15 males annual pay-roll, §9,600; sales, §30,000. Gregg & Son, doors, sash and blinds; capital, §65,000; employ �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 266 65 men; pay-roll, $36,000; annual dist, Rev. H. L. Kelsey; sales, $96,000. Melendy & Co., planing and mouldings, capital, $20,000; employ 12 men, annual pay-roll, $7, 200; business $65,000 annually; Unitari- Gorman; Univer- an, Rev. T. L. salist, lumber $60,000, and flour and meal ground, $ 13,400. (See tables.) There are, also, annually produced, monuments, grave stones, and granite cutting, $ 100,000 confectionery and baker's bread, $120, matresses, $ 50,000 gas, $ 40, 000 000; newspaper and job printing, ; ; ; $45,000; bedsteads, $10,000; besides soap-stone work, Underhiirs edge tools, wooden boxes, paper suspenders, and various other mechanical shops and trades, such as tailors, milliners, shoe boxes, workmen, blacksmiths, carpenters, The total cappainters, &c, &c. invested in manufacturing, of every description, is $3,436,300; number of males employed, 1690; ital females, Annual amount 1380. annual paid for labor, $ 1,374,000 value of productions, $ 7,393,500. Productions of the Resources. ; soil, $1,374,000; ional mechanical labor, engaged in profess- $88,550; and personal business, trade and transportation, 1080 persons; annual amount received for their labor, $ 648,000 stocks and bonds, $ 188,040, money at interest, $ 53, 098; deposits in savings banks, $ 1, 410,231 stock in trade, $ 994,000. First Churches and Pastors. ; ; Congregational, Rev. F. Alvord; Oliver St. Congregational, Rev. J. S. Blake; Pearl Street Congregational, Rev. C. Wetherby; First Roman Catholic, Rev. J. O' Donnell, priest; French Roman Catholic, Rev. J. Millette, priest; Main V. A. Chestnut Street Metho- Street Methodist, Rev. Cooper; Rev. L. A. Philbrook; BapRev. G. W. Nicholson; Episcopal, Rev. J. B. Goodrich, rector. Many of these Churches have very fine edifices. The French Catholic church is new and a handsome and expensive structist, ture. Schools. There are twenty-eight graded schools. Average length of schools, for the year, thirty-nine weeks. 2,325. Number of scholars, Amount of money annu- appropriated for school pur$ 26,400.65, or $ 11.36 to each scholar in the city. A high school building is to be erected on the grounds of the old cemetery, on Spring Street, at an expense of $ 65,000, also one at the Harborborough, costing $ 10,000. When these two school buildings are completed, the value of school houses, including lots, will be $ 170,000. But one other city in the State appropriates as much money ally poses, The high under the charge of H. Hussey. The Nashua for school purposes. school T. W. is Literary was estabDavid Crosby is Institution lished in 1835. the principal. (See Literary In- stitutions.) Libraries. ry, 6,000 Nashua City LibraPersons own- volumes. ing private libraries, of 600 volumes or over, are A. H. Saunders, Dr. E. Spaulding, William BarH. B. Atherton, Judge G. Y. Sawyer, Hon. John H. Goodale, W. W. Bailey, and Rev. J. O Donnell. New - Hampshire Newspapers. Telegraph, weekly; Daily Telegraph; New-Hampshire Gazette, and Hillsborough .County Adverrett, 1 �267 NASHUA. tiser, weekly; and Nashua Daily Nashua Gazette. Historical So- First Settlements. Nashua was settled prior to 1673, and was thp settlement in southern ciety is in a flourishing condition, earliest having a large collection of an- October 15, New-Hampshire. 1673, it was incorporated by Mas- tique curiosities. (See tables.) First National Bank, Banks. Indian Head National Bank, capital, $270,000; City Savings Bank, Nashua Savings Bank, and Metotal chanics' Savings Bank; amount of deposits, $ 2,861,102.82. (See tables.) Indian Head House and Hotels. Tremont House. Pennichuck WaWatenvorks. terworks were constructed in 1854. The water is taken from an artificial pond, containing from twenty to thirty acres, and is fed by many The water never-failing springs. forced into a large reservoir, half a mile north of the City Hall, and about one hundred and ten is under the name of Dunstable, and comprised within sachusetts, borders, Hollis, Merrimack, and Hudson, in New-Hampshire, and Tyngsborough, -Dunstable, and parts of Groton, Peperell, and Townsend, in Massachusetts, and Litchfield, portions of Pelham, Milford, and Brookline, in NewHampshire. It belonged to Mas- its sachusetts till the division line be- tween the two provinces was setIt was incorporated tled, in 1741, by New-Hampshire, April 1746, under the same name, and continued so till 1837, when it was changed to Nashua. In 1680, there thirty families in town. were above its foundation. Hydrants have been placed at convenient distances through the city proper, to guard against devastating fires. The water is pure, soft and excellent for culinary Among use. In 1803, a post office was established at the village of Nashua, then feet Future, Its section of more Few cities in this New-England have a flattering future, as to in- crease of wealth, population, and all other advances in civilization, such as schools, churches, benevolent societies, railroads, etc. With coming from all its six sections of the country, its large iron mills, constantly increasing in business, extensive cotton factories, and other important manufactories, there is no doubt but it will increase in every resource, fifty per cent, within the next ten years. its many She yields the palm to none of her sister cities, in the mechanical and inventive genius of her sons. the first settlers in this was Edward Tyng, who came here soon after it was incorThe names of Weld, porated. locality, Blanchard, Waldo, were among the Cummings &c. first settlers. containing a few stores, hotel and The several dwelling houses. canal boat was launched first about this time, with much parade, and christened, " The Nashua," and " Nashua Village." The charter for the turing Nashua Manufac- Company was obtained in and Mill No. 1 went into operation in December, 1825. In 1827, No. 2 Mill was built, and No. 3 in 1824, 1836. Indians. Dunstable was the frontier settlement, for over fifty and as such was exposed to Indian attacks, and subjected to all the cruelties and hardships of a years, �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 268 savage warfare. war in 1675, the doned. During Philip's town was aban- neither acted with ty. The much soldiers, so proprie- suddenly in- several persons terrupted in their jovial entertain- were killed. In 1702, a party of Indians made an assault upon the ment, found themselves called upon to fight, when entirely destitute of arms, and incapable of obtaining any. The greater part were panic struck, and unable to fight Fortunately, all or fly. were In 1691, settlement, and killed several per- among whom was Thomas Weld. sons, the Rev. On the third day of July, 1706, a party of Indians made a descent upon Dunstable, (now Nashua), where they fell on a garrison that had twenty troopers in it. The troopers had been ranging the woods in the vicinity, and at night came towards the garrison appre; hending no danger, they turned upon the interarms and harness the house, and began a carousal, their horses loose val, piled their in to exhilirate their spirits after the The Indians had lately arrived in the vicinity. That day they had designed attack to both Wells' and fatigues of the day. One of their number had been "stationed to Golusha's garrisons. watch each of these houses, to see that no assistance approached, and no alarm was given. A short time previous to the arrival of the cavalry, the Indian stationed at Wells' returned to his party, an d all was safe. At Mr. Cummings and his wife went out to milk their cows and left the gate open. The Indians who had advanced undiscovered, started up, shot Mrs. Cummings dead upon the spot, and reported that sunset, a wounded her husband. They through the open gate into the house, with all the horrid yells of conquering savages, but started with amazement at finding the room filled with solders, merrily feasting. Both parties were completely amazed, and then rushed not in this sad condition some six or seven men, with chairs, clubs, and whatever they could seize upon, furiously attacked the advancing foe. The Indians who were as much surprised as the soldiers, had but little more courage than they, and immediately took to their heels for safety, thus yielding the house, defeated by one quarter of their number of unarmThe trumpeter, who ed men. was in the upper part of the house at the time of the attack, seized trumpet, and commenced his sounding an alarm, when he was shot dead by an Indian on the stair way. He was the only one of the party killed. September 4, 1724, the Indians again fell on Dunstable, and took two captives in the evening. The persons taken were Nathan Cross, and Thomas Blanchard, who had ; been engaged in the manufacture of turpentine, on the north side of the Nashua River, near where the city of Nashua now stands. At were no houses nor that time there settlements on that side of the rivThese men had been in the er. habit of returning every night, to lodge in a saw mill on the other That night, not returning side. as usual, an alarm was feared was given. had fallen that they It in- A parto the hands of the Indians. ty consisting of ten of the princi- pal inhabitants of the place start- �NASHUA. ed in search of them, under the direction of one French, a sergeant of militia. In this company was Farwell, who was afterward lieutenant under Lovewell. When < they arrived at the spot where the men had been laboring, they cut, the hoops of the barrel* and the turpentine spread up- on the found ground. From certain marks upon the trees, made with coal mixed with grease, they understood that the men were taken In the and carried off alive. course of this examination, Farwell perceived that the turpentine had not ceased spreading, and called the attention of his comrades to this circumstance. They concluded that the Indians had been gone but a short time, and must still be near, and decided upon instant pursuit. Farwell advised them to take a circuitous route to avoid any ambush. But, unfortunately, he and French, a short time previous, had had a misunderstanding, and were still at variance. French imputed this advice to cowardice, and called out, " I am going* to take the direct path if any of you are not afraid, let him follow me." French led the way, and the whole party followed, falling in the rear. Farwell Their route was up the Merrimack, towards which they bent their course, to look for their horses upon the interval. At the ; Lutwyche's (now brook, near Thornton's Ferry,) they were wayThe Indians fired upon them laid. and killed the larger part instant- A few fled, but were overtaken French was killand destroyed. ed about a mile from the place of ly. action. Farwell, in the rear, see- ing those before him fall, sprang 269 behind a and ran. discharged his rifle Indians pursued him the chase was vigorously maintained for some time, without gaining much advantage, till Farwell passing through a thicket, the Indians lost sight of him, and fearing he might have loaded again, they desisted. Farwell wa3 the only one of the company that escaped. A company from the neighborhood mustered, upon the news of this disaster, proceeded to the fated spot, took up the bodtree, Two ; ies of their friends and townsmen, and intered them in the burying ground. Blanchard and Cross were carried to Canada after remaining there some time, they ; succeeded, by their own exertions, in effecting their^edemption, and returned to their native town. In 1725, John Lovewell with Josiah Farwell as lieutenant, raised a company of volunteers, and marched northward in pursuit of In their two first expeditions, they killed eleven Indians, and took some prisoners; but in the third they met with a disastrous defeat by incautiously falling into an ambuscade at Lovewell's Pond, in Fryeburg, Maine. Sixteen were killed and eleven the enemy. wounded. Among the killed were Captain Lovewell, Lieutenant Farwell and Ensign Robins, all of Dunstable. The noted chief " Pagus," was killed. This disaster was a hard blow to the settlement, but it brought peace to this whole section of New England, and taught the Indians that swift retribution was sure to follow their savage cruelties to the settlers. The song of the heroes of " Lovewell Fight," was cherished, and sung at, the evening fireside, by the �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 270 sons and daughters of the settlers, for many years. In 1842, the northern portion of Nashua, on the north side of Nashua river, and on the south side as far as the Concord railroad, was disannexed and formed into a town called Nashville, and dividing the village by the river, leaving in the new town the Depot, the Jackson Cotton Mills, three churches, two hotels, fifteen or twenty stores and over two thousand inhabitants. This division was caused largely on the location of the Town Hall. City Charter. In 1853, the two towns were consolidated and chartered as the city of Nashua. The mayors under the city charter have been, in 1853, Joseph Baldwin; 1855, Freeman S. Rogers; 1857, Thomas W. bin Beard yer; Morrill; Spaulding; man; 1868, 1858, Al- ; Aaron W. SawGeorge Bowers; 1862, 1861, Hiram T. Gillis 1860, ; Edward Virgin C. 1865, 1866, 1864, Gilman George Bowers Gil- Scripture; 1869, ; Jona- Otterson; 1871, Dana 1872, Seth D. Chandler; 1873, Frank A. McKean. than D. Sargent; The population, decades, has been, 1790, 632; 1800, at the various in 705; 1775, 862; 1810, 1,049; 1820, 1,142; 1830, 2,417; 1840, 5,960; 1850, 8,942; 1860, 10,065; and 1870, At no time since 1840, has town increased in population, and business more rapidly than it has since 1870, and the num10,541 the ber of inhabitants is now (1874,) estimated at 12,000—polls, 2,800. The valuation of the city is $10, 388,693. First Ministers. Rev. Thomas Weld, Congregational settled in 1685; killed by the Indians in 1702, ; Rev. Nathaniel Prentice, settled in 1718; died in 1737; Rev. Josiah Swan, settled in 1738; dismissed in 1746 Rev. Samuel Bird, settled in 1747; dismissed in 1751; Rev. Joseph Kidder, settled in 1767; ; died in 1818. • Boundaries. North by Merrimack, east by Litchfield and Hudson, south by Tyngsborough and Dunstable Massachusetts, and west by Hollis. Area, 18,898 acres; area of improved land, 6, 069 acres. Distances. Thirty-five south from Concord, and north of west from Boston. miles forty NELSON. Cheshire County. Nelson is on the height of land, between the Connecticut and Merrisituated mack Rivers. but affords The soil is The surface is hilly excellent pasturage. generally hard to culti- vate, but yields the husbandman a good return for his labor. Harrisville was disannexed from its southern part, and, with the northern portion of Dublin, formed into a separate totvn, with the name of Harrisville, in 1870. Ponds. There are several ponds in town of which Long Pond is the largest. Employments. Agriculture is the principal vocation of the peoAt a small village, called ple. Monsonville, in the north-west section of the town, are several manufactories. J. D. Colony & Sons' cotton mill annually manufactures 468,000 yards cotton sheetThere ing, valued at $58,500. are, also, chair, lumber, and other small mechanical shops. Productions of the Resources. soil, $22,362; mechanical labor, �271 NEW-BOSTON. $ 16,800 terest, banks, $ stocks and ; $ 5,600 ; money at in- deposits in savings stock in trade, $48,781; 7,645. Churches and Schools. CongreMark Gould, pasThere are six schools in tor. town. Average length of schools, for the year, sixteen weeks. gational, Rev. The town was Monadnock numwas granted by First Settlement. originally called ber six. It the Masonian proprietors, February 22, 1774, under the name of Packersfield, and included a part of Roxbury. It was changed to its present name in June, 1814. Breed Batchelder and Dr. Nathaniel Breed commenced the first settlement in 1767. The Congrega- First Minister. be found show in different localities, that the agricultural inter- wholly neglected. Several Streams and Ponds. streams water this town, the largest of which is the south branch of the Piscataquog River, having its source in Pleasant Pond, in Beard's Pond, and Francestown. Jo English Pond are the principal bodies of water. There are many good water privileges. Elevations. In the south part is a considerable elevation, called Jo English Hill, one side of est is not which is nearly perpendicular. The scenery around here partakes of the largely alpine character, with rocks piled on rocks, and hills on hills. Agriculture is Employments. Church was organized here, Rev. Joseph January 31, 1781. Foster was installed as its pastor the same year. He was dismissed the principal vocation of the in- in 1791. annually produced. There are annually manufactured, news paper, valued at $78, tional Boundaries. North by Stoddard, east by Hancock, south by Harrisville, and west by Sullivan. Distances. Forty miles southwest from Concord, and eleven north from Keene. Railroad. By stage, three times a week, eleven miles, to Keene station. NEW BOSTON. New Hillsborough County. Boston is an important farming town, ranking as the fourth in the county in the value of its agricultural productions. Its surface is uneven, consisting of fertile hills, productive vales, and some valuable meadows. The soil is favora- ble for all the various productions common State, to this section and the many fine of the farms to habitants. 1,200 bushels wheat, pounds and 3,600 tons of hay are 7,600 bushels corn, 36,000 butter, 300; leather, $8,400; 20,000 clap225,000 shingles and laths, boards ; 1,500,000 feet boards and dimension timber, valued at $27,300; 15,000 bushels grain ground, $24,000; 900 door piano forte cases, $ 15,000 knobs, $1,500; besides, bureaus and fancy boxes, harnesses, boots, shoes, &c. There are also carpenters, blacksmiths, painters, masons and other trades. The total value of mechanical goods, annually produced, is $ 178,400. ; The lower village, which lies in a deep, narrow valley, and on the Piscataquog, is the seat of considerable trade and manufacturing, having a church, graded school, several stores, hotel, etc. Resources. Productions of the �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 272 soil, $ 150,057 mechanical labor, $ 32,500 stocks and money at interest, $ 18,030 deposits in savings banks, $ 187,923 stock in trade, $ 20,000 from summer tourists, $ 3,000 professional business, $ 12,000. Baptist, Churches and Schools. NEWBCRTT. ; Merrimack County. Newbury ; ; uneven and broken with is hills, and Rev. John Atwood, pastors; but the soil is deep and fertile, and produces large crops of corn, wheat, oats and potatoes. Rivers and Ponds. Todd's pond, 500 rods long, and 60 wide, is the largest body of water in town. This pond affords a small branch Presbyterian, Rev. D. C. Frink,, to There are fifteen schools in town, two of which are graded. Average length of schools, for the year, eighteen weeks. Value of school houses, $ 8,050. Hotel and Livery Stable. Columbian Hotel. H. Lynch, livery lies ; ; ; Rev. Jesse M. Colburn, (in 1870), pastor. stable. Persons by of Cochran, Wilson, McNeil, Ferson and First Settlements. the name Caldwell, Smith made the 1733. It first settlement, in was granted, by Massa- chusetts, to inhabitants of Boston, January years, 14, was Boston." It 1736, and, for called " Lane's many New- was incorporated by New -Hampshire, 1763, as February 18, New-Boston. Fifty years ago the town contained 1,686 in- habitants; at present, (1870) 1,241. First Minister. Rev. Solomon Moor, ordained in 1768, died in 1803. Warner River. Sunapee Lake on its western border. Employments. The people are generally engaged in farming. 1, 100,000 feet of lumber is annually sawed. (See tables.) Resources. $ 81,174; soil, $5,000; stocks, and money at in$13,150; stock in trade, $ 6,375; deposits in savings banks, terest, $44,555. Churches and Schools. There is one church of the Freewill Baptist denomination, seventy-four members no pastor, at present. There are eleven schools in town. Average length of schools for the year, fifteen weeks. Hotel. Sunapee Mountain House. This new hotel was opened, for the ; time, in July, 1873. first tensive and delightful was Area, 26,536 acres 1778 ; area of im- view of the surrounding country can be ob- tained. First Organization. Newbury originally called Dantzic. proved land, 15,947 acres. field, Twenty-two miles south from Concord, and nine north from Amherst. Railroads. Railway station, at Parker's, on the Manchester and North Weare Railroad. in Distances. It is sit- uated near the summit of Sunapee mountain. From this house a fine view of Sunapee lake and an ex- North by Weare, and Bedford, south by Mount Vernon and Lyndeborough, and west by Lyndeborough and Francestown. Boundaries. east Dy Goffstown Productions of the mechanical labor, In took the name of Fishersand derived its present name it 1837. It was first settled by Zephaniah Clark, in 1762. North by NewBoundaries. London, east by Sutton, south by Bradford, and west by Goshen and Sunapee. �NEW-CASTLE Distances. — NEW-DURHAM. Thirty miles west by north from Concord. Railroad. Sugar River Railroad passes through the town. New- Castle is situated in Portsmouth harbor, and was formerly called Great Island. It is connected with The Portsmouth by a bridge. town is rocky and but a small part is fit to till. Fort Constitution is located on also a light-house. this Island ; Employments. The soil among the rocks is of good quality and is made to yield abundantly. Fishing pursued with success. About 12,000 pairs of men's and women's 'boots and shoes are annually made. is of years Chief Justice of the Province of New-IIampshire, Secretary born in this town, Dec. 20, 1697, and died, Sept. 22, 1789. First Ministers. Rev. John Emerson, ordained in 1704, dismissed in 1712. Rev. William Shurtleff, settled in 1712, dismissed in 1732. Rev. John Blunt, settled in 1732, died in 1748. Rev. David Robinson, settled in 1748, died in Stephen Rev. gational, Rev. Lucius Alden, pas- pastor ply. ; H. Graves, and Advent, transient supschool district with three One Chase, 1749. settled in died in 1778. Rev. Oliver Noble, settled in 1784, died in 1792. Distances. An Island in Portsmouth harbor, about three miles 1750, from the Eastern Railroad depot, in Portsmouth. Churches, Schools and Library. There are three churches, Congretor; Christian, Rev. J. of the latter City. Hon. for a number Theodore Atkinson, and President of the Council, was NEWCASTLE. Rockingham County. was part 273 NEW DURHAIU. Strafford County. face is uneven, The and a sur- portion The soil is moist and well adapted to grazing. Good crops rocky. average length of schools weeks. There is a town library of 400 volumes. of corn, oats and potatoes are pro- for the year, 26 duced. Summer Resorts. About one hundred summer tourists stay in this town through the warm weath- five ponds, schools er. ; They find entertainment at private residences. veyance runs A public from con- Portsmouth twice a day, distance three miles. Resources. Productions of the soil, $5,160 annually; mechanical labor, fisheries, $20,000; not known deposits in savings bank, $33,523; stock in trade, $14,407; summer tourists, $ 5,000. ; First Settlers. The first settlement of New-Castle, no doubt, commenced about as soon as that of Dover or Portsmouth, but there is no positive date, as it originally Ponds and Rivers. There are the largest of which, Merry Meeting Pond, is about ten miles in circumfei'ence. A never failing stream issues from it and discharges into Merry Meeting Bay in Alton. Ellis River flows from Coldrain Pond into Farmington, and on it are some fine water privileges. The ..Cocheeo River, also, has its source in this town. Mountains. Mount Betty, Cropple-crown, and Straw's Mountains are the principal eminences. On the north-easterly side of Straw's Mountain, is a remarkable cave, the entrance to which is about three feet wide and ten feet high. The outer room is twenty feet �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 274 under present name, Dec. square; the inner apartments become smaller, until, at the distance of fifty feet, they are too small to be investigated. The sides of these ated, rooms are solid granite, and bear marks of having been once united. The south side of Rattlesnake hill is one hundred feet high and near- removed Several other hills in this town contain precipices and cavities, some of con- east by Farmington, and west and south-west by Alton. Area, 23,625 ly perpendicular. siderable extent. is the employment of the people, although there are some manufactories of importance. The Union Powder works annually manufac49,000 gallons of acid, and 250 tons of Excelsior, valued at ture S 10,150. First Minister. Rev. Nathaniel Porter, D. D., ordained in 1773, (See Conway.) North-west by Wolfeborough, and Alton, east by in 1777. Boundaries. Brookfield and Middleton, south- acres. About thirty - five from Concord, and twenty-two north-west from miles north-east Dover. Railroad. Dover and Winnipiseogee Railroad passes through the town. NEW-HAITIPTOIV. There are annually sawed 4,000 clapboards; 700,000 shingles, and its 1762. Distances. Employments. Agriculture chief 7, Belknap County. town The sur- broken and is remarkably and timber, valued at $ 22,500. There are several other small manufac- face of this tories in town. crops of grain and grass. 1,500,000 feet of boards 100,000 pairs of shoes are annually made. There in plenty of good water power un- improved. Resources. Annual agricultural productions, $62,233; mechanical S 29,300 deposits in savings banks, § 40,613 money at interest, $ 800 stock in trade, $ 14,000. labor, ; ; ; Summer Tourists. The various this town is uneven, but the soil fertile, and produces excellent Pemigewasset River, Rivers. which washes its western boundary, is the only stream of any note in town. On the west side of a remarkable spring, from which issues a stream It is sufficient to supply mills. never affected by rains or droughts Springs. Kelley's Hill is tourists to visit and empties into the river after running one mile. Elevation. In the south part of is the natural curiosities in have caused some of the summer it. When the town more fully known, no doubt it will become one of their summer resorts. Churches and Schools. There are two churches, Freewill Baptist and Advents, and thirteen schools average length of schools for the year, nine weeks. ; First Settlers. New-Durham was granted to Ebenezer Smith and others, in 1749. It was incorpor- hill, town is a high, conical-shaped which can be seen for quite a distance in almost any direction. The village of NewVillage. Hampton is pleasantly situated among the hills and mountains, from the crests of which a beautitiful and delightful view of the village and the surrounding country can be obtained. There are two churches, a literary institu- �275 NEWINGTON. tion, five or six stores, of various some seventy or eighty kinds, and neat dwellings. Employments.- borough, of which he was one of the principal The people are The proprietors. simple request of General Moulton, and he Governor granted this New-Hampton, honor in largely called there of his native town. This "small" gore of land contained 19,422 acres, a part of which now constitutes engaged in agriculture. But some lumber is sawed, and wheelwrights, are black- smiths, tailors, etc. Resources. Agricultural productions, $ mechanical labor, money at interest, $ 18, $ 137,240 4,000 ; in savings banks, deposits 800; $46,479; ; stock in trade, $6,510; from summer tourists, $ 900. Churches and Schools. Freewill Baptist, Rev. E. H. Prescott, pastor; Calvin Baptist, Rev. D. M. Dearborn, pastor. There are thir- it Center Harbor. Rev. First Ministers. Ward, Jeremy (Baptist,) ordained in 1782, died in 1816; Rev. Salmon Hibbard, ordained in 1800, dismissed in 1816. Boundaries. North by Ashland and Holderness, east by Center Harbor and Meredith, south by Sanbornton and Hill, and west by and Bridgewater. Area, area of improved 19,422 acres; Average teen schools in town. length of schools, for the year, fif- Bristol teen weeks. NewInstitution. Literary Hampton Literary and Biblical Institution, A. B. Meservey, princi- land, 13,750 acres. pal. Railroads. The Montreal Railroad passes through the extreme northern part of the town. Five miles to Bristol station, on the Bristol Branch of the Northern The Portland and RutRailroad. land Railroad will pass through the town, if ever built. Social Libraries. Fraternity, 3,500; Literary Adelphi, 3,000 vol- umes, and Ladies' volumes. Hotel. ue, $ 200 Wankeneto House, val- 3,000. First ton Library, Settlement. was formerly a New-Hamppart of Moul- tonborough Gore, and was called Moultonborough addition. The first settler was Samuel Kelley, who moved General here in 1775. In 1763, Jonathan Moulton, of Hampton, having an 1,400 ox, weighing pounds, fattened for the pur- Hag upon his horns, and drove him to Portsmouth, as a present to Governor Wentworth. The General refused any compensation for the ox, but he would like a charter of a small gore of land he had discovered adjoining the town of Moulton- pose, hoisted a Thirty - five miles Distances. north-west from Concord, and fifteen north-west from Gilford. NEWINGTON. Rockingham County. all Nearly town But and few of the inhabitants in this are engaged in agriculture. few are considered rich, are classed as poor, there being but two persons dependent on the town. The soil, near the water, is rich, and yields good crops of grain and grass ; but certain portions of the town are sandy and unproductive. Schools. There is but one school district in town. school -house was In 1872, a built, brick costing �276 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. NEW-IPS W1CH. $ 5,500. The upper story is to be used as a town hall, and the lower The part for school purposes. schools are considered good, as the people take quite an interest in the future welfare of their children. Indians. In May, 1690, a party of Indians, led by a sagamore, by the name of Hapgood, made an attack on Fox Point, and destroyed several houses, killed fourteen persons and took six prisoners. inhabitants pursued the Indians, and, after a severe action, The some of the captives were recovered, and part of the plunder. The chief, Hapgood, was severely wounded. Annual productions Resources. of the soil, $59,042: deposits in savings banks, $ 17,839 stocks, bonds and money at interest, $7,150. Newington was originally a of Portsmouth and Dover. It was called " Bloody Point," for many years, on account of a bloody fight in 1631, and was settled over two hundred years part Incorporated in July, 1764. Ministers. Rev. Joseph Adams, ordained in 1715, and died in 1783. Rev. Joseph Langdon, ordained in 1788, dismissed in ago. First Hillsborough County. The of a clayey loam, very productive, when properly cultivated. soil is There are many fine farms under a high state of cultivation. Souhegan Rivers and Ponds. River is the principal stream, and affords some valuable waThe first or second ter power. Cotton Manufactory, built in this State, was situated on this river, There are several in this town. brooks in various sections of the town. Pratt's and Hoar's Pond's, contain about fifty acres each. The Village. is village principal in the centre of the town, in a beautiful and fertile valley. Here are several church edifices, several bank, two hotels, Appleton Academy, and forty or fifty dwellThe houses are neat ing houses. and substantial, many of them stores, built in the style so among gentlemen who common lived in the country forty or fifty years ago, with spacious yards and gardens, while others are modern cottages but all betoken a degree of wealth and prosperity, for which the people are distinguished. Summer Resorts. location has justly The pleasant drawn the at- 1810. tention of many tourists who spend a few weeks in the summer Boundaries. North-east by the Piscataqua, east by Portsmouth, The number south by Greenland and Great Bay, and west and north-west by Great and Little Bays. Area, timated at 200. Employments. months in this pleasant town. of visitors of this class, through the summer, is es- Distances. Forty-four miles east south-east from Concord, and five The people are generally engaged in agriculture, but their manufactories are important. A cotton factory belong- west from Portsmouth. Railroads. The Portsmouth and Dover Railroad passes through this town. ing to the Columbian Manufacturing Company, was burned in 1871. Chairs, ciIt has been rebuilt. gars, boxes, bedsteads, harnesses, 5,273 acres. �NEW-LONDON. lumber, machine work, &c, are manufactured, to the value of $ 72, 400 annually. Resources. soil, $ $92,995; money 19,100; 450; Productions of the mechanical labor, in savings deposits $ 85, 128 stock from summer ; at interest, in trade, tourists, $ 12, banks, $ 24,048 $ 6,000 277 and Mason, south by Massachuand west by Rindge. Area, 20,860 acres. Area of improved setts, land, 9,620 acres. Fifty Distances. miles south- west from Concord, and eighteen south-west from Amherst. Railroad. By stage, twice a day, to Greenville station, three miles on the Peterborough and professional business, $ 15,000. distant, CongreChurches and Schools. gational, Rev. T. S. Robie, pastor Methodist, Rev. Jacob F. Spauld- Shirley Railroad. ing, pastor; Baptist, no pastor; There are thirteen schools in town average length, for the year, twenty weeks. New Ipswich Academy was incorporated, June 18, 1789. Appleton Academy is the name of the institution there, at the literary present time. John Herbert is the ry, 1,000 New-Ipswich Libra- volumes. New-Ipswich Savings Bank. Bank. (See tables.) Hotels. Clark's Hotel, and Appleton House. New-IpSettlements. First swich was originally called Ipswich Canada, and was settled prior to 1749, by Reuben Kidder, Archibald White, Joseph and Ebenezer Bullard, Joseph Stephens and eighty others. In 1750 it was granted by the Masonian proprietors, and incorporated September The town sent sixty men 9, 1762. Twenty-six men to Bunker Hill. gave up their lives in the great rebellion of 1861 to 1865. First tional 1750. County. The principal settlements of this town are formed on three large swells The soil is deep and of land. good. In some portions of the town, the land is rocky, but there is very little not capable of There are many fine cultivation. farms which clearly show they are cultivated by practical farmers. Principal. Library. NEW-LONDON. Merrimack Minister. A Congrega- Church was gathered in Rev. Stephen Farrer was ordained in 1760, died in 1809. North by Sharon Boundaries. and Temple, east by Greenville Sunapee Ponds and Streams. Lake separates New-London from the town of Sunapee. Little Sunapee Pond, one and one-half miles in length, and three-fourths of a mile in width, lies in the west part, and empties into Sunapee Near the centre of the Lake. town, are Harvey's and Messer's Ponds, which are the principal Warner River. Pleas- sources of ant Pond, in the north part, is nearly two miles long and one There are some elevations wide. in this section of the town, but they can hardly be considered mountains. The elevated location of the town, together with^its lake and ponds, afford some very delightful and attractive scenery, which has caused many tourists to visit here, through the summer months. One of the most flourishing institutions of learning in the State, is located here. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 278 The Employments. inhabitants are chiefly devoted to agriculture, but the manufactures are considerable. Over 4,500 dozens of scythes are annually manufactur750,000 ed, valued at $45,000. shingles, and 10,000 clapboards, &c, 150,000 feet of boards, are an- nually sawed; also, 8,000 bushels grain ground, and $24,000 worth of Agricultural pro- mechanical ductions, $ 78,678 bor.$ 20,300; stocks, la- &c, $9,200; money at interest, $ 46,990; deposin savings banks, its $30,488; stock in trade, $ 30,000 from summer tourists, $3,000; professional ; $ 10,000. Churches and Schools. Baptist, Christian Union, Rev. Lewis Phillips, pastor. There are public It is one of the largest literary institutions in the State. The school property is valued one hundred thousand dollars, besides an endowment of fifteen thousand dollars. There is a library connected with the at about containing 1,500 vol- umes. Seaman's House. First Settlements. was NEWMARKET. originally market New- a small township, but the soil is good, well cultivated, and produces excellent crops, which are readily sold in the vilis lage at fair prices. Rivers. Piscassick River passes through this town in a northerly direction. Lamprey River washes are located the cotton mills of the The twenty-four weeks. New-London Literary and Scientific Institution was incorporated Hotel. and Claremont Railroad. town. in year, institution, Thirty miles north schools, for the schools Average length of in 1854. Distances. north-eastern boundary and meets the tide water at Lamprey River village, over falls of more than twenty feet. At these falls ; seven land. of west from Concord. Railroad. Daily stage to Potter Place station, on the northern Railroad. Also daily stage to Bradford station, on the Concord Rockingham County. (See tables.) Resources. business, Area of improved 11,100 acres. and curried. tanned leather Lake. New-London called Dantzick, and was incorporated January 25, 1779. James Lamb and Nathaniel Merrill were the first settlers. First Church. A Baptist Church was formed October 23, 1788. Boundaries. North and east by Wilmot, south by Sutton and Newbury, and west by Sunapee its Newmarket Manufacturing Company. Below the falls, the water, at high tide, is of sufficient depth for vessels of one hundred and Coal, twenty tons to navigate. salt, and other heavy merchandise are frequently freighted up the Piscataqua, to Newmarket village. This village is the seat of considerable trade and manufacturing. There are three church edifices, two school houses, three hotels, town house, two banks, thirty-five, stores, various professional offices, four cotton mills, and various other manufactories. Manufacturing Employments. and mercantile trade are the principal employments of the inhabitants. 7,500,000 yards cotton cloth, and 24,000 pairs of boots and shoes are annually manufactured. The manufacture of sale clothing is an �NEWPORT. important branch of business. total value of goods annually manufactured, is $889,000. It is the centre of trade for the surrounding towns. Those engaged in agriculture find it remunera- The tive employment. Resources. soil, $64,519; $177,000; money its Productions of the mechanical labor, &c, $24,500; stocks, at interest, $22,100; depos- savings in banks, $89,894; stock in trade, $138,375; profes- sional business, etc., $75,000. Churches and Schools. Freewill Baptist, Rev. DeWitt C. Durgin, pastor Congregational, Rev. Isaac C. White, pastor; Methodist Episcopal, Rev. A. H. Wilkins, pastor. Total number of members, 465. Value of church ; 279 ed for her excellent qualities, and very much esteemed by all who knew her. She died here in 1819. Rev. Jobn First Ministers. Moody, Congregational, ordained in 1730, died in 1778. Rev. Nathaniel Ewers, settled in 1795, died in 1832. North by Lee and Boundaries. Durham, east by Great Bay, south by South Newmarket, and west Area of improved by Epping. land, 4,844 acres. Thirty-eight miles Distances. south of east from Concord, and eight nortb from Exeter. Railroads Boston and Maine Railroad passes through this town. NEWPORT. This is the shire town of Owing Sulli- There are two school districts and four schools in town. Average length of van county. schools for the year, twenty-four with the business character of its inhabitants, Newport has become one of the most important and enterprising towns in the western section of the State. For a number of years it has not kept pace in the march of improvement with other towns in the State, inferior property, $32,000. weeks. Total amount annually appropriated for school purposes, $2,736. Library. Newmarket Library Association. Washington Hotels. Newmarket Hotel, House, Railroad House. to its central water power, location, its valuable and railroad facilities, together originally a part of Exeter, in natural resources, for the lack of railroad facilities but that obstacle has been removed by the com- and was separated and incorporat- pletion of the Sugar River Rail- First Settlements. was ed December portion of 15, its Newmarket 1727. territory A large was de- tached, and the township of South Newmarket formed June 27, 1849. Mrs. Fanny Shute, when thirteen months old, was taken by a party of Indians, carried to Canada, and sold to the French. She was educated in a nunnery, and, after re- maining thirteen years in captivity, was redeemed and restored to her friends. Mrs. Shute was not- ; road, to this town, in and November, Claremont, in the fall Since the first date, busof 1872. iness, in every department, has made rapid strides, and improvements are seen on every hand. The surface of the town is generally uneven, frequently broken by considerable elevations; but on the borders of the Sugar River and its branches are large tracts 1871, of to interval land, yielding good �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 280 crops of corn, grass, &c. The soil on the uplands is strong and when properly tilled, produces excellent There are many valuable farms in this town, under high crops. The apple producmore valuable than in any other town in the county. Some of the finest maple sugar orchards cultivation. tions are may be found in this Forty thousand pounds of maple sugar are annually manuin the State, town. main street is more than a mile in length, crossing the river over a handsome bridge nearly in the of the village. On this street are located four elegant church edifices, the court and town house, jail and county buildings, three school-houses, two large hotels, two banks, the Argus and Spectator office, seven lawyers', three insurance, and six physi- centre cians' and factured. tween thirty Sugar River, the outSunapee Lake, together with the North and South branches, are shops for trade, of various kinds, and over one hundred dwelling houses. There are many other pleasant streets, with well built residences on them. The manufactories are valuable, being Rivers. let of the principal Near the streams in town. the Sugar rewaters of the South village, ceives the branch, which has its source in Lempster, Unity and Goshen thence flowing north about two miles, it meets the waters of the North branch, coming from Springfield, Grantham and Croydon, nearly in an opposite direction, whence it passes west through Claremont into the Connecticut. At the outlet of Sunapee Lake, there is a stone dam, with gates ar- ranged for drawing from the sur- face of the lake ten feet of water. The full capacity of this valuable reservoir has never been tested. Mountains. Bald, Coit, Blueberry ledge, and East mountains, are the principal elevations in situated on never offices, be- forty stores and dentists' and water power which The in a dry time. fails woolen manufactories annually produce 1,600,000 yards of flanThe nel, valued at $408,000. amount paid for labor, by these mills, is over $ 60,000. 18,000 sides of leather and 16,000 lbs. splits are annually produced, valued at $77, there is annually ground 19, bushels of grain, valued at $ 33,000. There are lumber mills, carpenter shops, and various other kinds of mechanical shops, com200 000 ; mon to a New-England village. The court house and town hall building was erected in the fall of and the spring and summer at an expense of over $40,000, and is one of the fin1872, town. From the summit of these mountains a fine view is presented of the surrounding country. Villages. On Sugar River, about six miles from Sunapee Lake, is located the thriving village of Newport. It is considered one of the pleasantest and most of enterprising villages in the State, buildings are large and substantial structures. Richards' building both in manufacturing and as a centre of mercantile trade. The est 1873, edifices State. The of the kind in hotels are new, the com- modious, and pleasantly located. The books number of over^ 12,000. is of the hotels show the arrivals last year to be Some one of the of the business finest mercantile �NEWPORT. blocks in the county. In the north part of the village is a beautiful common, shaded with the maple, and capacious enough to parade a regiment on. On either side of this common stand some of the finest residences in the village, adorned with yards and gardens. The future prospects of the inhabitants of this town are very flattering and ; their fond anticipations of seeing a large village, double its present may be fully realized within the next ten years. About two miles north-west from the principal village is the small, busy, manufacturing village of Northville. Here are annually made, 1,600 dozens of scythes, valued at $ 17,000 500 dozens of rakes; size, ; 13,000 butter tubs sides, there are 5,000 pails ; lumber ; mills, be- and Summer Resorts. But few local- the State offer better in- ducements to summer The than Newport. tourists fine roads, pleasant drives, and delightful views from the crests of its many hills, render it very attractive to lovers of country ural scenery in A pleasant ride homes and nat- its varied forms. of six miles brings you to the romantic shores of Sunapee Lake. This lake is about nine miles in length, and from one half to two miles in width. Three miles south of NeAvport village, is Unity Springs, which has become quite noted for its medical qualities. Its waters are highly charged with salts of iron, and possess Here is a fine tonic properties. hotel to accommodate The views from this house, of Sunapee Lake and the surrounding country, are some of the finest in the State. This house is becoming a popular summer resort. The number of tourists who spend their summer vacation in Newport and vicinity, is estimated at over five hundred. Employments. The employment of the inhabitants is nearly equally divided between agriculture on the one side, and mechanical, mercantile, and official business on the other, with the preponderance in favor of the latter. The capital invested for manufacturing purposes is over $ 375,000 the annual value of manufactured pro; ductions, $619,100. Annual value of agme- Resources. ricultural products, $ 148, 156 chanical labor, $117,700; other small manufactories. ities in 281 invalids and lovers of recreation. A ride on the cars, or by carriage, of six miles, carries you to the " Sunapee Mountain House" in Newbury. sional services, $ 105,000; &c, $64,800; money $ 41,724 ; professtocks, at interest, deposits in savings banks, $118,282; stock in trade, $105, from summer tourists, $ 15, 975 ; ; 000. Churches and Schools. The Con- gregational, Rev. G. W. R. Scott, pastor number of members, 248 ; church valuation, $ 50,000. Methodist, Rev. E. R. Wilkins, pastor; members, 230 valuation, $ 13,000. Baptist, Rev. H. C. Leavitt, pas; tor; members, 189; Christian There are eighteen school districts, and six- church at Northville. teen schools; average length for the year, twenty weeks; average amount of money annually appropriated for school purposes, $ 2,334. 50. It is intended to build a large school house(with all the modern improvements), in the village, the coming season, (1874.) Banks. There are two banks in �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. town, —the and National, First Newport Savings banks. Libraries. Newport Social brary, 400 volumes ; Li- Hon. Edmund Burke's private library, 6,000 volumes; besides several other private libraries with over 1,000 vol- umes each. Hotels. Newport House, and Phenix Hotel. First Settlers. Ezra Parmelee, then about twenty-one years of age, in company with Dea. Jesse Wilcox, and his two sons, Jesse and Phineas Samuel Hurd and Jesse Kelsey, came, early in the month of June, 1766 occupied the lands to which they were entitled, built their camps, and commenced the actual settlement of the town. These men were from old Kilingworth, Connecticut. Some years later, John McGregory, (fath- — — John McGregory, M. Joel McGregory, and Deacon er of the late B.,) Daniel Chapin, made a settlement in the north-western section of the town. Joel McGregory died a few years since, aged one hundred and one years. A son of his is now living in town, between eighty and ninety years of age. Newport has been the birthplace and residence many prominent men and women of this country, Mrs. Sarah J. Hale, was a native of this town. The town was incorporated Ocof tober 6, 1761. Hon. Benjamin and highly Giles, long a resident, respected, built the first grist- Captain Ezra Parmelee settled on the Unity road about one mile south of the village, and built his barn soon after coming to Newport. This barn is now (1873,) standing and in good repair. It is safe to say that it has been built, and been in use, mill, in 1768. over one hundred years. The covering boards are fastened to the timbers with strong wooden pins, which clearly shows the scarcity of nails in those early days of the settlement. A few rods from the barn, stands an apple tree, which is quite as old. Captain Parmelee brought it from Connecticut, over one hundred years ago. First Ministers. Rev. John Remelee, ordained in 1783, dismissed in 1791 Rev. Abijah Wines, settled in 1785, dismissed in 1816. Congregational and Baptist churches were established in ; 1779. North by Croydon, by Sunapee and Goshen, west by Claremont, and south by Goshen and Unity. Ai-ea, 25,267 acres improved land, 18,533 acres. Boundaries. east Distances. Forty miles north of west from Concord, and about thirty-five miles north from Keene. Railroad. Concord and Claremont Railroad passes through the town in an easterly and westerly direction. NEWTON. Rockingham County. New- a small township bordering on Massachusetts. The surface is broken but the soil is deep and fertile, and yields good crops of grain and grass. The farmers find a ready sale for their produce at Haverhill, Massachusetts. Nearly one third of Country Pond lies in this town, and it is the only body of water, of note. The employEmployments. ment of the inhabitants is about equally divided between farming ton is and mechanical labor. 1,000,000 of boards &c, and 180,000 shingles, are annually sawed and feet ; �NORTHFIELD. 120,000 pairs of shoes are made. Productions of the mechanical labor, soil, $ 38,259 $30,000; money at interest, $3, 400; deposits in savings banks,* Resources. ; $ 3,174; stock in trade, $ 11,827. 283 of land for agriculture, lies on two ridges extending nearly through The soil is of good producing excellent crops of corn, oats and grass. There are many fine farms, under a high the town. quality, Baptist Churches and Schools. church, Rev. B. H. Lane, pastor; Christian, Rev. Nathaniel Day, state of cultivation. There are six schools in town average length, for the year, town, and flows into the Winnipiseogee, three miles from the junction with the Pemigewasset. Sondogardy Pond discharges its waters Winnipisinto the Merrimack. eogee River waters its western bor- pastor. ; twenty weeks. Traveller's Hotels Home, and Depot House. Rev. John Minister. First Eames, in 1791. A Baptist Society was formed here in 1755, and it is the oldest religious society, of that denomination in the State. A Congregational Church was organized about 1759. First Settlements. Joseph Bartlett and others town in 1720. first settled in this Twelve years presettlement he was vious to his taken captive by the Indians at Haverhill, and conveyed to Canada where he remained four years. North by KingsBoundaries. by east ton, Hampton, South Mass. and Area, 5,250 south by Amesbury, west by Plaistow. acres, Forty miles southand twentyeight south-west from Portsmouth. Railroads. Boston and Maine, Distances. east from Concord, from Tilton. The town formerly possessed some fine water power, on this river, near junction with the Pemigewassett, but this portion of its territory is now embraced within the limits of Franklin. It still holds some good power at the village of Tilton. Village. A portion of what is called the village of Tilton, on the south side of the river, lies in this town. On the Northfield side are two woolen mills, annually manufacturing respectively 210,000 and 66,000 yards of repellants, valued at $ 276,000 besides lumber mills, its wheel-wright shop etc. There is a large graded school building and over fifty dwelling houses. For full particulars of the village, see Tilton. Employments. A majority of the inhabitants are engaged in ag- pass through riculture, but the manufactories are valuable, with fair encourage- ment NORTHFIELD. Merrimack County. The face of this town hills. their The surplus sur- uneven, being is * Depositors in Savings to place it part of the Newton town. broken by and separates der, Chestnut Rivers. lies in the east and Amesbury and Branch Railroads this and Ponds Pond best section Banks are induced earnings in chusetts Savings Institutions. Massa- that they will be enlarged within a few years. Productions of the Resources. $95,311; mechanical labor, $ 46,500 stocks and money at indeposits in savings terest, $ 9,648 soil, ; ; banks, $50,911; $ 6,425. stock in trade, . �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 284 Churches and Schools, The churches are on the Tilton side of the village. There are nine schools in town, two of which are graded average length, for the year, fourteen weeks. First Settlers. Benjamin Blanchard and others first settled here in 1760. It was originally a part of Canterbury, and was incorporated June, 1780, under its present ; name. Boundaries. North by Tilton and Belmont, east by Belmont, south by Canterbury, and west by Franklin and Boscawen. Area, about 17,000 acres improved land, ; 9,638 acres. Seventeen miles north from Concord, by the Boston, Concord, and Montreal RailDistances. road. become a popular resort for tourof the farmers make it a special business to keep city boarders through the summer Many ists. months, and, in connection with farms, find it a lucrative their business. Employments. Agriculture is the principal employment of the inhabitants. 750,000 shingles and 350,000 feet of boards are annually sawed, also 60,000 pairs of shoes, are annually made. Resources. Productions of the soil, $76,224; mechanical labor, $ 20,500 stocks and money at in; terest, $9,700; deposits in bank, $ 46,803 $1,125; from $ ; stock savings in summer trade, tourists, 15,000. Churches and Schools. CongreChurch, Rev. T. V. Haines pastor; Baptist Church, There are three schools in town. Average length for the year, thirty-one weeks. Library. North-Hampton Social Library, 250 volumes. First Settlements. This town formerly constituted the parish gational NORTH HAMPTON. . Rockingham County. town has an even surface, This and its has been made very productive by means of the large quantities of seaweed which the farmers spread on the ground as a fertilizer. In proportion to the number of acres soil under improvement, no town in the county, exceeds it in its value of agricultural productions. Rivers. Little River is the principal stream it has its source in the north part of the town. Meandering through it in a south-easterly direction for a couple of miles, it empties into the Ocean, between Great and Little Boar's head. Winnecut River rises near the centre of the town and flows north west into Great Bay. These rivers ; afford some water Summer privileges. Part of the eastern border is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the town has Resorts. called The North Hill in Hampton. settlement dates back to a very early period in the history of this State, and the early settlers first were much exposed ties of the were erected to the hostili Indians. to Garrison which the inhabi tants resorted in times of danger. In several persons were Incorporated November 1742. (For first settlers see 1677 killed. 26, Hampton.) First Ministers. Rev. Nathaniel Gookin (Congregational) ordained in 1731, died in 1766. Rev. Joseph Hastings moved in ordained in 1767, re1774; Rev. David Mc Clure D. D., settled in 1776, dis- �NORTHUMBERLAND. missed in 1784. Rev. Benjamin Thurston settled in 1785, dismissed in 1800. The first Congregational Meeting house was erected in 1738. acres. Distances. Forty-seven miles south east by east from Concord and nine south by west from Portsmouth by Eastern Railroad. Eastern Railroad Railroad. passes through this town. is employment of the the principal inhabitants but manufacturing is an important branch of business. At Northumberland Falls, there are starch, straw-board and shoe peg mills, annually manufacturing 40 tons starch, 175 tons straw board, and 20,000 bushels shoe pegs. At Groveton there are Coos County. Connecticut, in this town, the was of butternut wood. The soil is from stone and gravel, and is easily cultivated. A large portion of the upland is good for pasturing and tillage. There are several good farms, producing excellent and barley. ued at total $ 102,000 ; meal, $ 3,500 be; But one other town in the county raises as many bushels of corn. Rivers. Connecticut River washes the western border, and it is watered by the Upper Ammonoosuc River, which passes through the town in a south-westerly direc- carpenters, value of manufactured in goods, town, &c. The annually is $208,600; Rail- At Groveton, the Montreal growth free corn, oats 7,000,000 feet of long timber, val- painters, The land on originally covered with a manufactories, annually producing leather, $70,000; 100,000 clapboards, 1,000,000 shingles, and sides blacksmiths, harness makers, NORTHUMBERLAND. road forms a junction with the Grand Trunk Railroad. In this village there is a post office, tele- graph and express office, one lawyer, one physician, church edifice, large graded school house, five stores, of all kinds, one hotel and one eating house. Resources. Productions of the soil, $72,544; mechanical labor, $39,800; money at interest, $5, deposits in savings banks, $ 1, 050 ; 072; stock in trade, $20,260. Church and ScJwols. Methodist, Groveton) Rev. G. C. Noyes, pastor. There are ten schools in town, two of which are graded. (at tion. Near the centre of an abrupt and rugged elevation, called Cape Horn, of an Elevation. town is altitude of nearly 1,000 feet. The scenery around this mountain is wild and beautiful. Its north base is separated from the Connecticut by a narrow plain, and its eastern washed by the Upper AmThe spring freshets monoosuc. usually overflow the meadows, at side and give them the ap pearance of a large lake. Employments. Agriculture ; Boundaries. North by Greenland, east by Rye and Atlantic Ocean, south by Hampton Falls and Hampton and west by Stratham. Area of improved land 5,363 the this point, 285 is Average length of schools, for the year, thirteen weeks. Hotels. Rogers House; at Ammonoosuc House. Settlement. Thomas Burn- Groveton, First side and Daniel Spaulding, togeth- er with their families, the in commenced settlement in this town, 1767. North of Cape Horn first �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 286 Mountains and Hills. Saddleback Mountain, between Deerfield and Northwood, has an altitude of one thousand feet above the mountain, and near the river, are the remains of a fort, built during the war of the Revolution. It was placed under the command of Captain Jeremiah Eames, afterwards well known for his usefulness, wit and social disposition. The town was incorporated November 16, 1779. Boundaries. North by Stratford, east by Stark, south by Lancaster, and west by Vermont. Area of improved land, 6,555 acres. Distances. By railroad, one hundred and forty-five miles north from Concord, and eight northeast from Lancaster. Railroads. Grand Trunk, and Montreal Extension Railroads. the east side of this mountain are found and crystals crystaline spars, of various colors. Plumbago of superior quality is Brown's or Richardson's Hill, between Jenness and Long ponds, has an abrupt elevation of three hundred feet above also found. The summit the latter pond. is covered with 'an open growth of oaks, affording a fine place, in mer, for picnic parties. sum- From the top of Fogg's Hill, eight ponds can be seen. The main street in Northwood, passes over what is called Clark's Hill, the highest cul- NORXHWOOD, Rockingham On ocean. tivated elevation, in Rockingham is county, from the top of which can be seen the ocean, and also nearly the whole basin of the country, at passes a glance. County. For beautiful and varied scenery, there no town in the State, that surNorthwood, south of the Her White Mountain Range. mountains and hills, and her sparking lakelets or ponds, lend Agricultural. wood The soil of North- moist, and has been considered better adapted for grazing, en- chantment to her many views. Ponds. There are seven ponds in this town viz. Suncook, Jenness, Long, Little Bow, Harvey, Durgin and Knowlton, or Demerritt Ponds, besides a part of Bow Lake and Pleasant Pond, and all covering an area of over fourteen hun- is than any other branch of agriculture; but there are only three towns in the county that raise as many bushels of corn, and but one as many bushels of wheat. Agriculture is neglected, owing to a large portion of the people being engaged in shoe business; but when the soil is properly cultivat- ; dred acres. Rivers. The north branch of Lamprey River has its source in ed, town, at the eastern base of Saddleback mountain. The main branch of Suncook River has its rise in Jenness, Long, Little Bow, Durgin, Harvey and Suncook Ponds, draining nearly one half of the area of the town, (8,500 acres,) and furnishing nearly all of the water power. position of Northwood, it yields excellent crops. Summer this Resorts. The elevated command- an extensive and delightful view of the surrounding country, ing has caused many summer tourists to spend their vacation here, and it is becoming a popular resort for all lovers of mountains, lakes, and The hills. ' and all Gulf, the ponds Brown's Hill, are pleasant, �NORTHWOOD. and interesting 287 localities for tour- State. It still retains its high reputation in that respect, in the Har- There is one Manufactories. large shoe factory in the east part vey House, kept by the accommo- ists to visit. $715,000, dating landlord, E. C. Brown, Esq. is a daily stage to Epsom depot, on the Suncook Valley Railroad, distance, six miles; also a stage three times a week to Newmarket, on the Boston and Maine Railroad, distance, eighteen miles. First Settlements. This town was originally the extreme northern section of Nottingham, and some of the inhabitants, in the win- men ter, of the town, employing over one hundred men and women, and manufacturing annually, over 152, 000 pairs of women's boots and, shoes, valued at $ 215,000. There is paid for labor annually, $ 55,000. The whole number of shoes manuannually, in factured, nearly 550,000 pairs, town, is valued at and giving the work$ 135, 000 per annum. for their labor over of the soil, productions Total Resources. $74,188; mechanical stocks and mon- labor, $ ey at interest, 140,300 ; $33,900; deposits in savings banks, $51,115; in trade, $21,170; $ tourists, iness, $ 1,500 ; stock from summer professional bus- 10,000. Churches and Schools. CongreRev. E. C. Cogswell, pastor Freewill Baptist, Rev. L. P. Bickford, pastor; Baptist, Rev. A. A. Chase, pastor. There are nine schools in town, two of which are graded; average length, for the year, twenty-one weeks total amount annually appropriated gational, ; ; for school purposes, Literary $ 1,405. Institutions. wood Academy, North- E. C. Cogswell, (See Literary Institutions.) Libraries. Northwood Social volumes; North- 1,000 wood Academy Library, 500 vol- umes; Rev. E. C. Cogswell's private library, 1,200 volumes. Hotels. The traveling public have long appreciated the good hotels in Northwood being excelled by no country town in the ; would visit this locality for lumbering, and they called " north woods." Hence the when incorporated. The it the name first set- tlement was commenced, March, 25, 1763, by Moses Godfrey, John and Increase Batchelder, and Solomon Bickford. Colonel Samuel Johnson came, a few years after, and the first night he was in town he slept between two large stones covered over by a quilt or canvass. Within a few feet of where he rested the first night, his bones are now taking their last rest. It was incorporated Feb. 6, 1773. September 6, 1873, the people celebrated the one hundredth anniversary of the town organization of their town, and gave a general invita- Principal. Northwood Seminary, William H. Cotton, Principal. Library, There tion to the sons had and daughtei's, who native town, to join them in the festivities of the occasion. Over two thousand persons met on the day appointed, and the greetings of old friends and neighleft their who had not met for half a were frequent, and the enjoyment such as few partici- bors, century, pate in in a life time. Within thirty years there have been fourteen violent deaths in town. Ten were drowned, two were thrown from a carCasualties. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 288 one killed in a saw mill and one, a girl thirteen years of age, and broken with hills, but the soil is deep and fertile, and produces most fine crops of wheat, corn, barley, potatoes, &c. There are many riage, murdered by her whose name was Evans, in October, 1872. Three other men left town temporarily, and never returned. One was thrown from brutally uncle, a carriage, one killed on the railroad, and the other drowned. and Ministers. First Churches The Baptist Church was organized in 1779, and the Rev. Edmund Pillsbury ordained the same year, as its pastor. The Congregational Church was formed in 1781. Rev. Josiah Prentice was ordained in 1799. He was pastor over forty years. Boundaries. Strafford, North-east by south-east by Notting- ham, south, and south-west by Deerfield, and north-west by Epsom and Pittsfield. Area, 17,075; acres area of improved land, 10, ; 389 acres. Distances. Eighteen nules east from Concord, twenty-six northwest from Exeter, and about twenty miles west from Dover. The natural reRailroads. sources and growing business, of this town, demand a railroad, and if the projected Concord and Dover Railroad is built, it will pass through it. But three towns in the county do as much manufacturing as Northwood, and there are but two towns whose freight would be as valuable for any raih-oad, it being a longer distance to market. The largest unbroken tract of woodland in the county, is in this town, and con- tains between two and three thou- sand acres. NOTTINGHAM. Rockingham The County. surface of Nottingham is uneven fine farms under a high state of cultivation. Rivers and Ponds. » Little River the principal stream in town, is and affords some very good water power. Several small streams have their source in this town, and North River passes through it. There are several ponds, the largest of which is Pawtuckaway. Mountains. Pawtuckaway Mountain the principal elevation in is on the line between Nottingham and Deerfield, and town. It lies consists of three distinct peaks, abruptly, rising and designat- Upper, Middle, and Lower Mountains. These mountains were once the haunts of the deer, panther, and wildcat. Minerals Bog iron ore and white granular quartz are found. Nottingham Square is Village. a pleasant village, situated on an elevated site, about 450 feet above ed the as the sea level, and affords a fine view of the surrounding country. At one time it was the seat of considerable trade, and still retains its delightful views. Employments. the principal Agriculture is employment of the 96,000 pairs of shoes are people. annually manufactured. 70,000 clapboards, 800,000 shingles, and 23,00,000 feet of boards, &c, are sawed annually. Productions of the $72,147; mechanical labor, $26,700; stocks and money at indeposits in savterest, $ 22,550 Resources. soil, ; ings banks, trade, $ ists, $ 40,785 1,500. $22,510; ; stock in from summer tour- �ODELL — ORANGE. Union Churches and Schools. Church, Rev. Hosea Quirnby, pas- 289 mer, south by Stark, and west by Stark, Stratford, and Columbia. There are thirteen schools Average length of tor. ORANGE. town. in schools, the for year, Hotel. First was The Grafton County. eighteen sur- face is uneven, being situated weeks. Rockingham House. Nottingham Settlements. settled by Capt. Joseph Cilley and others, in 1727. A tribe of Indians had their rendezvous, at one time, on the shores of a pond in Northwood, near the line of this town, but no serious depredations were ever committed by them on the inhabitants of Nottingham. Incorporated May First Ministers. 10, 1722. Rev. Stephen Emery, Congregational, ordained in 1742, dismissed in 1749. Benjamin Butler, Rev. settled in 1758, left in 1770. Boundaries and Area. North- and Lee, south by Epping and Raymond, and west by Deerfield and Northwood. Area 25,800 acres. Area improved east by Barrington land, 11,473 acres. on of land between the the height Connecticut and Merrimack RivThe soil, in many parts of ers. the town, is good, and fine crops are produced. Tha Ponds. and Streams streams are small, but some' of them afford a few mill privileges, which are improved. There is a small pond in the south-east part of the town, from which is taken a species of paint, resembling Chalk and magSpruce yellow. nesia have been found near this Yellow Ochre, of a qualipond. ty superior to that imported, is found in various localities. Cardigan Mountain Mountain. lies in the eastern town, and is part of the of considerable ele- vation. The principal Employments. employment of the people is agri- Twenty-five miles south-east from Concord, fourteen miles north-west from Exeter, and twenty west from Ports- 000 shingles, and 450,000 feet of dimension timber are annually mouth. produced. Distances. By stage, three times Newmarket station, ten culture. Railroad. 25,000 Resources. clapboards, 250, Productions of the a week, to miles, on Boston and Maine Rail- $ road. deposits in savings banks, $3,139; 1,300; money mechanical labor, at interest, $5,500; from sum$ 1,000. Churches and Schools. Freewill Baptist, Rev. J. C. Waldron, pasThere are seven schools. tor. Average length of schools, for the year, seventeen weeks. Orange was First Settlements. granted February 6, 1769, under mer In 1860, this Coos County. town had one white inhabitant, but in 1870, the person had died or moved away. The town is rocky, rough, and mountainous. A large branch of the Androscoggin has its rise here. It is bounded, north by Columbia and Dix- by Millsfield and $26,306; stock in trade, $2,350 ODELL. ville, east soil, Dum- the name ; tourists, Fellows, of Cardigan, to Isaac and others. The first �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 290 settlement was made in 1773, by Silas Harris, Benjamin Shaw, David Eames, Col. Elisha Bayne, and Capt. Joseph Kenney. Incor- porated July 18, 1781. Boundaries. North by Dorchester, Groton, and Hebron, east by Hebron and Alexandria, south by west by Canaan. and Grafton, Area acres. 16,000 Improved land, 5,624 acres. . Distances. Sixteen miles east Dartmouth College, ten south-west from Plymouth, and forty north-west from Concord. Railroad. The Northern Rail- road passes through the southwest corner of the town. East Canaan depot, four miles distant, the people take the is where cars. OK FORD. Grafton County. Orford is one of the seven best farming towns in the State, in respect of value of agricultural productions, and ranks as the third town in the county. It is situated on the Connecticut which, through this town, furnishes broad intervals, well and producing excellent crops of corn, oats, and hay. uplands and hills The afford fine pas- turing and tillage lands. But one other town in the State produces as many bushels of wheat. There are but few if any farming towns on the Connecticut that equal Orford in its fine scenery of and river views. As you stand on many of the farm hills which are cultivated to their summits, you have a view of the hills, and beautiful valleys around you dotted with fine farm houses, and well filled barns, and a little farther you have an indismountain, hill, view of the villages nestling ring of the village school bell, all denote that religion, education, and liberal principles harmoni- ously dwell within; while still a little farther, flows the winding clothed on either with broad intervals now burdened with the rewards of the Connecticut, side Troin tilled tinct beneath the shades of the stately elm, while the church sprre, peering through their tops, and the vales, husbandman's toil, and still beyond all this, are the green, cultivated hills of Vermont, and at their base can be seen the puffing locomotive, and the luxurious cars, freighted with precious lives as they glide through the vale. and Mountains. While the Connecticut River washes the western border of the Rivers, Ponds, town, Orford Mill River passes nearly through the centre and furnishes some good water power. There are four or five ponds Baker's Upper Pond, lies within three or four miles of the Connecticut and discharges its waters into another pond, lying partly in Wentworth, .and the waters of both flow into Baker's River. Indian Pond, lies about one mile west from Baker's Upper Pond. There are two conof considerable size. siderable elevations called Mount Cuba, and Mount Sunday, lying near the centre of the town, Mount Cuba, extending east into Wentworth. Minerals. On the west side of Cuba Mountain there are several beds of limestone, which is granucrumble in burnSpecimens of quartz contain- lar but does not ing. ing acicular crystals of oxide of titanium are also found here. Near Sunday Mountain, is a bed of tal- �291 ORFORD. cose slate which answers well for soap stone. There are many other mineral crystals found in various sections of the town. Villages. Orford village is situated on the upper banks of the Connecticut and on the border of the intervals and is one of the handsomest and most quiet villages in the State. Here are two church edifices, large school house, academy, five or six stores, of various kinds, one hotel, two lawyers, two physicians, one dentist, and several small manufactories and mechanical shops. The main street is broad, and beautifully shaded, while the dwelling houses have a neat appearance and are adorned with spacious yards, and beautiful gardens. Orfordville is situated about two miles above the principal village, and contains two chair factories, lumber mill, and several other small shops. Here are also one church edifice, school house, store, post office and several fine dwelling houses. It is a pleasant village and a desirable place to live in. Employments. The inhabitants are generally engaged in farming but the manufactures are important. 3,900 bushels of wheat, 12, 000 bushels corn, 20,000 bushels oats and barley, 41,000 bushels potatoes, 41,000 pounds of butter and 4,700 tons of hay are annually produced. There are annually man- ufactured 360,000 shingles, 1,480, 000 feet boards and dimension timber, 12,000 bushels meal and floux-, 50 tons starch, and there are two chair factories, a harness shop, blacksmith shops, wheelwright, tin ware, and shoe shops, also carpenters, painters, tailors, and various other mechanical business. The annual value of mechanical productions is $ 68,400. Annual production Resources. of the soil $204,200 mechanical labor $ 17,700 stocks and money at interest $ 62,243 deposits in savings banks, $ 6,727 ; stock in trade, $39,500; from summer $ 2,000 $ 10,000. professional ; tourists business Churches and ScJwols. CongreFrank B. Knowlton, gational, Rev. Universalist, pastor; At ; Congregational, Orfordville, Rev. N. F. Carter, pastor. There are fourteen schools in town. Average length of schools, for the twenty-two weeks. Total amount annually appropriated for year, school purposes $ 2,229.21. Orford Literary Institution. Academy, Nathan E. Stark, principal, in 1870. Orford House. Orford was granted to Jonathan Moulton, and Hotel. Settlement. First 1761. GenJohn Mann, a Mr. Caswell, and one Cross, others September 25, eral Esq., Israel Morey, commenced the first settlement in June, 1765. Rev. Oliver First Ministers. Noble, (Congregational) ordained in 1771; dismissed in 1777; Rev. John Sawyer, settled in 1787 left Rev. Sylvester Dana in 1795 ; ; settled in 1807 ; left in 1822. Boundaries. North by Piermont, east by Wentworth, south by Lyme, and west by Fairlee, Vermont. Area 27,000 acres area of improved land 16,315 acres. miles Sixty-two Distances. northwest from Concord and twelve south from Haverhill. By cars it is eighty four miles to Con; cord. Railroad. One mile to Fairlee, �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 292 Vt., station, on the Passumpsic have induced many to OSSIPEE. Countt. Ossipee is town of the county. The west and south parts of the town are hilly and mountainous, while the north-eastern portion is moderately uneven or nearly level. The mountainous district affords Carroi.t, the shire The soil is excellent pasturage. deep, and, when properly tilled, produces fine crops of wheat, corn, oats tourists, and New-Hampshire scenery spend their summers in this lovers of railroad. and potatoes. Lakes, Rivers and Ponds. Ossipee Lake, a beautiful sheet of water, lies partly in this town. It is about eight miles long and seven wide, and is quite as remarkable on account of its entire destitution of islands, and the bright, silvery belt which surrounds it, as is famous for numerous islands. This lake is shallow, and has many small Ossipee River is bays and inlets. Pine and Bear Camp its outlet. the Winnipiseogee its Rivers discharge their waters into Ossipee Lake, and ai'e the principal streams in town. There are several ponds, of which Bear Pond, in the south-east part, is noted for not having any visible outlet. Ossipee and Green Motmtains. mountains are the principal eleva- pleasant town, and enjoy the many attractions which nature has so lavishly bestowed upon it. From nearly as the valleys or plains fine a home-view can be obtain- ed as in any town in the State. Ai'ound you are fine farms, where waves the growing grass or grain, and rustle the leaves of the green corn, fanned by the mountain air. On the hill-side can be seen flocks and herds, grazing on its gentle knolls, or quietly reposing within shade of the gorgeous oak or maple. At the foot of the hills, nestle the waters of the beautiful the. Ossipee, or meander the spark- To the mountain streams. south-east is Green Mountain, with its icy fetters glistening in To the the summer sunbeam. west is the Ossipee Mountain, with its towering peaks, and in ling the distance, at the north, the White Mountains show their snowy summits and a little further to the west Chocorua Peak is ; distinctly seen, down the precipi- tous sides of which, tradition says, an Indian made his last leap when pursued by the white man. Near the foot of Ossipee Mountain is a beautiful cascade, which attracts many visitors; also impregnated a spring, with sul- tions in the vicinity of Ossipee. slightly The most Near the westphuric acid gas. ern shore of Ossipee Lake, in a level field, is a circular mound, about fifty feet in diameter, and 10 feet in height, supposed to be the place where the Indians buried their dead after an encounter with Captain Lovell. Several entire skeletons, besides hatchets, tomahawks, etc., have been taken lofty peak of Ossipee mountain has an altitude of nearabove the ocean level. In the crevices of the rocks, on Green Mountain, ice may be found at all seasons of the year. ly 2,500 feet Summer Resorts. The bright and silvery waters of Ossipee Lake, and the beautiful mountain scenery in and around Ossipee, �PELHAM. from this mound. About 500 vis- 203 Area of improved land, spend their summer vacation in Ossipee. There are three hotels and many farm houses, where summer boarders are ac- commodated. way Employments. Ossipee is one of the best farming towns in the 17,740 acres. excellent railroad facilities. itors State, many of its inhabitants being engaged in agriculture. There is considerable money invested in manufactories. Over 12,000 dozen pairs of hose, over 1,250,000 feet of boards, 100,000 clapboards, and are annually 150,000 shingles, manufactured, besides an extensive tannery and bedstead manufactory, annually producing 10,000 Bedsteads. 72,000 pairs of shoes (See tables.) are annually made. Productions of the Resources. soil, $155,603; mechanical labor, $ 55,950 994; money ; deposits at interest, from summer $41,557; $ 3, in savings banks, tourists, $25,000; Stock in trade, $ 19,980. There Churches and Sclwols. are in town one Congregational, two Methodist, and two Freewill There are Churches, twenty schools in town. Average Baptist length of schools, for the year, ten weeks. Carroll Hotels. and Houses, and Banks' Hotel. Centre Arri- vals for the year, 7,500. Sixty miles north- Distances. from Concord. Railroad. Great Falls and Con- east Railroad affords this town FELHAM. Hillsborough County. The town is moderately surface of this uneven, but the uplands are excel- and for the raising But two towns in the lent for grazing of fruit. county exceed it in the value of its Over were made fruit productions. rels of cider 6,000 bar- in town, in the fall of 1872. Lowell and Lawrence furnish the farmers a convenient market surplus productions. for their About sixty cans of milk are daily to Lowell, and thirty to Lawrence, the year round. In the carried eastern part of the town are valuAbout able quarries of granite. twenty stone workmen are constantly employed at these quarries. Beaver Streams and Ponds. River is the principal stream, and together with its tributaries furnishes some good water power. Gumpas, White's, and Island Ponds are the principal bodies of water. Employments. The inhabitan Ossipee was New Garden. are principally devoted to agriculEvery hundred acres of ture. Incorporated February 22, 1785. Rev. Samuel First Minister. Arnold, settled in 1829, dismissed in 1831. improved land in town yields the farmer, on an average, $ 1,300 annually. This includes pasturage, The lumber business tillage, &c. Boundaries. North by Tamworth, north-east by Freedom and Effingham, south-east by Wakefield, and west by Wolfeborough, Tuftonborough Moultonand borough. Area over 55,000 acres. is valuable, over 1,100,000 feet of lumber, of all kinds, are annually sawed. A frocking manufactory annually produces $ 35,000 worth of frocking. Stone quarried and Besides there dressed $15,000. First Settlement. originally called �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 294 are five blacksmith and two wheelwright shops, two grist mills, and about 3,400 pairs of sale shoes made. Total value of goods annually manufactured, $96,800. Productions of the Resources. mechanical labor, soil, $ 109,965 ; $ 19,500 ; money at interest, stocks, $23,190; deposits in savings banks,* $54,698; stock in trade, town was incorporated, July 6, 1746, and the first town meeting was holden July 27, 1746. First Church. The first church edifice was erected in 1746. A Congregational society was formed November 13, 1751, and the Rev. James Hobbs was ordained as its There are six Berry, pastor. schools in town. Average length of schools, for the year, twenty- he died in 1765; Rev. ordained in 1765, dismissed in 1792; Rev. J. H. Church, D. D., settled in 1798. North by WindBoundaries. ham and Salem, east by Methuen and Dracut,- Massachusetts, south by Dracut, and west by Hudson. six weeks. Area of improved land, Abel Gage, private, over 500 volumes A. Batchelder, private, over 500 volumes. Thirty-seven miles south from Concord, ten southeast from Nashua, and six north from Lowell, Massachusetts. Railroads. Six miles to Lowell station, by mail carriage, three times a week. A new railroad is in contemplation, from Lowell, etc., 28,491, Churches and Schools. gational Church, Rev. CongreAugustus Libraries. ; Pelham was First Settlements. originally a part of Dracut, Massa- and was formerly included in Wheelwright and Mason's purchase. The first permanent settlement was made by John Butler, William Richardson, .Joseph Hamblett, and others, in 1721, by chusetts, erecting a log house. Two years date, a block the above house was built by the Mason probefore prietors, to assist those stood ready to defend their counwhenever assailed. In the try, 1755, citizens sacrificed give nine of her their lives, to England Canada. In the Revolution, 86 of her townsmen were enrolled on the lists of the army; and the record shows she furnished 98 men to assist in quelling the Rebellion of 1861. The * The savings banks of Massachusetts get a large portion of the deposits of the farmers of Pelham. Ames Moody, 8,049 acres. Distances. through Pelham, to Windham depot, on the Manchester and Lawrence Railroad also one from Nashua, through Pelham to Plaistow, on the Boston and Maine ; Railroad. who might purchase, and protect them from Indian incursions. The inhabitants of Pelham have always French war of pastor; PEMBROKE. Merrimack County. Pemon the eastern side of Merrimack River, and is one of the growing towns of the State, both in wealth and population. The soil is various, and generally productive. The intervals on the river are valuable, and pro- broke is situated duce excellent crops of corn, oats and grass. From these intervals, the land rises in large swells, which yield abundant crops, when properly cared Rivers. considerable for. Pembroke stream no running has �PEMBROKE. through it, but it is well watered by small streams, while its borders are nearly surrounded by The Soueook River rivers. washes its north-western borit from separates and ders, Concord; the Merrimack waters on the west, and separates the while the Suntown from Bow it ; cook passes along its south-eastern boundary, and separates it from Allenstown. There is a small curve in the Suncook, at Suncook village, which has been made since the town line was formed, and brings a saw, and sash and blind mill, into Pembroke, situated apparently on the south-east bank of the river, in AllensThe Suncook furnishes town. some fine water power in Pembroke, which is well improved. Pembroke street is Villages. situated on a high swell of land, about one mile from the Merri- mack. The main street runs par- with the river, and is wide and very pleasant. Thirty years ago it was the principal village in town, and the seat of considerable trade. At that time there were two flourishing academies, severallel al stores, away but the thriving has taken former prestige. The etc. its ; Suncook of village Blanchard or Pembroke Academy still remains, and meets with varied success. The views from this village, of the surrounding country summer, are delightful. Suncook. Near the mouth of the Suncook River, is situated the in the manufacturing village of Suncook. The river runs through the village, —consequently partly in it is Allenstown, located but the larger portion in Pembroke. growth of this village, it The might be said, 295 commenced less than twenty years ago, for a few years prior to that time a destructive fire swept over a large part of the business portion of the village, and ture prospects looked its fu- gloomy for a number of years. Since 1860, i has more than doubled its population, On and trebled the its Pembroke wealth. side the Web- Manufacturing Company em ploys 94 males, and 225 females, and annually manufactures 7,382, ster 000 yards of cotton print goods, valued at $552,000. The Pembroke Mills employ 49 males, and 115 females, and manufacture 3, 740,000 ued one at yards of print cloth, val- $ 280,000. grist-mill, There grinding is also 20,000 bushels of grain annually, valued at $ 23,900 700,000 feet of lumber sawed, valued at $ 10,000 sash and blinds, and printing cases, valued at $ 10,000 besides bakery, foundry, boots and shoes, harnesses, ; ; ; blacksmiths, tailors, &c. On the Allenstown side is the China Manufacturing Company, employing 144 males and 340 females, and manufacturing 11,122,000 yards of cotton print cloth, valued at $ 832, 000. The total capital invested in the various manufactories in Suncook is estimated at $ 1,650,000 employing 345 males, and 700 females, who annually receive for their labor, $ 384,000, and manu- facture goods to the value of $ 1, There are two church edifices, two large graded schoolhouses, one bank, telegraph and express office, from thirty to forty stores, of all kinds, two hotels, and about 2,500 inhabitants. But few villages in this State, have made 754,000. more rapid progress for the past ten years than Suncook. The Sun �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 296 cook Branch of the Concord RailSuncook Valley Railroad to Pittsfleld, furnish the village with excellent railroad facilroad, and the „ About three miles north of Suncook village, on Suncook River, is a small village, where there are a lumber mill, grist-mill, a cotton twine manufactory, and several ities.' other small shops. As can be seen, become a manufac- Employments. Literary Institutions. Pembroke Academy, Isaac Walker, A. M., Principal. Pembroke House, and Hotels. Suncook House. Bank. China Savings Bank, at Suncook, on the Allenstown side. This town First Settlement. was granted by Massachusetts to Captain John Lovewell, and his company of fifty-nine men. in consideration of their faithful services of agricultural, as The grant was given under the Indian name, —"Suncook,"— in May, 1727. The years ago. settlement Pembroke lias turing and trading town, instead it was twenty might be said that the agricultural products have not decreased within that time, but the manufactories have increased enough to over-balance the farm productions. Large quantities of It brick are made 40,000 clapboards, 950,000 shingles and laths, and 1, 800,000 feet of boards and dimen; sion timber, are annually sawed besides meal, flour, cotton goods, &c. The total value of goods an- nually manufactured, of is all kinds, estimated at $ 1,010,800. Productions of the Resources. $126,170; mechanical labor, $ 228,600 stocks and money at interest, $ 39,750 deposits in savings soil, ; ; banks, $202,102; stock in trade, $ 59,025 professional business &c, $ 80,000. Churches and Schools. Baptist, Rev. T. M. Goodwin, pastor Congregational, Rev. L. White, pas; ; Methodist, Rev. James Noyes, pastor; Catholic, Rev. I. B. Richer, priest. There are eleven schools in town, six of which are graded; average length, for the year, twentor ; weeks value of schoolhouses, $ 11,500; total amount of money annually appropriated for ty-five ; school purposes, $ 2,230.25. against the Indians. many made slow progress for years, for the reason of In- dian depredations upon the property of the inhabitants. James Carr— killed May the only person the Indians 1, 1748, who lost in this —was his life by town. For many years the people led a life of watching, anxiety, and fear, which few persons in these days know much about. "The death of James Carr, of killed by the enemy early in 1748, was attended with a singular instance of canine attachment and fidelity. He, with two others, was ploughing on the west bank of the river, within the Topresent township of Bow. Pembroke, who was ward night, some Indians, who had been concealed in a thicket of bushes all day, watching them, rushed upon them. His two com panions were taken but in attempt ing to run to the river, Carr, was shot and fell dead on his back, with his arms somewhat extended. As ; the savages ran up to scalp him, his dog, a large and fierce animal, instantly attacked them, but was stunned by the blow of a toma- — hawk, and left for dead. ple at the garrison in The peoPembroke, �PETERBOROUGH. being near on an immediate pursuit, from the apprehension of falling into an ambuscade. After the departure of the heard the firing, but, it night, did not venture enemy, the dog revived, guarded the corpse of his master through the night, and was found the next morning with his nose laid in its open hand nor would the faithful animal permit any one to remove or even touch the body, until after the use of much flattery and some ; force." This town was concerned in the tedious controversy with the proprietors of Bow, who claimed certain lands belonging to the gran- Some of the grantees settled here as early as 1729. It was incorporated under tees in this vicinity. its present name November 1, 1759. Rev. Aaron Whittemore, Congregational; ordained in 1737; died in 1767. Rev. Jacob Emery, settled in 1768 left in 1775. Rev. Zaccheus Colby, settled in 1786; dismissed in 1803. Boundaries. North-west by First Ministers. ; Soucook River, which separates it from Concord; east and northeast by Chichester and Epsom south-east by Suncook River ; dividing the town from Allenstown and west by the Merrimack River. Area, 10,242 acres improved land, ; Six miles south-east from Concord, and ten miles north from Manchester. Distances. PETERBOROUGH. HlI.LLSBOROUGH COUNTY. The diversified uneven; is with hills, vales, meadows, broad swells, and rills; the whole presurface many beautiful landscapes, worthy the pencil of a The soil on the uplands is and productive the hills and mountain sides afford excellent pasturing, while the meadows, on the rivers, yield abundant crops of grass. There are many good farms under a high state of cultivation, showing what they are capable of producing under the management of skillful husbandmen, who intend to make farming their business in New-Hampshire. Rivers. The Contoocook River artist. rich ; runs in a northerly direction, through the centre of the town, and affords some valuable water power. Nubanusit (or Goose Brook) River takes its rise in ponds in Hancock, Nelson and Harrisville, and, after a passage of nine miles from Harrisville, and a fall of over 600 feet, joins the Contoocook in the village of Peterborough. For a description of the valuable reservoirs, at the head of this river, see Harrisville. This river furnishes nearly all of the water power for the manufactories in Peterborough, with the exception of a woolen mill, grist mill, and barometer shop, and several lumber mills. There are excellent water privileges, many on both rivers, still remaining unimproved. Mountains. On the east side of town is a chain of hills, called The Grand Pack Monadnock. Monadnock, in Jafi'rey, lies in a the 9,950 acres. senting 297 skilful south - westerly direction, about ten miles distant. In the centre of the town is a hill, at an elevation of two hundred feet above the The summit of this hill river. was formerly the site of a church edifice. Villages. West Village ated on Nubanusit River. is situ- Here �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 298 a large cotton manufactory, employing 44 males and 87 females, is and manufacturing wide sheetings, from 4-4ths to ll-4ths, also drills and print cloth; value of manufactured goods, annually produced, $ 160,000. There are other manufactories, store, graded school house, post office, and two paper mills. Peterborough Centre Village is situated at the confluence of the Nubanusit with the Contoocook rivers, and is one of the largest and most entei-prising villages in the State. The Monadnock Rail- road was completed about two years ago, (June 6, 1871) between this place and Winchendon, Massachusetts, and has given a new impetus to the business of this village. There are two cotton manufactories, carriage manufactory, grist mill, harness shop, shoe shops, piano stools, barometers, grave stones, trusses and supporters, tailors, jewelers, and various other mechanical shops. There are five church edifices, high school building, one large graded school house, two banks, two ho- Peterborough Transcript oftelegraph and express office, three lawyers, five physicians, three dentists, between twenty- open direct railway communicaConcord and the north- tion with ern section of the State ; to Ports- mouth, through Manchester; to Boston and Portland, through Nashua, Lowell and Rochester to ; Connecticut River, north or south, through Keene and, on the completion of the Hoosac Tunnel, will give this town railroad facilities second to none in New-Hampshire. With this prospective view, together with the large amount of valuable water power still unimproved, the future growth and prosperity of this village looks very flattering. ; Summer The good Tourists. roads and delightful drives, in and around Peterborough, and the fine views obtained from the cre&ts of its many hills, have rendered it a popular resort for tourists to spend summer vacation. The numwho stop here, through the warm season, is estimated at 400. their ber Employments. Peterborough is decidedly a manufacturing and mercantile town, as their annual from these two sources, exceed the value of the whole receipts, far The Un- tels, agricultural production. fice, ion Manufacturing Co., five and thirty stores, of various kinds, and about two fifty dwellings. hundred and There are many fine buildings in the village, both public and private, and some of the streets and private residences are beautifully shaded. The projected lines of railroad, being from Hillsborough Bridge to this village the Greenfield extension, and the Manchester and Keene ; roads, will, in all probability, be built within a few years, and thus Phoenix Manufacturing Co., and Peterborough Manufacturing Co., annually produce cotton sheetings, from 36 inches to 100 inches wide, cotton drills and print cloth, to the value of $ 383,000 J. Noone'a Sons, woolen goods, to the value ; of $75,000; J. Briggs, piano stools, to the value of $50,000; foundry and machine shop, $25,000; Charles Wilder, thermometers and barometers, $25,000. There are also manufactured: leather, $ 10,000 flour and meal, $ 35,000 wrapping paper, $ 28,000 harness; ; �PETERBOROUGH. custom boots and $7,000; trusses and supporters, $8,000; monuments and lumber, gravestones, $15,000; becarriages, $6,000 $ 18,700 es, $ 10,000 ; shoes, ; ; millinery, sides printing, tailors, 299 Value twenty-one weeks. year, of school houses, $11,200. Total amount of money appropriated for There which has been established about two school purposes, $3,314.50. school is a public high —Thomas blacksmith, and years various other mechanical shops. There are invested in manufactories, of all kinds, $525,900; employing 275 men and 216 women and children, who annually re- cipal. Peterborough Town Library. Library has about 4,000 volumes. Newspaper. Peterborough Tran- $ 175.600, and produce manufacutured goods First National Bank Banks. and Peterborough Savings Bank. J. the value of $740,900; Briggs, the patentee and proprie- at jewelry, ceive tin, iron, their for labor, P. Maryatt, prin- script. Hotels. to French's Hotel, valued tor of Briggs patent piano stools, $ 45,000 annual arrivals, 7,256. Union Hotel, value, $ 5,000 annu- has purchased water power on al arrivals, 3,300. 1 Nubanusit River, and is erecting buildings capable of employing 70 men. The increased demand for his stools has forced him to make enlargement in his business. Resources. Agricultural productions, $128,742; mechanical labor, $ 175,600 stocks and money at inthis ; terest, $112,719; deposits in sav- banks, $307,382; stock in trade, $107,306; professional busiings from summer $ 80,000 $ 12,000. Churches and Schools. Catholic, supplied by the priest in Wilton the first Sabbath of each month value, 300 members; church Congregational Unitari$ 5,000. ness, ; tourists, an, Rev. W. A. members, 159; Jackson, pastor; value, $25,000. First Congregational, Rev. George Dustan, pastor 87 members value, $ 12,000. Methodist Episcopal, Rev. A. F. Baxter, pastor; 40 ; members; ; value, $8,000. First W. O. Ayer, pastor; Baptist, Rev. members value, $ 4,000. There are fourteen schools in town, live of which are graded. Average length of schools, for the 60 ; ; ; First Settlements. This town was granted by the government of Massachusetts to Samuel Hey wood and others in 1738. The first settlers were Scotch Presbyterians, from Ireland, and being unacusto clearing and cultivating wild lands, they endured great Their nearest gristprivations. mill was at Townsend, Mass., and twenty-five miles distant, their road was only a line of mark- tomed ed trees. It appears that as early as 1750 the inhabitants were afflicted Octowith Indian depredations. ber 6, 1750, Alexander Robbe, Thomas Morrison, James Mitchell, William Robbe, John White, James Gordon, John Smith, John Hill, William Scott, and Thom- Vender, petitioned to the General Court of Massachusetts to allow them to build a fort and block houses at the expense of this State, and, also, to have a guard of twenty men sent them Their exfor their protection. cuse for calling on Massachusetts for this assistance, was, that if as �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 300 they were obliged to give up the settlement at Peterborough, Townsend, Leominster, and Lunenburg, in that State, would be left expos- ed to the depredations and cruel- John Ritchie male child born in town. He was born February 22, 1759, and died in the defense of ties of the savages. was the first his country, at Cambridge, in 1776. Hugh Gregg and Samuel Stinson were among the first settlers. The town was incorporated January 17 ,1700. nished Peterborough has fur- many eminent men, who have adorned the bench, chair of State, the pulpit, the bar, the halls of Legislature and of Congress. First Ministers. Rev. John Morrison, ordained in 1766, resigned in 1775; Rev. David Annan, settled in 1778, left in 1792; Rev. Elijah Dunbar, ordained in 1799, dismissed in 1827. Boundaries. North by Hancock and Greenfield, east by Greenfield and Temple, south by Temple, Sharon, and Jaffrey, and west by Jaffrey, Dublin, and Harrisville. Area, 23,780 acres. Area of improved land, 15,925 acres. Forty-two miles south-west from Concord, and twenty west from Amherst. Distances. Railroads. road has its Monadnock Rail- terminus in this town. PIERITIONT. Grafton County. The sur- mill stream, and affords some good water power, which is large improved. Mountains. Peaked and Black Mountains are the principal elevations, from the summits of which a fine view of the country can be obtained. Minerals. Iron ore hill coninexhaustible supplies of specular and magnetic iron ore of superior quality. vein of stone tains A runs through this town, which is peculiarly adapted for whet stones, large quantities being annually manufactured. Employments. Agriculture is the principal employment of the inhabitants. 150,000 shingles and of boards, &c, are annually. There is also 675,000 feet sawed one hub manufactory, where 12, 000 hubs are manufactured, valued and one whet stone and manufactory, where 1,300 gross of whet stones, and 100 gross of rifles, valued at $ 4, 300 are annually made. at $ 2,250, scythe rifle Resources. soil, $ 127, 175 ; Productions of the mechanical labor, $12,800; money at interest, $62, 300; deposits in savings banks, $7,276; stock in trade, $ 12,114. Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. A. L. Marden, pas Methodist, Rev. Moses Shertor. man, pastor. There are thirteen Average length schools in town. of schools, for the year, twenty- but the soil is fertile and produces good crops of wheat, two weeks. potatoes and hay. Along the banks of the Connecticut, is some good interval land. granted to John Temple and 59 face is hilly corn, The oats, hills afford some very fine pasturage for sheep grazing, large numbers being kept in town. Streams. Eastman's Brook is a First Settlement. others, first November settlement was Piermont was 6, Minister. First 1764. made Rev. The in 1770. John Richards, settled in 1776, left in Congregational Church 1802. A was organized in 1771. �PITTSBURG. North by Haverby Warren, south by Orford, and west by Bradford, Vermont. Total area 23,000 acres; improved land, 16,315 acres. Boundaries. hill, east Seventy-five Distances. miles and north-west from Concord, eight south from Haverhill. Coos County. est town in the 4,800 money ; at interest, tourists, $ ; $ 4,900 from sum- 5,000. and Schools. There is an Advent Society in town; nine school districts, and six Churches is the far the larg- and was originally called Indian Stream Territory. A portion large $ mer Pittsburg State, tons of starch are annually manufactured; 375,000 feet of boards &c, and 24,000 clapboards, are annually sawed. Productions of the Resources. labor, soil, $45,289; mechanical fifty stock in trade, $ 10,000 PITTSBUKG. northernmost and by 501 of town is still covered with a heavy growth of wood and timber, which was principally the proper- the average length, for the schools; year, thh'teen weeks. The exact time Organization. of the organization of the town these heavy forests the Deer, Bear, General Moody not known. Bedel, who rendered valuable service in the war of 1812, John Haines, Esq., Rev. Nathaniel Per- Wolf, and Sable roam, while and ponds abound with Trout, and Pickerel, kins, and along the banks, are the Otter, Mink, and Musk-rat. The surface of Pittsburg is broken and uneven, ed December 10, 1840. Hotel. Connecticut Lake House. Boundaries. North by the highlands that separate the waters of ty of the State, prior to 1868. the streams, In still lakes but the soil is well adapted to grazCorn, buckwheat, and the ing. English grains are successfully produced. Rivers and Indian, Lakes. HalFs, and Perry's streams furnish abundant water power. In the north-east portion of the town, is Connecticut Lake. It is four miles in length, and three in width,- and is the source of Connecticut River. Four miles above Connecticut Lake, is Second Lake, which is connected with it by a considerable stream. Third Lake lies two miles above Second Lake, has an area of 200 acres, and is situated near the highlands, which New-Hampshire from Canada. Employments. The people are engaged in agriculture. About separate is Jeremiah Tabor, Ebenezer and about fifty others, Fletcher, settled here in 1810. Incorporat- the St. Lawrence from those that fall into the Connecticut; east by the State of Maine, south by Connecticut River, and west by Hall's Stream. acres; The area is over 200,000 area of improved land, 6, 008 acres. One hundred and Distances. seventy-six miles north of Concord, and forty north-east of Lancaster. Connected by stage North Stratford station on the Railroads. to Trunk Grand that the It is about expected and Quebec Railroad, twenty-five miles. Montreal Railroad, will be extended through this tract of develope which its are, New-Hampshire, and valuable resources at the present time, in a latent state. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 302 PITTSFIEIiD. Mekrimack County. is one of the growing towns of county, and its future have been established, 1870, there Pittsfield the. prospects three large shoe manufactories, employing 325 hands, and annually producing 500,000 pairs of womand shoes valued at are very flattering. The surface is uneven, and, in some portions, rocky but the soil is very fertile, en's boots producing excellent crops of wheat, corn, &c. But one other town in the county raises as many bushels of wheat, and but two sell as and dwelling houses, with every prospect that what has already been done is but a foretaste of its future business operations. There many many are in the village, four church ed- ; gallons of milk. There are farms under a high state of cultivation, and many wealthy farmers in Pittsfield. Suncook Rivers and Ponds. River passes through this town in a southerly direction, affording many fine water privileges, several of which are not improvfine The new railroad facilities will, doubtless, cause the utilizing ed. of all the surplus water power beBerry's and years. many fore Wild Goose ponds are the princi- $550,000. There have also been many erected business buildings an academy, town ifices, hall, two banks, about twenty stores, of various kinds, one hotel, offices, three numerous professions, of various large shoe manufactories, one cotton manufactory, mill, saw and many other shops, and about mechanical two hundred A grist- mill, dwelling houses. disastrous fire occurred here in the fall of 1872, but the people are alive to such an emergency, it will soon be rebuilt with and more pal bodies of water. expensive structures, adding beau- Mountain. " Catamount Mountain' extends across the south-east part of the town. It has an elevation of 1,450 feet above the level of the ocean, which can be distinctly seen from its summit, in a clear day. Berry's Pond is on this mountain. Black tourmaMinerals &c. line and magnetic iron are found peat bogs are in a few localities numerous, and, when reclaimed, produce heavy crops of grass. A short distance north-east from the village, is a spring impregnated with sulphur. Village. In a valley on the Suncook river is situated the neat and ty ufactories. flourishing facturing 1 ; village of Pittsfield. Since the introduction of the railit has increased in business and population very rapidly. Since road, and renewed Pittsfield ments in for life to the village. holds out great induce- manufactures to locate it. Employments. The inhabitants are largely engaged in manufac- and mercantile though the products of the turing valuable. About 600,000 women's boots and shoes trade, soil are pairs of are man- ufactured annually, and over 2,000, 000, yards of cotton cloth, 7,000 shingles, 500,000 feet of boards and dimension timber, and 9,000 shoe boxes are annually produced. There is a planing and turning mill, and several other small man- mill, in The Pittsfield ManuCompany enlarged their the summer of 1873, to the of manufacturing per cent, more goods. capacity fifty �303 PLAINFIELD. Agricultural produc- Resources. $ 97,973 tions, $255,500; mechanical labor, ; stocks, money at &c, $30,200; interest, $12,350; deposits in savings banks, $ 137,248; in trade, $43,375; tourists, iness, $ 3,000 &c, ; stock Congre- Deering, pastor Cal. Baptist, Rev. M. Coburn, pastor; Episcopal, Union, Rev. Joseph Harvey, pastor Quaker, Hiram Paige, pastor. There are ten school districts, and eleven schools in town average length, for the year, eighteen weeks; amount of money annually appropriated for school purposes, $ 1,755.45. Literary Institution. Pittsfield Academy, a prosperous institution, is located here, Library. Pittsfield Library As; J. ; ; sociation. Newspaper. Pittsfield Star. Hotel. " Washington House." John Cram and were the first settlers in It was incorpoi ated town. First Settlers. others - 27, 1782. Rev. ChristoFirst Minister pher Page, (Congregational,) settled in 1789, dismissed, 1793. North-east Boundaries. by Barnstead, south-east by Strafford nd Northwood, south-west by Chichester and Epsom, and northArea, 14,927 west by Loudon. acres; improved land, 10,648 acres. Distances. By railroad, twen- ty-two miles north-east from Concord private conveyance, fifteen ; miles. Pittsfield is the ter- Railroad minus of the Suncook Valley Railroad. Suncook Valley Extension to Alton, it is Sullivan County. Plainfield one of the best farming towns The Connecticut in the State. River waters its western border where can be found some very valuable interval. In other parts of the town, there are many fertile is Churches and Schools. this PLAINFIELD. professional bus- $60,000. The Con- cord and Rochester Railroad passes through Pittsfield, if ever constructed. from summer gational-Freewill Baptist, Rev. A. March built another season. thought, will be meadows. The hills furnish some of the best pasturage for sheep in the county. The soil is generally strong and fertile, producing ex- cellent crops of wheat, corn, oats and potatoes. Nearly 4,000 bushels of wheat and 18,000 bushels of corn are annually produced. Rivers and Ponds. Connecticut River waters its western part, while a small stream whieh has its source in Croydon mountains passes through the centre. Hart's Island, in the Connecticut, contains nineteen acres. There are two small ponds. Elevation. Home Hill, on the Connecticut, is a considerable elevation. Its summit can be seen for a long distance, either up or down the river, and it was named by the Indians, who had their encampment near its base. Lime Stone, of a good quality, is found in the western portion of the town. Plainfield has a pleasant village situated on a plain, through the centre of which a street passes, north and south. On a gentle eminence, in this town, is located the beautiful village of Meriden, upon the top of which eminence are two churches, a school house, two stores, a hotel, �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 304 and Kimball Union Academy, being one of the most distinguished literary institutions in the State. This school was founded in 1813, and incorporated the same year. It was endowed by Daniel Kimball, Esq., of Meriden, with the sum of $ 42, 000, and has an additional school property of $ 18,000. Number of alumni, about fifteen hundred. The average expenses of each scholar, including tuition, board and room-rent, is $150.00 per year. The average number of students, per year, for the last thirty years, has been about two hundred. Of the income of this fund, $ 150 is annually applied towards the support of a preacher the remainder, in aid of young men who contemplate entering upon the duties of the ministry. The success which has hitherto attended this institution, is a sufficient guarantee of its present standing and future prospects. ; Rev. L. A. Austin, M. A., is the Churches and There Schools. are five churches in Plainfield viz. two Congregational, two Baptist and one Methodist. Revs. C. M. Palmer and Jacob Scales, pastors of the Congregational Revs. H. G. Hubbard and E. H. Smith, pastors of the Baptist, and Elder David Moody, Methodist pastor. There are sixteen school districts and seventeen schools. Average ; length of schools, for the year, twenty weeks. Hotels. Booth House. First Settlers. L. Nash, and J. Russell settled here in 1764. In- corporated, or a grant given, Au- gust 14, 1761. First Ministers. Rev. Abraham Cai-penter, (Congregational) tled in 1765; dismissed in set1799. Rev. Micah Porter, settled in 1804 dismissed in 1824. Boundaries. North by Lebanon, east by Grantham, south by Cornish, and west by Hartland, Vermont. Area of improved land Principal. 24,683 acres. Farming is the principal employment of the in- west from habitants. Some of the finest farms in the State can be found in this north-west from Newport, and twelve south from Dartmouth town. Many of the farmers keep summer boarders through the College. warm Railroad, Lebanon on Northern and Windsor on the Vermont Central, are the nearest Employments. weather, there being about 400 tourists who spend their summer vacation in this pleasant town. Distances. Railroads. paints to railroads. 50,000 clapboards, 200,000 shingles, and 700,000 Furniture to a moderate extent, is manufactured. Resources. Agricultural products, $ $ 5,500 mechanical labor, stocks and bonds, $ 14,000 179,075 ; ; money its in at interest, $37,710; depossavings banks, $ 35,826 stock ; in trade, $54,000; tourists, $ PLAISTOW. feet of boards, etc., are annually sawed. 12,000. from summer Sixty miles north Concord, seventeen Rockingham County. tow Plais- a small township with an even surface, in the larger portion of the town. The soil is generally good, being a mixture of black loam, clay, and gravel. The many thrifty farms, attest as to the quality of the soil, and to the skill and industry of the husbandis �PLYMOUTH. man. 305 William Hurlin, pasThere are four schools in town. Average length of schools, Its proximity to the large manufacturing city of Haverhill, Mass., gives the farmers, a fine tor; Baptist, market for the year, twenty-four for the sale of their sur- tor. Hotel. abundance near the centre of the town, which affords a rare opportunity for the manu- originally is found in facturing of brick. On Village. Boston the and Maine Railroad, near the centre of the town, is located the pleasant village, of Plaistow. There are several stores, of various kinds, one hotel, two church edifices, school houses, post office, telegraph office, one lawyer, two physicians, and about houses. If fifty dwelling inducements proper are held out to the manufacturers in the hill, now crowded city of Haver- First Settlement. of this village, can be doubled, and the valuation trebled within the next five years. The inhabitants Employme7its are largely engaged in the manu. facturing of brick. It is estimat- ed that there will be over 30,000, made the present season (1873). Many people live in this town, and do business in Hav- 000 of brick erhill. Besoui'ces. Agricultural pro- ductions, $29,136; mechanical labor, $46,500; money at interest, there sion. First Churches and ScJiools. Congre- * The Savings Banks, in Massachusetts, receive the benefit of the large deposits, by the people of Plaistow. made Ministers. Rev. James (Congregational) settled in 1730 died in 1764. Rev. Gyles Merrill, ordained in 1765; died in 1801. Boundaries. North and northeast by Kingston, east by Newton, south by Haverhill, Massachusetts, and west by Atkinson. Area 6,839 acres. Area improved land dishing, ; 2,609 acres. Distances. Forty miles south from Concord, eighteen south from Exeter, and four north from east Haverhill, Massachusetts. Railroad. Boston and Maine Railroad passes through this town. PLYMOCTH. Grafton County. is gational Rev. Calvin Terry, pas- date given. definite were among the first settlers. It is said that Deacon J. Harriman was the first man in New-Hampwho embraced the Baptist persua- ; $1,000. no is Captain Charles Bartlett, Nicholas White, Esq., Deacon Benjamin Kimball, and J. Harriman deposits in savings $ 18, 900 banks in the State,* $2,800; stock in trade, $31,590; from summer tourists, Plaistow was of Haverhill New-Hampshire, a charter was granted Feb. 28., 1749. Its settlements commenced early, but 18,000 pairs of shoes, are annually manufactured, and about 350,000 feet of lumber sawed. a part Mass., and was part of the territory, in tbe Indian purchase of 1612. After it became annexed to four miles distant, the popu- lation weeks. Union House. plus productions, at remunerative prices. Clay of the best quality half shire Plymouth town of the county. Owing to its central position on the great railway line of travel to the western sections of the White Mountains the fine natural scenery which surrounds it, and the ; �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 306 energy and public spirit of its citi- becoming one of the most important towns in the county, and it might be said, in the zens, it is r State. The own road, they have never forgotten to lend their influence and their money, for the promotion and welfare of this village. Thej have erected here one of the ests of their surface is generally uneven, and finest hotels in the which is an honor to the town, and to New-Hampshire. Through the warm season this largest but the soil is very good, especially the interval land, and, usually, the farms are well cultivated. State, Many house of the hillsides are suitably adapted to the growing of fruit, and there are but two towns in the county that raise as many apples. numerous Besides Rivers. small streams, in various parts, it watered by the Pemigewassett on its western border, and Baker's River, flowing through the northern section of the town, joins the Pemigewassett in the north-eastern part. Baker's River has its rise in Benton and Orange, and is thirty is miles in length. this river, it is At the mouth of a party of men, said, from Haverhill, Massachusetts, under command of Captain Baker, attacked and defeated a party of Indians, killing a number and securing a large quantity of fur; hence the name of the river. Village. On the Pemigewasset, and on the line of the Boston, Concord, and Montreal Railroad, is situated the beautiful and growing village of Plymouth. It is situat3d in the midst of some of the finest scenery in the State, and this, together with the generally neat appearance of the streets and build- makes it a desirable place to Here is located the State Normal School. The building is of brick, of modern architecture, ings, live in. and with every convenience school of this character. fice for a The of the Montreal Railroad ofis and while the managers have in view the inter- also located here, generally is filled with many of them staying from two weeks to three months. The passengers on the trains north and south dine here; and one train guests, from the north, and two from the south stay over night and with these advantages more people know this house than any other ; hotel in the State. This village is the centre of a large mercantile trade, and has many yeai-s, for also been noted, the manufacturing of buck and leather gloves, and, "Plymouth Glove" is known through the larger portion of the Northern States. There are eleven firms in this village, engaged in this business, with a capital of The annual value of $70,000. gloves manufactured is $ 120,000. There are two church edifices, one large graded school house, fifteen or twenty stores, of all kinds, two the hotels, express fice, and telegraph of- three lawyers, four physicians and two dentists. Blacksmiths, tin workmen, carpenters, painters, and kinds of mechanics a thriving NewEngland village are found here. The number of tourists who stop in and around this pleasant village from one week to three months is estimated at 500, besides the thousands who stop for dinner or for a tailors, common day. all to The most noted places of in- terest, for travellers to visit.besides the pleasant drives in any direc- �05 H fed C 03 o ffl c c r o n ��307 PORTSMOUTH. from the village, are Walker's Livermore Falls, and ProsNo person will be satpect Hill. isfied with his tour through NewHampshire, until he makes a visit tion Hill, town. Employments. Mercantile trade, business, manufacturing, hotel keeping summer boarders, and to this delightful W. Blair, William Leverett, Esq., Joseph Burrows, and Samuel A. Burns. Pemigewasset House, Hotels. valued at $ 75,000 and Plymouth House, valued at $ 10,000. Each Hotel has a livery stable attached, with from fifteen to twenty horses apiece. farming is by no means neglected. There are 6,527 bushels of corn, 9, This town Joseph Blanchard, Zachaand others, July 15, 1763. riah Parker and James Hobert 000 bushels oats, 15,000 bushels po- commenced the tatoes, 32,000 lbs. butter, 29,000 lbs. August, 1764, and in the following autumn, they were joined by Jotham Cumings, Josiah Brown, David Webster, Stephen Webster, professional business are the chief occupations of the inhabitants, but maple sugar, and 3,000 tons of hay, annually produced; 5,740 dozen buck, and 11,000 dozen leather gloves, annually manufactured, valued at $ 120,000 lumber, $ 46, 800; flour and meal, $10,300; besides various other small mechanThe total value of ical shops. goods, annually manufactured, is $ 224,000. (See tables.) ; Agricultural Resources. pro- ductions, $ 104,175; mechanical la- money bor, $57,400; and stocks, $ at interest 9,125; deposits in sa- banks, $51,154; $36,678; from vings trade, tourists, stock in summer $ 50,000 professional bus; Churches and Schools. Congre- gational, Rev. Cyrus Richardson, members, 149 church val$ 10,000 Methodist, Rev. M. W. Prince, pastor; members, 220; value, $19,000. There are eleven schools in town, two of which are graded average length, for the year, twenty-two weeks. Literary Institution. State Normal School, Silas H. Pearl, the ued ; at ; ; ; popular principal of this Institution, died in July, 1873. Libraries. to settlement, in first and Ephraim They organized a Congregational Church in 1765. First Ministers. Rev. Nathan Ward, Congregational ordained James Blodgett, Weston. ; Rev. Fairbanks; ordained in 1800, dismissed in 1818. In 1803, a Methodist church was foi'med. Boundaries. North by Rumney and Campton, east by Holderness, south by Bridgewater, and west by Hebron and Rumney. Area, 16, 256 acres area of improved land, in 1765, dismissed in 1794; Drury ; 10,103 acres. iness, $60,000. pastor Settlements. First was granted Private libraries of over 400 volumes, are Colonel H. Distances. Fifty-one miles north from Concord, by railroad; and thirty-five south-east from Haver hill. PORTSMOUTH. Rockingham County. mouth is Ports- town in half shire town the only seaport the State, and is of the county. In 1872, with the exception of Manchester, it was the wealthiest city in the State, and the fourth in population. The first known white man, to step who was ever foot on the soil �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 308 was Captain Martin Pring, of Bristol, England, in 1603, who landed in the vicinity of where the city now stands. In 1614, Captain John Smith sailed up the Piscataqua and examined its waters but the regular settleof New-Hampshire, ; ment did not commence until It is situated 1623. on the south side of the Piscataqua, about three miles many of the buildings but there are many fine structures of modern architecture. The Cust< >m sequently have an antique appearance ; House, Athenreum, Rockingham House, and several churches, are nice Many buildings. streets are wide, clean, mented with shade of the and orna- trees, while river, at this the residences are adorned with fine yards and gardens, which give point, is over one-half mile wide, the place a pleasant and inviting from its mouth. The and, at low water, is seventy feet deep, with a current of over five The tide rises miles an hour. about ten feet, and consequently, with the strong current, the river is kept clear of ice in the harbor, and for many miles up the river. The river, at its mouth, is protected by head lands and islands, thereby debarring heavy seas from the Atlantic. The channel of the river has never less than forty-five feet of water, at low tide. With advantages, the harbor is considered one of the best and safest on the Atlantic coast. The location of the city is very pleasant; the land gently sloping towards the harbor. There is no pleasanter country, nor finer roads in New-England than are seen around Portsmouth. The country these is thickly settled with good farm them betokening an air of wealth (and it might be houses, nearly all of said luxury,) while the streets are wide, level and beautifully shaded. Portsmouth has not increased in population quite as rapidly as some of her sister cities, who have been extensively engaged in manufacturing for the past thirty yeai-s, but has steadily grown in wealth. It is an old town, and was an hundred years of age before Concord or Manchester were chartered, con- appearance. The proximity to the sea and neighboring beaches renders it a delightful summer resort. Portsmouth, from 1802 to 1813, visited with several- disastrous fires. In 1802, one hundred and two buildings were burned. In December, 1806, fourteen, including St. John's church; and in was fifteen 1813, town of the acres were burned over, destroying three hundred and ninety-seven buildings. It has been the seat of consider- able mercantile trade years, past it and for many number of years has increased quite rapidly for a in manufacturing. Kearsarge Mills, employ 134 males and 237 females; annually manufacture goods to the value of $ 450,000 wheat and corn ground, $ 115,000; leather tanned, $20,000; boots, shoes and slippers, $40,000; foundry and clothing, $ 100,000 machinery, $ 40,000 cod liver oil, $8,000; stone and marble work, ; ; ; $30,000; gas, $32,000; bakery, $31,000; ship building, $55,000; tin soap and candles, $ 12,000 ; ware, $18,300; printing, $55,000; besides cigars, ale, brass foundry, patent grapplers, anchors, furniture, doors, sash and blinds, carriages, coopering, masts and spars, �PORTSMOUTH. tents and awnings, and various other small shops. The total capital invested in manufactories is $ 1,437,000 males employed, 624 females, 401 annual value of production, $ 2,944,500. ; ; • Portsmouth business, is many so situated in its being engaged in 309 ; W. H. Baptist, Rev. Alden, ConRev. C. S. Martyn, pastor; Episcopal, Rev. J. F. Bingham, rector; Freewill Baptist, Rev. L. L. Harmon, pastor; Methodist, Rev. A. C. Hardy, pastor; Unitarian, Rev. James Depastor; Christian, ; gregational, commerce, and Normandie, pastor iness, that Rev. O. Van Cise, pastor; Catholic, Rev. F. C. Walsh, priest. There are twenty-seven schools in town, twenty- two of which are graded in the fishing busimpossible to give account of the re- it is any accurate sources of the city. The receipts, no doubt, from these two sources, are several hundred thousand dollars, annually. There is no doubt but that the individual wealth of this city exceeds that of any other city in the State, with the exception of Man- chester. The agricultural valuable. products are But three towns in the county raise as many apples. The improved land is about 2,000 acres. The average value of crops to each acre of improved land, $ 45 is ; this includes pasturage. The mercantile trade is very having an extensive territory of a rich and populous farming country, both in Maine and NewHampshire. The number of stores, of all kinds, is over two hundred and fifty, with a capital invested of over $1,000,000. Resources. Agricultural productions $ 98,300 mechanical labor, $ 406,000 stocks and bonds, *$ 991, 952 money at interest $ 473,442 stock in trade, § 1,436,301 deposits in savings banks, $ 1,099, 389; from professional business, value of toll bridges, $700,000; $ 27,500 ferries, $ 40,000 wharves, $ 46,734. Churches and Schools. Advent, large, ; ; ; ; ; * ; This does not include U. It is said, amount S. bonds which to over a million of dollars. Universalist, ; number of scholars, 1,974; average length of schools for the year, forty-four weeks value of schoolhouses, $80,000; total amount of money annually appropriated for school purposes, $22,377.39. There are two high schools in connection with the public schools; viz. Girl's High School, A. M. Payson, Principal Boy's High School; Lewis E. Smith, Principal. The schools of Portsmouth are of a high order, and rank as some of the best in the State. Banks. First National Bank, capital, $300,000; National Mechanics and Traders' Bank, $ 300, 000 Rockingham National, $ 200, New-Hampshire National, 000; $ 150,000 Total Stock, $ 950,000 Portsmouth Savings Bank; deposits, $ 2,087,997.55 Portsmouth Trust and Guarantee Company; ; . ; ; ; ; due depositors, $247,619.97; Capital, $ 100,000 unpaid dividends, $77,60; borrowed, $2,386.27; total, $ 350,083.28 Rockingham Ten Cents Savings Bank due deposi; ; ; tors, $449,425.42; (See tables.) The Portsmouth National Bank was the first bank granted by the government, and issued the first bank notes in' the United States, at the time of the rebellPortsmouth Savings Bank ion. national �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 310 was the Bank Savings first char- tered in New-Hampshire, viz. in The 1823. capital invested in National Banks is $300,000 more than that of any other city in the State. Newspapers. Portsmouth Jour- nal, Daily Chronicle, New-Hamp- shire Gazette, Daily Times, and Union. States and (See tahles.) Maritime. The number of foreign vessels entering the port of Portsmouth, for the year ending June 30th, 1871, was 49; tonnage, 7,306; crew, 295; American vessels, 9; tonnage, 1,446; crew, 49; Coastwise Trade and Fisheries Trade Steamers, 49, tonnage, 9, 713 vessels of all kinds, 540 tonnage 58,776; crew, 2,532; fisheries vessels, 306; tonnage, 5,580; crew, 2,770. physicians, and five dentists, be- sides various other professions, in the city. Early History. We append a few quotations of the early settlement of Portsmouth. " In the begining of the seventeenth century, some merchants of Bristol, England, having formed a private company for the investigation of this country, employed for that service, Captain Martin Pring, of Bristol, a skillful navigator" and of considerable note. " They plac- ed under his command two named ves- auspiciously In 1872, the tonnage of the coasting trade had increased to 72,533 the Speedwell, and the Discoverer. In the year 1603, he set sail for America, and was enabled to be the first discoverer of New-Hampshire. Just 270 years ago, ( from 1873,) he entered the channel of the Piscataqua, and explored it for three or four leagues. He landed, and and doubtless, with his compan- ; ; ; — fisheries number tonnage to 7,948. The of registered, enrolled and licensed vessels, belonging to the port of Portsmonth, was 73, with a tonnage of 12,994. Five of these were steamboats, with a tonnage of 429; number of vessels built, 3; tonnage, 1,207. The maritime business of this harbor is constantly increasing, and some predict it will nearly iouble within the next ten years. Hotels. Rockingham House, Kearsarge House, National House, Franklin House, American House. The Rockingham House is one of the largest and finest furnished hotels in the State. All the hotels are of the first order, and compare favorably with the public houses in other towns and cities in New- England. Lawyers and Physicians &c. There are eleven lawyers, eleven sels, ions, trod the soil of this city. The Portsmouth therefore, just- city of ly boasts of years, her antiquity of 270 and of being the first soil in New-Hampshire that was touched by the feet of 1614, the Englishmen. celebrated In John Smith, saved from death by the Indian girl Pocahontas, examined and extolled the deep waters of the Piscataquoag. In 1623, the company of Laconia, in England, consisting of Gorges aud Mason and many eminent and enterprising merchants of London and other cities, selected some choice per- and sent them to establish a plantation on this river. They were high minded men, who had enlarged views of government, religion and religious toleration. They were not of the Puritan party, for Gorges and Mason had not sons, �311 PORTSMOUTH. uated on Pleasant Street, a few north of the Universalist Church edifice. The Rev. Richard the same religious views with the Massachusetts planters. rods John Mason, the London merchant, member Gibson was the pastor, and was of the Portsmouth Company, for the planting, ruling and governing of New-England, and first governor of this province, advanced a large sum of money, for the welfare of this place, and, the | I may be said to have laid the foundation of its commercial prosperiDavid Tomson, a Scotchman, ty. who seems to have been prominent among the planters who first settled here, built a house on Odiorne's Point, a few rods north of the evident remains of an ancient It was built the year of his fort. arrival here, was the first house erected on this plantation, and was afterwards called Mason Hall. About eight years afterward, Humphrey Chadbourne built the Great House, winch was situated on the bank of the river at the corner of It was Court and Water streets. afterwards occupied by Warrenton & Cutts." "On the 28th of May 1653, the plantation, which was accidently called Strawberry Bank, by reaaon of a bank where strawberries were found," on petition of Brain Pendleton, was changed by the General Court at Boston, and called Portsmouth," as being a name most suitable for this place, it being the river's mouth, and as good as any in the land. It was also the name of the Eng- John Mason The first edifice erected here, for public worship, was an Episcopal Church. It was built as early as 1639, on what is lish City in which was born." now erly Church Street, (formChurch Lane,) northerly of called the Court House. erected at the same A parsonage time, was sit- first minister settled in Ports- The worship at this mouth. church was according to the ritual Francis of the English Church. Williams was appointed Governor of the plantation in 1634. He wa I a sensible and accomplished man, and popular with the people. He collected about him many valua- men, whose example and inwas of the best order. These circumstances gave a high ble fluence character to the town. Its reputawas so great that it was always selected in the days of colotion government as a most desiraplace of residence, and for many years it was the home of the royal governors and the king's " It has been distincouncil." nial ble guished for men of patriotism. Here lived William Vaughan, who claimed to be the projector of the siege of Louisburg, under PepDr. Cutter was a surgeon perell. " Colonel in that expedition. Meserve, and Major Hale, took an and Samuel Langdon was the Chaplain of the NewHampshire forces. General Whipple was one of the signers of the active part, Declaration of Independence. Governor Langdon was always a devoted friend to his country. H^, with General Sullivan, seized one hundred barrels of Gunpowder at the fort, in the mouth of the har- and conveyed them to Bunker Hill, where they proved very valuable on the memorable 17th of June. Governor Langdon had the honor of presiding in the Senate when General Washington was elected President of the United bor, �312 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. States, He and John Pickering and Pierce Long were delegates to the Convention, for the adoption of the Federal Constitution, and ably sustained it. Portsmouth points with pride to Sewall, Buckminister, Haven, Penhallow, Langdon, Cutts, Bartlett, Webster, Brown, Alden, Pickering, Shei'burne, Woodbury, and the Wentworths who were natives or residents of the town. " Navy Yard. The navy yard is I 1817 each, owned in 100 shares of $ 100 contains over 11,000 vol- umes; Portsmouth Bridge, I ized respectively in 1789 Mc Clay trict in of vessels of the largest class. It is about three fourths of a mile north east from the city. The territory embraced within its limits is about 65 acres, and is nearly enclosed with permanent quay walls of dimension split granite." water at the wharves The of sufficient depth to float the largest class of government ships, at the lowest tide. There are three is large ship houses, seven large tim- ber sheds, a mast house, and a rigging house machine shops and wood shops on the most extensive ; and improved plans. The quarters for officers and men are not excelled by those of any navy station in the country. There is a scale oating dry dock, for the repair of the largest government ships. This dock is 350 feet in length, 115 in width, 38 feet in height, and cost $800,000. employed 300, to The number of hands in this yard varies over from 2,000. Old Oryanizations and Societies. Portsmouth Aqueduct Company, organized in 1798; Portsmouth Marine Society, organized in 1808 Portsmouth Athenasuni, January, Maine. These forts Whales Back, New White Island, and Boon Castle, the construction 1811. protect the harbor from any foreign invasion. There are four light-houses attached to this dis- Piscataqua, within the limits of Maine, and has every convenience facility for and Forts and Light Houses. Fort Constitution is situated on Great Island and nearly opposite to Fort situated on the east side of the and 1819; Howard Benevolent Society, 1829. The old fire societies were organ- viz., Island. Bridges. connects Portsmouth Bridge, with Battery, the city Maine. Incorporated Capital $64,000. Bridge incorporated in bridge connects New in New 1821. 1819; Castle This Castle, with Portsmouth. Cemeteries. Auburn Street Cemetery has an area of thirteen acres. It is situated on two gentle swells of land at the foot of Auburn Street. In the centre of the ground is a beautiful artificial pond surrounded by a lawn, and ornamented with trees and shrubbery. The grounds are laid out in lots divided with gravel walks, shaded with the oak and maple. Har- mony Grove Cemetery, diton to Auburn is an ad- Street Cemetery. July 4th, 1873, the sons and daughters of Portsmouth celebrated the 250th anniversary since the first permanent settlement was commenced. Almost every city and almost every section of the country was represented in the great meeting of the natives of this ancient town. It was the largest and most important gathering of people ever held in the city of Portsmouth and was considered a success. �313 RANDOLPH. First Ministers. Rev. John Gib- son, installed in 1639; Rev. Joshua Moody, died in settled 1671, in 1697; Rev. Nathaniel Rogers, set1699, died in 1723; Rev. Jabez Fitch, settled in 1725, died in 1746, Rev. S. Langdon, D. D. tled in settled in 1747; dismissed in 1777; Rev. Joseph Buckminister D. D. settled in died 1779; in 1812. Rev. John Second Church. Em- erson, settled in 1715, died in 1732; Rev. William Shurtleff, settled in Rev. Job died in 1747; 1733, Strong, settled in cord Railroad connects it with Central New-Hampshire and the western and northern sections of the State. The Portsmouth Railroad set- now is Dover and (1873,) and will be open the coming autumn. built, being for travel KANDOL.PH. died in 1749, Rev. Samuel Haven, 1751; is reached by the Great Falls and Conway Railroad, which forms a junction with the P. S. and P. about twelve miles from Portsmouth. The Portsmouth and Con- shire Coos County. This town is tled in 1752, died in 1806. situated at the northern base of Boundaries. North-west by Newington, north-east by Piscataqua River, which separates it from Kittery, Maine, south-east and south by Rye, and west by Greenland and Newington. Area 9,000 acres. Portsmouth, including Kittery, Dover, and Exeter, was an independent republic until 1641. It then, with Exeter, placed itself under the jurisdiction of the until 1679, when New-Hampshire was formed into a separate province. It was Massachusetts, with incorporated limits, May 28, porated as a Distances. its 1653. It city, July present was incor- 6, 1849. miles north from Boston, and four hundred and eighty-nine miles northeast from Washington, D. C. Railroads. Fifty-four The railroad facili- Portsmouth are very good. The Eastern New-Hampshire, has its terminus here, and connects the city with Boston. The Eastern connects with the Portland, Saco and Portsmouth Railroad, which leads to Portland, and from ties of thence to all sections of Maine the eastern section of New-Hamp- White Mountains. The suris uneven and broken with hills, and of its area of over 26,000 acres, only 1,400 are under any improvement. The lumber busiface ness is an important branch of resource to the people. Rivers. Branches of Moose and Israel's Rivers are the principal and afford some water power. Farming and Employments.. lumbering is the principal employment, of the people. 1,000,000 feet of lumber, of all kinds, are annuIn seasons of good ally sawed. potato crops, quite a quantity of starch is manufactured. Productions of the Resources mechanical labor, soil, $ 18,401 $ 4,600 deposits in savings banks, from summer tourists, $ 111 $ 2,000. streams, ; ; ; Schools. town There are three schools average length, for the year, nineteen weeks. The average attendance, in proportion to in the ; number of scholars, is larger than that of any other town in the county, viz. 81 per cent. Hotel. Wood's Hotel. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 314 First was Randolph John Durand and others from London, under the name of " Durand" August 20, 1772. It was first settled by Joseph Wilder and Stephen Gilson, and was incorporated and received its present name, June 16, 1824. North by Berlin, Boundaries. east by Gorham, south by the White Mountains, and west by Total Kilkenny. area, 36,680 improved land, 1,400 acres. One hundred and Distances. twenty miles north from Concord, and twenty south-east from Lanacres ; caster. Railroads. The nearest railroad is at Gorham sta- communication tion, five miles distant, on the Grand Trunk Railroad. RAYMOND. The County. town is generally even, but the soil is various. The Rockingham surface of this meadows on the streams are pro- ductive but not under a high state of cultivation, while other portions, if properly cultivated, pro- duce fine crops. Rivers and Ponds. Two branches of the Lamprey River, from Deerfield and Candia, unite in Raymond, and the waters of two ponds fall into this river in its passage through the town. Pawtuckaway River, from Nottingham, crosses through the north-east corner into Epping. In the north part of the town, about one hundred rods from the principal road leading to Deerfield, near the summit of a hill, is a cave or an excavation in the ledge about fifteen feet, which is called the " Oven," from the appearance of its mouth. is called Raymond Deon the Concord and Ports- At what Organization. gi'anted to pot, mouth Railroad, is quite a village. Here are three church edifices, large school house, academy, ten or twelve stores, of all kinds, one hotel, various kinds of mechani- and about seventy-five dwelling houses. It is the centre of a large mercantile trade, and has a business appearance. Agriculture is Employments. the principal employment of the inhabitants, but the manufactures, cal shops, Sale and trade are valuable. lumber to the value of $ 9, meal and flour, $27,400; 200; palmleaf hats, $ 8,000 besides sugar boxes, hogshead staves, tubs, pails, mackerel kits, and various other small mechanical shops. shoes, ; Total value of goods, of all kinds, annually manufactured, is $ 79,800. Resources. Productions of the soil, $ $94,606; 15,700 ; mechanical labor, money $ at interest, 15, deposits in savings banks, 168; $39,194; stock in trade, $30,375; professional business, $ 12,000. FreeChurches and Schools. will Baptist, Rev. Joseph Fullonton, pastor; Congregational, Rev. Samuel Bowker, pastor; Methodist, Rev. William Hews, and Matthew Newhall. There are ten average length, schools in town ; for the year, fourteen Literary Institution. High School. weeks. Raymond "Two Terms in a year." Hotel. Central House; livery stable attached to the house. First was Organization. originally and, for many Raymond a part of Chester, years, was called "Freetown." Itwasmadeadistinct parish in 1762. It was incorpor- ated under the present name, May �RICHMOND Its population, 1764. 9, was in 315 are generally engaged in agriculture. 200,000 heading, 75,000 pail stuff, 440,000 staves, 1,560,000 feet dimension timber and 75,000 revolution. Four were killed, or died in the service. Hon. John Dudley, a patriotof the revolution, member of the committee of safety, speaker of the house, and judge of the superior court, died here, of May terest, $3,435; aged eighty years. First Minister. Rev. Jonathan Stickney, Congregational ordained in 1800. North by DeerBoundaries. field and Nottingham, east by Epping and Fremont, south by Chester, and west by Chester and Candia. Area, 16,317 acres; area of improved land, 11,084 acres. Distances. Twenty-eight miles south-east from Concord, and twenty-five west from Portsmouth. The Concord and Railroad. Railroad passes Portsmouth through this town, in an easterly 21, 1803, ; and westerly pails, are Resources. there being no elevations of any soil produces good crops of rye, wheat, corn, &c. Rivers and Ponds. Branches of the Ashuelot and Miller's rivers, are the principal streams in town. There are three ponds, one of which is one of the sources of MilRiver. Minerals. ler's Soapstone, quartz, felspar phosphate of lime, rutile, iron pyrites, $ 14,945 ; money at in- deposits in savings stock in banks, $49,918; from summer trade, tourists, $400. Churches and Schools. and Universalist. dist, MethoThere are average length, fourteen schools for the year, ten weeks. Hotel. Howe's Hotel. ; First Settlers. This town was granted to Joseph Blanchard and others, February 28, 1752, and the first settlement was made about 1758, by people from Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Rev. Maturin First Ministers. ; died in Rev. Isaac Kenney, settled 1792. formed First in 1768; Baptist Church second, in 1776. North by SwanTroy and Fitzwilliam, south by Warwick and Royalston, Massachusetts, and west by Boundaries. zey, east by Area, 22,725 acres. Seventy miles southwest from Concord, and twelve south from Keene. Fitzwilliam Depot, Railroad. on Cheshire Railroad, distant eight miles. U. S. Mail every Winchester. Distances. other day. RINDGE. garnets, calcareous Cheshire County. The surface of this town is uneven and in some parts rocky, but the soil is and hornblende crystals, are found in one quarry. Iolite, a rare mineral of great beauty, and highly valued, is found in the deep quartz. crops spar, mechanical labor, $21,000; stocks, and in The Productions of the $69,640; soil, 1804. RICH.TIONO. note. annually produced. (See tables.) Ballou, ordained in 1770 direction. Cheshire County. The surface of this town is generally level, The inhabitants Employments. 1775, The names of twentyfour of its inhabitants are found enrolled among the soldiers of the 683. — RINDGE. and fertile yielding of hay and grain. fair �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 316 Ponds and Streams. thirteen ponds let, ; There are Long, Grassy, Bul- Manomonack, Emerson, and Perley Ponds are the principal. The three first discharge their waters into the Contoocook, and the three last into Miller's River. Employments. The inhabitants are principally engaged in agricultural pursuits, but the town is noted for the manufacturing of wooden ware, of various kinds. The different mills annually produce nest, fig, and salt boxes, valued at $ 16,800 bobbins and spools, $22,000; 18,000 brooms, $6,000; ; 1,120,000 pails, $ 2,800,000 19,500, and dimension timber, $43,100, 7,000 bushels meal, and flour $11,000; besides, boots and shoes, are made. There are blackfeet boards smiths, carpenters, painters, sons, ma- and other tradesmen. The $ more inhabitants mechanical labor, stocks and money at in- 14,800 ; $23, 350; deposits in savings banks, $ 47,666 stock in trade, ; $ 28,658. Churches and Schools. Congregational Methodist Rev. W. H. Stewart, pastor. There are ten schools in town average ; ; length of schools, for the year, nineteen weeks; value of school houses $ 8,000 amount of money annually appropriated for school purposes $ 1,577.50 ; Rindge House. Rindge was originally granted by Massachusetts, and was called Rowley Canada or Monadnock Number One. It was incorporated under its present name, February 11, 1768, for one of its proprietors. Hotel. First Settlement. town in 1790, First Ministers. Rev. Seth Dean, (Congregational) ordained in 1765, left in 1780 Rev. Seth Payson, D. D., ordained in 1782, died in 1820 aged sixty-two years. Dr. Payson was eminently distinguished for his many good deeds ; in ministerial labors. Boundaries. North by Jaffrey, and Sharon east by New Ipswich, south by Winchendon, Massachusetts, and west by Fitzwilliam. Area 23,838 acres improved land ; 14,476 acres. Distances. Fifty-miles south- west from Concord, and twenty south-east from Keene. Bailroad. Monadnock Railroad passes through this town. ROCHESTER. Strafford County. Rochester $ 56,395 terest, in than in 1870. to- value of goods annually manufactured is $ 150,600. Besources. Productions of the tal soil, Jonathan Stanley, George Hewetts and Abel Platts first made a settlement here in 1752. There were one of the progressive towns in the State, having, within the past twenty years, nearly doubled its is population and wealth. Its population, at the present time, (1873,) is not far from 6,000, having on its check-list, at the annual town meeting, 1,409 names. In Rochester village there have been erected, within the past three years, two hundred dwelling houses; besides many business blocks Its railroad facilities are equal to those of any town in the State. Four railroads now come into the town, or pass through it, viz. the Eastern, Cocheco, Portland & Rochester and Nashua & Rochester Railroads and the Concord & Rochester Railroad has been chartered and, doubtless, will be built — — �ROCHESTER. The within the next five years. is uneven, rising in numerous swells, but the larger portion can be cultivated. The soil is very good and produces excellent crops of corn, etc. There are some very fine farms, under a high state of cultivation. The value of its agricultural products exceeds that of any other town in the county. surface Squamanagonnick the highest elevation, and Elevations. Hill is constitutes a considerable part of several valuable farms. Rivers. Salmon Falls River washes the eastern border of the town Cocheco River runs through the whole length of the town, and ; nearly through the centre; Isinglass River crosses the southerly corner, just before its junction with the Cocheco River. Both Salmon and Cocheco rivers abundant water power, Falls furnish which beiDg improved, to some is extent. Near the centre of the Villages. town on Cocheco River, stands the principal village, foi'merly called "Norway thrift, In point of Plains." business, wealth, and the en- terprising spirit of its inhabitants, equaled but by few villages Its manufactures in the State. it is and trade are considerable, and very important. There are located Norway 317 and growing Besides, villages. three church edifices, four school houses, a bank, two hotels, forty stores, of all kinds, sevthere are eral eating houses, a newspaper of- fice,three express offices, telegraph, physicians 1 , insurance, lawyers', and various other offices, too numerous to mention. Some of the business blocks are tial buildings. fine, The substan- streets are wide and in many places finely shaded with the elm or maple It is a beautiful village, and all who reside there feel proud to acknowledge it. The various lines of railroads form a junction in this village. East and Rochester growing Portland & is a pleasant village, Rochester on the Railroad. Here are three woolen mills, employing 200 males and females, three churches, school houses, a post office, several stores and various kinds of mechanical shops. Oonie Village has two woolen mills, employing 120 males and fe- males. There are two banks, a church, a school house, several stores, a hotel, post office, &c. It is a very pleasant village, and is the residence of some of the most prominent men in the State. Employments. Rochester can justly be' called one of the princi- Plains pal manufacturing towns of the Manufacturing Company, (three mills) employing 350 males and though its agricultural productions are valuable. The annual value of woolen goods manufactured, in eight mills, is $1,142,000 over 700,000 pairs of boots and shoes are in this village the females ; three shoe manufactories, employing 450 males and females, a large axe handle manufactory, a door, sash and blind factory, two carnage manufactories, a tannery, lumber mills, also blacksmiths, carpenters, shoemakers, tin and the various other kinds of mechanical shops common to enterprising State, ; manufactured $ 9,000 worth of carnages are made; 72,000 lbs. splits, 18,600 sides sole leather, and ; 4,000 calf skins are annually pro- duced; 200,000 shingles, 1,200,000 feet of boards, &c, are sawed; be- �318 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. and blind, and various oher man- sides there are door, sash furniture, The town, seven of them being graded. Average length of schools, for the weeks value of school houses, $ 19,950 amount value of goods, of all kinds, annually manufactured, is $2,275,500.00. (See year, twenty-five tables.) purposes, $6,355.55. Library, Banks, ufactories. Productions of the Resources. soil, total $ 139,888; from operatives in the various manufactories, $463, from carpenters, painters, 000; masons, blacksmiths, &c, $ 90,000 interest, at $ 11,848; money deposits in »fec., $47,600; stock in savings banks, $ 410,531 trade, $181,100; from summer professional sertourists, $ 9,000 This town is bevices, $ 150,000. coming quite a popular resort for summer tourists. The estimated number who annually visit here, for a few weeks or months, through the summer, is three hundred. Churches and Schools. Methodist Rev. D. J. Smith, pastor; stocks, ; ; number of valuation, members, $ 30,000. church Congrega- 300; Rev. H. M. Stone, pastor; 150 church value, $ 20Freewill Baptist, Rev. E. 000. True, pastor members, 40. Catholic, Rev. Father Pugh, pastor; members, 300; church valuation, East Rochester Meth$ 4,000. odist, Rev. A. A. Cleveland, pasmembers, 75 church valuator tion, $3,000. Freewill Baptist, Rev. T. T. Kenniston, pastor; members, 80; church valuation, $9,000. Advent Church, value, $ 800. Two other Advent churches in the Gonic: town valued at $600. Freewill Baptist, Rev. G. S. Hill, pastor; members, 110; church valuation, $ 10,000. One other Freewill Baptist in town, Rev. P. tional, members, ; ; : ; ; Chesley, pastor; members, 50; church valuation, $ 2,500. There are twenty-six schools in ; ; annually appropriated for school Hotels, Etc. Rochester Social Library, 1,850 volumes. Gonic National Bank, Gonic Savings Bank, and Norway Plains Savings Bank. Dodge's Hotel, and "Mansion House," at Rochester, and " Varney Hotel" at Gonic. Total value of hotels, $ 75,000 number of arrivals the ; past year, 10,750. There are four livery stables with 29 horses, val- ued at $ 6,200. First Settlements. Rochester was granted by Massachusetts to several proprietors in one hundred and twenty seven shares. At that time its area was 60,000 acres, but at the present time the town con- was incorThe first permanent settler was Captain Timothy Roberts, who moved here with his family, December 28, 1728. tains only 22,000. porated May 10, It 1722. Ham, Benjamin Frost, Benjamin Tebbetts, Joseph Richards and others came soon after. Eleazer Rochester was one of the frontier towns till Canada came into the possession of the English, in 1760. The inhabitants suffered much through Indian and Canadian cruelties for many years, often being obliged, for the pi*otection of their lives, to live in garri- son houses, and with this precaution, they also kept a vigilant watch night and day. The frequent attacks of the Indians and their allies, caused the men to be bold and adventurous, and their sons, early trained to the use of arms, soon caught the brave spirit ot �319 ROLLINSFORD. their fathers, and they quickly he- Forty miles Distances. east enemies, came and the settlers did not suffer near as much as many towns, that were far less exposed. In June, 1746, Joseph Heard, John Wentworth, Joseph Rich- from Concord, and ten north from and Gershom Downs, were and John Richards wounded and captured. A boy by the name of Jonathan Door was also taken captive and carried to Canada. One Sunday morning in May, 1748, the wife of Jonathan Hodgdon was ken from Somersworth, and incor- killed by the Indians for not willing- any town in the county. The farmers find a good market for their a terror to their ards, killed, ly consenting to accompany them to Canada. Her husband married again, and was the father of twen- He died ty-one children in all. in 1815, aged ninety years. In the Revolutionary struggle, of the inhabitants took an active part. The deeds of Cap- many tain John Brewer and David John McDuffee and Dover. ROLXINSFOKD. Strafford County. ford is Rollins- a very small township, ta- porated July 3, 1849. The soil is of the best quality, and produces excellent crops of various kinds of grain, grass, etc. With one exception, the orchard productions, are more valuable than those of surplus products at Salmon Falls, At Sal- Dover, or Great Falls. mon Falls, in this town, manufacturing village. is a large In this churches, two banks, ten or fifteen stores, of vaFalls rious kinds, the Salmon Manufacturing Works, and two or village are three Place, Colonel three hundred dwellings. memory of the people of Rochester for many Twenty-one men years to come. The Salmon Falls RivRivers. er washes the eastern border of the town, and affords excellent others will live in the from this town were killed or died in that great contest for liberty. Many men who have held distinguished positions, both in the State and nation, were natives or residents of this town. Ministers. First Rev. Amos Main, Congregational, settled in Rev. Samuel 1737, died in 1760. Hill, ordained in 1760, died in 1764. Rev. Avery Hall, settled in 1766, and dismissed in 1775. Rev. Joseph Haven, settled in 1775, and dismissed in 1825. Boundaries North-east by Berwick, Maine, south-east by Somersworth and Dover, south-west by Barrington, and north-west by Farrnington. Area of improved land, 11,368 acres. water privileges. Manufacturing Employments. and mercantile trade are the principal employments of the people, although in proportion to its territory, there is not a better farming district, in the State. The Salmon Manufacturing Company, have a capital of $ 600,000. They employ about 150 males, and 430 Falls females, who annually receive for They $ 160,000. manufacture about 6,000,000 yards of cotton cloth, valued at $ 768,337. There are several other small their labor, over manufactories. Productions of the Resources. soil, $60,500; mechanical labor, $186,359; stocks etc., $25,000; money at interest, $ 16,507 pro; �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 320 fessional business, •? $ 197,520; Congre- gational, Rev. Sclah Merrill, pas- Catholic, J. Sullivan, T. There Episcopal, are six school districts,' and eight priest . ; schools, in for town ; average length, the year, thirty-one amount of ite weeks; money annually appro- One of the largest gran- quarries in the State At town. stock in trade, $ 61,875. Churches and Schools. tor; Quarry. 50,000; depos- savings banks, in its present, in this is being ex- it is tensively worked, and, no doubt, will be a valuable resource of wealth. Estimated value of stone quarried, the present year, (1873,) $ 150,000. Employments. Aside from the quarry business, farming is the employment principal priated for school purposes, $ 3, 354.50; average amount appropri- ated for each scholar, $11.11. ucts, of the people. Banks. Salmon Falls State Bank, and Salmon Falls Savings Bank. (See tables.) Salmon Library. Falls Library, volumes. Hotel. Franklin House. Boundaries. North by Somersworth, east by South Berwick, Maine, and south and west by Dover. Acres of improved land, 2,813. Distances. Forty miles southeast from Concord, and two miles east from Dover. Railroads. Boston and Maine, and Portsmouth, Great Falls and Conway Railroads pass through 1,000 Rollinsford. ROXBVRY. Cheshire County. The surtown is uneven, face of this small rising in considerable swells, and affording excellent grazing land. The soil is fertile, and, when prop- erly tilled, produces fine crops. Agricultural Resources. prod- mechanical labor, $ 38,000 money at interest, $ 4,360 deposits in savings banks, $ 19,088. Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. G. L. Ninas, pastor. There are three schools average $ 27,427; ; ; length, the for year, nineteen weeks. Roxbury First Organization. was formed of a part of Nelson, Marlborough and Keene, and incorporated, Dec. 9, 1812. Joseph Ames, Esq., a celebrated artist, and portrait painter to the Pope of Rome, was a native of this town. Rev. ChristoCongregational; installed in 1816; dismissed in 1819. North by Sullivan Boundaries. and Harrisville, east by Harrisville, south by Marlborough, and west by Keene. Area, 6,000 acres. Fifty miles southDistances. west from Concord, and five east First pher Minister. Page, from Keene. Railroads. It is five miles to Streams and Ponds. The north branch of Ashuelot River, forms Keene town and Keene. Roaring Brook, on which are several valuable meadows, waters the south part, and furnishes a few water privileges. Roaring Brook Pond is on the east Keene Railroad, when built, will pass through this town. the boundary between this side of the town. on the Cheshire The Manchester and Station, Railroad. RCTUIIVEY. Grafton County. The surface of this town is uneven, but the soil There is fertile. is generally �RUMNEY. much good fai-mingland, and some very line farms. There is also a large quantity of good timber, which finds a ready market in Boston, through the Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad. Streams and Ponds. Baker's River and Stinson's Brook, the latter of which flows from Stinson's Pond are the principal streams. Stinson's Pond four hundred is rods long, and two hundred and eighty wide. Part of Loon Pond is on the east line of the town. Mountains. The principal elevations are Stinson's Mountain, Webber and Rattlesnake MounStinson's Mountain receivtain. ed its name from Daniel Stinson, who, while on a hunting excursion with General Stark and two others, in April, was attacked 1752, by a party of ten Indians, commanded by Francis Titigaw. Stark was taken prisoner, and This sad event Stinson slain. will long perpetuate the name of mountain, pond and brook, which bear his name. There is a very pleasVillage. ant village in this town, and the Stinson, through of seat the considerable business. There are two churches, several stores, a hotel, express and telegraph office, manufactories, of various kinds, and about seventydwelling houses. Employments. The larger portion of the people, are engaged in five There is considerable manufacturing of which lumagriculture. ber is the principal; 700,000 shin- and 2^975,000 feet of dimension timber are annually sawed. Some gles years, 60,000 lbs. of camphor is valued at over $21,000; 10,000 truss pads are also made. refined, 321 Gloves to the value of meal rakes, 500 dozens, are els annually $ 14,700 8,900 bush- produced, be- sides, there are various other shops, (See tables.) Agricultural prod- etc. Resources. ucts, $ 115,234; mechanical labor, $39,400; money at interest, etc., $15,834; deposits in savings banks, from summer $25,983; tourists, $10,000; stock in' trade, $33,892; professional business, $ 25,000. Baptist, Churches and Schools. Rev. J. B. Breed, pastor; members, 126; church value, $5,000. Baker's River, Baptist, Rev. G. A. pastor; Glines, members, 81; church value, $,3,000. Methodist, Elder N. P. Philbrook, pastor; church value, $2,000; number of members, 120. There are ten schools in this town; average length, for the year, twelve weeks. Hotel. 3,000, $ Stinson House arrivals, annually; hotel value, ; 10,000. First and This town Daniel Brainard Settlement. was granted to March others, 18, 1767. The were Captain Jonathan Cummings, Moses Smart, Daniel Brainard, James Heath and others, in 1765. First Churches and Ministers. A Congregational Church was estabfirst settlers lished, Thomas October in 1788; tled in 21, 1767; Niles, pastor; Rev. dismissed Rev. Ezra Wilmarth setdismissed in 1811. 1779, A Baptist Church was formed in 1780. Boundaries. North by Ellsworth, east by Campton, south by Plymouth, Hebron and Groton, and west by Wentworth. Area, 22,574 acres. Distances. north-west Fifty-nine from Concord, miles and �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 322 eight north-west from Plymouth. The Boston, Concord Railroad. both pleasant and large towns. was estimated It that fifteen hundred and Montreal Railroad passes through the southern part of this tourists stayed in Rye, through the town. five large warm weather viz., RITE. in 1873. There are and commodious hotels the Farragut, Atlantic, Sea- View, Washington and Ocean*. Rockixgham County. Nearly one third of the sea-coast of the State, is in this town, extending The number of for six miles along the Atlantic. to On Churches and Schools. There are four churches in town viz., Congregational, Christian, Methodist, There are four and Advent. schools average length, for the year, twenty-six weeks. the shore, are three pleasant beaches, viz. Sandy, Jenness, and Wallis. Near Goss' Mills, there is a small harbor, into which ves- burden may enter sels of 80 tons at high water. but is in a The soil is hard, high state of cidtivation, and yields good crops. Employments. But very little manufacturing is done. Nearly all the people are engaged in farming, and, in the summer warm season, keeping Nearly every farm house is a boarding house, and their own tables furnish a good market for their farm prodboarders. ucts, at first-class prices. Resources. Annual productions of the soil, $76,296; mechanical labor, $ 10,500; fisheries, not known deposits in savings banks, .$ 130,660 stocks, bonds, and money at interest, $ 32,910; from sum; ; mer at boarding houses, guests at hotels, $ 75,000, tourists, 8 60,000 ; Summer Tourists. coming widely noted Rye as a is be- summer resort for invalids, lovers of seaside views, and those who are de- lighted by the music of the ocean The beaches are large and for bathing. The roads are hotels last People who come arrivals at all the were 10,000. Rye once are apt season visit again. ; First Settlements. Rye was or- a part of Portsmouth, Greenland, Hampton and NewCastle. Settlements commenced within the present limits of the town, as early as 1635, but it was not incorporated till 1719. The inhabitants suffered much in early times from frequent attacks by the Indians. In 1694, John Locke was killed while reaping grain in his Twenty-one persons were field. killed or captured, at one time, at Sandy Beach in 1696. In this invasion, in 1696, the Indians had been down to the sea-shore for the purpose of fishing, and, returning, they encamped upon the top of a hill. While preparing their breakfast, they were surprised by a party of rangers, and captured. This hill has ever since, been called iginally "Breakfast First Hill. 1 ' Ministers. Rev. Nathan- wave. iel safe in 1733. Rev. Samuel Parsons, ordained in 1736; died in 1739. good, and the drives delightful. in No finer country can be found New England than in the vi- cinity of Rye. Portsmouth, * Morrill, ordained in 1726; left The Ocean House was burnt in the season was one of the largest, and most expensive hotels on the New-England coast, of 1873. miles to and nine to Exeter, It is six It costing nearly $ 100,000. �323 SALEM. At North Salem there Rev. Huntington Porter, D. D., fice, etc. settled in 1784. a church, North and northBoundaries. west by Portsmouth, north-east by Little Harbor, east by the Atlantic Ocean, south by Xorth-Hampton, and west by Greenland. Distances. Six miles south from Portsmouth, and fifty south-east from Concord. Railroads. The Eastern Rail- woolen At the June Session, road. 1872, school house, is three mills, a lumber mill, two and a post office. At Depot Village are two churches, a school house, shoe factory, lumber stores, wheel-wright shop, mill, five six stores, of various kinds, or and a post office. The inhabitants Employments. are about equally divided between forming on one side, and manufacand mercantile trade on the other. Woolen goods, such a charter was granted for a railroad to run through Rye, to be called the Eastern Branch Rail- tories road. and woolen yarn are manufactured, to the value of $ 260,000 annu- SALEM. town is The uneven, af- fording a fair proportion of interThe soil is good, val and upland. and well cultivated, producing ex- cellent crops of corn, grain and proximity to the large city of Lawrence, Mass., affords a fine market for the farmers to sell grass. their Its productions. surplus four other towns in sell as much garden But the county Pavers. ; ferent sections of the town, viz. Salem, North Salem and Depot Village. At Salem village are two churches, a school house, shoe factor^*, woolen mill, lumber mill, small mechanical shops, three stores, one hotel, a post ofseveral and shoes, valued at made $ 179,000 are 800,000 feet of lumber, val- ; are sawed, and small mechanical shops. The total value of goods, annually manufactured, is $460, ued at $ there are 11,500, many (See tables.) 000. Resources. Annual agricultural mechan- productions, $100,137; ical labor, $85,400; terest, ings produce. There are several ponds, the largest of which is Policy Pond, partly in this town and partly in Windham World's End and Captain Ponds are the Spiggott River passes principal. through this town in a southerly direction, and receives in its course many branches, which afford good water power. There are three villages, in difPonds and 163,000 pairs of sale boots ally; Rockingham County. surface of this as flannels, frocking, water-proof, $ 12,400 banks,* money at in- ; deposits in sav- $ 13,174; stock in trade, $31,635; professional business, $ 35,000. Churches and, Softools. Salem: Methodist, Rev. H. Dow, pastor; Congregational, Rev. A. M. Gates, pastor. North Salem Methodist, Rev. S. J. Robinson pastor. DeRev. J. H. Methodist, pot: Baptist, Rev. Haines, pastor; There are Mr. Eaton, pastor. eleven schools in town, two of which are graded average length of schools, for the year, twenty-six : ; weeks; total amoimt of money annually appropriated for school * A large portion of the surplus earnings of the people, finds its way banks in Massachusetts. into the savings, �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 324 purposes, value $1,967.14; of Salem House and Chee- Hotels. ney House. First Settlements. Salem was orig- a part of Methuen, Mass., inally, but came into New-Hampshire in the State division in 1741. It was incorporated May 11, 1750. The town contained, as early as 1775, Hon. Silas man, died inhabitants. 1,084 Belton, a distinguished here in 1822. Rev Ministers. First Abner Bagley, ordained in 1740; died in 1798. Rev. John Smith, D. D., ordained in 1797; dismissed in 1816. North by Londonby Atkinson, east and south by Methuen, Mass., south-west by Pelham, and west by Windham. Boundaries. derry, north-east Distances. Forty miles south from Concord, and twenty southwest from Exeter. Railroad. The Manchester and Lawrence Railroad passes through the town, in a northerly and southerly direction. SALISBURY, Merrimack County. Salisbury one of the best farming towns in the county, and is especially noted for its excellent apple orchards. But two towns in the is State equal this town in production. The surface ally, uneven. The deep, and loamy. River land. ford its is apple gener- soil is strong, On Blackwater some very fertile interval The more hilly portions af- is most excellent pasturage, however, some very fine tillage land, producing good crops of wheat, corn, potatoes etc. 16,000 lbs. of wool is produced annually. But very few towns in the but there is, State hold out better inducements husbandmen, than Salisbury. There are two very pleasant villages located on rising ground about one mile apart, and situated on what was originally called the Fourth New-Hampshire Turnto school houses, $ 8,850, pike. River. It is watered by Blackwater River, which flows nearly through the centre of the town. Mountain. Kearsarge ranges within the bounds of Salisbm-y, the north-west corner of which extends nearly to its summit. Employments. inhabitants. little The to Agriculture is employment of the There is but very the principal manufacturing in the town. had a tendency railroads have injure which mercantile trade, ago was very the thirty years extensive. Productions of the mechanical labor, $ 10,400 stocks and bonds, $ 12, 500; money at intei-est, $17,500; deposits in savings banks, $62,445; stock in trade, $ 8,250. Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. J. B. Cook, pastor; Baptist, Christian, Rev. A. There are H. Martin, pastor. eleven schools; average length, for the year, fifteen weeks. Hotel. Elm House. Resources. soil, $ 129,914; ; ; Salisbury First Settlers. was granted by the Masonian proprietors under the name of Stevenstown, October 25. 1749, and included within its grant part of It was the town of Franklin. settled in 1750, by Philip Call, Nathanial Meloon, Benjamin Pettingill, John and Ebenezer "Webster, Andrew Bohonon, Edward man and Kingston. It East- from was incorporated, others, mostly �325 SANBORNTON. by present name, its March 1, Ebenezer Hon. Men. Noted Webster was one of the first set- He was a patriot of the revolution, an officer of the militia, and held responsible offices in the State, such as Senator in the Legislature, and Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. He died He was the father of the in 1806. Hon. Ezekiel and Daniel Webster, names well known throughout the tlers. Hon Ichabod Bartlett, Hon. Thomas H. Pettingill, and Hon. Charles Haddock were nacountry. tives of this town. Indians. suffered The first inhabitants much from the inroads of On the 16th of May, the Indians. 1753, Nathaniel Maloon, living in the west part of the town, was captured, together with his wife, and three children viz. Sarah, Rachel They were taken and Daniel. Canada, where, himself and wife were sold to the French in Montreal. The children were retained with the Indians, one of whom returned, after an absence to of nine years. After the parents had resided year and a Montreal about in a- they had a son baptized by a French friar, by the name of Joseph Marq. Mr. Maloon returned from captivity after four years and born, half, who was a half, to his farm in Salisbury. Sarah died with the Indians. No record son. Rev. Thomas Worcester, ordained dismissed in 1823. Boundaries. North by Wilmot, Andover and Franklin, east by Franklin, south by Webster, Bosin 1791 1768. is given of the mother and In August, 1753, the wife of was killed, and on the Samuel Scribner, and Robert Barker were captured, and ; cawen and Warner, and west by Area, 26,000 acres. Sixteen miles northwest from Concord. Five miles from Railroads. North Boscawen depot on NorthThe Blackwater ern Railroad. Railroad, when built, will pass directly through this town. Sutton. Distances. S VNIIOBSMON. Belknap County. In 1828, the southern corner of Sanbornton, lying between the Pemigewasset and Winnipiseogee rivers, was taken to help form the town of Franklin, and thereby taking valuable water power on both rivers. But it still retained enough territory and water power, to make it the best farming town, in the State, and to have a flourishing manufacturing village. In July, 1869, the south-eastern portion of the town, bordering on the Winnipiseogee River, was dis- annexed, and incoi'porated into a town, under the name of Tilton. This last depletory movement, severed from its territory, 8,600 acres of improved land, nearly all of its water power, and a thriving manufacturing village. If the territory of the town was the same as forty-six years ago, the value of its agricultural productions, now be over $ 340,000 would annually, by any town in the manufactured goods would be valued at nearly $2,000, 000, and it would have a population Philip Call far the largest of same State: day, taken to Canada. First Ministers. Rev. Jonathan Searle, (Congregational,) ordained in 1773; dismissed in 1791. and its of nearly 4,000. But notwithstanding this large draft on its territory, it is still one �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 326 of the most important farming towns in the State, ranking as the fifth in the value of its agricultural productions. is generally The uneven, mountainous, nearly surface but all the not high- est hills are suitable for cultiva- Much tion. attention has been given to the growing of the apple, and the value of its productions exceeds that of any other town in the State. Salmon Streams and Ponds. Brook rises in Salmon Pond, in the north part of the town, and flows nearly through the centre, in a southerly direction, into Franklin, and discharges its waters into the Pemigewasset. In its passage, it furnishes some water power for small mills, and is the only stream of note. Lake Winnisquam washes its eastern border. Sanbornton Square was the first settled part of the town, and at one was the seat of considerable but Tilton, and Laconia, have taken nearly all of its former prestige, as to trade and other business. There are two church edi- time, trade, fices, office, a school house, store, postand several dwelling houses. Employments Nearly all of the inhabitants are engaged in agriculture. There are a few saw mills, and some mechanThere are annualshops. $ 2,257 from summer tour$ 1,000. Churches and Schools. 1st Baptist, Rev. A. Rankin, pastor; 2d Baptist, Rev. V. B. Bunker, pastor; Congregational, Rev. M. T. Runnels, pastor; F. Baptist, trade, ; ists, . There are fourteen schools in town; average length, for the year, eighteen weeks. Sanbornton First Settlements. was granted by the Masonian proprietors, in 1748, to several persons by the name of Sanborn, and was by John Sanborn, Andrew Rowen, David Duston and others. It was incorporated, settled in 1765, March 1, First 1770. Minister. Woodman, dained in 1771 first Baptist lyproduced, 1,500 bushels of wheat, 11,500 of corn, and 25,000 bushels potatoes; apples to the value of $14,000; besides 51,000 lbs butter, 14,000 lbs. cheese and 5,200 tons of hay. Productions of the Resources. soil, $215,204; mechanical labor, $5,000; stocks and money at interest, $18,575; deposits in savings banks, $93,466; stock in Joseph died in 1807. ; The Church was foraged in 1793. North by Neweast by Lake Winnisquam, south by Tilton and Franklin, and west by Acres, Hill and New-Hampton. of improved laud 20,935. Twenty-one miles Distances. north from Concord, and six west from Gilford. Railroad. Three miles to Tilton, on the Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad. Boundaries. Hampton and Meredith, grist-mills, ical Rev. (Congregational,) or- SANDOW1V. Rockingham surface of this the soil is County. The town is uneven, but well adapted to the growing of grain or grass. Ponds and Rivers. There are several ponds, the largest of which is Philip's Pond, lying in the south part of the town, about 340 rods Angle Pond long, and 200 wide. in the south-east part, is about 200 rods long, and 100 wide. Squam- �SANDWICH. River flows from Philip's Pond, and unites with another stream of about the same size, about one half mile from the pond. are the principal These two streams in town. Employments. In the summer months, the larger portion of the people are engaged in agriculture, but many in the winter are engaged in shoe making and lumbering. bottomed, is brought, principally, from Haverhill, and Lynn, Mass. There are annually sawed, 1,000,000 feet of lumber, valued at $13,000. Productions of the Resources. annually, $ 30,694 from mechanical labor, $22,200; deposits in savings banks, $8,345; money at stock in trade, interest, $ 10,625 soil, ; ; $ 11,437. There Churches and Schools. are two churches, viz. Methodist, Methodist. and Congregational. W. H. H. The Collins, pastor. students furnish the Congregational. There are four schools aver; age length, for the year, eighteen weeks. First Settlers. This town was originally a part of Kingston. Moses Tucker, Israel and James Huse, and others, settled here in 1736. It was incorporated April 6, Rev. Joseph Cotton, ordained in 1759; died in 1780. Rev. Samuel Collins settled in 1781 ; Webber, left in 1788. Rev. John settled in 1795: removed in 1800. Boundaries. North by Chester and Fremont, east by Danville, south by Hampstead, and west by Area, 8,522 Chester and Derry. acres. miles south-east from Concord, twenty- from Portsmouth, and thirteen from Exeter. Railroads. Eight miles to Plaistow, on the Boston and Maine Railroad. The Nashua and Roch- six south-west ester Railroad, now being built, will pass through this town. SANDWICH. Carroll County. The surface uneven, but the soil is deep, strong, and produces excellent crops of wheat, corn, oats and hay. Sandwich is situated in a basin, being nearly surrounded by mountains, and affording some of the finest and most picturesque scenery in the whole mountain region is of New-Hampshire. In the summer months, nearly every farm-house is filled with city visitors, who spend their summer quiet town, in this vacation, among the hills, and beside the mountain streams. It is estimated that nearly one thousand persons, from all sections of the country, spend their summer vacation Sandwich is the best farming town in the county. Its mountain pastures are excellent, and seldom affected by drouth. The town is noted for its fine horses and cattle, and the farmer finds a here. ready sale for 1756. First Ministers. Thirty-one Distances. scot About 120,000 pairs of shoes are made. The stock, ready fitted to be 327 all his surplus prod- home. There are Rivers and Ponds. numerous streams, many of which are well stored with trout.. Bear Camp, Swift, and Red Hill Rivers, ucts at The waters are the principal. of the Bear Camp and Swift, their way to the ocean, find through the Saco, the Red Hill, — About through the Merrimack. one fourth of Squam Lake, lies in �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 328 Employments. the south-west corner of the town, and this and Bear Camp and Red The people are generally, engaged in farming, summer and boarders, from Hill Ponds, are the principal bod- keeping water. Sandwich MounMountains. tains are a lofty range, extending in a north-easterly course, and terminating at Cochorua Peak in Part of Ossipee MounAlbany. which they receive good returns for their labor. About 30,000 pairs of shoes are annually made, and 300, 000, shingles, and 500.000 feet of tain lies in the south-easterly part of excelsior and salt boxes, has commenced operations. (See ies of of the town. Squam Mountain ex- &c, annually produced. boards A large mill for the manufacture tends from Holderness, through a corner of Campton into Sandwich. There are many elevations which tables.) would be $ called mountains, with geographical names, in many localities of the State, but here, un- der the towering Whiteface, they are considered only hills. In October, 1820, after a long drouth, a heavy rain set in, and continued for a number of days, causing a from Whiteface Mouncutting a deep ravine in its heavy tain, slide sides, for several miles in extent, and sweeping rocks and trees in promiscuous confusion into the meadows, at its base. The traces of this slide, on the side of the mountain, can be distinctly seen, for nearly forty miles from the base of the mountain. As in those days when Cochorua and his tribe, roamed through this trackless waste, the sides of these mountains, and the ravines among them, are shaded with deep, dark forests, and are still the haunts of the bear, panther, and deer. But the whiz of the red man's arrow, which often pierced the heart of the inocent fawn has long since ceased. Village. There is a very pleasant village, in this town, at a point called Hoyt's Corner. Here are several stores, one hotel, offices of various kinds, three churches, an academy and about 60 dwellings. Productions of the mechanical labor, stocks, bonds, and money Resources. soil, $181,475; 12,500 ; at intei-est, $13,688; deposits in savings banks, $ 10,964 stock in trade $ 12,450; from summer tourists, $ 30,000. Some persons, who reside here, are considered very wealthy, but the town does not ; have the honor of showing paper. it on Churches and Schools. There are one Congregational, two Quakei, two Freewill Baptist, and two Methodist churches. Elder G. N. Bryant, Methodist; Rev. C. L. Tappan, Congregational and Rev. L. B. Tasker. and H. R. Beede, are pastors. There are twentythree school districts, and twentyone schools: average length, for the year, eighteen weeks. Amount of money annually appropriated ; for school purposes, $2,420.53. Literary Institution. Beede's Literary Institute. (See Literary In- stitutions.) Banks. There are two banks in town. Carroll County National Bank, and the Sandwich Savings Bank. (See tables.) Hotel. Eagle Hotel. This town First Settlements. was originally granted by Gover- nor Benning Wentworth, in 1763, and comprised six miles square. �329 SEABROOK. On September 5, 1764, the grantees, having represented that the north and west sides of their grant were rocky and mountainous, received an additional grant of territoiw, on the east and " Sandwich incorporated, south side, called Addition. 11 It was October 1768. 25, Hon. Daniel Beechef, a useful zen, resided here many cit- years. Early Minister. Rev. Daniel Smith, settled in 1827; dismissed in 1832. North by WateirBoundaries. east by Albany and Tamworth, south by Moultonborough, and west by Holderness, Campton and Thornton. Area, 64,000 acres ville, improved land, 23, 900 miles Fifty-two Distances. north from Concord, and twentytwo north-west from Ossipee. Railroads. It is sixteen miles to Meredith railway station, on the Montreal Railroad. A stage runs to this station six times a In the summer, this stage week. connects with the boats, at Centre The Portland, Rutland Harbor. built, will pass through Sandwich. SEABROOK. every town, and in its passage affords a few water privileges of moderate power. Several small streams rise in this and adjacent towns, and form the Seabrook River, in the marshes. In its course, it unites with the Hampton River, and thence, in a few miles, joins the ocean. The beach is a favorthe ite resort in partly Grape warm season. Titcomb's Elevations. Hill, town and South-Hampton, and lies partly in this in Hill, in the south-west part of the town, and partly in Massachusetts, are the principal elevations. From the summit of these an extensive and delightful view of the surrounding country can be obtained. Employments. Agriculture is a valuable occupation of the people, but the manufacturing of women's and children's boots and shoes, is the most extensive branch of busihills ness. Rockingham County. to acre under improvement, while the average in the whole State is only $ 9.32. Streams. Cam's Brook has its rise in Salisbury, Mass., and flows through the south-east part of the which acres. and Otsego Railroad, when The land averages $ 20.90 The stock is cut out and Seabrook is one of the ocean towns, of the State, and has extensive plains of salt marsh. The middle and eastern portions of the town are comparatively level, being in many sections gentle swells, The soil is light, easy of cultivation, and productive. The farmers find a good market for their farm produce in Newburyport, Mass., five prepared for bottoming, and put miles distant. But few towns in the State, in proportion to the number of acres under improvement, produce as valuable crops. ous sections of the town, which are There are filled with workmen. over 1,000,000 pairs of boots and shoes annually made, giving em- into cases of 60 pairs each, in Lynn and Haverhill, Mass., and sent the workmen in Seabrook, to to be There are shoe manufactories having machines, and employing finished into shoes. three 65 large men and These boys, three and 15 factories women. annually make over 300,000 pairs. There are many shoe shops, in vari- �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 330 ployment to over 250 men and women. Many thousand pairs of shoe uppers are sent to Seabrook, which gives employ- to be fitted, ment number of females. It is estimated that there are over 200 sewing machines, in town. Quite a number of men are engaged in making boats. The lumber business is importo a large and 1,100, of boords and dimension 70,000 shingles, tant. 000 feet timber are annually sawed. Resources. Productions of the soil, $69,370; mechanical labor $ 124,250 700; money ; at interest, $ 1, deposits in savings banks,* stock in trade $ 10,500; $3,115; from summer tourists, $ 5,000. Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. Win. Rand, pastor; Baptist, Rev. H. H. Buman, pas- W. C. BartCongregational of tor; Methodist, Elder lett, pastor; Seabrook and Hampton Falls. There are five schools in town; average length, for the year, twenty-five weeks. Academy. Dearborn Academy is located in this town, and was founded in 1854, being endowed with $ 15.000 by Edward Dearborn, an eminent physician, and a distinguished citizen of Seabrook. in the It is situated pleasant village commands a brook, and of Seafine view of the ocean, and the neighboring Dr. Dearborn, also left income of which is to be used for the support of the Gospel. villages. $4,000, the Hotel. * Washington House. The Savings Banks of Massachusetts get the surplus earnings of the people of mouey was this NewHampshire Savings Banks, the town would town. If the deposited in annually get from the State, over $ 1,000. First Settlers. Christopher Hus- Dow, and Thomas Philbrick, were among the first settlers. It was originally a part of Hampton, afterwards Hampsey, Joseph ton Falls, were first The and the settlements commenced about 1638, inhabitants suffered consider- bly by Indian depredations, and many prominent citizens were cruelly massacred. On one of their attacks, they killed the widow Mussey, a prominent member of the society of Friends. She was noted on account of her talent as a public speaker. They also killed Thomas Lancaster, Jonathan Green, a child of widow Benjamin Brown, and Nicholas Bond. These murders were committed in the most horrible and cruel manner. It is Weare believed that Meshech first chief magistrate the of New-Hampshire, settled within the limits of this town. Nathaniel Weare was an agent of the colony to prosecute the complaints against the royal governor, Edward Cranfield, land. and spent some time in EngHis son, Nathaniel Weare, and father of Meshech Weare was a prominent public business man. Both lived within the limits of Seabrook. Edward Gove, a member of the assembly which Cranhimby his opposition to the Cranfield government. He was arrested and convicted of high treason, sent to England and confined in the Tower of London. After remaining there three years, he was pardoned and returned to his home. Seabrook was granted to Jonathan Weare and others in field dissolved, distinguished self 1768. First Ministers. Rev. Samuel �SHARON —SHELBURNE. Perley, ordained in 1765 removed in 1775; Rev. Elias Hull, settled ; in 1779; died in 1822. North by Hampton by the Atlantic, south by Salisbury, Massachusetts, and west by South Hampton and Kensington. Area of improved land, Boundaries. Falls, east 3,320 acres. Fifteen miles south Distances. from Portsmouth, eight south-east from Exeter and forty south-east from Concord. The Eastern Railroads. Rail- road passes through the easterly section of the town and southerly direction. in a northerly SHARON. Hillsborough Countt. surface of Sharon is uneven and is suitably adapted to grazing than to grain, though there are some excellent farms under high cultivation. In the south-easterly part of the town, is a medical spring, which is frequently visited by invalids. This spring is strongly impregnated with iron and sulphur, and is noted for its healing qualities. Farming is the employment of the peo600,000 feet of lumber is an- Employments. principal ; nually sawed. Resources. soil, $ $ 3,000 terest, 135 ; 18,572 Productions of the mechanical labor, stocks and ; $ money at in- 3,300; stock in trade, $3, deposits in savings banks, $10, 855; from Schools. in ; town ; summer tourists, $2,000. There are three schools average length, for the year, fifteen weeks. Organization. originally Slip. It 24, 1791. North by PeterBoundaries. borough, east by Temple, south by New Ipswich and Rindge and west by Jaffrey. Forty-eight miles Distances. south-west from Concord, and eighteen west from Amherst. Railroads. The nearest railroad communication is at Barker's station, on the Monadnock Railroad. SHELBURNE, Coos County. Shelburne is of grand mountain scenery, not to be excelled by any town in the State. The soil, on both sides of the Androscoggin, is excellent, producing abundant crops of grain full and grass. The more ple 331 This town was Peterborough called was incorporated, June Androscoggin River Rivers. passes through the center of this town into which fall the waters of Rattle River and some smaller streams. Mountains. Moriah is the most noted elevation, and has an altitude of nearly 4,800 feet. From the top of this mountain, some of the best mountain views in the " Moses State can be obtained. Rock" is on the south side of the river, near the center of the town. It is about sixty feet high and ninety feet long, very smooth and rising at an angle of neai-ly 50°. Minerals. Lead and zinc have been found in considerable quanThe lead mine has been tities. worked with apparent success, but at present nothing is done. Shelburne presents Scenery. much wild and beautiful scenery, and many tourists spend their summer vacation here. Mount Moriah, Lead Mine Bridge, and Moses' Rock are interesting localities to visit. Employment. The inhabitants �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 332 are generally employed in farming. There is not a town in the State where farming pays any greater of proportion to the number of its inhabitants, than Shelburne. The annual value of farm products will average over $ 160 to each person in town, while the average in the whole State is about $70. Resources. Farm products, $41, State, in manufactures. profits, in money 922; at interest, mechanical labor, $ mer 1,800 $7,850; ; $ 10,000. Churches and Schools. sum- tourists, Two churches, viz. Congregational and Methodist. There are five schools average length, for the year, nine weeks. Hotel. Winthrop House. First Settlers. Benjamin and David Ingalls commenced a settlein 1775, In August ment here 1781, a party of Indians visited the town, killed one man, captured another, and returned to Canada with improved land, 3,170 acres. Distances. One hundred and thirty-three miles north River and Salmon Village. Falls River passes along northeastern border, which separates it from Maine, and is the only stream of note in town. its The village of Great Falls is situated on this river, where centres all the manufacturing and trade in town. The Great Falls Manufacturing Company power controls all the water which at this point, is rated power. This Confpany has a capital of $ 1,500,000 and employs 775 men, at 3,200 horse ; women, and 775 250 children, who annually receive for their labor, $533,000, and manufacture 19,728, 000 yards of sheetings etc., valued at $2,446,000. The improvements of machinery have largely increased their productions, but not the help The Somersworth Machine Com- their prisoner. Boundaries. North by Success, east by Riley and Gilead, Maine, south by White Mountain region, and west by Gorham. Area, 18,140 acres; its manufactured productions and trade, in the county, and ranks as the fifth town, or city, in the from Con- cord and about thirty south-east from Lancaster. Railroad. Grand Trunk Railroad passes through the town. SOMEKSWORTH. pany, iron founders and machinists, manufacture cooking, office and parlor stoves, hollow wai-e, also, all kinds of castings for mills, gas work, cast iron, steam, gas and water pipes, retorts, hydrants, &o: Capital invested, $100,000; employ 100 hands annual pay roll, ; $60,000 and producing goods, of various kinds, to the value of $ 200, 000. Great Falls Woolen Company manufacture fancy cassimeres, 6-4 goods. Capital, $ 100,000 employ 60 males 30 females pay roll, $ 36, annual productions, $ 300, 000 ; Strafford County. Somersworth is a small township, and the people are almost exclusively devoted to manufacturing, mercantile trade and professional business. Next to Dover, it is the most important town, in the value ; ; 000. Wright & Company; flour and meal; capital, $30,000; annually produce 1,000 barrels of flour and 168,000 bushels meal, valued �SOMERSWORTH. at $ 181,000,* ufactured, There are also manand spools, bobbins $35,000; harnesses, $9,500; 300, 800 pairs of sale boots and shoes, valued at $ 325,000. There are no shoe manufactories in town, but the stock, ready cut and put up in cases, is brought from out of the State to be made into boots and shoes. Perhaps a few cases come from the adjoining towns. There are bakers, confectioners, custom boot and shoe workmen, carpen- marble ters blacksmiths, painters, workers, masons, photographers, printers, tailors, and various other trades there are six church edi; two large school houses, two banks, between sixty and seventy stores, of all kinds, two hotels, seven lawyers, nine physicians and fices, various other professions. This village is located in a remarkably romantic part of the country. Nearly opposite the office of the Great Falls Manufacturing Company, and in the centre of the vilis a handsome public grove, on ground, sloping towards the lage, mills. This grove is a great resort for the inhabitants, in the warm season of the year. Nearly of trees are to be found here, such as the maple, oak, elm, chestnut, pine, etc. Many of the streets are beautifully shaded, and all varieties lined on either side with fine resi- dences and adorned with spacious yards. The cemetery about one mile from the village, and has many expensive monuments and headstones. It is a beautiful and attractive spot for mourners to spend a silent hour near those they once is * The business of the manufactories was taken from the census of 1S70, not receiving any returns from them of their present business. 333 held dear, but who now lie slumbering in the dust. Employments. As can be seen, Somersworth is a manufacturing and mercantile town. There are some very fine farms under a high state of cultivation, and the country around here is an excellent farming The district. manufacmales employed, 1,053; females and children, 1,089; annual pay roll, $715,000; tories capital invested in $ is 1,884,000 ; value of productions, $3,594,000. Resources. Annual productions of the soil, $39,980; mechanical labor, $ 715,000; stocks and money $ 157,400 deposits in at interest, ; savings banks, $361,046; stock in trade, $344,214; summer tourists, professional services, $ 10,000 ; $ 125,000. Churches and Schools. Congre- gational Rev. S. W. Webb, pastor Methodist, High street, Rev. J. W. Adams, pastor; Main Rev. F. Ryder, pastor; no pastor; pastor; street, Baptist, Freewill Baptist, no Roman Catholic, Rev. Patrick Canovan, priest. There are fourteen schools, eleven of which are graded average length of schools, for the year, thirty-four weeks; value of schoolhouses and lots, $20,500; annu ; al amount of money appropriated $ 6,783.50. The public schools have stood high in for school purposes, this town for many years. The law which provides for the union of several districts to establish graded schools, originated through the citizens of this town in securing a law for this purpose, now called the " Somersworth Act." The High School is under the James W. Dixon, struction of Principal. in- as �OO J. NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. Great Falls Manuand Village Library, 6, 000 volumes Agricultural Library, 1,000 volumes; A. Twing's prominent men. private library, 1,000 volumes. Hon. John Wentworth, was born in this town July 14, 1745, and graduated at Harvard College, Libraries. facturers, ; Banks. Great Falls National Bank, Somersworth Savings Bank, and Somersworth National Bank. (See tables.) Newspaper. nal. Great Falls Jour- (See tables.) Great Falls Hotel, and Hotels. William WentJohn Hall and William First Settlement. worth, commenced settlement within the limits of thi" town, between 1650 and 1675, but the exact date is not known. Since 1823, the village of Great Falls has been nearly all built. At that date the Great Falls Manufacturing ' a Company was tered, with a capital of prior to that time there char- $ 500,000 was only a saw and grist-mill and two Somersworth dwelling houses. was taken from Dover, and incorporated April 23, 1754. Many of the first settlers were killed or taken captive by the In- George and Matthew Ricker were ambushed and killed near Varney's Hill, Oct, 7, 1675. A Quaker by the name of Ebenezer Downs was taken captive and cardians. ried to insulted fused to tives Canada in 1724. He was and abused because he redance with the other cap- amusement of the The following year he for the savages. 1768. He was a member of the Continental Congress in the Revolution, and died January 10, 1787. Hon. Thomas Wallingford was born in Bradford, Mass., in 1697. He came Granite State House. Styles Nicholas Pike, author of the popular system ol arithmetic, was born here Oct. 6, 1745; John Wentworth, son of the was redeemed. to energetic town in the and, being business, from this early part of his in life, his a small beginning, became of the most wealthy men one in the province. Ichabod Rollins was born here He was Judge of Probate for the county of Strafford, and died January 31, 1800. Ministers. Rev. James First Pike, ordained in 1730; died in 1792. Rev. Pearson Thurston, dismissed in ordained in 1792 in 1721. ; 1812. North-east by Boundaries. South Berwick, Maine, south by Rollinsford, south-west by Dover, and north-west by Rochester area ; of improved land, 2,294 acres. Distances. Forty-five miles east from Concord, four north-east from Dover, and twelve north-east from Portsmouth. The Railroads. ties railroad facili- of Somersworth The Boston tends to this are good. & Maine branch exvillage, and the East- ern, Great Falls & Conway passes In the summer of 1710, Jabez Garland was killed and the next year Gershom Downs fella victim to their savage cruelties between Varney's and Otis Hill. This town has been the along the north-eastern border with the station at the village. It is expected that the Portsmouth and Dover Railroad will be extended to this town, forming a junction with the Great Falls and birthplace and residence of Conway many Railroad. �SOUTH HAMPTON —SOUTH SOUTH HAMPTON. Rockingham surface of this The County. town is uneven, but not rough, the land rising in gentle swells, and affords exellent pasturing and tillage. The inhabitants are noted for their proficiency in agriculture; and their enterprise, industry, and success in this department, entitles them to more credit than they claim. Amesbury and Newburyport, Mass. furnish the farmers with a good market for all their surplus products. River. Powow River passes through the western part of the town. The former water power on it, in this town, is nearly flowed out by the Salisbury Mills Company, at Amesbury. Employments. The inhabitants are generally engaged in farming. About 350,000 feet of lumber, of various dimensions, are annually produced, and 2,000 pairs of sale shoes manufactured. Productions of the Resources. soil, $47,430; mechanical labor, $ 3,200 stocks, and money at inter; $3,275; deposits in savings banks,* $46; stock in trade, $450. Churches and Schools. Baptist, est, Rev. J. W. There Average length Searle, pastor. are three schools. cf schools, for the year, thirty-one weeks. The Barnard Academy was founded through a bequest of the late Hon. Benjamin Barnai'd, with a fund of $ 4,200. Hotel. " Central House." First Settlers. Hon. Phillips a member of the old congress, a councilor in 1792 and 1793, and for many years judge White, *A who was large portion of the surplus funds of the inhabitants, in the towns bordering on Massachusetts, finds of that State. its way into the Savings Banks NEWMARKET. 335 of probate, died June 24, 1811, aged eighty-two. The town was formed from parts of Hampton and Kingston and incorporated May 25, 1742. First Ministers. Rev. William Parsons, Congregational, ordained 1743, dismissed in 1762; Rev. Nathaniel Noyes, settled in 1763, dismissed in 1800. Boundaries. North by East Kingston and Kensington, east by Seabrook, south by Amesbury, Massachusetts, and west by Newton. Acres of improved land, 3,899. Distances. Fifty miles southeast from Concord, six south from Exeter, and eighteen south-west from Portsmouth. Railroads. Three miles to the station at Amesbury, on the Eastern Railroad, and four to East Kingston on Boston and Maine Railroad. The Exeter and Amesbury Railroad, when completed, will pass through the town. in SOUTH NEW-MARKET. Rockingham County. New-Market is South a small township, taken from New-Market, June 27, 1849. The surface is uneven, but the soil is strong, and, when properly tilled, produces excellent crops. Many of the farms are under a high state of cultivation. Rivers. Swamscot and Piscassic Rivers are the principal streams. The Swamscot is navigable for vessels of considerable burthen at high tide. The Piscassic affords some water power. Village. On a slight elevation from the Swamscot, and on the Boston and Maine Railroad, is located the pleasant and busy village of South New-Market. But few villages of its size, in the State, produce more valuable manufac- �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 336 tured goods. The Swamscot Machine Company, is located in this 175 men. village, and employs There is also one other small machine shop, which does a fine business. There are four stores, two hotels, two churches, one large school house and about 100 dwellings. The main street is wide, and the buildings are neat, and some of them costly structures. Employments. South New-Market can justly be called a manufacturing town. There are annually produced 25 engines, 1,500,000 feet of gas pipe, 90 tons of brass and iron fittings, 48 steam boilers, 750 tons of iron castings, and 13 tons of brass and copper castings, besides other miscellaneous machine works, the whole being valued at There are also over $310,000. sawed 200,000 feet of lumber, besides blacksmith and other mechanical work. The total value of goods annually manufactured is $ 319,000. Agricultural Resources. ucts, $ prod- mechanical labor, stocks, and money at $38,140; 109,000 interest, ; $ 17,934; deposits in sav- ings banks, $ 46,871 ; stock in trade, $8,400. MethoChurches and Schools. Rev. H. A. Mattison, pastor; Congregational, Rev. Joseph Bart- dist, lett, pastor ; Universalist, ; Father Egan, priest. Catholic, There are four schools in town, three of which are graded. Average length of schools, for the year, thirty-one weeks amount of mon; ey annually appropriated for school purposes, $ 1,285.31. Hotels. " "Shute House," and Elm House." First Settlement ter. See Exeter. and First Minis- Boundaries. North by NewMarket, east by Stratham, south by Exeter, and west by Epping. Area, about 6,000 acres; area of improved land, Distances. 3,330 acres. Thirty-six miles south-east from Concord, twelve west from Portsmouth, and four north from Exeter. Railroads. Boston and Maine Railroad passes through the town in a northerly and southerly direction, and the Portsmouth and Concord in an easterly and westerly direction. SPRINGFIELD. Sullivan County. The soil of town is strong and produces this good crops of corn, oats and potatoes. Rivers and Ponds. It is watered by branches of Black water and Sugar Rivers, affording some very good water privileges. There are several ponds, viz., Station Pond, Cilley Pond, Star, Stony and Morgan Ponds. Station Pond is the largest body of water, and is 250 rods long and about 140 wide. The people are Employments. principally engaged in agriculture. 550,000 shingles and 350,000 feet of &c, are annually sawed. (See tables.) Resources. Productions of the boards, $72,552; mechanical labor, $1,200; stock in trade, "$2,700; deposits in savings banks, $ 19, soil, 667. Churches and Schools. Christian Church, Rev. Lorenzo Bailey, pastor. There are thirteen school and eleven schools. Aver- districts age length of schools, for the year, sixteen weeks. First Israel Settlers. Clifford, Israel Clifford, jr., Nathaniel �STARK — STEWAIITSTOWN. Clark, and Samuel Stevens settled here in 1772. Early Minister. Rev. Job Cnshsettled here in 1825, dismis- man, sed in 1828. 38 miles north-west Distances. from Concord, and 13 north-east from Newport. Boundaries. North by Grafton, east by Wilmot, south-east by New London, south by Sunapee and Croydon, and west by Croydon and Grantham. Area, 28,300 acres. The nearest railroad West Andover, on the Northern (N. H.) Railroad. The Railroads. station is at public conveyance to this depot is by stage. STARK. The ucts, 860,038; S 26,200 868; $ ; mechanical labor, at interest, § 15, money ; deposits 1,650 337 in savings banks, stock in trade, $ 20,700. MethoChurches and Schools. Elder Amos Merrill, pastor. There are seven schools. Average length of schools, for the year, twelve weeks. dist, Caleb and First Settlements. Benjamin Smith settled here in 1788. This town was originally called "Piercey,'''' and incorporated by that name January 9, 1795, but was changed to its present name to compliment the memory of General John Stark, who died May The town was incorpo8, 1822. rated, Dec. 28, 1832. the soil is rich and productive, yielding good crops of grain and Boundaries. North by Stratford and Odell, east by Dummer and Milan, south by Kilkenney, and west by Northumberland. Area grass. 20,000 acres. Coos Couxty. broken and hilly. surface is In the valleys In the north-east part of the town, the north and south branches of the Ammonoosuc River form a junction. Nash's stream, flowing from Stratford, falls into this river in the north part of the town. Piercey's Pond is in the Rivers. Distances. caster. Railroad. Mill Mountain Stark, also a part of Pilot in Moun- Near Mill Mountain Rail- STEWARTSTOWX. is a singular ledge called the " DeviVs Sliding place." On the south side, it breaks abruptly into a precipice of nearly three hundred feet, while on the north, cattle may be driven to its top. Employments. Agriculture is the principal business of the people. There are several very extensive lumber mills in town, annually producing five or six millions feet of lumber of all kinds. Resources. Agricultural prod- tain. Grand Trunk road passes through the north portion of the town. east part. Mountains. One hundred and miles north from Concord, and ten north-east from Lan- forty-five is Coos County. The surface of Stewartstown is uneven and broken with hills, but the soil is deep and fertile, and produces giod crops of barley, rye, potatoes and hay. Rivers and Ponds. It is well watered by Bishop's Brook. Deadwater and Mohawk Rivers furnish Hall's excellent water power. Stream unites with the Connecticut river, at this place, which passes western border. Great and Little Diamond Ponds, are the along its largest bodies of water. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 338 Employments. Agriculture principal ple, is the employment of the peo- although manufacturing is car- ried on to a considerable extent. 150 tons potato starch are annually made, 6,000 yards of full cloth, yards of flannel and 2,000 yards of tweed, are annually manufactured, 100,000 clapboards, 250, 000 shingles, and 1,940,000 feet of boards, &c, are sawed annually. 7,000 bushels of grain ground, besides other mechanical shops. The total value of goods manufactured, 3,000 is $ 11,665 acres. Distances. By stage Besources. Productions of the $60,638; mechanical labor, §13,300; money at interest, $21, 800; deposits in savings banks, $ 109 stock in trade, $ 9,750. Churches and Schools. Christian soil, ; Church, Rev. George Leach, pastor: Congregational Church, at West Stewartstown, Rev. W. F. Morrill, pastor. There are eleven school districts and ten schools Average length of in town. schools for the year, eighteen weeks. Hotel. Coos House. First Settlements. The original Stewartstown were Sir George Cockburn, Sir George Colman, John Stewart, and John of and cars, one hundred and seventy-six miles north from Concord, and forty north-east from Lancaster. By stage twice a Railroads. week to North Stratford station, nineteen miles, on the Grand Trunk Railroad. STOOD AliD. Cheshire County. face of Stoddard 59,400. grantees west by Canaan, Vermont. Area, 23,040 acres, area improved land, The is hilly, sur- but the soil is deep and fertile, and yields good crops of corn, barley, potatoes and hay. This town is situated on the height of land, between the Connecticut and Merrimack rivers. The location of some houses is on one such, that the rain falling side of the house, falls into the Connecticut, while that falling on the other, runs into the Merri- mack river. Bivers and Ponds. The south branch of Ashuelot River is the principal stream and has its source near the center of the town. Branch River is a considerable stream, and the two rivers afford some excellent water power. Is- The first settlement was commenced prior to the revolution, but, after the war broke out, it was abandoned. During the war of 1812, a block house, or fort, was land Pond, studded with small islands, covers about three hundred acres, and is the largest body of water in town. Long Pond, lying partly in this town and erected for the defence of a com- Washington, is and was occupied was origanlly called Stewart, but was incorpoi'ated under its present name, December of water. Nelson. pany of till militia, 1814. It 24, 1799. Boundaries and Area. North by Pittsburg and Clarksville, east by Dixville, south by Colebrook, and Employments. the principal partly in a beautiful sheet Agriculture is employment of the people, although manufacturing is carried on quite extensively. 30, 000 shingles and 700,000 feet of boards &c, are sawed annually. Glass bottles to the value of % 40, �STRAFFORD. 000 are manufacturer!.* and and 80,000 tubs boxes of clothes pins are annually made. Also nearly 11,000 pounds of maple sugar are manufactured. Granite of a fine quality is wrought to a pails, 17,000 considerable extent. Productions of the Resources. mechanical labor, soil, $46,404; $ 30,600 stocks, and money at interest, § 16,904; deposits in savings ; banks, $38,937; $ stock trade, in 11,865. Churches and Schools. Congre- gational Church, Rev. F. Jones, 339 1803; died July man ers, 9, 1854. He was a powand of untiring energy and of remarkable mental perseverance. A Congregational Church was organized Sept. 4, 1787. Boundaries and Area. North by Washington, east by Windsor and Antrim, south by Nelson, and west by Sullivan, Gilsum and Marlow. Area, 25,925 acres area of im proved land 12,897 acres. Distances. Forty miles southwest from Concord, and fifteen north-east from Keene. ; Railroads. By stage, sixteen pastor. miles, to Peterborough station, tricts the There are nine school disand seven schools in town average length, year, the for eighteen weeks. Stoddard Town LiLibrary. brary, 500 volumes. Central House, and Hotels. Week's Hotel. town and to Colonel Samson Stoddard and others, and received its present name from Colonel Stoddard. It was first settled by John Taggard, Reuben Walton, Alexander Scott, James Mitchell, The privaand others, in 1769. tions and hardships of John Taggard and his family were severe. Their grain was procured at PeFirst This Settlements. was formerly was granted wilderness. At one time, for six days, they had nothing but the flesh of the Moose to subsist on. porated Nov. 4, 1774. Incor- Rev. Abishai dismissed Rev. Isaac Robinson, D. First Ministers. Colton, settled in 1793 ; STRAFFORD. Stkafford County. face of Strafford is The sur- broken and un- and the north-west part mountainous, but the soil is deep and fertile and yields large crops of corn, oats wheat, barley, and even, potatoes. Rivers and Ponds. Bow Pond, the largest body of water in town, lies in the south-west part, is 650 rods long, and 400 wide, and is the source of the principal branch of Isinglass River, which furnishes abundant water power. Wild Goose Pond lies between this town and Pittsfield, and Trout Pond west of the Blue Hills. Mountains. The range of moun- in which have a considerable altitude, known as the "Blue These works are not in operation at the Hills," lies in the north-west part in 1795. D., (Congregational,) settled * Cheshire Railroad, and twelve to Hillsborough Bridge station, on the Contoocook Valley Railroad. When completed, the Greenfield and Forest Line Railroad will pass through this town. called Limerick, terborough, a distance of about twenty miles, and carried by him on his back through the pathless on Monadnock Railroad; fifteen miles to Keene station, on the present time. tains of the town. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 340 Employments » The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in agriculture. Considerable attention is paid to and town. 600,000 shingles and 475, 000 feet of boards &c, are annually produced, and about 35,000 pairs of sale shoes annually made. Resources. Productions of the mechanical labor, soil, $ 123.672; $28,900; 700; $ stocks and 6,975 at in- ; from summer $63,175; $ money stock in trade, $ 4, deposits in savings banks, terest, tourists, 2,000. Churches and There Schools. are four churches in town. will Baptist, Rev. C. C. FreeFoster, pastor; Rev. N. C. Lathrope, Rev. William Rogers, Rev. D. S. Quint, residents. Austin Academy at Centre Strafford, is a fine and prosperous institution for learning. G. C. McClellan is the Principal, School year begins February 27. School Library 50 volumes. First Minister. Rev. "William Sanders, ordained in 1822. Literary Institution. Organization. Strafford originally a part of was Barrington, and was incorporated June 17, 1820, Hotel. Bow Lake House. Boundaries. Bounded northeast by Farmington, south-east by Barrington, south-west by Northwood and Pittsfleld, and northwest by Barnstead. Area, 29,000 acres; improved land, 14,911 acres. Distances. Thirty miles north- from Concord, and fifteen north-west from Dover. Railroads. Ten miles to Rochester station on the Portland and Rochester Railroad. The Concord east when Railroad, town. STRATFORD. the raising of stock, and some very fine horses and cattle are found in this Rochester completed,' will pass through this Coos County. This town ex- tends along the Connecticut River for a distance of ten miles. The interval varies from one quarter, to a mile in width, and is very fertile, producing fine crops of corn, The soil on the upoats and hay. lands is rocky, and more suitable for pasturage than tillage. Streams. Besides the Connecticut, which washes its western border, is Nash's Stream which waters the south-east part, and discharges its waters into the Ammonoosuc and Bog Brook the western part, and runs into the ; Connecticut. Elevations. In the south-east part of the town, are two mountains, of a conical form, called " Stratford or Pearcy Peaks." These peaks are seen as far south as Dalton, nearly thirty miles distant. Employments. Agriculture is the general vocation of the inhab- but there are some manuThere are three lumber mills, annually sawing 1,000,000 feet of boards and dimension timber, valued at $ 12,000; two starch mills producing 65 tons of starch, $ 5,800 clothes pins $ 14,000 meal, $ 8,000 bobbins, $ 4,000 besides blacksmiths, shoe workmen, harness maker, machinist, millinery, &c. Total value of goods, annually manufactured, $ 55,900. Productions of the Resources. "mechanical labor, soil, $ 70,534 itants, factories. ; ; ; ; ; $ 14,600 ; money at interest $ 25, 599; stock in trade, $25,612; deposits in savings banks, from summer tourists, $ $ 235 8,000. �341 STRATHAM. At Stratford Hollow there is one church, a school house, three stores, a hotel, post office, express office and one physician. At North Stratford, there is one church, one school house, five stores, of all three hotels, a post office, express office, and two physicians. one hundred and fifty-seven miles north from Concord. The Grand Trunk Railroad. Railroad passes through this town, on its western border. STR AT HAITI. kinds, Churches and Schools. Methodist, Rev. Leander Moulton, pastor; Baptist, Rev. J. C. Sanborn, pastor. There are nine schools in town average length, for the year, eighteen weeks. ; Hollow StratAt North Stratford, Hotels. Stratford ford House. ; American House, Willard House, and Percy House. Isaac JohnFirst Settlement. son, James Curtis, James Brown, Josiah Lampkins, and Archippus Blodgett commenced the first settlement, some time before the commencement of the war of the revobeing, lution, the population Thonias Burnside, in 1775, 41. of this town, was one" of Rogers Rangers, in the French war. He made a personal application to 1 Governor Wentworth, at Portsmouth, to be appointed a Justice of the Peace, stating to the Governor, that his neighbor (the only in- habitant in town, besides himself,) was not fit to till the office, neither would he give satisfaction to his His plausible argutownsman. ment prevailed, and he was appointed Peace in the this incoi'porated, first town. of Justice Stratford November, 16, was 1779. Boundaries. North by Colum11 or ungrantbia, east by "Odell, ed lands, south by Stark and Northumberland and west by Vermont. Area of improved land, 6,354 acres. Distances. Twenty miles north from Lancaster by railroad, and Rockingham County. surface of Stratham The level, the is is rich and very productive, producing excellent crops. This town is noted for its extensive Connurseries of fruit trees. siderable attention is paid to the raising of all kinds of fruit, and it ranks as the third town in the county in the value of apples produced. The farmers find a ready market, at fair prices, for their surplus productions, at Exeter and Portsmouth. But few farming communities are more prosperous and wealthy than are the farmers of Stratham. Large quantities of peat are found in the swamps. Elevations. Stratham Hill is the principal elevation in town. From its summit an extensive prospect is afforded of the surrounding soil country, including the White Mountains, Great Bay, and the Ocean. Employments. The inhabitants are generally engaged in agriculture. 168, 100 feet of lumber, of all kinds, are annually produced. Productions of the Resources. soil, S 111,608; mechanical labor, $ 2,700 stocks and money at inter; $43,500; deposits in savings banks, $65,850; stock in trade, est, $4,575. Churches and Schools. Congre- gational Church, Rev. A. B. Peabody, pastor; Baptist Church, Rev. M. B. Laning, Christian Church, Baptist Church, ; . pastor; Freewill There aro �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 342 four in schools length, for town; the year, average thirty-two weeks. was granted others, Benjamin to February 12, Population, in 1870, five. Distances. 143 miles north-east from Concord, and 30 east from Lancaster. 1773. First Settlements. The exact time of the settlement of Stratham, is not known, but it contained thirty-five families in 1697, and was incor- porated March 20, 1716, it was formerly a part of Swamscot Patent, or Hilton's Purchase. Rev. Henry First Ministers. Rust, ordained in 1718; died in 1749. Rev. Joseph Adams, settled in 1756 died in 1783. Rev. James Miltemore, settled in 1786; left ; in 1807. North-east by Boundaries. Greenland, east by Greenland and North-Hampton, south by Exeter, and west by Exeter and South Newmarket. Area, 10,120 acres; area of improved land, 7,151 acres. Distances. Forty-three miles south-east from Concord, and three east-north-east from Exeter. Railroad. Concord and Ports- mouth Railroad passes through this It Mackay, and town. This Cheshire County. The soil of town is good, well cultivated, and very productive. The inhab- this itants are intelligent, industrious and prosperous. River and Ponds. Ashuelot River waters the south-east part of the town. Bolster and Chapman's Ponds are the principal bodies of water. There is a reservoir of an area of over one hundred acres, and twelve feet deep, which furnishes some fine water power. There are other good water privileges still unimproved. Employments. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in farming. Keene furnishes a good market for their products. About 600,000 feet of dimension timber is annually There are some small sawed. SUCCESS. Coos County. SULLIVAN. is a cold, rugged township, lying north of the White mountains. In 1870, there were but forty acres of improved land, four horses, seven cattle, and fourteen sheep in town. The soil is hard to cultivate and the only redeeming quality is the lumber, which may some day be brought to market. The south part of the town is mountainous. Rivers. Narmarcungawuck and Live Rivers rise here, and pass westerly into the Androscoggin. Boundaries. North by Cambridge, east by Maine, south by Shelburne and west by Berlin and Milan. Area, 30,000 acres. manufactories, where chair stock, flour buckets, hoops, &c. are pro- duced. (See tables.) Agricultural prodResources. $56,088; mechanical labor, $6,000; money at interest, $32, 144; deposits in savings banks, ucts, $ 46,741 ; stock in trade, $ 5,152. Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. Joseph Fassett, pas- There are five school districts and four schools in this town. Average length of schools, for the tor. year, eighteen weeks. First Town van received Organization. its name from Sulli- Presi- dent Sullivan, the chief Magistrate of New-Hampshire, at the time of its incorporation, (Sept. 27, 1787.) �SUNAPEE. 343 Boundaries. North by Gilsum and Stoddard, east by Stoddard Nelson, and Harrisville, south by Roxbury and Keene, and west by Keene and Gilsum. Area, 15, 666 acres; improved land, 7,514 There are three small ponds having an area of 300 acres. Employments. A majority of the people are engaged in farming, acres. bor, about Forty-six miles Distances. south-west from Concord, and six north-west from Keene. Railroad. Keene station, on Cheshire Railroad. from the railway station, is a fine manufacturing village, and the principal settlement in town. In this village, with a few mills in SUNAPEE. Sullivan County. sur- soil in some when is uneven, the erable and valuable. other sections of the town, are annually manufactured 950 dozen 1,500 dozen fork and hoe handles, 6,000 gross of clothes pins, 10,000 bushels of shoe pegs, 46 tons of starch. Machine shop receipts, properly cultivated, yields excelGranite of the best found in abundance in ue of $ two paster shops produce $6,500, lent crops. quality is various sections of the town. It is quarried, in considerable quantities, to supply the market in this section of the State. Lake, Streams and Ponds. far the largest portion of Lake By Sunapee within the limits of this surface of the lake, contains about 4,100 acres, of which 2,720 acres are in Sunapee. town. At the Hartwo and a half miles hames, The parts rocky, but strong, and, face but the manufactories are consid- lies The At Sunapee Harbor is the outlet of the lake, which is the principal source of Sugar River, which flows inner-soles and stiffeners to the val19,500. Also 1,050,000 shin- and 750,000 feet of boards and dimension timber, 8,000 sides of leather, 7,000 of splits and 2,500 bushels of meal and flour are angles, nually produced. are The Besides, there small manufactories. total value of manufactured other goods, is $ 117,500. There are also, in the village, four or five stores of various kinds, one hotel, two churches, school-house, post-office, and about fifty dwelling houses. At George's mills, there is quite a through the centre of the town. little The Productions of the $56,475; labor, $28,300; money at interest, $ 15,726 deposits in savings banks, $29,989; stock in outlet of the lake is controlled by a stone dam, and regulated by gates, capable of holding or with- drawing ten water on the surface of the lake. It has never been found necessary to test the full feet of capacity of this valuable reser- From the lake, for a distance of nearly two miles, the river has a rapid descent and furnishes voir. some of the finest water power in the State, part of which is utilized with valuable manufactories, but much remains still unimproved. settlement. Resources. soil, ; trade, $ 6,462. Churches and Schools. Methodist, Rev. John H. Hillman, pas- There are two Union ChurchThere are nine schools in town. Average length of schools, for the year, sixteen weeks. " Lake House." Hotel. First Setlleme?its. The town was originally granted by the name of tor. es. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 344 Seville to John Sprague and others, It was incor7, 1768. November porated under the name of Wen- honor of one of the principal proprietors, John Wendell, April, 4, 1781. It was changed to dell, in Sunapee, (the name of the lake and mountain,) in June, 1850. The first came from Rhode settlers Island in 1772. First Church. A Congregational Church was incorporated, June 24, 1819. Rev. A. Woodward was the first minister. Boundaries. North by Springfield, east by New London and Newbury, southerly by Goshen, and west by Newport and Croydon. Area, 15,000 acres improved ; land, 8,627 acres. Distances. Thirty-seven miles north-west from Concord, and six east from Newport. valued at $ 10,300. There are two blacksmiths and one wheelwright shop also one store, a hotel, and ; two churches. MethoChurches and Schools. dist, Rev. Mr. Parker, pastor UniThere are versalist, : . four schools, average length, for the year, twenty weeks. Hotel. at Carpenter House, valued $ 5,000. Productions of the $46,375; mechanical labor, $3,900; stocks and money at interest, $ 12,320 deposits in savings banks, $30,160; stock in trade, Resources. soil, ; $ 6,428. First Settlement, Surry was severed from Gilsum and Westmoreland, and incorporated under its present name, May 9th, 1769. Peter Haywood commenced the first settlement, in 1764. He be- The Sugar River gan clearing and cultivating his Railroad passes through the southern section of the town. land the year previous, making his Railroads. is Keene, At were hostile and lurking through the woods in at the fort, in that time, the Indians SURRY. Cheshire County. home This town the vicinity; but he passed daily small, both in territoi'y and pop- from the fort to his farm, having for his guard his trusty gun and his faithful dog: he acted as mon- but the inhabitants are prosperous and many of them are quite wealthy, for a farming community. The intervals on the Ashuelot River are fertile and very valuable, extending nearly through the town, from north to south. On the east side of the river is an abrupt mountain, of considerable height, upon the top of which is a pond, having an area of three acres, and a depth of about twentyulation, five feet. Employments. The inhabitants are generally engaged in agriculture. About 138,000 shingles and 550,000 feet of boards and dimension timber are annually sawed, itor to give the alarm, whenever the wiley savage dared approach. First Ministers. Rev. David, Darling, (Congregational) ordain- ed in 1779, dismissed in 1783. Rev. Perley Howe, ordained in 1795. Boundaries. North by Walpole and Alstead, east by Gilsum, south by Keene, and west by Westmoreland and Walpole. Area, 12,212 acres; area of improved land, 6,300 acres. Fifty - two miles Distances. south-west from Concord, and six north-west from Keene. �SUTTON. Railroad. By stage three times a week, to Keene railway station. SUTTON". fied with soil in hills many is Agriculture is sur- 5,200 bushels of grain is ground, and valleys. portions of the The town Ponds and Rivers. There are several ponds; the largest is Ke- Pond about church, school house uneven, diversi- being fertile. Considerable interval land may be found along the branches of Warner and Blackwater rivers which produce grass and grain in abundance. zar's tories, stores, and post office. Employments. the principal pursuit of the people, but there is some manufacturing. Merrimack County. The face of Sutton 345 190 rods square and Long Pond which is one mile long and seventy rods wide. The south branch of Warner River enters the town on the south, and the northerly branch passes nearly through the center from north to south, and furnishes good water power. There is some fine interval on this branch. A large branch of Blackwater has its source along the western base of Kearsarge mountain. Mountain. A large portion of Kearsarge Mountain lies in this town. Hundreds visit it in the summer months, and climb to its summit to view the fine and varied scenery, which it affords. King's Hill is situated in the west part. The most elevated part of this hill, rises within a few feet as high as Kearsarge, and affords some delightful and extensive landscape views. Minerals. Granite of an excellent quality is found here. Plumbago is obtained in considerable quantities. At the foot of King's clay of superior quality is found. There are several small villages in different sections of the hill, town, having each some manufac- 60,000 clapboards, 200,000 shingles and laths, and 570,000 feet of boards are annually sawed, valued at $ 9,200. There are also an excelsior mill, blacksmith and shoe shops, carpenters, painters, &c. The total amount of goods of all kinds annually manufactured, is valued at $37,800. Productions of the Resources. soil, $68,532; mechanical labor, $ 12,400; stocks, and money at indeposits in sav$ 26,976 ings banks, $ 37,464 stock in trade, $ 11,275. Churches and Schools. Advent, Rev. Frank Nelson, pastor; Freewill Baptist, Rev. Edwin Smith, pastor; South Sutton, Rev. I. Smith, pastor; Universalist, terest, ; ; . There are fourteen schools average length for the year, seventeen weeks. First Settlement. Sutton was granted by the Masonian proprieIt was called Perrystown, from Obadiah Perry, one of Daniel the original proprietors. Peaslee first settled here in 1767, and was followed by others soon after. The first settlers found sufficient evidence to show that it was once the haunt of the red man. Hearths skillfully laid with stone, gun barrels, stone pestles, mortars, tomahawks, arrow heads &c, were frequently found. On the bank of Kezar's pond, an Indian burial tors in 1749. was also discovered. The town was incorporated, April 13, place 1784. First Minister. Rev. Samuel �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 346 Ambros, (Bap.) ordained in 1782, siderable extent, the facilities for branch of industry being su- dismissed in 1795. Boundaries. North by NewLondon and Wilniot, east by Wilmot and Warner, south by Warner and Bradford, and west by Newbury. Area, 24,300 acres; of this improved land, manufacture, annually, 76,400 yards beaver cloth. * A blanket factory, manufacturing 28,000 yards blanket cloth, a matress factory, 8,673 acres. By and rail- road, thirty miles north from Con- Distances. stage cord. The Concord and Railroad. Claremont Railroad passes through the southern border of the town near Warner. Five miles to Bradford station. SWANZEV. Cheshire County. face of this town is consisting of hills, swells of upland. The sur- diversified, and valleys The soil conabout of three varities, in equal proportions, interval plain and upland. The first named yields excellent crops of grass the plains produce corn, rye and other grains in abundance, and the strong and deep soil of the upland affords good pasturage, orcharding sists ; and woodland. Rivers and Ponds. a good prospect of the enlargements of old, as well as the erection of new manufac- perior, with tories. The Stratton Mills Company making $ 15,000 worth matresses. Also 210,000 packing and candy boxes, 32,400 buckets, 305,000 pails, 39,600 toy pails, and various other small articles, are annually made. Total value of goods, annually manufactured, $ 351,000. Resources. Productions of the soil, $93,081; mechanical labor, $ 88,400 terest, $ ; stocks, 17,750 ; and money at in- deposits in savings banks, $98,038; stock in trade, $ 13,100; from summer tourists, $ 800 professional services, $ 25, ; 000. Churches and Schools. Baptist Church, Rev. E. J. Emery, pastor; Congregational Church, Rev. Charles Willey, pastor; Universalist, Church, There are average thirteen schools in town length, for the year, nineteen weeks value of school houses $ 10, . Ashuelot River, the principal stream, passes through Swanzey in a south-west direction, and empties into the Connecticut at Hinsdale. The South Branch River unites with the Ashuelot about a mile north from the center of the town. Great ; ; 400. Library. School District LibraNo. 9, 450 volumes. ry, in district Hotels. West Swanzey Hotel, and Elm House. principal bodies of water. Pond and Lock's Pond are tho Hypon- first Massachusetts granted Swanzey, in 1733, to First Settlements. eco Brook formerly afforded ex- sixty-four persons. cellent trout fishing. visional line being settled, Employments. Agriculture is a lucrative employment, the excellent soil affording the farmers am- granted by New-Hampshire, July Until its being granted 2, 1753. ple returns for their labor. Manufactures are carried on to a con- by the * The latter State, it state di- was it was called Recently burnt, but will probably be rebuilt. �TAMWOKTH. Lower Ashuelot, from the Indian name Ashaelock. The inhabitants from Indian suffered severely depredations from 1741 to 1747. Several were killed and many were taken prisoners. During this trying period, Massachusetts, un- Swanzey der whose jurisdiction, 347 TAMWORTH. Carroll County. The surface of Tamworth is uneven, and broken with hills and valleys, but the soil is deep and fertile, and suitably adapted to grazing and tillage. Tamworth is undoubtedly one of the best grazing and fruit towns had been for thirteen years, with- drew her tlers were protection, sixth left value of and the setdefenceless, and ex- posed to the fury of the savages. It being necessary to abandon the in the State. town and the its It in ranks as the the county, in agricultural products, first in its pro- fruit But one other town in ductions. many settlement, the inhabitants collect- . the ed together their furniture and household goods, and concealed them in the ground. We can hardly conceive the emotions of pounds of maple sugar as Tamworth. There are many fine farms under a high state of culti- were compelled to leave behind those happy homes; scarcely had they begun their wearisome and perilous jour- The scenery in and around Tamworth is grand, beautiful and romantic and it is fast becoming one of these pioneers as they ney, when the Indians set fire to the houses, and with one exception After a periall were destroyed. county produces as vation. the fashionable resorts for tourists. summer It is estimated that 500 tourists spend a few months, in the warm over weeks or season of the od of three years, the settlers returned, and the arduous task of rebuilding was commenced. First Ministers. Rev. Timo- camp River, which passes through the town in an easterly direction, thy Harrington, (Congregational,) and empties into Ossipee Lake. Rev. Swift River rises in the north-west corner, and meanders through the center, and discharges its waters into those of Bearcamp and Conway River proceeding from Conway Pond, in Albany, passes through the south-east coi'ner of the town, and mingles its waters with those of the Bearcamp River. These are the principal streams and afford some excellent water power which is impx*oved to some extent. Mountains. There are no mountains lying wholly in the limits of this town, but on the northern bor der are the mountains of Albany, and part of Ossipee Mountains are settled in 1741 ; left in 1747. Ezra Carpenter, settled in 1753; Rev. Edward Goddard, settled in 1769 dismissed in 1798. Rev. Clark Brown, dismissed in 1769. ; settled in 1810; dismissed in 1815. Boundaries and Area. North by Keene, east by Marlborough and Troy, south by Richmond, and west by Winchester and Chesterfield. Area, 28,057 acres; improved land, 11,259 acres. Distances. Sixty miles south- west from Concord, and six south from Keene. Railroad. Ashuelot Railroad passes through this town, in a northerly and southerly direction. year, in this pleasant town. Rivers. It is well watered by Bear- ; �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 348 included within southern bor- its Lead ore and argen- Minerals. tiferous galena are found in several localities, in small quantities. There are three small Villages. villages in different sections of the town, with a stores, which destroyed almost all and nearly reduced them to starvation. "But they were like all the early pioneers of Old New-Hampshire, a brave, hardy enterprising people, and amidst all their trouble and discouragement, they firmly resolved not to abandon the settlement. They frequently killed a deer, bear, or some other wild animal and thus they were enabled to sustain themselves and frosts their crops, der. post-office, one or two a school house and some mechanical shops. Agriculture Employments. is employment of the the principal people, although manufacturing is families until carried on quite extensively. 1, permanent 135,000 feet of lumber, of all kinds, is annually sawed $ 32,600 worth of spools, 2,000 dozens of rakes, 300 dozens fork handles, 3,000 sides of leather, and marble work to the value of $ 5,000 are annually produced. The total value of goods, annually manufactured, is ; $81,375. Annual production Resources. of the soil $ 106, 199 labor $ 16,000 ; interest, $ mechanical stocks and money at 15,975; ; deposits in sav- ings banks, $8,553; stock in trade, $ $ 13,057 ; from summer tourists 10,000. Churches and Schools. CongreH. Riddle, pastor Freewill Baptist, Rev. J. S. Run- gational, Rev. S. nals, pastor ; Methodist, . There are nineteen school districts and seventeen schools in town. Average length of schools, for the year, twelve weeks. Hotel Gilman House. First Settlement. Tamworth was granted to John Webster, Jonathan Moulton and others, October 14. 1766. It was first settled by Richard Jackman, Jonathan Choate, David Philbrick and William Eastman, in 1771. The early settlers endured great hardships and privations occasioned by early they could secure relief. The town was incorporated October 14, 1766. First Church. A Congregational Church was organized and Rev. Samuel Hidden ordained as its pastor, September 12, 1792. He was greatly beloved and esteemed by the people of Tamworth and the surrounding towns. He was ordained on a large flat rock, capable of seating fifty people. A witness of this novel ordination says "Early in the morning the people assembled around the rock, men, women, boys and girls, together with dogs and other domestic animals. It was an entire forest about the rock. The scenery was wild. On the north is a high hill, and north of this is Chocorua's lofty peak, which seemingly touches the heavens. On the south, and in all directions are mountains, steep and rugged. I had expected to have heard the howling of the wolf, and the screeching of the owl but instead of these, were heard the melting notes of the robin, and the chirping of the sparrow and other ; birds, that the forest seem Mr. Hidden died 1837, and in the forty- make like Paradise." February 13, sixth year of his ministry. Boundaries. North by Albany, by Madison, south by Ossipee, east * �TEMPLE —THORNTON. and west by Sandwich. Total area, improved land, 15,304 acres. 28,917; north miles Sixty Distances. from Concord, and six north from Ossipee. Great Railroads. Conway Railroad Falls and passes through one corner of the town, but the nearest station is by daily stage to West Ossipee station, four miles, on the Great Falls and Conway Railroad. When completed it is expected that the Meredith and Conway, and Portland and Rutland Railroads will pass through some portion of 349 gational, Rev. S. D. Clark, pastor. There are four schools in town. Average length of schools, for the year, twenty one weeks. "Central House." Hotel. First Temple Organization. was formed from the easterly portion of what was originally It called "Peterborough Slip." was incorpoi'ated, First Ministers. August 26, 1768. Rev. Samuel Webster, (Congregational,) ordained in 1771 died in 1778. Rev. Noah Miles, ordained in 1782; died ; in 1831. North by Greenand Lyndeborough, east by Lyndeboi'ough and Wilton, south by Greenville and New-Ipswich, and west by Sharon and PeterborBoundaries. Tamworth. field TEMPLE. Hillsborough County. The town is uneven, but surface of this is of a good quality, and, properly cultivated, returns fine crops to the husbandman. Mountains and Streams. Temple Mountains extend along the the soil when western and north-western border of the town. From the summit of these mountains an extensive and delightful view of the surrounding From country can be obtained. the highest point of elevation, in a clear atmosphere, over twenty church edifices may be seen by the naked eye. The several streams Area, 13,400 acres. Forty miles southwest from Concord, and twelve ough. Distances. west from Amherst. Mail conve}*ance to Railroad. Wilton railway station; distance, Peterborough and seven miles. Shirley railroad, four miles. THOK.vrOlV. Grafton County. The surface broken and uneven, but the soil is deep and fertile, and, when properly cultivated, produces of Thornton is riv- fine crops of corn, barley, potatoes Wilton, have their rise among these mountains. The inhabitants Employments. are generally engaged in agricul- &c. Along the rivers are some good interval lands. Rivers and Ponds. This town is watered by the Pemigewassett river, which passes in a southerly direction through the town, also, by Mad river, passing through the which flow er, into the Souhegan at ture. About 200.000 feet of lumber are annually sawed. Productions of the Resources. mechanical labor, soil, $71,721; $ 1,700 ; stocks, bonds and money deposits in interest, $7,950; savings banks, $54,519; stock in at trade, $ 1,500. Churches and Schools. Congre- south-easterly corner into Campwhere it joins the Pemige- ton, wassett, and by several other small streams, which afford some good water power. On Mill Brook is a beautiful cascade, the water fall- �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 350 ing off a rock forty-two feet per- Farming is the employment of the peoOver 32,000 pounds of ma- Employments. principal ple. ple sugar annually manufactur- gewassett Valley Railroad pass through this town. will 15,000 clapboards, 90,000 shin- ed. gles is Ten miles by stage Plymouth station on the Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad. When completed, the PemiRailroads. to pendicularly. and 250,000 soil, $ $ 3,600 104,527 ; feet of boards, etc., Belknap County. are sawed. Resources. Productions of the ; mechanical labor, stocks and money at inter- $2,300; deposits in savings banks, $ 3,086 stock in trade, $ 6, est, ; 105; from summer tourists, $8, 000. Churches and Schools. Christian Church, Rev. D. A. Smith, pastor; Freewill Baptist Church, Rev. John Pettengill, pastor. There are eleven schools in town. Average length of schools, for the year, twelve weeks. Grafton House, Union Hotels. House. First Settlements. Thornton was granted to Matthew, James and Andrew Thornton, and others, July 6, 1763. It was first settled by Benjamin Hoit, in 1770. Incorporated November 8, 1781. Rev. ExperiFirst Ministers. ence Esterbrooks, settled 1780, dismissed 1781. Rev. Noah Worcester, D. D., ordained 1787, dismissed 1810. A Congregational Church was organized August 10, 1780. NorthBoundaries and Area. by ungranted lands and east Waterville, south-east by Watersouth by ville and Sandwich, Campton, west by Ellsworth and north-west by Woodstock and Lincoln. Area, 28,490 acres; improved land, 13,462 acres. miles Distances. Fifty-eight north from Concord, and twelve north from Plymouth, Tilton was disannexed from Sanbornton and incorporated into a separate town, in July, 1869. The surface is generally uneven, being diversified with hills and valleys. Some of the hills are quite elevations, but nearly all of them can be cultivated to their summits. The soil, throughout the town, is good, producing excellent crops of corn, oats and hay. River. Winnipiseogee River runs along its eastern and southern limits, and furnishes in its passage some valuable waterpower, a portion of which is improved. Part of Lake Winnisquam lies in the northern section; also Little Bay on the eastern side of the town. Indians. At the head of Little Bay, on the Winnipiseogee, are to be seen the remains of what is supposed to have been an Indian fort. It consisted of six walls one extending along the river and across the point into the bay, and the others in right angles, connected by a circular wall in the rear. When the first settlers came were breast-high, and large oaks were growing within their enclosure. Most of the stones which composed this wall, have been removed to build a dam thrown across the river at here, these walls this place. Numerous Indian rel- have been found within this fort; which shows conclusively ics �351 TILTON. once resided, in this powerful tribe of Indians, of whose former existence all traces will soon be obliterated, by time and the progress of civi- was lization. many there that vicinity, a On the Winnipiseoforms the boundai'j Villages. gee, line where it between this town and North- field, is ton situated the village of Tilcalled " Sanborn- —formerly ton Bridge". This village is on both sides of the river, and is connected by several bridges. Here are three woolen mills, one cotton mill, a saw and a grist mill, two church edifices, two school-houses New-Hampshire (one graded), Conference Seminary and Female College, two banks, twelve or fifteen stores, of various kinds, one hotel, various mechanical shops, two lawyers, five physicians and about one hundred and twentyThe mills five dwelling houses. do the in this village respectively following amount of business, viz. Tilton Mills employ 39 males, 16 females annually produce tweeds ; Win- to the value of $ 175,000. nipiseogee Mills employ 40 males, 80 females ton $ annually produce cotto the value of ; sheeting On 167,000. the Northfield side, Granite Mills employ 26 males, 54 females produce repellents valued ; at $ 210,000. Elm 256. It has a library of 1,183 volumes, and a valuable cabinet especially relating to mineralogy. (See Literary Institutions.) It is a lively business village, and has pleasant residences. With valuable unimproved waterpower, it has every encouragement to double its business and population within the next ten years. It is the center of a large mercantile trade, which is a very important branch of business. At East Tilton, is an excelsior factory, its saw and grist mill, two church school house, store, and edifices, twenty dwelling houses Employments. The vocations of fifteen or the inhabitants are nearly equally divided with farming on the one side, and the various trades on the There are annually proother. duced 6,000 bushels of corn, 27,000 pounds of butter, and 2,500 tons of hay. The annual value of manufactured of goods, all kinds, is $ 445,000. Hesources. tions, $ 69,300 $ trade, $ mechanical labor, 18,675 banks, ings ; and money stocks ; interest, 19,675 ness, $ 42,000 ists, Agricultural produc- $ 108,915 ; ; at deposits in sav- stock in $64,037; professional busi; from summer tour- $3,000. Churches and Schools. Mills employ 7 produce repel- pastor; CongreTheodore Pratt, Rev. gational, The Rev. ^\IarD. D., rector. At East Tilton, Methodist, Rev. J. W. Bean, pastor Freewill Baptist, Rev. Gilman Sanborn, pastor. There are six schools in town; average length, for the year, thirtysix weeks. number of Hampshire Conference Seminary and Female College. males, 14 females lents valued at $ nual pay-roll for ; 66,000. all The an- the mills is The New-Hampshire Conference Seminary and Female $103,600. College is one of the most popular literary institutions in the State. buildings are fine structures, and cost over $ 40,000. It has an endowment of $12,000, and the students, the past year, Episcopal, cellus A. Herrick, ; Literary Institution. New- �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 352 Libraries. Conference Seminary Library, 1,183 volumes; Til ton Social Library. Banks. Citizens National Bank, (See and Iona Savings Bank. 1 tables.) " Dexter House." Hotel. first Area of improved land, 8,612 acres. Distances. Eighteen miles north from Concord, and seven south from Gilford. Boston, Concord Railroads. and Montreal Railroad passes ; banks, $ 59,803 deposits in savings ; stock in trade, $ 27,270. Churches and Schools. Baptist, Rev. Jonathan Herrick, pastor; Congregational, Rev. L. Bingham, pastor. settlement and first ministers, see Sanbornton. Boundaries. North by Sanbornton, east by Belmont, south by Northfield, and west by Franklin. For $ 17,500 terest, There are six schools, average length, for the year, twenty-one weeks. Troy High School, Mrs. L. B. Wright, preceptress. Hotel. Monadnock House. The village in this town is very pleasant, and has a business appearance so common to the small manufacturing villages in Cheshire County. First Town Organization. Troy was taken from Marlborough and Fitzwilliam, and incorporated Jan- along the eastern border of the town. Stations at Tilton and East uary Tilton. installed 23, 1815. First Minister. in 1815, Ezekiel Rich, dismissed in 1818.' TROY. Cheshire County. Troy is a 6mall township and now ranks as a manufacturing town. The surface is uneven, but the soil yields fair crops, when properly cultivated. Manufacturing Employments. is the most prominent business in town, although there are some very good farms well tilled. There is one blanket manufactory, annually producing 60,000 horse blankTubs and ets, valued at $ 112,000. pails are made to the value of $ 40, 000, meal and flour to the value of $ Lumber, $ 4,400 6,000. ; besides, leather boots and shoes, nest box- Boundaries. North by Marlborough, east by Jaffrey, south by Fitzwilliam, and west by Richmond and Swanzey. Area of improved land 5,666 acres. Distances. Fifty-four miles south-west from Concord, and twelve south-east from Keene. Railroad. The Cheshire Railroad passes through nearly the center of the town, in a northerly and southerly direction. I'llFTONBOROCGH. Carroll County. The soil of town is various; the surface in some parts is even, in others more rough. There are some very this es, finely cultivated farms, pleasantly The located near blacksmiths and other trades. total value of goods of all kinds annually manufactured is $245,000. Resources. soil, $31,875; $ 48,300 ; Productions of the mechanical labor, and money at in- stocks, Lake Winnipiseogee. Several arms of the lake reach far into the interior, and from the crest of the hills, present a succession of beautiful views to the spectator, some of which are unsurpassed in �UNITY. Tuftonborough has sum- this region. many natural mer resort. attractions as a The Employments. About inhabitants 18,000 pairs of made in this boots and town, annu- some 350,000 feet of lumber (See tables.) Productions of the Resources. ally ; sawed. is mechanical labor, and money $89,860; soil, $4,500; stocks, bonds, deposits in at interest, $5,350; savings banks, $24,557; stock in from summer tour- trade, $2,350; ists, $ 2,000. Churches and Schools. Advent, W. Piper, pastor 2d Christian, J. Whitney, D. A. Wiggin, pastors; F. Baptist, S. F. Bean, pastor; Methodist, James Cowley, pastor. There are eleven schools T. ; average length, for the year, ten weeks. Hotel. Melvin House. Tuftonborough First Settlers. was originally granted to J. Tufton Mason. The first settlers were Benjamin Bean, Phinehas Graves and Joseph Peavey, in 1780 incorporated in 1795. ; Rev. First Minister. Kellum, (Cong.) in Joseph 1800. pee, south-east by Wolfeborough, Lake Winnipiseogee, and north-west by Moultonborough. by Improved land, 12, 635 acres. Distances. The sur broken, and uneven, but the soil is rich, very productive, and is highly favorable for grazing. Good crops of wheat, corn, barley and potatoes are annually produced. It ranks as the sixth town in the county, in the value of its agricultural products. There are many fine farms under a high state of cultivation. Considerable attention has been given to the raising of neat stock, and some of the finest cattle in the State, can be found in this town. Rivers and Ponds. Little Sugar River, a considerable stream, lias its source in Wortleberry and Beaver Meadow Ponds, in the north part, and passes through the centre and empties into the Connecticut at Charlestown. A branch of Sugar River, flowing through Newport, has its source in Gilman's Pond, in the east part of the town; these streams afford some water power. Wortleberry, Beaver Meadow and Gilman Ponds are the principal bodies of water. Fifty miles east-by- from Concord, and about eight west from Ossipee. t Railroad. Wolfeborough depot, north is Cold Pond lies partly in this town and is the head of Cold River. Mountains. Perry's Mountain, in the south-west part, lying partin ly North-east by Ossi- Boundaries. south-west TT1VITY. Sullivan County. face of Unity are generally employed in the cultivation of the soil, and are industrious, prosperous, and happy. shoes are 353 this town and Charlestown, is in vation. Springs. In the eastern part of town and about three miles from Newport Village, is a strong chalybeate spring, which is becomthe ing celebrated properties. for its medicinal A large hotel is locat- ed here for the accomodation of invalids. seven miles. A stage runs every other day in the winter, in the consists of Gneiss summer, overlaid by strata of daily. partly the principal ele- Minerals. The rock formation and Granite, micaceous, �NEW-nAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 354 hornblende, and chlorite slate. in small quantities, is Near found in various localities. Little Sugar River is a mine of copper and iron pyrites. Near the mine is also found Iolite, a fine, delicate, blue-colored stone, which alis highly valued by jewelers so titanium, valued in the art of Porcelain Painting, and the manmineral teeth, is ufacture of found in considerable quantities. Employments. The inhabitants are principally engaged in agricul- Bog iron ore, ; 1 aral pursuits. of maple sugar, factured. of all Over 28,000 pounds is annually manu- is Productions of the $109,418; mechanical labor, $1,000; stocks and money at interest, $9,360; deposits in savings Sesources. from 39,093; summer 14.437. Distances. Fifty miles west by north from Concord, and nine south from Newport. Railroads. Nearest railroad communication, from center of the town is at Claremont station, on the Concord & Claremont Railroad. When completed, the Forest Line Railroad will pass through Unity. five miles, WAKEFIELD. sawed annually. 6oil, .$ ; ed land, 450,000 feet of lumber, kinds, banks, North by Clareeast by Goshen, south by Lempster and Acworth, and west by Chariestown. Area, 24,447 acres area of improvBoundaries. mont and Newport, Cakkoll County. Wakefield point of wealth, the fourth, and, in mechanical business, the third town in the county, ranks, and toursts, $2,000. The MethoChurches and Schools. Church, Rev. Silas Quimby, pastor; Baptist Church, Methodist Church at West Unity, There are twelve school districts and nine schools in town average length, for the year, nineteen weeks. Hotel. Unity Spring Hotel. Unity was First Settlements. granted to Theodore Atkinson, soil Meshech Weare, in at present is growing rapidly. lies dist ; . thers in ses 1764. Thurston, and forty-five John Ladd, MoCharles Huntoon, Esq., and Joseph Perkins tled here in 1769. first set- The town re- present name on account of a friendly adjustment of a dispute which had existed for a long time, between certain parties in Hampstead and Kingston, each ceived its party claiming the same territory Incorunder different grants. porated July 13, 1764. surface is is uneven, but the generally good, and well There are adapted to grazing. some fine farms highly cultivated, which produce excellent crops of wheat, corn, oats, and hay. Pine River Rivers and Ponds. has its source in a pond of the same name. The principal branch of Piscataqua River takes its rise from East Pond, in the south-east part of the town. Pumice Pond between this town and Effingham, and is 450 rods long and 400 wide. Lovewell's Pond, lying in the south part of the town, is 700 rods long and 275 wide. This pond received its name from Captain John Lovewell, who surprised and destroyed a party of Indians, near its eastern shore, FebThere are several ruary 20, 1725. valuable water privileges, and, along the streams, there is considerable interval, which is well �WALPOLE. and very productive. Employments. A majority of the people are engaged in farming, but manufacturing and mercantile trade are becoming important branches of business. Some 30,000 pairs of boots and shoes are annucultivated, ally made; 11,000 clapboards, 800, 000 shingles, 1,250,000 feet of boards and dimension timber sawed. The manufacturing of sale clothing is becoming quite an extensive business. One firm at Wolfeborough make Junction, per. 000 4,000 pairs of pants month, and several others 1, month. There are pairs per several other small manufactories in town; the whole, including the manufacturing of clothing, makes the annual value of manufactured products $211,400. There are several villages, pleasantly located, each trying to vie with the other, in bus- The number of iness. beauti- ponds in town, together with the fine drives, and delightful views, have caused many summer tourists to spend their summer vacation here, there being over two hundred last season, and the numful ber is increasing every year. Two have been erected, the past year, for the accommodation fine hotels of visitors. Resources. soil, $ 100,605 ; Productions of the mechanical labor, $51,100; stocks and money at in- $ 26,034 deposits in savings banks, $ 49,701 stock in trade, from summer tourists, $ 15,795 $8,000; from professional business &c., $ 30,000. Churches and Schools. Four churches Congregational, Advent, Baptist, and Methodist. Rev. S. Clark is pastor of the Congregational Church. There are eleven terest, ; ; ; 355 town average length, twenty-one weeks; amount of money annually schools in ; for the year, tatal appropriated for school purposes, $ 1,562.52. Union Library, Library. at Un- ion Village. Hotels. Union Hotel, Sanborn House, National House and DaValue of hotel propervis Hotel. ty, $ 30,000. Hotel arrivals, for the year, 8,000. Livery Stables. There are four livery stables, with fifteen horses each. Town Organization. Wakewas originally called " East Town, " and was incorporated August 30, 1774. Mr. Robert MackFirst field born in Scotland, and distinguished for longevity; died here in 1787, at the age of 115 years. First Minister. Rev. Asa Piper, ordained in (Congregational,) 1785 dismissed in 1810. Boundaries. North-west by Ossipee and Effingham, east by Newfield, Maine, south-east by Milton, and south-west by Middleton and Area, of improved Brookfield. lin, ; land, 11,871 acres. Distances. Fifty miles north- from Concord, and ten southeast from Ossipee. Railroads. Portsmouth, Great Falls and Conway Division of the Eastern Railroad, and the Wolfeborough Branch of the Eastern Railroad. There are five Railway Union, stations in town, viz. Wolfeborough Junction, Wakefield, East Wakefield, and North east Wakefield. WALPOLE. ; Cheshire County. Walpole ranks, as an agricultural town, the third in the State in the value of its �NEW- HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. Vo6 The productions. is town face of the beautifully diversified by hills and The vales. soil is deep, and similar to that of other towns on The the Connecticut River. vals are extensive cellent tillage ; and inter- afford ex- while the uplands are inferior to none in the State. Many of the farms are highly cul- and very productive. tivated, River Connecticut Rivers. washes the western border of the town. Cold River passes through north part, affording some water power, and unites with the Connecticut, about one mile south of Bellows Falls. Near these falls is a cragged mountain abruptly the rising 800 feet above the surface of The road from Charlestown to Walpole passes along between this mountain and the falls, and at this point presents a wild and picturesque scenery to the river. On the opposite side of the river, in Vermont, is the thriving village of Bellows Fnlls. At this point four railroads have their termini viz. Rutland, Sullivan, Cheshire and Connecticut the traveler. — T River A alley Railroads. Village. About four miles south Falls, is situated the pleasant village of Walpole, on a main above the river. The and south, and is broad and beautifully shaded with grand old elms and maples. Bordering on either side are the houses, stores, shops and churches. Many and street runs north of the residences are elegant costly, a handsome is neatly laid out and with beautiful shade common furnishes common, ornamented trees. a This delightful promenade for the quiet villagers, or their visitors, on the pleasant summer evenings, just as the sun below the horizon and regolden beams on the western sky, or upon the crest of the towering mountains beyond the Connecticut, the whole presenting a picture far beyond the most settles flects its drapery of human imThe general neatness and quiet which prevail, together with the beautiful scenery of the surrounding country, render this one of the most delightful and splendid agination. New-HampMany summer tourists attractive villages in shire. spend their vacation in this village, and it is becoming quite a summer resort. It is the centre of a large mercantile trade, and many of the stores have a metropolitan appearance. Employments. The inhabitants are generally devoted to agriculture. 38,000 bushels of corn, large and 39,000 wool are annually produced. quantities of tobacco, from Bellows plain, high There and adorned with spa- cious and beautiful yards, carpeted with green grass, and made fragrant by blooming flowers while other dwellings have a rich, antique appearance which are sugpast. gestive of days in the ; lbs. The number of bushels of corn, an- nually raised, exceeds that of any other town in the State by over 13, The manufacturing is considerable. The value of shirts 000 bushels. and collars annually manufactured, is $71,000; 1,100,000 feet of boards, and 220,000 shingles are annually sawed; 30,000 bushels grain, ground, 1,000.000 pill boxes made, besides leather, towel racks, etc., are produced. The total value of manufactured productions, 600. Drewsville is is $ 131, a village of some trade and considerable manufacturing. It is romantically sit- �357 WALPOLE. uated near the falls, and contains a hotel, post-office and church. Agricultural proBesources. mechanical ductions, $254,095; labor, §34,200; stocks, etc., $36, 600; money at interest, $60,620; stock in trade, $25,725 deposits in savings banks, $43,960; from summer tourists, $4,000; professional ; sources, etc., $ 60,000. Churches and Schools. There are Congregational, Rev. W. E. Dickenson, pastor; Unitarian, Christian, Episcopal, and Catholic. There are fourteen school districts, and fifteen schools in town average length, for the year, twenty-two weeks. Amount annually appropriated for school purposes, $ 3,386.64. Walpole has been distinguished for its efforts to promote the interests of education. There is a school fund of $ 1,577.50. The Walpole High School is a popular institution. Mr. C. R. Crowell is the principal. Library. Walpole town library has 1,500 volumes. The town appropriates annually $ 75 for expenses, and, for the purchase of books, $ 100. five churches, viz. ; Hotels. Wentworth House, and at Drewsville, Cold River House. Livery Stable. W. A. Maynard, 14 horses, valued at $ 2,000. First Settlers. granted, by the Walpole was government of New-Hampshire, February 16, 1752, to Colonel Benjamin Bellows and sixty-one others. It was first settled by John Kilburn and his Colonel Bellows settled here in 1757. His descendants are numerous and highly respected. The late Hon. Henry A. Bellows, Chief Justice of NewHampshire, and one of the most estimable men in the State, was a family, in 1749. native of this town. He died suddenly at his residence in Concord, March 11, was Walpole 1873. originally called " Great Falls," or " Bellows years of Town." During the its first settlement, the inhab- were subjected to some of the savage cruelties of the Indians itants and Canadians. The indomitable bravery of Colonel Bellows and John Kilburn, with the men under their command, soon convinced the Indians and their French allies, own personal safety, they had better give Walpole a wide birth, in their vandal excur- that, for their We give sions. a few extracts in relation to the troubles of the first with the savage hordes sent upon them, by men who pretended to respect civilized warTo-day the French nation fare. are reaping their just reward, for settlers which on the of New-England. the cruelties fathers inflicted " An Philip, their fore- first settlers Indian by the name of who had acquired sufficient English to be understood, visited the house of Mr. Kilburn in the town of Walpole, in the spring of 1755, pretending to be on a hunting excursion, and in want of food. treated with kindness, and flints, flour and other things were He was furnished him. After he had been gone a short time, it was ascertained that the same Indian had visited all the settlements on the Connecticut river, about the same time, and with the same plausible Kilburn being somewhat acquainted with Indian stratagem, suspected, (as it afterward proved,) Philip to be a wolf in Soon after, a sheep's clothing. friendly Indian, sent from Albany by Governor Shirley, communica- pretensions. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 358 ted the startling intelligence, that four or five hundred Indians were the assistance and encouragement of their companions, and, at the collected in Canada, whose purpose it was to massacre all the white inhabitants in Connecticut valley. We will leave it for the reader to imagine the terror in the feeble white settlements, when they learned of the impending calamity. To forsake their homes, their crops of grain, and their cattle, would be giving up all for which they had so diligently toiled, and to oppose the savage horde from Canada, was a hope- same time, kept watch upon the movements of the enemy. In But, accustomed to less resort. and dangers of they determined to protect themselves, or die in the the privations frontier life, Kilburn and his men, with cause. their rude implements, strength- ened their position with fortifica- tions, consisting of a palisado of stakes driven into the ground. "At the fort, about a mile south of Ivilburn's house, were about thirty armed men, under command of Col. Benjamin Bellows but he could afford no protection to Kilburn while attending to his cattle ; and crops. "The time of the attack of the Indians, no one could foresee nor prevent, although the inhabitants were daily expecting their appear- ance. August 17, 1755, as Kilburn, young man of eighteen, a man named Peak, and his son, were returning from their work, they discovered their expected and savage foes in an alder his son John, then a swamp. They speedily ran to the house, secured the door, and made preparations for an obstinate resis- There Avere at this time in the house, besides these four men, Kilburn's wife and his daughter tance. Hitty, who contributed greatly to about fifteen minutes the Indians were seen crawling up a bank, east of the house, and one hundred and ninety-seven were counted, as they crossed a footpath, one by one; about the same number remained in ambush near the mouth of Cold river. "The Indians thought it would be best to way-lay and capture Col. Benjamin Bellows and his men, who, they had learned, were at work in a mill about a mile east, before attacking those who had sought shelter in the log house. As Bellows and his men, about thirty, were returning home, each with a bag of meal on his back, their dogs began to bark and show signs of the approach of the enemy. Bellows well knew the intrigue of the Indians, and the language of his dogs. Believing that the Indians intended to form an ambuscade, he acted accordingly. The men were ordered to throw down their meal, advance to the rise, crawl up the bank, give one whoop, and instantly drop into This stratagem the sweet fern. resulted as he had expected. As soon as the Indians heard the whoop, they arose from their ambush, and formed a semi-circle around the path Bellows was to follow. "His men instantly improved the splendid opportunity afforded them for a shot. This so thwarted the plans and expectations of the Indians, that they hastily fled to the bushes, without firing a gun. Bellows, judging them to be too numerous for him. ordered his �WARNER. men to retreat to the fort. the Indians made Soon their appearance on the eminence east of Kilburn's house, and Philip came forward, and sheltering himself behind a tree, summoned those in the house to surrender, offering them quar- Quarter shouted the older Kilburn, with a voice of thunder that rang through every Indian heart, you black rascals, begone, or we ll quarter you.' Philip then returned to his companions, who commenced the war-whoop, after a ter !' ' ; ' 1 few moments consultation. Kilburn was fortunate in obtaining the first fire, before the smoke from the enemy's guns obstructed his aim. An Indian was seen to fall, and Kilburn, judging from his size and appearance, supposed him to be Philip. The Indians kept up 359 velocity. were A number made to of attempts force open the doors but the bullets within compelled them to abandon the rash undertaking. The manner in which the Indians fought evidently evinced that they were not insensible to the effect of Kil burn's bullets. "For the remainder of the day until nearly sundown, the fight was kept up, but as the sun disappeared behind the western hills war-whoop and the sound of the guns died away in the cry of the By silence. this day's encounter, the Indians were induced to return Canada, and thus an effectual check was put to the expedition, and it is reasonable to conclude that hundreds of the settlers were saved from the horrors of an Indian to the work of destruction; some were busily engaged in destroying the hay and grain, and others fell tylassacre". to butchering the cattle, while a in 1763 shower of settled in 1767, died in 1813. bullets continually rat- tled against the house. mated It is esti- that not less than four hun- dred bullets were lodged in the house at the first fire. Kilbnrn and his men were not idle. For convenience in loading, their powder was poured into hats, and they were prepared for a successful resistance or a glorious death. Although they had several guns in the house, they were kept hot by incessant firing; and having no First Ministers. grew When short, the suspended blankets from the roof of the house, to catch the bullets of the enemy, these were run into bullets and loaded by them, and sent back to the Indians with equal Rev. Thomas Fessenden, mont. Area, 24,331 acres. Sixty miles southwest from Concord, and fourteen north-west from Keene. Railroad. Cheshire Railroad passes through this town in a northerly and southerly direction. Distances, WARNER. Merkimack County. their stock of lead women ; Boundaries. North by Charlestown and Langdon, east by Alstead and Surry, south by Surry and Westmoreland, and west by Westminster and Rockingham, Ver- ammunition to waste, special aim was taken to have every bullet count. Rev. Jonathan Leavitt settled in 1761, dismissed Warner one of the most important towns in the county, both in agriculture and manufactures. The surface is broken by hills, but the soil is excellent, producing good crops of wheat, corn, hay, &c. On some is �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 360 located on Warner River, while of the hills are large orchards and is line pastures. tower far above the spires of the village the River and Ponds. This town is watered by Warner River, a pleasant and rapid stream which in Sunapee MounNewbury. From New- takes its rise tains, in bury it passes through Bradford, and enters Warner at the northwest corner, thonce running in a south-easterly direction through the town, separating it in nearly two equal parts, and uniting with the Contoocook River, in Hopkinton. In its passage through Warner, it stream, a receives coming considerable from Sutton. This river produces many good water privileges. There are four ponds, viz. Tom, Bear, Bagley and Pleasant Ponds. Pleasant Pond has no visible outlet or inlet, though its banks are overflowed in the driest season. Its waters are clear, deep, cold and abound with a great variety of fish. Elevations. Kearsarge Moun- hills, on either side, churches. The main street extends along the upper bank of the river for nearly a mile, and is well shaded by the beautiful rock maple. On this street are located the churches, schools, stores, banks, hotel, and many fine dwelling houses. Everything around betokens an air of neatness, thrift and the wealth of its inhabitants. For a few years past, this village, with the surroundings, have attracted the attention of many sum- mer tourists. It is only about five miles to the summit of Kearsarge, which affords some of the finest scenery in New-Hampshire. The Kearsarge Mountain Road Company have constructed a new road from the village nearly to the summit, on the south-east side of the mountain. About one half mile from the summit, is a beautiful site for a Hotel, winch doubt- mostly within the limits of the town. Its sides are covered with deep forests, while its summit is be built ere long. From very fine view of the southern portion of the State, can be obtained. When all these pro- naked rock. jected improvements are finished, Minerals, &c. The rocks in this town are gneiss and mica slate; the latter containing beds of soap of the important points in the State tain, a lofty elevation, is situated and lime stone. The quarry of soap-stone is large and valuable. The gneiss contains finely colored pyrope garnets. There are several peat bogs, one of which contains twenty-two acres, and is twenty- deep. From this bog have been dug, from various depths, plainly showing imprints five feet sticks of beavers' teeth. Summer lage Resorts. Warner Vil- is one of the pleasantest in the central portion of the State. It less will this point a no doubt but Warner for summer will be one tourists to visit. Employments. The inhabitants are principally employed in farming; but manufacturing portant and gi-owing is an im- interest. Warner River affords abundant water-power in its passage through the town. The different manufacturers have bought up the Blaisdell Pond flowage which will give a large increase of staple waterpower. There is one woolen mill, one straw-board mill, whose annual production is $ 75,000. 60,000 �WARNER. clapboards, 650,000 shingles, and 1,375,000 feet of boards are annually sawed; besides there are ex- celsior mills, chair factories, grist mill, tannery, bedsteads, wooden ware, card board, and carriage hub manufactories. A large building has been erected this Summer (1873) for the manufacturing of and shoes. The total of manufactured goods, 361 Ground was broken for the High School building, in May, 1871, and was dedicated the following it December. The first term opened, December 4, under the instruction of Edmund C. cipal, Cole, A. B., as prin- and Miss Helen E. Gilbert, as preceptress. Libraries. Warner Social LiWarner High volumes sale boots brary, 200 value annually produced, is $212,000. (See Tables.) Resources. Productions of the soil, $164,172; mechanical labor, $41,100; stocks, &c, $53,400; money at interest, $35,616; deposits in savings bank, $ 131,225; School Librai'y,150 volumes; and Lemuel Willis' Library, over 400 volumes. Kearsarge National Baulcs. Bank. The Kearsarge Savings Bank has been chartered. (See stock in summer trade, tourists, $ 28,593 $ 3,000 from from ; ; professional business, trade, etc., $ 60,000. Churches and Schools. CongreM. A. Gates, pastor Methodist, Baptist, There are twentytwo school-districts and twentyfour schools. Average length of schools, for the year, sixteen weeks. The late Franklin Simonds, Esq., bequeathed to this town, $ 20,000, for the endowment of a High School. To this endowment, his widow, Mrs. Abigail K. Simonds, subsequently added $5, 000. For the erection of the High School building, she also gave $ 5, 000; Messrs. Gilman A. Bean and gational, Rev. ; ; . Samuel H. Dow, $2,098.52, each, George Jones, C. G. Mc Alpine and John E. Robinson, $ 250, each, Reuben Clough, $20., Leonidas Harriman and John C. Bean, $ 10. each, and William K. Morrill, $ 5. Several of the citizens gave work amounting to $ 73.75, making the whole expense of the building, including the lot, $9,992.04. ; tables.) Hotel. Warner Hotel. First Settlement. Warner was granted by the government of Massachusetts to deacon Thomas Stevens and sixty-two others, in 1735, under the name of Number One, and then New Amesbury. It was afterwards regranted to sixty- two persons, by the Masonian profrom which a controversy arose, which was not finally settled prietors, 1773. The first settlement was commenced in 1762, by David Annis and his son-in-law, Reuben Kimball. It was incorporated until under the present name, September 3, 1774. On Sunday, SeptemTornado. ber 9, 1821, at five o'clock P. M., one of the most terrific tornadoes which ever occured in New-Hampshire, swept through the town, leaving in its track, desolation and death. In this calamity, four houses and seven barns, besides out buildings, were totally demolished; five persons were killed, and ten or fifteen severely wounded. Every tree, bush, stone wall or board fence in its way, was leveled with the ground. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 362 First Ministers. Rev. William Kelly, Congregational, ordained in 1772; dismissed in 1801. heads, gouges, and other have been found there. First Settlers. relics Warren was chai*- North by Sutton, Wilmot, Andover and Salisbury, east by Salisbury and Webster, south by Hopkinton and Henniker, and west by Bradford and Sutton. Area, 31,851 acres; improved land, Joseph Patch, a hunter, built his camp by Hurricane Brook, in 1767, and John Mills, James Aiken, Joshua Copp, and Ephraim True, with their fam- 20,792. These men, Boundaries. Seventeen miles Distances. north of west from Concord. Concord and Clarepasses through this an easterly and westerly Railroad. mont Railroad town, in direction. WARREJV. Grafton County. er, Baker Riv- called by the Indians the As- quamchumauk, flows through this town from north to south. Black Brook, the Mikaseota, Berry, Merrill East Branch, Batchelder and Patch Brooks are considerable Glen streams running into it. ponds, Kelley pond, Wachipaukca or Meader pond and Tarleton lake are situated upon the boundaries. These streams and ponds abound in trout, and more than 50,000 in number are caught yearly. Warren is surrounded by lofty Moosehillock, Indian Moosilauke, on the north, being about 5,000 feet high. They are all heavily wooded and wild mountains. name game is plenty. Many deer, bears, wild cats, sables, minks, and foxes are captured each year. An Indian trail, the Indians. principal route of the Indians from Merrimack valley to Coos and Canada, followed up Black Brook, and captives, in early provincial times, often travelled it. In the valley of Runaway Pond, was once and arrow an Indian village; the tered, July 14, 1763. moved town in 1768. few years got their supplies from Haverhill and Plymouth, bringing them ilies, into for the first twenty miles home through the woods on their backs. Wild beasts annoyed them very much, and on winter nights wolves frequently put their noses against the window pane of John Mills' cabin, and looked in on the family seated by the open fire place. Moose were plenty, and Joseph Patch often had twenty-five barrels of Moose meat in the cellar at once. The took an active part in the revolution. Three of them, first settlers Capt. John Mills, jr. Capt. William Tarleton, and Capt. James Aiken, commanding companies, and in all about eighteen men, in a population of less than one hundred served in the army. Joshua Copp, jr. was this first child born in town, John Marston was the first man married, and John Mills the first who died, he being killed by the fall of a tree in 1779. First Ministers. Rev. Peter Powers preached the first sermon in Warren, but no minister was settled until after 1799, when the Methodists established a church. The principal Employments. employment is agriculture, but about six million feet of lumber are annually manufactured and sent to market. Window shades, bobbins, and potato starch are made, in large quantities. �if ' jjy__ "imi^M. W l = ��WASHINGTON. Summer Tourists. Many famtake summer boarders. The ilies Moosehillock House, kept by D. G. Marsh, accommodating a large number. An excellent turnpike, by Daniel Q. Clement, runs to the Prospect House on Moosehillock, and hundreds of people built visit the summit every season. For many years James Clement has been the landlord there, and from his house is seen one of the grandest mountain views on this side of the American continent. Mines. On Ore hill is the Warren silver mine. Lead, copper and zinc also abound, and gold in small particles is found in all the streams. Church and Schools. Methodist, Rev. Wm, Eakins, pastor. There are eleven schools, of which two are graded. Average length of schools, for the year, fifteen weeks. Railroad Facilities. The B., C. & M. Railroad runs through the town. There are two stations, Warren and Summit. Boundaries. North by Benton and Woodstock, east by Woodstock and Ellsworth, south by Wentworth, and west by Piermont. Distances. Twelve miles from Haverhill, sixty from Concord and ninety from Portsmouth. 363 academy, WASHINGTON. church, school house, post-office, manufactories, grist mill, lumber mills, black- bobbin and rake smith shop, etc. Rivers and Ponds. A branch of Ashuelot River has its source in Ashuelot Pond, also a branch of Contoocook River has its source from several small ponds in the eastern part of the town. These streams afford some very good water power. There are sixteen ponds the largest and most prom; inent of which are Island, Half- moon, Ashuelot, and Brockway's Long Pond lying partly in this town and partly in Stoddard, is the largest body of water. ponds. . deep, moist, and but the fertile, soil is and when properly cultivated, produces fine crops. Clay of superior quality is found, also peat is plenty in the swamps. Villages. Washington Lovewell's Mountains. tain, so called Moun- on account of Cap- tain Lovewell's killing several In- dians near its summit, lies in the southerly part of the town, and is the principal elevation. Farming is the employment of the in- Employments. principal habitants, although manufacturing on quite extensively. dozen men's socks are manufactured, valued at $ 34,500 5,000 is carried 10,000 ; 350,000 hills, man- clapboards, 200,000 shingles, and Sullivan Countt. The surface of Washington is uneven and broken with post-office, hosiery lumber mills, improved turbine water wheel, and several other small shops. At East Washington are two or three stores, ufactory, village is pleasantly located. In this village are several stores, hotel, church, feet of boards &c, are sawed annually 4,000 boxes of clothes pins, and 300 dozen rakes are manufactured. An improved ; turbine water-wheel is made here also there are various other small manufactories. The total value of manufactured goods, annually produced, is $ 85,700. (See tables.) Resources. soil, $57,319; % 25,300 ; Productions of the mechanical labor stocks, and money at �NEW- HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 364 interest, $ 15,958; deposits in sav- banks, ings $ 37,548 ; stock in trade, $12,517; professional busi- ness, $ 15,000. Churches and Schools. Congregational Church, Rev. H. H. Colburn, pastor; at East Washington, Meththe Baptist Church, There are odist Church, Average ten schools in town. length of schools, for the year, sixteen weeks. ; . is Shed Free Library, Library. 600 volumes. Lovel House. "Washington was granted by the Masonian proHotel. Settlement. First prietors to a dense forest of pine, hemlock, maple, and birch and it is one of the best regions for hunting and fishing in the State. In her forests now dwell the bear, deer, and wild-cat, and in her crystal streams, swim the spotted trout. Rivers and Ponds. Swift and Mad rivers are the principal streams. There are two ponda and several elevations. Reuben Kidder, In Scenery. many parts of Esq., Wa- grand and terville the scenery is located here. It is now mostly Tubbs Union Acad- Academy. emy towns of New-Hampshire. sublime. All lovers of natural scenery, in its true primitive state, which man has never defaced, will town hard to be excelled New-Hampshire. Over three hundred summer tourists annually visit here. They find a welcome home at the Greeley House, where every want is supplied, in shape find this in and originally called Camden. It was first settled by the grantee in 1768. Incorporated under its present name, December 13, 1776. First Minister. Rev. George of food for the inner man horses guns, and fishing tackle for the Leslie, (Congregational,) installed sport. in 1780 ; ; Boundaries and Area. North by Goshen, east by Bradford, Hillsborough and Windsor, south by Stoddard, and west by Marlow and Lempster. Area, 30,765 acres area of improved land, 11,964 acres. Thirty-five south-east from Newport. By stage three times Railroad. a week to Hillsborough Bridge station, twelve miles, on the Contoocook Valley Railroad. When completed, the Windsor and Forest Line Railroad, will pass through this town. $ 600 ; from First Settlers. granted mechanical labor, summer tourists, This town was to Josiah Foss, jr., and Moses June 29, " Gillis and Gillis, others, and was known as Foss Grant." It was incorporated July 1, 1829. Boundaries. North by ungranted lands, east by Albany, south by Sandwich, and west by Thornton. Distances. Sixty-eight miles north from Concord, and eighteen north-east from Plymouth. Montreal Railroad, Plymouth, thence by stage. Railroad. at WEABE. Grafton County. Waterville one of the wild mountainous ; 2,870 $6,000. WATERVILLE. is $ tions, 1819, miles west from Concord, and sixteen Distances. Agricultural produc- Resources. died in 1800. Hillsborough County. Weare is one of the most important and �WEARE. 365 wealthy farming towns in the The county. The goods, annually produced, deep, and is strong and generally well culsoil is and suitably adapted to tivated various productions usually grown in the State. It exceeds any town in the county, in the quantity of corn and wheat raised and but one other produces as many apples. The locality of the town is such that the inhabitants are divided into precincts or central points, consequently, there are five post offices, for their mail conveniences. There are the many fine farms under total amount of manufactured is val- There are eight $ 290,300. stores in town. (See tables.) Productions of the Resources. soil, $192,399; mechanical labor, $ 56,850 stocks, and bonds, $ 5, 100 ued at ; money at interest, $16,950; depos- in savings banks, $239,191; stock in trade $41,168; from summer tourists, $ 6,000. There are its but few towns which show such large resources, in proportion to their population. Churches and Schools. There are a high state of cultivation, producing excellent four Baptist, one Universalist, and crops of corn, hay etc. Rivers. The principal stream sixteen schools; average length, for the year, twenty-one weeks; annual amount of money appropri- is two Friends churches. There are the north-west branch of the Piscataquoag River, which meanders through the northerly and easterly section of the town, and affords excellent water power, which is ated for school purposes, $2,716. " Clinton Grove Seminary" is in this town C. H. Jones is the principal. There is one small pub- generally impi oved lic - by mills, of 93. ; Slimmer Tourists. The surface is broken with hills and vales, and in many Library. Collins Hotels. various kinds. sections there is some House, and Deai-born House. First Settlements. The Maso- nian proprietors granted this town about two hundred from various sections of the country, stop here through the Ichabod Robie and others, September 20, 1749. It was originally called Halestown, but was incorporated September 21, 1764, and received its present name in honor of Hon. Meshech Weave. First Minister. Rev. John Clay- warm ford settled in 1802 very fine scenery, which has at- tracted the attention of tourists, who spend their summer in this thriving town. mated vacation It is esti- that tourists, season of the year. Employmcjits. The inhabitants are generally devoted to the cultivation of the soil, but the manu- factures are quite important, and valuable resources, as to the prosThere are the town. one cotton mill, one woolen mill, two shoe manufactories, one organ box manufactory, one furniture manufactory, wheel-wright shop, tannery, grist and saw mills &c. perity of to ; dismissed in 1808. Boundaries. North by Hennikev and Hopkinton, east by Dunbavton and Goffstown, south by New-Boston, and west by Francestown and Deering. Area, 33,648 area of improved land, 23, acres ; 392 acres. Distances. Fifteen miles south- west from Concord, and eighteen north-west from Manchester. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 366 The terminus of the and North Weare Rtiilroads Manchester chair stock, peg mill, grist mill, leather board manufactory, black- Railroad is in this town. There are three stations. There is also a daily milk train riming from North Weare to Boston, and during the summer, Sundays; which offers great inducements for those who wish to follow the milk smith, carpenter, etc. business. trade, WEBSTER. Merrimack County. Webster was taken from the western portion Total value of goods manufactured, is $64,000. Agricultural proResources. mechanical ductions, $101,628; labor, $ 15,200 at interest, and money stocks, ; $ 13,487; deposits in savings banks, $62,766; $ Churches and tian, Edward ChrisCongregational, Buxton, pastor; Schools. ; Rev. stock in 4,800. of Boscawen, and incorporated under its present name, July 3, 1860. The surface is uneven, but the soil is strong and deep, producing Methodist, George Wood, pastor. There are eight schools in town. Average length of schools, for the year, eighteen weeks. For First Settlements. See Bos- excellent crops of corn, wheat and cawen. hay. It is Boundaries. noted for the fine qual- by North Salis- and abundance of its apples. Ponds and Rivers. Long Pond is about two miles in length, and half a mile in width. Blackwater River passes through the whole extent bury, east by Boscawen, south by of the town, in a southerly direc- from Concord. and furnishes some excellent water power. Courser Hill is quite an elevation, but is capable of cultivation to its top, with quite a little settlement on it. There is a church, school-house, store, post-office and about fifteen or twenty dwellings. The views obtained from this hill, are extensive and very fine. Employments. The inhabitants are largely engaged in agriculture, but there is some manufacturing Railroads. Six miles to Boscawen, on the Northern Railroad. ity tion, carried on. 6,439 bushels corn, pounds butpounds cheese, and apples to the value of $ 6,000, are annually produced; 115,000 clapboards, 400,000 shingles and laths, 1,225,000 feet of boards and dimension timber sawed, valued at $24, 200 besides, there are carriage and 2,497 tons hay, 25,475 ter, 10,744 ; Concord and Hopkinton, and west by Warner. Area of improved land, 11,687 acres. Distances. Fourteen miles north WEJITWORTH. Grafton County. The surface is is moderately uneven, but the soil generally good, and that in the is exceedingly producing excellent crops. Rivers and Ponds. Baker's River flows through the town and is vicinity of the rivers fertile, the principal stream. a On this riv- of considerable height, affording splendid water privileges. The south part is watered by the south branch of Baker's River, er, is fall which joins the main branch near Rumney Baker's Pond, sitline. uated partly in Orford and partly in this town, is the largest sheet of water. Pond Brook is the outlet which affords water sufficient �WENTWORTn'S LOCATION several valuable mill sites. Mountains. Part of Carr's Moun- for tain is situated in the easterly part, while a portion of Mount Cuba rises in the westerly section of the town. The Minerals. named last mountain contains inexhaustible quantities of the best limestone. Granite of a fine quality is found at the base of Carr's mountain, also Iron ore is found in various parts of the town. The falls, situated village, near the contains several stores, postand is a thriving and office etc., industrious place. Employments. Most of the in- habitants are engaged in agriculture. The lumber business is carried on quite extensively. 25,000 clapboards, 965,000 shingles, and 5,900,000 feet of boards are ally sawed; also gloves 40,000 cigars annumade, and mittens are man- ufactured in considerable quantiTotal value of manufactured ties. production $ 97,700. Productions of the Resources. $ 83,645 mechanical labor, $ 25,000 stocks, and money at interest, $ 6,070 deposits in savings soil, ; —-WESTMORELAND. 367 North Boundaries and Area. by Warren, east by Rumney, south by Dorchester, and west by Orford. Area, 23,040 acres improved land, ; 10,307 acres. By Distances. railroad, fifteen miles north-west from Plymouth, and about sixty-five miles northnorth-west from Concord. The Boston, ConRalroads. cord and Montreal Railroad passes through the town. WESTWORTH'S LOCATION Coos County. This location is bounded north by Dixville and ungranted lands, east by Maine line and Umbagog Lake, south by Umbagog Lake and Errol and west by Dixville. In 1870, there were 38 inhabitants, 575 acres of improved land, 5 horses, 67 cattle, 28 sheep and 6 swine. The value of agricultural productions was $6,098. The Margallaway River passes through the eastern portion of the In some parts the soil location. is good, producing fair crops of corn, potatoes and hay. VESTmORELAND. ; ; banks, $20,723; $19,755; from stock summer trade, in tourists, $8, 000; professional business, $12,000. Churches and Schools. gational Church, Rev. Congre- David S. There are thirteen school districts in town aver- Hibbard, pastor. ; age length, for the year, twelve weeks. Hotel. " Union House." This town John Page, a few years prior to the Revolution, and incorporated November 1, 1776. First Settlements. was granted First to Minister. Rev. S. Davis, settled in 1833. Increase Cheshire County. Westmore- land is considered one of the best farming towns in the State. The surface is less varied by hills, valleys and mountains, than that of On the the neighboring towns. Connecticut there are some very The soil of fine interval farms. the uplands" is good, and easily cultivated. Streams. The town is well watered by small streams which empty The into the Connecticut. one which rises in Spafford in Chesterfield, affords Lake, some of the best water privileges, in town. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 368 Employments. Agriculture is the principal employment of the inhabitants, ward who receive a rich re- for their labor. No class of people in the State are more prosperous and happy than the farmers of Westmoreland. There are several small manufactories. About 200,000 shingles, and 500,000 feet annually sawed, chair stuff to the value of $14,000 is annually sawed out. (See tables of manufactories.) Resources. Productions of the soil, $148,139; mechanical labor, $12,600; stocks and bonds, $15, 400; money at interst, $66,371; deposits in savings banks, $ 145, boards are of 581; stock in trade $ 17,600 summer tourists, fessional business, Summer ; $4,000; $ from pro- 12,000. Owing Resorts. to its on the beautiful Connecticut, this town is drawing quite a number of tourists to spend their fine situation summer vacation among its hills City people, who wish to retire from the bustle and noise of our great cities for quiet recreation and rest in the country, to breathe its free, fresh air for a and vales. few weeks, will find that Westmoreland will offer as many inducements for truly hospitable country life, as any other town in the county. Churches and Schools. First and second Congregational, Revs. L. Fowler and J. Barber, pastors; Christian, Rev. J. Clafflin, pastor Rev. Joseph Barber, There are thirteen schools in town. Average length, for the was called Greawas incorporated un present name, February 11, afterwards Mfeadow. der its 1752. it It First settled by four fami- lies in 1741. Indians. The Indians several times attacked the early settlers. In one of their visits, William Phips, the first husband of Jemima How, was killed; on another time Jeremiah Phips, father of her first husband, was taken captive and carried into Canada, where he died. First Ministers. Rev. William Goddard, ordained in 1764; dismissed in 1775 Rev. Allen Pratt, ; dismissed in 1827. Boundaries. North by Walpole, east by Surry and Keene, south by Chesterfield, and west by Putney, settled in 1790; Vermont. Area Distances. 22,466 acres. Sixty miles south- west from Concord, and ten west from Keene. Railroad. The Cheshire Railroad passes through the north-east portion of the town, where there is a station. WHITEFIELD. Coos County. No town in the county has made more rapid progress, for the past four years, in business, wealth and population, than Whitefield. The surface is uneven, and broken by hills, but the soil is good, producing excellent crops of corn, oats, barley, potatoes and hay. Some of the best farms in the county are here. agricultural products, to each acre of improved land in town, are valued at $ 13.80; the average in the county is $ 10.77. Ponds and River. Blake's, Long, Round, and Little River Ponds, Unitarian hill pastor. The year, sixteen weeks. Hotel. First was Valley Hotel. Settlers. Westmoreland granted by Massachusetts under the name of Number Two; first are the principal bodies of water. �WHITEFIELD John's River has its rise in Jefferson and Carroll and passes through this town in a westerly direction, thence west through Dalton, and discharges its waters into the Connecticut. In its passage, it furnishes some good water power. L. 369 & W. planing, G. Brown & Co., lumber, matching and grooving, situated $370,000; Messrs. Brown & Co. have the largest lumber establishment in the State. Their mill has two roofs, but the buildings are all open, and connected it is about 250 feet long, and 160 feet wide. on John's River, and on the line of the White Mountain Extension of the Montreal Railroad. It is growing quite rapidly, and is the Their motive power is three locomotives of 200-horse power, and one water wheel with 140-horse power. When there is sufficient Village. seat of The village is business. considerable There are two church large graded one with edifices, school-house, three departments, two grist-mills, two lumber mills, one sash and blind shop, one pail mill, wool carding and planing mill, printing office, ten or twelve stores, of all kinds, one good hotel, one lawyer, three physicians, about 125 dwelling houses, and 700 inhabitants. There are some nice private resiand, twenty-five years dences, hence, many of the streets will be The views, beautifully shaded. from this village, of the mountains in Carroll and Jefferson, are very fine: The Employments. ; water, this wheel will carry nearly all of the The machinery in the mill. railroad passes along by the side of the mill, where the lumber loaded on to the cars to be transported to Boston, or to other secis and to their lumber sheds, which are three in number, and each 150 feet in tions of the country, length. In and around the mill, they employ about 120 hands. There are two large circular saws, for sawing boards and timber, one gate saw for sawing long timber three shingle machines, two power edgers, one large planer for matching and grooving, three small planers, ; inhabitants one Daniels are largely engaged in lumber business, although farming is an important branch. Three potato large timber, starch mills annually manufacture starch to the value of $ 19,400 one job print'ng office, $1,000; Snow & Pillsbury, doors, sash and blinds, $10,000; Libbey & White, wool carding, $2,000; Smith & Walker, grist-mill, flour and meal, $ 20,300 A. L. & W. G.Brown & Co., meal, $ 6,000 Quimby & AUard, lumber, G. W. & N. W. Libbey, $ 12,000 lumber, $ 16,000 L. D. & L. T. Hazen, lumber, $ 25,000 Burns & Brooks, lumber, $ 35,000 Charles Libbey & Co., lumber, $ 50,000 A. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 1 planer for dressing two saws for cutting off logs, two trimming saws for trimming boards and planks, and two slab saws. This mill is now (1873,) daily sawing 40,000 feet of long timber, 14,000 shingles, 1,000 clapboards, 35,000 laths, and planing and matching 10,000 feet of long timber, making the annual production 12,000,000 feet long timber 4,200,000 shingles, 300,000 clapboards, and 10,500,000 laths; the whole being valued at $350, ; They also annually cut and masts and spars to the value of $ 20,000. The labor is all done on a systematic plan, and everything 000. sell �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 370 connected with the mill, from the rolling of the logs into the pond, to the loading the lumber on the cars moves like clock work. Every man knows for his its final destination, place and duty, responsible for and doing is his held part of the work when offered to him, and delivering it to the next man, when required. The two men who have charge of the two large circular saws, and wield their cant-hooks as skilfully as the marriner moves his tiller, which safely guides his bark along our rock bound coast, are the pendulums which move the work of the whole mill. If they neglect to do a good day's work, every man in the establishment falls short accordingly. Messrs. Browns fully appreciate the services of such men, and, doubtless, no men in NewHampshire, for doing rough and heavy work, receive larger pay, and no men more richly deserve it. In order to keep the machinery of this establishment constantly in repair, there is, connected with it, a wood shop, machine shop and blacksmith shop. To guard against fire, there is a large force pump, one of the No. 1 Amoskeag steam fire engines, and 1,500 feet of hose. The timber fields which feed their establishment, are situated principally in the towns of Carroll and Jefferson, in one unbroken lot and contain 26,000 acres. They have a railroad extending from their mill into their lumber lands, eleven miles. The rolling stock of this road is two first class engines and thirty-two cars, made expressly for their business. Besides the help of their railroad, in the winter they employ two hundred men, forty pairs of oxen, and ten spans of horses. They have a grist-miil to grind their meal, and have now on hand over 7,000 bushels of corn. The timber on their lot is about one third pine, and the larger portion of the remainder spruce. is It will require years forty to clear about this lot once over, at their present rate of doing business. At their mills, lumber lots, building railand erecting dwellings for their emploj'ees, they employ, on an average, about two hundred and fifty men, who annually receive for their labor § 131,000. The capin the roads, invested in their business, including lumber lots, is about ital $ 300,000. The total amount of long timber annually sawed in town is 19,900, 000 feet. The value of this timber, together with the planing, matching and grooving, clapboards, shingles and laths, is $472,500. town (including the tures in the lumber The manufac- total capital invested in business) $440,000; is number of hands employed, 325; annual pay roll, $ 171,350, with an annual value of manufactured production of $ 554,000. Agricultural Resources. ductions, •$ 102 750 labor, § 171,350; $ est, 17,250 banks, $ 750 ; ; money deposits pro- mechanical at inter- in savings stock in trade, $ 49, from summer tourists, S 4,000; professional business $ 30,000. Churches and Schools. Methodist, Rev. William C. Tanson, Freewill Baptist, Rev. G. pastor H. Pinkham, pastor. There are 850 ; ; ; ten schools in town, two of which are graded; average length, for the year, sixteen weeks. Whitefield Library Library. Association, 400 volumes. �WILMOT. Hotels. Whitefield House, and The latter is kept Dodge House. open only in the Summer. First Settlements. The first set- tlement was commenced here ahout 1774, by Major Burns and The town was December 1, 1804. others. ated incorpor- 371 Springfield, and affords many good water privileges in AVilmot. Mountain. The summit of Kearsarge Mountain forms the southern boundary. The Winslow House, on this mountain, and the most popular summer hotel in New-Hampshire, central is located in this town. North by Lancaster, east by Jefferson and Carroll, south by Carroll and Bethlehem, and west by Dalton and Lancaster. Area, 20,800 acres area of improv- Minerals. Felspar, of an excel- lent quality, and which has been ed land, 7,450 acres. beryls and crystals of mica. Distances. One hundred and twenty-five miles north from Con- is . Boundaries. ; and twelve south-east from Lancaster. Besides the MonRailroads. which passes treal Extension, through the town, it is expected the Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad, when completed, will also pass through. cord, wiohot. Merrimack County. This town is composed of hills and valleys and presents a rough surface. The pasturage is suitable The Ullage land is rocky, but, when properly cultivated, produces fair crops. The Fourth New-Hampshire Turnpike, for sheep. from Concord to Hanover, passed through this town, and before the days of railroads, was the great thoroughfare for travel, from the Connecticut River, through Concord, to Boston. But the times of the rattling stage coaches and the dull click of six and eight horse baggage wagons, as they moved through Wilmot, are far in the past, and stories of those days are as a romance to the youth of to-day. The Blackwater River Rivers. has its sources in this town and successfully used in the manufac- ture of teeth, found hero, also is At Wilmot Flat there quite a business and pleasant Village. There is a post office, one church edifice, a large school house, two stores, a large tannery one hosiery manufactory, lumber mills, tailor, carpenter, blacksmith shops, etc., besides some fifty dwelvillage. ling houses. Farming is the employment of the in- Employments. principal habitants, although the manufac- considerable and valuaThe value of woolen hose ble. and other woolen goods, annually turing is made, is over $30,000; leather tanned, $ 40,000 100,000 shingles, and 1,500,000 boards and dimension timber sawed, besides various other small shops. The value of goods, of all kinds, annually man; mactured, is about $96,300. (See tables.) Resources. Agricultural produc- tions, $97,278; $ 15, 450; 100 ; money deposits mechanical labor, at interest, $ 15, in banks, savings $ 36.970; stock in trade, $ 13,125. Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. C. B. Tracy, pastor; Methodist, Elder C. E. Trussell, pastor; Union, Freewill Baptist. Rev. J. A. Knowles, pastor. There are fifteen schools ; �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 372 in town, two of which are graded. Average length of schools for the East year, eleven weeks. large manufacturing village. Hotel. First Winslow House. Settlement. This town was originally called Kearsarge, and was granted to Joseph Minot, Matthew Thornton and others, in 1775. received its present name from Dr. Wilmot, an Englishman, who, at one time, was considered a popular author. It was incorporated It June 18, 1807. Boundaries. North-east by Dan- by Andover, Warner and Sutton, south-west by New-London, and Area north-west by Springfield. of improved land, 15,775 acres. bury and south by Hill, east Thirty miles north- Distances. grown Wilton, where there has up, within a few years, a Here are three woolen manufactories, large tannery, fancy boxes, and portable desk factory, furniture shop, boot and shoe factory, large lumber and grist mill, besides shops for the manufacture of wooden ware and toys, custom boots and shoes, clothing &c. For the past three years, East Wilton has met with several financial reverses, caused by flood, and mis- fire, management in some of its manufactories. About three years ago, a flood on the Souhegan carried away a mill, valued at $40,000; a year later, the Wilton Manufacturing Co. lost their mill by fire and the Newell Manufacturing Co., are not in operation at pres- west from Concord. Railroad. The Northern Railroad passes through the eastern corner of the town. It is two and ent, (August 1873). New mills are being erected on the site of those one-half miles to Potter Place sta- burnt, the financial affairs of the tion, in Andover. other mill are being adjusted, and before another year, the manufacturing facilities of this village, WILTON. Hillsborough County. surface is The generally uneven, but not mountainous. The soil is strong and of an excellent quality, producing fine crops of grain and hay. The Hillsborough county farm is located here, which proves that the town contains soil of a superior grade. Clay of a good quality is found in abundance. River and Village. Souhegan is the principal river. Its main be far ahead of what they were prior to the flood and fire. With these explanations, we shall give the manufactories of Wilton as they were rendered in the census of 1870 and no doubt within one year from date, their manufacwill ; tured productions will exceed that of 1870 by more than S 100,000. There are in this village from fifteen to twenty stores of hotels, a bank, all kinds, two two churches, large branch enters Wilton near the school house, post south-west corner, and flows in and express a north-east course, till it forms a junction with several streams running from Temple and Lyndeborough. Thence it flows through the north part, and furnishes some valuable water power at two dentists, and about one hundred and fifty dwelling houses. At West Wilton, there are two stores, one hotel, school house, post office, knob factory and a number of dwelling houses. office, office, three physicians, telegraph one lawyer, �WILTON. The business is Employments. nearly equally divided between agriculture and manufacturing. With the exception of Bedford, the milk exceeds that of any sale of town being over 200, A milk car starts from this town for Boston, every morning, under the management of D. Whiting and Sons. The manufactories of various kinds, annually produce goods, as follows Newell Manufacturing Co., 300,000 pounds woolen yarn for carpets, valued at $ 150,000 Wilton Manufacturing Co.; 486,500 pounds, $232,700; Robert Dawson, carpets, in the State, 000 gallons annually. : ; $ 189,600 yards, 80,000. Wilton al- so annually produces 27,000 bush- meal and flour, $ 35,000 carts, and wagons, $ 5,200 els ; toys, ; furni- 8 50,000 A. J. Putnam & Co., upper leather and splits, $ 35,000 125,000 shingles and 1,100,000, feet ture, ; American Silex cheese factory, sale boots and shoes, $2,500; $25,000; besides blacksmiths, tin ware, coopering, tailors, milliners, boards, $23,300; $25,000; Co., carpenters, masons, painters, and other kinds of trade. The capital invested in manufactories is $319, employing 178 males, and and annually producing goods to the value of $ 695,300. 500; 116 females, Resources. tions, $ Agricultural produc- 132,392; mechanical labor, $112,760; stocks and money at interest^ 20,750 deposits in savings banks, $ 154,960 stock in trade, ; ; $ 52,750 professional ; $75,000; from summer business, tourists, This town has become quite popular as a summer resort for tourists. The Whiting House, one of the largest hotels in the $ 15,000. State, was built largely for the 373 purpose of summer keeping boarders. Baptist, Churches and Schools. Rev. S. C. Fletcher, pastor; Congregational, Rev. D. F. Adams, pastor; Unitarian, Rev. I. S. Lincoln, A. M. Pendleton, pastors. There are thirteen schools in town, four of which are graded average length, for the year, twenty-four weeks total value of school housannual amount apes, $ 10,505 ; ; ; propriated school for purposes, $3,117.39. Wilton Public Libravolumes. Wilton Savings Bank. Bank. Library. ry, 1,200 (See tables.) Hotels. road House House. Whiting House, Railat West Wilton, Fry ; First Settlement, The first set- tlement was made as early as 1738, by three families from Danvers, Mass. two by the name of Putnam, and one by the name Hannah, the daughof Dale. ter of Ephraim Putnam, was the Septemfirst child born in town. ber 7, 1773, while the people were attempting to raise their second church edifice, the frame fell, and : men were instantly killed; two died of their wounds soon afterward, and a number of others were badly injured. July 20, 1804, the same building was consideraIn bly shattered by lightning. Samuel Abbott 1815, Ezra and three erected the first potato starch mill here, and the first ever built in the State. Their first town Fair or was holden about was something new, and Cattle Show, 1826. It was well represented by people from all Among as the adjoining towns. the visitors were such men Hon. C. G. Atherton, Gov. Ben- �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 374 jarnin Pierce, and other President dignitaries. Pierce, The town June 25, 1762, and derived its name from Wilton, a manufacturing district in Eng- Avas incorporated, land. First Ministers. The first church organization was effected, and the Rev. Jonathan Livermore was ordained, as its pastor, in 1763. He was dismissed in 1777, and died in Rev. Abel Fisk settled in Rev. Thomas Beede settled in 1803 dismissed in 1809. 1778; died in 1802. ; Boundaries. North by Lyndeborough, east by Lyndeborough and Milford, south by Mason, and west by Temple. Area, 15,2S0 acres area of improved land, 10,391 acres. Distances. Forty miles southwest from Concord, nine south- west from Amherst, and fifteen miles from Nashua. Railroads. The Wilton Railroad extends from Nashua to this town. This season, (1873) a railroad is being built from this road to Greenfield, and thence being extended to Peterborough to form a junction with the Monadnock Railroad. These extensions will open railroad communications with the southwestern section of the State. WINCHESTER. Cheshire County. Winchester ranks in population, wealth, and in the value of manufactured productions, as the second town in the The surface is various. In the southern part it is quite level, while other portions are more uneven. On either side of the intervals, Ashuelot are broad which are very fertile, producing grass in abundance. The soil on the uplands is generally good, when til- Ponds and Rivers. Humphrey's Pond, in the north-east part of the town, is 300 rods long and 80 rods wide, and the largest body of water. The Ashuelot River passes through the town, in a south-westerly direction. In its passage, it furnishes very extensive water power, much of it being improved. It receives the waters of Muddy and Broad brooks, and several smaller streams. Villages. 1829. county. yeilding excellent crops, led properly. There are two vilon the Ashue- lages, both situated doing considerable business, lot, Ashuelot and Winchester. is the smallest, but is extensively engaged in manufacturviz. Ashuelot ing. There are two stores, school and about dwelling houses. Winchester Village is very pleasant, with wide, shaded streets and many fine dwelling houses. There are three churches, one large graded school house, two banks, lawyers, physician and dentist offices, and over one hundred dwelling houses, Employments. The inhabitants are nearly equally divided behouse, post office, hotel, fifty tween manufacturing and agriculIt ranks in its agricultural productions as the fifth town in the county. There are three woolen manufactories, winch annually manufacture 278,000 yards Union Beaver and other woolen cloths valued at §368,800; 43,000 grey horse blankets, §118,000; six ture. lumber mills, manufacturing boards, staves, shingles and trun- valued at §72,600; one tantwo fancy box § 75,000 mills, § 28,000 one box mill, § 10, 000 grist mill, § 14,000 bedsteads, nels, nery, ; ; ; ; §6,000; carriages, §5,000; machine �WINDHAM. besides blacksmith shop, §4,000; and shoe shops, harnesses, photographers, tailors, carpenters, sons, and a few other The 397,000, of all kinds is employing 252 males and who annually receive for their labor, §158,000. and annually manufactured produce goods to the value of $741,400. There are two lawyers, five physicians, one dentist, and various oth105 females, er professions. Resources. soil, $ §5 136,784; name the Productions of the mechanical labor, and money at in- 158.000; stocks July of Arlington. 2, was granted by NewHampshire to Josiah Willard, who 1753, it settled here in 1732. trades. Capital invested in total manufactories $ ma- 375 In 1746, the town was sacked by the Indians, and the church edifice was burned, with all the private residences, and the inhabitants were obliged to seek safety in older and moie They did not secure settlements. return to resume the settlement In the sumfor nearly five years. mer of 1756, Josiah Foster and his family were taken prisoners by the Indians, Efforts to. were made at one time Dartmouth College in locate §84,598; deposits in savbanks. §65,135; stock in trade, §81,142; professional busi- this ings town, but the project was abandoned, owing to the powerful opposition made by Josiah Wil- ness, §42,000. lard, the principal landholder. Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. Elijah Harmon, pastor; Methodist, Rev. Anson C. Coult, pastor; Universalist, Rev. Ashley, Congregational, ordained in 1736, dismissed in 1747; Rev. Micah Lawrence, ordained in 1764, terest, Mr. Foster, pastor; Catholic, There are twenty-three schools, three of which are graded. Average length of schools, for . the year, eighteen weeks. Num- — ber of scholars girls, 301; boys, Total value of school houses, § 18,300. Total amount annually appropriated for school purposes, There is a public high § 3.338.65. school, having two terms a year. The town appropriates § 1,000 annually for this purpose. Washington Library Library. Association, 1,200 volumes. Banks. Winchester National Bank, and the Ashuelot Savings Bank. (See tables.) 290. Winchester House and Ashuelot House. Winchester First Settlements. was originally granted by the Government of Massachusetts under First Ministers. . Rev. Joseph dismissed in 1777; Rev. Ezra Conant, settled in 1788, dismissed in 1806. North by Chester* and Swanzey, east by Swanzey and Richmond, south by Warwick, Massachusetts, and west by Boundaries. field Area, Hinsdale. Area of improved 33,534 acres. land, 13,964 acres. Distances. Sixty-five miles south-west from Concord, and thirteen south-west from Keene. Railroad. The Ashuelot Railroad passes through the town, in a south-westerly and north-easterly direction, giving it good railroad facilities. WIJiBHAM. Hotels. Rockingham County. The soil generally good, yielding fair crops of corn, oats and hay. Rivers and Ponds. Beaver River is �NEAY-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 376 is the principal stream, there is and Golden Cabot's, Policy, Mitchel's ponds are the principal collections of water. The larger porEmployments. tion of the people are engaged in The value of shoes annually manufactured is $35,000. There is a small woolen mill in town, and 1,500,000 feet of lumber are sawed, annually. Annual productions Resources. of the soil, §65,619; from mechanagriculture. ical labor, ings $ 10,300 banks, hand or deposits in sav- ; $31,422; money on $ 19,060; stock $ 14,012. Churches and Schools. The Presbyterian Church, formed in 1747, is the only one ever organized in town. The church edifice is valued at $ 10,000. There are seven at interest, in trade, Average schools. schools, for the length year, of twenty Libraries. The Nesmith Libra- was established in 1871, and now Has 1,835 volumes. Sunday School Library has 300 volumes. First was Hillsborouh County. sor Wind- a small township of less than is 100 inhabitants. The surface is varied with hills and vales. The soil is deep, strong and well adapted to grain, grass, &c. P<yid and Streams. Black Pond is the principal collection of water There are no streams of any note. Employment. Farming is the in town. principal habitants, employment of the who in- are as prosperous and happy as any farming community in the State. Agricultural Resources. uct, $15,304; $ 5,588 money mechanical labor, $ ; prod- at interest, 1,000 deposits in savings banks, $3,837; stock in trade, $ 450. There School. school in this is one public town. Average length of school, for the year, sixteen weeks. Organization. Windsor originally called " Campbell's First weeks. ry WINDSOR. upon which meadow land. considerable Settlements. Windham originally a part of derry, from which it London- was severed, and incorporated in 1739. Boundaries. North by Londonderry, east by Salem, south by Pelham, and west by Hudson and LonArea, 15,744 acres. Thirty-three miles south from Concord, and twenty south-west from Exeter. donderry. Distatices. Railroads. Manchester was Gore," and was incorporated under present name, Dec. 27, 1798. Boundaries. North-east and east by Hillsborough, south by Antrim, west by Stoddard, and north-west by Washington. Area its of improved land, 2,604 acres. Distances. Railroad. and WOLFEBOSiODGil. Lawrence Railroad depot is 2£ miles from the center of the town-; The Nashua and Rochester Railroad, now being built, passes through the town also the Nashua and Plaistow, if built. ; Thirty miles south- west from Concord, and twentyseven north-west from Amherst. Railroad. Six miles by stage to Hillsborough Bridge railway station, on the Contoocook Valley Carroll County. rough is the largest and Wolfebomost im- portant town in Carroll county, both in wealth and population. It ranks in wealth, as the twentieth, — �WOLFEBOROUGH. and 377 Village. Wolfeborough village pleasantly situated on two beautiful slopes of land, rising gently in population, as the twentyeighth town in the State. It is pleasantly situated on the south- is ern part of Lake Winnipiseogee, which touches its south-western border, while the lofty mountains from the lake. Between these slopes, and nearly in the centre of the village, Smith's River passes of Ossipee, and the rugged hills of Tuftonborough appear to form, in into the lake. the rear, walls of a gigantic for- whole presenting a view of sublime and picturesque sceneThe town is six miles square, ry. tress, the and nearly one third of its surface is is covered with water. somewhat hard The to cultivate, soil but strong and very productive. The farmers find a ready market for nearly ucts, all of their surplus prod- own town, at good Much attention has been in their prices, The river connects the principal hotels in the State. It is elegant- fully entitled to the is and summer boarding houses in don House was the village. is the Lake at Wolfeborough Bridge. this river, from In the passage of the pond to the lake, within a dis- tance of one half mile, may be found some of the best water power in the State, which is sufficient machinery which could be placed between the pond and the lake. At South "Wolfeborough is another good power, the source of which is Rust Pond. Nearly all this power is improved by the Wolfeborough Woolen Manufacturing Company. There to propel are a which all of the number of smaller streams afford power for lumber and shingle mills. and rank of a open only ly furnished, well conducted, through the Summer. Smith's, in On this street are located nearly all of the churches, school houses, the academy, banks, hotels, fifteen or twenty stores, of all kinds, and many dwelling houses. The Pavilion is one of the largest first-class and Streams. street river. ing garden produce, for the hotels Ponds span- the village on either side of the given, for a few years past, to rais- Crooked, Rust, Beach, Barton's, and Sargent's Ponds, are the principal bodies of water. Smith's Pond is six miles in length and is the source of Smith's River, which flows through Crooked Pond into is ned 'by a substantial bridge about twenty-five feet in length, which hotel. It is The Glen- built in 1873, and also a first-class hotel, finely lo- cated, having commanding views of the lake and mountain scenery; has all the modern improvements, and for architectural beauty, neat- ness, and accommodation, it is equal to the best in the country, and is kept open throughout the year. The Belvue House is a fine ho- and beautifully situated on the shores of the lake. The Lake HoThere tel is the oldest in town. are some twenty boarding houses, for the purpose of accommodating tel, summer tourists, who beautiful village in the visit this warm sea- son of the year. Mill Village, about one half mile from the lake, has considerable manufacturing, three stores, one church, and the best school house in the county. At South Wolfeborough is located the Wolfeborough Woolen Manufacturing Company, several �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 378 stores one church, a school-house, and a number of dwellings, Summer The Resorts. pleas- ant location on the lake, the many fine views of natural scenery, the excellent roads, and the extensive provisions made for the accommodation of travelers, together with the varied recreations amid mountain, lake, and country scenery, have caused Wolfeborough to be one of the most important points for summer New-Hampshire. tourists, in Those seeking health or pleasure, will find this town one of the most healthful and delightful resorts in the country. The evening excursions on the lake, by Steamboats, are delightful, and the views obtained from the deck(especially by moonlight) of the glistening waters , the islands, shores, and distant mountains, through the shades of a summer evening, are grand, and not soon forgotten by the beholder. Six miles east of the village Copple Crown Mountain, 2, is 100 feet From its summit an extenview of the surrounding coun- brings you to two mineral springs, the waters of which contain medicinal properties. These springs are visited by all classes. carriages, boats Horses, and attendants can always be obtained at the hotels. Wolfeborough can be reached from Boston by three public routes, viz. direct, byrail, over the Eastern Railroad by cars on the Boston & Maine Railroad to Dover, thence over the Cocheco to Alton Bay, thence (in warm weather) by Steamboats, ten miles, to Wolfeborough or over the Boston and Lowell, Lowell and Nashua, Nashua and Concord, and Concord and Montreal Railroads to the Weirs; thence, by boat on the lake, twenty miles, to Wolfeborough. At the ; ; present day, visitoi's Hampshire never make to New- their tour complete, without they spend a in this pleasant lake town. The estimated number of tourists who spent their vacation here, or made a brief visit last year, (1873) was ten thousand. Employments. The people are few days try can be obtained. engaged in agriculture, manufacturing, trade, hotel and boarding house keeping. The manufactur- clear day, ing high. sive Here, in a spread before the eye of the beholder, the Ocean, Mt. is Washington, the Winnipiseogee and its islands, numerous ponds, forests, and cultivated fields, all affording a grand panoramic view of nature and all its varied fornix. To " business is very important. The value of woolen blankets annually manufactured, is $180,000; value of leather annually tanned, $ 108,700. There are 125,000 pairs of sale shoes manufactured, and 300,000 shingles, and 1,850,000 feet Tumble The view Sash and of boards &c, sawed. blind and various other kinds of from its summit is similar to that of Copple Crown, but it is easier of ascent. Seven miles in a southeasterly direction, is Devils' Den, a natural curiosity, worthy of a visit from any admirer of nature. A ride of four miles from the village, mechanical business are carried on. The annual value of manu- the north-east is Down Dick Mountain." factured productions, of all kinds, is $522,500. nets, $ (See tables.) Agricultural prod mechanical labor, money at interest, $13, Resources. 146,600; $71,300; �WOODSTOCK. 014; stocks &c, $42,900; in savings banks, deposits $ 229,835 estimated amount received from summer tourists, $ 125,000 professional business, $ 100,000. Churches and Schools. Congregational, Rev. T. H. Emerson, pas; ; tor? 2d Congregational ; Christian, Rev. Lewis Philips, pastor; 1st Freewill Baptist, Rev. A. 1). Fairbanks, pastor; 2d F. W. Baptist, Christian and Methodist, united; total value of all church property, There are sixteen schools town; average length, for the total amount year, twenty weeks S 20,000. in ; money appropriated annually for school purposes, $2,505.14. Institution. WolfeLiterary borough Christian Institute is a prosperous Institution, and has a fund of $ 10,000, J. W. Simonds, A. M., is the principal. of Wolfeborough PubLibrary, 750 volumes; Charles Libraries. lic H. Parker, volumes. private library, 500 "Wolfeborough Savings Bank. (See tables.) Pavilion, Glendon, Bel- vue, Lake and Franklin Houses. Value of Hotel property, $ 175,000. Livery Stables. There are two Livery Stables, with twenty-nine horses. First Settlers. cas, Rev. Ebenezer First Minister. Allen (Congregational,) ordained in 1792 died in 1806. Boundaries. Northeast by Ossipee, south-east by Brookfield, south; west by Winnipiseogee Lake and Alton, and north-west by Tuftonborough. Area, 28,680 acres improved land, 16,694 acres. ; Distances. Forty-five miles north-east from Concord, and eight miles south-west from Ossipee. Railroads. The Wolfeborough Branch of the Eastern, Great Falls and Conway Railroad has its terminus in this town, on the shores of the lake. In the summer season, steamboats arrive and depart from the wharves at the village, several times daily, from and to all important points in and around the lake. WOODSTOCK. Grafton County. The of this large township is James Lary, B. Blake, J. LuJ. Fullerton others first settled here. and The town was named for Gen. Wolfe, an officer who was killed in the battle before Quebec, Canada, -September and on the rivers is good, and produces excellent crops of corn, grain, and hay. Much of the town is still a dense forest, and the extensive drives of mountains. The soil logs we see floating down the Merrimack in the spring, come largely from this town. Rivers. The Pemigewassett River passes through the eastern section, and receives large branches in its passage, which furnish good water power. Mountains. The Incorporated July 9th, in the north-west, tain in the west. 1770. principal ele- vations are Cushman's Mountain in the south-west, Black Mountain Gov. John Wentworth erected a splendid mansion in this town, about five miles east of Wolfeborough village. 13th, 1759. surface uneven, diversified with hills, valleys, Lake National Bank, Carrol] County Savings Bank and Banks. Hotels. 379 and Blue Moun- Among these mountains, branches of the wild Ammonoosuck, and Baker's River, and Moosehillock Brook, have �NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 380 On the last stream a beautiful cascade, where the waters glide smoothly on a glassy surface of rocks or tumble in a foaming cataract a distance of two hundred feet Grafton mineral their sources. Churches and Schools. is spring is in this town and its waters are strongly impregnated with sulphur and other mineral substances. The scenery in Woodis very tine. Employments. The inhabitants are employed in farming, in the summer, and lumbering in the winter. There is one large tannery, which produces leather to the value of $75,000 annually. Nearly all the lumber cut in town stock down the river in the Clapboards, shingles, and boards are sawed, to the value of $ 4,800 annually. Resources. Agricultural prodis floated logs. $44,008; ucts, $ 10,500 terest, ; $ stocks, 5,500 banks, $ 644 000 ; ; mechanical labor, and money at in- deposits in savings stock in trade, $ 19, ; from summer tourists, $ 1,000. ; Baptist, Advent, Rev. T. B. Eastman, pastor; Freewill Baptist, There are five schools average length, for the year, eleven weeks. First Settlement. This town was granted to Eli Demeritt, September 23, 1763, under the name of Peeling. It was subsequently called Fairfield, and again changed to Peeling. In 1804, it took the name of Woodstock. John Riant and others commenced the first settlement in 1773. Boundaries. North by Lincoln, east by Thornton, south by Thornton and Ellsworth, and west by Warren, Benton and Ellsworth. Area, 33,359 acres; area of im- proved land, 2,540 acres. Distances. Seventy-three miles north from Concord, and twentyone north from Plymouth. Railroad. Eight miles to Warren station, on the Montreal Rail- road. �KOCKINGHAM. 381 COUNTIES OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. CHAPTER A summary statistical ical of the counties position, value and IV. State, pertaining to their geograph- of their manufactories, farm productions, railroads, newspapers, national banks, savings banks, insurance, post-offices &c. ROCKINGHAM. This county has the only territory which borders on the Atlantic Ocean, being about seventeen miles in extent. it It is bounded north by Strafford County, east by the Atlantic, from the mouth of the Piscataqua to the line of Massachusetts, south by Massachusetts, and west by Hillsborough and Merrimack Counties. The principal rivers are Piscataqua, Lamprey, SquamPawtuckaway and Spiggot. The total horse water power Rivers. 6cot, now used is 3,364. Mountains. Pawtuckaway, in Nottingham and Deerfield, and Saddleback, in Deerfield and Northwood are the principal ele- vations. Area. There are thirty-eight towns there were incorporated — in in the County, of which the reign of Charles I., two ; in the William and Mary, two two in the reign of Queen Anne seven, George L; thirteen, George II.; eight in the reign of George III.; and three by NewHampshire. It was incorporated, March 19, 1771, and named in honor of Charles Watson Wentworth, Marquis of Rockingham, by Governor Benniug Wentworth. Its greatest length is thirtyreign of Charles II., one ; in the reign of ; four miles ; greatest breadth, thirty miles. Shire towns, Exeter and Portsmouth. With the exception of Strafford County, the surface broken than that of any county in the State, and much of the land is well adapted to the raising of corn, oats, and hay, but the rust injures the wheat. In 1870, there were produced 18,596 bushAgriculture. is less els wheat, 165.682 bushels corn, 72,976 bushels oats and barley, 484,000 bushels potatoes. Orchard productions, $126,000. 745, �382 ROCKINGHAM. 000 pounds butter, 73,000 pounds cheese, 66,000 tons hay, and The total value of agricultural 6,128 pounds maple sugar. productions, of all kinds, was $2,640,000. The manufactures of the County are varied and Manufactories. important, of which men's and women's boot and shoe manufacturing much the largest branch. The stock for many of the boots and made in the county, comes from the large shoe manufactories in Lynn and Haverhill, Massachusetts, ready cut out and generally is shoes, put up in sixty pair tions, to cases, and sent by cars be bound and bottomed. workmen, the same as if were in the it to their various destina- This stock leather, is charged to the consequently, this and amount of the production, while, heretofore, Massachusetts has claimed the workmen, amount puid them, and the sale. This may duplicate New-England business, but it rightfully belongs to New-Hampshire. In 1870, the census gave the county as capital State should have the credit of the benefit of the betterments, the invested in the boot and shoe business, $ 194,000, employing 701 workmen, with annual amount of wages, $ 230,284, value of productions, $ 941,912. There is now invested in shoe business, $ 264, 000, employing 623 hands, annual pay-roll, $ 276,500, and producing 930,000 pairs of boots and shoes, valued at $ 1,059,000. There are also employed on shoes, the stock of which was put up in cases, and brought from out of the State, 1,269 hands, annual pay-roll, $ 522,600, and producing 2,937,000 pairs of boots and shoes, valued This credit of over $ 500,000, the receipts for at $ 3,167,000. the labor of over 1,200 workmen, has been given to Massachusetts, by what tangible as part of her resources, but right, we are unable to explain. Cotton Goods. This branch of business, is gradually increasing. 15,100,000 yards of cotton cloth of various widths, are annually manufactured, valued at $ 1,645,000 618,000 yards woolen goods, valued at $ 214,000 95,000 pairs hose, $ 152,000; 245,000 clap; ; and 29,667,000 feet boarda 6,355,000 shingles and laths and dimension lumber sawed, valued at $ 474,300 234,500 bushboards ; ; ; grain ground, $ 267,700, besides various other manufactories. els The 000 pay total capital invested in manufactories of all kinds, ; men employed, roll, 3,840 ; women and $ 3,926, is children, 1,362 ; annual $ 2,008,500, and value of productions, $ 11,005,000. (See tables.) Valuation and Taxes. The total assessed value of the county, in �383 STRAFFORD. 1872, was $ 24,253,032 the true value, (as assessed on two thirds ; The of the actual value) was $ 36,379,548. total State, county, town and school tax assessed was $ 421,329.28, or seventeen mills on the dollar the true per cent., eleven mills and one half. — Whole number Churches. of churches, 113, edifices, 112, seating capacity, 33,910, (or nearly 72 per cent, of all the inhabitants,) church value, $ 564,000. Total number schools, 264, number graded schools, 52 average attendance, 7,187 or 72 Schools. number ; boys, 5,106, girls, 4,792 per cent ; average length of schools for the year, twenty-five and value of school houses and lots, $ 315,185 annual ; one half weeks ; ; amount appropriated for school purposes, $ 86,922.34, averaging to each scholar, $ 8.27. The Railroads. railroad facilities in this county are very good, especially in the lower section. There are but six or seven towns but a railroad passes through some portions of in the county, it. The Manchester and Lawreuce extends from Londonderry to Methuen, Massachusetts Concord and Portsmouth, from Auburn to ; Boston and Maine, from Plaistow to Durham in Portsmouth Strafford County Eastern, from Seabrook to Kittery, Maine Portsmouth and Dover, from Portsmouth to Piscataqua bridge The Nashua and Rochester, from Windham to Lee. The whole length ; ; ; ; of railroads in the county, Miscellaneous. is about 130 miles. Total population, 47,297 —male, 22,853, 24,440; foreign, 2,819; colored, in 1860, 97, number paupers — native, white, 262, black, for the year, $ 47,000 female, 1870, 153; 4, foreign, 29 ; — white, — males, 315, criminals convicted during the year ; Whole number persons number died over 80 years 25, foreign, 3. died, 659 males, 344 83, or 12 J per cent.; ; whole expenses ; fe- num- ber died with lung disease 149, or 22# per cent. STRAFFORD. This The is the second county in the State in point of manufactures. surface is generally level, having no mountains of any magni- tude, the Blue Hills in Strafford having the highest altitude, or per- haps Frost Mountain, Dover is Rivers and Bays. Cocheco, in Farmington, is of about the same elevation. the shire town. Salmon Falls River, on Lamprey and its north-eastern border, Isinglass rivers, are the principal streams, and, in their passages, furnish some valuable water power. Great �384 STRAFFORD. Bay and county from Rockingham These streams and their tributaries, now fur- the Piscataqua, divide the county, on the east. nish 7,523 improved horse power. Boundaries &c. It contains thirteen incorporated in the reign of Charles towns, of which one was in the reign of George I., and seven under the State government. Bounded north by Carroll County, east by State of Maine and Great Bay, south by Rockingham County, and west by Belknap and Carroll Counties. It was incorporated, March 19, 1771, and named in honor of William Wentworth, Earl of Strafford. two; George II., and is three, This county Agriculture. land I.; small in territory, but is much of the valuable for farming purposes, raising good corn, oats, hay The potatoes. total number of Manufactories. In proportion to of improved land acres 94,650; annual value of productions, of its all kinds, is $ 1,146,464. population and wealth, its manufactured productions, and the amount paid for mechanical labor, exceed that of any county in the State. The value of cotton cloth annually manufactured is $ 4,474,000; of calico goods, $ 3,447, 000. At This cotton print business has increased rapidly since 1870. that date, only printing 19,000,000 yards, while the present year, There are sixty-one shoe over 31,000,000 yards. ital firms, with a cap- of $ 1,237,000, employing 2,101 males, and 356 females, with an annual pay roll of $ 1,264,000 producing 3,837,000 pairs of men's, women's, and youth's boots and shoes, valued at $ 4,937,000 4,628, 000 yards woolen goods, valued at $ 2,055,000 flour and meal, ; ; $ 292,000 also lumber, leather, oil cloth, glue ; The carriages, machinery, bobbins &c. manufactories children, is 3,201 ; men employed, $6,373,000; annual pay The on the dollar assessed, the product (See tables.) The county total State, is county, was $ 273,517.20, or eighteen mills — the true per cent. 11 There are Churches. in women and total assessed value of the $14,899,029; -true value, $22,348,544. town and school tax 4,491, $ 3,403,000, and roll, $16,916,000 worth of manufactured goods. Valuation and Taxes. and sand paper, total capital invested fifty-six J mills. church edifices, seating capacity, 19,550 (or 64£ per cent, of all the inhabitants in the county.) Value of the Schools. edifices, $ 290,000. There are 176 schools, of which 58 are graded; num- ber of boys attending school, 3,446 number of girls, 3,278 average attendance, 4,120 or 61 per cent.; average length, for the ; ; �BELKNAP. 385 value of school houses and lots, $ 238,375 annual amount appropriated for school purposes, $ 54,327.80 average amount to each scholar, $ 8.08. year, twenty-five weeks ; ; ; With Rqilroads. the exception of Strafford, nearly every town by railroad cars. The Boston and Maine Berwick in Maine Great Falls and Conway, from Maine line to Wakefield Cocheco, from Dover to New Durham and Portsmouth and Dover Railroad, from Piscataqua River in the county runs from is visited Durham to ; ; ; to Dover city ; Nashua and Rochester, from Lee Total length of railroads in the county females, 15,795 convicted foreign, ; foreign, 3,885 ; colored, 44. —white, 95 ; to Rochester. about 79 miles. Total population of the county, 30,243 Miscellaneous. 14,448, is — males, Criminals — native, 125, foreign, 180; paupers native, 195, expense for the year, $ 18,973. Whole number of deaths for the year 1870, 307 ; —males, 151, females, 153 ; died at eighty years of age and over, 26 or 8 J per cent.; number number died with lung disease, 67, or 22 per cent. BELKNAP. This county was originally a part of Strafford county, and was The surface is broken by mounand lakes, producing some beautiful scenery. The soil is good, and is well adapted to grazing, and the various kinds of productions, common to the latitude. Gilmanton Mounincorporated December 22, 1840. tains, hills, valleys tain is the principal elevation. Lakes, Bays ty is and Rivers. The north-eastern portion of the coun- watered by Winnipiseogee Lake, and Alton Bay, an arm of the lake extending about six miles into Alton. River is Winnipiseogee the principal stream, and furnishes some of the best water The horse water power is 2,899. North by Carroll County and Lake Winnipiseogee, east by Strafford County, south-west by Merrimack County, and west by Grafton County. Area, of improved land, 155,421 power in the State. Boundaries. acres. There are eleven towns, of which two were incorporated George I., two in the reign of George III., and seven by the State government. The county was named in honor of Dr. Belknap, the Historian of New-Hampshire. Shire town, Gilford. Towns. in the reign of Agriculture. There are annually raised 20,000 bushels of wheat. �386 BELKNAP. 91,000 bushels corn, 270,000 bushels potatoes, 81,000 ter, lbs. ; 438,000 lbs. but- of cheese, 40,000 lbs. maple sugar, 39,000 tons of The total value The manufactures of the county are considera- hay, and $ 391,000 worth of cattle of farm productions, Manufactories. is fit for slaughter. $ 1,637,000. (See tables.) and rapidly increasing, the most important of which are cotton goods, $ 923,000 cotton and woolen hose, $ 750,000 woolen goods, flour and meal, $ 168,000; passen$183,000; lumber, $ 274,000 ger and freight cars, and repairs, $ 700,000 besides other important mechanical works. The total capital invested in manufactories, is $ 1,424,500, employing 1,212 males, and 892 females, with annual pay roll of $743,200. and producing $3,499,400. (See ble, ; ; ; ; tables.) Valuation and Taxes. 1872, was $ 6,107.000 Total assessed value of the county, in The true value, $ 9,081,500, ; total amount of State, county, town and school tax collected was $131,058.34, or twenty-one and one half mills to the dollar, true per cent, fourteen and a half mills. Whole number Churches. $158,500. Schools. of church edifices, 47 seating capac- ; (or 68 per cent, of the population;) church 12,135; ity, value, (See tables.) Total number of schools, 154, of which seventeen are graded; number of male scholars attending school, 1,892; females, 1,654; average length of schools for the year, seventeen weeks; amount of money annually appropriated total $ 18,159.45, or $ 5.30 to each scholar for school purposes, value of school ; lots and school houses, $87,545. Railroads. the county. Railroads pass through seven of the eleven towns in The Boston and Montreal Railroad extends from ton to Ashland; Bay. The two miles. and the Cocheco, from New-Durham total length of railroads, in the county, is Miscellaneous. Total population of the county, 8,508, females, 9,093. white natives, 52, Crime Foreign, 687 colored, 8, —number convicted, colored, ; foreign, 18 for the year ; ; 122 cent number died over eighty ; ; about thirty- 17,681 41. Til- Alton — males, Paupers — annual expense, 5,000. white, 3. of deaths in the county, for the year, 223 to Whole number —males, 101, females, years of age, 31, or nearly 15 per died with lung disease, 52, or over 23 per cent. �387 CARROLL. CARROLL. is one of the mountain and lake counNew-Hampshire, having some of the finest natural scenery It is broken by mountains and hills, but the United States. This Ossipee, shire town. ties in in much of the soil is productive. Elvers and Lakes. Saco, Pine, Bearcamp, Ossipee, and branches This counof the Salmon Falls River, are the principal streams. ty being the source of many considerable streams, they are, consequently, not large enough within itsterritory to furnish a perma- nent supply of water power for large manufacturing establishments however, it is very valuable, and turns many water wheels. ; The improved horse water power is 1812. Winnipiseogee and Ossipee Lakes are the principal bodies of water. Tourists, in the summer, find pleasant recreation at many points on their shores. Mountains. Ossipee, Red Hill, Chocurua, Whiteface and CarMountains are the highest elevations. North by Grafton and Coos counties, east by the State of Maine, south by Strafford County, and south-west and west by Lake Winnipiseogee and Grafton County. Area of imter Boundaries. proved land, 175,319 acres. It was originally a part of Strafford County, and was incorporated December 22, 1840. It contains seventeen towns, eight of which were incorporated during the reign of George the III., and nine under the State government. Some of the land is cold, but excellent for grazing. Agriculture. In 1870, 17,000 bushels of wheat. 108,000 bushels corn, 328,000 bushels potatoes orchard productions, $ 68,000 505,000 lbs. butter 16,000 lbs. cheese, 176,000 lbs. maple sugar, 50,000 tons of ; ; ; hay ; and cattle sold, ready for slaughter, $ 286,000. The total farm productions was $ 1,808,000. The manufacture of men's and women's boots Manufactures value of all in value any other manufactured production, employing 182 hands, with annual pay roll of $ 64- and shoes exceeds in the county, 000, and producing boots and shoes Woolen goods are produced to the to the value of $ 400,000 value of $ 185,000, men's flour leather tanned, $ 306,000 and women's hose, $ 45,500 The total capital inand meal, $ 74,200, and lumber, $ 161,000. vested in manufactories, of all kinds, is $ 583,000; employing 764 ; ; males, and 107 females ; annual pay roll, $ 295,800, and product of goods valued at $ 1,459,100. Valuation and Taxes. The assessed valuation of the county, in �MERRIMACK. 388 1872, was $ 5,228,812— true valuation, 8 7,843,218. The total and school tax assessed, was $ 123,679.22, or State, county, town, twenty-three mills to the dollar ity, 10,830, (or 63 Churches valued cent, sixteen mills. the county, 46 ; per cent, of the inhabitants of seating capacthe. county.) at $ 65,500. Whole number Schools. —the true per Number of churches in Churches. — 2,476, female, 1,925 of schools, 187 ; number of male schol- average attendance, 3,113, or 71 percent number average length of schools, for the year, seventeen weeks of graded schools, four amount of money annually appropriated for ars ; ; ; ; school purposes, J^ailroads. Conway ; •$ 20,342.56, or $ 4.60 to each scholar in the county. Great Falls and Conway, from Middleton to North Portland and Ogdensburg from Maine State line to Wolfeborough Railroad, Conway, through to Upper Bartlett from the shore of Lake Winnipiseogee in Wolfeborough, to WakeThe total length field, on the Great Falls and Conway Railroad. of railroads, in the county, is about fifty three miles. ; Miscellaneous. Population of the county, 17,333 females 8,575; foreign, 176, colored, 13. year, 1870 — 142 males, and 159 females. years and over, 36, or nearly 12 per cent — males, 8,758, Number of deaths in the Number died at eighty ; died with lung disease, 70, or 23 per cent. MERRIMACK. Concord With is theshire town of the county, and capital of the State. the exception of Belknap, this is the only county in the State a portion of the border of which does not touch some other State. Its surface is broken by mountains, hills, and valleys, dotted with lakes and ponds, The and lined with numerous rivers and streams. on the rivers and streams, is very productive, while the and mountain sides, are good for grazing. soil hills A portion of Sunapee Lake lies within its borLakes and Rivers. and it and Webster Lake, in Franklin, are the principal bodies of water. Merrimack, Pemigewasset, Winnipiseogee, Contoocook, Soucook, Suncook, Warner and Black water rivers are the principal streams. The total improved horse, water power is 8,740. Kearsarge, Ragged, Rattlesnake and Fort mounElevations. ders, tains, are the principal elevations. Boundaries. North by Grafton and Belknap counties, east by Rockingham County, south by Hillsborough County, and west by �389 MERRIxMACK. Sullivan County. It contains twenty -six towns, four of which were incorporated in the reign of George government. ham and was originally a part of the counties of Rocking- It Hillsborough, and was incorporated July 23, 1823. The number of manufactories, of various Manufactories. is two in the reign of George I., seven in the reign of George III., and thirteen under the State II., kinds, Amount number of men 446, steam horse power 764, water horse power, 8,740. of capital invested in manufactories, $ 6,654,000 ; amount annually employed, 4,567, women and children, 1,957 paid for labor, $ 2,777,000. The value of manufactured products, ; in sixteen towns, is respectively over $ 50,000, ten over $ 200,000, and annually produced, of manufactured goods, of all kinds, in value, $ 12,771,000 worth, the most important of which are 33,634,000 yards of cotton cloth, valued at $ 2,609,000 There six over $ 500,000. is ; 2,561,000 yards woolen cloths, of all kinds, valued at $ 1,801,000 ; 121,000 dozen pairs cotton and woolen hose, of various kinds, $ 381,000; 3,521 tons paper, of all kinds, $ 843,000 ; also lumber, and meal, $ 788,000 leather tanned, $ 354,000 foundries, carriages, of all kinds, $ 650 000 furniture, $ 400,000 $280,000; railroad repair shops, $ 290,000; boots and shoes, 930, leather hose and belting, $ 390,000 organs and melodeons, 000 $120,000; harnesses, $270,000; and granite and marble dressed $ 411,000 flour ; ; ; ; ; ; ; or quarried, $ 800,000 besides other manufactories of lesser note ; but important. Agricultural. county is The number of acres of improved land, number of horses, 4,939, cattle, 28,828, 317,344; 32,447, swine, 3,819 ; the sheep, bushels of wheat annually produced, 28,215, rye, 5,166, corn, 184,662, peas tons of hay,72,467, in and beans, number of pounds of 5,631, potatoes, 429,650, wool, 138,079, butter, 705, 516, cheese, 167,903, maple sugar, 89,802, honey, 6,630; gallons of milk sold, 147,215, maple molasses, 1,079. Estimated value of live stock, $1,886,649, ucts sold, $ 22,363 ; orchard products, $100,345; garden prod- animals slaugh450,000 Estimated value of farm products, in- forest products, $ tered, or sold, $ 575,055. ; cluding betterments $ 3.103,071. Money and $ 2,864,361 ; Stocks. $ 50,000 deposited. est, $ 687,062. Total amount of deposits in savings banks, eight towns have over $ 100,000, Total amount of and seventeen, over money on hand or at inter- Total value of shares in corporations, and stocks in public funds, $ 552,388. Assessed value of stock in trade, in �MERRIMACK. 390 True value 1872, $ 961,012. tual value) $ 1,441,568. on two thirds of the ac- (as assessed Total assessed value of the county, $ 21, True value, $ 32,084,189. 389,459. State tax, $81,408 Taxes. tax, $224,281.66 on the dollar county tax, $ 37.000 ; town and ; city total tax assessed, $342,689.66, or sixteen mills : — true per cent. 10.7 mills. Total number of districts, 308 number of schools, 334 number boys, 4,477 girls, 4 419 number of graded schools, 46 number of male teachers, 90 female teachers, 444 annual amount Schools. ; ; ; ; ; expended for school purposes, $ 58,564.56 school-houses and for schools, 52 Churches. ity, lots, $ 231,760 academies, 5 ; Number ; ; ; estimated value of number of school-houses ; —male unfit pupils, 310, female, 274. of churches, 76; edifices, 75 25,083, (nearly 60 per cent, of all ; seating capac- the inhabitants) value, ; 8 501,500. The Merrimack County, exceed The Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad extends from Concord, through Canterbury and Railroads. railroad facilities of those of any other county in the State. Northfield, to Tilton ; Northern extends from Concord through Boscawen, Franklin, Andover, Wilmot, to Danbury Branch extends from Franklin through Hill to Bristol Bristol ; Concord ; and Claremont extends from Concord, through Hopkinton, Warner, and Sutton to Bradford; Sugar River Railroad extends from BradContoocook Valley Railroad ford through Newbury to, Sunapee extends from Hopkinton through Hopkinton, Henniker to HillsConcord and Nashua extends from Concord through borough Bow and Hooksett, to Manchester; Concord Railroad, (east side of Merrimack River) extends from Concord, through Pembroke and Allenstown to Hooksett; Suncook Valley extends from Allenstown ; ; through Epsom to The Pittsfield. total number of miles of roads in the county, not including side tracks, railroad passes through the county. No is rail- A about 160. some portion of the twenty-six towns railroad passes the borders of Salisbury, in New- London, Webster, Dunbarton, Loudon and Chichester. Miscellaneous. males, 21,433 ; population, 42,151 Total colored, 96 whole number paupers, 244 ses, $ 27,837. year, 146 ; — natives, 200, Whole number —natives, ; 20,718, foreigners, foreigners, 44 ; fe- 3,949 ; expen- of criminals convicted, during the Whole number died, 575 number died over eighty years of age, 48, foreign, 98. males, 281, females, 294 — males, natives, 38,202, �HILLSBOROUGH. 71, or 12 1-3 per cent, or nearly 28 i per cent. years one in every eight lived Number years of age and over. Forty died 391 in the till eighty died with lung diseases, 166, or town of Hopkinton, 10 over 80 21 over 70 years and 27 over 50 years of age. ; HILLSBOROUGH. This is the largest and most important county in the State, in The wealth, population, and manufactures. surface is varied, por- and mountains On the Merrimack, it is more level. There are no high mountains in the county the mountains in Lyndeborough, Greenfield, Peterborough, Hancock and Francestown having the greatest altitude. Rivers and Ponds. It is well watered by numerous streams, the most important of which are the Merrimack River, passing through the eastern part of the county, from north to south the Contoocock River, running through the western section, from south to north The Souhegan, passing through the southern portion, from east to west the Nashua, coming from Massachusetts, passing through part and the Piscataquog, in the northern secof Hollis and Nashua These rivers, together with their tion, flowing from west to east. tributaries, furnish good water privileges through the county. The horse water power improved is 18,770, or nearly double that of any There is much good power which still recounty in the State. mains unimproved, in all sections of the county. A portion of tions being broken by hills ; ; ; ; ; Massabesic Lake lies in the eastern section of the county, while there are considerable ponds in Hancock, Hollis, Brookline, Fran- cestown, and Amherst. Boundaries. It contains thirty-one towns, ten of corporated in the reign of George II., which were in- twelve, in the reign of and the remainder by the government of New-Hampbounded north by Merrimack County, east by Rockingham County, south by Massachusetts, and west by Cheshire and Area of improved land, 287,451 acres. IncorSullivan Counties. porated March 19, 1771, and received its name from the Earl of Hillsborough, one of the privy council of George III. Shire towns, County Records, kept at Amherst, Manchester, and Nashua. George III., shire. It is Nashua. Agriculture. Much of the territory is well adapted to the various crops usually raised in this section of the country. the number of acres In proportion to cultivated, (with the exception of Grafton and �392 HILLSBOROUGH. Coos Counties,) the value of any county of the in Manufactories. State, done is 000 ; Nearly one third of is equal to that of those all the manufacturing in the The number yards in this county. annually manufactured, all kinds, crops its (See tables.) State. cotton goods, of 112,025,000, valued at $ 16,800, is woolen goods 1,952,000 yards, valued at $ 1,098,000 dozen pairs woolen hose, valued at $ 440,000 of all varieties, $1,054,000; 144,000 ; 2,040 tons paper, ; 154,500 pairs of men's and women's boots and shoes, $258,000; 35,148,000 feet of lumber, $619,000; 746,000 bushels flour and meal ground, $ 819,000 The ; leather tanned, and machine-shop business, such manufacturing locomotives, and all classes of machine work, $ 432,000. twice as much iron foundry as is as that of all the rest of the counties in the State, The total capital invested in number of manufacturing estab- being over $ 5,000,000 annually. manufactories is 588 lishments, amount paid ; $ 15,990,000 ; males employed, 8,270, fema'es, 7,460 annual value of manufactured goods, ; for labor, $ 6,323,000 ; $ 31,464,000. Valuation and Taxes. $ 37,115,441 ;—true The town and school tax assessed 16 mills on the dollar ChureJies. total assessed value of the value, $55,673,016. in The county total State, is county, 1872, was $ 588,065.05, or about —the true per cent., 10J mills. There are 90 churches, and 72 church edifices, capa- ble of seating 36,736 persons, or 57 per cent, of the population of Value of church property, $ 819,500. There are 374 schools, of which 93 are graded. Numaverage attendance ber boys attending school, 6,624, girls, 6,405 for the year, 8,992 or 67 per cent.; average length of schools, for the year, 25 weeks value of school houses and lots, $481,680 anthe county. Schools. ; ; ; nual amount appropriated for school purposes, $ 121,961.94 ; aver- age amount to each scholar, $ 10.14. There are over one hundred and twelve miles of railThe Concord railroad extends from Hooksett line to Nashua; Manchester and Lawrence, runs from ManchesConcord and Portsmouth, from Manchester to ter to Londonderry Railroads. way track in the county. ; Auburn Manchester and North Weare, from Manchester to Weare Wilton, from Nashua to East Wilton; thence by the Peterbor- ; ; ough, through Lyndeborough, and Greenfield, to Peterborough ; Nashua and Lowell, to State line; Worcester and Nashua, to State line Nashua and Acton, to State line Peterborough and ; ; �CHESHIRE. Shirley, from State line to Greenville to Peterborough ; 393 Monadnock, from ; Contoocook Valley, from Henniker Jaffrey, line to Hills- borough Bridge. Population of the county, 64,238 Miscellaneous. females, 34,217; foreign, 11,472; colored, 124; —males, 30,021, criminals convict- — — ed natives, 124, foreign, 201; paupers natives, 171, foreign, 95 pauper expenses for the year, % 47,735. Whole number of deaths for the year, 918 males, 458, females, 460; number died over eighty years, 82, or 10 per cent.; number died with lung disease, ; — 262, or over 28 per cent. CHESHIRE. This is State in becoming one of the most enterprising counties its variety of manufactories. of the county uneven, but is much The of the surface in soil is in the many parts productive, yield- ing fine crops, especially in those towns bordering on the Connecticut river. The Connecticut washes Rivers. gether with power its western border, the Ashue- through the county in a south-westerly direction, and lot flows its tributaries, furnishes the larger portion of the Cold in the county. Rver passes through to- water north-west its corner, and branches of the Contoocook water three or four towns on eastern border, affording its some proved horse water power of the county Monadnock Mountain, Mountains. county, is is The im- water power. 6,310. in the eastern part of the the highest elevation in the middle and southern sec- West River Mountain tion of the State. is fine in the south-west part, quite an elevation. Boundaries. towns, of which eight George II., ten, in the reign of George III., and five under the government of New-Hampshire. Bcunded north by Sullivan County, east by Hillsborough County, south by Massachusetts, and west by Vermont. Its greatest length is contains twenty-three It were incorporated in the reign of thirty-one miles, greatest breadth, twenty-six miles. porated Keene March is 19, 1771, and was named after It was incor- a county in England. the Shire town. Ai/rictdiure. this county. Some Much of the best farming towns in the State are in attention is given to the raising of tobacco, on the Connecticut and the lower part of the Ashuelot rivers. ly two hundred thousand pounds are annually produced. Near- The �CHESHIKE. 394 number acres of improved land is This county Manufactories. Woolen manufactured. 260,517 ; annual value of agri- (See tables.) cultural productions, $1,887,856. noted for is its variety of goods goods, consisting of beaver cloths, tricots, &c, diagonals, flannels, horse blankets are annually produced to the value of $ 2,369,000, exceeding that of any county in the State; cotton goods, $250,500; er tanned, $ 1,297,000 and all shoes, $ 190,000 paid boots ; besides their are chairs, tubs, pails, toys of of manufactories of every description, vested, S 3,325,000 amount leath- ; and meal ground, $ 251,000 machine work, granite dressing &c, &c. kinds, paper, number ; 24,028,000 feet lumber, $ 441,000 flour ; is 371 males employed, 3,241, females, 702 ; labor, for value $1,737,000; The capital in- ; ; annual productions, of $7,911000. Valuation and Taxes. The assessed valuation of the county, in 1872, was % 14,956,599; true valuation, % 22,434,898. The State county, town aud school tax, was $ 239,367.48, or 16 mills on the dollar — true per cent. 10 mills. Churches. Number churches, and church edifices, 62, capahle of seating 25,083 persons, or 92 per cent, of the population of the coun- Value of church property, $425,680, far exceeding that of any county in the State, in proportion to wealth and population. There are 259 schools, of which 49 are graded; numSchools. ty. ber of scholars ; boys, 3,236 ; girls, 2,964; through the year, 4,711, or 76 per cent ; average attendance, average length of schools, for the year, 19 weeks; value of school houses and lots, $ 161,120 annual amount appropriated for school purposes, $ 43,823, or $ ; 7. 05 to each scholar in the county. Railroads. There are twelve towns in the county, in which a The Cheshire Railroad, railroad passes through some part of it. from Bellows Falls in Vermont to Massachusetts line, 42| miles the Ashuelot, from Keene to Vermont Hue, 231 miles Monadnock, from Massachusetts line to Peterborough line, about 11 miles. ; ; Miscellaneous. Population in 1870, 27,265— males,13,653; females, 22 persons convicted of natives, 24; annual exnatives, 7, foreign, 15; paupers cr i me Whole number of deaths for the year, 338 males, penses, $ 6,700. number died over eighty years of age, 52, or females, 166 172, 14 per cent.; number died with disease of the lungs, 81, or 24 per 13,612 ; foreign, 1,802, colored, 15 in 1870, — — ; cent. ; — �395 SULLIVAN. SULLIVAN. One of the Connecticut River counties ; the surface is broken by many and river valleys, It is an excellent county for and interesting. portions, very grazing, and nearly 40,000 sheep roam over its hills, and on its Croydon and Green mountains, in the northern mountain sides. mountains, making the hills scenery, in fine and western section of the county, are the highest elevations. Lake and Rivers. Suuapee Lake lies principally in this county on its extreme eastern border, and is the largest body of water. Sugar River has its source in Sunapee Lake, and, together with its Little Sugar branches, waters over three fourths of the county. t flows from east to west ers have their rise in its southern limits, and joins the Branches of Cold and Ashuelot riv- through Connecticut in Charlestown. the southern section of the these streams furnish good water privileges, about couuty. All of half of which Improved horse water power, in the county, 3,737. North by Grafton County, east by Merrimack and Hillsborough Counties, south by Cheshire County, and west by Area of improved land, 220,517 acres. It contains Vermont. fifteen towns, one of which was incorporated in the reign of George II., nine in the reign of George III., and five under the State government. Incorporated July 5, 1827, named in honor of Hon. John Sullivan, one of the presidents under the new constitution. are improved. Boundaries. Shire town, Newport. Agriculture. the soil is very Along the streams, particularly the Connecticut, and the uplands are generally productive. fertile, The county has been noted, for many years, for the large quantity and excellent quality of butter and cheese it produces, amounting The annual to about 600,000 lbs. butter and 100,000 lbs. cheese. value of agricultural productions is $ 1,559,177. (See tables.) There are only four towns in the county which have manufactories to any extent, or an annual value of productions amounting to over $100,000. The most important manufacManufactories. tures are paper, $ 400,000 leather, $ 217,000 ; woolen, $ 61 1,000 cotton, $ 464,000 lumber, $ 164,000 boots and shoes, $ 422,000 ; ; ; ; ; men's and women's hose, $ 35,000. The total value of manufactured goods, annually produced, is $ 2,663,000. (See tables.) Valuation and Taxes. The assessed valuation, in 1872, was $8, 929,030—true valuation, $ 13,393,546. The State, county, town �GRAFTON. 396 and school was $ 105,144.95, or 13 mills on the dollar tax, —true per cent, about 8 mills. There are 54 church Churches. 425 persons, or 85 per capable of seating 15, edifices, cent, of its population ; value of church prop- erty, $ 180,700. There are 172 Schools. ber of scholars schools, of — boys, 2,080 girls, ; which 16 are graded; numaverage attendance, 1,725 ; through the year, 2,589, or 67 per cent.; average length of schools, for the year, 20 weeks; value of school houses and lots, $82,025; amount of money annually appropriated for school purposes, $ 29, 525.52, or $ 7.52 to each scholar in the county. Railroads. Railroads pass through only five towns in the coun- The Sugar River Railroad ty. port, Claremont where to passes through Sunapee and New- forms a junction, with the Sullivan it County Railroad, which extends from Windsor Vermont through Cornish, Claremont and Charlestown to Bellows Falls. The length of railroads in the county 8,830, females, 9,228 victed of crime is about 46 miles. Population of the county, in 1870, 18,058 Miscellaneous. colored, 43 foreign, 1,015, ; — natives, 10, — males, persons con- ; number of paupers, na- foreign, 6, annual expense, $13,402.38. Whole number of deaths for the year males, 112, females 138 num- 180; tives, foreign, 12; — ; ber died over eighty years of age, 25, or 10 per cent ; number died with disease of the lungs, 77, or 30 per cent. GRAFTON. This is in point The one of the largest and most important counties in the State, of territory, population, and surfoce, in the eastern portion, agricultural broken by is productions. hills and lofty mountains, and affords some of the grandest scenery in America. Its western portion borders on the Connecticut, extending for a The soil, on the rivers, is of distance of nine towns, on that river. the best quality, and, together with the abundant crops of grass, grain, and hilly portion, produces all the fruits common to the climate. Mountains. to the In the northern sections, are mountains belonging White Mountain range, Franconia Mountains and gan Mountain; a little to the south-west while at the east and south-east terville, is is Carrri- Moosehillock, in Benton, a part of the Whiteface, in and the Campton Mountains, in Campton, and Wa- vicinity. �GRAFTON. Rivers and Lakes. Connecticut and its rivers, in the the county. of in Mascomy branches in the water the Squam Lake, in the the southern section, and in the south-western section of the county, are the bodies of water. principal its Part of Newfound Lake south-eastern section, Mascomy Lake northern part, The Pernigewasset and portions it is watered by the which are Lower and section, tributaries, the largest of Wild Arnmonoosuc southern section. central In the western 397 The streams furnish abundant water power, while the lakes prove excellent reservoirs for a constant The improved horse water power of the county is 11,6-40. Boundaries. North by Coos County, east by Coos, Carroll, and Belknap counties, south by Merrimack and Sullivan counties, and west by Vermont. There are thirty-eight towns, of which twenty-three were incorporated under the reign of George III., and fifteen under the State government. Incorporated March 19, 1771, and received its name in honor of Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Grafton. Shire towns, Plymouth and Haverhill. supply of water through droughts. is the agricultural county of the State. It contains 442,738 acres of improved land, and 230,300 acres of farming has 12,748 cows, 6,685 working oxen, Grafton Agriculture. wood land. Its farms are valued at over $ 12,100,000 implements, $ 646,000. It 14,562 other cattle, 7,135 horses, and 86,681 sheep. ; annually It produces 57,800 bushels wheat, 198,165 bushels corn, 433,000 bushels oats and barley, 1,078,000 bushels potatoes, 140,000 tons hay 446,000 lbs. 000 maple sugar lbs. ; wool, 1,100,000 lbs. butter, 190,000 lbs. cheese, 650, value of orchard productions, $115,000; val- ; ue of slaughtered animals, 8 600,000, and total value of all agricultural productions annually raised, $ 4,034,900. Some of the finest farming country in the United States, is to be found in the Connecticut valley, in this county. Manufactories. manufactures are varied and important, but Its not as extensive as in some of the southern counties in the State. There are annually produced, furniture, doors, er wood work to the value of $ 1,000,000 ; and sash, blinds oth- woolen goods, $694, men's and women's hose, t 213,000 lumber, and meal, $ 583,000 leather, $ 319,000 starch, bebuck and leather gloves and mittens, $ 140,000 $ 150,000 sides, machine shop work, and other manufactures too numerous to mention. There are 658 manufactories, of all kinds, representing 000 ; paper, $330,000 $ 948,800 ; ; flour ; ; ; ; ; �398 coos. a capital of $ 2,771,000, employing 2,635 males and 417 females, with an annual pay roll of $ 1,232,000, and producing goods to the value of $ 5,775,900. Railroads. There are twenty towns in the county through some There are also five which a railroad passes. towns on the Connecticut River, which are well accommodated with railroad facilities by the Passumpsic Railroad, passing alon^ on portion of Length of the opposite side of the river, in Vermont. railroads, about 128 miles. There are 72 churches, and 77 church Churches. edifices num- ; ber of sittings, 24,631, or 63 per cent, of the whole population of the county ; graded ; value of church property, $ 248,700. Number Schools. of schools in the county, 415, of which 33 are number of scholars —boys, 4,977, girls, 4,391 attendance, for the year, 5,786, or 66 per cent schools, for the year, 18 $ 189,925 weeks value of school houses and ; amount of money annually appropriated ; average ; average length of ; for lots, school purposes, $ 51,684.22, or $ 5.52 to each scholar. Valuation and Taxes. The valuation, as assessed in 1872, was 8 15,037,880— true valuation, The $22,556,820. State, county town, and school tax, was $ 288,238.62, or 19 mills on the dollar true per cent. 12| mills. Miscellaneous. males, 19,287 foreign, 17 ; ; Population, in 1870, 39,103 foreign, 2,256 —males, 19,816, fe- — natives, 319, convicted of crime —na- colored, 41; paupers ; expenses, $ 30,208 ; persons Whole number of deaths, through the year males, 237, females, 244; number died over eighty years of age, 60, number died with lung disease, 153, or 32 or about 12? per cent tives, 11, foreign, 3. ; per cent. COOS. This county and is lies in the extreme northern part of New-Hampshire, the largest county in the State, extending north and south 76 miles, and averaging, east and west, 20 miles, and having an area of nearly 1,000,000 acres. by lofty mountains, lies and Much of its territory is broken In the southern part unfit for cultivation. the larger portion of the White Mountain range, covering an area of nearly 200 square miles, or 128,000 acres ; on the west side are the Stratford Peaks, while near the centre of the county ebrated Dixville Notch. is the cel- There are many other mountains, which, �399 coos. if located in grand and the southern portion of the State, would lofty, but the towering peak of be called Mount Washington magnitude in this locality. Mountainous regions, in any country, are generally considered no more than a barren waste, but these are an exception to the general For nearly three months, through the sumrule in this country. mer, nearly every mountain pass is teeming with human life. Here among these mountains have been reared some of the largest hotels in the country, which, in elegance of finish and magnitude, would Here are represented all the style vie with any city on the globe. and fashion of society, from the belles of New- York and Boston, eclipses their to the tidy waiter girls of Coos, who pass them their savory dishes ; from the millionaire and man of fashion to the simple fisherman, with his basket on his shoulders, and rod in hand, or the bold mountaineer with his braded staff and hook ready to scale the and brave the dangers of the lofty mountain sides. The numwho visit these mountains and vicinity, through the season, is estimated at not less than 20,000, making a constant population, including help, of 8,000 from two to three months. The amount derived from this source alone is not less than $ 1, 000,000, and these mountains are of more value to the county, than are the rich meadow lands on the Connecticut. Most of the ungranted lands are within the limits of the county, viz. Dartmouth College, Gilmanton and Atkinson Academies Wentworth's Location, Crawford's Grant; also Carlisle No. 1, Webster No. 2, and Hubbard's No. 3. Rivers and Lakes. The Androscoggin and its tributaries water its north-eastern portion the Connecticut and its branches, the most important of which are Hall's, Indian, Mohawk, Upper Ammonoosuc, Israel's and John's rivers, water the western portion, while branches of the Saco and Lower Ammonoosuc water the steeps ber of people ; southern part. A large portion of Umbagog Lake lies in the east- ern section, and the chain of Connecticut Lakes lies in the northern section of the county, and they are the most important bodies Much of the water power remains unimproved. The improved horse water power is 4,449. Boundaries. North-west and north by Canada, east by Maine, south by Carroll and Grafton counties, and west by Vermont. It contains 26 towns, five of which were incorporated in the reign of George III., and the remainder by the State government. Incorof water. �400 coos. porated December 24, 1803, under the name of Coos, which is the Indian name of the Connecticut, and signifies crooked. The Shire towns are Colebrook, in the northern judicial district, and Lancaster, in the southern. Agriculture. It but it is is a little too far north for the raising of much fruit, the best county in the State for grass and grain, and attention given to the growing of livestock. is Some much of the fiuest can be found in Whitefield, and in the The total value of farm pioductions, is $1,395,063 annually; improved land, 120,000 acres, or $ 11.62 to each acre. In Illinois it is $ 10.87 to the acre. farm lands in the State, river towns, on the Connecticut. The manufacturing of lumber is the most extenmore than half of the manufactured products in the county. 2,634,000 clapboards, 21,176,000 shingles and laths, and 86,650,000 feet of boards and dimension timber are annually sawed, and valued at $ 1,427,800. There is flour and meal, % 169- Manufactories. sive business, being 000, leather, $101,000, paper, $40,000, woolens, $ 12,000, starch, $ 143,000, besides, carriages, machine shop and foundry work, and mechanical work, annually produced, the total amounting to over $ 2,582,000. (See tables.) Valuation and Taxation. Assessed valuation, in 1872, $ 4,946,910 — true value, $ 7,420,365. The State, county, was $98,272.95, or 19f mills on the dollar town and school tax —true per cent. 13£ mills. Churches. There are 24 churches, and 23 church ber of seatings, 5,050, or 35 per cent, of its edifices population ; num- —value of church property, $ 49,500. There are 148 Schools. of scholars — boys, 1,954, schools, 11 of girls, 1,749 ; which are graded ; number average attendance at schools through the year, 2,151, or 60 per cent.; average length of schools value of school houses and lots, $ 48,125 for the year, 16 weeks, ; annual amount of money appropriated for school purposes, $ 17, 779, or $ 4.78 to each scholar in the county. Railroads. The White Mountains Eailroad extends from Beth- lehem to Northumberland, and forms a junction with the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railroad which extends from Maine line to Vermont line. These lines of roads will convey persons direct to almost any section of the country county 75. ; number miles of railroads in the (See tables.) Miscellaneous. Population in 1870, 14,932 —males, 7,955, fe- �GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE STATE. males, 6.977; foreign, 1,015 crime — natives, 2 support, $ 14,560. ; paupers ; colored, 10 —natives, 80 Number persons convicted ; foreign, 60 ; of deaths for the year, cent.; ; of expense of — 83 males, and number died over 80 years of age, 7, number died with disease of the lungs, 52, 79 females 401 ; or over 4 per or over 32 per cent, of all the deaths. GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE STATE. New-Hampshire is bounded north by Canada East, east by Maine, by the Atlantic Ocean and Massachusetts, south by Massachusetts, and west and north-west by Vermont and Canada East. It is situated between 42° 40' and 45° 16' north latitude, and 70° 35' and 72° 27' longitude west from Greenwich, or 5° 30' and 6° 15 longitude east from Washington. Its extreme length running north and south is 168 miles. Greatest width, measuring south-east v from the easternmost point in the town of Rye due west to the Connecticut River, is 90 miles. North of latitude 43° it gradually decreases in width, and at its northern extremity is only 19 miles wide. The area is 9,280 square miles, or 5,939,200 acres, of which about 100,000 are covered with water. The State is divided into ten counties and 236 towns and besides several grants in Carroll, Grafton and Coos the towns three were incorporated in the reign of Charles during the reign of Gharles II., two under William der Queene Anne, fifteen under George George 86 under George I., cities, counties. III., I., Of one two ununder thirty-seven and 90 under State government. hills, valleys and plains, dotted with silver lakes and lined with sparkling streams. The soil is varied, some being of the best quality, and some more sterile and requirnig more cultivation, but the advantages of a home market largely make up for some of its hard and rough soil, and The II., surface is III., diversified with mountains, there are but few States in the Union, which produce larger crops than New-Hampshire. Its mountain streams furnish some of the best water power in the world, which has built up manufacturing cities and large villages in every section of the to the acre �GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE STATE. 402 Around these villages are fine farms and thrifty farmers, who always find a ready market for all their surplus productions, Their sons and daughters, who do not prefer at advanced rates. agriculture, can find other employments near their own homes, State. either in teaching, mercantile or mechanical to suit the diverse genius of all classes. It work of every variety is a noted fact that the any country with mountains, hills valleys, more diversified plains, lakes and rivers, the more diversified are the people who Nature never designed that live there in their occupations of life. the gifts or ingenuity of all men should be alike, any more than it designed that they should look alike, and if they are placed in a position where there is no chance to receive the rudiments to develop their natural genius, it must always remain latent, and they or the world will never receive any benefit from the gifts which nature has bestowed upon them. The employments af the people of is New-Hampshire which they ; are as varied as the surface of the country in While New-Hampshire manufactures 148 live. differ- ent kinds of goods, Georgia, with three times the population, pro- duces only 65 ; Illinois, tants, produces 210, with eight times the number of inhabi- and Massachusetts 325. If a person's genius not adapted to the profession which he pursues through life, one half of his time is thrown away. Two men are brought up on farms is in Illinois — one is a natural farmer, while the other machinist, but he does not know it, and in those is a natural broad prairies no chance to find it out, so he leads an indolent life all his and is called lazy by his neighbors, while the other man is days, prosperous and happy. If this natural machinist had lived in New England, he would have found out his calling and followed The greater the variety of labor in any country, the more rapid it. there is the accumulation of wealth and the more general the diffusion of among the people. If Illinois, in proportion to its it population, had as many men and women employed as New-Hampshire, it would set 26,360 males and 76,690 females at work who are now lying idle, and are consumers instead of producers, and if paid the same wages as others receive who work in that State, they would earn enough in five years to build and equip all the railroads now running through Illinois. This is enough to show that hills and mountains in any country are no curse to the inhabitants, •but rather a blessing and far preferable to continuous broad plains, if they are fertile and productive. �GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE STATE. 403 Agriculture. As we have said, much of the territory of NewHampshire is unfit for cultivation, being broken in the northern section by lofty mountains, while in the southern portion a large majority of the inhabitants are engaged in manufacturing. The best farming district of the State, or where more of the peo- ple are engaged in agriculture than all the other professions, is in the Connecticut River valley, or the towns bordering on that river, being twenty-five in number, and extending from Hinsdale, Massachusetts line, to Clarksville in Coos County. on Six of these towns, respectively, do a manufacturing business of over $ 350,000, annually, two of them amounting to over $1,200,000 each; but the main business is agriculture, through this valley. In 1870 these twenty-five towns contained a population of 40,4:63 inhabitants, and the area of improved land, including pastures, was 375,820 acres. The intervals and meadows are very rich and productive, but in many places are narrow, and the widest points do not extend more than one mile from the river to the hills, which generally rise quite abrupt, The first fifteen making the finest pastures in the country. towns, from Massachusetts up as far as Bath, pro- duce large crops of corn, but the towns above that point, are too make it a lucrative business. These fifteen towns an- far north to nually produce over 247,000 bushels of corn, or more than onefifth of the corn produced in the State. cellent for sheep, and The hill pastures are ex- this valley contains two-fifths of all the sheep grown in the State, viz. 94,923, the whole number being 248,760. The total value of all kinds of agricultural products annually raised, It is $ 3,759,203, or $ 92.90 to each inhabitant of the valley. this is one of the best farming must be remembered, although districts in the State or country, still there is a large manufacturing done, but State. Many men who less amount of in proportion than the rest of the are rated as farmers do considerable me- The whole amount paid chanical work during the year. chanical labor, annually, is for me- $1,327,000, or about $32.84 to each The number of persons engaged in professional services, trade, and transportation, is 2,500, earning $ 1,500, 000 annually, or $ 37.00 to each person. The total amount annuperson in the district. ally received for labor, including or $ 162.79 to every man, New-Hampshire farm productions, woman and is $6,581,203, child in the valley, on. the side of the river. Probably there are but few districts of this area of territory, �404 GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE STATE. where farming which can equal is occupation of the inhabitants the principal For the information New-Hampshire farmers a few comparisons will be given of other rich farming districts in this country, to show that there are but few localities where the people earn more money than in the Connecticut Valley, and if possible to dispel this false idea that more money can be earned in the West than in New England. Madison County, in Illinois, which contains the city of Alton, is considered and is one of the best farming districts in the State. In 1870 there were 44,131 inhabitants in the county, and 357,000 this district in its resources. of the acres of improved land, annually producing 1,207,181 bushels winter wheat, corn, being six times the amount number bushels of corn raised in of New-Hampshire. The total value of agricul- and 2,127,540 bushels of wheat and nearly double the the whole State tural productions of all varieties was $3,727,000, or $84.41 to each person in the county, it annually pays for mechanical labor 1586,591, or $ 13.29 to each inhabitant. The number of people en- gaged in professional services, trade and transportation is 2,700, and annually earning $ 1,620,000, or $ 36.^2 to each person. The total amount annually received for labor of all professions and including agricultural productions, $ 5,913,789, or 813-4.52 to every in- is habitant, and being $ 28.27 less for each person in the county than in the twenty-five towns in the Connecticut Valley. of Madison county now have a surplus left If the people over their expenditures, and their receipts were as large as in the New-Hampshire district, w ould annually increase this surplus $1,247,583, or enough to build and equip forty miles of railroad. These statements are no fiction, but are taken from official statistics and show conclusively that the great farming districts in Illinois do not compare with it 7 the agricultural district in the Connecticut Valley, in its resources from labor. Windsor County, in the State. in Vermont, is the largest agricultural county It contains a population of 36,063, and has 398,106 acres of improved laud, with an annual production of $ 3,479,098, or $ 96.18 to each person. There is annually paid for mechanical labor, $ 655,495, or $ 18.19 to each person. 2,200 are engaged in and transportation, who annually receive for their services, $ 1,320,000, or $36.90 to every inhabitant in the county. The total amount annually received for labor, induing farm productions, was $ 5,454,593, or $ 151.28 to each person professional business, trade �GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE STATE. and $ 11.51 than the Connecticut less district in 405 New-Hampshire. This valley has the capacity of maintaining a population of 100, 000, when the inhabitants are fully aware that they have the best A railroad passes and finest farming district in the Union. through or near every town except three in the district. In 1872 the people gave in under the law, $ 1,714,607 as money on hand or ' at interest, and in stocks, and the State treasurer returned to their banks in the credit $ 1,246,199 as deposited in the various savings The towns belonging to the Connecticut valley in New Hampshire, are Hinsdale, Chesterfield, Westmoreland and Walpole in Cheshire County Charlestown, Claremont, Cornish and Lebanon, Hanover, Lyme Orford, Plaintield in Sullivan County Piermont, Haverhill, Bath, Monroe, and Littleton in Grafton County Dalton, Lancaster, Northumberland, Stratford, Columbia, Colebrook, Stewartstowu, and Clarksville in Coos County. State. : ; ; There are other fine larming districts in the State, but none as There are ten or twelve towns in the vicinity of Win- extensive. nipiseogee Lake, the larger portion of the it One which are good agricultural towns. ton) in proportion to State, being population, its is number lying south of of these towns, (San born- the best tarming town in the § 172. to each person in town, in its agricultural pro- ductions. The number of acres of improved land, in the State, is 2,334,483 ; wood-land, 1,047,690 acres; value of farms, $ 80,589,313; farming implements, $ 3,459,943 ; total amount annually paid the farms, including board, $2,319,164; on farm lor labor total value of all productions, including betterments, $ 22,473,547, or $ 70.67 to each inhabitant in the State. The number of persons from ten years of age and upwards, engaged in farming, is 54 fuller details, see to each person thus employed. For 46,593, averaging $482. agricul- tural tables. Manufactories. As has been seen in the foregoing pages, the people are largely engaged in manufacturing, and it is increasing rapidly in all sections of the State. It should be remembered that in looking over the value of goods annually produced in the various towns and manufactories, the amount of receipts vary largely from the sum paid for labor, whol- ly through the value of the raw material before it is wo.ked. In about one sixth the value of the whole goods after they are manufactured, boots and shoes over one quarter, cotton goods, labor is �GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE STATE. 406 woolen, nearly one sixth, furniture and carriages, one third, leather tanned, one ninth, lumber, one fourth, flour and meal, one thir- ty-second part, stone dressed, over one half, and cotton prints, one twentieth. For factories in instance, they pay in the cotton and print manu- Dover, for labor, $ 570,000, and annually produce goods viz. prints and cotton cloths, to the value of $ 4,687,000 in the stone yards and ledges at Concord, they pay $ 350,000 for help, ; and sell stone to the towns where grist amount of $ 700,000. It will also be seen, in and lumber mills are the principal manufacto- that the pay is rated small, for the reason that men are not employed through the season, or all the time, consequently, they ries, are only paid for labor done. Cotton Manufactories. The manufacturing of cotton goods, of various kinds, exceeds that of any other business in the State, the sales amounting to 242,955,000 yards valued at $ 30,612,000. The value of goods manufactured, has increased over $ 8,000,0000 within four years. (See tables.) Boots and Shoes. State. This branch is the next largest business in the 4,867 males, and 846 females are employed, who annually receive for their labor, $ 2,721,000 and manufacture 9,588,000 pairs men's and women's boots, shoes and brogans, valued at $ 11,706, 000. Much of the stock for these shoes is cut out in the large bout and shoe manufacturing establishments in Massachusetts, and sent The larginto New-Hampshire to be worked into boots and shoes. er portion of those, made in Rockingham County, come from these (See Rockingham County, also tables.) manufactories. Woolen Goods. Woolen goods come next in the amount of re$ 9,222,000, annually. All kinds of woolen fabrics are manufactured, such as carpets, horse blankets, beavers, tricots, cassimeres, flannels, of all varieties, delaines &c. In Franklin are manceipts, viz. ufactured fancy shirting flannels, of the finest quality, there being The above cotton and do not include cotton and woolen hose manufacwoolen goods nearly thirty different styles or patterns. tured. Iron and Machine Work. Next in order is the iron and ma- chine work, which amounts to over $ 7,500,000 annually. This branch of business has increased very rapidly since 1870, especially in Manchester and Nashua. Lumber. This business is an important branch, and is increasing from year to year, but the worst feature of it is, that the raw �GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE STATE. material exhaustive, aud is statistics are hard pared for market. in many the labor and the lumber pre- In some instances the labor down of the cutting the other cases, it commences The reckoned from is ready for the market, while tree,- till it is the expense of the labor. The lumber disappearing. fast is sum up between to 407 at the mill, which per thousand, price not half is lumber for standing, (especially in the northern section of the State,) is nominal, compared with that of the sawed timber, ready for the whole increase is and in labor, capital, given in as $ 1,209,600 annually, merely sale, and The labor here profit. no doubt, more than There are 762 saw mills in the State, representing a capital of $ 3,272,000, employing 3,392 hands, a part, or whole of the year, who are represented, as annually receiving for their labor, $ 1,209,600, and sawing 6,528,000 clapboards, 69,508,000 shingles and laths, and 305,048,000 feet of boards and falls short, $ 1,000,000 of the true amount. dimension timber valued at $ 5,174,900. This amount includes lumber sawed, planed, and grooved. The next important Tanneries. The number ed, $ 927,000 year, is 693 ; of tanneries ; business the State, is tanning leather. is 71 capital invest- ; number of hands employed, the whole or part of the annual pay-roll, $347,500; value of leather tanned, The currying $ 3,265,100. in business and dressed skins, is about $ 1,720,000 annually. The paper manufactures have increased their business The receipts, at that time, were Paper. over fifty per cent since 1870. $ 1,913,635 at the present time ; it is nearly $ 3,000,000 annually. The number of persons employed Hosiery. in this business, is 295 males, and 880 females; value of goods manufactured, $ 2,016, There are but three States in the Union which exceed New000. Hampshire in this branch of industry. Furniture, Chairs, &c. The (See tables.) receipts from this business, are over $ 2,000,000 annually. The above are some of but there are many the most important branches of industry others that are important, such as flour and sash, blinds, and doors, $ 700,000 meal productions, $ 3,563,400 carriages, of all kinds, freight and passenger cars, $ 650,000 ; ; $ 1,100,000 ; potato starch, $ 400,000 dressed, $ 1,000,000 ; ; harnesses, 3 500,000 musical instruments, $ 200,000 ; ; granite agricultural implements, $ 275,000 &c. The total number of manufactories, of all kinds, in the State, is �GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE STATE. 408 The steam horse power is now rated at 9,262 the improv3,389. ed water power, 69,254; capital invested, $ 42,562,900 males em; ; ployed, 31,409 $ 19,945,500 value of ; annual amount paid for labor, goods manufactured, $ 95,995,500. This females, 16,667 ; all ; an increase, in vajue of goods, of over § 24,000,000, since 1870. Productions of the soil. $ 22,473,547 mechanical laResources. debor $ 19,995,500 stocks and money at interest, $ 10,454,187 is ; ; ; posits in savings banks, in the State, * § 22,132,399 ; stock in trade, The $8,362,586. assessed valuation of the State, in 1872, was These assessments are made on a basis of two-thirds $ 153,187,177. For instance, a town having savings bank deposits of $ 150,000, was only placed at S 100,000 in assigning the proportional tax, which belonged to the of the actual value of the property assessed. several towns to pay as their share of the State tax, on every one thousand dollars raised. This is expressly against the law, provided for in the assessment of property for taxes, but a constant ing practice goes far ahead of any The 919; total total 768,582.73 75 number in 1873, ; of ratable polls, in the State, in 1872, was 82, town debts ; total it in the State, over available assets, ; engaged ; the total State debt, in 1872, in 1873, $ 4,132,160.82. Professional Business, &c. shire, was $4, tax committed to the collectors was $ 2,610,263. was S 2,376,495.03 was $ 4,138,124.26 and grow- New-Hampshire Statute Law. in professional In 1870, there were in business, New-Hamp- trade and transportation, 27,046 persons, or 85 per cent, of the population. This class consists of clergymen, physicians, lawyers, bankers, teachers, of every pro- merchants, peddlers, soldiers of U. S. army, hotel keepers, fession, clerks, booi-c-keepers, day laborers, hucksters, railroad and express managers, and their employees, telegraph operators, a basis, call their pay each at S 600 per annum, and to $ 16,227,600. if This is is &c. As would amount much higher, The stock and money at in- a low estimate, and might be the actual figures could be obtained. terest sailors, it probably over $ 20,000.000, for it depends wholly on the statement of those persons holding them, and they use the argu- ment that other people are not taxed on the full value of their property. New-Hampshire have over $ 10,000,000 deposited in the This takes out of New-Hampshire $100,000 as taxes, anil places $75,000 in the treasury of Massachusetts. The people of New-Hampshire have always catered to the interests of the Bay State. * It is estimated, that the people of TBrious savings banks in Massachusetts. �RAILROADS. The Total Income. (including farm $ 19,995,500 ; total income of productions, 409 people in the State, all the $ 22,473,547 mechanical ; deposits in savings banks, S 1,328,000 ; labor, on on deposits in savings banks professional services, etc., $ 16,227,600 ; interest on stocks, bonds, and money at out of the State, $ 60 ^,000 ; interest, $ 1,200,000 $ 61,824,644, or % 200 to each person in is ) ; interest the State, and over $ 748 to eyery ratable poll. No State west of the Alleghany Mountains has as large a re- source, in proportion to its population, as New-Hampshire, by over $ 15 to each inhabitant, and the great commercial State of York is cities of lars to The no better. New- resources of New-Jersey, between the New- York and Philadelphia, fall short more than ten two dol- each person in the State. RAILROADS. Thirty-five years ago there was not a length of railway track in New-Hampshire. way At that date no iron horse had ever wound its beside her river banks or through her mountain passes, and his had never echoed through her deep, dark forests but day nearly every hamlet in the State can hear the clarion sound of the locomotive and see the white, curling smoke as it hovers o'er shrill whistle ; to the track of the swift passing train. New-Hampshire has now, 1874, over 890 miles of railroad, owned by thirty-two corporate companies, and built at an expense of over S 30,000,000. As a the general thing, the railroads of this State have been undei management of respectable and business men, who have not pocketed the stock nor profits of the roads, at the expense of the stock-holders. It may be true that some roads have been built at a greater expense than what the business on them will pay, and the may have depreciated in value, but the only parties that have made any money by it are the public, and the people in the towns stocks through which such roads pass. There have never been any such bare-faced swindles in this State, in rail-road speculations, as those perpetrated on the noted, staid, and industrious people of Vermont, where the whole expense of the first construction of their roads, �410 RAILROADS. has been squandered, or found its way into the pockets of better fitted to grace the cells of a State's prison than the men manage- ment of auy railroad. The following gives the standing and number of miles of rail-road and the towns through which they pass or touch. There may be some errors in stating all the towns, for in many instances it touches the town but a few rods, while in others it lacks but that distance. Ashuelot Railroad. This road extends from Keene to South Vernon, Vermont. It leaves Keene and passes through Swanzey, Winchester and Hinsdale. Distance in New-Hampshire, 23 miles. Miles annually run by passenger trains, 15,995 by freight trains, ; 32,150 miles. This road is leased to the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railway. Grand Trunk Railway, of Canada, for the term of 999 years; and leads from Portland, Maine, to Montreal, Canada. It passes in New-Hampshire through the towns of Shelburn, Gorham, Berlin, south-east corner of Dummer, Stark, Northumberland and Stratford on the Connecticut river. Whole distance in the State, 52 miles. Miles run by all trains, 885,313 annually. Extends from Boston Boston and Maine Railroad. to South Berwick, Maine, 74 miles, thence on the Boston and Maine Extension to Portland. In this State, it passes through the towns of Atkinson, Plaistow, Newton, Kingston, East Kingston, Exeter, South Newmarket, Newmarket, Durham, Madbury, Dover, Rollinsford Great Falls branch, and Somersworth, distance about 35 miles. 3 miles. Annual receipts from passengers, $ 1,092,600, freight, — $ 813,000, mails, $ 14,000, rents, $ 43,000. R Extends from Concord, Boston, Concord and Montreal tilroad. through Canterbury, Northfield, Tilton, Belmont, Laconia, Gilford, Meredith, New-Hampton, Ashland, north corner of Bridgewater, Plymouth, south-west corner of Campton, Rumney, Wentworth, Warren, south-west corner of Benton, Haverhill to Wells River, Vermont, distance, 93 miles. This is road, under one control, in the State, the longest continued line of and Receipts— from passengers, $231,000, is well managed. freight, $417,000, mails, $ 10,000, express, $ 8,000. Extends from Bellows Falls, in Vermont, Westmoreland, south-west corner of Surry, Cheshire Railroad. through Walpole, Keene, Rindge Marlborough, Troy, Fitzwilliam, to Winchendon, Mass. Whole south-west corner of length of road, 53 miles; �411 KAILROADS. in New-Hampshire, about 42 J This road miles. is the connecting link between Burlington (through Rutland) and Boston. The num- ber of passengers carried one mile on this road, in 1872, was 6,139, 685 tons of freight, one mile, 22,909,589. ; year, from all sources, $824,763.34 Concord Railroad. sett, ; Total receipts, for the total expenses, $ 640,912.16. Extends from Concord, through Bow, Hook Manchester, Bedford, Merrimack to Nashua, 35 miles. road has two tracks, and is Thi& one of the best lines in the country for the distance, the annual receipts amounting to over $ 1,040,000, and the expenses, $ 688,226. The number of passengers carried one mile, 13,333,060. Contoocook River Railroad. Henniker to Extends from Hopkinton, through Hillsborough Bridge, distance, 15 miles. Receipts, $ 44,000, expenses, % 30,000. Concord and Portsmouth Railroad. Extends from Concord, through Pembroke, Allenstown, Hooksett, Manchester, Auburn, Candia, Raymond, Epping, South Newmarket, Stratham, Green- land and Portsmouth, distance, 58 miles. This road is run in conand under the management of the Concord Railroad, and its cars are run over their track through Hooksett. Dover and Winnipiseogee Railroad. Extends from Dover, through Rochester, Farmington, New-Durham to Alton Bay, where it connects with Steamboats to various points on Lake Winnispeogee. The whole length of road is 28J miles. It is under the management of the Boston and Maine Railroad. Eastern Railroad, in New-Hampshire. This, with the Eastern Railroad of Massachusetts, and the Portland, Saco and Portsmouth, connects Boston with Portland, distance, 107 miles, That portion in New-Hampshire is 16 miles, and extends through Seabrook, Hampton Falls, Hampton, North Hampton, Greeuland, west corner of Rye, and Portsmouth. nection, with Peterborough and Shirley Railroad. The length of this road, in New-Hampshire, is about 91 miles, and extends from Massachusetts line through Mason, south border of Wilton to Greenville. It is managed by the Fitchburg Railroad. Manchester and Lawrence Railroad. Extends from Manchester, through Londonderry, Derry, Windham, Salem, to Lawrence, MasThe distance in this State, is about 22£ sachusetts 26 miles. — miles. Receipts of the road, $ 177,000 managed by the Concord Railroad. ; expenses, $ 76,000. It is �412 RAILROADS. Manchester and North Weare Railroad. Extends from Manchesto Weare, 19 miles. It is under the management of the Concord Railroad. Merrimack and Connecticut River Railroad. Extends from Concord, through Hopkinton, Warner, the southern portion of Sutton through Goffstown, north-east corner of New-Boston, ter, to Bradford, 27 miles. It is managed by Receipts, $ 131,000 the Northern Railroad. ; expenses, $ 101,000. This road together with the Sugar River, and Contoocook Valley Railroad, have been formed into one corporation, called the Concord and Claremont (N. H.) Railroad. Monadnock Railroad. Extends from Winchendon, Mass., to Its length, in New-Hampshire, is 13J miles, and extends through Rindge, Jaffrey and Peterborough. This is a new road with no through connection on any of the great lines, but it now pays more than the running expenses. Mount Washington Railroad. This road extends from the base of the White Mountains, to the summit of Mount Washington, Peterborough, 15| miles. It has been built at about three miles. 000, and like now pays more than running any other road of a visit to the mountains. is Fare is un- its track in the itself and worthy up and down, $ 4. This is a new road, and the a novelty in — up, $ Nashua, Acton and Boston Railroad. cars went over The track in the world, and, together with the invention of the brakes to hold the train, first an expense of nearly $ 200, expenses. summer 3. of 1873. It forms a con- necting link, which gives a direct railroad communication between northern and central New-Hampshire, with Providence, New-Bedford and other cities in that section of Massachusetts and Island. in It is New-Hampshire. Nashua and Lowell. a quarter of which double track and is is It may Extends to Lowell, fourteen miles, five from Nashua to Massachusetts line. and It has a one of the best managed roads in the State. Cost of road, $ 737,000 % 521,000. Rhode nearly twenty miles in length, about five of which are ; annual receipts, be necessary to $ 603,000 state, that the ; expenditures Wilton, Stony Brook, Salem and Lowell, and Lowell and Lawrence railroads are managed by the Nashua and Lowell, and the above is the total receipts and expenditures, of Nashua and Rochester. all these roads. A new road now being built, and It extends from Nashua, through Hudson, north- ern part of Pelham, Windham, Deny, Hampstead, Saudown, Fre- nearly finished. �413 RAILROADS. mout, Epping, Lee, Barrington to Rochester, about forty-eight miles. Northern Railroad. Extends from Concord, through Boscawen, Franklin, Andover, Wilmot, Danbury, Grafton, south-west corner of Orange, Canaan, north-west corner of Enfield and Lebanon to White Vermont length of road, 69£ miles. owned by the Northern, extends from FrankAnnual receipts, through Hill to Bristol, thirteen miles. River Junction, The lin, 8 706,000 748 in Hartford, ; Bristol Branch, ; expenses, $ 545,000. Passengers carried one mile, 8,060, freight carried one mile, 25,057,849 lbs. ; Extends from East Wilton, through Peterborough Railroad. Lyndeborough and Greenfield to Peterborough, about 16J miles. It is now being built, and nearly completed. Portland and Ogdensburg. Extends from Portland, Maine, and cars run to Upper Bartlett, seventy-two miles, of which twenty-two are in New-Hampshire, running from Maine line, through Conway to Bartlett. When completed it will extend through the White Mountain passes, through Carroll, Whitefield and Dalton to the Connecticut River. Portland and Rochester. Extends from Portland to Rochester, only three miles of the road being within the limits of New-Hamp- shire. Portsmouth and Dover. ed ; Is now being built, and nearly complet- extends from Portsmouth, through Newington to Dover, eleven miles. Portsmouth, Great Falls and Con-way. Extends from the Great Falls Junction, on the Eastern Railroad, in Maine, to North Conway. In New-Hampshire it runs from Great Falls, through Rochester, Milton, Wakefield, Ossipee, Madison to North Conway, six- ty-five miles. Suncook Valley Railroad. Extends from Hooksett, through Al17* miles. The road is under the management of the Concord Railroad. Sugar River Railroad. Extends from Bradford, through Newbury, Sunapee and Newport to Claremont Junction, on the Sullivan Railroad, 29 miles. It is managed by the Northern Railroad. lenstown and Epsom to Pittsfield, Extends from Windsor, Vt., through. CornClaremont and Charlestown to Bellows Falls, Vt., 26 miles. It operated by the Central Vermont Railroad Co., at an annual rent Sullivan Railroad. ish, is of $ 25,000. Receipts, $210,000 ; expenses, $ 151,000. �414 RAILROADS. Extends from Woodville, in Haverthrough Bath, Lisbon, Littleton, Bethlehem, Whitefield, Dal- White Mountain Railroad. hill, ton and Lancaster to Northumberland, and forms a junction with The length of the road, managed by the Boston, Concord the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railroad. completed, is 42 miles. It is and Montreal Railroad. Wilton Railroad. Extends from Nashua, through the southwest corner of Merrimack, southern part of Amherst and Milford to East Wilton, 15£ miles. The road is under the control of the Nashua and Lowell Railroad. Extends from Wolfeborough, Woljeborough Branch Railroad. through Brookfield to Wakefield, and forms a junction with the Great Falls and Conway Railroad. The length of the road is 12 The cars commiles, and it is managed by the Eastern Railroad. menced running over the track in 1872. Worcester and Nashua. This road extends from Worcester to Nashua, and is the connecting line from Central New-Hampshire It is forty-six miles to New York City, Albany, Niagara Falls, &c. in length, of which about six and one half miles, are in New-Hamprunning through the south-east corner of Hollis, to Nashua. shire ; The length of all the Railroads in the State finished, or nearly completed, in January, 1874, is Ashuelot, Atlantic & 131 52 Lawrence, Boston, Concord & Montreal, .. 93 Boston & Maine with Gt. F. B.* 38 St. Ports., Gt. Falls 28£ Suncook Valley, Sugar River, 48 . . . & Conway, .82£ 9£ 164 22 3 11 . . .65 17£ 22£ Sullivan County, 19 White Mountain, 29 26 42 27 Wilton, 15£ 131 Wolfeborough, Worcester & Nashua, 12 16 Eastern, & Lawrence, & North Weare, Merrimack & Conn. River, Manchester Manchester Monadnock, Mount Washington, Nashua & Acton, Nashua & Lowell, is Rochester, 58 35 line, & 15 421 Concord, Contoocook, Concord & Portsmouth, Dover & Winnipiseogee, * This road Nashua Northern & Bristol Branch, Peterborough & Shirley, Peterborough, Portland & Ogdensburg, Portland & Rochester Portsmouth & Dover, Cheshire, Maine nearly as follows, officially called as only twenty-five miles. . . 3 6£ 41 5£ 893 running in New-Hampshire, from Massachusetts line It is about thirty-five miles. to �THE PRESS OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 415 THE PRESS OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE Daniel Fowle, the printer in first Boston to Portsmouth day, October 7, 1756. ; number bearing date ThursThis paper when laid open measured seven- New-Hampshire Gazette, the the New-Hampshire, came from October and established in 1756, early in by ten. Mr. Fowle had deeply first teen inches first felt the pangs of a stifled press editorial breathed forth that ple are entitled to, his — liberty in a free country, if and all peo- and which the newspaper press of this country He says: "As the press always claims enjoying to-day. is ; freedom of speech, which it is presumed, that none will be offended, the paper discovers that spirit of freedom which so remarkably prevails in the English Nation." From this small paper commenced the foundation upon which In 1850, there were puband periodicals with a circulation of 19,700, and annually issuing 1,024,400 copies in i860 the number of papers, &c, had increased to thirty-eight, with a circulation of 60,236, and issuing annually, 3,067,552 copies, in the press of this State stands to-day. lished in the State, twenty newspapers ; 1870, there were fifty-one papers and annually &c, with a in this State keeps far ahead in the circulation of 173,919, This shows that the press issuing, 7,237,588 copies. march of progress and im- provement, compared with other branches of industry. The circulation of newspapers &c, in New-Hampshire, is equal United States to one for every person in the State, while in the it is only equal to one for every two persons. NEWSPAPERS PUBLISHED IN THE STATE. Amherst— Farmer's Cabinet, published every Wednesday. EstabE. D. Boylston, Publisher and Editor. Canaan East—The Canaan Reporter, published every Friday. C. O Barney, Editor and Proprietor. CLAREMONT-^The National Eagle, published every Saturday. Established in 1834 T. J. Lasier, Publisher and Editor. lished in 1802 ; ; �THE PRESS OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 416 Claremont—Northern Advocate, lished in 1840; J. published every Tuesday. Estab- Weber, Publisher and Editor. Claremont—The Compendium, published Bi-weekly. Established H. Story, Publisher and Editor. Colebrook Northern Sentinel, published every Friday. Established in 1870; Albert Barker, Publisher and Editor. Concord Concord Daily Monitor, published every evening, except Sunday, and Independent Statesman, published every Thursday. Monin 1870; S. — — . Statesman Building. xtor Established in 1863; lican Press Association ; Weekly, in 1823, Published by The Repub- Edward A. Jenks, Manager. Concord—The Daily Patriot, published every evening, except Sunday. New-Hampshire Patriot, published every Wednesday. Established Daily in 1839 Weekly, C Published by E. and G. G. Bailey. every Thursday. Established in 1868; Charles C. Pearson & Co., Editors and Proprietors. Concord Prohibition Herald, published every Tuesday. Established in 1870; Rev. O. H. Jasper, Editor. Published by C. L. Millen. Dover Dover Enquirer, published every Thursday. Established in 1827; J. R. Varney J. T. S. Libbey, Editors; Libbey & Co., Publishers. Dover Foster's Democrat, published every Saturday. Established in 1871; J. L. Foster Editor; George J. Foster, &*Co. Publishers. Dover Dover Gazette, published every Friday. Established in 1826; Edwin A. Hill, Publisher and Editor. Dover The Morning Star, published every Wednesday. Established in 1826; George E. Day, Editor; I. D. Stewart, Publisher. Dover Dover Local Record, published monthly. Established in 1870 E. O. Foss, Publisher and Editor. Exeter Exeter News- Letter, published every Friday. Established in 1881 Hon. Charles H. Bell, Editor; Charles Marseille*, Publisher and ; Concord—The in 1809. People, published — — — ; — — — — ; ; Proprietor. �THE PRESS OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. ' v 417 W«*u Journal Office, in Burleigh's Block. Franklin— Merrimack Journal, published every Thursday. M. B. Goodwin, Editor. Gkeat Falls Great Falls Journal, published every Saturday. Established in 1867 Edwin Fernald, Publisher and Editor. Hanover The Anvil, published every Thursday. Established in 1873; Edited by members of Junior Class, Dartmouth. — ; — Hillsborough — Hillsborough Bridge Messenger, published every Established in 1869; William M. Sargent, Publisher and Thursday. Editor. Hinsdale — Star Spangled Banner, published monthly. Established H. E. Hunter, Editor, Hunter & Co., Publishers. Hinsdale Hinsdale Mirror, published quarterly. Martin & Co., Editors and Proprietors. in 1863: — — — Keene Cheshire Republican, published every Saturday. Established in 1827; Julius N. Morse, Publisher and Editor. Keene New-Hampshire Sentinel, published every Thursday. Established in 1799; T. C. Rand, Editor; Sentinel Printing Company, Proprietors; C. J. Woodward, Treasurer. Keene The United States, published every Saturday. Established in 1873; H. C. Bartlett, Publisher. Laconia Laconia Democrat, published every Thursday. Established in 1849; O. A. J. Vaughan, Publisher and Editor. Lake Village Lake Village Times, published every Saturday. Established in 1868; Martin A. Haynes, Publisher and Editor. Lancaster Coos Republican, published every Tuesday. Established in 1855; Coos Republican Association, Publishers and Editors. Lancaster Independent Gazette, published every Wednesday. Established in 1871; Emerson, Hartshorn & Co., Publishers and Editors. Lebanon Granite State Free Press, published every Friday. Established in 1844 E. H. Cheney, Publisher and Editor. Littleton White Mountain Republic, published every Thursd'y. Established in 1867 Furber, Publisher and Editor. Geo. — — — — — ; — ; C �THE PRESS OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 418 Loudon Ridge—Household Messenger, Isaac S. French, lished in 1867; M. published monthly. D., Editor; Estab- Messenger Association, Publishers. Loudon Ridge—National in 1866; & Smith Gazette, published quarterly. Established an advertising sheet. Co., Publishers and Editors; Manchester. Manchester Mirror and American, published every evening, except Sunday and Mirror and Farmer, published every Sat urday. John B. Clai-ke, Publisher and Editor. Manchester Manchester Union, published every evening, except Sunday; and Union Democrat, published every Tuesday. Established ; — Daily in 1863 Weekly, ; in 1850 ; Campbell and Hanscom, Publishers and Editors. Manchester— "New-Hampshire Journal of Music, published monthly. Established in 1871 I. S. Whitney, Publisher and Editor. Established December 30, 1873; Mieford Milford Enterprise. George E. Foster, Editor and Proprietor. Nashua. Nashua Telegraph, published every evening, except Sunday and New-Hampshire Telegraph, published every Saturday. Es tablished Daily in 1869; Weekly in 1832; Moore and Langley, Publish; — ; ers and Editors. NAsnuA— Nashua Gazettee and Hillsboro Co. Advertiser, published Established in 1826; B. B. and F. P. Whittemore, every Thursday. Publishers and Editors. Also Daily. Newport New-Hampshire Argus and Spectator, published every Friday. Established in 1824 Carlton and Harvey, Publishers and Ed- — ; itors, Peterborough—Peterborough Transcript, published every Thursday Farnum and Scott, Publishers and Editors. Pittsfield Weekly Star, published every Saturday. Established in Established in 1848; — — John C. Cashman, Publisher and Editor. Portsmouth Portsmouth Chronicle, published every morning, except Sunday, and New-Hampshire Gazette, published every Thursday. Established Daily in 1852; Weekly in 1756; Marston and Freeman, Pub1872; lishers and Editors. Portsmouth — Portsmouth Times, published every evening, except Sunday, and States and Union, published every Friday. Established Daily in 1868 Weekly in 1863 Thayer and Guppy, Publishers and ; ; Editors. Portsmouth—Portsmouth Journal, published every Saturday. EsBrewster, Publisher and Editor. Rochester Rochester Courier, published every Friday. Established in 1864; Charles W. Folsom, Publisher and Editor. Rochester Monthly Miscellany and Monthly Echo. Strafford Corner Monthly Miscellany, published monthly. Established in 1866; George G. Berry, Publisher and Editor. Woi.feborough Granite State News, published every Monday. Established in 1860; Charles H. Parker, Publisher and Editor tablished in 1793; Lewis — — — — W. �419 NATIONAL BANKS. NATIONAL BANKS. The first National Banks established since the commencement of the rebellion of 1861, were in 1863. In October, 1863, there were 66 National Banks; in 1864, 508; in 1865, 1,513; in 1866, 1,644; in 1867, 1,642; in 1868, 1,644; in 1869,1,617; in 1870,1,615; in 1871, 1,767; in 1872,1,919. In 1863, the loans and discounts were $5,466,088; in 1872, it had swelled to the large amount in all the banks, in 1872, The law provided of $872,520,164. The capital invested was $479,629,000. to establish these National Banks is that the United States Treasury a certain amount of United States bonds, and the government will issue to them, 90 per cent, of the amount deposited, in paper bank notes, and guarantee to the public the faithful redemption of The banks receive the inthe notes thus issued, whenever required. terest specified on the bonds besides what they receive from the paper currency, which they loan to the public; and this, together with what they receive on money deposited for safe keeping, makes parties desiring such bank, shall deposit in the a very lucrative business, considering the actual capital invested. This national banking business, is managed by the United States Comptroller of the Currency. �420 STATISTICAL TABLES. TABULAR STATEMENT, Showing the names of National Banks in New- Hampshire, Capital. TOWNS. Charlestown, their Officers and �SAVINGS BANKS. 421 SAVINGS BANKS. Considerable space has been devoted relative to the standing of the several savings banks in the State, as to their present condition and banks, There are no money institutions their officers. which State, in so many in the people have an interest, as in the savings now numbering over 95,000 depositors, with $29,671,114.18 on deposit. They have increased from twenty-one banks, in 1858, to sixty-one, in 1873, having at the first date, 23,463 depositors, with $ 3,588,658.23 on deposit. They were first established as beneficent institutions, to protect the small funds of the earnings of farmers and laborers, who widows and orphans, and receive a trifle more than These savings banks fully establish the they expend. theory of cooperation, and what can be done by it in any branch of busiNo private money monopoly can stand for a ness in the State. moment beside these banks, controled by, 95,000 persons, who own this vast amount of money, nearly all of which has been accumulated within the past fifteen years, and enough to build, and stock, all the cotton factories in the State. Properly conducted savings banks, are an immense advantage to They aggregate small and idle sums, and help up towns in the vicinity where they are located, the spare change is collected, and sent out of the State, the community. largely to build but if all there is a question about the practical benefit of such institutions. It should be remembered that high usury, for money loaned, incurs greater risks. ALTON SAVINGS BANK—ALTON. Charter expires Incorporated 1869. 1889. President Henry Hurd. Treasurer Amos L. Rollins; salary, not fixed; bond, $25,000 copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. — AMOSKEAG SAVINGS BANK—MANCHESTER. Incorporated 1852. President Treasurer Charter perpetual. Moody Currier. Moody Currier salary, $3,800; bond, $ 150,000— a copy on file in office of Secretary of State. Clerks— George B. Chandler, Cashier; C. M. Currier, Teller; G. L. of which ; is Hadley, Book-keeper. ASHLAND SAVINGS BANK—ASHLAND. Incorporated 1872. Charter perpetual. President -Nathaniel Batchelder. Secretary Jonathan F. Keyes salary, $ 200 bond, $25,000 of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. ; ; —a copy �SAVINGS BANKS. 422 ASHUELOT SAVINGS BANK—WINCHESTER. Charter expires 1875. Incorporated 1855. President—Everson Cook. Treasurer—ElleryAlbee; salary, $200; bond, $50,000—a copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. BELKNAP SAVINGS BANK—LACONIA. Charter, 20 years. Incorporated 1868. President— John L. Perley, Treasurer—Benjamin P. Gale; salary, $800; bond, $40,000— a copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. CARROLL COUNTY SAVINGS BANK—WOLFEBOROUGH. Charter expires 1877. Incorporated 1857. President—Blake Folsom. Treasurer John M. Brackett; salary, $1,300; bond, $45,000 copy of which is on file in Office of Secretary of State. — CHESHIRE PROVIDENT INSTITUTION FOR SAVINGS—KEENE. Incorporated 1833. Charter expires 1893. President— Wm. P. Wheeler. Treasurer—Geo. Tilden; salary, $1,500; bond, $100,000—a copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. BANK—MANCHESTER. CITY SAVINGS Incorporated 1859. Charter pei'petual. Joseph Kidder. Treasurer—E. W. Harrington; salary, $2,000; bond, President of which Clerks is on file $50,000—a copy in office of Secretary of State. —Daniel W. Lane, E. W. Harrington, CITY SAVINGS jr., paid by treasurei. BANK—NASHUA. Incorporated 1863. Charter expires 1883. President—E. P. Emerson. Treasurer E. H. Spaulding; salary, $2,500; bond, $ of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. Clerk— L. Farnsworth; salary, $ 1,500. — —a copy 100,000 CONNECTICUT RIVER SAVINGS BANK—CHARLESTOWN. Incorporated 1831. Samuel Webber. George Olcott President Treasurer which is ; on file Charter perpetual. salary, $ 700 ; —a copy of bond, $ 35,000 in office of Secretary of State. CHINA SAVINGS BANK— SUNCOOK. Incorporated 1869. Charter expires 1889. Natt Head. President —a copy Treasurer— C. F. P. Hildreth; salary, $300; bond, $25,000 is on file in office of Secretary of State. of which CONWAY SAVINGS BANK— CONWAY. Incorporated 1869. Charter perpetual. —J. B. Shackford. President Treasurer—Leavitt H. Eastman; salary, $150; bond, $25,000— copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. �423 SAVINGS BANKS. COCHECO SAVINGS BANK— DOVER. Incorporated 1872. Charter expires 1892. President—William B. Wiggins. Treasurer—John C. Plumek; salary to be fixed; bond, $25,000— copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. Clerks Harrison Haley, Henry H. Hough. — DARTMOUTH SAVINGS BANK—HANOVER. Charter expires 1880. Incorporated 1860. Daniel Blaisdell. Treasurer—N. S. Huntington President ; of which is on file salary, $900; bond, $35,000—a copy in office of Secretary of State. DERRY SAVINGS BANK— DERRY. Incorporated 1870. President?—J. Charter expires 1890. W. Noyes. Treasurer—David Currier salary, $250; bond, $25,000—a copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. ; DOVER FIVE CENTS SAVINGS BANK—DOVER. Incorporated 1856. Charter expires 1876. Oliver Wyatt. Treasurer— Calvin Hale; salary, $1,100; bond, $40,000—a copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. President —Isaac F. Abbot — no bonds. Clerk EXETER SAVINGS BANK—EXETER. Incorporated 1851. Woodbridge Odlin. —N. Appleton Shute, President Treasurer of which Clerk is on file Charter perpetual. —a copy (absconded;) bond, $ 25,000 in office of Secretary of State. —Nathaniel Shute. FARMINGTON SAVINGS BANK— FARMINGTON. Incorporated 1868. Charter twenty years. President— G. M. Herring. Treasurer—Thomas F.Cooke; salary $600; bond, $25,000—a copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. FRANCESTOWN SAVINGS BANK— FRANCESTOWN Incorporated 1868. President Treasurer Charter expires George S. Peavy. Thomas B. Bradford; copy of which is on file 1888. salary, $500; bond, $25,000 — in office of Secretary of State. FRANKLIN SAVINGS BANK— FRANKLIN. Incorporated 1869. Charter expires 1889. Austin F. Pike. Treasurer—N. H. Sanborn salary, $ 1,000 which is on file in office of Secretary of State. President ; ; bond, $ 35,000—a copy of FITZWILLIAM SAVINGS BANK—FITZWILLIAM. Incorporated 1871. Charter perpetual. President Stephen Batcheller. Treasurer Milton Chaplin; salary not fixed; bond, $25,000— copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. �424 SAVINGS BANKS. GONIC SAYINGS BANK—ROCHESTER. — Incorporated 1864. Charter expires 1884. President Charles A. Foss. Treasurer Nicholas V. Whitehouse; salary, $200; bond, $25,000 a copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. GORHAM FIVE CENTS SAVINGS BANK— GORHAM. Incorporated 1872. Charter expires 1892. Warren Noyes. Treasurer—R. F. Ingalls; salary, $100; bond, $25,000—a copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. President IONA SAVINGS BANK—TILTON. Incorporated 1870. Asa P. Cate. Treasurer— William T. Cass; Charter perpetual. President of which is on file bond, $25,000—a copy salary, $300; in office of Seeretai-y of State. KEENE FIVE CENTS SAVINGS BANK—KEENE. Incorporated 1868. Charter perpetual. President Samuel Woodward. Treasurer -O. G. Dort; salary, $900; bond, $50,000— a copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. LACONIA SAVINGS BANK— LACONIA Incorporated 1831. Charter perpetual. President Albert G. Folsom. Treasurer Woodbury L. Melcher; salary, $1,000; bond, $40,000 a copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. — LAKE VILLAGE SAVINGS BANK— LAKE VILLAGE. Incorporated 1864. Chartered for twenty years. Benjamin Cole. President Treasurer—Thomas Ham; salary, $300; bond, $25,000—a copy, of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. LEBANON SAVINGS BANK— LEBANON. Incorporated 1869. President Treasurer William S. Charter expires 1889. Ela. — Edward A. Kendrick; salary, $1,000; bond, $55,000 copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. Clerk Amelia L. Foster. — LITTLETON SAVINGS BANK— LITTLETON. Incorpoi'ated 1868. John Farr. Treasurer— Oscar C. Hatch; Charter expires 1888. President of which is on file bond, $25,000— a copy salary, $300; in office of Secretary of State. LOAN AND TRUST SAVINGS BANK—CONCORD. Incorporated 1872. Charter perpetual. President Jonathan E. Sargent. Treasurer John V. Barron salary not fixed bond, $50,000 of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. Clerks Henry J. Crippen, Geo. A. Fernald. ; — ; —a copy �425 SAVINGS BANKS. MANCHESTER SAVINGS BANK—MANCHESTER. Charter perpetual. Incorporated 1846. Newell. Treasurer— Nathan Parker; salary, William President of which on is file P. $3,800; bond, $ 125,000—a copy in office of Secretary of State. Clerks— Charles E. Balch, E. H. Paine, W. M. Parker, paid by Treasurer. MASON VILLAGE SAVINGS BANK—MASON. Charter expires 1890. Incorporated 1870. Samuel Haines. Treasurer— Frank B. Heald; President of which is on file salary, bond, $25,000— a copy ; in office of Secretary of State. MECHANIC'S SAVINGS BANK—NASHUA. Incorporated 1869. Charter expires 1889. President Henry Parkinson. Treasurer Cornelius V.Dearborn; salary, $1,200; bond, $50,000 a copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. Clerk Frederick A. Eaton, paid by Treasurer. — — MEREDITH VILLAGE SAVINGS BANK—MEREDITH. Incorporated 1869. Charter for twenty years. President Joseph W. Lang. Treasurer Seneca A. Ladd; salary, $300, including office room } bond, $25,000 a copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. — MERRIMACK COUNTY SAVINGS BANK—CONCORD. Incorporated 1867. Charter expires 1887. President Lyman D. Stevens. Treasurer John Kimp.all salary not fixed bond, $ 50,000 of which is on file in office of Secretai'y of State. Clerk Frank P. Andrews, salary, $40 per month. —a ; ; copy — MERRIMACK RIVER SAVINGS BANK—MANCHESTER. President Incorporated 1858. Smith. Charter expires 1878. Waterman Treasurer— Frederick Smyth salary, $4,000 bond, $ 100,000 is on file in office of Secretary of State. W. R. Walker, Joshua S. Morrill, paid by Treasurer. ; ; — a copy of which Clerks — MILFORD FIVE CENTS SAVINGS INSTITUTION—MILFORD. Incorporated 1859. Charter expires 1879. President William B. Towne. Treasurer Gilbert Wadleigh salary, $800; bond, $45,000 of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. —a copy ; MONADNOCK SAVINGS BANK—EAST JAFFREY. Incorporated 1869. President Treasurer which is on Charter perpetual. Oscar S. Bradley. Peter Upton; salary, $100; bond, file $25,000 in office of Secretary of State. NASHUA SAVINGS BANK—NASHUA. Incorporated 1854. Charter perpetual. —a copy of �426 SAVINGS BANKS. President^-ISAAC Spalding. Treasurer Edward Spalding; salary, $4,000; bond, $75,000 copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. Clerk G. F. Andrews, $ 1,500 included in treasurer's salary. — — NATIONAL SAVINGS BANK— CONCORD. Incorporated 1867. Charter expires 1887. George A. Pillsbury. Treasurer—William W. StorrS; President copy of which is on file bond, $ 100,000— salary, $3,000; in office of Secretai-y of State. NEW HAMPSHIRE SAVINGS BANK— CONCORD. Charter perpetual. Incoi-porated 1830. Joseph B. Walker. Treasurer— Charles W. Sargent salary, $ 1,500 copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. Clerk—William P. Fiske salary, $ 400. President ; bond, $80,000— ; ; NEW IPSWICH SAVINGS BANK— NEW IPSWICH. Charter perpetual. Incorporated 1849. President James Chandler. Treasurer—W. A. Preston; salary, $300; bond, $ 30,000—a copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. NEWMARKET SAVINGS BANK—NEWMARKET. Perpetual charter. Incoi-porated 1832. President— George W. Kittredge. Treasurer—David Murrat salary, $ 150 bond, $ 25,090 which is on file in office of Secretary of State. ; ; —a copy of NEWPORT SAVINGS BANK—NEWPORT. Incorporated 1868. Charter expires 1888. Dexter Richards. Treasurer— Frederick W. Lewis; President bond, $50,000— salary, $1,000; copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. Clerk John Towne, paid by treasurer. — NORWAY PLAINS SAVINGS BANK—ROCHESTER. Charter perpetual. Incorporated 1851. John Mc Duffee. Treasurer— Franklin Mc Duffee President ; salary, $1,500; — bond, $50,000 copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. Clerk George Mc Duffee, paid by treasurer. — OSSIPEE VALLEY TEN CENTS SAVINGS Incorporated 1868. BANK—FREEDOM. Charter expires 1888. President—Josiah Thurston. Treasurer—Elias Towt le; salary, $125; bond, $25,000—a copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. PETERBOROUGH SAVINGS BANK—PETERBOROUGH. Incorporated 1843. Charter perpetual. President Albert Smith. Treasurer Mortier L. Morrison; salary, $1,000; bond, $75,000 copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. — �427 SAVINGS BANKS. PENACOOK SAVINGS BANK—FISHERVILLE. Charter expires 1889. Incorporated 1869. President—Henry H. Brown. Treasurer Samuel F. Brown salary, $800; bond, $40,000—a copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. ; PITTSFIELD SAVINGS Incorporated 1855. BANK—PITTSFIELD. Charter expires 1875. President—Reuben L. French. Thomas H. Thorndike is on file in office of Secretary of State. Treasurer ; bond, $ 30,000 —a copy of which —John L. French. Assistant Treasurer PORTSMOUTH SAVINGS BANK—PORTSMOUTH. Incorporated 1823. Charter perpetual. William Simes. Treasurer—James F. Shores; President salary, $2,500; bond, $130,000— a copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. Clerk A. C. Hoyt, without bonds. — PORTSMOUTH TRUST AND GUARANTEE COMPANY, PORTSMOUTH. Incorporated 1871. President Treasurer on file Perpetual charter. George L. Tread well. Charles H. Rollins; bond, $35,000 in office of Secretary of State. —a copy of which — — is ROCKINGHAM TEN 'CENTS' SAVINGS BANK—PORTSMOUTH. Incorporated 1867. Aaron Hill. Treasurer— John Christie; Charter expires 1887. President salary, $1,800; bond, $25,000 —a copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. Clerk—Howard N. Durgin, with salary of $1,200, and bond of $6,000. ROLLINSFORD SAVINGS BANK—ROLLINSFORD. Incorporated 1850. President Charter perpetual. —H. R. Roberts. Treasurer— W. H. Morton; salary, $1,500; bond, $ 50,000—a copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. THE COUNTY OF COOS SAVINGS BANK—LANCASTER. Incorporated 1868. Charter, twenty years. Hiram A. Fletcher. Treasurer—Henry O. Kent; salary, President which is on file $200; bond, $25,000— a copy of in office of Secretary of State. SAVINGS BANK FOR COUNTY OF STRAFFORD— DOVER. Incorporated 1824. Charter perpetual. Daniel M. Christie. Treasurer— Charles Woodman; President salary, $1,500; bond, $120,000— copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. Clerk—Albert Mathes, with salary of $ 1,500, and bond of $5,000. SALMON FALLS STATE BANK—ROLLINSFORD. Incorporated 1851. Renewed 1871. Charter expires 1891. �SAVINGS BANKS. 428 — Paesident H. R. Roberts. Treasurer—W. H. Morton; salary, $200; bonds, $50,000—a copy of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. SANDWICH SAVINGS BANK— SANDWICH. Incorporated 1872. President Treasurer file Charter perpetual. Moulton H. Marston. William A. Heard bond, ; $25,000 —a copy of which is on in office of Secretary of State. SOMERSWORTH. SAVINGS BANK— SOMERSWORTH. Charter expires 1885. Incorportaed 1845. —M. C. Burleigh. —J. A. Stickney; President Treasurer which is on file salary, $700; bond, $50.000 —a copy of in office of Secretary of State. SULLIVAN SAVINGS INSTITUTION— CLAREMONT. Incorporated 1838. Charter expires 1878. President Daniel W. Johnson. Treasurer John L. Farwell; salary, $2,700; bond, $70,000 of which is on file in office of Secretary of State. Clerk Albert Rossiter, paid by treasurer. —a copy — UNION FIVE CENTS SAVINGS BANK— EXETER. Incorporated 1868. Charter expires 1888. William B. Morrill. Treasurer— George E. Lane; salary, $300; bond, President which is on file $25,000 —a copy of in office of Secretary of State. WOLFEBOROUGH SAVINGS BANK—WOLFEBORO UGH. Incorporated 1871. President Treasurer which is on Stephen Durgin. Joseph L. Avery file ; Charter perpetual. —a copy of salary, $600; bond, 25,000 in office of Secretary of State. WILTON SAVINGS BANK—WILTON. Incorporated 1864. Charter unlimited. Joseph Newell. Treasurer— Moses Clark; salary, $500; bond, $25,000 a copy of which is on file in office of Setretary of State. President �429 STATISTICAL TABLES. Numbei amount Banks in of Deposits, of Depositors, the State ~ up and total liabilities of to May, 1873. 3 ,5no $ 2,9S2,454 48 102,740 00 67 5j 2 Ashnelot,... 3 Alton, 4 Ashland ! 5 104 112 775 Belknap 2,600 County, Cheshire Provident Institution. 5,860 1,900 City, Manchester, 2,80(1 City, Nashua, 1,162 Connecticut River, 150 Cocheco, 6 Carroll 7 China Conway Dartmouth, ~ Derry, Dover Five Cents, 2,041 1.500 Exeter,... Farmingtou, Francestown, Franklin, Fitzwilliam, Gouic, i Gorham, 341 2.042 3,06 1,005 Laconia Cents,... Lebanon, 366 550 357 Littleton, Lake Village, Loan and Trust, Manchester, Mason 860 442 700 50 168 147 Ioua, Keeue Five 312 221 1,500 16s 5,002 160 823 Village, Mechanics, Meredith Village 395 Merrimack County,.. Merrimack River,. .. Millord Munadnock New-IIamnshire, Nashua, 3,151 4,232 National, Newmarket, New Ipswich, 44|Newport, 665 3,950 1,442 265 3,410 , 579 320 919 1,500 45 Norway Plains, 247 46|Ossipee Valley Peterborough, 1,717 47 48 Penacook,. 1,281 9,ooo 49 Portsmouth 50 Ports'h Trust & Guarantee Co., 600 51 Pittsfield 1,62' 52 Rollinsford 3,096 53 Rockingham, 148 54 Sandwich, 285 55 Savings Bank, Coos County,.... 56 Savings B. for Co. of Strafford.. 4,643 57 Somersworth, 2,100 58 Sullivan Savings Institution,.. 2,142 69 Union Five Cents 622 60 Wilton, 553 61 Wolfeborough, 94 1 Savings 2J= a ® HAmoskeag,. all 7,603 12,191 336,912 491,349 1,672,849 562,068 1,016,377 52 51 77 41 32 40 S-JN9.956 6,250 1,861 12,191 66,911 44,067 :;.". 36 92 51 60 83 119,193 82 31,168 50 70 24-1,800 39 17,592 44,649 51,894 303,218 36,558 393,521 402,517 149,392 107,976 209,732 5,569 40,101 .3 61 89 47 85 33 56 20 81 37 60 51 75 61 61 13,6S1 17,592 23,928 26,103 37,302 8,596 18,f04 42,286 19,282 3,810 90.331 5,569 06 12 39 67 88 22 39 30 51 38 5,467 39 98,744 67 533.411 51 41>i.888 31 305.979 44 63,008 20 101,567 7! 6' 141.391 2,326.079 5: 18.252 56 325,242 42 79,922 66 192,772 90 1,346,896 75 458,818 69 74,204 71 1.088,985 93 1.440.779 13 1,579,829 06 40,434 39 103.882 18 213,348 07 573.536 33 52,964 12 566,001 75 198.192 65 1.937,899 10 349,975 31 128.594 59 636,510 16 425,348 39 26.286 15 27,717 78 1,866,069 90 581.478 84 764.325 03 56,336 10 92,261 67 28.860 91 5,467 39 31,816 58,480 127.574 127,936 47,732 36,124 141,391 215 209 13,054 124.276 26.803 60,029 9,522 44,669 35,171 106,493 215.642 149,636 94 50 89 38 60 75 67 07 40 07 35 65 99 39 79 5S 78 27 3,567 54 3.077 13 60,736 57 17,12" 13,554 00 49,960 214,729 183 136 34,954 125,020 68,526 25.286 91 29 81 59 32 40 15 8,648 78 221,923 12 11,340 71 100,198 47 6,804 85 625 24 28,860 91 $183,742 3,520 879 630 11,169 36,757 21,571 14,915 32,495 5,324 349 61 88 09 22 84 96 39 24 56 23 82 256 26 4,508 22 13,994 13 735 40 16,153 78 4,167 2,476 17,530 18 3,167 184 6,401 38,809 7,577 8.898 3,063 6,416 6,117 119,494 581 14,222 2.598 7,984 55,393 26,894 1,125 100,996 31,925 64.261 31 37 06 98 54 46 53 95 69 87 86 12 37 46 59 56 09 88 01 73 61 37 71 54 26 62 43 15 69 99 93 34 20 12 74 76 49 92 85 20 46 00 81 06 87 04 99 IS. 834 45 41 239.404 98 82.521 07 03 15 92 200,756 93 1,402,289 90 485,713 61 75,-330 39 59 45 1,189.892 1.472,704 1,633,093 41,004 106,010 224,239 593.424 54,581 587.318 52 58 81 970 50 2,127 82 10,891 90 19,S88 1,617 14 21,316 11,798 150,098 107 4,296 39,630 24,077 849 1,066 105,570 31,772 $3,166,197 106,260 8,282 12,821 348,082 528,107 1,694,420 576,983 1,048,873 250,124 17,943 44,906 56,322 317,212 37,294 409,675 414,517 166,360 110,392 227.262 5,588 43.268 5,651 105,146 572.221 426,466 314,877 66,072 107,983 147,509 2,445.573 66 24 45 97 09 87 03 25 33 21 36 739 33 931 98 74 1,070 62 209,990 2,087,997 350,083 132,890 675.141 449.425 27,135 28,784 1,971,640 613,251 765,064 57,268 92,836 29,931 87 89 00 97 79 26 41 89 55 28 68 03 42 40 11 11 20 36 08 46 53 94967 $28,462,539 98'$3,814,321 40 $1,296,242 29 $29,671,114 18 �430 STATISTICAL TABLES. § i ^ H BS cq *&> ^ �STATISTICAL TABLES. ©aocoto t— OS © OS OS •g '>< t-5 1 431 �432 STATISTICAL TABLES. TABULAR STATEMENT. Exhibiting the Number, Condition and Progress of the Savings Banks of NewHampshire, in each year, from 1860 to 1873. inclusive, TEAR. �433 INSURANCE. INSURANCE. There are Town Fire Insurance Companies. fifteen organizations in the State, viz., in Barnstead, Candia, Canterbury, Dunbarton, Lyndeborough, Milford, Northwood, Pembroke, Piermont, The number Strafford, Sutton, Unity, Weare, and Windham. Hollis, of polices now losses for the in operation, is ; amount of risk, $2,136,460; expenses, $ 845.28. This would 2,292, year 1872, $ 2,116 be about $1.90 per year on $1,000 worth of property insured, or less than one per cent, for every five years. Some Mutual Fire Insurance Companies. The Commissioner says " It must be apparent to the most casual them are' dragging out the last thread of a weak and precarious existence. One or two considerable fires, to which they are hourly exposed, must inevitably crush them out." New-Hampshire Fire Insurance Company. E. A. Straw, PresActual Cash Capital, $ 200, ident, John C. French, Secretary. Whole number of polices in force, in 1872, 9,200 amount of 000. risk, $ 10,217,200; amount of loss by fires, and other expenses, $ 60, They 557.31 amount of receipts in the same time, $ 65,904.49. The whole lost by the Boston Fire, in November 1872, $ 8,500. amount of joint stock or guaranteed capital authorized, is $500,000. Foreign Fire Insurance Companies. There are about fifty companies doing business under the laws of the State. The total amount of premium receipts, for 1872, was $432,571.63. The amount of losses by fire, and marine disaster, was $ 269,914.78, leaving a balance of $ 162,556.85, for expenses and interest on of these Companies : observer, that a majority of ; ; Capital. At the first glance this large surplus looks like the in the contribution and five more box one man placing cent, for the benefit of the heathen, to defray the expenses in administering the benefit of the cent to him. But guard against devastating these large fires, But if Hampshire were burned down, the within the past two years. «, premiums are exacted to such as visited Chicago and Boston, all the cities and towns in New- would not be much larger, than the loss caused by the great fire in Boston. No doubt but the premium on risks in large cities like Boston and New York, should be much higher than in the smaller cities and towns in the country, and it appears a little hard for people living in these small cities and towns to be charged to pay these heavy premiums, to loss �434 POST OFFICES. save the various Fire Insurance Companies from loss caused by such occurred in Chicago and Boston. fires as Zdfe Insurance Companies. The number of life insurance com- panies licensed to do business in New-Hampshire, They have grown to large proportions in this State, stantly increasing through the heavy outlay in is thirty-two. and are conadvertising, and the untiring zeal of their agents. The whole number of life polices, now in force in this State, is amount of premiums received, for the year 1872, $ 703,510.37 amount paid on losses and endowments, $161,123.71, leaving a balance of $542,386.66. The 10,000; amount of risks, $ 14,754,725 ; ; expense of agents with their clerks, is about $54,000, annually, which makes the large sum of nearly $ 500,000 that is sent out of the State, more than what is received through loss of life, and interest on premiums. The amount of money which is sent out of the State annually, through fire and life insurance business, is over $600,000 more than what is received from fire and life risks. This allows over $ 100,000 for expenses to manage the business in this State This large amount of money would pay the annual interestalone. on the whole State debt, and defray the expenses of the State government every year. It is to be hoped that the people of this State will look at this question candidly, and establish and sustain institutions of this character belonging to their money No at home. own State, and retain this vast amount of one doubts the practical benefit of both of and their necessity, but we are loth to believe any need of annually sending out of the State, $ 600,000 these institutions, there is more money than is received, to secure the blessings of these institutions, which can be sustained in our own State, through the efficient agents now working for these foreign Companies. NAMES OF ALL THE POST OFFICES IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE, TOGETHER WITH LAWS REGULATING MATTER SENT BY MAIL. New-Hampshire is one of the nine States, in which the receipts exceed the expenditures, the balance being $ 32,500.39, in favor of the State, in 1872. The length of mail route, and eight miles is is 1,828 miles, of which one hundred by Steamboat, and five hundred and forty by �435 POST OFFICES. Railroad, and the rest by various conveyances. Post-offices is The number of four hundred and twenty-nine, as follows Acworth—Acworth, East Acworth, South Acworth. Albany— Conway, and North Conway. Alexandria—Alexandria. Allenstown— Allenstown, Suncook. Alstead— Alstead, Centre Alstead, New-Alstead. Alton—Alton, Alton Bay, West Alton. Amherst Amherst. Andover—Andover, East Andover, West Andover, Potter Place. Antrim—Antrim, North Branch. Ashland Ashland. Atkinson—Atkinson, Atkinson Depot. Auburn—Auburn Barnstead Barnstead, Barnstead Centre, South Barnstead, North — — — Barnstead. Barrington—Barrington, North Barrington. Bartlett—Bartlett, Lower Bartlett. Bath— Bath. — Bedford Bedford. Belmont— Belmont. Bennington— Bennington. Benton—Benton. Berlin —Berlin Falls. Bethlehem—Bethlehem. Boscawen—Boscawen, North Boscawen, Fishersville. Bow—Bow. — — Bradford Bradford. Brentwood Brentwood. Bridgewater—Bridgewater. —Bristol. — — — — Village, West Campton. Canaan— Canaan, East Canaan. Candia — Candia, Candia Village. Bristol Brookfield Brookfield Brookline Brookline. Cambridge Milan. Campton Campton, Campton Canterbury— Canterbury, Shaker Village. Carroll— Carroll, Twin Mountain House, White Mountain House. CentAe Harbor— Centre Harbor. Charlestown—Charlestown, North Chatham— Charlestown, South Charlestown. P. O. Stowe, Maine. — Chester Chester. Chesterfield— Chesterfield, West Chesterfield, Factory Chichester— Chichester, North Chichester. Claremont— Claremont, West Claremont. Clarksville— Clarksville. Village. �436 POST OFFICES. — Colebbook Colebrook. Columbia— Columbia, South Columbia. Concobd Concord, East Concord, West Concord, Mast Yard, — Fishers- ville. Conway— Conway, Conway Centre, North Conway. —Cornish. Croydon— Croydon, Croydon Flat. Dalton—Dalton. D anbury— Danbury, South Danbury. Danville—Danville. Deerfield—Deerfield, Deerfield Centre, South Deerfield. Deerinq—Deering, East Deering, West Deering. Derry— Derry, Derry Depot, East Derry. Dorchester— Dorchester, North Dorchester. Dover— Dover. Dublin— Dublin Dummer—Milan, P. O. Dunbarton— Dunbarton, North Dunbarton. Durham—Durham. East-Kingston—East Kingston. Eaton—Eaton. Cornish Effingham—Effingham, South ham Falls. Ellsworth —Ellsworth. Effingham, Effingham Centre, Effing- — Enfield Enfield, West Enfield, Enfield Centre. Epping Epping, West Epping. Epsom—Epsom, Short Falls. — Erroll—Err oil Exeter—Exeter. Farmington—Farmington. —Fitzwilliam, Fitzwilliam Fitzwilliam Depot. Francestown— Francestown. Franconia— Franconia. Franklin—Frankl in Freedom—Freedom. Fremont—Fremont. — Gilford Gilford, Lake Village. Gilmanton Gilmanton, Lower Gilmanton, Gilmanton Iron Works. Gilsum Gilsum — — Goffstown— Goflstown. Gorham— Gorham. Gosport— Gosport. Goshen Goshen, Mill Grafton Grafton — — Village. Grantham— Grantham, North Grantham. —Greenfield. Greenfield Greenland— Greenland, Eastern Depot, Concord Depot. Green ville— Greenville �437 POST OFFICES. Groton— Groton, North Groton. Hampstead— Hampstead, East Hampstead, West Hampstead. Hampton—Hampton Hampton Falls—Hampton Falls. Hancock—Hancock. Hanover— Hanover, Hanover Centre. — Harrisville Harrisville, West Hart's Location Bartlett. Harrisville. — Haverhill— Haverhill, East Haverhill, North Hebron—Hebron Henniker—Henniker, West Henniker. Hill—Hill. — Haverhill, Woodsville. Hillsborough Hillsborough, Hillsboro' Centre, Hinsdale Hinsdale Holderness Ashland or Plymouth. — Hillsboro' Bridge. — —Hollis. Hooksett—Hooksett. Hopkinton—Hopkinton, West Hopkinton, Contoocook. Hudson—Hudson. Jackson—Jackson. Jaffrey—Jaffrey, East Jaffrey. Jefferson—Jefferson Keene— Keene. Kensington— Kensington. Kingston— Kin gs ton Laconia—Laconia, Weir's Landing. Lancaster—Lancaster. Landaff— Landaff, East Landaff. Langdon—Langdon. Lebanon—Lebanon, East Lebanon, West Lebanon. Lee— Lee, Wadley's Falls. Lempster—Lempster, East Lempster. Lincoln— Lincoln. Lisbon— Lisbon, Sugar Hill. Litchfield—Thornton's Ferry. Littleton—Littleton, North Littleton. Hollis Londonderry— Londonderry, North Londonderry, Wilson's Crossing. Loudon— Loudon, Loudon Centre, Loudon Ridge. Lyman—Lyman. Lyme— Lyme, Lyme Centre. Lyndeborough—North Lyndeborough, Lyndeborough Centre, South Lyndeborough. at Dover. Madison Madison, East Madison. Manchester—Manchester, Amoskeag, GoflTs Falls. Marlborough—Marlborough, Marlborough Depot. Marlow Marlow. Mason Mason. Madbury—Post-office — — — �438 POST OFFICES.. Meredith—Meredith Center, Meredith Village. Reed's Ferry, South Merrimack, Thornton's Merrimack—Merrimack, Ferry. Middleton—Middleton Corner. Milan—Milan, West Milan. Milford Milford. Milton—Milton, South Milton, West Milton, Milton Mount Vernon Mount Vernon. — Mills. — Monroe—Monroe, North Monroe. Moultonborough—Moultonborough. Nashua— Nashua. — Nelson Nelson, Munsonville. New-Boston New-Boston — South Newbury, Chandlersyille. Newcastle— Newcastle. New-Durham— New-Durham. New-Hampton—New- Hampton. New-Ipswich— New- Ipswich. New-London— New-London, Scytheville. Newington— Newington. Newmarket— Newmarket. Newport— Newport. Newton— Newton, Newton Depot. Northfield—Northfield, and at Tilton, P. O. North Hampton— North Hampton. Northumberland—Northumberland, Groveton. Northwood— Northwood Narrows, Northwood Center, Newbury— Newbury, wood. Nottingham—Nottingham, West Nottingham. Orange East Canaan. East North- — —Orford, Orfordville. Ossipee—Ossipee, Moultonville, Ossipee Centre, Water Village, Leighton's Corner, West Ossipee. Pelh am—Pelham Orford Pembroke.— Pembroke, East Pembroke, Suncook. Peterborough— Peterborough, West Peterborough. Piermont —Piermont. — Pittsburg Pittsburg, Connecticut Lake. Pittsfield Pittsfield. — — Plainfield—Plainfield, East Plainfield. Plaistow Plaistow, Atkinson Depot. Plymouth—Plymouth, West Plymouth. Portsmouth— Portsmouth. Randolph— Gorham, P. O. Raymond—Raymond. Richmond— Richmond, North Richmond. Rindge— Rindge, West Rindge. Rochester—Rochester, East Rochester, Gonic. �439 POST OFFICES. —Rollingsford. Rollingsford Roxbury—Keene, P. O. Rumney—Rumney, West Rumney, Rumney Depot. Rye— Rye. Salem— Salem, Salem Depot, North Salem. —Salisbury, West Salisbury. Sanbornton—Sanbornton, North Sanbornton. Sandown— Sandown. Sandwich— Sandwich, North Sandwich, East Salisbury Sandwich, Sandwich Centre. Seabrook. — P. O. and Temple P. O. Shelburne— Shelburne. Somersworth — Great Falls P. O. South Hampton—South Hampton. South Newmarket— South Newmarket. Springfield—Springfield, East Springfield, West Springfield. Stark—Stark. Stewartstown—Stewartstown, West Stewartstown. Stoddard— Stoddard, South Stoddard. Strafford—Strafford Corner, North Strafford, Blue Hill, Strafford CenBow Lake. Stratford— Stratford Hollow, North Stratford. Strath am—Stratham Sullivan— Sullivan. East Sullivan. Sunapee— Sunapee, South Sunapee, George's Mills. Surry—Surry. Sutton— Sutton, North Sutton, South Sutton. Swanzey —Swanzey, Westport, West Swanzey. Tamworth —Tarn worth, South Tamworth, Tarn worth Iron Works. Temple—Temple. Thornton—Thornton, West Thornton. Seabrook Sharon— New-Ipswich ter, Tilton—Tilton, East Tilton. Troy—Troy. Tuftonborough— Tuftonborough Corner, Melvin Village, Mackerel Village. —Unity, East Unity. Unity Wakefield— Wakefield, East Wakefield, Sanborn's, Union. Walpole—Walpole, Drewsville. Warner— Warner, Roby's Corner. Warren—Warren. Washington—Washington, East Washington. Waterville— Campton P. O. Weare—Weare, East Weare, Oil Mill, North Weare, South Weare. Webster— Webster. Wentworth —Wentworth. Wentworth's Location— Wentworth's Location. [Depot. Westmoreland—Westmoreland, East Wetsmoreland, Westmoreland �KATES OF POSTAGE. 440 —Whitefield. Whitefield Wilmot—Wilmot, Wilniot Flat. Wilton, West Wilton. Winchester Winchester, Ashuelot. Windham Windham, Windham Depot, West Windham. Windsor Hillsborough Lower Village, P. O. Wolfeborough Wolfe borough, North Wolfeborough, South Wolfeborough. Wilton— East — — — — Woodstock—Woodstock, North Woodstock. RATES OF POSTAGE. Letters by mail from one post office to another, for each half ounce or fraction thereof, prepaid by postage stamps, 3 cents. Drop or Local Letters at letter-carrier offices, for or fraction thereof, prepaid by postage stamps, 2 cents. letter-carrier offices, 1 each half ounce At other than cent. Postal Cards, with postage stamps impressed upon them, 1 cent. For Newspapers and Periodicals issued once a week or more frequently, with postage paid quarterly or yearly in advance, and sent to actual subscribers, from a known office of publication, the rates are Newspapers and periodicals each Quarterly rates— Not exceeding 4 ounces in weight, sent to any part of the United : States — weekly, 5 cents; semi-weekly, 10 cents; six times a week, 30 cents ; tri-weekly, 15 cents; daily, 35 cents. — Exceeding 4 ounces and not exceeding 8 ounces weekly, 10 cents; 6emi- weekly, 20 cents tri-weekly, 30 cents six times a week, 60 cents ; ; daily, 70 cents. — Exceeding 8 ounces and not exceeding 12 ounces weekly, 15 cents; semi-weekly, 30 cents; tri-weekly, 45 cents; six times a week, 90 cents; daily, $1.05. — Exceeding 12 ounces and not exceeding 16 ounces weekly, 20 cents semi-weekly, 40 cents; tri-weekly, 60 cents; six times a week $1.20; daily, $ 1.40. Letters addressed to initials or to a box, without personal address, are lot deliverable under the rulings of the Department. Printed cards, containing no writing except the address may be sent through the mails prepaid by a one-cent postage stamp, if under two ounces in weight. Writing on a circular, in addition to the address, subjects it to letter postage. — Two postal cards joined together one containing an inquiry and the other in blank for a reply cannot be sent by mail. In such a case it would be the duty of the postmaster at the mailing office to cancel both, thus rendering the one intended for reply worthless. Postage must be paid before delivery on newspapers and other periodicals sent from a known office of publication to subscribers, for not — less than one quarter, nor more than one year, at either the office of �441 RATES OF POSTAGE. — mailing or delivery commencing at any time, and to be accounted for in the quarter in which it is received. No law was passed by Congress compelling subscribers to regular newspapers, etc., to pay quarterly postage in the mailing office in advance, after July 1, 1873. They may pay at either office after July 1, as now. When a subscriber to a paper or periodical shows a receipt for postage paid at his former residence for one or more quarters in advance, the publication should be delivered to him for the unexpired time paid for, provided it is mailed direct from the office of publication and not remailed from his former residence. If remailed from his former residence (without prepayment of postage), double transient rates must be collected on delivery. size, issued less frequently than once a week, be sent in packages to one address at the rate of one cent for each package not exceeding four ounces in weight. The postage to be paid quarterly or yearly in advance. When packages of newspapers are received at a post-office directed to one address and the names of the subscribers to whom they belong, with the postage for a quarter in advance, is handed to a postmaster, he should deliver them accordingly, provided they are properly folded. Newspapers having writing on their margins are subject to letter postage, and postmasters should collect postage at letter rates on all papers having writing on them when found in the mails. The following are the quarterly rates of postage, when paid quarterly or yearly in advance, on newspapers and periodicals issued less frequently than once a week, and sent to actual subscribers from a known Newspapers of small may office of publication Newspapers, magazines, and other periodical publications, each: Not exceeding four ounces in weight, sent to any part of the United States semi-monthly, 6 cents monthly, 3 cents quarterly, 1 cent. Exceeding 4 ounces and not exceeding 8 ounces semi-monthly, 12 cents monthly, 6 cents quarterly, 2 cents. Exceeding 8 ounces and not exceeding 12 ounces semi-monthly, 18 cents monthly, 9 cents quarterly, 3 cents. Pamphlets, occasional publications, transient newspapers, maga- — ; ; ; ; ; — — ; zines, hand-bills, posters, unsealed circulars, prospectuses, scripts, book-manu- proof sheets, corrected proof-sheets, maps, prints, engravings, blanks, flexible patterns, sample cards, phonographic paper, letter en- and wrappers, cards, plain and ornamental paper, photographic representations of different types, seeds, cuttings, bulbs, roots, scions, and all other matter, which may be declared mailvelopes, postal envelopes able by law, and all other articles not above the weight prescribed by law, which are not, from their form or nature, liable to destroy, deface, or otherwise injure the contents of the mail-bag, or the person of any one engaged in the postal service, may be sent by mail, prepaid by stamps at the rate of 1 cent for each two ounces or fractional part thereof, but books, samples of metals, ores, minerals and merchandise, �MONEY ORDER POST 442 OFFICES. two cents for each two ounces, or fracAll liquids, poisons, glass, explosive materials, and obscene books, shall be excluded from the mails. All matter, excepting books and other printed matter, book manuscripts, proof-sheets, must be prepaid at the rate of tional part thereof. and corrected proof-sheets, shall not exceed twelve ounces in weight. Samples of metals, ores, and mineralogical specimens shall not exceed twelve ounces in weight. Packages of woolen, cotton, or linen clothing, not exceeding two pounds in weight, may be sent through the mail to any non-commissioned officer or private in the army of the United States, if prepaid, at the rate of one cent for each one ounce, or fraction thereof, subject to 6uch regulation as the Postmaster General may prescribe. No package weighing more than four pounds shall be received for conveyance by mail, except books published or circulated by order of Congress. Money-orders, for sums not exceeding $50 on one order, will be issued on deposits with the Postmaster, at any money-order post office, payable at any one of the designated money-order offices, being the larger cities and towns in the United States, on payment of the followOn orders not exceeding $ 10, five cents over $ 10 and not ing fees exceeding $20, ten cents; over $20 and not exceeding $30, fifteen cents over $ 30 and not exceeding $ 40, twenty cents exceeding $ 40, : ; ; ; twenty-five cents. MONEY-ORDER POST-OFFICES IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. Ashland, �443 STATISTICAL TABLES. CHAPTER V. Tabular Statement of the population of the cities and towns in the State, ratable polls, assessed valuation of all the towns, stock in trade, interest, deposits in savings banks, proportional tax, town money at debts, clergymen, lawyers, physicians, merchants, agricultural productions, value of farms, number of farms, dwellings and families, value of cotton manufactories, woolen manufactories, boots and shoes, hosiery, paper mills, lumber mills, grist mills, tanneries, total manufactories in the State, various occupations of the people in 1870, in 1870, number number of each kind of manufactories, in the State, deaths, by towns, in the State, in 1870, centenarians have died since 1822, &c, &c. TABULAR STATEMENT Showing Population of New- Hampshire in 1870, 1860 and 1850. who �444 STATISTICAL TABLES. TABULAR STATEMENT Showing Population of New- Hampshire in 1870, 1860 and 1850. �STATISTICAL TABLES. TABULAR STATEMENT Showing Population of New-Hampshire in 1870, 1860 and 1850. 445 �446 STATISTICAL TABLES. TABULAR STATEMENT Showing Population of New- Hampshire in 1870, 1860 and 1850. �STATISTICAL TABLES. TABULAR STATEMENT Showing Population of New- Hampshire in 1870, 1860 and 1850. 447 �448 STATISTICAL TABLES. TABULAR STATEMENT Showing Population of New -Hampshire in 1870, 1860 and 1850. �STATISTICAL TABLES. TABULAR STATEMENT. Selected Ages, with Sex, by Counties. 449 �450 STATISTICAL TABLES. TABULAR STATEMENT. Classification of Population of New- Hampshire by Age and Sex 1870 and 1860. suses of 1870. at the Cen~ �STATISTICAL TABLES. 451 IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. The following statement shows the number of persons, in 1870, who were born in New-Hampshire, also the number living here who were natives of other States and countries. living in other States, New -Hampshire in Account vrilh oilier States lation, as and Territories in regard to by Census Returns in 1860 and 1870. i* Popu- �IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION. 452 of 172, and probably without a parallel in any State or nation, have, in California, 176 more persons this side of Ireland. We than in 1860 255 in Illinois, ; Massachusetts, 7,204 Iowa, 1731 in ; in Minnesota, ; 841 ; in Kansas, ; 658 561 in Missouri, in ; in ; "While in and in District of Columbia, 295. Alabama there are 45 less Louisiana, 64 Georgia, 54 Maryland, 48 Mississippi, 48 North Carolina, 45 South Carolina, 57 TenMaine, 2,612 Vermont, 4,029 New-York, 3,740 and nessee, 41 New-Jersey, 666 ; ; ; ; This shows conclusively, that New-Hampshire has not Ohio, 844. many ; ; ; so ; ; ; ; ; men carpet-baggers (as are now termed who go south to by several hundred, as before the war. In 1860, New-Hampshire had in its population, of foreign born, reside) in the South, 20,939 in 1870, 29,611 ; In 1870, a gain in ten years of 8,672. ; and there were 40,820 persons in the State having a foreign father foreign mother ; 42,862 having a foreign father, and 42,550 having Of the a foreign mother. ca 2 in Asia ; ; Islands; 9 in Austria 13 Indians in Canada 514 Cuba States ; 11 in ; 55 Holland in 4 in Bohemia 239 ; 22 specified) ; ; in the ; 3 in 1 in ; Central America 60 in France 436 ; 12,190 in Ireland ; Hungary 7 in India ; 2 in Poland ; Sandwich Islands 11 in Switzerland 12 ; in ; ; 892 9 in ; Turkey ; 11 in West number of colored people in 1 in ; ; ; Scotland Greece 1 in 42 ; in 5 German ; ; 5 Mexico 4 iu Sweden 2 in Russia ; ; in Brit- 5 in China ; 9 in Italy Portugal 225 ; in all the 9 in South America: 9 in Spain ; Newfoundland in Prince Edward's Island ; in Afri- Australasian 11,901 white, 2 colored, and New-Brunswick 6 in in Denmark ; 14 107 in Great Britian (not specified) ; Norway The ; 2,679 in England 27 in Wales in Scotia; America (not ish in Nova in foreign population, 4 were born 8 in the Atlantic Islands ; ; India, and 11 at sea. was Portsmouth had the largest number in 1870, viz. 56 Manchester, 50 Exeter, 54 Concord 36 Dover, 33, and Nashua 25. In 1790, there were 158 580 ; total in 1860, 520 ; and in the State, in 1870, in 1810, 970. ; ; ; ; slaves in the State in 1800, 8 in 1830, 3, and in 1840, 1. There were 3 Indians in Carroll County 13 in Coos 5 in Hillsborough 1 in Rockingham, and 1 in Sullivan making in all 23. ; ; ; ; The census shows that ances, had, born ; ; this State, in 1870, in other States and foreign in striking the balcountries, 8,500 more people than in 1860, and still our population decreased 7,473 in the last decade. It does not solve this problem, and it will be hard to induce people to believe that for the past ten years 15,000 more �453 STATISTICAL TABLES. people have died in the State, or moved into foreign countries, than have been born for the past ten years, if we do take into account the fearful loss of life in If this the late rebellion. is the fact, worthy of the serious consideration of every thoughtful State. The natives of New-Hampshire can man it is in the truly be classed with the lone Indian, for with a loss at the same ratio, for the next fifty years, not a vestige of pure, original, left, New-Hampshire blood will be that ran in the veins of our forefathers one hundred years ago. TABULAR STATEMENT, By Towns, for the year 1872, Showing the. Ratable Polls, Assessed Valuation, True Valuation. Stock in Trade, Stocks, and Money at Interest, Savings Banks Deposits, Proportion on $ 1,000 KOCKINCHAM CO. and Town Debts over available Assets. �454 STATISTICAL TABLES. TABULAR STATEMENT, By Towns, for the year 1872, Showing the Ratable Polls, Assessed Value, &c. STRAFFORD CO. �STATISTICAL TABLES. • By TABULAR STATEMENT, Towns, for the year 1872, Showing the Eatable MERRIMACI 455 Polls, Assessed Value, &c. �456 STATISTICAL TABLES. By Towns, for the year 1872, Showing the Ratable Polls, Assessed Value, TABULAR STATEMENT, SULLIVAN CO. <&c. �STATISTICAL TABLES. 457 TABULAR STATEMENT, By Towns, for the year 1872, Showing the Eatable COOS CO. Polls, Assessed Value, &c. s �458 STATISTICAL TABLES. TABULARSTATEMENT, Showing number of Clergymen, Physicians, Dentists, and Manufacturers, by Towns, arranged Lawyers, Merchants, alphabetically. �459 STATISTICAL TABLES. TABULAR STATEMENT, Showing number of Clergymen, Physicians, Dentists, and Manufacturers, by Towns, arranged Lawyers, Merchants alphabetically. TOWNS. TOWNS. >.= Loudon Rochester Lyman Lyme Rollinsford . Roxbury Itumney Kye Salem Lynileborough Madbury Madison Manchester Marlborough Salisbury Sanbornton Sandown Marlow Mason Sandwich Seabrook Sharon Meredith Merrimack Middleton Milan Shelburne ' Somersworth South Hampton South Newmarket Milford Milton . Mount Vernon Springfield Monroe Stark Stewartstown Stoddard Moultonborou; Nashua 13 Nelson New-Boston Strafford Stratford Newbury Stratham New-Castle Sullivan New-Durham New-Hampton Sunapee Surry Newington New-Ipswich New-Londou New-Market Newport Sutton Newton Northfleld Tilton Orford Ossipee Pel ham . Plaistow Plymouth Portsmouth Kandolph Richmond Rindge . . Walpole 3 Plainfield Raymond Wakefield 10 . Peterborough Piermont Pittsburg Pittsfield . Troy Tuftonborough Unity . North Hampton Northumberlant North-wood Nottingham Orange Pembroke . . Swanzey Tarn worth Temple Thornton 21 35 3 2u 2 7 22 220 12 9 11 Warner Warren Washington Waterville Weare . Webster Wentworth Westmoreland Whitefield Wilmot" Wilton Winchester . Windham . Windsor Wolfeborough Woodstock �460 STATISTICAL TABLES. TABULAR Relative to the Agricultural Productions of the State, ROCKINGHAM �STATISTICAL TABLES. STATEMENT. As per Census county. a n of 1870. 461 �462 STATISTICAL TABLES. �STATISTICAL TABLES. COUNTT. 463 �464 STATISTICAL TABLES. MERRIMACK �STATISTICAL TABLES. COUNTY. 00 o o c o "3 J3 00 § 465 �466 STATISTICAL TABLES. CHESHIRE �STATISTICAL TABLES. COUNTY. s o "8 o p. o •§ 3 pq 467 �468 STATISTICAL TABLES. GRAFTON �STATISTICAL TABLES. COUNTY. 469 �470 STATISTICAL TABLES. COOS �STATISTICAL TABLES. COUNTY. 471 �STATISTICAL TABLES. 472 NH05»0<0«0>OH O CO^r-^O^i-^CM^CM^ (Ct-O) •seo;*;od jo s^qsna ©©©^ ^©^ 1 CO* rH ai 2 o5 ei rx> <m cm wa cd oc -<*CNCMCO-<*C0<OCM 1 cm O 00 t~- (CeocoeCHcct-x^tr ^co co •gnBoq pu« sued jo sjoqena co ce i.o icc ** cr ^t CO ro H< to <o*" r-T of x" CO ro~ t^ 00 W o ^^^©.cO, •ODOuqo^ jo spnno^ *J*CMiO<M©O*b-.-iQ0© r-ico'' i— < i- «ji co t— i—'i "Jooa jo spuno<i «H«MW^NC^«C spqsng .w^ooaw rHrHTjXN 'XeiJBq pufl s;«o jo rH «5 W CM CD •uaoo jo eiaqsng P O O "i: OC^ 00^ ift CM~ q t* o_ CO, >n iO ©' t^ * «-*„ ©„ CO, CO' CM** rt« OOtO^l-ttOLlOlffiCDO " « t- in n C co coocii-nni^ ?i ^ r< •eA"j jo siaqsng «C' co, (Dn'rHHiOCO CO*"©' CM © c © n pi o co a cn CO -+ oi « c H © I— ONHOrtWO :»o r: '£ iO >o M y c r-4 or. c rpjeqM jo Bjeqetia Ot-COCOOHOl^b-iO CO » ph T *t"C O O C CO »o, ©^ cc cm ©^ ©. r-^ cn >\ ©*" V *ft <o HooococaisabcD^i# © r-" co"" h** T[00%9 9AII H* JO 9ni«A p9JBl0i; s a <d r-T oi" t-COr-tCMCCOOTftCOGOCJi h^ P »-* lOCMCOOJCfiCMO' •eniMs jo aeqinnjii Ph ^00©C0©*Ot— COlCt— <J O t^eo^ o\i-h^ c_ t- cc ph t-^ ©*" t-T t*T 00 CM r-T r-T OC tO <& w CO pt CO CO CO rH rH P5 00 i- CO lO h> CM 03 CJ) CO h- CO^CCCM-tOHrtcOcO <* * '9HJBD jo J9qran>j b^ ©_ CM^ r-ToTiO CM ^ ©_ « p* CO I- 00*00 t-^ i-"'00* CO*" HCMNCNHrHCOH *S9SJoq jo J9qran^ cowinoi^Ht~HCOCft h-iOiOH^ifl'-'WCOH ©C COCOCOTriCiOiOCO •pa^i p9A0jdtnj jo B9JDy * :-g= • : : |a-]iijf| • �473 STATISTICAL TABLES. *8jn9cnJ8H9q Suipupat 'fffonp -oad iujbj [|« jo 9iii«A psvuiatjsa £ b to o jo o a> oc ac "cc a i *SJB| •jCeaoq jo c-f M f O © W '^ W O Ob oo.^L^T.wy^.^i <p io cT oo* •* ce c* »g eo r-l CN CO r-< rH CO i— C-I I « Bpunoj •S9SS1310UI 9[dBtu ifl '-O ff) i— Oi -r io -top ui 'sjonpoad ^sejoj jo oops a. it, 'O CO H co oTr-Teo o"*n r- rH o CC G -t » t- » 00 Ol N X O H r- >C C£ •HJUJIOp at *pios jo p9J9?q9n«ie fi[BiuiaB jo otifBA o a :: »c SB «o oo <o t**> eaonBf) r - I ~Z- i-T so •juSns 9(dBta epanod C "1 t--^ ?1 M H N HMrt'H rH (M CN c r— ao c-i o hi H •edoq jo sputi'M P O O •p998 ssbj3 8(9qsna >> •£«q jo saox "e 95 "" ' S °° "* ci ci' ci i£ Zi 22 CO t^ 00 -t *!J tj*" o co ^ I co -#' of e**nt M O 1- b- -M £ CO rH CM CO_ CM CTj . ' OV>fl**t-H©DHOi ^ Oi i£ t*< m (O CO U3 CD iO "1* ' * .IDiOOri^ ^Ct-iNiO^^ o n *pi os ^n™ suon^o 1 CM l-< <NO^r('*2 ,OH 8 S n rift' ' E-i «4 e^t-cjstocoocoOTiMao '>! OM hJ •9B99qo jo P spunoj ^ C O o— -^ CO t> -t os os c^co^i- r-^-* I-*. o_3o *n> etfaTo'?© t- fc— co i— ~ >~ '— - ~ CO t- CO X r i ' H lOtXniO00^» t- rH Pi •J9^nq jo spunoa w WOCOO«HOt-WN CCOOQOMCDt-C-lHOJH (4 oad U9pj«2 •sjonp 9iiiua * C O N PJ 05 t "V l ° r"l. !0 i9^JBca jo t-COOSCOiCCC'i«OSOSiO 355io«p^hinSSt-'« S.OS, ^CO -*iC_CO^CM •ejonpoad pauqoio jo 9tq*A tt^CO, (MrtifiOCHiOiOn - •2 »*g Qi to » . * S £ a J -111 1 QSaZSomOO ICfl cm I I """i, CM �474 STATISTICAL TABLES. TABULAR STATEMENT, and unimproved land, value of farms and farming implements, and amount of wages annually paid for farm labor. Showing number acres of improved Unimproved. S-g (=5 *-* 73 Counties. > - o 2 5 Rockingham Strafford 235,605 102,412 155,421 176,191 335,882 283,874 260,180 221,310 442,738 120,870 Carroll Merrimack .. Hillsborough. Cheshire Sullivan Grafton Coos Totals 24,127 6.119 2,597 120,659 2,282 21,606 8,327 2,336 31,052 5,030 $13,418,030 2,334,487 . .... Belknap 2, = 97,105 49,739 53,544 151,164 124,211 92,084 72,073 64,332 230,300 112,529 1,047,690 224,417 Counties. the number of farms, 2*0 <s a 1H $277,305 5,127,390 4,934,900 4,963,413 12,096,577 11,073,395 7,151,499 6,069,230 12,106,924 3,647,955 $ 464.255 190.226 184,548 177,522 442,380 530,81 323,446 313,971 646.343 186,435 $80,589,313 $3,459,943 $2,319,164 TABULAR STATEMENT, Showing ^ a * 3 and number of acres in each. 149,640 99,797 93,282 286,916 332,813 206,416 209,592 485.108 178,295 �STATISTICAL TABLES. TABLE, Relative to the Cotton Manufactories in ROCKINGHAM COUNTY. New- Hampshire. 475 �476 STATISTICAL TABLES. HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY CONTINUED. �STATISTICAL TABLES. TABLE Relative to the Woolen Mills in New- Hampshire. ROCKINGHAM COUNTY. 477 �478 STATISTICAL TABLES. SULLIVAN COUNTY. �STATISTICAL TABLES. 479 TABLE Relative to the Manufacturing of sale Boots, Shoes, Brogans &c.,in New-Hamp- shire. ROCKINGHAM COUNTY. Hands employed. t. •- TOWNS. ~ s o Atkinson Auburn Brentwood $4,000 7 12 15 Candia Candia 4,000 6,000 11,000 43,000 6,000 18,000 7,500 33,000 60,000 25,000 48,000 8,000 3,000 25.000 15,000 20,000 24,000 6,000 26,000 5,000 25,000 6,000 1,000 55,000 75,000 19,000 5,000 20,000 6,000 44,000 20,000 120,000 6,000 , 25 111 25 Chester Danville 40 Peerfield Deerfield 20,1)00 6 50,000 75 120 40 4n,(l00 Derry East Kingston 121 .. Epping Fremont 2d Greenland Hampstead Hampton Hampton 12.000 6,00(1 40 35 Falls.. 4( Kensington Kingston Londonderry.... is New 50 4( in 50 12 3 110 Castle Newton Newmarket .... North Hampton Northwood Northwood Nottingham 170 .... 4i Plaistow Portsmoutl 12 40 Raymond 17 Salem 62 45 225 20 Sandown Seabrook Windham Totals JoT3 o <0 II &.„ 3 u * 1 14 #'J64.(i(in 2; - 2 = 2 c 25,000 24,000 28,000 34,000 — $ 30,000 28.000 30,000 37,000 313,000 35,000 125,000 41,000 240,000 200,000 300,00(1 30,000 120,000 30,000 200,000 160,000 96,000 244,000 30,000 18.000 72,000 48,000 90,000 120,000 24,000 88,000 20,000 120,000 24,000 6,000 152,000 400,000 56,000 18,000 90.000 25,000 190,000 120,000 800,000 25,000 110, 238,000 32,000 20,000 84,000 44,000 100,000 130,000 26,000 98,000 25,000 135,000 28,000 7,000 215.000 500,000 100,000 20,000100,000 30,000 200,000 125,000 750,000 30,000 $ 799,000 3,867,000 >4,226,000 60 660 750 10 23 452 100 36 $30,000 410,000 500.000 3.000 12,000 242,000 5,000 17,000 150,000 1,150,000 1,500,000 10,000 101.000 726,000 300,000 100,000 160,000 1,580,000 1,700,000 12,000 125,000 920,000 325,000 115,000 2,101 356 $1,264,000 3,837,000 1,632 STRAFFuRD COUNTY. Barrington* Dover ... Farmington Lee* ... 451,000 500,000 Milton Rochester Somersworth 15,000 372,000 *. Strafford* .? 1,237,0(10 BELKNAP COUNTY. > 4,937,000 �480 STATISTICAL TABLES. �STATISTICAL TABLES. TABLE Relative to Hosiery Mills in New- Hampshire. 481 �482 STATISTICAL TABLES. TABLE Relative to Paper Mills in New- Hampshire. ROCKINGHAM COUNTY. �STATISTICAL TABLES. ABSTRACT STATEMENT of the Paper Manufactories. 483 �484 STATISTICAL TABLES. �STATISTICAL TABLES. 485 MERRIMACK COUNTY CONTINUED. Lumber annually sawed. TOWNS. a .2 -3 02 a a <* 2 fc, llopkinton... Loudon Newbury.... 13,000 7,000 5,000 2,000 6,000 9,000 10,n00 , New-London., Northfield .., Pembroke... Pittsfield Salisbury .... Sutton 3,01)0 2,000 4,000 1,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 1,000 2,000 4,000 8,000 1,000 4,000 5,000 21,000 9,000 60,00 Warner Webster Wilmot Total 82 $245,000 235 $73,500 125,000 10,000 40,000 20,000 60,000 3 O §.9 a 250,000 40,000 300,000 750,000 200,000 950,000 750,000 120,000 200.000 450,000 400,000 100,000 510,000 8,725.001) 1,122,000 565,000 1,100,000 100,000 650,000 1,800,009 400,000 315,000 570,000 1,375,000 1,225,000 1,500,000 24.000 10,000 13,000 5,000 8,000 31,000 12,000 5,000 9,000 21,000 24,000 19,000 22,497,000 S 411,000 HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. Amherst Antrim $1 §3,000 ,000 11 ,000 Bennington Brookline . Deering Francestown Goffstown 4,000 5,000 1,000 9,000 1,500 3,000 5,000 19 .MUM 8 000 30 Ml HI 8, MMM 2. 000 13 ,000 Bedford ... . . Greenfield Greenville 3,,000 Hancock 3 ,000 5 ,000 6 Hillsborough... Hollis Hudson Lyndeborough Manchester .... Mason Merrimack 2,000 2,000 1,200 3,000 2 ,000 3 ,000 Nashua Boston.... Ipswich... Pelham Peterborough Sharon .. 6,000 2.000 8,000 2,500 1,000 4,000 4.000 3,000 MMM 500 1,400 ,000 7,00ft !,000 102 , S 337,000 308? 106,301 CHESHIRE COUNTY. Alstead & 13,000 Chesterfield . Dublin Fitzwilliam . Harrisville... Hinsdale Jaffrey Keene Marlborough. Marlow Nelson Richmond Rindge Roxbury 14,' km 5.000 29,000 3O0( Gilsum ... 200,000 8 10 7 34 3 4,000 13,000 20,000 24,000 3,000 9,000 4,000 30.000 31,000 72 29 500 1 5 14 16 13 3 12 7 700,000 600,000 2,273,000 360,000 1,400,000 400,000 10,000 240,000 700,i 00 50,000 2,000 225 IKK) 2*0,0 10 1,0<XI 1, Wilton Windsor 10,000 601 ijOOO Temple Weare 800,000 600 18 000 5 000 50 000 12. HUM 4, 000 17 000 18, HMO 3, 000 Milford 925,000 600,000 1,300.000 400,000 1,600,1X10 3,001 2,500 1,000 18,000 20 000 Mount Vernon. 125.0«X 100,000 395,000 500 10 5 ,000 . Total II 13 ,000 5 OHM 13 ,000 Litchfield New New I 5,01X1 5,000 21,000 9,000 10,000 15,000 25,000 62,000 3,165,000 1,000,000 1,400,000 700,000 1,700,000 625,000 6,075,000 300,000 550,000 1,700,000 420,000 2,500,000 1,500,000 350,000 1,100,000 1,500,000 600,000 120,000 920,000 1,100,000 400,000 $ 17,000 9,000 26.000 5,000 22,000 9,000 9,000 46,000 4,000 20,000 5,000 17,000 21,000 10,000 34,000 12,000 128,000 4,000 9,000 33,000 6,000 60,000 27,000 6,000 19,000 19,000 8,000 2,000 14,000 22,000 5,000 35,148,000! S 619,000 �486 STATISTICAL TABLES. CHESHIRE COUNTY CONTINUED. �STATISTICAL TABLES. 487 �488 STATISTICAL TABLES. TABLE New- Hampshire. Relative to Grist Mills in ROCKINGHAM COUNTY. a ° TOWNS. JO. E S tc Eitst King-ton.. > 600 Epping 4,00(1 3,000 Hampton 2,01 Ml Hamjiton Falls Nortliwood North Hampton Nottingham .... . Plaistow Portsmouth Raymond Rye Seab rook Stratham Total. 500 1,000 600 1,000 2 000 18.000 3.000 1,000 4,noo STRAFFORD COUNTY. M< 234..-IIHI $ 267,700 1,600 2,0ii0 $44,600 5,500 10,000 20,000 2,000 6,000 1,700 2,500 800 1.000 16.000 106,000 21.000 11.000 24 000 7,000 $ 6,000 800 400 900 600 2,000 Exeter Greenland 400 600 800 200 400 200 200 100 200 600 $ S S II | 11,000 21,000 2,500 7,000 2.000 3,000 1,000 1,200 19,000 120,000 25,000 13,000 27,000 9,000 �STATISTICAL TABLES. 489 �490 STATISTICAL TABLES. GRAFTON COUNTY. TOWNS. Ashland Bath Bethlehem S 2,000 Bristol Campton Canaan Danbnry Enfield Franconia Grafton Groton Hanover , Haverhill Lebaa n Lisbon Littleton Lyme Monroe Orford Piermont Plymouth Kninney Warren Went worth Totals Berlin Colebrook Columbia En nl Gorham Jefferson Lancaster Milan Northumberland Pittsburg Stratford Stewartstown Wakefield Total . , �STATISTICAL TABLES. TABLE Relative to Tanneries in New- Hampshire. 491 �492 STATISTICAL TABLES. CHESHIRE COUNTY CONTINUED. �STATISTICAL TABLES. TABLE Relative to the total Manufactories in New- Hampshire. ROCKINGHAM COUNTY. I �494 STATISTICAL TABLES. �STATISTICAL TABLES. MERRIMACK COUNTY CONTINUED. 495 �496 STATISTICAL TABLES. SULLIVAN COUNTY. Number Hands of employed. horse power, TOWNS. — -3 S-S 12 36 Cornish 1,364 11 . 270 240 136 Acworth.... Charlestown Claremont 84 Croydon Goshen Grantham 70 80 285 40 225 610 120 62 292 40 269 .. Langdon.... Lempster . Newport... . Plainfield .. Springfield . Sunapee.... Unity Washington 240 Total 3,951 $ 46,000 156,000 750,000 14,000 2,000 16,000 22,1X10 5,000 11,000 375,000 11,000 5,000 66,000 3,000 34,000 1 1,506,000 75 225 $ 23,000 146,000 248,000 8,000 4,500 5,000 10,000 2,500 13 000 118,000 4, nun 1.000 28,000 3,000 25,000 871 25 14 19 34 7 40 197 10 7 52 10 1,123| 524 Ashland Bath Benton Bethlehem 13 , 39 13 7 .., Bridgewater. Bristol Campton Canaan Banbury 16 3 31 12 25 9 Borchester... Ellsworth.... Enfield Franeonia Grafton Groton 7 2 38 22 4 11 Hanover 10 Haverhill Hebron'. 48 5 Holderness... 8 28 48 Landaff Lebanon Lincoln Lisbon 1 35 37 9 23 Littleton Lyman Lyme Monroe 1 Orange 4 23 Orford Piermont 11 Plymouth.... 39 Rumney 31 Thornton , Warren Wentworth... Woodstock... Total 4 23 13 5 357,000 1,250,000 25.000 7.000 48,000 33,000 5,000 26,000 619,000 17,000 4,000 117,000 10.000 85,000 $639,000 $2,703,000 GRAFTON COUNTY. Alexandria.. $ 100,000 $ 7.000 110,000 10,000 3,000 58,000 1,500 108,000 12,000 36,000 9,000 20,000 700 54,000 23,000 3,000 6,000 10,000 34,000 6,000 6,000 18,000 315,000 1,000 61,000 99,000 6,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 18,000 17,000 51,000 39,000 4,000 28,000 25,000 10,000 �STATISTICAL TABLES. COOS COUNTY. 497 �498 STATISTICAL TABLES. TABULAR STATEMENT, Showing the various Occupations of the people of New- Hampshire, in 1870. �STATISTICAL TABLES. 499 �500 STATISTICAL TABLES. Mechanical and Mancf'iro Industries. �STATISTICAL TABLES. Mechanical and Mandf'inq Industbies. 501 �STATISTICAL TABLES. 502 TABULAR STATEMENT, By towns, showing number of deaths in the State in 1870. BELKNAP COUNTY. ROCKINGHAM COUNTY. TOWNS. TOWNS. Alton Barnstead Atkinson Auburn Brentwood Belmont Candia Chester Centre Harbor.. Gilmanton County Farm Gilford Deerfleld , Derry East Kingston New Hampton. , Sanbornton.... , TUtou Eppiug Exeter Fremont Gosport Greenland 101 122 CARROLL COUNTY. Albany Bartlett Falls. .. Brookfield Kensington Kingston Londonderry New 31 Total Hampstead Hampton Hampton , Laconia Meredith Danville Chatham Conway Eaton Effingham Castle Newington Freedom Jack9on Madison Moultonborough Newmarket Newton North Hampton... Northwood Nottingham Sandwich Plaistow Tamworth Portsmouth Raymond Tuftonborough. Wakefield Rye Wofeborough ., Salem.- Sandown 159 Total Seabrook South Newmarket. South Hampton... Stratham MERRIMACK COUNTY. Allenstown . Andover Boscawen Windham Sow Bradford Canterbury STRAFFORD COUNTY. Barrington Dover . Chichester . . Concord Dunbarton . . . Durham Epsom Farniington.. Franklin... Lee Henniker Madlmry Hill Middleton.... Milton Hooksett.. .. Hopkinton... Loudon New Durham i Newbury Rochester.... New London Rollinsford. .. Somersworth. Northfleld Strafford. Pembroke... .., Pittsfield ... Total . .... 26 154 153 Salisbury . . 70 �STATISTICAL TABLES. MERRIMACK COUNTY CONTINUED. 503 CHESHIRE COUNTY CONTINUED. TOWNS. �504 STATISTICAL TABLES. GRAFTON COUNTY CONTINUED. �DECEASED CENTENARIANS. 505 demic, but this scourge, consumption, creates no fear with the peo- and they pass heedlessly and carelessly along without taking any its flattering premonitory symptoms. If the inhabitants at the north were as guarded as the people in Virginia, or other southern States, in their clothing and exposure to inclement weather, this mortality, caused by lung affection, could be reduced at least fifty per cent. ple, precaution to guard against DECEASED CENTENARIANS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE SINCE 1822. Through the courtesy of Dea. Daniel F. Secomb of Concord, we are enabled to give the number of persons who have died since 1822, at one hundred years of age and upwards. The reader will perceive that people live quite as long at the present day, as fifty years ago, notwithstanding the sayings of older people to the contrary, who are led to believe that the vanities of dress, and the general style of is living, has a no doubt but the generation of to tendency to shorten day has a life. There lease of life at least ten years longer than the generation of seventy-five years ago. The census of New-Hampshire in 1870, when compared with that of 1860, reveals some curious facts which are worthy of careful consideration. age, The number was 67,578 34,460 ; ; of children in 1860, under ten years of in 1870, 47,817 in 1870, 31,578 ; ; fifteen forty years and under twenty, in 1860, and under fifty, in 1860, 33,613; in 1870, 39,355; seventy and under eighty, in 1860, 9,941 eighty and under ninety years, in 1860, 3,030 in 1870, 16,647 in It ; ; and under one hundred years, in 1860, 364 1870, 337 one hundred years and over, in 1860, 7 in 1870, 18. also shows that in 1860, there were living in New-Hampshire in 1870, 3,555 ; ninety ; ; 266,952 persons under ; fifty years of age; of the same age in 1870, 235,998, or 30,954 less than in 1860. fifty The number of persons of years of age and upwards in 1860, was 59,120 ; in 1870, 82, more than in 1860. It is evident that the principal cause of this great change in the population of the State, as to age, is in the younger class leaving the State to seek employment elsewhere, and leaving the older persons at home. If this young class with their wives and children would return to New-Hampshire, who have left it within the past ten years, it would no doubt increase the population at least 40,000. The war had something to do with this 302, or 23,182 �STATISTICAL TABLES. 506 depletion of middle aged persons. Over 5,000 gave up their lives in the contest for the cause of the Union. The tables herewith annexed, are very interesting for the reader to ponder. Names of persons who have died at one Hew -Hampshire, hundred years of age and since 1822. over, in �507 STATISTICAL TABLES. NAMES OF PERSONS WHO DIED FROM 1853 TO 1864. �PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 508 CHAPTER VI. ) Giving a statement of all the public Schools in the State, Dartmouth College, Literary Institutions, State Institutions, such as New-Hampshire Asylum for the Insane, College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, Orphan's State Prison, State Normal School, State Capitol, Home, Reform School and Relig- ious Denominations in the State. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The founders of New-Hampshire believed in universal education. They believed, too, that the idea of a republic was the idea of a people governing themselves. This implied that the people should amount of intelligence and virtue, which are essential self-government. Our early legislators enacted laws providing possess that to for a system of free Our common schools. present free educational institutions are of the highest val- ue to the State. The maintenance of them involves a great expense and much care, but it is a wise outlay. Knowledge is less Ignorance is a dangerous and costly any form of government, and under a republican, des- expensive than ignorance. factor under tructive. The poses. several towns are sub -divided into districts for school pur- In the sparsely settled districts, the schools are ungraded. and several of the larger villages, a system of graded schools has been established, embracing Primary, Intermediate, Grammar and High School Departments, with rooms, furniture, books, apparatus and teachers suited to the peculiar wants of each grade. The best graded schools are found in Manchester, Nashua, Great Falls, Dover, Littleton, Concord, Portsmouth, Milford and In the cities Claremont. Towns and cities are required, by law, to raise annually, support of public schools, three hundred and fifty dollars for for each �STATISTICAL TABLES. dollar of the apportionment of State tax districts The towns, cities and school can raise larger sums by vote. school authority of the State tion, consisting of the Governor, of public instruction. The stitutes ; 509 is vested in a Board of Educa- Councilors and Superintendent latter is required to hold Teacher's In- annually, in each county, prepare and distribute school blanks and registers, and present an annual report to the General Court, upon the condition and progress of the schools. The following tables will exhibit the standing of schools in the various cities and towns in the State. TABLE Of Schools in New- Hampshire. ROCKINGHAM COUNTY. <2 TOWNS. �STATISTICAL TABLES. 510 STRAFFORD COUNTY. 1- TOWNS. �STATISTICAL TABLES. MERRIMACK COUNTY CONTINUED. TOWNS. 511 �512 STATISTICAL TABLES. CHESHIRE COUNTY CONTINUED. TOWNS. �STATISTICAL TABLES. COOS COUNTY. 513 �DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 614 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. Dartmouth College, the fourth of the New-England Colleges —preceded in chro- by Harvard, Yale and Brown, and but little behind the last named sprang from a noteworthy germ of christian philanthropy. It was an off-shoot of Moor's charityschool, an institution for the education of Indian youth, established in Lebanon, Conn., in the year 1754. The school was subsequently removed to Hanover, N. H., a charter for a college, to be connected with it This and yet a distinct institution, having been previously obtained. charter was issued Dec. 13, 1769, by the Hon. John Wentworth, the last of the royal governors of the Province of New-Hampshire. The founnological order in that respect only — der of the charity-school was named in it as the first President of the college and, in view of the interest taken in the school by Lord Dartmouth, an excellent English nobleman, and of his benefactions to it, his name was appropriately given to the college. One of the most signal events in the history of the Institution is the controversy, out of which arose the famous Dartmouth College case. The legislature of New-Hampshire, influenced by considerations which need not here be detailed, claimed the right to "amend" the royal charThey passed an act to that effect, in 1816, changing the name of the ter. institution to " Dartmouth University," and embracing other important modifications. To this act the trustees were opposed and, with the design of testing its constitutionality, they brought an action before the ; ; Supreme Court of the By State. this tribunal the legislature was sus- and an appeal was taken by the trustees to the Supreme Court of the United States, John Marshall being then chief justice. The cause of the college was there argued by Daniel Webster, and other able counsel, and fully sustained by the court. With such occasional ebbs and eddies as pertain to all like institutions, but with remarkable steadiness on the whole, the college has gone onward from its small beginnings to its present condition of enThe whole number of its alumni, as given largement and prosperity. in the last " Triennial," is three thousand, nine hundred and seven. These have come from all parts of the land and, as graduates, have been scattered as widely. While a considerable number have entered from the cities and large towns, the great majority have come from rural places. The average age of admission has been somewhat above and to the maturity thus secured has been that of many other colleges tained ; ; ; From these added, in many cases, the stimulus of self-dependence. and other causes, Dartmouth students, as a class, have been characterized by a spirit of earnestness, energy, and general manliness, of the Most of them have gone, not into 'happiest omen as to their life-work. the more lucrative lines of business, but into what may be called the working professions. To the ministry, the college has given more than nine hundred of her sons. Dr. Chapman says, in his " Sketches of the Alumni :" "There have been thirty-one judges of the United States and State Supreme Courts ; fifteen senators in Congress ; and sixty-one rep- �DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. resentatives ; 515 two United States cabinet ministers; four ambassadors fourteen governors of one post-master-general twenty-five presidents of colleges one and one of a Territory hundred and four professors of academical, medical, or theological colleges. From the last Triennial Catalogue, this list might be considerably enlarged. Perhaps the two professions that have drawn most largely upon the institution have been those of teaching and the law. We recall a single class, that of 1828, one-fourth of whose members have to foreign courts ; ; States, 1 ; ; ' been either college presidents or professors. Dr. Chapman states, that were residing in Boston, Mass., no less than seven sons of the college, " who were justly regarded as ranking among the brightest luminaries of the law. They were Samuel Sumner Wilde, at one time there 1789; Daniel Webster, 1801; Richard Fletcher, 1806; Joseph Bell, 1807; Joel Parker, 1811 Rufus Choate, 1819; and Charles Bishop Goodrich, ; 1822. Dartmouth has aimed, in all her history, at that true conservatism which blends felicitously the old and the new. She believes in the anFor the last seven years, has been expended on the scientific appointments of the institution than on the classical and other improvements are contemplated in the same direction. Though she adheres to the old college, as has been said, yet around that she has already grouped though with no ambitious fancy for the name of a university a number of collateral or post-graduate institutions offering diversified opportunities of general and special culture. The various departments, as they now exist, are cient classics, but she favors science also, much more ; — as follows 1. The — : old Academic Department, with its 1 four years curriculum, in- cluding the privilege of a partial course, and a number of particular options. 2. The Chandler Scientific Department, with a regular course, chro- nologically parallel to that of the Academic, and having with the option of a partial course through all the years, several elective lines of study Latin and Greek are omitted, French and German included, and scientific branches are made most prominent. 3. The' Agricultural Department, so called, or the New-Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. This is based on the Congressional land-grant. It has a regular three years course, with an in the last year. 1 option, after the first year, between an agricultural and mechanical line See in the next ai'ticle, a more particular account of it. 4. The Engineering Department, or the Thayer School of Civil Engineering. This is substantially, though not foraially, a post-graduate or professional department, with a two years course. The requisites for admission are in some important branches, even more than a college curriculum commonly embraces and it is designed to carry the study of civil engineering to the highest point. 5. The Medical Department, or the old New-Hampshire Medical College. This was established in 1797, has had a long and prosperous career, and ranks now with the best medical institutions in the country. of study. 1 ; �LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 516 There is connected with it, in addition to the lectures, a good course of private medical instruction. 6. Moor's Charity- School. This has now no distinct organic existence; but there is a small fund which is appropriated, under the direction of the President of Dartmouth College, to the education of Indian youths, in any department for which they are prepared. During the late war, the college, in common with most others in our country, was somewhat depressed but it has since been resuming, and The last catalogue embraces a faceven surpassing, its former status. ulty of instruction, thirty-six in number, and, in all the different courses ; of study, four hundred and twenty-one students. As an indication of the national relations of the college, it may be remarked that these students come from twenty-five different States and Territories, at home and abroad; and that, of the ungraduates, more than one-fifth are from AVhile the insitution is still in need of adplaces out of New England. ditional funds for various purposes, it lias been prospered financially. "Within the past ten years, not less than five hundred thousand dollars Three new buildings have been secured for the different departments. have been erected, making the whole number ten, and two of the old ones have been enlarged and renovated and funds have been obtained, ; in part, for a new Library Building. LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. There may be some schools which we have failed to notice, but have endeavored to give all a notice according to information received. We gladly would have given a more extended account of these important institutions of our State if we could have obtained the facts relative We requested the immediate managers of their respective to them. schools to be kind enough to forward us the facts, also stating why we In many instances our request has been attended with desired them. success, and the gentlemen receive our sincere thanks for their courtesy, and we trust that the benefit derived therefrom, will be mutual both to In other cases, our solicitations have not their school and the State. been responded to, and if people in some towns see that their Academies have not received that notice which they merit, they can attribute it to the faculty who refused or neglected to give us the necessary informa- tion. Adams Female Academy is located at East Derry, and was incorporated in 1823, being the oldest female academy in New-Hampshire. Besides convenient school buildings, it has a fund of % 3,200, donated by Jacob Adams of Derry. There is a boarding house connected with the institution to accommodate young ladies from abroad. It has always maintained a popular reputation as an institution worthy the patronage of young ladies who wish to acquire a first class education. It is situated in one of the most beautiful New-England villages, peculiarly free from injurious influences, and embracing scenery �517 LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. which, for simple beauty, is not often surpassed. The place is easily on the line of the Manchester and Lawrence Railroad. This institution is under the immediate charge of Miss Emma L. Taylor, who has attained a high character among the most distinguished schools in the country, for thorough, systematic, and refined education. There are three terms, of thirteen weeks each, every year, with an accessible, being average attendance of fifty females. Antrim High School—James E. Vose, Principal. Atkinson Academy is pleasantly located in the town of Atkinson, about three miles from the city of Haverhill, Mass., and two from the Boston and Maine Railroad. This institution is one of the oldest in the State, being founded in The building is located on elevated 1790. It has a fund of $ 6,000. It has a library, philosophical and ground, and contains six rooms. chemical apparatus, cabinet &c. all in a fine condition. It has been successful and maintained a high reputation as being a first class literary H. B. WesIts pi esent number of scholars is about sixty. institution. ton, A. M., Principal. Rev. Jesse Page, President of the Trustees. - Austin Academy is situated at Strafford Centre. G. C. McClellan, Principal. Normal Institute. This institution It was incorporat- ed in 1834. Beede Sandwich Centre, and was established in 1839, is pleasantly located at by Daniel G. Beede, to supply the pressing want, at that date, of more well qualified teachers. This school has never been endowed, and now is under the management of Mr. Beede, as principal. The school buildings were built entirely by himself, and the institution has been sustained through his unaided effort. The expense of the recitation-hall and boarding house was about eight thousand The number of have filled dollars. who have received instruction here, is nearly teachers, while others hono able positions of trust, with credit to themselves, and four thousand pupils —many of them making popular But few men in New-Hampshire have, by their individual efforts in the past thirty years, imparted more useful knowledge, to the young men and women of this State than Mr. Beed«. to their instructor. own He now fills the responsible office of Superintendent of Public Instruc- New-Hampshire. Bristol High School, Bristol. Miss Alice French, Principal. Charlestown High School. Mrs. Alice Pitts, Principal. Chester Academy Chester. Miss E. S. Gale, Principal. Christian Institute This school, at present located at Wolfeborough, was incorporated and established at Andover, where, in February, 1857, it was opened for the instruction of students. In 1866, the Institute was transfered to its present location, having been discontinued one year at the time of its removal. tion in — The — school year consists of thirty-eight weeks, divided into three During its fourteen school years, the institute has had an average annual attendance of 200 students. It has four established courses of Business course of three years; 'Academic, four; College study, viz. terms. �518 LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. t Preparatory, three and Young Ladies Graduating of four years. Students completng either course, and passing satisfactory examination, receive diplomas. ; This is New-England maintained and conducted by the only school in the Christian Connection. It rejects all sectarianism and bigotry, and well disposed youth. The teachers and officers constantly aim to promote thorough and accurate scholarship, refinement of manners, a high moral sense and a pure religious life. The institute possesses a fair Philosophical and Chemical Apparatus, cordially opens its doors to all and has an endowment fund of $ made 10,000. The officers have recently provision to reconstruct the school, another year, upon an en- larged and broader basis, and permanently establish it. Principals. John W. Simonds, 1857; Kev. S. W. Whitney, 1859; Rev. John W. Haley. A. B., 1860; Rev. Thomas Bartlett, 1861; Edwin Moulton, A. M., 1866; John II. Lary, A, M. 1868; George A. Chase, A. B., I860; John W. Simonds, A. M., 1870-74. Officers. Rev. II. M. Eaton, Westerly, R. I.. President; Rev. S. A. Hutchinson, Kittery, Me., Secretary; N. A. Moulton, Esq., Newburyport, Treasurer. Trustees Rev. J. A. Perry, Providence, R. I., W. II. Cate, Esq., Manchester, Rev. L>. A. Wiggin, Tuftonboro, Rev. C. P. Smith, West Randolph, Vt.. Mr. I. K. Gage, Esq., Fisherville; Rev. J. W. Tilton, Hanover; Rev. O. J. Wait, Franklin; Mr. P. C. Shaw, Hill John W. Simonds, Franklin. Clinton Grove Seminary is located in Weare, about three miles from North Weare Railway Station. This school is founded on strict moral principles, and the pupil knows in the commencement what is before him as to his conduct out of school. In the prospectus it expressly says, no fire-arms nor tobacco is allowed to be used on any consideration that they must come prepared with thick shoes and rubbers, for daily exercise in the open air, which must be attended to, as well as books in the school-room. There is a large and commodious Boarding House, connected with the school, which is under the immediate care of the Principal. Charles A. Jones, Principal. Concord High School, Concord. J. D. Bartley, Principal. — ; ; ; ; Conway Academy, Conway. W. W. Bates, Principal. Contoocook Academy, at Contoocookville, Hopkinton. Rev. Charles Hardon, Principal. Conant High School. This school is situated at Jaffrey, on the Monadnock Railroad. It has a fund of 8 7,000, through the bequest of the late Hon. John Conant, a resident of the town. The town has' built a school house at an expense of $12,000. The school is well managed, and is at present under the instruction of Elial S. Ball, Principal. Dartmouth Home School, for Young Ladies, ver, and has been is situated in Hano- in successful operation for eight years, or since 1865. This school has all the advantages for furnishing young ladies with an education, in classical as well as in all branches of English literature. �LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 519 ' The school year includes thirty-nine weeks, and is divided into three terms of equal length. Miss L. J. Sherman is Principal, with three as- sistant teachers. Dearborn Academy, is located in Seabrook, and was founded in 1854, through an endowment of $ 15,000, by the late Dr. Edward Dearborn, an eminent physician, and distinguished citizen of Seabrook. It is pleasantly situated on elevated ground, and commands a tine view of the Ocean. J. O. Emerson, Principal. Deeking Academy, is located at Deerin'g Centre. Dover High School, Dover. H. P. Warrenj Principal. Dunuarton High School, Dunbarton. John B. Mills, Principal. Exeter High School, Exeter. Eben S. Stearns, Principal. Farmington High School, Farmington. E. J. Goodwin, Principal. Fkancestown Academy is located in the pleasant village of Fran- cestown. The High School in town was established in a public school-house and was attended by Levi Woodbury, Moses Wilson, Mary Woodbury and others, who became prominent men and women, in their day. The high schools met with varied success, until June24, 1819, when first in 1800, the present academy was incorporated. Among the eighty-four schol- who attended the first term after its incorporation, was Franklin Pierce, who completed here his education, prior to entering college at ars, Bowdoin. Mr. S. Ingersoll Bard was the first Principal, but the next year, (1821) Mr. Isaac O. Barnes was employed. Mr. Barnes married the daughter of Hon. Peter Woodbury, practiced law, and in time, moved to Boston, where he received appointments as Naval Officer, U. S. Marshal, and Pension Agent, which latter office he held at the time of his death, some ten years ago. He was the most eccentric man in Boston, and his reputation was wide-spread by the many good stories told about him, of which he was either the author, or hero of the exploit. Francestown Academy is a popular Institution, and receives its full share of public patronage. J. E. Vose, A. M., Principal. Franklin Academy, Franklin. Charles A. Jewell, Principal. Fkeedom High School, Freedom. John Villiken, Principal. Fran klin Academy, Dover, incorporated in 1805. John Scales, Principal. Gilmanton Academy is pleasantly situated in Gilmanton, and is one of the oldest literary institutions in the State, being incorporated in 1794. It has always maintained a popular reputation, and has, at the present time, its share of the public patronage. Its buildings are large and convenient. li. There is a library of 500 volumes connected with it. E. Avery, Principal. Hampton Academy, Hampton, incorporated in 1810. Miss Lucy E. Henniker Academy, Miss S. C. Eastman. Keene Academy, Keene. Mrs. T. H. Leverett, Principal. Keene High School, Keene. S. II. Brackett, Principal. Kingston Academy, Kingston Plains. John W. Sanborn, Principal. Dow, Principal. �520 .LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. Kimball Union Academy of the is pleasantly situated on commanding in the beautiful village of Meriden, within the present limits ground town of Plainfield. It was incorporated in 1813, and organized in 1815. receives scholars whose parents are of other incorporated in its charter that the trustees and instructors of the Union Academy, shall be professors of the Christian religion, and each shall be a regular member of some Congregational or It is sectarian, religious belief. but still It is Presbyterian Church. This school has always held a high position among its contemporaries. It has given instruction to over 7,000 pupils, and has aided over three hundred young men for the ministry, at an expense of over $25,000. At the commencement of the Institution, the Hon. Daniel Kimball donated $ 6,000 as a permanent fund, which was afterwards increased to $ 30,000, and the whole fund is now over $ 50,000. Efforts are now being made to secure an additional endowment of $ 100,000. which will establish it on a solid basis. In 1824, the building, together with a valuable library, was burned. The second building, now the wing of the new edifice, was completed in 1825. The main building was finished in the autumn of 1839. The natural decay of the buildings, and the imperative demands of the times, require larger accommodations, which no doubt will be furnished, within a few years. In these days of progress, in every department of education, this Institution must not only hold its own, but it should keep pace with the general advance in the educational world. Rev. Charles A. Downs, Lebanon, President of Trustees. Rev. L. A. Austin, Principal. Lancaster Academy. Lancaster. Landaff High School, Landaff. H. H. Clark. Principal. Littleton Graded School, Littleton. F. D. Hutching, Principal. Manchester High School, Manchester. W. W. Colburn, Principal. Marlborough High School, Marlborough. Charles E. Houghton, Principal. Marlow Academy nearly forty years. ly as to teachers, McCollom located in Marlow, and has been organized has met with varied success, depending large- is It &c. Institute > is located in Mount Vernon, and was a popular Institution, and well conducted. a library of 600 volumes connected with the school. George rated in 1850. It is incorpo- There is W. Todd, Principal. Milford High School, See Milford. George French, Principal. Nashua High School, Nashua. T. W. H. Hussey, Principal. Nashua Literahy Institution is located in the city of Nashua, and was commenced in April, 1835, under the name of the " Nashua High G. S. Brown, and David Crosby, Instructors. In 1840, it was incorporated under its present name, and has been under the immediate management of Mr. Crosby ever since. The building is two stories, the upper being used as school room, with School." �LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 90 seatings, while in the lower story 521 a recitation room, and apparatus is room. This Institution is liberally patronized, ty to seventy scholars. At and each term has from thir- the September term, 1873, there were forty- nine scholars. NEW-HAMPSHIRE CONFERENCE SEMINARY AND FEMALE COLLEGE. This Institution is located at Tilton. N. H., on the Boston, Concord & Montreal Railroad, eighteen miles north of Concord, near the outlet of Winnipiseogee Lake. The site is elevated, and commands a view of natural scenery that, in extent, variety and beauty, is seldom equalled; and in healthfulness it cannot be surpassed. On the third day of July, 1845, the first meeting of the Trustees of the " New-Hampshire Conference Seminary" was held at the Brick Church, in the town of Northfield. The preliminary meeting, which ordered this, had been held at Winchester, June second. On the 9th of November, 1852, initiatory steps were taken to enlarge the charter of the Seminary so as to comprehend, also, a Female College. This arrangement was consummated December 29, 1852. On the 7th day of November, 1862, the stately edifice of the Institution was consumed by fire. Immediately, however, the trustees planned the erection, of an edifice and a new site was procured on the Sanbornton side of the river now Tilton. Three commodious buildings were erected on the new campus, and by an act of the Legislature, approved June 24, 1863, the change and removal were legalized. By the efforts of friends, — the resources and conveniences have gradually enlarged to date. Gradual prosperity has attended the Institution from its opening day until now. and grounds are worth thousand dollars. It has an last year its students numbered 256. In the current years of its existence, it has had 8,600 students. The library has 1,183 volumes; the cabinet is It has graduated 225. quite large, especially that of Mineralogy. There are four flourishing Literary Societies. It combines Seminary and College. It has three regular courses a Classical and a Belles Lettres for ladies, and a College Preparatory for gentlemen. It has also six special courses, viz. Music, Book-keeping, Penmanship, Painting and Drawing, Normal Department, Theological Department. Its students from abroad generally Its buildings endowment forty of about twelve thousand. ; The �LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 522 board in the Halls of the Institution. The present Board of Instruction are Rev. John B. Robinson, A. M., President; Sylvester Dixon, A.M., R. E. Avery, A. M., Charles M. Glines, Julia E. Bullard, Preceptress; Mary E. Harriman, A. M. Lizzie A. Herrick, M. L. A. New-Hampshire Commercial College. This Institution is located in the city of Manchester, and is a branch of a chain of colleges established in all the large cities in the United States, under the name of ; , Bryant and Stratton Business College. It is designed to educate and prepare young men and women for all clerical branches of business, such as writing, book-keeping, telegraphing &c. The number of scholars who have attended this college, the last year, is over three hundred, coming from all sections of the State. The length of term, thirteen weeks tuition for gentlemen, $25 a term; — ladies, $20. college is now under the immediate charge of Prof. G. A. Gaswith competent assistants. New-Hampton Institution is located in the town of New-Hampton, and through the many changes it has undergone from its foundation, it has sustained the reputation of being one of the best Institutions in the The kell, State. The New-Hampton Academy was first opened in September, 1821. Its John K. Simpson, a native of New-Hampton, but principal patron, Avas merchant at that time a in Boston. into the control of the State Br.ptist Convenand became known as the " New-Hampton Academical and Theological Institution," and was the first Baptist Seminary ever established in New-England. It remained under the care of the Baptists until the fall of 1852, when on account of financial difficulties, they deserted the ground. January, 1853, it was established under a new charter, and styled "The New-Hampton Literary and Biblical Institution," and re-opened Col. R. G. under the direction of the Freewill Baptist Denomination. Lewis, of New-Hampton, was the principal leader in this movement, and In 1825, the school fell tion, donated $ 15,600. The average annual attendance, for the past fifty years, has been over three hundred. There are six school buildings, valued at $30,000; three literary societies, each having a library and reading room, besides the general school library, amounting, in the aggregate, to 3,000 volumes. There is a classical department, for both sexes, also an English department. This Institution claims that its department of natural sci ence is superior to all institutions in the State, except the Scientific School at Hanover. Their Commercial course is pronounced the best in the State. The invested fund of the school is $ 15,000. In 1870, the Theological Department, long connected with the school, was removed to Lewiston, Muine Rev. A. B. Meservey, A. M. Ph. D., Principal. There are eight assistant teachers. New-Ipswich Appleton Academy Ipswich. It was incorporated iu 1789, is town of Newyears maintained located in the and for many �MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE, MANCHESTER. LOCATION OF GASKELL'S BRYANT & STRATTON BUSINESS COLLEGE. ��LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 523 the position as being one of the best Academies in the State. It still has many friends, and is well sustained. There is a library of 500 volumes connected with the academy. John Herbert, Principal. New-London Literary and Scientific Institution—The location of this Institution is delightful, healthful, and retired, amidst the hills and hikes of New-Hampshire. It was founded at New-London in 1853. In 1873, a new academy building and boarding house were completed, with all the modern improvements for school purposes, at an expense of nearly $ 100,000, and, in it now has one of the tinest sets of school buildings New-England. It has a Board of twenty-four Trustees, and a nent teachers. Provision is made faculty of eight perma- in the Institution for three distinct — the Scientific, College Preparatory, and Ladies' most liberal endowment was from Mrs. James B. Colgate of New-York, a native of New-London. There are two scholarships viz. Smith's scholarship of $> 1,150, and Simond's scholarship of $ 1,000. The income of these is annually applied to aid young men who need and deserve assistance. The average attendance of students, for courses of study, viz. Collegiate. Its — the past twenty years, The Presidents 1853; Rev. G. B. is 132; number of alumni, 281. of the school have been, Rev. G. Gow, A. M., 1861; Rev. A. W. W. Gardner, D. D., Sawyer, D. D., 1864; H. M. Willard, A. M., 1870, and L. E. Warren, A. M., 1872. Present Officers Rev. E. E. Cummings. 1). D., President; Rev. II. G. Safford, A. M. .Secretary; N. T. Greenwood, Esq., Treasurer. Newport High SchooI, Newport. George R. Brown, Principal. Northwood Academy is situated at Northwood Centre, near the shore of Harvey Lake. But few towns in the State offer better inducements, for literary institutions, than this town. The scenery in and around Northwood is unsurpassed for beauty, in southern New-Hampshire, ami everything that surrounds the youth tends to a healthy and moral influence, combined with a thorough and practical system of in- — struction. It was incorporated in 1866, and since that time has been under the immediate management of Rev. E. C. Cogswell as Principal. The school has a library of 500 volumes. Northwood Seminary is located in Northwood, on Clark's Hill, about two miles south-east from Northwood Centre, and commands the most extensive and finest scenery in that section of the State. From this point, at a glance, can be seen, nearly the whole basin of Rockingham County, the ocean and its numerous islands near the coast. It was incorporated in 1867, and gives the scholar a privilege of acquiring a thorough academical education. It has a library of 750 volumes. William H. Cotton Principal. Orford Academy is located in Orford village, on the Connecticut, and is well sustained. It was incorporated in 1853, and, has a library of 800 volumes. N. E. Stark, Principal. Pennacook Academy—This popular Institution is situated in the �524 LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. healthy and flourishing village of Fisherville, on the Northern Railroad, six miles north of the city of Concord. The buildings are of brick, and contain as elegant a suite of school- rooms and boarding apartments as may be found in any New-England academy, with ample grounds, beautifully ornamented and in the quiet part of the village, remote from the business streets. This academy lias been established at a large expense, and is supplied with the most approved fixtures common to a first class literary institution. E. C. Allen, Principal. N. Butler, Henry H. mittee. Brown and Rev. W. R. Jewett, Executive Peterborough High School, Peterborough. Com- Tliomas P. Maryatt, Principal. Pinkerton Academy is located in Derry. Incorporated in 1814. George T. Tuttle, Principal. Phillips Exeter Academt is located in the ancient and beautiful town of Exeter, and is one of the oldest and most popular, endowed, classical schools in New-England. The founder of this Institution, Dr. John Phillips, who was a native of Andover, Massachusetts, but for many years a resident of Exeter, is believed, by many, to have been the most liberal benefactor, in proportion to his earthly means, among our countrymen of the last century. In 1778, he founded Phillips Academy, at Andover, Mass., giving $ 31.000. about one third of this sum being bestowed at its commencement, and the other two thirds- inl790. He also endowed a professorship of theology in Dartmouth College, serving as one of its trustees for twenty years, and made liberal gifts to Princeton College, New-Jersey. The foundation and endowments of Phillips Exeter Academy, Dr. Phillips regarded as his own individual effort in which he required no coadjutor, and sought no pecuniary aid. From the Legislature, he obtained a charter, dated April 3, 1781. It is the oldest institution of learn- by State law, in New-Hampshire, Dartmouth College being chartered by royal grant, in 1769. The constitution and laws governing this school were drafted by his own hand, and the foresight in its draft manifests a profound and practical wisdom which fully equals his generosity. His ideas were libel al and catholic, and the sentiments embodied in this constitution, are worthy to be handed down to this generation, and to generations for ages to come. "Above all," he says, "it is expected that the attention of instructors to the disposition of the minds and morals of the youth under their charge will exceed every other care well considering that though goodness without knowledge is weak and feeble, yet knowledge without goodness is dangerous, and that both united form the noblest character, and lay the. surest foundation of usefulness to mankind. " And " it is again declared, that the first and principal design of this Institution is the promoting of virtue and true piety, useful knowledge being ing, established ; — subservient thereto." The school was opened for instruction, May 1st 1783, and from that date up to the present time its popularity as a first �525 LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. been maintained against the tide of changes which has swept over our country in every decade, not even excepting literary institutions. The same rules are now enforced, as to what is required of students, as were in the student days of Lewis Cass, Daniel Webster, and many others over three quarters of a century ago. Wealth and aristocracy have never found a foot-hold in this Institution, whereby poverty should be trampled, neither are the faculty allowed to cater to it, on any consideration, and without any regard to either, scholarship and deportment take the prize. The motto before the student is " Whatever you can rationally desire others should do to you, this class institution for learning, has — them in the kindest manner." portion of the academy funds, from the first, has been set apart for the special aid of a certain number oi youths of merit who lack the means of support, that number now being about twenty. They receive nearly Some of the enough to pay for their b. ard while attending school. brightest literary stars in the country have received this beneficiary that do for A and among the many who could be mentioned are the Honorable George Bancroft and Jared Sparks. It can be said that honest poverty, yearning for knowledge, can truly find a friend in this Institution. Mr. Phillip's endowments were made at several dates, and together with his last bequest, at the time of his death, April 21, 1795, amounted to at least $> 65,000. The present fund of the academy is about $ 125,000. Abbott Hall was erected about twenty years ago, at an expense of $20, 000, and is used for a study, and as a students' joint stock boarding house. In the early part of 1873, the Swamscot Hotel was purchased, and has been arranged for the same purpose. December 18, 1870, the old acadeaid, my building tique in its was burnt to the ground. It was a wooden structure, an- architecture, but having a venerable appearance. brick building has been erected upon its ashes, which modious and convenient. It was dedicated June 19, 1872. is A new more com- Special Endowments. There are two endowments worthy of mention, coming as they did from men who had been befriended by this academy in their youthful days, to complete their education. The first is called the " Bancroft Scholarship." The income of this scholarship, founded by Hon. George Bancroft, present minister to Berlin, amounts to $ 140, and is given to a meritorious scholar, selected by the Trustees. Sibley Book Fund. This fund is about $ 15,000, the income of which — appropriated for the purchase of text books for indigent students. The whole mimber of students who have entered this Institution up to the present rime is over 4,000 the present number is about 200. Instructors. Albert C. Perkins, A. M., Principal; George A. Went- is ; — worth, A. M., Professor of Mathematics; Bradbury L. Cilley, A. M., Professor of Ancient Languages; R. F. Penned, A. B., Instructor in Latin; Professsor Gideon L. Soule, LL. D., was principal of this Institution from 1838 to 1873, and instructor from 1822, to 1838. He retired in a service of fifty-one years. Portsmouth High School. This school was formerly in two departments, the boys occupying one department and the girls the other. June, 1873, after — �LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 520 now in one department. Robinson' Female Seminary The Robinson Female Seminary, in Exeter, was founded by the wise liberality of William Robinson, Esq., a native and early resident of that town, who passed his latter years in the State of Georgia. By his last will, after providing amply for his widow and near relatives, and endowing a school in the town where he resided, he bequeathed the residue of his large estate to the town of his nativity, to establish a female seminary, in which he directed that " the course of instruction should be such as would tend to make female scholars equal to all the practical duties of life such a course of education as will enable them to compete, and successfully, too, with their brothers throughout the world, when they take their part in the actual duties of life." He further provided, that in admitting applicants to the seminary, " all other things being equal, the preference should always be given to the poor and the orphan." The town of Exeter accepted the bequest, and adopted a code of regulations for the management of the contemplated institution, which was sanctioned by a legislative enactment. The sum of more than a quarter of a million of dollars, principal and income, was realized from the bequest, and a female seminary was at once organized on a scale commensurate with the design of the founder and the magnitude of his gift. In 1867, the institution was opened for the reception of pupils, and in 1869 it was fully organized and established in the new and elegant buildThis has been changed, and both sexes are — ; ing erected for — it. The seminary receives, free of charge, female pupils belonging to the town of Exeter, who must be at least nine years of age and qualified for Grammar all other pupils a moderate omitted in all suitable cases, upon proper application. The entire course of study is comprised in three departments the Preparatory, Academic, and Collegiate which are designed to embrace a thorough course of instruction, up to the most admission to the sum for tuition is required, schools; though from this is — — advanced studies. The number of students has averaged from 225 to 275, of whom much number belong in Exeter. The immediate government of the Robinson Female Seminary is vested in Eben S. Stearns, M. A., the greater Principal, with ten assistants who are all ladies. — The Board of Trustees are as follows Charles H. Bell, President Abnei Merrill, Joshua Gitchell, Noah Hooper, William P. Moulton, John ; E. Gardner, Samuel' W. Leavitt. Rochester High School, Rochester. Rollinsford High School, Rollinsfoi'd. Milton C. Hyde, Princi- pal. Simoxds Free High School, See Warner. So.mersworth High School, Somersworth. W. H. Farrer, Princi- pal. Stevens High School, Claremont. This popular Institution was founded through the liberal endowments of Paran Stevens, Esq., of NewYork, a former resident of this town. These endowments amounted to �LITERATI Y INSTITUTIONS. 527 68,000, S 15,000 of which was appropriated to assist the town in erecting suitable buildings, and$ 50,000 as a permanent fund to support the school. By the will of the late Mrs. E. B. Alden, $3,000 was also en- $ dowed for the benefit of the school. The school, though established and endowed, nificence, is entirely public in its character. largely, Any by private mu- child living in the town, who is twelve years of age and can pass the required examination, can be admitted to all its privileges. The committee having the school in charge is elected annually in open town meeting as other town officers are, any one member or all the members being subject to change with the will of the voters. The building, located upon a principal street, on an ample lot enclosed by an iron fence, is of brick, two stories high, placed over a fine cemented basement which contains the furnace, and surmounted by a slated mansard roof, in which is an ample hall the whole size of the building, used for the assembly of the school for devotion, musical exercises, lecturing, examinations &c. The central stories are divided into four large schoolrooms capable of accommodating two hundred scholars, while the average attendance, since the first year, has not exceeded half that number. The expense of this fine building was over S 27,000. It was finished and opened for the first school, in September, 1868. Arthur J. Swain, is the present Principal. Mr. Stevens died in May, 1872. He has placed a monument in Claremont, of which the name written on its tablet will ever be cherished by the generations to come a monument more honorable to his memory and more lasting than one of marble, towering high to meet the starry heavens, far above the shaft of Bunker Hill. St. Paul's School is in the city of Concord, about two miles west of the State House, and was first opened on Thursday, April 3, 1856, for the admission of pupils. The act of incorporation by the Legislature is dated June 29, 1855. The first meeting of the Board of Trustees was held September 5, 1855. The design with which it was founded is sufficiently expressed in these words, from the deed of gift: "The founder is de; endowing a school of the highest class, for boys, in which they education which shall fit them either for College or busi- sirous of may obtain an ness; including thorough intellectual training in the various branche3 of learning; gymnastic and manly exercises adapted to preserve health and strengthen the physical condition such aesthetic culture and accomplishments as shall tend to refine the manners and elevate the taste, together with careful moral and religious instruction." The full course of instruction is designed to cover seven years, and to prepare for admission to the Freshman or Sophomore class in our best ; Colleges. The religious instruction is in accordance with the Liturgy and other Formularies of the Protestant Episcopal church, There are about 160 students and twelve instructors. The Rev. Henry A. Coit, D. D., is the Rector. The Right Rev. Bishop iules is the President of the Corporation. �LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 528 TILDEN SEMINARY. West Lebanon. Tilden Female Seminary was erected in 1854, as recorded on the over the front door. Among the early contributors to this noble enterprise were William Tilden, Esq., and Richard B. Kimball, Esq., of New- York; Prof. Charles B. Haddock, Mr. Allen II. Weld, and Mr. Joseph Wood. Mr. Tilden was the largest contributor, and hence the seminary took his marble block in the wall name. During the first ten years, three principals Prof. A. H. Weld, James Means, and V. H. Dean in this order, had charge of the school. Vary- — — ing fortune attended their efforts. In the spring of 1865, Mr. Hiram Orcutt, the present Principal, leased the property and re-opened the sc hool, having in charge, also, for the three following years, Glenwood Ladies Seminary, at Brattleboro, Vt. In the fall of 1868, Mr. William Tilden, the original founder, decided to enlarge the building, by erecting two spacious wings, which were completed the following spring, at an expense of over $ 20,000. In June of 1869, a new charter was secured from the legislature, and a new Board of Trustees appointed. The hall, building, as completed, contains a spacious rooms gymnasium, dining- for the family of the principal, studio, a reading, historical, and library room, and some fifty pleasant rooms for boarders. The out-fit has cost some $ 50,000. The school has been in successful operation during these years, and at present (1873) has pupils from seventeen different States of our Union. — Expenses For board and tuition in the English course, for the Academic year, $ 225 for board and regular instruction in all departments of the school, for three successive sessions, $ 300. Troy High School, Troy.— Mrs. Louisa B. Wright, Principal. Tubbs Union Academy is pleasantly located in the town of Washington. It is a popular Institution in the vicinity of its location, and is well sustained, under the supervison of its present teachers Misses Beede and Sanborn. It has a fund which relieves part of the expenses ; — of managing the school. Walpole High School, Walpole. Curtis R. Crowe!!, Principal. �529 PUBLIC STATE INSTITUTIONS. PUBLIC STATE INSTITUTIONS. NEW-HAMPSHIRE ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE. This popular Institution is located in the city of Concord, about one half mile south-west from the State House. It is situated on Pleasant Street, on elevated ground, overlooking the southern portion of the City and an extensive range of country towards the south and south-east. This From Asylum was created by an act of the Legislature, in 1838. was expended in the organization, and erecting necessary buildings, which consisted of a center structure, forty-six by fifty-one feet, four stories high, two wings extending in opposite directions, each being thirty-six by ninety this date, to 1842, the time location, feet, and three stories high. The center was devoted to business purposes, while the wings afforded accommodations patients of each sex. It was opened for forty-five for the reception of patients, October 28, 1842. In 1845, it was found necessary to erect a separate building, to accommodate the more disturbed class of the insane, remote from the quiet portion in the main buildings. In 1849-50, another wing was added, which gives accommodations for fifty more patients. In 1854-5, a fourth extension was made, on the same side, thirty-four by sixty feet, and three stories high. This last building was also used for the accommodation of the disturbed class, to the number of twenty-one. In 1856, another wing was erected, on the opposite side, thirty-six by one hundred and forty-six feet, and three stories high, adding room for about sixty women. In 1856-7, another extension was made, on the same side, giving additional room for thirty patients. In 1868-69 was added a building in the rear of the original center for a bakery, kitchen, ordinary, dining rooms and chapel in the second story. As now constructed, the Asylum will give accommodations for two hundred and sixty patients, and the buildings, together with the land for the location, has cost the State one hundred and ninetyfour thousand dollars ($ 194,000). State to provide buildings at It has been the policy of the the public expense, and require a charge for board sufficient to cover the necessary running expenses of the institution, and the Trustees have always sought to fix the rate as low as consistent with the maintenance of a first class hospital. The Asylum is under the management of twelve Trustees, ap- �NEW-HAMPSHIRE ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE. 530 pointed and commissioned by the Governor and Council, for a term of four years, three retiring from the board, and three appointed These Trustees receive no compensation for their expenses alone being allowed. every year. ser- vices, actual traveling The Governor and of the House are, Council, President of the Senate, and Speaker ex-officio, constituted a visiting committee, with power to examine into the condition and affairs of the Institution, and see that its benevolent designs are being fully carried out. "With these wise precautions, it does seem that the New-Hampshire Asylum for the Insane should be far above suspicion of any irregufull larities, which are now resting upon similar States and while ; ments, lum it economy is institutions, in practiced in all of its other arrange- has always been the policy of the Managers of this Asy- make to strict it respects a curative Institution. in all Thirty-four hundred (3400) persons have received its care and treatment from the beginning; and of this number over fourteen hundred (1400) have been restored to their mental health. By Statute, the appropriated to sum assist of six thousand dollars ($ 6,000) is annually the indigent insane in the payment of their support at the Asylum, to be appropriated by the Governor sum being over one third of this In addition the ; not credited to their support by towns. to this State aid, the indigent insane receive, annually, sum of eight thousand dollars ($ 8,000), derived from the inter- by various benevolent persons These two charities so greatly lighten the burden est of legacies left benefit of the for their benefit. as to bring the Hospital within the reach of those of very small means. The permanent funds of Adams the Institution are derived as follows; Conant fund, 16,000 Chandler fund, $25, Kimball fund, 000; Fisk fund, 811,699; Kent fund, $ 150,000 $6,753; Rumford fund, $15,000 Sherman fund, $5,000; making a total of $ 221,552. It is expected that this amount will be increased $ 20,000 by a legacy from Miss Arabella Rice, of Portsfund, $ 1,200 ; ; ; ; mouth. The number of patients in this Institution in June, 1873, men and 137 women 23 men and 10 women have died within the year number recovered in the same time, 61. total was 276 — 139 ; ; Although the Asylum, for the past thirty years, still its has been con- and convenience, architectural beauty has always been kept in view, and as stantly undergoing exterior changes, both in size �OFFICERS OF THE INSTITUTION. now arranged, 531 the buildings present a fine and imposing appear- ance, excelled by few like institutions in this country. There is connected with this Institution, one of the best farms in the State. The farm, together with the Asylum grounds, an area of one hundred and twenty-five acres. ture, There is contains also a pas- about one mile south-west from the home farm, which con- tains fifty-four acres. In 1871, Legislature appropriated the $ 7,000 to remove the old, and erect a new farm barn. The buildings, as repaired and improved, cost $ 10,940, and consisted of a farm barn, horse barn, carriage house, barn sheds, carpenter and machine shop, &c. The barn is 110 feet A driveway goes through the long, 45 feet wide feet post. pass through without difficulty. In aud 22 teams can appointments it is a center, so that all its There are twenty-six cows, eight horses, twenty-eight fatting hogs and some thirty others of different ages. Some of the model barn. most important products, one year with another, are 80 tons of hay, 400 bushels of corn (in the ear), 300 bushels of oats, 300 bushels of potatoes, 9,500 gallons of milk, 30 pigs sold, 15 calves sold, 9,000 pounds of pork, 400 heads of cabbage, 92 bushels of tomatoes, 80 bushels of onions, 500 bushels of apples, &c. Everything around the farm and farm buildings indicates that it is under the manage- ment of husbandmen who understand their business, and the examshown here is worthy to be imitated by hundreds of farmers in this State who idle away one half of their time, complaining of ple the hard lot of a farmer's life. OFFICERS OF THE INSTITUTION. Board of Visitors. (Ex-officio.) His Excellency Ezekiel A. Dow, Hon. John J. Morrill, Hon. William P. Newell, Hon. Dexter Richards, Hon. Joseph Powers, Hon Charles H. Campbell, President of the Senate, Hon Asa Fowler Speaker of the House of Representatives. Board of Trustees. Hon. Isaac Spaulding, Nashua, Presi dent, Joseph B. Walker, Esq., Concord, Secretary, Hon. Charles A Tufts, Dover, George B. Twitchell, M. D., Keene, Hon. John Sanborn, Wakefield, Hon. E. A. Hibbard, Laconia, William G Perry, M. D., Exeter, Hon. Denison R. Burnhara, Plymouth Waterman Smith, Esq., Manchester, Hon. Dexter Richards, New port, George W. Haven, Esq., Portsmouth, Henry Colony, Esq., Straw, Hon. Samuel P. W Keene. Resident Officers. J. P. Bancroft, M. D., Sup't, Treasurer �NEW-HAMPSHIRE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE. 532 and Physician; J. P. Brown, M. D., Assistant Physician; J. C. Cockbum, M. D., Second Assistant and Apothecary; Mr. W. T. Mc Lam, Steward; ^NJiss H. W. Moore, Matron. XEW-HAMPSHIRE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND THE MECHANIC ARTS. This college is a State Institution, established expressly for the promotion of the industrial interests of New-Hampshire. In July, 1862, Congress passed an act to establish colleges of agriculture and the mechanic and made a any such institution arts in the several States, liberal grant of public land for the support of which might be established. In June, 1866, the legislature of this State accepted the provisions of the congressional act, and established the College of Agriculture, to be located at cial Hanover, and to be connected, by a spe- arrangement, with Dartmouth College. The college is under the direction of nine trustees, of whom five by the governor with advice of the council, and four by the trustees of Dartmouth College. The fund of the college derived from the sale of 150,000 acres of land, amounts to S 80,000 and is securely invested in six per cent. New-Ham;>shire bonds. Under the law passed by Congress, no part of this fund could be expended in the erection of any buildings. About this time the late David Culver bequeathed to Dartmouth College fifteen thousand dollars for the promotion of agricultural science. This bequest the trustees of Dartmouth College offered to contribute, with an additional sum of ten thousand dollars, of their own funds, bequeathed to them by Mrs. David Culver, together with a fine lot are appointed for the erection of a suitable building, provided the State of Hampshire would increase the fund generous offer the legislature to forty thousand dollars. of 1869, accepted, and NewThis the college building called "Culver Hall" was erected. It is pronounced by competent judges one of the finest educational structures in NewEngland. It is a plain, imposing brick structure of four stories, having a length of one hundred and a breadth of sixty feet, cover- ed with a lofty Mansard roof. The basement is to be reserved for an extensive collection of agricultural implements and models of machinery. The other stories afford rooms for lecture, recitation, library, museum, weighing room, and laboratory, furnished with �NEW-HAMPSHIRE ORPHANS' HOME. modern appliances all the 533 for the practical study of chemistry, &c. is a farm of nearly 400 acres, 162 and presented to the institution by the late Hon. John Conant, of Jaffrey. This farm will afford the student an opportunity of seeing the practical application of the theoretical knowledge which he is acquiring in the college. There are two terms in the year, covering the time from the 1st In connection with the college acres of which was purchased of September, to the 19th of April, excepting a vacation of four weeks The tuition is $ 15 per in mid-winter. It has a course term. of study covering a period of three years, in which science and application to agriculture and other manual industries are its made especially prominent. Twelve free scholarships, one for each senatorial district, estab- lished in connection with the congressional grant, are designed to young men of limited means in educating themselves for the During the past year a scholarship has life. been established by the Hon. John Conant for each town of Chesaid practical avocations of Young men hire County. make desiring a State scholarship, should application to the senators of their respective districts ; those desiring one of the town scholarships, should apply to the selectmen of the town in which they reside. There are other scholarships available to worthy applicants from any part of the State. NEW-HAMPSHIRE ORPHANS' HOME. The New-Hampshire Orphans' Home and School of a benevolent institution, chartered by the State, but upon the voluntary contributions of the people essary to meet the expenses of and belongs equally to all its Methodists, Universalists, Christians, Freewill Baptist, sented, upon its Board of Trustees is for the funds nec- establishment and maintenance denominations who aid Congregationalist, tributions. Industry relies entirely it by Baptist, their con- Unitarians, and Friends are repre- as visitors. It receives as its beneficiaries all promising children of want, without regard to social status, complexion or nationality. It is for orphans and those that are worse than orphans, render- ed so by the dissolute character and poverty of their parents. The is to extend the hand of sympathy to upon the rough sea of life, who have been deprived of good homes either by misfortune or neglect, and instead of leaving object of the institute those waifs �NEW-HAMPSHIRE ORPHANS* HOME. 534 them to graduate in crime, draw them to comfort and safety, and send them on their way to true success, to a rational happiness and a useful life. While the children remain at the institution, they are he well cared to for, morally, intellectually and physically, a school beiug in session, through the year, for their special benefit, also on Sunday Divine Service, and a Sunday school. When plac- ed in families, the parties that receive them are bound to exercise — over them a kind and' paternal care 1st by furnishing them with proper food and clothing, in sickness and in health, 2d. by securing them the advantages of a good common school education, and at times using their influence, both by precept and example, to train them to habits of industry, economy, self-reliance, temperance and morality, that they may be fitted, in due time, to take their The boys as well as the places as honorable members of society. girls are to receive, when eighteen years of age, their time, an extra suit of clothing and such compensation in money as they may to all reasonably deserve. The Location. location of the Home is England, rich in historical associations one of the — where finest in New- was brought to maturity one of the greatest intellects America, or even the world, has ever produced. The "Webster Farm," upon which this insti- two and a half miles below 4he flourishing village of Franklin, and about sixteen miles above the city of Concord, on the right bank of the Merrimack, on the line of the Northern Railway, and presents a home view of as fine country scenery as tution is located, can be found " is in the central portion of this State. Webster Farm," Webster and his Relative to the mother the poet has well said. "What hallowed memories arise Within our hearts and dim our eyes. We think of him without a peer, Who spent his happy boyhood here, And with his brother brave and true, Ate honest bread and earned it too. We call to mind that mother dear, Whose precious dust lies buried near Her record is preserved on high, In characters that cannot die." New-Hampshire has the honor of establishing the first Orphans' Home, outside of city limits, in New-England. The first voluntary State Convention ever held in the United States, for this purpose, was held in Eagle Hall in the city of Concord, February 21, A. D. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE ORPHANS' HOME. 1871, and resulted in the inauguration of the 535 New-Hampshire Or- phans' Home. It was dedicated with appropriate and impressive ceremonies, October 19, 1871, and on the third day of November following, the first beneficiary was received. Since that date, sev- enty-one children of want have come under the sheltering care of this institution, representing land, Scotland, seven nationalities, viz. France, Ire- Ten Germany, Africa, America and England. are orphan children of soldiers. The financial condition During the first year of of the its Home to November 1st A. D. 1873. existence, the institution fed, clothed, furnished medical attendance and instruction to fifty-six orphan and homeless children paid for fitting up the Home, and furnishing the farm with tools and stock, and laid aside a fund of $ 5,000, and had twenty-six hundred dollars in the treasury at the close of ; the year. During the second year of 1, its active existence, which ended A. D., 1873, It kept its permanent fund good, using nothing but its Nov. interest, raised a building fund of over ten thousand dollars, paid out over $ 700. for personal property for the institution, increased the num- ber of children to 71, met all of the current expenses, which were increased by sickness, and exchequer. belonging to still finds itself —with an unexhausted And we take pleasure in adding that the Real Estate the Home and free from debt has increased in value thousand dollars. There has been paid to the Treasurer at Concord, N. H., $ 31,061.37 To the Hon George W. Nesmith in Franklin, N. H., 5,000.00 Donations in bedding, clothing, furniture &c., 1,500.00 In the Treasury and on subscription 2,500.00 ten $40,061.37 Assets of the Institution. The Webster Home, ManFarm House, out-buildings, and 180 acres of land, with the new building, partly completed $ 25,000.00 Furniture of the Home, stock, farming tools and produce. 5,500.00 Estate, including the ancestral sion House, . Permanent fund invested . for the Institution 5,000.00 $ 35,500.00 The following are the individuals and churches, who have gener- ously donated 8 500 and over, for the establishment and mainten- ance of this benevolent institution Space will not permit us to �NEW-HAMPSHIRE STATE PRISON. 536 who have bestowed their and who doubtless are quite as deserving of reward give the names of hundreds of others, lesser gifts, as those who are blessed with larger worldly means. The Hon. George W. Nesmith, of Franklin Mrs. Betsey Whitehouse, Pembroke Levi Lyman, Esq., Walpole $ 1,000.00 1,100.00 1,000.00 Nathaniel White, Esq., and Family, of Concord H. II. Ladd, Esq., and Mother, of Portsmouth 1,000.00 680.00 Hon. Frank Jones, of Portsmouth 600.00 Nashua Hon. Dexter Richards, Newport John C. Morrison, of Fisherville Churches. Franklin St. Congregational Church Sunday School ManJ. G. Graves, M. D., chester 500.00 500.00 500.00 1,1 South Congregational Church, Sunday School and Orphan Helpers, Concord Hanover St. Congregational Church and Sunday School, Manchester First Congregational Church, Portsmouth, nearly First Congregational Church, Sunday School, Nashua, over Olive St. Congregational Church Sunday School, Nashua. 10.00 1,000.00 700.00 700.00 600,00 nearly Mrs. Frances M. Farley, Bradford, N. Unitarian Society and Sabbath School, Keene Congregational Church and Society of Amherst, over Churches and citizens of Peterborough, over Churches and citizens of Rochester, over 500.00 Churches and citizens of Littleton, nearly Churches and citizens of the city of Dover Churches and citizens of Lebanon Churches and citizens of Franklin Middle St. Baptist Church, Portsmouth 500.00 H 500.00 519.00 500.00 500.00 600.00 500.00 1,000.00 3,000.00 550.00 Officers of the Home. Nesmith, Franklin, President; Hon, O. W. Fowler, Hon. John Kimball, Concord, Treasurer; Rev. D. A. Mack, Franklin, Superintendent; Mrs. A. R. Mack, Matron; Miss Jennie Mack, Teacher. Hon. George W. Bristol, "Vice President; NEW-HAMPSHIRE STATE PRISON. This Institution is situated in Concord, and located on State Street about one third of a mile north of the State House. The dark, heavy, stone walls, together with the antique architecture of this building, do not present a very imposing appearance from �NEW-HAMPSHIRE STATE PRISON. 537 » the Street, and, in imagination, remind one of an old French Basor an ancient Englishman's castle, built more as a defence to guard against attacks from without, than for any beauty or taste, which in these days are frequently combined with strength. The central part and south wing of the prison were built in 1812, at which time the Institution went into operation, having one prisIn 1833, the oner, the number in 1813 being increased to twelve. with the improvements of the north wing was added, to correspond tile, In age. this building is a hall with 120 cells for the convicts. It and warmed by steam, but all men of humane judgment who have visited this prison hall, acknowledge that the cells are one third too small for human beings to sleep in, and enjoy good health, without great inconvenience to the overseers, and by lighted is gas, The individual continuous watchful care as to sanitary regulations. convenience of convicts should never be consulted only as to their physical health, but no law, formed either by legislative act or long continued practice, has any moral right to punishment on inflict any person, however great his crime, that will impair his health, The especially when a fair day's work is demanded at his hands. whole number of convicts in the prison, April 30, 1873, was 88 white males 78 black males 6, and 4 females. 16 were under 20 20 between years of age when committed 40 between 20 and 30 and 50, and only 7 over 50 years. Of 30 and 40 5 between 40 28 convicts claimed this number, 23 were married and 65 single. to be temperate men in their habits before their commitment, while 60 acknowledged themselves to have been intemperate, and were under the influence of wine when they committed the deeds for which they are now paying the penalty. 77 can read and write 7 can only read, and 4 can neither read nor write. 6 were committed for murder, 3 for murder in the second degree, and one for man; ; ; The slaughter. rest were convicted of various crimes, but the larger portion for stealing in different forms, but in such small sums, as not to be in keeping with the moral sentiments of the day in relation to stealing. Rockingham County 8 ; Strafford, 11 borough, 29 The ; ; furnishes of the present Belknap, 2 Cheshire, 8 ; Carroll, 3 Sullivan, 1 ; ; Within number of convicts, Merrimack, 14 is ; Hills- and Coos, 5. inclosed on three Grafton, 7 prison yard including about two acres, ; this inclosure, is one of the brick work shops in the State, and no doubt is the saving sides by a heavy granite wall. finest ; �NEW-HAMPSHIRE STATE PRISON. 538 grace for the dilapidated prison buildings at the present time. The manufacturing of bedsteads is the only mechanical employment of the convicts, is doubtful turn who are let under contract to George T. Comius. if there is It an equal number of men in the State, who more work than the convicts in this bedstead shop. 10,000 lumber of various kinds are daily cut up for bedsteads. oft" feet of The discipline is very strict but not cruel. A vigilant eye is kept on the convicts every moment, and they are soon fully convinced that no chance will be offered them to make their escape. Consequently they are more contented and cheerful than a lax Their food is wholesome and ample. cipline cau make them. dis- No brown bread can be made than the bread furnished for these convicts. Their cots and cells are kept clean, well The State went to aired, and are as large as the State furnishes. expense of sending Mr. Allen Folger to the International Prison the Congress, held in London in July 1872, as commissioner from NewHampshire, and in his report made to Governor Straw, he says the cells in the English prisons, compared to New-Hampshire State's better wheat and Prison cells are very large, being seven feet wide by eight feet long, and eight This feet high. is quite a contrast to cells less than four It is to be hoped that feet wide, seven long and seven feet high. the expense of sending Mr. Folger to London, will not be wholly lost to the best iuterest of the State. A six inch main water pipe has been laid the entire length of yard, with two hydrants set at convenient distances, and having two hundred this feet of hose to guard against fire. management of the Warden, J. C. Prison has become a paying institution, instead of a Under the present pense to the State. Pillsbury, bill of ex- In the three years that Mr. Pillsbury has had charge of the Prison, it has earned over and above all expenses, in- cluding repairs &c, $20,035.11. This amount has been passed to the credit of the Prison account with the State, and eventually will be used to make extensive repairs of the old buildings or erect new ones. There is a library of fifteen hundred volumes connected with the Prison, for the use of the convicts. Within a few all years, a law has been established which orders that persons convicted of murder and sentenced to be executed, shall less than one year prior to the which shall take place within the walls of be confined in the State Prison not day of their execution, �NEW-HAMPSHIRE STATE PRISON. 539 the prison, the sheriff of the county in which the deed was commit. ted acting as executioner. Since this law, one person has been executed, and another under sentence The first to is be hung the third Tuesday of February, 1874. victim of his crime was Josiah L. Pike, thirty-one years was of age, a native of Portsmouth, but at the time of the deed, making his home in Newburyport, Massachusetts. Mr. Thomas Brown and wife were an aged couple, residing in Hampton Falls, and living on a small farm with other sufficient means for their maintenance. Josiah L. Pike was a young man, of loose habits, and frequently assisted Mr. Brown on his farm, always receiving fair many compensation for his services; besides he was times the object of charity from the motherly hands of Mrs. Brown. when he In the was paid the full amount for his labor and also received, as a gift from Mrs. Brown, a pair of new woolen feetiugs. Through the following winter he led a dissolute life, frequently being under the influence of liquor. This conduct naturally brought him into straitened circumstances, by spring, and very much in want of money. Through some source he learned that Mr. Brown had sold a yoke fall of 1867, he assisted Mr. Brown, and left of oxen and had received his pay for them in money. night of May 7, On the Brown many times 1867, he went secretly to the house of Mr. and inhumanly murdered him and his wife, who had so befriended him in time of need. For this dark and bloody deed, Pike was arrested, and in clue time, convicted of the murder. He paid the penalty of his crime by being hung in the south-west corner of the prison hall, November 9, 1869, Joseph P. Morse, of Portsmouth, acting as his executioner. Franklin B. Evans is a native of Strafford, and at the date of the crime for which he stands convicted, and sentenced, was living in Northwood, and sixty one years of age. Georgianna Lovering, a and only fourteen years of niece of Evans, grandparents, in North wood near the Strafford Evans for many years had age, lived with her line. lived a wandering life, sometimes traveling through the country as a physician, pretending to wonderful cures while at other times he would be dressed ; effect in a sanctimonious garb and assume the profession and duties of an itinerant preacher, but through all his various professions there never was a more evil designing and hypocritical heart, than beat He had long watched Georin the breast of Franklin B. Evans. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE STATE PRISON. 540 gianna with evil intent, and deeply laid his plans whereby he could God know ruin her, and no one but himself and his Near the it. abode of Georgianna was the edge of a deep forest, and the largest tract of wood-land in Rockingham County, covering an area of nearly 2000 acres. In these woods Evans had placed some snares with the pretension of catching partridges, but doubtless, for no other purpose than to lure his victim into his lecherous grasp. After these plans had been consummated, he commenced his sophistry with Georgianna by telling her simple stories about snar- ing these beautiful birds, which naturally attracted her childish and one morning she accompanied him to the traps, but In this visit, Evans had finished his second act in this great tragedy. He had shown the innocent girl where these snares were concealed, so that she could go alone into the forest and find them. A few mornings after this advencuriosity, no birds had been secured. ture, October 25, 1872, he requested her to accommodate him by visiting the snares, that morning, alone, as he was obliged another way and be absent nearly the whole day. to go She hesitated comply with about going, but at length, reluctantly, consented to his request, and he started* apparently, on his way to fulfil his day's engagement, but, doubtless, went directly and concealed him- woods to watch the movements of his intended victim. She put on her shawl and hat, kissed her grandmother good bye, and started out of doors to go to the forest as she had promised her uncle, which was the- last time that Georgianna Lovering was ever seen alive by any human being, save Evans. Her prolonged absence from the house caused her grandfather to go to the forest and call for her but no response came. He returned to the house, and he and the mother of the child went again to the woods for a more thorough search, and, in a short time, self near the ; found the girl's apron, and, still farther in the deep forest, brush fence, they found her comb ; but the whereabouts of the child were at once alarmed, all lost. The neighborhood was and a general search was made that day and night and through the next day, but all their efforts Suspicion, at once, strongly pointed to thing about. the loss of Georgianna, as had not been, that day, where he in near a other traces relative to were of no Evans it as avail. knowing some- was ascertained that he was going,- but told the girl he an opposite direction, and, further, could give no account of He was arrested and tried himself for several hours of that day. �NEW-HAMPSHIRE STATE PRISON. 541 before a justice court, and the evidence being so strong against him, he was bound over to the higher court to be holden at Exeter. Evans, seeing his critical situation, made a partial confession, but He acknowledged his statements, in detail, were base falsehoods. he knew where she was, but said she had been carried away by a man living in Kingston or vicinity. statements to be knew all false, about the whereabouts of the resort to stratagem to induce accordingly made Evans harmless he would With The if this assurance, Sheriff soon found these but he was more fully convinced that Evans tell to him to girl, make a and he determined true confession. to He understand that he would save him the truth where the girl could be found. on Thursday, about midnight, six days after her disappearance, he told the Sheriff he would go with him and show where the girl was. Through this dark forest, at midnight, they silently pursued their way, over rocks and decayed logs, through swamps and glades, and there, in the recess of this deep wood, beneath the roots of an upturned tree, this worse than criminal pointed to a pile of dried leaves, and coolly said " there she is ". The Sheriff gently moved away the leaves and by the dim light of his lantern were revealed the mutilated remains of Georgianna Lovering, who came to her end by deeds too revolting in character to be recorded and too inhuman to be committed by any person born and brought up beneath the shades of the granite hills of New-Hampshire. For this foul and bloody deed, worse than murder, Evans has been convicted and sentenced to be hung, within the walls of the State's Prison, the third Tuesday in February, 1874. If Evans lives, there is no doubt but the sentence will be executed. �542 STATISTICAL TABLE. TABLE Showing the deceased, Number and of Convicts in the P/'ison, committed, discharged, pardoned, escaped, in each year, since the establishment of the Institution, 1812. _• �NEW-HAMPSHIRE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 543 The foregoing table reveals some curious facts for moralists to who are continually advocating that the world is growing more wicked instead of better. At the commencement of the war in 1861, there were 119 convicts within the walls of the prison, and 42 commitments, the largIn 1865, at the close of est number in one year up to that date. the war, there were but 70 in prison and only nine commitments for the year. The next year (1866) the number of convicts had increased to 111, and the commitments were 60, being 14 more than ever were committed to prison in a single year. The largest number ever in the prison at a single time was 135, in 1868 and the same year 46 were committed. Since the latter date the number has been gradually diminishing, and in 1873 there were but ponder, ; 88, with our cities constantly increasing in population. One of two things is evident either our laws are executed with ; and the county work-houses absorb the small criminals or the mass of the people are growing better as the world grows less rigor ; wiser. NEW-HAMPSHIRE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. Board of Instruction. —Horatio 0. Abbie H. Holton, Preceptress: Ladd, A. M., Principal; Wal- Carrie E. Hall, William E. ker, Assistants. Board of Trustees. ram — George Orcutt, A. M., Secretary, Day, President, Dover HiHon. Ezekiel A. David G. Beede, Superintendent, T. West Lebanon Straw, Governor, Manchester Sandwich, with thirteen others. ; ; ; M. AVhittier, Treasurer, Plymouth. Terms begin February 25, and September 11, 1874. Expenses. Board, $3 to $4 per week. Tuition, $8 C. — to $10 per term. . Number of Graduates — Fall 1871, 9 ; Fall Term, 1872, 28 ; Term, 1871, 6 ; Spring Term, Spring Term, 1873, 32; Fall Term, 1873, 26. Establishment and Purposes of the School. tion was established by act of the Legislature, to obtain a better training of teachers for the in —This Institu- June, A. D., 1870, common schools of was located at Plymouth, and its first term of eight weeks was held there during the spring of 1871, under the management of Amos Hadley, A. M. the State ; �STATE REFORM SCHOOL. 514 Before the Fall term H. 1871, Silas Pearl, A. M., was elected Principal, remaining in charge until his decease in August, 1873, when the Trustees employed the present Principal. Terms op Admission, and Course of Study. — Candidates — must pass examination in the fundamental rules in arithmetic the natural and political divisions of the earth, and the general geography of this State, in geography; and the first principles of grammar and analysis. There are two courses of study the first including the common — English branches ; Graduates of the the second, the higher. first course are entitled to teach in this State, without further requisi- and for the second course, tions, for three years, Location and Buildings. — Plymouth is five years. near the geographical center of the State, at the confluence of Baker's River and the Pemigewasset, on the line of the Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad, about fifty miles fro > Concord. The buildings are mod- ern in style and convenience, the school buildings having cost nearly 6 20,000, and the boarding house being situated just above on one of the most beautiful sites in the village — overlooking it, the and with a fine view of the mountain region at charming summer resort stands. See engrav- valleys of both rivers whose gateway this ing of building on page 306. STATE REFORM SCHOOL. — Hon. David Pres., Portsmouth Hon. William P. Wheeler, Keene, Hon. Daniel Clark, Sec, Manchester, D. C. Churchill, Esq., Lyme, Hon. L. P. Cooper, Croydon, Edward Ingham, Sup't. and Treasurer. The New-Hampshire State Reform School was chartered in 1855, and one hundred acres of the Gen. John Stark farm, lying on the east bank of the Merrimack River, in the city of Manchester, one and one-half miles from the City Hall, was, the same year, purTrustees. Gillis, Daniel Marcv, ; Esq., Nashua, chased for ten acres its more cost of one location, at a cost land, from the often thousand dollars — to which same farm, have been added, at a thousand dollars. Buildings, suited to the design of the Institution, were immediately erected, at a cost of three thousand dollars, and, in 1858, it was opened for the reception of " Juvenile and Female Offenders against the laws," under the title which was subsequently changed of "The House to its present of Reformation name. ", �STATE REFORM SCHOOL. 545 To this date, Oct. 14, 1873, 742 children, including both sexes, have been committed to its care, all of whom have been more or less benefitted by being subjected to its restraints and discipline, and a large proportion have come to be of average character with other citizens of the State. The Institution than penal, and is is regarded and managed as reformatory rather supported by an annual appropriation of six thousand dollars from the State, which, with the amount collected for the maintenance of the inmates two dollars per week togeth- — er with their earnings, amply — meet the ordinary expenses. It has a fund of ten thousand dollars bequeathed to it before it had a being even by a former citizen of Manchester, the late James Mc'K. Wilkins, Esq., and also, of three thousand dollars, donated by Moody Kent, Esq., late of Pittsfield, both of which are kept intact in principal. The whole number in the school, during the year 1872, has been is sufficient to — — 139 number of these, 17 have been discharged 10 have been honorably discharged by the Trustees, for good conduct 5 have had homes found them by the ; received, 47 at expiration of sentence ; ; ; the Superintendent, and 1 has been sent to his alternate sentence. Five have escaped, leaving 101 in the school. Average time of detention of the children discharged, 2 years and 6 months. Of the whole number 47 are Americans; 77 Irish 9 French German 1 English 4 Mixed (African); and were committed ; I ; ; ; by Supreme Judicial Court, 31 Manchester Police Court, 41 Dover Police Court, 7 Concord Police Court, 7 Nashua Police ; ; ; Court, 6; Portsmouth Police Court, 6 1 Farmington ; Police Court, 1 ; Somersworth Police Court, Great Falls Police Court, 1 ; ; Justices of the Peace, 38. For the term of minority, 45 14 ; 4 years, 8 ; 3 years, 21 ; payment of fine and costs. For the offence of stealing, 61 ing, 27 10 ; ; night walking, 1 truancy, 11 At ; ; forgery, 12 years, 14 ; ; 1 ; 6 years, 3 ; 4 ; ; 5 years, and year, 25, firing buildings, stubbornness, 24 ; 1 till house break- idleness or vagrancy, 1. the age of 7 years, 3 II years, 12 7 years. 4 ; 2 years, 18 ; ; 8 years, 5 ; 13 years, 14 26; 16 years, 22; 17 years, 1. There is a chair shop attached 9 years, 11 ; ; 10 years, 12 14 years, 19 to the school in dren have earned, the past year, $6,222.26. ; ; 15 years, which the chil- �546 RELIGION. RELIGION. The constitution of New-Hampshire guarantees ual the right to worship God according to every individ- to the dictates of his own conscience, provided he does not disturb the 'public peace, nor dis- In July 1819, the memorawas passed by the legislature of New-Hampshire, which provides that no person shall be compelled to join, or support, or be classed with, or associated to any church or religious society, without his express consent first had been obtained, and that any person may withdraw from a society of which he is a member, by leaving a written notice with the clerk of the same. turb others in their religious worship. ble act called the toleration law, The following notes comprise accounts of all the principal de- nominations found within the limits of our State. ORTHODOX. — GWgregationalists. * The organization of the first CongreNew-Hampshire was in 1638, 18 years subse- gational Church in to the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers, at Plymouth. It an unsettled question whether the first church was that at Exeter, of which the celebrated John Wheelwright was pastor, or that at Hampton of which the Rev. Stephen Bachilor was pastor. Both doubtless were formed in 1638 the latter in the fall of that quent is — year. Settlements had previously been begun mouth. fit Dover and Ports- In the former place, a meeting-house was erected as early and William Leverich, " a worthy and able puritan minwas engaged as a preacher. To him succeeded one Burditt, and then Hanserd Knollys, or Knowles. But a church was not formed in Dover till 1639, and no pastor was regularly settled till 1642. However it may be a question whether Wheelwright, of Exeter, or Bachilor of Hampton was first in the order of New-Hampshire pastors, it should be acknowledged that the oldest church now in existence in the State, is that of Hampton, the first Exeter church being dispersed on the removal of Wheelwright, about four as 1633, ister," years afterwards, to Wells, in Maine. The only towns in the prov- ince in which ministers had been settled, previous to 1670, a half century from the landing of Pilgrims, were Hampton, Exeter, and Dover. Of the seven that had been pastors in those towns, only two were then in office, viz., Cotton, of Hampton. * From historical discourse Samuel Dudley, of Exeter, and Seaborn In 1671, a church was organized, and Rev. by Rev. Nathaniel Boutou, D. D. �547 RELIGION". Joshua Moody settled the same day, the first minister of Portsmouth, though he had preached there since 1658, and occasional preaching had been enjoyed since 1G40. The fifth church organized was at Dunstable, under the jurisdic- now the tion of Massachusetts, coast, as New and Rye, had made first church in Nashua, and a minis- Subsequently other towns bordering on the sea ter settled in 1685. Newington, Stratham, Durham, Kingston Thence, very gradually, settlements were Castle, ministers. and ministers Londonderry, (1719) Pembroke, Hudson and Keene. In the latter place, Rev. Jacob Bacon was settled in 1738, a century after the settlements at Exeter and Hampton. He was in the interior, Concord, (1730) Chester, settled in Winchester, the fifty-fifth, pastor in order, settled in the State. But at the forma- tion of the convention in 1747, there were only about thirty ministers living. The progress of settlements continued slow, extend- ing into the interior, averaging till after the revolutionary only about four annually in the growth was more rapid. The number of whole State ; war but subsequently the pastors living at different periods in the history of the denomination is as follows: In 1670,2; 1700,5; 1747,3); 1776,65; 1800,76; 1820, 90; 1847, 117. In 1870, there were in the State 169 churches, and 169 church capable of seating 67,951 persons, and valued at $ 1,150, In 1860, there were 179 churches, capable of seating 70,45 1 edifices, 380. persons, and valued at 6 637, 200. This shows a loss in ten years of ten churches, and an increase in valuation of church property of over $ 500,000. Baptists first —The first Baptist church in this State — indeed, the north of Boston, was organized in Newton, Rockingham Coun- ty, in 1755. The members were separatists for " conscience's sake" from the Congregational church and were the fruit of the " great awakening" under Whitefield and others in 1740. Walter Powers became pastor at its organization. The first Baptist communicant known in the State was Rachel Thurbur of Rehoboth, Massachusetts, who became Mrs. Scammon, and moved to Stratham, 1720. It was the result of her labors that Dr. Samuel Sheperd became connected with the denomination in 1770, under whose indefatigable labors the Brentwood church and its branches were organized, in connection with which he lived to introduce more than six hundred members. �RELIGION. 548 before any Baptist church existed in this Hanserd Knoll ys came to Dover and afterwards became an eminent Baptist. Mr. Knollys was a graduate at Cambridge College, England, and ordained by the Bishop of Peterborough in Becoming afterwards a Puritan minister, he came to this 1629. He organized the first Congregacountry, and to Dover in 1638. More than a century State, tional church in Dover, being the second in the State. In 1641, he returned to England and organized a Baptist church in London, where he remained The number 9 ; 1800, 26 ; his death in 1691. till of Baptist churches in this State in 1755, 1 1853, 96 1860, 92 ; ; and in 1870, 102. ; 1780, Church or- ganizations, ninety church edifices, capable of seating 31,935 persons, with church property valued at $ 492,200 ; in 1860, its proper- ty was only valued at $ 246,500. — Christians. Number of churches in 1850, 25; in 1860, there were thirty-three churches and church edifices, capable of seating in 1870 8,934 persons, with church property valued at $ 43,150 ; there were nineteen churches and church edifices, capable of seat- ing 4,600, with church property valued at $ 42,400. Episcopalians. — This denomination was among the earliest es- A church was erected at Portsmouth prior to 1638, and Rev. Richard Gibson was the first minister, who remained until 1642. In 1860, there were seventeen church edifices, capable of holding 820, with church property valued at $112,700 in 1870 there were twenty-one churches and twenty-two church edifices, capable of seattablished in the State. ; ing 7,475, with church property valued at $ 203,800. Freew ill t Baptists. —The firs: church of this denomination in New-Hampshire, was founded at New Durham, in 1780, by Elder Benjamin Randall. This denomination was recognized as a distinct sect by an act of the legislature, December 7, 1804. In 1860, there were ninety-seven church edifices, capable of seating 27,324 persons and church property, valued at $ 162,600 in 187Q, there were eighty-two churches and church edifices capable ; ; of seating 19,900 persons, with church property, valued at $ 167,300. — Friends or Quakers. The Friends made their appearance in New-Hampshire at a very early date, and at first suffered severe persecution. A society was formed at Seabrook as early as 1701. was 15 in I860, there were twelve of seating 4,200 persons, with church propcapable Number of churches, church edifices, in 1850, ; �RELIGION. 549 were thirteen church edi- erty, valued at $ 11,700; fices, capable of seating 4,585 persons, with church property valued in 1870, there at 815,500. — Methodists. In July 1791, Jesse Lee preached the first methsermon in New-Hampshire, at Portsmouth. On the 26th of August, of the same year, he preached in a private house in Greenland. odist Two weeks after this time, he again preached in Portsmouth, stand- ing upon the Court House He steps. also visited, the same year, Eindge, Marlborough, Chesterfield, Dublin and some other towns. In 1794, Joshua Hall was appointed to preach in New-Hampshire, but the following year the appointment was withheld. On the first of January, 1795, Mr. Lee again visited Portsmouth, and preached to an audience of four persons. The first Methodist society in New-Hampshire was organized at Chesterfield, in the latter part of 1795. this At the Conference of 1796 members and became 'a regular first stationed preacher, and reports reported sixty-eight Philip Wager was the circuit. his cir- more than fifty miles square. The New-Hampshire Conference was organized and held its first session at Barre, Vermont, June 23, 1830. The Vermont Conference was separated from the New-Hampshire Conference in 1845. The New-Hampshire Conference is divided into three districts, viz Dover, Concord and Claremont districts. O. H. Jasper Presiding Elder of Dover district; residence at Dover; S. G. Kellogg, Presiding Elder Concord district; residence at Tilton; M. T. Cilly, Presiding Elder, Claremont district. The New-Hampshire Conference Seminary, Tilton. (See Literary cuit : Institutions.) The number of members reported in the State, in 1798, was '122. The Methodist were recognized by law as a distinct religious sect June 15, 1807. In 1850, there were 103 church edifices, capable of seating 32,600 persons, with church property valued at $175,500. In 1860 there were 117 church edifices, capable of seating 36,050 persons, with church property valued at $232,200, and in 1870 there were 118 churches, and church edifices capable of seating 36,351 persons with church property valued at $475,000. Presbyterian. — In 1850, the Presbyterian Regular church had thirteen church edifices eapable of seating 6,500 church property valued at $ 71,000 ; in 1860, there persons, with were sixteen " �550 RELIGION. church edifices, capable of seating 6,980 persons, with church property, valued at $ 83,462; in 1870, there were seven churches, capable of seating 3,470 persons, with church property, valued at $ 65,000. Roman Catholic. This religious denomination has made rapid progress in this State in the past twenty years, both in lowers, number of churches and two church edifices, ; 1860, there were in capable of seating 7,600 persons, with valued at $ 97,450 ; fol- were capable of seating 1,450 persons, with church property valued at $ 20,000 edifices, In 1850, there wealth. in 1870, there twelve church church property were sixteen church edifices, capable of seating 9,950 persons, with church property valued at 8 267,500. Shakers. —New-Hampshire contains two societies of those inter- esting people, called Shakers or United Believers; one Enfield, on the shores of Masooma Lake, is located in the other in Canterbury, on a considerable elevation affording an extensive view of the sur- rounding country. These two societies contain about two hundred members each. The founders of the Shaker sect in America, were Ann Lee, William Lee, and James Whittaker, who, with six others, emigrated from England and landed in New- York, August 6, 1774. In 1782, the leaders sent out two missionaries, viz. Ebenezer Cooley and Israel Chauncy, who visited Hartland, Vermont, where resided one Zadock Wright, a member of their church. He with Cooley and Chauncy then journeyed to Enfield, and called upon one James Jewett, arriving September 1, 1782. The first Shaker meeting ever held in New-Hampshire was holdon at the house of Asa Pattee, about the above date. at Canterbury the same Fall. This Shaker doctrine was preached Although this society with others iu the vicinity embraced their faith in the year 1782-'3, they did not form a compact body or church until the year 1792, about ten years after they first embraced the faith. In the beginning of the year 1792, the members of the society adopted the order of a joint union, and an equal interest in all they possessed, being governed by no other spirit or influence than that which governed the primitive Christians at the day of Pentecost. Their church government in may be called Episcopal, being vested Bishops and Elders, after the form of the primitive church. The central or leading authority in this country devolves upon a �RELIGION. 551 succession of ministry or order of bishops residing alternately at New-Lebanon and Watervliet, in the State of New-York. The New-Hampshire are under the Episcopal jurisdiction societies in of a succession of ministry alternately resdiug at Canterbury and Enfield. We quote a few extracts of their religious faith. First that the composed of two great and fundamental essences, viz. power and wisdom, or male and female principles. For proof of Deity is they quote Rom. I. 20. " That Christ has made not only his this, ing. That these are both ual manifestations ; the to first through Ann Through Lee. but his second appearspirit- and through the mission of seen in the same manifesta- as seen in Jesus of Nazareth, and the second as tions first, be considered as emphatically these two manifestations, they recognize a spiritual parentage, or the father and mother of the new creation. " That the object of these two appearings of Christ, first in the male, and secondly in the female was to make an end of sin, and bring in everlasting righteousness to make an end of the world, or order of the flesh perfected in the first Adam and Eve, that all who would, might come into the order or dispensation of the new — ; creation, through regeneration, or the spiritual parentage of the Adam and Eve. Through this agency tbey believe a new heaven and a new earth are being instituted, as seen in their order. Hence celibacy is rigidly and tenaciously observed, in every second instance. "That the resurrection concerns the soul or spiritual body only, and can have nothing to do with the natural. In short the above leading points of doctrine would seem to indicate a foundation, with no borrowed material, since Christ, or the declension of the primitive church. As in respect to their peculiar style of dress, they were not dis- tinguished from other people in the early days of their organization, nor would they be to-day only as they have retained the old style of dress in puritan days, w hich everybody else has changed. r They have been noted punctuality in all their for many years for their honesty, and business transactions, and by means of their industry and frugal habits, they have accumulated a respectable property, besides bestowing While we are not a much for charitable purposes. full believer in the Shaker faith, nor in their �552 RELIGION. peculiar style of living, in every respect, every day life still which would be well worthy in every phase of business Second Advents. to there much is in their be imitated by people life. —This peculiar sect of people believe that the Bible fully states the time by mathematical demonstrations, the consummation and destruction of all things on earth, and produce plenty of figures and facts which they obtain from the Bible to prove their statements, and which no person can deny, but still final very few believe. Up to the present time their calculations as to destructions of the earth have not proved correct, but faith is quite as strong, their zeal has not cooled, believe that the day of their deliverance In 1850, their were four church is edifices, edifices, edifices, still capable of seating 1100 in 1860, there capable of seating 2,265 persons, with church property valued at $ 7,600, and church their near at hand. persons with church property valued at $3,000; were ten church still and they in 1870, there were twenty capable of seating 4,400 persons, with church prop- erty valued at $ 25,000. — Unitarian. This and are Christianity, religious sect are liberal in their belief of steadily increasing. In 1850, there were thirteen church edifices, capable of seating 8,380 persons, with church property, valued at $72,800; in 1860, there were fifteen church edifices, capable of seating 7,260 per- church property valued at 1 125,800 and in 1870, there were twenty-two church edifices, eapable of seating 7,830 persons, with church property valued at $ 207,000. sons, with ; — Universalists. The first society of this denomination was formed at Portsmouth as early as 1781, and they were recognized by law as a distinct religious sect June 13, 1805. In 1850, there were thirty-eight church edifices, capable of seat- ing 14,280 persons, with church property valued at $83,100; in 1860, there were forty-two church edifices capable of seating 14,938 persons, with church property, valued at $112,550; and in 1870, there were twenty-three church edifices, capable of seating 8,800 persons, with church property valued at $ 154,200. Union Church. —There were sixteen Union churches in 1870 in various sections of the State, and are formed in communities where there are not enough persons to form a church of their own relig- ious faith but join with others for the purpose of sustaining the gospel. �553 RELIGION. There is also one local Mission school and one (Swedenborgian) church located in the State. New Jerusalem, TABULAR STATEMENT, Showing total number of Religious Denominations in New -Hampshire. COUNTIES. �REVIEW OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 554 GENERAL VIEW OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. CHAPTER A brief review of the State, river scenery, geology and rivers ; ita climate, its VII. grand mountain, ocean, lake and and mineralogy, a description a brief account of the aboriginals of Hampshire compared with the Western States ; A of its mountains, lakes NewNew-Hampshire Poem on New-Hampshire, ; etc. REVIEW OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. The last period in the history of New-Hampshire, it might be said, commenced at or near 1840, or thirty-three years ago. December 23, 1838, the first regular train of cars that ever ran into New-Hampshire, for public business, came from Boston through Lowell to Nashua, and, from that date commenced anew history in the business and prosperity of the State oldest States in the in every section, have been nearly as The States. which By v. six Although it is one of the and population great as in any of her sister Union, the changes miles of railroad to as operated till in business Nashua was the only line after 1840. the foregoing statement, in connection with other important facts, it might be well enough to take a retrospective view, in brief, of the standing of the State relative to its industries, and every- thing pertaining to a civilized and prosperous people in 1810, and 1850, compared with the present time. In 1840, New-Hampshire contained a population of 284,574 in Portsmouth, in 1840, was the largest town in the ; 1870, 318,320. State, Dover was the next in size, 6,558; then followed Nashua Somersworth, 3,383 and the town of Manchester, 3,335 inhabitants, and employing in her trade and manufactories 1,052 persons. Manchester is now a large city of with 6,054; Concord, 4,897; ; 30,000 people, and employs in her various industries over 12,000 �REVIEW OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 555 persons, with five lines of railway diverging from her depot to all sections of the State and country. In 1840, there were but six miles of finished railroad in the State. There are now over 890 miles of railway track stretching through two thirds of the towns in the State, Mount Washington amid and up the towering summit of There is now one mile of the clouds. railroad track to every 400 persons in the State, while in Europe These railroads have been built at an expense of not less than $ 32,000,000. Thirty years ago the electric fluid flashed its deadly shaft through the air, unguid- there is only one mile to every 7,500. ed by man, like the dreaded missiles hurled from the cannon's over the field To day of battle. it mouth harmlessly flashes over 2,000 miles of wire, conveying messages of peace instead of destruction and death. In 1840, our cotton manufactories annually produced goods to the value of $ 4,142,000 now they produce over $ ; 30,000,000. In 1840, the value of woolen goods produced was $ 795,000 to day in 1840, less than 500,000 pairs of sale boots it is over $9,000,000 ; ; and shoes were made ; to-day, over 8,000,000 pairs are manufactur- In 1840, there were ed. less than 12,000 persons employed in all the manufactories in the State, and annually producing goods to the value of about $ 13,000,000; to-day over 46,000 persons are employed, and producing goods to the value of over $ 95,000,000. In 1840, the 78,000 persons engaged in farming respectively received for agricultural productions $ 320 ; in 1870, the 46,573 inhabitants en- gaged in the same business receive $ 483 each for the same labor. Twenty- four years ago, there was deposited in the ten savings banks in the State, $1,564,000, owned by 12,082 depositors, now (1873) there are deposited in the sixty-one savings banks, $29,671, In 1850, there were twenty 000, and owned by 94,967 depositors. newspapers, with an annual issue of 1,024,424 copies; in 1873, there were 62 papers, with an issue of 7,237,588 copies. In 1850, there were no regular daily papers in the State ; in 1870, there were seven, with a daily circulation of 6,100, or an annual issue of 1, In 1850, the value of church property in the In 1850, there were State was $ 1,561,610— in 1870, $ 3,303,780. $ 221,146, annually appropriated for public schools in 1870, $ 574 900,000 copies. ; In 1850, the true valuation of personal property and real in 1870 it was valued at nearly estate was $ 103,652,835 898. ; $ 250,000,000. Like the railway speed of travel, all branches of industry for the �CLIMATE OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 556 past thirty years in New-Hampshire, have increased at the same But with our natural facilities for every department of induswhich are not equaled by any State in the Union, with our fine water power, excellent market for agricultural products, the best rate. try, commercial harbor mountain scenery ally make in the country, and the grandest its cities, money thus and have been tales of west- with paper corner together with inducements held out to invest railroad bonds to The fairy present value. ern farming, and adventures in western lots, ought their visits the wealth of the State 8 100,000,000 in excess of river, lake with over 30,000 tourists who annu- in the world, money in western at the inflated usurious rates of ten per cent, for invested, when the road could not pay ning expenses, have been the greatest injuries as more than run- to the prosperity of There is no doubt but the lessons so dearly New-Hampshire. bought by many persons in this State, will be of lasting benefit to the generation to come, both to their happiness and wealth. CLIMATE OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. Like shire is all other New-England States, the climate of New-Hamp- exceedingly various as to heat and cold, and attended with sudden changes. . The extreme varation of temperature is from twenty to thirty de- grees below zero, to ninety-eight or one hundred above, but these extremes do not often occur. The extensive ice-bergs in the north- ern sea, together with the various currents of air cause cool breezes and in the summer the and upon the heavy Thunforests create a moisture which produces frequent showers. der showers are frequent through the hottest portion of the season, but never as violent as in the Western or Southern States, and seldom attended with high winds. Whirlwinds and tornadoes are to pass over the hills and through the valleys, hot rays of the sun, on these cool currents of very rare, yet not unknown. pee, A New London and Warner, ever known air, whirlwind that passed over BunaSept. 9, 1821, in this section of the country. was the most severe The lofty elevations in various sections of the State break the clouds so that it is Dearly impossible for long sweeps of wind, as on the prairies in the West. Summej- showers are also broken by the high hills and mountains, and move through the valleys between the mountains. Very often �CLIMATE OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 557 there will be a heavy shower on one side of a mountain, while a few miles distant, on the other thunder, is side, within hearing of the rumbling Owing bright sunshine. breaking up to the continual of the clouds through the summer, showers are frequent, and the ground is seldom parched by continuous droughts, or saturated Storms on the eastern and southern with protracted rain storms. slope of New-Hampshire usually come from the in the Connecticut valley, north-east, while which runs nearly north and south, the storms are oftener from the south-east. continues four days, and they are oftener storm that It is a long Owing less. to the many and mountains, the streams rise rapidly, but their usually high banks generally keep the water within the channel of the streams, and there are no such devastating floods as occur in the West or hills South, neither are the storms, on an average, more than two thirds as long. The amount of rain falling, one year with another, generally more than five or six inches. Within the past fifteen varies not was 27$ inches, in 1859; was 46& inches, in 1863. The extreme hot clays are usually followed by cool nights, and, within a few days, by re- years, the smallest quantity of rain falling and the largest freshing showers. The warm rays of the sun, followed by fine irrigating showers, cause the various productions common to this climate to ripen in from sixty to one hundred and twenty days from the time that the seed is put into the ground. The season for planting varies in different sections of the State from ten to twenty Merrimack County and the northwinds usually blow from the days, the earliest being in the southern valleys of the and Connecticut rivers, the latest in Carroll ern portion of the State. west and north-west. storms ; The fair eastern and north-eastern winds denote tended storms blast all The Southern winds indicate short, ; more warm cool rain and ex- but our lofty mountains, frequently, in a dry time, human calculations as to rain. of snow is not as even from year to year as rain, varying from one third to one half. In 1858, the amount of snow falling through the year was four feet and nine inches in 1859, there fell eight feet and one inch; in 1871, the snow fall was only four feet fall ; and nine inches inches. ; while, in 1872, there were seven feet Then again : snow surface of the ground as rain and eight not so evenly distributed over the is ; falling much deeper on the height of land which separates the basins of the large rivers, and in that �CLIMATE OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 558 White Mountains. section of the State north of the It does not necessarily follow that the falling of large quantities of snow pro- duces the best and largest amount of sleighing through the winter. From the first to the middle of January, there is generally a mode- by the name of the " January Thaw." This mild weather frequently produces rain which carries away all the snow, breaks up the ice in the large streams, and sometimes produces devastating floods by the ice damming the streams and flowing the water back over the country. If the snow ration in the weather, which goes escapes this rain-thaw, there but, if otherwise, there sun runs so high it is is is generally a fine winter for sleighing; but snow little soon melted away. in succession, of the best quality, March and then till the Sleighing for two months frequently on less than eight is inches of snow, but good lumber sledding requires larger quantities to make it a successful business. Sleighing in northern four months ; New-Hampshire frequently continues over in the central part of the State, about three months while ten miles south of the city of Manchester there is seldom over and oftener less. Livery stable keepers in Manchester, frequently, for four weeks in succession, if their team is going five sixty days, or ten miles south of the city, harness their horse into a wagon, while is if they are going north, east or west any distance, a sleigh provided. Many people in the Southern States have the im- pression that the deep snows of prosperity. Deep snows New-Hampshire generally large crops follow deep winter snows. State consider it are a barrier to the farmer's are called its and fertilizer, The people of this a calamity to have a winter without sleighing. Aside from cars, the sled and sleigh with sufficient snow are the On a best and pleasantest mode of conveyance ever invented. clear, cool winter day, with good sleighing, together with a fine horse and sleigh, with sufficient robes to keep warm, gliding over the glistening snow at a ten mile gait, ride through six inches of Southern is mud far preferable to a carriage in mid winter, at the rate of one mile an hour, as the writer fully knows by experience. The deepest snows fall with a north-east wind, while snow commencing with a southern wind usually changes to rain. Frequently it will rain snow ; four hours, time, in the valleys, while also, in the snow and will on the higher elevations southern section of the State, in the vicinity of the fall to it it will will rain twenty- White Mountains the depth of fifteen inches. at the One same foot of �CLIMATE OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 559 snow, when melted, on an average, produces one inch of water. In 1872, rain fell on 88 days, and suow 32 days. In this state- ment it must be considered that many days were fair with the ex- ception of a pleasant shower, while on the other hand, there have been cloudy days but no rain. Over two thirds of the days in the year the sun can be seen some part of the day. There are, frequently, heavy fogs on the streams in August and September, morning, which are followed by a fair day, the fog in the being dispersed by the sun by nine or ten o'clock in the forenoon. Our most pleasant months are June, September and October. Often the first two, and not unfrequently the first three weeks in September, are, however, very warm. From the 20th of September to the 20th of October, the weather is delightful. The temper- and the sky singularly bright and beautiful. This is the period denominated the Indian summer. Some persons think June to be a more pleasant month than either September or October. In June, there are usually a few days of ature is mild, the air intense heat. In is sweet, other respects, except the brilliancy and beau- all month must be confessed to have the superiThe progress of vegetation is wonderful and it seems as if the creative hand was, in a literal sense, renewing its original plastic efforts, to adorn the world with richness and splendor. All things are alive and gay. " The little hills rejoice on every side. The pastures are clothed with flocks. The valleys ty of the heavens, this ority over all others. ; are also covered with corn, and shout for joy." same time chilled by The prevails in a peculiar degree.. easterly winds, winter months, when Health at the The spring is and rendered uncomfortable by the earth is clad with its often rains. mautle of snow the season for relaxation and pleasure. Then come the evening parties for the old, the dance for the young, and the merry sleigh rides for all, which no one knows how to appreciate unless he has lived mid the saow-capt hills of New-England. We are indebted to the Hon. William L. Foster of Concord for is the following meteorological observations for the year 1872, and statements relative thereto. THE WEATHER OF THE YEAR 1872 has been, upon the whole, considerably warmer than the average temperature, of the last 17 years. The mercury rose above 90° sixteen times, four times in June, �CLIMATE OF NEW- HAMPSHIRE. 560 The warmwhen the mean temThe highest temperature was June 21, 98°. seven in July, four in August, and once in September. est days in the year were June 30 and July perature was 84?°. The mercury fell below zero on 23 days, once times in February, four times in ber. The coldest — 1, day in the in January, seven March and eleven times in Decemyear was March 5, when the mean — The lowest temperature was Dec. 25, 20°. Rain has fallen on §8 days, snow on 33 days. The whole amount of rain is 37.17 inches, being 2.95 inches more than the average rain-fall of 1871, and 3.58 inches more than temperature was 9°. the annual rain-fall in the last 17 years. The following inches ; combined, in as the amount of snow in feet and and hundredths and rain and melted snow inches and hundredths (estimating one inch of water table indicates the rain in inches ; product of one foot of snow), during the last 16 years. �SCENERY IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. inches fell in March and 10 ing after February is 561 The average quantity in April. fall- 18 inches. Sleighing began Nov. 29, and has been uninterrupted. The whole quantity of rain this winter (since Dec. 1) is 2.95 an inch more than the average quantity during the winter months. The coldest day this winter was Dec. 25, when the mercury was, inches, being about half min. 20° max. 8° mean 6°. The coldest morning and lowest temperature was Jan. 30, 26°. The warmest day of the winter was Jan. 4, when the mercury recorded, min. 31° max. 44° mean 37J Q The highest temperature recorded during the winter was Feb. . 17, 50°. Range of temperature during the winter, 76°. SCENERY IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. There is no doubt but the scenery of New- Hampshire is more varied and beautiful than can be found in any other State in the Union. The ocean scenery along her narrow miles, is coast of less than eighteen pronounced the grandest on the western Atlantic shore. The Hon. Edmund Burke, of Newport, when in Congress, than thirty years ago, while in debate, in defending more New-Hamp- an attack from a southern member of Congress, speaking of her natural scenery, blended with civilization, well and shire against eloquently said hills. She is : "New-Hampshire is among the Her mountains point indeed throned the Switzerland of America. high up among the clouds, where eagles take their unrestrained the freedom of the skies. She is flight and enjoy a land Of mountain and of flood, Of green heath and shaggy wood. Her cloud-capt hills, even in mid-summer, glisten with the frosts and snows of winter. The terrific avalanche springs from her summits and thunders down their sides. But she is a land of crystal streams, of glassy lakes, embosomed among her hills, and of beautiful valleys and meadows, dotted with neat and pretty villages, teeming with fertility, the hum of industry and all the evidences of wealth and prosperity. She has more of those noble temples of �SCENERY IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 562 liberty, more of common schools, more village spires pointing to Heaven, and the monuments which mark a high and advanced state of civilization than any other State of this Union, with, perhaps, one If she or two exceptions. for her advancement is indebted to any cause under in prosperity, wealth her lofty mountains, and her beautiful and Our description of the mountains Whose snowy Among in and Heaven civilization, it is to fertile valleys." New-Hampshire, tops the clouds are towering high, And seem to meet Amid the starry the heavens sky Her hundred glassy lakes, and Like brilliant diamonds Set in emerald green, Add beauty To her mountain scene And her sparkling, winding rivers, That feed her glassy lakes, Or meet the briny ocean's tide, Are like the golden chains Which hold the diamond to the maiden's They stretching back their silver arms, Clasp them to the mountain crests Are breast; the sequel to the beautiful scenery to be found in almost ev- ery section of the State, and with the exception of a few remarks made by Dr. Moses F. Morrison on New-Hampshire bearing upon industry and civilization, will be its tion given of its all scenery, grand ocean, mountain, lake and river scenery. In many respects the White and Green mouutain ranges perhaps from and the descrip- all others in the known differ They are purely of thrown up through the tran- world. primitive origin, while most others are secondary or tertiary strata. We have not even the organic remains of the transition period, and hence the search for coal, which is now known to be in every instance vegetable matter, acted sition, upon by the united agency of heat and pressure, is equally futile and hopeless. But primitive rocks contain the most valuable ores, and in our instance their surface is covered almost to the summits of our highest mountains with a productive soil and with a beauti- The world produces not a spot where the more pure, the water more clear and limpid, and the scenery more wild and beautiful, where the human foot can move with more boldness and less danger. The wolf and lammermuir of the fully varied vegetation. air is �SCENERY IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 563 Alps, the tiger and condor of the Andes, the cougUr and rattlesnake of the Alleganiea are not here. The associations of childhood and youth become a part of our being, and it is only when they are disruptured by transition, that we realize their existence. Place a mountaineer upon the ry of his youth prairies, and he longs for the scene- he returns to behold with rapture the beauties ; of landscape which before he had passed with careless indifference. We have passed the magnificient gorge of the White Hills, and viewed with enthusiasm the wild sublimity around us. We have entered the defile of Francouia, and beheld with astonishment and Man of the Mountain and his wild domain. have scaled the summit of Mount Washington, and at one time beheld the thunder cloud, hundreds of feet below us, the lightning admiration the Old We and a brilliant sun irradiating the sky. summit the valley of the Connecticut spread out like a map before us; the rays of ight, reflected by a dark cloud that hung upon the Green Mountains, brought into displaying over surface, its Again we viewed from tinct its view the streams, the cottages, the fields, the villages, the and valleys, the waving forests and vast amphitheatre of mountains supporting the blue vault around and above us we felt that the beautiful and sublime were here mingled upon a scale never to be surpassed, and hallowed by a thousand associated ideas of fond remembrances never to be forgotten. We have stood on the shores of the ocean and contemplated the vast and almost illimitable world of waters before us, and viewed in imagination the innumerable ships and vast navies that float upon her bosom. We have sailed upon the waters of Ontario, when the departing sunbeams cast their gorgeous shades of green and gold hills ; over its surface — transcendently beautiful splendid drapery of the imagination. — far beyond the most Finally, descending into the awful chasm of Niagara, we have approached in a tremendous cataract of the Western rolling surges of its abyss, seas, we were warned until frail boat the repelled by the that nearer approxima- might be death. No person can describe the sublimity of this its grandeur is overwhelming, and the vast display of magnificence and power presented at a single glance to our view shows tion scene — how puny of God. are the efforts of man compared with the omnipotence But with the ocean, with the lake and with the cataract were associated in our minds the ideas of loneliness, of solitude most of desolation. We longed for the early visions of — life, al- for �GEOLOGY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 564 that play of fight and shade upon the mountain scenery of our na- We had learned that the impress of external objects upon the heart and shaped the visions of ideality in the brain; and that the cultivation of the intellectual faculties of the mind and the physical energies of the body alone were wanting to make us the happiest of the free. And now permit us to ask, where shall we find a soil more productive, with a climate equally salubrious? where shall we breathe an atmosphere more invigorating, or drink of fountains more pure ? where shall we behold scenery more sublime, beautiful and good, tive hind. had stamped their seal of loveliness surrounded with less evils or moral and physical evils exposed to fewer dangers we do — suffer, ? Of the few are consequent upon — some are contingent but many are created by our vices and perpetuated by our ignorance. We constantly violate the and shall we complain that the degeneracy laws of organic life of the species and the ill health and early dissolution of the individual should be the consequence? or shall we value less the numberless blessings which surround us because the harmony of the locality ; intellectual with the physical world is comparatively unknown? GEOLOGY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. No portion of the American continent, except the Laurentian Hills of Canada, exhibits a more ancient surface of dry land than New-Hampshire. nitic, The face of the entire State is essentially gra- the only exceptions being the patches of limestone and clay slate lying along the The upper part of the Connecticut river valley. New-Hampshire of the Rocky Mountains. surface of State east more uneven than any other is A large portion of its northern and upwards above the ocean level. The primitive rock underlying the whole region has a remarkable induration, having taken its form, coherence and hardness at a period antedating the introduction of life upon the globe, or, at least, at so early a period that subsequent exposure and internal changes have obliterated nearly every trace of organized counties has an elevation of a thousand feet existence. This extreme hardness of the rocks has so far resisted the abrading action of the waters in the river-beds that the streams of New-Hampshire abound with a vast amount of water power. falls and rapids, and hence afford �GEOLOGY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 565 In a large portion of the territory of the United States, nearly every square mile abounds with marine and vegetable fossils. Hampshire shows life less of these remains of organized With other State of the Union. the exception of a few obscure traces of the Silurian age at Littleton have ever been found within the The New- than any and Shelburne, no fossils limits of this State. is strongly marked by the effects of the That great flood of waters swept over the entire region, except the summit of Mt. Washington. The comparative nakedness or denudation of the ledges on the nortnern side of our hills, is an evidence of the force and depth of the vast current which for ages drifted, in a nearly southward direction, over the State. A still more impressive testimony is the immense quantity of bowlders strewn over every township by these uorthern currents, and which vary in size from a small pebble to those of a thousand surface of the State Drift epoch. Rounded masses of tons' weight. ter, like granite, often ten feet in diame- upon the tops of the highest hills. In some towns, Hillsborough, Washington, Stoddard and Sunapee, they are were left so thickly strown as to cover, on of the surface. Many many farms, a considerable portion of the ledges upon the highlands are by furrows and scratches made by the marked drifting bowlders of that Often the rocks found from fifty to one hundred feet beperiod. low the surface are well-rounded bowlders. For a long geological period the surface of this State must have had a widely different configuration from that of to-day. The Northern railroad, in its route from Concord to Lebanon, crosses the height of land between the Merrimack and Connecticut rivers in the worn At town of Orange. than eight hundred feet in the solid granite, One the point of greatest altitude, above the bed of these more rivers, are pot holes having a depth of from oue to nearly them is eleven feet deep with a diameter of The stream which four feet at the top and two feet at the bottom. formed them must have been large and swift, and have flowed for a four yards. long time. of Similar holes in the solid gneiss are found at the Sun- apee summit, in Newbury, near the track of the Sugar River rail- road. ITS EFFECTS ON CIVILIZATION. The geological character tility of a country largely determines shire are granitic — those its fer- The rocks of New-Hampof Vermont are calcareous. The decompo- and the occupations of its people. �GEOLOGY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 56G sition of the one gives a light, sandy surface heavy, productive soil. Hence the — of the fertility other, a rich, of Vermont, and the according to the census of 1870, she largely leads NewHampshire in every department of agricultural production. The valley of the Connecticut is often mentioned as the garden of Its fertility greatly surpasses that of the Merrimack. this State. The alluvial deposit of limestone, worn from the scattered ledges fact that, along the eastern border of the Connecticut valley has contributed largely to the productive capacity of the towns along the borders of that river, and given to Colebrook, Lancaster, Haverhill, Lebanon and Walpole, an agricultural importance above Boscawen, Manchester, Nashua, and the other towns bordering on the Merrimack. But the granite ledges of the Merrimack valley amply compensate for the thin soil of that region. In a purely limestone coun- have worn their channels to a great depth, and whatever falls there may have been are graded down to a plane of descent so extended and uniform as to make any available waterpower an impossibility. The banks are also yielding and unreliable for dams. On the other hand, granite and gneiss have not only try the streams New-Hampshire crop out hardness, but in in irregular ledges, with their lines of stratification at right angles to the courses of our rapidly-sloping rivers. These out-cropping ridges of the strata running across the streams, produce pitches and sudden descents, which, according to the steepness and volume of water, take the falls or cataracts. The water powers of the Merrimack, Winnipisaukee, Contoocook, Suncook, and Cocheco are referable to this origin. With the adjoining banks and river-bottoms form of rapids, dams can be of granite, currents and the built proof against the corrosion of under- momentum of freshets. SURFACE ASPECT OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. The southern half nipisaukee of this State— that portion below Lake Win- — has a degree of unevenness above the undulating and which Thoreau has given the name of summits have a marked altitude and celebrity below the mountainous, " hilliness." Two to — Monadnock and Kearsarge. Both attract a large number of summer visitors, and afford a magnificent view of the central portion of New England. The northern part of New-Hampshire has a mountain scenery �MINERALS OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. which 567 for half a century has received the constantly increasing at- and tourists. The passage of the Saco through White Mountains forms a gorge equal in depth and abrupt- tention of scientists the ness to the canons of California Mountain, and Dixville Notches per's Ferry, the only ; are, while the Franconia, White with the exception of Har- mountain passes of surpassing grandeur east of the Rocky Mountains. The beautiful scenery, healthy air, and pure waters of the north- ern section of this State, will always attract thousands of visitors, during the summer season, MINERALS OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. Though New-Hampshire is destitute of fossils, and nearly want- ing in that class of calcareous minerals whose varied form of crys- and coloring give them an important place in mineraland of silicious minerals this State has a large and varied family, specimens of which are to be found in public and private collections throughout the country. First, we will designate those which are valuable for their utility talization ogical collections, yet of the ores rather than their rarity. Granite, the prevailing rock, furnishes excellent quarries in The increased facilities for transportathem very valuable. The oldest and best every section of the State. tion have made some of known Concord, two miles north of the State Those of Marlboro, Fitzwilliam and Troy, on the Cheshire The quarries at railroad, are equally valuable and accessible. Mason, Milford, Hooksett and Rumney, are located near railroads, and are extensively worked. Those of Sunapee, Lisbon and New quarries are at House. London are of superior quality, but are not so convenient for trans- portation as to be largely quarried. ries Altogether, the granite quar- of the State are an important element of industry, employing some twelve hundred men. Steatite, or soapstone, is a valuable material for certain purThere are three quarries in the State at Francestown, Orposes. The Francestown ledge was discovered in ford and Canterbury. 1794, and has been worked ever since. It is the most valuable soapstone quarry in the United States, and its products are very extensively used for stoves, sinks, wash and bath tubs, moulding taIt employs one hundred hands. bles, and a variety of other uses. — �MINERALS OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 568 Mica, one of the component parts of granite, is rarely found in transparent sheets of sufficient size to be of commercial value. Quarries have been worked at Grafton, Alstead and Acworth. last are exhausted, but the Grafton quarry is still valua- The two ble, yielding The best makes it valu- twenty-five tons of sheet mica annually. quality brings ten dollars per pound. Its elasticity able for lights where glass cannot be used. Felspar, another of the component parts of granite, is found in large masses, at times semi-crystalized, at Grafton, Acworth, Alstead and Manchester. At Grafton and Acworth fine specimens of albite are found, and at Manchester the flesh-colored variety. It is used in the manufacture of porcelain and artificial teeth. Clay Slate quarries have been opened in Littleton, Lebanon, Dalton, Unity, Piermont and Claremont, but none of them have The one at Lebanon is extensive, proved remunerative. but too soft and brittle to furnish a good material for roofing or yet paving. Limestone deposits are found in Haverhill, Lisbou, Columbia, Lyme, Orford and Cornish. At East Haverhill and East Lisbon lime is manufactured, annually, in sufficient quantities to supply the vicinity. Graphite occurs in abundance in Nelson, Goshen, and Antrim. In the first named locality it is Campton ground and sent to the Boston market. Of the ornamental minerals found in New-Hampshire, the fol- lowing occur more frequently. Quartz crystals are found in North Benton and East Campton. From both of these localities many beautiful specimens have been obtained for cabinets, but, though not exhausted they are much more cured with Beryl is found in Grafton, Orange, Acworth and but good specimens cannot blasting. The now se- labor than formerly. New London, now be obtained without considerable have been obtained Grafton and best specimens in Acworth. Garnets occur in Lisbon, "Warren, Springfield and Hanover. At Lisbon they are found in great quantities in the pastures around Mink pond. At Warren some of the specimens are very rtire, and are of the cinnamon variety. At Springfield they are abundant, with perfect faces, but of common quality. There are exhausted localities at North Haverhill and Amherst. �METALS AND ORES. Epidote, massive and and Warren. Tourmaline found is 569 Ore in crystals, occurs at in Hill, Lisbon Piermont, Springfield and Orford. It imbedded in milk quartz, and great care is needed to save tbe crystals from fracture. Staurotides, single and double crystals, occur in very great abundance at Mink pond, Lisbon. Tremolite, of a wbite and finely radiated variety, is abundant is at Warren. THE METALS AND Gold, minute in particles, was first 1854, at Plainfield, and soon after at 1864 it was found in Lyman, and was much excitement ORES. discovered in this State in Lebanon and Hanover. In There the next year in Lisbon. in both of these towns, for several years fol- lowing, attended with considerable expense in excavations and the erection of a large crushing mill. The gold Lyman, At four miles from Lisbon village. is of fine quality, and The some $12,000 worth have been extracted. best mines are in intervals, the working of these mines has ceased, but, at this time (Oct. 1873,) two of them are being developed with a yield of moderate profit. Silver if is found in the lead ores of Madison and Shelburne, and it would warrant the extraction of the the galena was abundant, silver. Galena so largely occurs in Madison in considerable quantities but it is mixed with the ores of zinc and copper that the working ; of these mines has been abandoned. Zinc ores are found The former in great abundance at Madison and Warren. affords fine specimens of yellow blende, or thesulphuret of zinc; and the latter of black blende, or the oxide of zinc. them is worked at the present time. Copper. The sulphuret of copper is found Nei- ther of this State. and Unity Lyman, Bath, Iron ore many towns of Warren, Croydon, in afford fine specimens of this kind of ore. these localities have been unfavorable Littleton, Dalton, more or less worked, but, as Most of yet, with results. is found at ore Hill, Lisbon, Piermont, Bartlett, Tam- worth, and Littleton in considerable quantities. At Lisbon the �MOUNTAINS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 570 vein is began the granular, magnetic oxide of iron. men were employed, and 500 tons quality, were annually produced. ed, It For many of pig and bar be worked as early as 1805. to Of late is very rich, and years, twenty-five of the best iron, years the work has ceas- from the increased depth of the vein, and the greater cost of fuel. In the north part of Bartlett, and east of Rocky Branch River, occurs the most extensive deposit of workable iron ever found in New-Hampshire. Fifty tons of this ore has been sent to one of the best iron and steel manufactories in England, and they pronounced quality, especially for the manufacturing of it of the best steel. The Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad, which extends through Bartlett, will pass within three miles of these and a branch can be easily built mountains of iron, up Rocky Branch, near to these valuable mines. Tin is found tin mine, but, as Manganese Hinsdale. Jackson, but the vein in quantity small. very narrow and the to develop this found in Littleton, Gilmanton, Winchester and is It occurs in the Molybdenum is Over S 4,000 have been expended yet, no favorable report. is form of the black oxide. found in comparative abundance in Westmore- land and Newport. MOUNTAINS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. The Mountains in New-Hampshire are noted for their lofty ele- vation and the wild and romantic scenery obtained from their summits. In this State are found some of the highest elevations in New-England, and with one exception, the highest in the United States this side of the The Rocky Mountains. crystal waters, spouting from its thousand springs, together with the clear, cool, bracing mountain air, has attracted the attention of invalids and lovers of mountain fine scenery, for scenery, the pure many years from all sections of the country, and with the constantly increasing railroad facilities in the number of visitors all parts of the Union, has been largely augmented, and it is esti- mated that over 30,000 persons annually visit the mountains of New-Hampshire. But few people, even of those living in this �MOUNTAINS IN NEW- HAMPSHIRE. aware of the number, of mountains and lofty elevations State, are 571 that have beeu surveyed and their altitude obtained. There are in the State seven mountain peaks over one mile twenty-two peaks between four and fourths of a mile high thousand five thousand feet, hi<di ; or over three- twenty -six peaks between three and four ; or over one-half mile high and twenty-five peaks There are many other mountains between one and four thousand feet high, but no feet, between two and three thousand ; feet in height. record of their altitude has ever been obtained. tilled farms, Like well and large manufacturing establishments, now considered a resource instead of a barren these mountains are waste. At the bases and on the summits of been erected fine hotels many mountains, have which, in magnitude, will vie with the large hotels in Boston and New- York. In the summer mouths, these large houses are filled with the wealth and fashion coming from all sections of the We will United States. mention a few of the principal mountains, and rank them according to their altitude, White Mountains. commencing with the This range of mountains located in the is southern section of Coos county and the northern portion of Grafton and Carroll counties. They extend northerly about twenty and with the Franconia range have an area of over 200,000 acres. Water from their sides flows into four of the largest rivers in New-England viz. the Androscoggin on the north, Saco on the east and south-east, Merrimack south and south-west, and the Conmiles, Some necticut on the west. of the peaks are the highest in New- England, and, with one exception, the highest east of the Rocky mountains. The Indian name of was Agiocochook. these mountains, according to Dr. Belknap, Among the savages who frequented moun- this tain region a tradition prevailed that a deluge once overspread the land and destroyed every and his wife, who fled human being to these lofty elevations the race from extermination. except a single Powow and thereby preserved Perhaps the vouchers in detail as to the veracity of the statement of the poor Indian, are not as good nor as reliable as those relative to the remarkable preservation of and his family Noah on a certain Mount in Asia, but their version, gether with Bible history and the science of geology, stantiate the statement that at one time, far back all to- go to sub- in the past, the whole earth was covered with waters, with the exception of the �MOUNTAINS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 572 highest elevations. had a venerable Through these traditions, the savages always and never attempted deeming the undertaking dangerous, and suc- respect for these mountains, to ascend the summit, cess impossible. President Alden states that the White Mountains were called by one of the eastern tribes Waumbekketmethna Waumbekket ; signi- methna mountains. Their great elevation has always rendered them exceedingly interesting, both to the aboriginal inhabitants and to our ancestors. They were visited by Neil, Joclyn, and Field as early as 1632 they gave romantic accounts of their adventure, and the extent and sublimity of the mountains. They gave them the name of Crystol Hills. There are six summits belonging to tb.3 White Mountain range that are over one mile high and are respectively named Mount Washington, having an altitude of 6,293 feet Mount Adams, 5,794 fies white and ; ; feet; Mount Jefferson, 5,714; Mount Clay, 5,553 feet; Mount Monroe, 5,384 feet and Mount Madison, 5,365 feet. Mount Washington is known by its superior elevation, and although sixty-five miles distant from the ocean, in a clear day its snow white summit can be distinctly seen fifty miles at sea And like the father of our nation's, land, He stands as beacon of his mountain chain, To guide the bark upon the stormy main To friendly port surrounded by the strand. Mount Adams is known by its the second north of Washington. two; Madison is sharp terminating peak and being Jefferson is situated between the the eastern peak of the range; Monroe is the first south of Washington, and Clay north of Washington. White Mountains never consider their Mount Washington and view the grandest mountain scenery on the American Continent. A traveller has well described the view obtained from Mount WashTravellers visiting the tour completed, unless they ascend ington. " From the summit, if the day be clear, is afforded a view unequalled on the eastern side of the American Continent. Around you, in every direction, are confused masses of mountains, bearing the appearance of a sea of moulten lava suddenly cooled whilst its ponderous waves were yet in commotion. On the south-eastern horizon gleams a rim of silver light it is the Atlantic Ocean sixty; five miles distant, laving the shores of Maine. Lakes of all sizes, �MOUNTAINS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 573 from Lake Winnipiseogee to mere mountain ponds, and mountains beneath you, gleam misty and wide. At the west the Green Mountains in Vermont are distinctly seen at the south and southwest are Mount Monadnock and Kearsarge in full view, while the intervening space is filled up with every variety of landscape." The ascent of Mount Washington is by two routes one is from ; — Gorham, on the north side of the mountains to the Glen House, eight miles distant, and thence by carriage road, eight miles, to the The road is a chartered corporation, and was commenced and finished and opened for travel in the season of 1861. The whole work is a complete triumph of engineering skill, and is summit. in 1855, The other the best finished road in the whole mountain region. route is at the western base of the mountain, by This rail. rail- road was commenced in 1866, under the superintendence of Sylvester Marsh, the inventor of three years. description It is used to and completed in about any of the mechanism of this road, and other machinery connected therewith, and is this novel plan, needless in this place, to attempt to give make it it is enough to say that every precaution and descend. The road is nearly safe to ascend three miles long and ascends 3,628 feet in going that distance, start- ing from a point 2,669 feet above tide water. including equipment, road up to the mountains. is summit, On the is The whole expense, not far from $ 200,000. A ride worth the whole expense of a on this trip to the summit of Mount Washington has been erect- ed a large and convenient hotel, which answers also for a depot. This house has all the comforts of hotels in the city, and can ac- There is a telcommodate about one hundred guests, over night. egraph office, with wires coming from different quarters of the country, and the house, in the summer, has become quite an " exchange," parties arriving over the various routes, can despatch by telegraph (over 6000 feet above the ocean) to their places of busOne object of guests staying over iness hundreds of miles away. night is to obtain an evening and morning view of the setting and the rising sun, the beauty and grandeur of which is far beyond any human attempt to describe. These mountains are now reached by railroad from all sections of the country, and at all points near their base. On the north side, at Gorham, via Grand Trunk Railroad, coming from the north- western States, Canada, and city of Montreal, or the other way, from Portland and other points in Maine. On the south and south- �MOUNTAINS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 574 west side, through the Notch at Upper Bartlett, by the Portland from Portland, or coming from ii over the Eastern railroad to North Conway, thence over the Portland and Ogdensburg railroad to Upper Bartlett, or from Boston over the Boston and Maine railroad to Great Falls Junc- and Ogdensburg tion, railroad, either On thence over Eastern railroad to North Conway, &c. west side, at the Twin Mountain House, in Carroll, the by the Boston, Concord and Montreal railroad, from every section of the country their connections with all the lines of railroad being nearly perfect. Many of the towns in the vicinity of the mountains are becoming quite a resort for these mountain tourists, especially, where the mountains are in full view, that distance lends ham, and it enchantment can be truly said, at to At the view. many points, Lancaster, Gor- Jefferson, Dalton, Whitefield, Littleton, Bethlehem, Lisbon, Conway,' Bartlett, Jackson, Franconia, there are large and summer boarding houses built expressly for the accommodation of these tourists. The Notch is the name applied to a very narrow defile, between two huge cliffs rent asunder by some powerful convulsion of nature, seemingly to admit the waters of the Saco, which passes between Carroll, hotels these walls for a distance of two miles. At the northern extremity of the Notch, the distance between the perpendicular rocks on either side of the chasm is only twenty-two feet. Through this narrow chasm passes the foaming Saco, and the road leading from In this notch was situated the Bartlett to the Crawford House. celebrated Willey house, directly under the Willey Mountain. This house was built as early as 1821, for a public house, and was kept by a Mr. Hill for several years. In the autumn of 1825, a Mr. Willey, with his family, took possession, and lived comfortably through the winter. In June there was a slide from the mountain, and although they were somewhat frightened, it did them no mateFrom this incident, Mr. Willey anticipated worse rial injury. results from similar slides, and had taken the precaution to prepare a place of refuge in case there was another slide from the mountain. August 28, 1826, there was a violent storm around the Notch, and a vast amount of rock and earth was precipitated into the valley below, Leaving the Willey house again unharmed; but the Willey family was swept away, leaving not one to is tell the awful tale. It, supposed they heard the danger approaching, and attempted to flee (as they thought) to their new shelter of safety, but were over- �MOUNTAINS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 575 taken and destroyed, or they might have arrived at their cabin and then been swept away, as not a vestige was left to mark the spot. would require a volume to give a detailed account of all the places of interest around these mountains, and, with the present railroad facilities among them, our readers will be far better satisfied with a personal visit, than to read these apparently fairy tales It relative to them. Franconia Mountains. — The Franconia range comes next in This range lies about order of lofty elevations in New-Hampshire. twenty miles south-west from the base of Mount Washington, and them by cars the nearest point to reach at Littleton; the is moun- from the depot, where stages are waiting on the arrival of each train through the season tains being twelve miles south-east always in of travel. ette, 5,290 attractions The highest elevations in and Mount Lincoln, feet, this around these mountains which every season. The House Profile is range are Mount Lafay- 5,101 feet. call There are many many visitors hither one of the largest hotels in the and in the height of the season is filled to its utmost capacity. To show its magnitude, it is only necessary to say that the main parlor is 50 by 100 feet, and the house can accommodate over five hundred guests at one time. There are other fine hotels, but this State, is the largest. Among the places worthy of a visit Mountain, one of the greatest natural wonderful profile of the human face, Man of the curiosities in the State. This is, first, The Old wearing from age to age the same undisturbed expression of dignity and wisdom, and surveying in calm majesty the wild and varied region around, is seen on a bold and nearly perpendicular part of the rock which terminates one of the projecting thousand The feet. cliffs of profile is Mount Jackson, at the height of one produced by a peculiar combination of the surfaces and angles of five huge granite blocks. " Great as thou art, And and paralleled by none, Admired by all, still art thou drear and lone The moon looks down upon thine exiled height The stars, so mildly, spiritually bright, On wings of morning gladly flit away, To mix with their more genial, mighty ray." ! The Flume side ; it is is a deep chasm, having precipices of granite on each about three fourths of a mile from the main road, on the right-hand as you go towards Franconia Notch. A mountain �MOUNTAINS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 576 its loose masses of rocks. It is not practicable to the Flume during One in the good foot-path. Flume block of granite, which hangs a few is an immense feet supported merely by small surfaces of contact against To bed of summer; but and the bottom of the river of the most remarkable objects in the rounded walk the spring freshets and in early late in the season but little water flows, affords a and midst, falling over precipitous crags torrent rushes through the traveler passing in the bed of the stream neath this huge block, the appearance is that it overhead, its sides. and under- must instantly fall upon him. Moosilauke or Moosehillock, in Benton, is the next highest moun- and has an altitude of 4,991 feet. The nearest point by cars is Warren. The distance from the depot to the base of the mountain is four miles and thence by carriage road four miles to the summit. It is becoming a popular resort for mountain tourists, and Prof. A. Guyot says in respect to the scenery from the crest of this mountain, " The panorama which is before your eyes at the summit of Moosilauke is neai'ly the most extensive I have found in New-England, not excepting even that from M'ts. Washington tain in range, ; and Lafayette, over which it possesses many advantages. This is due to the insulated position of that mountain outside of the group of the White Mountains proper, combined with its great elevation which surpasses by 1000 feet to 1500 feet the surrounding heights, while it is less than 500 feet below the summit of Lafayette. The eye thus embraces at a single glance in the north and northeast, all the chains of the White Mountain group from Lafayette and M't Washington to the highest peaks of the central, southern and eastTowards the south and east ern chains in Sandwich and Conway. the whole State of New-Hampshire, with its innumerable scattered hills and lakes, among which Winnipiseogee is conspicuous, and a part of Maine, complete the grand, instructive, raised map which is opened before the beholder." See Benton and Warren. Carrigan is located in the Upper Pemigewasset valley, a little south-east from the Franconia range, and is 4,678 feet in height. Mount Iinji and Mount Moriah are located in Bean's Purchase and are situated about four miles south south-east from Gorham village. Their altitudes are respectively 4,702, and 4,653 feet. Carter Mountain, also in Bean's Purchase, but further south, 4,830 feet high. The views from their summits are grand, but is their �MOUNTAINS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 577 add much to the fine scenery around Gorham. Monadnock commonly called the Grand Monadnock, situated in the towus of Jaffrey and Dublin in Cheshire county, is the highest elevation in the southern and central section of the State and has an altitude 'of 3,718 feet. The principal ascent is made from the lofty elevations in themselves Jaffrey side. The scenery obtained from country for many its summit with numerous villages and ponds. Mount from its Carr, in crest is Pegnaivket or is exceedingly The fine. miles around appears like a vast plain studded See Jaffrey. Wentworth, has a height of 3,652 feet. The view extensive. Ki irsarge partly in Chatham, Mountain8,lies partly in Bartlett and 3,358 feet high. It is about three miles from North Conway, one of the greatest points for summer tourists The view from the summit of this mountain in New-Hampshire. is very fine and extensive. Table Mountain, is in Conway and has an altitude of 3,305 feet. Prospect Mountain, is situated in Holderne-s and Campton, is about four miles from Plymouth depot. It is about 2,963 feet in and a view from its summit, is of the most diversified character. A good carriage road has been built to its very top, and is much travelled by visitors stopping in Plymouth. height, Kearsarr/e Mountain, er, is situated in the towns of Salisbury, "Warn- Sutton and Wilmot in Merrimack county, and has an elevation of 2,742 feet above Northern railroad tide water. at It is approached by the cars on the the Potter Place depot in Andover, being only four miles to the Winslow House on the side of the mountain, and within one fourth of a mile from its summit. This fine hotel within the limits of Wilmot. It is reached on its southern Bide, by the Concord and Claremont Railroad, at Warner. A carriage road has been built on this side of the mountain nearly to the summit. The views from this mountain are the finest in the State. (See Warner and Andover.) Ossipee Mountain has no connecting chain with other Ossipee. mountains, but is a separate mound, about six miles in diameter and is located within the limits of the towns Sandwich, Tamworth, It is over 2,300 Ossipee, Tuftonborough and Moultonborough. feet high, and presents a grand and imposing appearance, from all is the towns surrounding it. �EN XEW-IIAMPSHIRE. MOUNTAINS 578 There are many other mountains in the State worthy of mention, and through the courtesy of William Little Esq., of Manches- we are enabled to give the altitude of a large number of the the names of the towns or in New-Hampshire an This will be valuable and ingrants in which they are located. ter, mountains 1 teresting for future reference. ALTITUDES. Heights of Mountains, New- Hampshire, above in Tide Water JUeas- MeasWliere situated, Mt Mt. Mt. Mt. Mt. Mt. Mt. Mt. ur, <1 Where by Washington, White Mountains, Guyot, Adams, 5,71 Clay, 5 os ( Stark, l Franconia, Lafa] ette, Lincoln, While Hits. Bean's Purcliase, Pemigewassi it. Bean's Purcluise, Pemigi wassett, Mi. Pleasant, Mt. Imp Mt. larrigain ( Mt. Moriah, Mt. Hancock, Cone Mt. i . Mt. Mi. ( 11 Whi il " " " " " WhiteMts. Jit. Kinsman, Bald Knob, Zandaff, Pemigewassett, Face Mt. " " Mt. .larks, n, White Mts. Pemigewassett, Tripyramid, Mt. Passaconaway, Sa odwich Dome, Chatham, Mt. Koj.se, Franconia, Mt. Cannon, ! iriissi tf, I', Brick House Mt., '• " " III 1. Mt. Monadnock Mt. Carmel, Mt. Black, Chen \ Mount Jaffrey, Pittsburg, Carrol, Wentworth, Ellsworth, .Mini 11 i (.mm stairs, Ml. IH -liliiall Mt. Resolution, [ghtt of " the 3,557 40 1 Pond, .Mt., Pawtm kaway Hanover, Mt., Deerfield, " 1,388 1,415 1,072 1,000 " S92 Sunapee Mountain, Newbury, starting from " 3,4oli 1,600 the shores ol Snnapee Lake is about 3,400 There are more than one hundred other Guyot 3,400 mountains in New-Hampshire from 1,000 to 393 1, leet high, but as their altitude lias never it been ascertained they are not inserted in this list. :; ., .; 3.3o7 Lakes and Ponds of Neiv- Hampshire above Tide Water. Feel Lake of the Clouds, Moose 1,887 1,151 '• Benton, some of • " II llitr Mis. I', migevtasselt Bear Mt., Ti eraont Park, Pi |u.i\'. ket, Bartlett & Clmtham, !!• :; Quimby. Temple, Dr. Jackson, Pitsfield, oaks. Goffstown, Guyot, 3,701 Qncan Quimby, " 3,670 Blue Mt., Milton, Dr. Jackson, " " Saddleback Mt., Northwood, 11. Pemigewassett, Woodstock, Owl's Head, Guyot, 2,958 Ur. Paris 3,71 Barrett Mt., 3,711 Catamount Mt., Wells, Benton, Mt., Carr, Mt. Kineo, Ihororna, Pemigewassett, Camtpon, Huntington 2,879 Warner, Ca.pt l'artridge,2..1i2. Huntington, 2,608 702 G irdner Mt Lyman, 4 157S Crown Mon'nt, Cor.Me.tf. H.d-Ca., Wells, 2,569 6 Dr. Jackson, 2,470 Gilford, Mt. Belknap, 4,42i> Mi. Deception, Guyot, 2,449 White Mts. Temple, Quimby, 2,385 4 400 Pack Monadnock, Huntington, 2,378 4,397 Mt. Mist, Warren, 4.370 Ossipee Mts., Ossipee, Dr. Jackson, 2,361 " 2,340 4,350 Mt. Cube, Orjord, Guyot, 2,320 4,330 Webster Slide Mt., Warren, Huntington, 2,254 4 320 Smart's Mt., Dorchester, 4.2 Quimby, 2,223 Francestown, Srotched Mt., Gw/ot, 2,209 Warren, 4,100 Mt. Sentinel, 4.100 Stoddard Mt., Quimby, 2,200 Stoddard, 4,100 Pieruiont Mt., Huntington, 2,167 Piermont, " 4,086 Squam Mt„ 2,162 Hbldemess, 4,030 Gunstock Mt., Gilford, Dr. Jackson, 2,062 " 3.969 Bald Top Mt., 2,050 Wentworth, " 3,910 Red Hill, 2,025 MouUonborough, Huntington, 2,000 Bartlett, Iron Mt,, " 2,000 3 550 Ragged Mt., Andover, I . " in ton, Jackson, Boldemess, Huntington, 2,9(53 " 2,960 Rumney. i Woodst'Ck, White Mts. Pemigewassett, Cat Mt., Mt. Willey, White Mts. 3,305 3 200 3,170 3,152 3,134 3,120 4,704] Mt. Kearsai ge, i-.;eola, Bltfe, \\ ild 1 Dr. Jackson, 3,350 Huntington, 3,336 Conway, Table Mt., Mote "Sit., Pemigewassett, Guyot, Echo Mt., Woodstock, 365 Mt. Waternomes, 5 Madison, I 5,290 Mt. Crawford, 5.101 Double Head Mt. Benti a. Huntington, 1,941 Mt. Prospect, Moo ilauke, Guyot, l. n 2(l|Stinson Mt., Twin Mountain, Pemir/e.wasset, 1,904 Green's' Cliff, Write Mts. Mt. franklin, 4,830 Campton Mt., Bean's Purchase, Mt. Carter, Ml ured by 5,553 Monroe, Orange, :; lardigan, 5,794 Percy Peak, .if It'erson, situated, White Mts., 5,009 Mi Lafayette, Deer Lake, Moosilauke, Pond, lonrceof the MagaUoway, lake, Franconia Notch Connecticut Lake, 4,1 , 4,090 2,917 1,926 l.olU �LAKES IN NEW-HAMPSHIKE. 579 Heights of some of the Notches or Passes, of New- Hampshire, above Tide Water. Feet. Water shod between Swift river and the Pemigewassett, Pinkham Notch, Franconia Notch, White Mts. Notch, Stoddard Summit, Feet Milan Summit, O. T. R. R., 2,618 HarriSTille Summit, M. & K. R. R., 2,018 Oliveriau Notch, 2,014 Whiteneld Summit, B. C. & M. R. R., 1,903 Orange Summit, N . R. R., 1,555 NEW-HAMPSHIRE ],luO 1,084 1,078 1,072 990 HILLS. We've stood beside Niagara's flood, And mused on Nature's skill, But nothing there His genius shows Like a New-Hampshire hill. We've sailed God calms upon broad ocean's wave it if He wills But nothing there shows quiet peace Like old New-Hampshire hills. We've been within the nation's dome, Stood gazing with a thrill But nothing there inspires such awe As a New-Hampshire hill. Within the banker's safe Steel chests his lucre we've stood fills But nothing there shows half the wealth Of old New-Hampshire hills. We've seen prairies and their flowers, Beside their sparkling rills, But nothing there looks half so fair As old When New-Hampshire hills. hand upon us 's laid, blood he chills, Then gently lower us to our graves, 'Mid old New-Hampshire hills. And death's cold life's warm LAKES IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. In a country where the surface is broken by hills and lofty be deep gorges and valleys, which afford basins where the streams from the hill, and mountain sides are mountains, there will �LAKES IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 580 drained, thus producing many lakes and ponds, and frequently pre- senting a natural painting of mountain, lake and river scenery, here and there touched with the brush held by the skilled hand of and civilization blended in one grand and magnificent view of all nature and art combined. In New-Hampshire is not an exception. Her many among her mountains and hills have justly entitled name of the Switzerland of America, and much of the this respect, lakes and ponds her to the scenery around her lakes is not excelled in beauty, even by the lake scenery in Switzerland. Connecticut Lake, county, and is necticut river. It a half in width. scenery on lake its the northern section of the State in Coos lies in the source of one of the principal branches of Conis five and a half miles banks is A very beautiful. a smaller body of water, and is in length, The lake contains an abundance of still and two and fish and the few miles above this farther north another These three bodies of water are distinguished as First, Second and Third Lakes, the latter being about five miles from Canada line. lake. Many travellers annually visit these northern lakes for fishing and pleasure recreation And, when the firey horse, Upon the Shall move gaudy train Along iron track, his their grassy banks, Freighted with precious life Then, will nature yield a half to art. And blended beauty quicken the eye of man. Mascoma) Lake. (See Enfield.) (See Auburn.) Newfound Lake is pleasantly located in the towns of BridgeIt is about seven miles long and three water, Bristol and Hebron. wide, and empties into Pemigcwassett river, at Bristol, by Newfound Mascomy {or Massabedck Lake. river. Ossipee Lake. Stafford's Lake. (See Ossipee.) (See Chesterfield.) the counties of Grafton, Belknap and and on the towns of Holderness, Sandwich, Moultonborough and Center Harbor. It is about six miles long, and, in its Squam Lake borders on Carroll ; widest part, three miles in width. It is a splendid sheet of water, �LAKES IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 581 studded with a succession of romantic islands. Its outlet is Squani River which discharges into the Pemigewasset River, in Ashland. Sunapee Lake is situated nearly on the height of land between the Connecticut and Merrimack rivers, and feet above tide water. elevated about 1,000 is on the eastern part of Sullivan, It borders and western part of Merrimack Couuties, and is in the towns of London, Newbury and Sunapee. It is about ten miles in length and from one half to one and one half miles in width and is noted for the fine, picturesque scenery which surrounds it. Sugar River is its outlet, which flows westerly into the Connecticut, at New Claremont. Umbagog Lake, but Lake Winnipiseogee, little inferior in size to and extends along the eastern part of Erroll and Cambridge, in New-Hampshire. It is irregularly shaped, is about eighteen miles long and, in some parts, ten wide. The scenery around this lake is wild and romantic, and it is a great resort for hunting and fishing, for lovers of those sports. Its outlet is on the west side, in Erroll, its waters flowing west, about two miles, where it joins the Magalloway, after which it is called the Androscoggin River. is situated mostly in Maine, Winnipiseogee Lake. However romantic and travellers, appears, in depth, its its This beautiful its Lake possesses singular charms. Lake George, the charmer of all elevation, the purity of mountain scenery, historic fame, it its mineralogy fish, its still, ; the present mode of spelling Winnepesocke. and Carroll. Its form it is This is Lake ; ; its width from one length is this lake, in the counties of is At on the north end there are three others. west to south east ries in but its but Winnipiseogee, pronounced Wini- very irregular. vided into three large bays east in all its bosom, its has a rival at the east, in the Winnipiseogee of New-Hampshire. There are various ways of spelling the name of jrisoky or waters, its rapid outlet, the 365 islands which bespangle Its the west end is Belknap it general course is from north- about twenty-five miles and to ten miles. is di- a fourth, and at the This lake is it va- environed by the pleasant towns of Moultonborough, Tuftonborough, Wolfeborough, Center Harbor, Meredith, Gilford and Alton, and overlooked by other delightful towns. The waters said to be are remarkably pure, and unfathomable. Its its sources depth, in some places, are principally is from �RIVERS IN NEW- HAMPSHIRE. 582 springs within name. its bosom. Its height, Its outlet is the rapid river of above the level of the stored with a great variety of excellent sea, is 472 it its waters, presents an icy expansion of great own It is In the summer fish. son steamboats, sloops, and smaller vessels ply on in the winter season its feet. sea- and useful- ness and beauty. It is said to contain 365 islands, several of which compose farms of from 200 to 500 acres. Of the scenery of this lake Edward Everett has left this testi- " I mony, in a speech made in New- Hampshire some years ago have been something of a traveler in our own country, though less than I could wish, and in Europe have seen all that is attractive, from the Highlands of Scotland to the Golden Horn of Constantinople from the summit of the Hartz Mountains to the fountains of Vauclure but my eye has yet to rest on a lovelier scene than that which smiles around yo as you sail from Wier's Landing to Center Harbor." What is true of this trip is true of that from Wolfeborough to Wier's, and in fact of all the trips to be taken upon the lake. The most'experien.vd call them equally fine. : — ; i In the warm season the two splendid steamers, Lady of the Lake, and Mt. Washington, both new, ply upon the lake; two points at which it may be approached from the south, and two points of departure for the mountains. The former runs between the Wier's, Centre Harbor, and Wolfeborough, and the latter be- tween Alton Bay, Wolfeborough, and Centre Harbor. The Boston, Concord, and Montreal Railroad connects with the former at Wier's, and the Boston and Maine with the latter, at Alton Bay. At Wolfeborough there is a rail connection with the Eastern Railroad by the Wolf borough branch, at Wolfeborough Junction, in Wakefield. There are many other small lakes aud ponds in various sections of the State, all having their peculiar charms, of which mention has been made in describing the towns in which they are located- RIVERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. Owing to the mountainous and elevated position of the and the proximity to the ocean, the streams are necessarily State, short, with rapid currents, and produce some of the best water power in the country. �RIVERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 583 The scenery along many of its river banks is not excelled, for beauty and grandeur, by any river scenery on the globe. The waters of its thousand rivulets find their way to the ocean through different channels, the Connecticut River drains the Androscoggin River the north-eastern portion, north of the White Mountains Saco River the southern portion of the White Mountains, and the eastern part of the State, five viz., western section of the State ; ; as far west and south as the highlands which separate its waters from those of the Merrimack and Piscataqua the Piscataqua the south-eastern section of the State and the Merrimack River which ; ; drains the south-western section of the White Mountains and the whole central portion of New-Hampshire from east to west, to Massachusetts line. A few towns on the coast may have their drainage directly into the ocean. Our knowledge of its are not as perfect as hydraulical resources for moving machinery we would like. appointed by the Governor, in 1872, to as to its Three commissioners were make a survey of the State hydraulic powers, but neglected to attend to their duties was not sufficient to make a and most important resource for the reason that the appropriation satisfactory report of this valuable Ten thousand of the State. dollars could not be better appro- priated than for a thorough survey of the water power of New- Hampshire. The total amount of water power, now improved, is about 69,000 forming reservoirs to retain the water, and By horse power. throwing dams across rivers, and excavating canals, it is said this capacity could be nearly doubled. Ammonoosuc Upper. the south, has its —Upper Ammonoosuc River, coming from source in the northern part of Randolph, and passes north, through Berlin and western part of Milan, thence a westerly direction through Stark and Northumberland, where empties into the Connecticut. in it Its principal tributaries are Phillips River, coming from the north through Odell, western part of Millsfield and Dummer, and joining the Ammonoosuc in Stark; and Nash's Stream, coming from the eastern portion of Columbia and Strafford, and passing berland. into the Its Ammonoosuc whole length is of 150,000 acres or 234 square miles is the northern part of Northum- in about ; fifty miles. and its It waters a basin improved water power about 900 horse power. Ammonoosuc Lower. — Lower Ammonoosuc River has its source �RIVERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 584 on the western side of the White Mountains ; thence passing west through the southern portion of Carroll and northern part of Bethlehem to Littleton thence, in a southerly direction, through the ; easterly part of Littleton, the westerly part of Lisbon, diagonally through Bath, and joining the Connecticut near the westerly corner of Haverhill. A considerable stream coming from Lincoln and Franconia passes in a north-westerly direction and joins the Ammonoosuc iu Lisbon. Two miles from its mouth, it receives the Wild Ammonoosuc, coming from the northerly part of Benton through LandafF. The Lower Ammonoosuc is noted for its romantic falls in the vicinity of the White Mountains. It is said to be the wildest and most rapid stream in New-Hampshire, having a fall of over 5,000 feet in its meandering course of about fifty miles. It drains a surface of over 220,000 acres or 344 square miles of territory. Its improved horse water power is about 2,700, with three times that capacity unimproved. Androscoggin River is formed principally from the waters of Uinbagog Lake and Magalloway River which unite about two miles below the lake. The Magalloway, which is its principal tributary, has its source and principal course in Maine, and crosses the State line at Wentworth's Location, thence southerly through the Location and forms the Androscoggin in Erroll. The Magalloway receives the water of Dimond River, coming from the eastern part of Stewartstown, easterly, through Dixville and Dartmouth College Grant, and joining it across the line in Maine. From Errol the Androscoggin flows in a southerly direction through the north-westerly corner of Cambridge, south-easterly corner of'Dummer, easterly part of Milan and Berlin to the centre of Gorham, whence it flows in an easterly direction through Shel- burne into Maine; thence, southerly, about one tide In in a meandering course, easterly and hundred and twenty miles, where it meets the water at Brunswick. its Stream, passage in in Erroll, Peabody River, passes near the this State, is in New-Hampshire it receives the waters of Clear coming from Dixville and Millsfield and Gorham, coming through the White Mountain ; head waters of Ellis River. about sixty miles, and 500,000 acres or 787 square miles. it Its whole course, in drains a territory of about The Androscoggin stream, and at Berlin Falls, in New-Hampshire, is 1,035 is a rapid feet above �RIVERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. and the north-west head of Magalloway River Improved power, 700 tide water feet. 585 ; Ashuelot River is one of the most important streams, of is 2,917 its size, Its principal improved water power. source is from ponds in Washington, and flowing thence, in a southwesterly direction, through Marlow, Gilsum, Surry, Keene, Swan- in the State, in point of zey, Winchester, Massachusetts it empties into the Connecticut, at Hinsdale, near Its principal line. branches are a stream coming from Stoddard, through the north-west corner of Nelson, southeast corner of Sullivan and north-west corner of Roxbury, to Keene and one from Dublin, through Marlborough, to South-Keene, Also a stream where it joins the stream coming from Stoddard. comes from Troy, through the south-west corner of MarlboNearly all of these rough, and joins the Ashuelot in Swauzey. ; sources are from ponds which have "been dammed, thus producing aud affording constant water power to the manufactories on the streams below. The length of the river is about forty miles, and it drains a basin of 240,000 acres, or 375 square miles. Its improved horse water power is about 3,600, with much large reservoirs still unimproved. of nearly 1,000 From its source to the Connecticut has a it fall feet. Baker's River is an important stream in Grafton County, and is formed by two branches uniting in Wentworth. The north branch has its source near Moosehillock, in Benton, whence it runs, in a southerly course, through Warren, to Wentworth, receiving in its passage a considerable stream issuing from Baker's Upper Pond, in the east part of Orford. The south branch rises in Orange, thence flowing north through the easterly part of Dorchester, and uniting with the north branch at the easterly part of Wentworth thence it pursues a south-east and easterly course, through the southerly part of Rumney and northerly part of Plymouth, where it forms a ; with the Pemigewasset, just above Plymouth Village. Gen. John Stark was captured by the Indians on this river, in the Captaiu Baker at one time, township of Rumney, April 28, 1752 also, attacked a party of Indians and defeated them at its mouth. juuction (See Plymouth.) It drains a part or the whole of twelve towns, comprising an area of about 150,000 acres, and has an improved horse water power of about 1,250. Back River, or Bellamy Bank, has its rise in Chesley Pond, in �RIVERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE^ 586 Barrington, and from a stream coming from Vnv and marshy land These two streams unite hi Madbury, and, after winding through the town the stream thus formed falls into the Pisin the vicinity. cataqua, on the west side of Dover Neck. water power in Dover, where there is It has some valuable a large woolen manufactory, situated about one half mile from the City Hall. principal source in Beaver Pond, in Lonpond it passes south, through Pelham, and the Merrimack, in Dracut, Massachusetts. Its waters Beaver River has donderry. falls into From its this flow from the whole or part of six towns. Bear Camp River has its source from several streams flowing from the south side of the Sandwich and Albany Mountains. It passes through Tamworth in an easterly direction and receives a considerable stream, coming from Albany, in Ossipee, and falls into Ossipee Lake, on its western border. Black Water River. Cold River has corner of Lempster Langdon and (See Contoocook River.) (See Androscoggin River.) Clear River. its source in thence ; Unity, Acworth and south-west passes through the southerly part of it the north-westerly corner of Alstead and mingles with the waters of the Connecticut, in the northerly part of Walpole. It drains a basin of nearly 60,000 acres, and has an improved horse water power of 650. and most important River in Newof soil, and fine and beautiful scenery, the Connecticut valley is not surpassed by any valley in this country. From its mouth nearly to its source its banks, on either side, are dotted with large and substantial farm houses and beautiful cities and villages. Connecticut River England. For is the largest richness Its principal source is and fertility among the highlands in the northern part name, in the Indian language, is said to signify Long River, or as some render it, the River of Pines, and pronounced Quonektacwt. Its general course is north and south, and its western bank forms the boundary line between New-Hampshire and of the State. Vermont ; Its thence it crosses the western part of Massachusetts, passes through the State of Connecticut, nearly in the center, and, after a fall of 1,600 feet from its head, it empties into Long Island Sound in latitude 41° 16', having traversed, by a meandering course, a distance of nearly 450 miles. Before the days of railroads, by means of canals and other im- �RIVERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. proveinents, the River was Falls, in the its mouth. made navigable 587 for boats to Fifteen Mile town of Monroe, N. H., being nearly 350 miles from The locks and canals are all going to decay, as rail- roads have supplanted their usefulness. The most considerable rapids in the river, in New-Hampshire, are Bellows' Falls, at Walpole, Queechy, at Plainfield, White River, below Hanover, and Fif- teen Mile Falls. Its principal tributaries, in this State, are Hall's stream at Stew- Upper Ammonoosuc at Northumberland, Israel's, at Lancaster, John's, at Dalton, Lower Ammonoosuc, at Bath, Mascomy, at Lebanon, Sugar and Little Sugar, at (Jlaremont, Cold, at Walpole, and Ashuelut, at Hinsdale. The basin of the Connecticut, in New-Hampshire, is narrow, artstown, extending back from one to four towns, whole of about ninety towns, and it drains part or the having an area of nearly 2,300,000 acres or 3,600 square miles. The water power of the tributaries of the Connecticut is valuable, and the improved For the agricultural facilities of the horse water power is 19,800. in the State, Connecticut valley please see page 403. The total area of the basin of the Connecticut is estimated at 12,000 square miles. Cuntoocook River, a stream of considerable length and importance, waters most of the towns in the west part of Hillsborough It has its rise from severel ponds in Rindge and Jaffrey extreme southern source being near Massachusetts line. It re ceives, in its course north, numerous streams flowing from Sharon, County. its Dublin, Peterborough, Greenfield, Hancock, Deering, Bennington, Antrim, Washington, Stoddard, Windsor, and Hillsborough. In Hillsborough it takes a northeasterly and easterly direction, and passes through Henniker to Hopkinton, where it receives " War- From Hopkinton it pursues a meandering course through Concord, and unites with the Merrimack between Concord and Boscawen, nearly sixty miles north of the The whole line between New-Hampshire and Massachusetts. length of the Contoocook, in its meandering course, is about eighty ner" and "Blackwater" rivers. miles. rise Its itself at tlte its is in Nelson, Harrisville Peterborough. river" has Nuhanusit river, having its and Dublin, and discharging water power is valuable. " Branch most important tributary from ponds Its source from ponds in Stoddard, and passes through northern section of Antrim into Hillsborough, and empties into �RIVERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 588 the Contoocook near the line between the latter town and Antrim. Warner river, a considerable stream, becomes a tributary of the Contoocook in Hopkintou, and flows from New London, Sutton, Newbury, Bradford, Warner and Hopkintou. Two miles farther east it receives the waters of the Blackwater, having its source in the towns of Springfield, Wilmot, Daubury and New London, and in its course receives numerous streams flowing from Andover, Salisbury, Webster and Boscawen. The waters which form the Cmtoocook flow from a part or whole of thirty-two different towns, parts of five different counties, and drain a surface of territory comprising an area of nearly 470,000 acres, or 734 square miles. With tributaries its its waters turn about 270 water-wheels, having a horse power of 5^976. one half of its available water power highest source, at Harrisville, to eight hundred its unimproved. is still mouth it Nearly From its has a desceut of over feet. dustin's island. mouth of the Contoocook is Dustin's Island, celebrated where Mrs. Hannah Dustin, in March, 1697, destroyed ten Indians. A fine and expensive granite monument is being erected here to the memory of Mrs. Dustiu aud her valorous deed. Near the as the spot Cocheco Elver takes Durham which in rise its several small streams in unite in Farmington, whence it flows in New an easterly and southerly direction through Rochester, there receiving as a Long pond in Barrington and Bow lake in Strafford thence passing through Dover it joins the Salmon Falls river, the principal branch of the Piscataqua. Its waters come from parts of nine towns, and together with its tributaries, it furnishes some excellent water power, amounting to tributary the Isinglass river flowing from ; about 1,500 improved horse power. — Dead River. See Dimond River. Dimond River has its principal source easterly part of Stewartstown ; Dixville and Dartmoutli College Grant several tributaries, it joins Dead in Dimond pond, in the thence flowing easterly through river ; receiving, in and crosses its Maine passage, line into the Magalloway. Ellis River has its rise on the eastern and southern side of the White Mountains, and, passing southerly through Jackson, it falls into the Saco, in Bartlett. In Jackson it receives several considr �DUSTIN. is to be erected on the island of the Contooeook river, near and in sight of the Northern Railroad, and on the precise spot where the wigwams stood when Mrs. Dustin dealt the death-blows on her cruel captors. The base of the monument is eight by nine feet square, and, including the statue (which is seven feet), is twenty-four feet high. This at the monument month is of solid granite, and ��RIVERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 589 erable tributaries the largest of which is Wildcat river, coming from the mountain passes and near the head waters of Peabody river, running into the Androscoggin. ; Sail's Stream or River rises in the highlands which separate this State from the British dominions, and forms the north-west bound- ary between New-Hampshire and Canada from its source to its junction with the Connecticut, at Stewartstown. Indian Stream in is of the Connecticut limits of the State, Coos county and rises it ; an 1 is the most northerly source highlands near the north-west in the flows in a south-westerly direction till it joins that river in Clarksville. Isinglass River. —See Cocheco River. formed by the waters which descend in cataracts from the summits of Mounts Adams and Jefferson. It flows in a north-westerly direction through Jefferson, and passes into the Connecticut at Lancaster village. This beautiful mountain stream receives its name fro'n Israel Glines, who, with his brother, frequented this region for hunting, long before any settlement in this It furnishes some valuable water power in part of the country. IsraePs River Jefferson is and Lancaster, which is generally improved. pond in the town of Jefferson. Its southerly branch rises in Carroll and unites with the main branch in Whitefield whence it flows through Dalton and into the Connecticut river. Its proximity to steep and high mountains makes it a fearful river in time of freshets, but mild enough in dry weather. Lamprey River is formed by two sources, called the North and South branches, which form a junction in Epping. The source of the North branch is on the north side of Saddleback mountain, in Northwood thence passing westerly around the base John's River has its principal source in Pondicherry ; ; of the mountain into Deerfield ; thence in a southerly direction through Nottingham into the north-east corner of Epping, where it meets the waters of the South branch coming from the northeasterly part of Candia and southerly portion of Deerfield, through Raymond, into the westerly part of Epping, where it receives the waters of Pautuckaway river, flowing from Pautuckaway pond in Nottingham its ; thence it pursues an easterly and northerly course to confluence with the North River branch. takes a northerly course through Lee Durham, where it ; From the junction it thence south-easterly through meets the tide water, at Lamprey River village, �RIVERS IN NEW-IIAMrSHIRE. 590 after a miles, meandering course, from its extreme source, of over thirty and a descent of over 1,000 feet. Its water power is valua- now improved. among the mountains being over 1,500 horse power, ble, Mad River takes its rise in Waterville, thence flowing southerly through the north-westerly part of Sandwich, the south-easterly part of Thornton, into Campton, where it joins the Pemigewasset River. Mascomy (or Mascoma) River has flowing southerly through Canaan, in Enfield ; from thence it its rise in it falls Dorchester, thence into the Mascomy Lake runs a westerly course through Leba- and discharges into the Connecticut, opposite Hartford, Vermont. The water power is valuable before it reaches the lake, which has been dammed, and affords a fine reservoir for manufactories along the river from the outlet of the lake. Its course is about twenty-five miles, and it waters a territory of over 100,000 acres. From its source to its mouth, it has a fall of over 600 feet, and an improved horse water power of 2,743. non, Magalloway River. See Androscoggin River. Merrimack River. This is one of the most important New England, and it is said that it, together with its rivers in tributaries, It is turns more machinery than any river in the world. formed by the junction of the Pemigewasset and Winnipiseogee rivers, at Franklin. The Pemigewasset has its source in the White and Franconia Mountains, and towns of Lincoln, Holderness, Ashland, Sanbornton, to passes through, cr borders the Woodstock, Thornton, Campton, Plymouth, New Hampton, Franklin. Its Bridgewater, Bristol, Hill, most important tributaries are Ba- Mad, Newfound, Squam, and Smith's Rivers. It drains the whole or part of thirty-three towns, covering an area of over 632, ker's, 000 acres, or nearly gee River is one thousand square miles. the outlet to Winnipiseogee Lake. The WinnipiseoIt flows (and is the dividing line) between Laconia and Gilford, and passes into Lake Winnisquam; from thence between Tilton and Belmont, and through the north-east corner of Northfield, and Southern part of Tilton, to Franklin. It waters part or the whole of sixteen towns, and, together with the lake, drains a territory of nearly 360,000 acres, or 562 square miles. the Pemigewasset it From the lake to its confluence with has a rapid descent of about 232 feet, some of the best and most permanent water power Hampshire. nishes and in fur- New- �RIVERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. From Franklin the 5<Jl Merrimack runs through or touches the towns of Northfield, Boscawen, Canterbury, Concord, Bow, Pembroke, Hooksett, Gofistown, Manchester, Bedford, Londonderry, Merrimack, Litchfield, Hudson and Nashua, to Massachusetts seventy-eight miles; thence, in a north-easterly course, thirtyfive miles, to the Atlantic, at Newburyport. line, principal tributaries, in Its which discharges its New-Hampshire, are Contoocook, waters on the north line of Concord between Concord and Pembroke ; Soucook, Turkey River, in Bow Suncook, Piscataquog, in Manchester the Souhegan in Merat Pembroke rimack and the Nashua, at Nashua. The large- basin of this river extends from the gorges of the white and Franconia Mountains, on the north, through the centre of the State, to its southerly boundary, and reaches nearly to the eastern and western limits of the State. It drains, in New-Hamp; ; ; ; ; about 2,293,000 acres, or 3,582 square miles, the waters com- shire, As it has been said, abundantly with fertile ing from a part or the whole of 130 towns. while nature has not endowed this basin and precious minerals, she has lifted its surface into succesand in places, into lofty peaks, which condense the vapor of the atmosphere into clouds, and cause them to yield frequent and copious showers. These numerous hills with their interlying valleys, and broad lakes, elevated above the ocean, are the gatherers and dispensers, continuously, of unmeasured powers which the skill of man may put in place of animal strength and muscle, and make subservient to the comfort and wealth of the community. soils sions of hills, The utilized -water amounts basin is power of the Merrimack and its tributaries and although the area of this to over 37,500 horse power, only a little over one third of the State, it contains over Not any more than one half of the available water power is now used. There are fine privileges on the Merrimack, at Hooksett, Garven's Falls, between Bow and Pembroke, and Sewell's Falls, in Concord Babboosuc Falls, on the Souhegan, in the town of Merrimack in Hillsborough and Henniker, on the Contoocook at Franklin, Northfield, Tilton, and Gilford, on the Winnipiseogee, besides many other powers, on its various tributaries, too numerous to mention. There are, on the banks of this beautiful river, the cities of Concord, Manchester, and Nashua, in New-Hampshire, and 170,000 inhabitants, or over one half its population. ; ; ; �RIVERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 592 Lowell, Lawrence, Haverhill, and Newburyport in Massachusetts, containing, in the aggregate, a population of 141,849. Mohawk River has its source in the mountains in Dixville, pass- through Colebrook and es west, land bordering this river is falls into noted for The the Counecticut. its fertility. Moose River has its rise on the north side of the White Mounnear the town of Randolph, through which it passes, and tains, joins the Androscoggin, in Shelburn. Nashua River has its source in Massachusetts, whence ders in a south-easterly direction, thence it mean- it takes a northern course and passes into New-Hampshire, at Hollis, and, thence, through Nashua, into the Merrimack. Its water power is valuable, at Nashua, and is generally improved. Nash's River thence flowing south, through the rises in Odell, western section of Stratford, it passes into Northumberland, Upper Ammonoosuc. New Found River is the outlet of New Found Lake, and falls into and the a passage of two miles, into the falls after Pemigewasset, in Bristol. Some of the best water power in the State, is on this river. Nubanusit River, or Goose Brook, has its source in a pond located in the west part of Hancock and eastern section of Nelson from thence it flows in a southerly and easterly direction, through ; several ponds, which have been At sive dams. risville (over made large reservoirs, by expen- the outlet of the last pond, in the village of Har- twelve hundred feet above tide water), have been erected four large woolen mills, capable of doing a business of over $750,000 annually. From Harrisville, the river pursues a south-easterly course, to Peterborough Village, where the Contoocook, Nearly all feet, in it falls into nine miles. the manufactories in Peterborough, are on this stream, which never in this making a descent of over 500 a drought. fails in Probably no stream, of its country (which can be utilized for machinery), has as valuable and permanent water power, as this river, from its size, much conflu- ence, to Harrisville. Oliver ian River is formed of two branches both having their source in the town of Benton ; the east branch from the west side of Moosehillock Mountain, and the north branch from Owl's Mountain. Head These branches unite near the east line of Haverhill, and thence the main stream passes through the south part of the town and falls into the Connecticut. �RIVERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. Oyster River has its after running nearly 593 source in Wheelwright's Pond, in Lee; whole course through Durham, its it and meets the tide water at Durham village, and joins the Piscataqua, near Piscataqua Bridge. At high tides, vessels of considerable burthen can come up to Durham village. There'are some very good mill-sites on this river. Ossipee River has its rise in Ossipee Lake, and flows east between Effingham and Freedom, passes with Saco River. Peabody River. A large in Maine and forms a junction (See Androscoggin River.) Peqwaivket River, an Indian two ponds into name of a small river flowing from Eaton, north into Conway, where it joins the Saco. tract of territory in the vicinity of this river, Peqwawket many years Pemigewassct River. (See Phillip's River. w^a called ago. (See Merrimack River.) Upper A^tnmonoosuc.) Piscataqua River the only large river whose entire course (after it receives its name) New-Hampshire, is formed by the juncand deep bed, hollowed out and partly by the flow of the tide. in is tion of several smaller rivers in a wide partly by these rivers The names of these streams, beginning at the north-east, are Salmon Falls, Cocheco, Bellamy Bank, Oyster, Lamprey, Squamscot, and Winnicut Rivers. The five last unite their waters in a The waters of this large bay between Durham and Greenland. bay, meet those of Salmon Falls and Cocheco at Hilton's Point, a few miles below Dover, and after line this junction, proceed in a direct about ten miles to the Ocean, three miles below Portsmouth. Few rivers in their passage of ten miles, cent appearance. strong current, so The much river so, is make a more magnifi- broad, very deep and moves with a that in this frigid zone, it seldom freezes banks on either side are moderately high and spread over with fertile farms and dotted with beautiful farm houses and other buildings. At Portsmouth, it affords one of the best harbors over. Its on the Continent. With its tributaries, it drains a territory, in this State, of nearly 500,000 acres, comprising a part or whole of forty- one towns, in four different counties. Its whole water drainage, including the portion drained in the State of Maine, is over 000,000 acres. Its improved water power is very valuable, amounting to 9,600 horse power. Piscataquog River has its principal source in the southern part of �RIVERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 594 Henniker and north-westerly part of Deering, whence it passes eastand southerly, through Weare, into Gotfstown, where it receives a considerable tributary coming from Lyndeborough and Frances- erly New Boston thence it pursues a south-easterly and joins the Merrimack in the south-westerly part of Man- town, through course, ; chester, at a point formerly called Piscataquog village. and id stream, Powow River It is a rap- some valuable water power. affords takes its principal source Great and County in ponds, in Kingston, and passes over the south-west part of East Kingston into South Hampton, thence into Amesbury, Massachusetts, and falls into the Merrimack betweeeu Salisbury and AmesIt furnishes bury. Red some valuable water power at Amesbury Mills. its source in a pond in the town of Sandwich, Hill River has thence running southerly it falls into the Winnipiseogee lake, in Moultonborough. Saco River ranks as one of the hfrgest in New-England, but its rapid descent from the Mountains to the Ocean, renders it not navigable to any extent. Mountains It springs from three sources in the White the branch issuing from the south-west side of the ; mountains, near the old Crawford House, and passing through the notch, is House, Next considered the main stream. to The Saco at the Crawford nearly 1,903 feet above tide water at Biddeford, Maine. is this is branch called the middle or Ellis' branch (or Saco) in Bartlett to the western part of aud passes discharges Rocky Branch, and beyond ; thence it Conway, thence the pursues a southerly course easterly through into Maine, thence south-easterly its is These two branches join the main River. the towu, through Maine, and waters into Saco Bay, after a course of 1GU miles. It coming from Waterville, through Alliany to Conway, and Ossipee River, flowing from Ossipee Lake nto Maine, near Hiram. As it passes out of the State, it is from receives the waters of Swift River, ten to twelve rods wide, with rush of waters a rapid down the mountain cm rent. Owing time of heavy rain known to rise thirty feet in Storms this river, in Conway, has been twenty-four hours. il i\\- It drains to the rapid steeps, in a basin of nearly oS0,000 acres, which from the whole or part of fifteen towns and locations. Smith's River rises from several ponds in Grafton and Orange; thence pursuing an easterly course through Danbury, the southern part of Alexandria and passes into the Pemigewasset, between Bristol and Hill. �RIVERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 505 Salmon Falls or Newichawannock River, the principal branch its rise in ponds in Wakefield, and forms the eastern boundary of New-Hampshire, from the north-east corner of the Piscataqua, takes of Milton to its confluence with the Piscataqua, at Hilton's Point. on the towns of Milton, Farmington, Rochester, Somersworth, Rollinsfbrd and Dover. Its waters flow from the whole or It borders part of twelve towns, in New-Hampshire, and Some over 130,000 acres. ments it drains a surface of of the largest manufacturing establish- in the State are located on this river, which has an improved horse water power of over 4,200. Soucook River has its erly part of Gilmanton, source in three ponds, lying in the south- whence it flows, in a southerly course, through Loudon, receiving several branches, and forms the boundary line between Concord and Pembroke, falling into the Merrimack River below Garvin's Falls. Souhegan River has its principal source from a pond in Ashburnham, Massachusetts thence it passes through Ashby into New ; Ipswich, through the north-west corner of Greenville, in a northerly course, thence in an easterly course, through Wilton, Milford, Amherst, and Merrimack, falling into the Merrimack River. Babboosuc Brook, flowing from a pond of the same name in Amherst, becomes a tributary, in Merrimack. It drains a part or the whole of eleven towns, comprising an area of about 150,000 acres, having an improved water power of 2,300. (See Merrimack.) Spiggot River takes its rise in Hampstead, and the south-east part of Derry, whence it flows southerly, through Salem and Methuen, Massachusetts, and joins the Merrimack in the city of Lawrence. Squamscot River. Suncook River (See Exeter.) a pond between Gilford and Gilmanton, near the summit of one of the Suncook Mountains, elevated 900 feet above its base. The water from this pond, passes through two rises in others at the foot of the mountains, thence it flows a southerly course, through the north easterly part of Gilmanton, to Barnstead Center ; thence westerly, through Pittsfield, edge of Chichester, Epsom, and between the towns of Allenstown and Pembroke, and falls into the Merrimack, near Suncook village. It is about thirty miles in length, and its waters flow from thirteen towns, and drain a surface of over 130,000 acres. Its improved water power is about Little Suncook has its source in Northwood and Deerfield, 2,975. from seven ponds and flows west, through Epsom, into the Suncook. �QUADRUPEDS, BIRDS AND FISHES. 596 Sugar River. Sunapee Lake is the principal source of Sugar Flowing from the Lake, in a westerly direction, through Sunapee into Newport, it receives the waters of the South Branch, thence flowing in a coming from Lempster, Goshen, and Unity northerly direction, by the course of the river, about three miles, it unites with the North Branch, having its source in the towns of Springfield, Grantham and Croydon thence turning and running River. ; ; westerly thirteen miles, through into the Connecticut. From Newport and Claremont, it empties the lake to the Connecticut, by the meandering course of the river, is about twenty-five miles, with a The Sugar, with its tributaries, turns over 120 fall of over 500 feet. water wheels, and has an improved horse water power, of nearly any more than half of its power improved. With its water power is considered as permavaluable, in proportion to its size, as that of any river 3,000, with not the reservoir of the lake, nent and as in the State. It drains a surface of over 180,000 acres, and its waters flow from part or the whole of twelve towns. Sugar, (See town of Charlestown.) Little. Stvift River. (See Saco Paver.) Warner River. (See Contoocook River.) Winnipiseogee River. (See Merrimack.) QUADRUPEDS, BIRDS AND FISHES. "When our forefathers first commenced to settle this State, the abounded with numerous wild animals, both large and small, of which the black and brown bear, catamount, wild-cat and large grey wolf were the most ferocious. With the exception, occasionforests ally, of a straggling wild cat none of these animals are in the southern portion of the State heavy ; but the bears still now found hold pos- mountain ranges, reaching from the Ossipce Mountains north to Canada line, and appear Bordering these heavy forests, quite as plenty as forty years ago. the farmers find it not very lucrative business to raise sheep, by session of the tracts of forests of the reason of bears devouring parts of their flocks and scattering the remainder. A few wolves still wander through the extreme north- ern section of the State. In the early settlement, the moose and red deer were quite plenty �QUADRUPEDS, BIRDS AND FISHES. The moose are now found, in all sections of the State. Umbagog Lake, and numbers, north of The beaver and gions. otter so, around ponds isolated from settlements. still quite as pleuty as The roost. — the former re- are only a few being found The mink, ferret and red convenient for the farmer's hen- raccoon, muskrat, wood-chuck, grey, red, flying, and striped squirrel, polecat and rabbit The porcupine the State. is in small deer in the mountain were once numerous extinct; while the latter are nearly fox are 597 still abound in all sections of found in the northern portion of the State in indeciduous tracts of forests. The raccoon and squirrels generally have their haunts near human habitations, to feast upon is the farmers' cornfields and apple orchards while the woodchuck and plucks the young clover and tender vegetables of the farm and garden. The eagle, hawk, red and cat owl are the principal birds of prey, and- the husbandman's chicks and lambs frequently serve them for a dinner, or a midnight meal. The crow, blue jay and chickadee are omniverous birds, and many of them stay here through the winter. Many species of ducks swarm our lakes, ponds and rivers through the summer. The loon usually stays near the ocean, but burrows in the in the summer fields and ; pastures, way to ponds inland eighty The night-hawk and whippoorwill can be almost any summer evening. The song of frequently find their miles from the sea coast. heard, in the country, the whippoorwill is hardly ever heard in the Partridges and pigeons are the State. but the quail are not as common. and many are killed every season. still northern counties of plenty in the forests, Woodcock and snipe abound, Various kinds of woodpeckers still numerous. Like some of the denizens in our large cities, who visit our mountains, lakes and streams every season, for recreation and health, the robin, bobolink, sparrow, brown thrush and wood thrush, black- are and many other species make their annual and orchards, and make our wood and mountaiu bird, pewit, blue bird visits to dells our fields resound with their sweet, melodious songs, to gladden the heart of every lover of nature. Our lakes, ponds and streams are still well stored with many pond perch, horn-pouts, dace and barvel The mountain ponds and (or suckers) are the most numerous. abound with trout, and millions are annually caught streams still Much attention has to serve the tables of the mountain hotels. kinds of fish. Pickerel, �INDIANS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 598 to stock our ponds and rivers Dams, thrown across our large rivers been given, for the past few years, with black bass and salmon. leading to the ocean, have obstructed the passage of ocean fish up who annually go to deposit their spawn. Fish ways the streams, so as to enable the salmon, shad, etc., to again have been arranged make their annual visits to the source of our rivers, and hoped that ere long our streams salmon and shad. will once to it is be more swarm with the INDIANS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. At the time the first settlements were commenced at Portsmouth, in 1623, the estimated number of Indians, then living within the present limits of New-Hampshire, was 5,000. small A tribe was planted in the vicinity of Exeter named Rowls, near Dover ; another, under a chief, and a third, the Piscataquas, on -the banks of the river of that name. The Ossipees lived on the north; east side of Winnipiseogee, and around Ossipee Lake, and the Pe- quawkets, on the upper branches of the Saco River. The large Penacooks occupied the lands on the Merrimack, making Concord and Amoskeag their chief places of resort. There tribe of the wnc several small tribes, or large communities, which belonged to the Penacooks, but river, At < this time, all ks, or these up and down the lived in various localities, from Pawtucket Falls, at Lowell, to Winnipiseogee Lake. the above tribes were subservient to the Pena- their chief limits, for The sachem, Passaconaway. protection against the Mohawks tribes within of New-York, formed themselves into a confederacy, distinguished by the name' of Pawtuckets, of which Passaconaway was the chief head. In the Connecticut River valley, there were some small tribes, whose names were unknown, with the exception of the Coos Indians, whose hunting grounds extended over a large portion of Grafion and Coos counties. These tribes, for over fifty years, tained peaceful relations with the early settlers quietly passed roamed in away; and all ; the evidence that ever the red the valley of the Connecticut, is main- but they have all men shown by the farmer's plow turning out portions of their bones, or arrow heads, stone pestles, and hatchets. King Philip's war commenced serious trouble the settlers ever in June, 1675, and was the first had with the Indians. With the �INDIANS IN NEW-nAMPSHIRE. 599 exception of the short Pequot "War in Connecticut, the colonists had lived with them half a century in profound peace. In the minds of the Indians, suspicions and jealousies began to operate they saw the English settlements extending on every side their own hunting grounds were narrowed and they began to be apprehensive they might be eventually dispossessed. Philip, sachem of ; ; the Wampanoags, who resided at Mount Hope, in Khode Island, an ambitious, shrewd, and bold man, was the most active instigator of the impending war. Though Belknap supposes he was hur ried into his is own rather by the rash ardor of his young warriors than by it preponderance of historical evidence inclinations, yet the certainly on the side of the former opinion. fluence, not only in his New own tribe, England, he resolved to deemed He intruders. but free his among Possessing great inall the Indians in whom country from those he and had sent his runners in all directions, the address to engage in the enterprise most of the tribes in the region. who The Penacooks, on resisted his. solicitations the Merrimack, were the only tribe — their sachem, Wonolanset, not hav- ing forgotten the charge of his father, Passaconaway, now dead, to cultivate the friendship of the white men. The Ossipees, in Strafford County, and the Pequawkets, on the Saco River, both included in the name of Northern Indians, ardently engaged in the hostile confederacy. Of the Eastern Indians, as those of Maine were called, almost the whole body came into the plan with readiness, and, as truth compels us to add, not without serious provocation, as, not long before, the wife of Squan- Pequawket sachem, was passing on Saco River, with her infant child in her frail bark canoe, some rude sailors, who had heard that Indian children could swim as naturally as the young of brutes, met her and wantonly overset her canoe. The child sunk the mother instantly dived and recovered it but the do, a noted ; ; child dying soon after, not only Squando, but the Indians in general, ascribed its death to this brutal treatment. Their discontents were inflamed by other provocations received from the eastern some of whom set- must be acknowledged, were unprincipled men. Philip engaged as his allies most of the tribes in MassachuAn artful plan to enlist the Mohawks in setts and Rhode Island. the war proved not only abortive but pernicious to himself. He had murdered, it has been said, some of this tribe and left their bodies unburied in the woods, imagining their brethren would astlers, it �INDIANS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 600 cribe the deed to the English, eracy against them and be provoked to join the confed- but one of the number, who had been ; left for dead, unexpectedly recovered, and disclosed to his countrymen the perfidy of Philip —a circumstance which made them his implaca- ble enemies. For some time had the colonists been apprehensive of hostile de- signs on the part of the Indians. by Their suspicions were confirmed Sansaman, a Christian Indian, the following occurence. whom Philip suspected of giving intelligence of his plots to the English, was murdered at his instigation, and his This act was considered as equivalent But the body thrown to of this Suite did not suffer as first settlers into a pond. a declaration of war. much as in wars brought on by the French and Canada Indians, years afterwards. the Merrimack were the Nashuas occupying the Nashua and the intervals upon the Merrimack, oppomouth of the river, and for some distance along its banks. The Tribes on lands on the site the The Souhegans, lived on the Souhegan, occupying the rich inter- and below the mouth of the SouheThese Indians were often called Natacooks or Nacooks, meaning a clearing, as much of their lands was clea ed. The Namoskeags lived near the falls of the Merrimack, now called Amoskeag, at the city of Manchester. vals on the Merrimack, above gan. The Penacooks occupied the rich intervals on the Merrimack, Penacook,* now including Bow, Boscawen, and Concord. The Winnipesaukies occupied the land in the vicinity of the Lake of that name. The Weares, at the outlet of the Lake, was a noted fishing place at for the Indians, thence the The cooks, name. four tribes above mentioned, were subservient to the Penna- who by living upon fertile soil, and long under control of a became the wise chief (Passaconnaway,) were more intelligent, and head of a powerful confederacy. The Falls, from the mouth of the Souhegan, to the mouth of the Contoocook, proved great fishing grounds for the Indians, at the right season of the year. The Namoskeag doubtless more Falls, were far the best for securing fish, fish were caught here, than at north of the Pawtucket * Tin- word wae formerly fall, spelt all and the other falls at Lowell. Pennacook, but, at tli»> present time, it is usually spolt �INDIANS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 601 1 PENACOOK INDIANS. The Penacook Indians, as a tribe, always kept good faith with Passaconaway was the first Sagamore of whom had any account. The Wheelwright purchase of land, between the Piscataqua and Merrimack rivers, it is said, was conveyed, and the deed signed by him. If that be the fact, he was a chief Sagamore of all the tribes in this section of New England as early as 1629. By Hubbard's narrative, he made his farewell speech to his children and people in 1660, and advised them to keep good faith with the English.* Wonolanset succeeded his father, and observed his dying advice The Penacooks were a warlike tribe, and set in their notions, and strenuously opposed to the introduction of Christianity among them, and obstinately refused to pray to God after the manner of the White Christians. Before 1670, a party of the Penacooks went down the river and built a fort at Pawtucket Falls, MassaThey also erected a fort on the east side of the Meirichusetts. the early settlers. the English mack, on Sugar Ball heights, The in Concord. following interesting lines are part of a beautiful poem, written and delivered by Mrs. Abba Woolsou, at the dedication of the Board of Trade Rooms, in Concord, Oct. 20, 1873, which related to the Penacook tribe ; Passaconaway, their chief; the Mo- hawks, their deadly foe; Mrs. Dustm's heroic deed, on Dustin's Island, at the mouth of the Contoocook River, and the Bradley Monument. What in March, 1697, haunts beloved stretch beyond! The sedgy shores of Horseshoe Pond, And Wattanummun's sluggish brook, Where once the savage Penacook Took deadly aim at beast and bird, And all the silent valley heard His whizzing arrow, where to-day Whistles the engine on its way. How proudly in this woodland shade Dwelt the wise chief his tribe obeyed, How r gaily by the river's side A sachem wed their royal bride, No later muse shall dare rehearse, It lives in Whittier's classic verse. * It is stated, in history, that at the time of his death. Passaconaway was about one hundred and twenty years of age �INDIANS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 60? « Not always thus with rousing cheer Of feast and bridal passed their year! Foes sought the vale of Penacook, there within the sheltered nook Sugar-Ball, thick arrows sped, And hostile Mohawks scalped their dead. And Of No terms of half-forgotten lore Were these sweet Indian names of yore To men who built our meadow-town, With dusky faces looking down From wooded heights, to matron's pale Who spied the savage in the vale, And trembled On lest the moon homesteads blazing In vain their should rise to the skies. fears, that shaft will tell Whose granite shows us where they fell And yonder isle that bears the name Of her who to its margin came A pale-faced captive, nerving there Her valiant soul to do and dare The utmost, if its fearful cost Might give once more her loved and lost. There by the stream whose waters flow As when she heard them long ago, Listening in terror for a sound From startled warriors, while the ground Echoed each foot-fall, and her breath Seemed warning them of coming death, There may her sculptured statue rise, Bearing its witness to the skies, That courage knows no narrow ban But brave endeavors to be free Strong arms ami stronger will should be Honored in woman as in man. [The following beautiful poem was written for, and read on the occa- commemoration of the Bi-Centennial Settlement of the of New-Hampshire, by the New-Hampshire Historical Society, at sion of the State the State Capitol, Concord, May 22, 1873.] �NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 603 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. EDNA DEAN PROCTOR. "A goodly realm!" said Captain Smith, Scanning the coast by the Isles of Shoals, While the wind blew fair, as in Indian myth Blows the breeze from the Land of Souls Blew from the marshes of Hampton spread Level and green that summer day, And over the brow of Great Boar's Head, From the pines that stretched to the west away; And sunset died on the rippling sea, Ere to the south, with the wind, sailed he. But he told the story in London streets, And again to court and Prince and king. "A truce," The north men is cried " to Virginia heats ; the land of hope and spring!" And in sixteen hundred and twenty-three, For Dover meadows and Portsmouth river, Bold and earnest they crossed the sea, And the realm was theirs and ours forever! Up from the floods of Piscataqua, Slowly, slowly they made their way Back to the Merrimack's eager tide, Poured through its meadows rich and wide; And the river that runs like a joyous brook Monadnock's darling, the Contoocook; And westward turned for the warmer gales And And the wealth of Connecticut's intervales; Winnipesaukee's tranquil sea, in hills and bright with isles Where the alder grows and the dark pine tree, And the tired wind sleeps and the sunlight smiles Up and on to the mountains piled, Peak o'er peak, in the northern air, Home of streams and of winds that wild Torrent and tempest vale-ward bear, Where the Great Stone Face looms changeless, calm As the Sphinx that couches on Egypt's sands, And the fir and the sassafras yield their balm to Bosomed Sweet as the odors of Morning lands. Where While And the eagle floats in the his comrade clouds the waters fill summer noon, drift, silent, by, with a mystic tune The fane the difts have built to the sky! And, beyond, to the woods where the huge moose browsed, And the dun deer drank at the rill unroused �NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 604 By hound or horn, anrl the partridge brood Was alone in the leafy solitude And the lake where the beaver housed her young, And the loon's shrill cry from the border rung, The Lake whence the Beauteous River flows, by Canadian snows. What were the Labors of Hercules To the toils of Heroes such as these? Guarding their homes from Savage foes Cruel as fiends in craft and scorn Felling the forest with mighty blows; Planting the meadow plots with corn Hunting the hungry wolf to his lair Trapping the panther and prowling bear; Bridging the river; building the mill Where the stream had leapt at its frolic will Rearing, in faith, by sorrow tried, The church and the school-house, side by side Fighting the French on the long frontier, From Louisburg, set in the sea's domains, To proud Quebec and the woods that hear Its fountains fed Ohio glide to the sunset plains; And when rest Risking their and comfort they yearned to all to see, be nobly free Honor and love for the valiant dead! With reverent breath let their names be read, Hiltons, Pepperels, Sullivans, Weares, Broad is the scroll the list that bears Of men As ever and brave, and true knew, And women of pure and glowing lives, Meet to be hei-oes' mothers and wives! For not alone for the golden maize, And the fishers' spoils from the teeming bays, And the treasures of forest, and hill, and mine They gave their barks to the stormy brine, as ardent, land, in its peril, Liberty, Learning, righteous Shone Of the in the vision they Age Law dimly saw come and the Land to be Heaven, fervently They labored and longed through the dawning gray For tin' blessed break of that larger day! to And. looking When Came to the wail of Harvard in sore distress to their ears through the wilderness, Harvard, the hope of the Colonies twain Planted with prayers by the lonely mainIt was loyal, struggling, Portsmouth town �NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 605 That sent this gracious message down " Wishing our gratitude to prove, And the country and General Court to move For the infant College beset with fears, (Its loss an omen of ill would be!) We promise to pay it, for seven years, Sixty pounds sterling, an annual sum, Trusting that fuller aid will come, And the Court and the country heard their plea, And the sapling grew to the wide-bowed tree. And when a century had fled, And the war for freedom thrilled with dread Yet welcome summons every home, By the lire-lit hearth, 'neath the starry dome, 1 ' They vowed that never their love should wane For the holy cause they burned to gain, Till right should rule, and the strife be done! List to the generous deed of one In the Revolution's darkest days The Legislature at Exeter met; Money and men they fain would raise, And despair on every face was set As news of the army's need was read Then, in the hush, John Langdon said " Three thousand dollars have I in gold; For as much I will pledge the plate I hold; Eighty casks of Tobago rum All is the country's. The time will come, If we conquer, when amply the debt she'll pay If we fail, our property's worthless." A ray Of hope cheered the gloom, while the Governor said " For a regiment now, with Stark at its head!" And the boon we gained through the noble lender Was the Bennington Day and Burgoyne's Surrender!" : ; and weary quest, Hid in their hallowed graves they rest; Nor the voice of love, nor the cannon's roar Wins them to field or fireside more Did the glory go from the hills with them? Conflict over Nay And ! for the sons are true to the sires gems they have set in our diadem Burn with as rare and brilliant tires And the woodland streams and the mountain Sing of the father's fame with theirs! One, in the shadow of lone Kearsarge the Nurtured Of for power, like the fabled charge the Gods, by Pelion's woody marge ; airs �606 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. So lofty his eloquence, stately his mien, That could lie have walked the Olympian plain The worshiping, wondering crowds had seen Jove descend o'er the feast to reign! And One, with a brow as Balder's fair, And his life the grandeur of love and peace; Easing the burdens the race must bear, Toiling for good he might not share, Till his white soul found its glad release! And one— a tall Corinthian column, Of the Temple of Justice prop and pride The judge unstained, the patriot tried, Gone to the bar supernal, solemn, Nor left his peer by Themis side Ah! when the Old World counts her Kings, 1 And from splendor of castle and palace brings The dainty Lords her Monarchies mould, We'll turn to the hills and say, " Behold Webster, and Greeley, and Chase, for three Princes of our Democracy!" Land of the cliff, the stream, the pine, Blessing and honor and peace be thine! Still may thy giant mountains rise, Lifting their snows to the blue of June, And the south wind breathe its tenderest sighs Over thy fields in the harvest moon And the river of rivers, Merrimack, Whose current never shall faint nor lack ! While the lakes and the crystal springs remain, Welcome the myriad brooks and rills Winding through meadows, leaping from hills To brim That its thrill banks and fly waiting wheels dash and roar for the to its Till the rocks are passed, Over its tide and the sea-fog steals by Newbury's shore! For the river of rivers is Merrimack, Whether it foams with the mountain rain. Or toils in the mill race, deep and black, Or, conqueror, rolls to the ocean plain! And still may the hill, the vale, the glen, Give thee the might of heroic men, And the grace of women pure and fair As the Mayflower's bloom when the woods are bare; And Truth and Freedom aye find in thee Their surest warrant of victory! Land of fame and of high endeavor, Strength and glory be thine forever �CONSTITUTION OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE. CHAPTER VIII. New-Hampshire Congressional, Councilor, and Senatorial and Legislative Officers Governor vote of the State in 1872 and 1873; Governors of New-Hampshire since 1680; Justices of the higher Courts of New-Hampshire, since 1776; Wheelwright Deeds; Cities and Towns in the United States of 6,000 inhabitants and upwards. Constitution Districts - 607 ; of ; State ; CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. Tlie Constitution of Neiv-Hampshire, as altered and amended by a convention of delegates held at Concord, in said State, by adjournment, on the second Wednesday of February, 1792. PART FIRST. BILL OF RIGHTS. Article 1. All men are born equally free and independent; theregovernment of right originates from the people, is founded in fore, all consent, and instituted for the general good. Art. 2. All men have certain natural, essential and inherent rights; among which are the enjoying and defending lift* and liberty acquiring, possessing and protecting property and, in a word, of seeking and obtaining happiness. Art. 3. When men enter into a state of society they surrender some of their natural rights to that society, in order to insure the protection of others; and without such an equivalent the surrender is void. Art, 4. Among the natural rights, some are in their very nature unalienable, because no equivalent can be given or received for them. Of this kind are the rights of conscience. Art. 5. Every individual has a natural and unalienable right to worship God according to the dictates of his own conscience and reason and no subject shall be hurt, molested or restrained in his person, liberty or estate, for worshipping God in the manner and season most agreeable to the dictates of his own conscience, or for his religious profession, sentiments or pei-suasion provided he doth not disturb the public peace, or disturb others in their religious worship. Art. 6. As morality and piety, rightly grounded on evangelical prin-' ciples, will give the best and greatest security to government, and will lay in the hearts of men the strongest obligations to due subjection; and as the knowledge of these is most likely to he propagated through a society by the institution of the public worship of the Deity, and of — — ; ; �CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 608 public instruction in morality and religion therefore, to promote those important purposes, the people of this State have a right to empower, and do hereby fully empower, the Legislature to authorize^ from time to time, the several towns, parishes, bodies corporate, or religious societies within this Slate, to make adequate provision, at their own expense, for the support ami maintenance of public, protestant teachers of piety, religion and morality: Provided, notwithstanding, That the several towns, parishes, bodies corporate, or religious societies, shall at, all times have the exclusive right of electing their own public teachers, and of contracting with them for their support and maintenance. And no person, of any one particular religious sect or denomination, shall ever be compelled to pay towards the support of the teacher or teachers of another persuasion, sect, or denomination. And every denomination of Christians, demeaning themselves quietly, and as good subjects of the State, shall be equally under the protection of the law and no subordination of any one sect or denomination to another shall ever be established by law. And nothing herein shall be understood to affect any former contracts made for the support of the ministry but all such contracts shall remain and be in the same state as if this constitution had not been made. Akt. 7. The people of tins State have the sole and exclusive right of governing themselves as a free, sovereign and independent State, and do, and forever hereafter shall exercise and enjoy every power, jurisdiction and right pertaining thereto, which is not or may not hereafter be by them expressly delegated to the United States of America, in ; ; ; Congress assembled. Akt. 8. All power residing originally in, and being derived from the people, all the magistrates and officers of government are their substitutes and agents, and at all times accountable to them. Art. 9. Jfo office or place whatsoever in government shall be hereditary the abilities and integrity requisite in all not being transmissible to posterity or relations. Akt. 10. Government being instituted for the common benefit, protection and security of the whole community, and not for the private interest or emolument of any one man, family or class of men therefore, whenever the ends of government are perverted, and public liberty manifestly endangered, and all other means of redress are ineffectual, the people may. and of right ought to, reform the old or establish a. new government. The doctrine <>f non-resistance against arbitrary power and oppression is absurb, slavish, and destructive of the good and happiness of mankind. Akt. 11. All elections ought to be free, and every inhabitant of the State, having the proper qualifications, has equal right to elect and be elected into office. Akt. 12. Every member of the community has a right to be protected by it in the enjoyment of his life, liberty, and property. He is therefore bound to contribute hi- -hare in the expense of such protection, and to yield his personal service when necessary, or an equivalent. Bui no part of a man's property shall be taken from him or applied to public OSes, without his own consent, or thai of the representative body of the people. Nor are the inhabitants of this State controllable by any other laws than those to which they, or their representative body, have given — ; their euii sent, ART. 1.'!. No person who is conscientiously scrupulous about the lawfulness of hearing arms, shall he compelled thereto, provided he will pa\ an equivalent. Art. 14. Every subject of this State is entitled to a certain remedy, by having recourse to the laws for all injuries he may receive in his person, property or character, to obtain right and justice freely, without �CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 609 being obliged to purchase it; completely, and without any denial; promptly, and without any delay; conformably to the laws. AitT. 15. No subject shall be held to answer for any crime or offense until the same is fully and plainly, substantially and formally described to him; or be compelled to accuse or furnish evidence against himself. And every subject shall have a right to product; all proofs that may 1x3 favorable to himself; to meet the witnesses against him face to race, and to be fully heard in his defense by himself and counsel. And no subject shall be arrested, imprisoned, despoiled, or deprived of his property, immunities or privileges, put out of the protection of the law, exiled or deprived of his life, liberty or estate, but by the judgment of law of the land. subject shall be liable to be tried, after an acqnital, for the same crime or offense. Nor shall the Legislature make any law that shall subject any person to a capital punishment (excepting for the government of the army and navy, and militia in actual service) without trial by jury. Art. 17. In criminal prosecutions, the trial of the facts in the vicinity where they happen is so essential to the security of the life, liberty and estate of the citizen, that no crime or offense ought to be tried in any other county than that in which it is committed; except, in cases of general insurrection in any particular county, when it shall appear to the judge of the superior court that an impartial trial can not be had in the county where the offense may* be committed, and upon their report, the Legislature shall think proper to direct the trial in the nearest county in which an impartial trial can be obtained. Art. 18. All penalties ought to be proportioned to the nature of the offense. No wise Legislature will affix the same punishment to the crimes of theft, forgery, and the like, which they do to those of murder Where the same undistinguishing severity is exerted and treason. against all offenses, the people are led to forget the real distinction in the crimes themselves, and to commit the most flagrant witb as little compunction as they do the lightest offenses. For the same reason a multitude of sanguinary laws is both impolitic and unjust; the true design of all punishments being to reform, not to exterminate his peers, or the Art. 16. No mankind. Art. 19. Every subject has a right to be secure from all unreasonable searches and seizures of his person, his houses, his papers, and all his possessions. Therefore, all warrants to search suspected places, or arrest a person for examination or trial, in prosecutions for criminal matters, are contrary to this right if the cause or foundation of them be not preand if the order, in a warviously supported by oath or affirmation rant to a civil officer, to make search in suspected places, or to arrest one or more suspected persons, or to seize their property, be not accompanied with a special designation of the persons or object of search, and no warrant ought to be issued but in cases and arrest or seizure with the formalities prescribed by law. Art. 20. In all controversies concerning property, and in all suits between two or more persons, except in cases in which it has been heretofore otherwise used and practiced, the parties have a right to trial by jury; and this method of procedure shall be held sacred unless, in cases arising on the high seas, and such as relate to mariners' wages, the Legislature shall think it necessary hereafter to alter it. Art721. In order to reap the fullest advantage of the inestimable privilege of the trial by jury, great care ought to be taken that none but ?ualitied persons should be appointed to serve; and such ought to [be] ally compensated for their travel, time, and attendance. Art. 12. The liberty of the press is essential to the security of freedom in a State; it ought, therefore, to be inviolably preserved. Art. 23. Retrospective laws are highly injurious, oppressive and un; ; �CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 610 No just. such laws, therefore, should be made, either for the decision of civil causes, or the punishment of offenses. Art. 24. A well regulated milithh is the proper, natural and sure defense of a State. Art. 25. Standing armies are dangerous to liberty, and ought not to be raised or kept up, without the consent of the Legislature. Aht. 26. In all cases, and at all times, the military ought to be undei strict subordination to, and governed by, the civil power. Art. 27. No soldier, in time of peace, shall be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner; and in time of war such quarters ought not to be made but by the civil magistrate, in a manner ordained by the Legislature. Art. 28r No subsidy, charge, tax, impost or duty shall be established, fixed, laid, or levied, under any pretext whatsoever, without the consent of the people, or their representatives in the Legislature, or authority derived from that body. Art. 29. The power of suspending the laws, or the execution of them, ought never to be exercised but by the Legislature, or by authority derived therefrom, to be exercised in such particular cases only as the Legislature shall expressly provide for. Art. 30. The freedom of deliberation, speech and debate, in either house of the Legislature, is so essential to the rights of the people, that it can not be the foundation of any action, complaint or prosecution, in any other court or place whatsoever. Art. 31. The Legislature shall assemble for the redress of public grievances, and for making such laws as the public good may require. Art. 32. The people have a right, in an orderly and peaceable manner, to assemble and consult upon the common good, give instructions to their representatives, and to request of the legislative body, by way of petition or remonstrance, redress of the wrongs done them, and the grievances they Buffer. Akt. 33. No magistrate or court of law shall demand excessive bail or sureties, impose excessive fines, or inflict cruel or unusual punishment. Aut. 34. No person can in any case be subjected to law-martial or to any pains or penalties by virtue of that law, except those employed in the army or navy, and except the militia in actual service, but by authority of the Legislature. Akt. 35. It is essential to the preservation of the rights of every individual, his life, liberty property, and character, that there be an imparIt is the tial interpretation of the laws and administration of justice. right of every citizen to be tried by judges as impartial as the lot of humanity will admit. It is, therefore, not only the best policy, but for the security of the rights of the people, that the judges of the supreme judicial court should hold their offices so long as they behave well; subject, however, to such limitations pn account of age as may be provided by the constitution of the State; and that they should have honorable salaries, ascertained and established by standing laws. Aut. 3fi. Economy being a most essential virtue in all States, especially in a young one, no pension should be granted but in considei of actual Services; and such pension ought to be granted with great caution by the Legislature, and never for more than one year at a time. Ai;r. :*7. In the government of this state, the three essential powers thereof, to wit, the legislal ive, executive and judicial, ought to be kept, as separate from, and independenl of each other, as the nature of a free government will admit, or as is consistent with that chain of connection that binds the whole fabric of the constitution in one indissoluble bond of union and amity. Akt. 38. A frequent recurrence to the fundamental principles of the constitution, and a constanl adherence, to justice, moderation, temperance, industry, frugality, and all the social virtues, are indispensably �CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 611 necessary to preserve the blessings of liberty and good government. ought, therefore, to have a particular regard to all those principles in the choice of their officers and representatives: and they nave a right to require of their law-givers and magistrates an exact ana constant observance of them in the formation and execution of the laws necessary for the good administration of government. The people PART SECOND. FORM OF GOVERNMENT. The people inhabiting the territory formerly called the Provineo of New-Hampshire, do hereby solemnly and mutually agree with each other to form themselves into a free, sovereign and independent body politic, or State, by the name of The State of New-Hampshire. 1. 2. GENERA! COURT. The supreme legislative power within the State shall be vested in Senate and House of Representatives, each of which shall have a the negative on the other. 3. The Senate and House shall assemble every year, on the first Wednesday of June, and at such other times as they may judge necessary, and shall dissolve and be dissolved seven days next preceding the said first Wednesday of June, and shall be styled The General Court of Nt ic-Hampshire. 4. The General Court shall forever have full power and authority to erect and constitute judicatories and courts of record, or other courts, to be holden in the name of the State, for the hearing, trying and determining all manner of crimes, offenses, pleas, processes, plaints, actions, causes, matters and things whatsoever, arising or happening within this State, or between or concerning persons inhabiting, or residing, or brought within the same, whether the same be criminal or civil, or "whether the crimes be capital or not capital, and whether the said pleas be real, personal, or mixed, and for the awarding and issuing execution thereon. To which courts and judicatories are hereby given and granted full power and authority, from time to time, to administer oaths or affirmations for the better discovery of truth in any matter in controversy, or depending before them. 5. And farther, full power and authority are hereby given and granted to the said General Court, from time to time, to make, ordain and establish all manner of wholesome and reasonable orders, laws, statutes, ordinances, directions, and instructions, either with penalties or without, so as the same be not repugnant or contrary to this Constitution, as they may judge for the benefit and welfare of this State, and for the governing and ordering thereof, and of the»subjects of the same, for the necessary support and defense of the government thereof, and to name and settle annually, or provide by fixed laws, for the naming and settling of all civil officers within this State; such officers excepted, the election and appointment of whom are hereafter in this form of government otherwise provided for; and to set forth the several duties, powers and limits of the several civil and military officers of this State, and the forms of such oaths or affirmations as shall be respectively administered unto them for the execution of their several offices and places, so as the same and also_ to impose be not repugnant or contrary to this Constitution and to impose and fines, mulcts, imprisonments, and other punishments levy proportional and reasonable assessments, rates and taxes upon all the inhabitants of, and residents within the said State; and upon all estates within the same; to be issued and disposed of by warrant under the hand of the Governor of this State for the time being, with the advice and consent of the Council, for the public service, in the necessa; ; �CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. G12 ry defense and support of the Government of this State, and the protection and preservation of the subjects thereof, according to such acts as are or shall be in force within the same. 6. And while the public charges of government, or any part thereof shall be assessed on polls and estates in the manner that has heretofore een practiced; in order that such assessments may be made with equality, there shall be a valuation of the estates within the State, taken anew once in every five years at least, and as much oftener as the General 1 Court shall order. No member of the General Court shall take fees, be of counsel, or act as advocate in any cause before either branch of the Legislature; and upon due proof thereof such member shall forfeit his seat in the Legis7. lature. 8. The doors of the galleries of each House of the Legislature shall be kept open to all persons who behave decently, except when the welfare of the State, in the opinion of either branch, shall require secrecy. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. There shall be in the Legislature of this State a repi*esentation of the people, annually elected, and founded upon principles of equality; and in order that such representation may be as equal as circumstances will admit, every town, parish, or place entitled to town privileges, having 9. one hundred and fifty ratable male polls, of twenty-one years of age and upward, may elect one representative; if four hundred and fifty ratable polls, may elect two representatives and so proceeding in that proportion, making three hundred such ratable polls the mean increasing num; ber for every additional representative. 10. Such towns, parishes, or places as have less than one hundred and ratable polls shall be classed by the General Court for the purpose of choosing a representative, and seasonably notified thereof. And in every class formed for the above mentioned purpose, the first annual meeting shall be held in the town, parish or place wherein most of the ratable polls eside and afterward in that which has the next highest number, and so on annually by rotation, through the several towns, parishes or places forming the district. 11. Whenever any town, parish or place entitled to town privileges as aforesaid, shall not have one hundred and fifty ratable polls, and be so situated as to rentier classing thereof with any other town, parish or place very inconvenient, the General Court may, upon application of a majority of the voters in such town, parish or place issue a writ for their electing and sending a representative to the General Court. 12. The members of the House of Representatives shall be chosen annually, in the month of March, and shall be the second branch of the Legislature. 13. All persons qualified to vote in the election of senators shall be entitled to vote within the district where they dwell, in the choice of representatives. II. Every member of the House of Representatives shall be chosen fifty i ; bj ballot; and fortwoyears atleastnext preceding his election, shall havebeen an inhabitant of this State, [shall have an estate within the district which he may lie chosen to represent, of the value of one hundred pounds, one half of which to be a free hold, whereof he is seized in his own right]* shall be at the time of his election an inhabitant of the town, parish or place he may be chosen to represent; shall be of the Prareligion, and shall cease to represent such town or parish or placo immediately on his ceasing to be qualified as aforesaid. "'. The members of both Houses of the Legislature shall be compensated for their services out of the treasury of the State, by a law made il 1 * Soo Amemluieuts �CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. for that purpose without license. 16. be ; 613 such members attending seasonably, and not departing All intermediate vacancies in the House of Representatives may from time to time, in the same manner as annual election- a tilled, • made. 17. State, The House of Representatives shall be the grand inquest of the and all impeachments made by them shall be heard and tried by the Senate. 18. All money bills shall originate in the House of Representatives, but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments, as on oth< r bills, 19. The House selves, but of Representatives shall have power no longer than two days at a time. to adjourn them- 20. A majority of the members of the House of Representatives shall be a quorum for doing business; but when less than two thirds of Hi representatives elected shall be present, the assent of two thirds OfthoE members shall be necessary to render their acts and proceedings valid. 21. No member of the House of Representatives or Senate shall be arrested or held to bail on mesne process, during his going to, returning from, or attendance upon, the Court. 22. The House of Representatives shall choose their own Speaker, appoint their own officers, and settle the rules of the proceedings in their own House; and shall be judge of the returns, elections and qualifications of its members, as pointed out in tins constitution. They shall have authority to punish by imprisonment every person who shall be guilty of disrespect to the House in its presence by any disorderly and contemptuous behavior, or by threatening or ill treating any of its members; or by obstructing its deliberations; every person guilty of a breach of its privileges in making arrests for debt, or by assaulting any membi r during his attendance at any session in assaulting or disturbing any one of its officers in the execution of any order or procedure of the House; in assaulting any witness or other person ordered to attend, by and during his attendance of the House, or in securing any person arrested by order of the House, knowing them to be such. 23. The Senate, Governor aud Council, shall have the same powers in like cases; provided that no imprisonment by either, for any offense exceed ten days. 24. The journals of the proceedings, and all public acts of both houses of the Legislature, shall be printed and published immediately after every adjournment or prorogation; and upon motion made by any one member, the yeas and nays upon any question shall be entered on the journal; and any member of the Senate or House of Representatives shall have aright, on motion made at the same time for that purpose, to have his protest or dissent, with the reasons, against any vote, resolve or bill passed, entered on the journal. i • ; SENATE. 25. The Senate shall consist of twelve members, who shall hold tin ir office for one year from the first Wednesday of June, next ensuing their election. 26. And that the State may be equally represented in the Senate, the Legislature shall from time to time, divide the State into twelve districts, as nearly equal as may be, without dividing towns and unincorporated places; and in making this division they shall govern themselves by the proportion of direct taxes paid by the said districts, and timely make known to the inhabitants of the State the limits of each district. 27. The free holders as in this constitution is a senator, at some and other inhabitants of each district, qualified provided, shall annually give in their votes for meeting holden in the month of March. �CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 614 28. The Senate shall be the first branch of the Legislature, and the Senators shall be chosen in the following manner: namely, every male inhabitant of each town and parish with town privileges, and places unincorporated, in this State, of twenty-one years of age and upward, excepting paupers and persons excused from paying taxes at their own request, shall have a right, at the annual or other meetings of the inhabitants of said towns and parishes, to be duly warned and holden annually forever in the month of March, to vote in the town or parish wherein he dwells, for the senator in the district whereof he is a member. 29. Provided nevertheless, That no person shall be capable of being elected a senator who is not of the Protestant religion [anil seized of a freehold estate in his own right of the value of two hundred pounds, lying within the State]* who is not of the age of thirty years, and who shall not have been an inhabitant of this State for seven years, immediately preceding his election, and at the time thereof he shall be an inhabitant of the district for which he shall be chosen. 30. And every person qualified as the constitution provides, shall be considered an inhabitant, for the purpose of electing and being elected into any office or place within this State, in the town, parish and plantation where he dwelleth and hath his home. 31. And the inhabitants of plantations and places unincorporated, qualified as tins constitution provides, who are or shall be required to assess taxes upon themselves toward the support of government, or shall be ta xed therefor shall have the same privilage of voting for senators in the plantations and places wherein they reside, as the inhabitants of the respective towns and parishes aforesaid have. And the meetings of such plantations and places for that purpose shall be holden annually in the month of March, at such places respectively therein as the assessors thereof shall direct which assessors shall have like authority for notifying the electors, collecting and returning the votes as the selectmen and town-clerks have in their several towns by this constitution. ''•2. The meetings for the choice of Governor, Council, and Senators, shall be warned by warrant from the selectmen, and governed by a moderator, who shall in the presence of the selectmen (whose duty it shall be to attend), in open meeting, receive the votes of all the inhabitants of such towns and parishes present, and qualified to vote for senators ami shall in said meetings, in presence of the said selectmen and of the town-clerk in said meetings, sort and count the said votes, and make a public declaratian thereof, with the name of every person voted for, and the number of votes for each person; and the town-clerk shall make a fair record of the same at large, in the town book, ami shall make out a, fair attested copy thereof, to be by him sealed up and directed io the Secretary of the State, with a, superscription expressing the purporl thereof; and the said town-clerk shall cause such attested copy 1" be delivered to the sheriff of the county in which said town or parish shall lie, thirty days at least before the first Wednesday of June, or to the Secretary of the Slate at least twenty days before the Said first Wednesday of June; and the sheriff of each county, or bis deputy, shall deliver all such certificates by him received into the Secretary's office, at least twenty days before the first Wednesday of June. And that there may be a, due meeting of senators on the first Wednesday of June annually, the Governor, and a majority of the Council for the time being, shall, as soon as may be, examine tile returned copies of Mich records, and fourteen days before the first Wednesday of June, he shall issue his summons to such persons as appear to be chosen senators by a majority of votes, to attend and take , ; : ''' ] - * See Amendments. �CONSTITUTION OF NE^Y-HAMPSIIIRE. 615 their seats on that day; Provided, nevertheless, that for the first year the said returned copies shall be examined by the President and the majority of tile Council then in office; and the said President shall in like manner notify the persons elected to attend and take their seats accordingly. 34. And in case there shall not appear to be a senator elected by a majority of votes for any district, the deficiency shall be supplied in the following manner: namely, the members of the House of Representatives, and such senators as shall be declared elected, shall take the names of the two persons having the highest number of votes in the district, ami out of them shall elect, by joint ballot, the senator wanted for such district; and in this manner all such vacancies shall he filled in every district of the State; and in like manner all vacancies in the Senate, arising by death, removal out of the Slate, or otherwise, shall be supplied as soon as may be, after such vacancies happen. 35. The Senate shall be final judges of the elections, returns, and qualifications of their own members, as pointed out in this constitution. 36. The Senate shall have power to adjourn themselves, provided such adjournment do not exceed two days at a time. Provided, nevertheless, That whenever they shall sit on the trial of any impeachment, they may adjourn to such time ami place as they may think proper, although the Legislature be not assembled on such day. or at such place. 37. The Senate shall appoint their president and other officers, and determine their own rules of proceedings. And not less than --veil members of the Senate shall make a quorum for doing business; and when less than eight senators shall be present, the assent of five, at least, shall be necessary to render their acts and proceedings valid. 38. The Senate shall be a court, with full power and authority to hear, try and determine all impeachments made by the House of Representatives against amy officer or officers of the State, for bribery, corruption, mal-practice, or mal-administration in office; with full power to issue summons or compulsory process for convening witnesses before them; but previous to the trial of any such impeachment, the members of the Senate shall respectively be sworn truly and impartially to try And and determine the charge in question, according to evidence. every officer impeached tor bribery, corruption, mal-practice, or malattested copy of the administration in office, shall be served with an impeachment, and order of Senate thereon, with such citation as the Senate may direct, setting forth the time and place of their sitting to try the impeachment; which service shall be made by the sheriff, or such other sworn officer as the Senate may appoint, at least fourteen days previous to the time of trial; and such citation being duly served and returned, the Senate may proceed in the hearing of the impeachment, giving the person impeached, if he shall appear, full liberty of producing witnesses and proofs, and of making his defense by himself and counsel; and may, also, upon his refusing, or neglecting to appear, hear the proofs in support of the impeachment, and render judgment and such judgment thereon, his non-appearance notwithstanding; shall have the same force and effect as if the person impeached had appeared and pleaded in the trial. 39. Their judgment, however, shall not extend farther than removal from office, disqualification to hold or enjoy any place of honor, trust, or profit, under this State: but the party so convicted shall nevertheless be liable to indictment, the laws of the land. trial, judgment and punishment, according to 40. Whenever the Governor shall be impeached, the chief justice of the supreme judicial court shall, during the trial, preside in the Senate, but have no vote therein. �616 CONSTITUTION OP NEW-HAMPSHIRE. EXECUTIVE POWER. GOVERNOR. There shall be a supreme executive magistrate, who shall be and whose title shall stjied Governor of the State of New-Hampshire 41. ; be His Excellency. 42. The Governor shall be chosen annually in the month of March and the votes for Governor shall be received, sorted, counted, certified, and returned, in the same manner as the votes for Senators and the Secretary shall lay the same before the Senate and House of Representatives, on the first Wednesday of June, to be by them examined; and in ease of an election by a majority of votes through the State, the choice shall be by them declared and published. And the qualifications of electors of the Governor shall be the same as those for senators and if no person shall have a majority of votes, the Senate and House of Representatives shall, by a joint ballot, elect one of the two persons having the highest number of votes, who shall be declared Governor. aikI no person shall be eligible to this office unless, at the time of his election he shall have been an inhabitant of this State for seven years next preceding, and unless he shall be of the age of thirty years [arid unless he-shall at the same time have an estate of the value of five hundred pounds, one half of which shall consist of a freehold of his own right within this State],* and unless he shall be of the Protestant re; ligion. 43. In cases of disagreement between the two houses with regard to the time or place of adjournment or prorogation, the Governor, with advice of Council, shall have a right to adjourn or prorogue the General Court, not exceeding ninety days at any one time, as he may determine the public good may require and he shall dissolve the same seven days before the said first Wednesday of June. And in case of any infectious distemper prevailing in the place where the said Court at any time is to convene, or any other cause whereby dangers may arise to the health or lives of the members from their attendance, the Governor may direct tin- session to be holden at some other, the most convenient place within the State. 11. Every bill which shall have passed both Houses of the General Court, shall, before it became a law, be presented to the Governor; if he approve, lie shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his objections, to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with such objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays; and the names of the persons voting for or against the hill shall be entered on the journal of each Bouse respectively. If any bill shall not lie returned by the rovernor within five days (Sunday excepted) after it -hall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law in like manner as if lie had Signed if unless the Legislature, by their adjournment, pre\ enl its return, in which case it shall not he a law. 45. Every resolve shall he presented to the Governor, and, before the same shall take effect, shall lie approved by him or, being disapproved by him, shall be re-passed by the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules aud limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. -hi. All judicial officers, the attorney-general, solicitors, all sheriffs, coroners, registers of probate, and all officers of the navy, and general and field officer's of the militia, shall be nominated and appointed by the ; I ; * See Amendment. �CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. Governor and Council ; 617 and every such nomination shall be made at appointment; and no appointment shall least three days prior to such take place unless a majority of the Council agree thereto. 47. The Governor and Council shall have a negative on each other, both in the nominations and appointments. Every nomination and appointment shall be signed by the Governor and Council, and every negative shall be also signed by the Governor or Council, who made the same.. 48. The captains and subalterns in the respective regiments shall be nominated and recommended by the field officers to the Governor, who is to issue their commissions immediately on receipt of such recommendation. 49. Whenever the chair of the Governor shall become vacant by reason of his death, absence from the State, or otherwise, the President of the Senate shall, during such vacancy, have and exercise all the powers and authorities which, by this constitution, the Governor is vested with when personally present but when the President of the Senate shall exercise the office of Governor, he shall not hold his office in the Senate. 50. The Governor, with advice of Council, shall have full power. and authority, in recess of the General Court, to prorogue the same from time to time, not exceeding ninety days in any one l'ecess of said court; and, during the sessions of said Court, to adjourn or prorogue it to any time the two Houses may desire, and to call it together sooner than the time to which it may be adjourned or prorogued, if the welfare of the State should require the same. 51. The Governor of this State, for the time being, shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy, and all the military forces of the State by sea and land; and shall have full power by himself or by any chief commander, or other officer or officers, from time to time to train, instruct, exercise and govern the militia and navy and for the special defense and safety of this State, to assemble in martial array, and put in warlike posture the inhabitants thereof, and to lead and conduct them, and with them to encounter, repulse, repel, resist and pursue by force of arms, as well by sea as by land, within and without the limits of this State.; and also to kill, slay, destroy, if necessary, and conquer by all fitting ways, enterprise and means, all and every such person and persons as shall at any time hereafter, in a hostile manner, attempt or enterprise the destruction, invasion, detriment, or annoyance of this State and to use and exercise over the army and navy, and over the militia in actual service, the law-martial in time of war, invasion, and also in rebellion declared by the Legislature to exist, as occasion shall necessarily require; and surprise, by all ways and means whatsoever, all and every such person and persons, with their ships, arms, ammunition, and other goods, as shall in a hostile manner invade or attempt the invading, conquering or annoying this State; and in fine, the Governor hereby is intrusted with all other powers incident to the office of captain-general and commander-in-chief and admiral, to be exercised agreeably to the rules and regulations of the constitution and the laws of the land Provided, That the Governor shall not at any time hereafter, by virtue of any power by this constitution granted, or hereafter to be granted to him by the Legislature, transport any of the inhabitants of this State, or oblige them to march out of the limits of the same, without their free and voluntary consent, or the consent of the General Court, nor grant commissions for exercising the law-martial in any case, without the advice and consent of the Council. 52. The power of pardoning offenses, except such as persons may be convicted of before the Senate, by impeachment of the House, shall be in the Governor, by and with the advice of Council but no charter of pardon, granted by the Governoi-, with advice of Council, before conviction, shall avail the party pleading the same, notwithstanding any ; ; ; : ; �CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 618 genera] or particular expressions contained therein, descriptive of the offense or offenses intended to be pardoned. 53. No officer, duly commissioned to command in the militia, shall be removed from his office but by the address of both Houses to the Gevernor, or by fair trial in court-martial, pursuant to the laws of the State for the time being. 54. The commanding officers of the regiments shall appoint their adjutants and quartermasters; the brigadiers, their brigade major*; the major-generals, their aids; the captains and subalterns their non-com- missioned officers. The division of the militia into brigades, regiments, and compamade, in pursuance of the militia laws- now in force, shall be considered as the proper division of the militia of this State, until the same, shall be altered by some future law. 56. No moneys shall be issued out of the treasury of this State, and disposed of (except such sums as may be appropriated for the redemption of bills of credit or Treasurer's notes, or for the payment of interest arising thereon), but by warrant under the hand of the Governor for the time being, by and with the advice and consent of the Council, for the necessary support and defense of this State, and for the necessary protection and preservation of the inhabitants thereof, agreeably to the acts and resolves of the General Court. All public boards, the commissary-general, all superintending offi57. cers of public magazines and stores belonging to this State, and all commanding officers of forts and garrisons within the same, shall, once in every three months, officially, and without requisition, and at other times when required by the Governor, deliver to him an account of all goods, stores, provisions, ammunition, cannon with their appendages, and all small arms with their accouterments, and all other public property under their care respectively; distinguishing the quantity and kind of each as particularly as may he; together with the condition of such forts and garrisons; and the commanding officer shall exhibit to the Governor, whenrequired by him, true and exact plans of such forts, and of the laud and mm. or harbor or harbors adjacent. 58. The Governor and Council shall lie compensated for their services, from time to time, by such grants as the General Court shall think rea55. nies, son aide. 59. Permanent and honorable salaries shall be established by law for the justices of the superior court. COUNCIL. There shall be annually elected by ballot live councilors, for advising the Governor in the executive part of government. The freeholders and other inhabitants in each county, qualified to vote for senators, shall, Mime time in the month of March, give in their votes foronecouncilor; which vote shall lie received, sorted, counted, certified and re60. the Secretary's office, in '.he same, manner as the votes for senby the Secretary laid before the Senate and House of Representatives on tic first Wednesday of June. 01. And the person having a majority of votes in any county shall be considered as duly elected a councilor; but if no person shall have a majority of votes in any county, the Senate and House of Representatives -hall take the n allies of the two persons who have the highest number of votes in each county, and not elected, and out of those two shall elect byjoinl ballot the councilor wanted for each county; and the qualifications for councilor -hall lie the same as for senator. 62, [f any person thus chosen a councilor shall he elected Governor, ember df either branch of the Legislature, and shall accept the trust fir or if any person elected a councilor shall refuse to accept the office or in the case of tin; death, resignation, or removal of any councilor out of the turned <<> ators, to l.i' m : ; �CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 619 State] the Governor may issue a precept for the election of a now councilor in that county where such vacancy shall happen; and the choice shall he in the same manner as before directed; and the Governor shall have full tower ami authority to convene the Council, from time to time at his discretion and with them, or the majority of them, may and Bhall, i ; from time to time, hold a council for ordering and directing the affairs of State according to the laws of the land. 63. The members of the Council may be impeached by the Bouse, and tried by the Senate for bribery, corruption, mal-practice or mal-administration. 64. The resolutions and advice of the Council shall be recorded by the Secretary in a register, and signed by all the members present, agreeing thereto; and this record may be called for at anytime by either house of the Legislature, and any member of the Council may enter his opinion contrary to the resolution of the majority, with the reasons for such opinion. 65. The Legislature may. if the public good shall hereafter require it, divide the State into five districts, as nearly equal as may be, governing themselves by the number of ratable polls and proportion of public taxes; each district to elect a councilor; and in case of such division, the manner of the choice shall be conformable to the present modi- of elecrfcm in counties. 66. And whereas the elections appointed to be made by this constitution on the first Wednesday of June annually by the two houses of the Legislature, may not be completed on that day, the said elections may be adjourned from day to day until the same be completed. And the order of the elections shall be as follows: The vacancies in the Senate, if any. shall be first filled: the Governor shall then be elected, provided there should be no choice of him by the people, and afterward the two houses shall proceed to fill the vacancy, if any. in the Council. tliis SECRETARY, TREASURER, COMMISSARY-GENERAL, ETC. secretary, treasurer and commissary-general shall be chosen by joint ballot of the senators and representatives assembled in one room. 68. The records of the State shall be kept in the office of the Secretary and he shall attend the Governor and Council, the Senate and Representatives, in person or by deputy, as they may require. 69. The Secretary of the State shall at all times have a deputy, to be by him appointed; for whose conduct in office he shall be responsible; and in case of the death, removal or inability of the Secretary, his deputy 67. The ; shall exercise all the duties of the office of Secretai-y of the State until another shall be appointed. 70. The Secretary, before he enters upon the business of shall give bond, with sufficient sureties, in a reasonable of the State, for the punctual performance of his trust. sum his office, for the use COUNTY TREASURERS &C. The county treasurers and registers of deeds shall be elected by the inhabitants of the several towns in the several counties in the State, according to the method now practiced, and the laws of the State Provided nevertheless the Legislature shall have authority to alter the manner of certifying the votes and the mode of electing those officers, but not so as to deprive the people of the right they now have of electing 71. : them. 72. And the Legislature, on the application of the major part of the inhabitants of any county, shall have authority to divide the same into two districts for registering deeds, if to them it shall appear necessary; each district to elect a register of deeds and before they enter upon the business of their offices, shall be respectively sworn faithfully to discharge the duties thereof, and shall severally give bond, with suffi; �CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 620 cient sureties, in a reasonable sum, for the use of the county, for the punctual performance of their respective trusts. JUDICIARY POWER. commissioned officers shall have by law in their offices shall be expressed in their respective commissions. All judicial officers, duly appointed, commissioned and sworn, shall hold their offices during good behavior, excepting those concerning there is a different provision made in this constitution Provided, nevertheless, the President,* with consent of the Council, may remove them upon the address of both houses of the Legislature. 74. Each branch of the Legislature, as well as the Governor and Council, shall have authority to require the opinions of the justices of the superior court upon important questions of law, and upon solemn occasions. 75. In order that the people may not suffer from the long continuance in place of any justice of the peace, who shall fail in discharging the important duties of his office with ability and fidelity, all commissions of justices of the peace shall become void at the expiration of five years from their respective dates; and, upon the expiration of any commis73. The tenure that all whom : sion, the same may, if necessary, be renewed, or another person appointed, as shall most conduce to the well-being of the State. 76. All causes of marriage, divorce and alimony, and all appeal»from the respective judges of probate, shall be heard and tried by the superior court, until the Legislature shall by law make other provision. 77. The General Court are empowered to give to justices of the peace jurisdiction in civil causes, when the damages demanded shall not exceed four pounds, and title of real estate is not concerned but with right of appeal to either party to some other court, so that a trial by jury, in the last resort, may be had. 78. No person shall hold the office of judge of any court, or judge of probate, or sheriff of any county, after he has attained the age of seven: ty years. 79. No judge of any court, or justice of the peace, shall act as attorney, or be of'counsel to any party, or originate any civil suit, in mailers which shall come or be brought before him as judge or justice of the peace. 80. All matters relating to the probate of wills and granting letters of administration shall be exercised by the judges of probate, in such manner as the Legislature have directed, or may hereafter direct; and the judges of probate shall hold their courts at such place or places, on such axed days as the conveniency of the people may require, and the Legislature, from time to time appoint. 81. No judge or register of probate shall be of counsel, act as advocate, or receive any fees as advocate or counsel, in any probate busi ne-- which is pending or may be brought into any court of probate in the county of which he is judge or register. CLERKS OP COURTS. The judges of the courts (those of probate excepted) shall appoint their respective clerks, to hold their office during pleasure; and no such clerk shall act as an attorney, or be of counsel in any cause in the court of which he is clerk, nor shall he draw any writ originating a 82. civil action. ENCOURAGEMENT OF LITERATURE. learning, generally diffused through a communibeing essential to the preservation of a free government; and spreading tiie opportunities and advantages of education through the various parts 83. Knowledge and ty, * Governor, in former priutod editions, but President in the original. �CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 621 of the country being highly conducive to promote this end, it shall bo the duty of the legislators and magistrates, in all future periods of this government, to cherish the interest of literature and the sciences, and all seminaries and public schools; to encourage private and public institutions, rewai-ds anil immunities for the promotion of agriculture, arts, commerce, trades, manufactures and natural history of the country; to countenance and inculcate the principles of humanity and general benevolence, public and private charity, industry and economy, honesty and punctuality, sincerity, and all social affections and generous sentiments among the people. sciences, OATH AND SUBSCRIPTIONS EXCLUSION FROM OFFICES; COMMISSIONS; WRITS; CONFIRMATION OF LAWS; HABEAS CORPUS; THE ENACTING STYLE; CONTINUANCE OF OFFICERS; PROVISION FOR A FUTURE REVIS ION OF THE CONSTITUTION, &C. ; 84. Any person chosen governor, councilor, senator or representative, military or civil officer (town officers excepted), accepting the trust, shall, before he proceeds to execute the duties of his office make and subscribe the following declaration; namely. I, A, B., do solemnly swear that I will bear faith and true allegiance to the State of New-Hampshire, and will support the constitutionthere So help me God. A. B., do solemnly and sincerely swear and affirm that I will faithfully and impartially discharge and perform all the duties incumbent according to the best of my abilities; agreeably to on me as the rules and regulations of this constitution and the laws of the State of New-Hampshire. So help me God. Any person having taken and subscribed the oath of allegiance, and the same being filed in the Secretary's office he shall not be obliged to take said oath again. Provided, always, When any person, chosen or appointed as aforesaid shall be of the denomination called Quakers, or shall be scrupulous of swearing, and shall decline taking the said oaths such person shall take and subscribe them, omitting the word " swear, " and likewise the words, " So help me God.'''' subjoining instead thereof, " This I do under the pains and penalties of perjury." 85. And the oaths of affirmation shall be taken and subscribed by the Governor, before the President of the Senate, in presence of both houses of the Legislature, and by the senators and representaves first elected under this constitution, as altered and amended, before the President of the State and a majority of the Council then in office, and for ever afterward and by all other before the Governor and Council for the time being officers, before such persons and in such manner as the Legislature shall from time to time appoint. 86. All commissions shall be in the name of The State of NewHampshire, signed by the Governor, and attested by the Secretary, or his deputy, and shall have the great seal of the State affixed thereto. 87. All writs issuing out of the clerk's office in any of the courts of law, shall be in the name of The State of New-Hampshire shall be under the seal of the court whence they issue, and bear teste of the chief, first or senior justice of the court; but when such justice shall be interested, then the writ shall bear teste of some other justice of the court, to which the same shall be returnable and be signed by the clerk of such court. 88. All indictments, presentments and informations shaD conclude, Against the peace and dignity of the State. 89. The estate of such persons as may destroy their own lives shall not for that offense be forfeited, but descend or ascend in the same manner as if such person had died in a natural way. Nor shall any article which shall accidentally occasion the death of any person be henceforth of. I, ; ; ; �622 CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. deemed a deodand, or in any wise forfeited on account of such mis- fortune. 90. All the laws which have heretofore been adopted, used and approved in the province, colony or State of STew-Hampshire, and usually practiced on in the courts of law, shall remain and be in full force until altered and repealed by the Legislature; such parts thereof only excepted as are repugnant to the rights and liberties contained in this constitution: provided that nothing herein contained, when compared with the twenty-third article in the bill of rights, shall be construed to affect the laws already made respecting the persons or estates of absentees. 91. The privilege and benefit of the habeas corpus shall be enjoyed in this State, in the most free, easy, cheap, expeditious and ample manner, and shall not be suspended by the Legislature except upon the most urgent and pressing occasions, and for a time not exceeding three months. 92. The enacting style in making and passing acts, statutes and laws, shall be, Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives, in General Court convened. 93. No governor or judge of the supreme judicial court shall hold any office or place under the authorities of this State, except such as hy this constitution they are admitted to hold, saving that the judges of the said court may hold the offices of justices of the peace throughout the State; nor shall they hold any place or office, or receive any pension or salary from any other State government or power whatever. 94. No person shall be capable of exercising at the same time more than one of the following offices in this State namely, judge of probate, sheriff, register of deeds; and never more than two offices of profit, which may be held by appointment of the Governor, or Governor and Council, or Senate and House of Representatives, or superior or inferior courts; military offices and offices of justices of the peace excepted. 95. No person holding the office of judge of any court, except special judges, Secretary, Treasurer of the State, Attorney-General, Commisary-General, military officers receiving pay from the continent or this State, excepting officers of the militia, occasionally called forth on an emergency, register of deeds, sheriff, or officers of the customs, including naval officers, collectors, of excise and State and continental taxes, hereafter appointed, and not having settled their accounts with the respective officers with whom it is their duty to settle such accounts, members of Congress, or any person holding any office under the United States, shall at the same time hold the office of Governor, or have a seat in the Senate or House of Representatives, or Council; but his being chosen and appointed to and accepting the same, shall operate as a resignation of their seat in the Chair, Senate, or House of Representatives, or Council, and the place so vacated shall be filled. No member of fche Council shall have a seat in the Senate or House of : Representatives. 96. No person shall ever be admitted to hold a seat in the Legislature, or any office of trust or importance under this government, who in the due course of law, has been convicted of bribery or corruption in obtaining an election or appointment. 97. In all cases when; sums of money are mentioned in this constitution, the value thereof shall be computed in silver at six shillings and eighl pence per ounce. 98. To the end that there maybe no failure of justice or danger to the State, by the altera! inns and amendments made in the Constitution, the General Court is hereby fully authorized and directed to fix the time, when the alteration and amendments shall take effect, and make the nece-.-ary arrangements accordingly.* > * See Act of December 14, 1792. �CONSTITUTION OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. G23 99. It shall be the duty of the selectmen and assessors of the several towns and places in this State, in warning the first annual meetings for the choice of senators, after the expiration of seven years from the adoption of this constitution as amended, to insert expressly in the warrant this purpose among the others for the meeting; to wit. to take the sense of the qualified voters on the subject of a revision of the constitution; and the meeting being warned accordingly, and not otherwise, the moderator shall take the sense of the qualified voters present as to the necessity of a revision and a return of the number of votes for and against such necessity shall be made by the clerk, sealed up and directed to the General Court at their then next session; and if it shall appear to the General Court by such return, that the sense of the people of the State has been taken, and that in the opinion of the majority of the qualified voters in the State, present and voting at said meetings, there is a ; necessity for a revision of the constitution, it shall be the duty of the General Court to call a convention for that purpose; otherwise the General Court shall direct the sense of the people to be taken, and lien proceed in the manner before mentioned; the delegates to he chosen in the same manner and proportioned as the representatives to the General Com*t; provided that no alterations shall he made in this constitution before the same shall be laid before the towns and unincorporated places, and approved by two thirds of the qualified voters present and voting on the subject. 100. And the same method of taking the sense of the people as to a revision of the constitution, and calling a convention for that purpose, shall be observed afterward, at the expiration of every seven years. 101. This form of government shall be enrolled on parchment, and deposited in the Secretary's office, and be a part of the laws of the land and printed copies thereof shall be prefixed to the books containing the laws of this State, in all future editions thereof. I IN CONVENTION, HELD AT CONCORD THE FIFTH DAY OF SEPTEMBER, ANNO DOMINI 1792. The returns from the several towns and unincorporated places being examined, and it appearing that the foregoing Bill of Rights and Form of Government, as amended by the convention, were approved by more than two thirds of the qualified voters present in town meetings, and voting upon the question, the same are agreed on and established by the delegates of the people in convention and declared to be the civil Constitution of the State of New-Hampshire. SAMUEL LIVERMORE, President of the Convention. Attest John Calfe, Secretary. AMENDMENTS. PROCLAMATION. Executive Department, Concord Sept. 16th, 1852. Be it known, that I, Noah Martin, Governor of the State of NewHampshire, in obedience to the request of the Constitutional Convention, do hereby proclaim to the people of this State, that the const itution of the same is amended by striking from it in part 2d, section 14th, the words, "shall have an estate within the district where he may be chosen to represent of the value of one hundred pounds, one half of which to �62-4 CONGRESSIONAL AND COUNCILOR DISTRICTS IN 1873. a freehold whereof he is seized in his own right ;" and from section 29th the words, " and seized of a freehold estate in his own right of the value of a hundred pounds, In ing a- i thin this State;" and section 43d the words, a?id unless he shall at the same time have an estate of the value offive hundred pounds, one half of which shall consist of a freehold in his own right within this State.'''' The foregoing property qualifications are stricken out, and the constitution is thus amended by the suffrages of more than two thirds of the legal voters present in town meeting and voting upon the questions. [l. S.] Given under my hand, and the seal of the State affixed, at the Council ( 'haniher. September the sixteenth, A. D., 1852, and of the independence of the United States of America the seventyseventh. be NOAH MARTIN. By the Governor John L. Hadley, Secretary of State. STATE OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE. Secretary of State's Office, Concord, January 21th, 1853. A true copy of the original Attest : John L. Hadley, ) J Secretary of State. CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS IN 1873. New-Hampshire is entitled to three membei-s in the National House of Representatives, and the State is divided into three districts, as follow: District Number One—Rockingham, Strafford, Belknap, and Car- roll counties. District District Number Two—Merrimack and Hillsborough counties. Number Three— Cheshire, Sullivan, Grafton, and Coos counties. COUNCILOR DISTRICTS IN 1873. divided into five Councilor districts, each of which may The choose one Councilor annually. Council District Number One contains the county of Rockingham, except the city of Portsmouth and the towns of Gosport. Greenland, State is Hampton, Newcastle, Newington, Newmarket, North Hampton, Rye, South Newmarket, and Stratliam, and the county of Merrimack, except the towns of Bradford, Newbury, New-London, Sutton, Warner and Wilmot. Council District Number Two contains the county of Strafford, the county of Belknap, except the towns of New Hampton, Sanbornton, and Tilton, and the city of Portsmouth, and the towns of Gosport, Greenland Hampton, Newcastle, Newington, Newmarket, North Hampton, Rye, South Newmarket, and Stratham, in the county of Rockingham. Council District Number Three contains the county of Ilillsbo �SENATORIAL DISTRICTS. G25 rough, except the towns of Antrim, Bennington, Deering, Francestown, Greenfield, Hancock, Hillsborough, New Boston, and Windsor. Council District Number Four contains the counties of Cheshire and Sullivan, the towns of Bradford, Newbury, New Loudon, Sutton, Warner and Wilmot in the county of Merrimack, the towns of Antriu, Bennington, Deering, Greenfield, Francestown, Hancock, Hillsborough, New Boston, and Windsor, in the county of Hillsborough, and the town of Lebanon, in the county of Grafton. Council District Number Five contains the counties of Coos and Carroll, the county of Grafton, except the town of Lebanon, and the towns of New Hampton, Sanbornton, and Tilton, in the county of Belknap. SENATORIAL DISTRICTS. The divided into twelve Senatorial Districts, each of which may elect one Senator to the legislature annually. Senatorial District Number One contains Durham, Gosport, Green land, Hampton, Hampton Falls, Newcastle, New ington, \ewmaiket, North Hampton, Portsmouth, Rye, South Newmarket, and Stratham. Senatorial District Number Two contains Atkinson, Auburn Brentwood, Candia, Chester, Danville, Deerfield, Derry, East Kingston, Epping, Exeter, Fremont, Hampstead, Kensington, Kingston, Londonderry, Newton, Northwood, Nottingham, Pelham, Plaistow, Raymond, Salem, Sandown, Seabrook, South Hampton, and Windham. Senatorial District Number Three contains the city of Manchester. Senatorial District Number Four contains Allenstown, Bow, Chichester, Concord, Dumbarton, Epsom, Hooksett, Loudon, Pembroke and State is Pittsfield. Senatorial District ington, Lee, Number Five contains Barrington, Dover, Farni- Madbury, Rochester, Rollinsford, and Somersworth. Senatorial District Number Six contains Alton, Barnstead, Belmont. Brookfield, Canterbury, Center Harbor, Effingham, Gilford, Gilmanton, Holderness, Laconia, Madison, Meredith, Middleton, Milton, Moulton- borough, New Durham, New Hampton, Northfield, Ossipee, SanbomSandwich, Strafford, Tamworth, Tilton, Tuftonborough, Wakefield, and Wolfeborough. ton, Senatorial District Number Seven contains Brookline, Fitzwilliam, Greenville, Hollis, Hudson, Jaffrey, Mason, Nashua, New Ipswich, Rindge, Sharon, Temple, and Wilton. Senatorial District Number Eight contains Amherst, Bedford. Bennington, Bradford, Deering, Francestown, Goffstown, Greenfield. HenHopkinton, Litchfield, Lyndeboi*ough, Merrimack, Milford, niker, Mount Vernon, New Boston, Peterborough, Warner and Weare. Senatorial District Number Nine, contains Antrim, Chesterfield, Dublin, Gilsum, Hancock, Harrisville, Hillsborough, Hinsdale, Keene, Marlborough, Nelson, Richmond, Roxbury, Stoddard, Sullivan, Surry, Swanzey, Troy, Westmoreland, Winchester and Windsor. Senatorial District Number Ten contains Acworth. Alstead, Charlestown, Claremont, Cornish, Croydon, Goshen, Grantham, Langdon. Leb- �STATE OFFICERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE, 1873 626 — 4. anon, Lempster, Harlow, Newport, Plainfield, Springfield, Sunapee, Unity, Walpole, and Washington. Senatorial District Number Eleven contains Alexandria, Andover, Ashland, Boscawen, Bridgewater, Bristol, Carnpton, Canaan, Danbury, Lyme, New London, Newbury, Orange, Orford, Piermont, Plymouth, Salisbury, Sutton, Webster, and Wilmot. Enfield, Franklin, Grafton, Hanover, Hebron, Hill, Number Twelve contains all the towns and places and the towns of Albany, Bartlett, Bath, Benton, Bethlehem, Chatham, Conway, Dorchester, Eaton, Ellsworth, Franconia, Freedom, Groton, Hart's Location, Haverhill, Jackson, Landaff, Lincoln, Lisbon, Littleton, Lyman, Monroe, Rumney, Thornton, Warren, Waterville, Wentworth, and Woodstock. The Election for the choice of Governor, Councilors, Senators, Representatives to the General Court, and members of Congress, is holden on the second Tuesday in March, in all the respective towns and voting Senatorial District in the county of Coos, places in the State. STATE OFFICERS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE, 1873—4. Ezekiel A. Straw, Manchester, Governor; Benjamin F. Prescott, Epping, Secretary of State ; Ai B. Thompson, Concord, Dep. Secretary of State; Solon A. Carter, Keene, Treasurer; Edward A. Jenks, Concord, State Printer; John M. Haines, Concord, Adjutant General; John C. Pilesbury, Concord, Warden of State Prison; John W. Symonds, Franklin, Superintendent of Public Instruction; Nathaniel Bouton, Concord, State Historian; William H. Kimball, Concord, State Librarian. COUNCIL, District Number 1, 2, " " " " 3, • 1873—4. Samuel P. Dow, Epping. John J. Morrill, Gilford. William P. Newell. Manchester. Bolivar Lovell, Alstead. Nathan R. Perkins, Jefferson. 4, 5, Janitor of State House, Lewis L. Mower, Concord. MEMBERS OF CONGRESS, IN District Number 2, " 3, Austin F. Pike, Franklin. Hosea Parker, Claremont. W . STATE SENATE FOR President, Clerk, 1873. William B. Small, Newmarket. 1, 1873. David A. Warde, Concord. Luther S. Morrill, Concord. Assistant Clerk, Tyler Westgate, Haverhill. Boor-Keeper, Zelotus Stevens, Concord. District Number 1, 2, 3, Warren Brown, Hampton Falls. Charles Sanborn, Sandown. George Foster, Bedford. �STATISTICAL TABLES. District " Number " 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, " " 9, 10, 11, " " 12, 627 David A. Warde, Concord. Edwin Wallace. Rochester. Otis G. Hatch, Tamworth. Charles H. Burns, Wilton. William H. Gove, Weare. Henry Abbott, Winchester. Henry A. Hitchcock, Walpole. Warren F. Daniell, Franklin. Eleazer B. Parker, Franconia. ORGANIZATION OF HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, 1873. James W. Emery, Portsmouth. Samuel C. Clark, Gilford. Speaker, Clerk, Assistant Clerk, Charles C. Danforth, Concord. Chaplain, Rev. Charles L. Hubbard, Merrimack. Engrossing Clerk, Charles A. Hoitt, Dover. Sergeant at Arms, Charles H. Roberts, Concord. } Charles H. Long, Claremont. Door-Keepers, > Frank G. Moody. Concord. } Augustus B. Farmer, Bow. VOTES FOR GOVERNOR, MARCH, 1873, ROCKINGHAM COUNTY. i AND MARCH, 1872. �628 STATISTICAL TABLES. ROCKINGHAM COUNTY CONTINUED. �STATISTICAL TABLES. 629 CARROLL COUNTY CONTINUED 1873. 18T2. TOWNS. 169 Wolfeborough . Total.. 187 191 130 253 213 1,772 Wakefield 2M 213 193 67 123 266 Sandwich Tain worth Tuftonliorough. 2,098 MO 1 82 14 144 295 233 58 40 238 21 16 143 153 1«6 2T7 1,825 2,043 239 171 140 189 124 14S 3 MERRIMACK COUNTY. Aliens town 42 70 132 42 102 165 95 121 129 84 1,517 Andover Boscawen 1,150 1,652 1,228 119 200 66 99 401 356 342 188 123 15 89 169 Bow Bradford Canterbury 12' Chichester Concord (ag. vote). Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward 67 203 140 119 166 111 1 1 2 1 3 94 346 4 5 6 341 323 170 106 99 344 172 7 Dunbarton Epsom Franklin Henniker.. Hill 9( Hooksett Hopkinton 142 202 116 Loudon Newbury 25 New London 124 86 Northfield 89 236 198 257 123 88 121 304 158 68 112 239 198 100 75 129 167 231 113 131 225 Pembroke 147 Pittsfield 205 107 120 153 99 105 4,6221 4.758 Sutton Warner Webster Wilmot Total. 188 117 113 Amherst Antrim 191 Bedford Bennington Brookline Deering Fraucesto wn Goffstown Greenfield Greenville , , , Hancock Hillsborough Hollis Hudson , Litchfield Lyndeborough Manchester (ag. vote) Ward Ward 1 2 5,132| 5,2701 95 361 179 109 158 241 133 35 147 79 185 204 115 159 57 HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. 13' 92 157 328 169 91 122 243 203 128 83 148 203 249 115 147 249 64 165 121 154 Salisbury 87 255 197 272 2' 126 28 �630 STATISTICAL TABLES. HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY CONTINUED. �STATISTICAL TABLES. SULLIVAN COUNTY CONTINUED. G31 �632 GOVERNORS OF NEW-HAMrSHIRE, SINCE 1680. COOS COUNTY �JUSTICES OF THE HIGHER COURTS, SINCE 1776. 633 chief magistrates, the Governors being residents of the province. Bewhen the Governor was resident in Massachusetts, the Lt. fore that, Governors claimed to be chief magistrates, and often acted as such the Governor was out of the province. when In May, 1775, the Royal Governor withdrew, and the province was governed by a convention, of which Matthew Thornton was President; and in January, 1776, a temporary Constitution was adopted under which Meshech Weare was unanimously elected President of tho Council, and Chairman of the Committee of 2. Safety, till June, 1784. Presidents under the Constitution of 1784. Meshech Weare, Hamp. Falls,. 1784 John Langdon, John Langdon, Portsmouth, ... 1785 John Sullivan, John Sullivan, Durham, 1786 Josiah Bartlett, Kingston, 3. Governors under the Constitution 1788 1789 1790 of 1792. Josiah Bartlett, 1792| John Bell, Chester, John Taylor, Gilman, Exeter, 1794 Benjamin Pierce John Langdon, 1805'Matthew Harvey* Hopkinton, 1809 Samuel Dinsmoor, Keene, Jeremiah Smith, Exeter, 1810 William Badger, Gilmanton, John Langdon, 1812 Isaac Hill, Concord William Plainer, Epping 1813 John Page, Haverhill, John Taylor, Gilman 1816 Henry Hubbard Charlestown, William 'Plumer . 1828 1829 1830 1831 1834 1836 1839 1842 John H. Steele, Peterboro', 1844 Anthony Colby, N. London,. .1346 Jared W. Williams, Lancaster, 1847 Samuel Dinsmoor, Keene, 1849 . . . . Samuel Bell, Chester, 1819 Levi Woodbury, Portsmouth,. .1823 David L. Morril, Goifstown, Benjamin Pierce, Hillsboro',.. . . 4. 1824 .1827 . . . . Governors under Amendment of Constitution of 1852. Noah Martin, Dover, 1852! Frederick Smyth, Manchester, Nathaniel B. Baker, Concord, 1854| Walter Harriman, Warner, 1855,Onslow Stearns, Concord, Ralph Metcalf, Newport, 18571 James A. Weston, Manchester, William Haile, Hinsdale, Ichabod Goodwin, Portsmouth, 1859|Ezekiel A. Straw, Manchester, Nathaniel S. Berry, Hebron,. .1861jEzekiel A. Straw, Manchester, Joseph A. Gilmore, Concord, 1863| . . . . 1865 1867 1869 1871 1872 1873 . JUSTICES OF THE HIGHER COURTS OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE, SINCE 1776. SUPERIOR COURT OF JUDICATURE Meshech Weare, C. J., Hampton — 1776 TO 1813. Falls, Jan. 27, 1776, to June 19, 1782. Leverett Hubbard, Portsmouth, Jan, 27, 1776, to 1785. Matthew Thornton, Londonderry, Jan. 27, 1776, to 1782. John Wentworth, Salmon Falls, Jan. 27, 1776, to May 17, 1781. Samuel Livermore, C. J., Holderness, June 21, 1782, to 1790. Woodbury Langdon, Portsmouth, June 22, 1782, to 1783; Feb., 1786, to Jan. 1791. Josiah Bartlett, Kingston, Nov. 14, 1782, to 1790; C. J., Jan. 15, 1790, to June, 1790. William Whipple, Portsmouth, June 20, 1783, to 1785. John Dudley, Raymond, Dec. 1784, to Feb. 1, 1797. John Pickering, C. J., Portsmouth, July 7, 1790, to Feb. 1795. �JUSTICES OF THE HIGHER COURTS SINCE 1776. 634 Simeon March Olcott, Charlestown, Jan. 25, 1790, to 1795; C. J., 28, 1795, to 1802. Timothy Farrar, New-Ipswich, March 18, 1791, Ebenezer Thompson, Durham, April 3, 1795, to Daniel Newcomb, Keene, April 6, 1796, to 1798. Edward St. Loe Livermore. Portsmouth, Feb 6, Paine Wingate, Stratham, April 4, 1798, to January 1803. 1796. 1797, to 1799. to 1809. Jeremiah Smith, C. J., Exeter, May 17, 1802, to May, 1809. Arthur Livermore, Holderness. Dec. 21, 1799, to Sept. 19, 1809; C. Sept. 19, 1809, J., to June, 1813. William King, Atkinson, Dover, April 26, 1803, to 1805. Richard Evans, Portsmouth. June 5, 1809, to 1813. Jonathan Steele, Durham. Feb. 19, 1810 to 1812. Clifton Claggett. Litchfield, August 10, 1812 to 1813. SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT 1813 TO 1816. Jeremiah Smith. C. J., Exeter, July 12, 1813, to June 1816. Caleb Ellis, Claremont, July 12, 1813, to June, 1816. Arthur Livermore, Holderness, July 12, 1813, to June, 1816. — SUPREME COURT OF JUDICATURE— 1816 TO "William Merchant Richardson, C. J., Chester, July 1855. 5, 1816 to March 23, 1838. Samuel Bell, Chester, July 5, 1816, to June, 1819. Levi Woodbury, Francestown, Dec. 9, 1816, to 1823. Samuel Green, Concord, June 26, 1819, to 1840. John Harris, Hopkinton, Oct. 6. 1823. to Jan. 5, 1833, Joel Parker, Keene, Jan. 8, 1833, to June 25, 1838; C. J., June 24, 1848. Nathaniel Gookin Upham, Concord, Jan. 1, June 25, 1838, to Dec. 8, 1833 to Dec. aged 68. Leonard Wilcox, Orford, June 1842; Died 11, 1869. 25, 1838, to Sept. 29, 1840 June 26, June 18, 1850. John James Gilchrist. Charlestown, March 17, 1840, to June 26, 1848 C. J., June 26, 1848, to March 16, 1855. Andrew Salter Woods, Bath, Oct. 2, 1840, to March 30, 1855; C. J., ; 1848, to March 30, 1855, to August, 17, 1855. Ira Allen Eastman, Gilmanton, Aug. 31. 1849, to Aug. Samuel Dana Bell, Manchester, Aug. 31, 1849, to Aug. Ira Perley, Concord, June 28, 1850, to October 1, 1852. 17, 1855. 17, 1855. — 1855 TO 1870. SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT Ira Perley, Concord, born Nov. 2. 1799; ap. C. J., July 20, 1855, to Oct. 1, 1859; reappointed Aug. 1, 1864, to Oct. 1, 1869. Ira Allen Eastman, Concord, July 20, 1855, to Dec. 1, 1859. Asa Fowler. Concord, July 20, 1855, to February 23, 1861. George Y. Sawyer, Nashua, July 20, 1855. November 1, 1859. Samuel Dana Bell, Manchester, July 20, 1855, to Sept. 23, 1859; C. J., Sept. 23, 1859, to August 1, 1864; died Aug. 1, 1868. J. Everett Sargent, Wentworth, born Oct. 23, 1816; ap. July 5, 1859. �THE WHEELWRIGHT DEED. 635 Henry A. Bellows, Concord, born Oct. 25, 1803; ap. Sept. 23, 1859; appointed C. J., Oct. 1, 1869. Died March 11, 1873. Charles Doe, Dover, born April 11, 1830; appointed Sept. 23, 1859. George W. Nesmith, Franklin, born Oct. 23, 1800; Dec. 31, 1859, to Oct. 31, 1870. William H. Bartlett, Concord, Feb. 23, 1861 died Sept. 24, 1867. Jeremiah Smith, Dover, born July 14, 1837; appointed Oct. 16, 1867. Resigned Jan. 1874. William L. Foster, Concord, born June 1, 1823, ap. Oct. 1, 1869. William S. Ladd, Lancaster, born Sept. 5, 1830; ap. Oct. 31, 1870. Ellery A. Hibbard, Laconia, born July 31, 1826; ap. March 17, 1873. Isaac W. Smith, Manchester; ap. in Feb. 1874. ; SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT, 1874. Jonathan Everett Sargent, Concord. Associate Justices, Charles Doe, Dover William Lawrence Foster, Concord; William Spencer Ladd, Lancaster; Ellery Albee Chief Justice, ; Hibbard, Laconia Isaac ; Attorney General, State Reporter. W. Smith, Manchester. Lewis Whitehouse Clark, Manchester. John Major Shirley, Andover. ATTORNEY GENERALS FROM 1776 1778 1781 1782 1786 1786 1787 1793 1801 1802 1805 Wyseman 1776. 1806 Samuel Bell, Chester. 1807 William K. Atkinson. Samuel Livermore. Wyseman Claggett. 1812 Daniel French, Chester. 1815 George Sullivan. John Sullivan. 1835 Charles F. Gove, Goffstown. John Pickering. 1843 Lyman B. Walker, Gilford. Benjamin West. John Prentice, Londonderry. 1848 John S. Wells, Exeter. 1848 John Sullivan, Exeter. Joshua Atherton. William Gordon. 1863 C. Clark, Manchester. Mason, Portsmouth. 1872 Lewis W. Clark, Manchester. Jeremiah George Sullivan, Exeter. Claggett. Wm. THE WHEELWRIGHT DEED. deed was considered a Hampshire and Massachusetts. This deed pui'ported to have been given to the Rev. John Wheelwright, by four Indian Sagamores in May, 1629, conveying certain territory located in the south-eastern portion of the State, and embracing within its borders the towns of New Market, Exeter, Londonderry, Derry and For over one hundred years, or up valid instrument by people both in to 1800, this New other towns. It is the foundation for the early history of the settlements of more than one third of the State prior to 1750. Since 1800, certain parties in Massachusetts have convinced themselves, that the deed was a forgery, and it is so established by the Massachusetts Historical Society. If their statements are true, that part of the early history of New Hampshire covered by this deed is a blank, �THE WHEELWRIGHT DEED. 636 and Exeter, the third settled town in the State, has never had her true early history written. Our was a limited information does not warrant us to assert that this deed valid document, but it stands recorded in the Rockingham County Records as being a legal instrument. Some persons in this State have embraced the same views advanced by Dr. Savage, former President of the Massachusetts Historical Society. In the following article we have advanced a few reasons may deed why this nof be valid, notwithstanding other statements to the con- trary. Was the deed of four Indian Sagamores to Rev. John Wheelwright, and others, 17th May 1629, a forgery ? Hon. James Savage, former President of the Massachusetts Historical Society says " Before June 13, 1820, I had no more suspicion of the truth of the deed to Wheelwright and four others of 17 May 1629, than ; of the charter of 4th March 1628-29, for the coloney of Massachusetts Bay or any other disputed document." After 1820, it appears that Mr. Savage became fully convinced that was a base forgery, and in the appendix of Winthrop's History of New England, Vol. 1, sets forth his reasons for thus believing. In his first argument he says, " No Indian deed, in my knowledge, the Wheelwright deed of 1629, have examined many, was ever drawn so long, formal and pre" This deed was, it will be said, drawn by one of the grantees. But who could have done it in so clerk-like length and beauty, more than a year before any lawyer, except Thomas Morton of Merry Mount and I cise. " came to this country " ? The Rev. John Wheelwright, was a man of rare talants in any age, had speculative and liberal ideas believing that church and State should have noconnection — which belief cost him his rights as a citizen, within the ju- Gorges and Mason, had then made a purPlymouth council, of certain territory lying between the Kennebeck, and Merrimack rivers, August 22, 1622, and the next year, sent out people to form a colony on the Piscataqua river. Like the risdiction of Massachusetts. chase, of the Plymouth, no doubt but the early settlers in New-Hampwould be more secure to have a permit, in some form, from the original lords of the soil, and there is little doubt but that the agents of Mason at the Dover settlement consented and were willing to have a formal consent from the Indians, of territory already acquired through grants from the Plymouth Council. At the date of Wheelwright's deed, there were three small tribes of Indians living on the banks of the Piscataqua or its branches. Passaconaway was a sagamore of the Pennacook tribe, and lived on the banks of the Merrimack, near where the city of Concord now stands. The valley of the Merrimack, at that time, was under the control of the Penacooks as hunting grounds, &c. As (is termed in these days) a war first settlers at shire thought they measure for their better protection against the incursions of the Mohawks, a powerful tribe of Indians living on the banks of the Hudson �THE WHEELWRIGHT DEED. 637 and Mohawk rivers these tribes, with others, formed themselves into a confederacy under the name of Pawtucket or Pentucket, and Passaconaway was the chief Sagamore. The Weelwright deed contained land belonging to all these tribes. The Pentucket tribe, of which Runnaawit ; was chief at the signing of the deed, resided in the vicinity of Lowell, but was doubtless more under the control of Passaconaway than the other tribes and no doubt it soon, or was at that time, nearly blended with the Pennacook tribe, as they had built a fort at Pawtucket Falls, This clears the objection of Mr. Savage about the Pawtucket never being heard of after his signing the Wheelwright deed, and the reason why Passaconaway consented to the sale of Pautucket in the deed of Haverhill, Mass., in 1642. Nine years after, when Mr. Wheelwright and followers settled at Squamscot Falls agreeably to the provisions of the deed, he skilfully drew up a compact forming the settlers into a body politic and bylaws governing them, and who can doubt his ability to draft that deed, when they see the judgment he exercised in penning the laws governLowell. chief's first settlers of Exeter, In speaking of the provisions of the deed, Mr. Savage asks " Why should the Indians require that their grantees shall, within ten years, begin a plantation at Squamscot Falls, and to avoid contentions amongst them, should be subjected to the colony of Massachusetts!" As has been said, the Indians were jealous that their rights of land might be infringed upon, and probably the grantees were asked why they wanted this large If other tract, and were obliged to tell what they intended to do with it. persons should come and settle within the jurisdiction of this grant, this deed showed they must be amenable to the colony of Massachusetts, and any one can plainly see that it was not the grantors who required these provisions; but the grantees. Again Mr. Savage says " The grantees, five in number, wei'e not heard of for five years." This may be true, but Many men it does not invalidate the deed on that account in the least. in New-Hampshire, to-day, hold deeds of lands in the West who were never there, and probably never will be Mr. Savage places great stress about the witnesses, nine in number, who saw the deed signed, sealed and delivered. Signed, sealed and delivered does not follow that the grantors must deliver the deed to the grantees, but to any one who is considered an agent or attorney for the grantee. Another query is, how could so many be gathered at Squamscot Falls so far from any settlement in those early days ? If there was one sachem, three witnesses, and one man to act for the grantees, the deed would be valid, because there were nine witnesses, and they could have been at Dover, and the other six saw it signed and delivered by the three other chiefs, but thoughtlessly kept the same date, which, as Mr. Savage says, was the Sabbath. This may be true, for in these days we have known men who piously observe the Sabbath day, but forget the day till they are reminded of it by seeing people passing on the way to church. Another reason why the deed was a forgery is, that Wheelwright was not in this country till 1636, or seven years after the date of the deed. He might ing the — — �THE WHEELWRIGHT DEED. 638 have been in Asia through the whole time, but if he had taken possession at the time stated in the deed it would not have been vititated. But " Mrs. Pierson, daughter of here is what he says on that matter. " Wheelwright told Cotton Mather, that her father's coming over with "his family was in the same ship with Mr. Samuel Whiting, the min" ister of Lynn, and others, and he adds of them " who we are all sure 11 This statement may all be true, but it does not necessarily follow that he did not come at another time before his family. Because there is no record of his being here before 1636, (as Mr. Savage says there is none) it does not prove that he did not come, but rather the circumstances in connection with this deed, prove that records in those days were not kept correct which can be substantiated in hundreds of In this connection it is only necessary to say that Mr. other instances. Savage's principal evidence, Cotton Mather, believed the Wheelwright deed to be correct, if he did bring his family in 1636, The next bold statement Mr. Savage makes is this " Of the nine Eng" lish witnesses in whose presence this deed is attested to be signed, seal" ed and delivered the 17th of May, 1629, I believe we may entertain *' very strong doubts whether more than one was then in this country." This is a presumptuous statement, nearly all founded on negative evidence and probabilities, which can always be produced when required, or predicated on neighborhood gossip, and brought in as proof after all the men have been dead more than one hundred years. The only true facts of any reliance are, that they were here in 1639, and the deed makes them here in 1629 Here are a few of the grounds upon which he bases this statement. First, John Oldham came in theAnn, in 1623, to Plymouth. John Oldham and Richard Vines of which livery of seizin was given in 1630, in which grant their undertaking to transport fifty persons thither must imply their presence in England." In those days, as now, firms have their agents and the man may be in China, still his business is transacted through his house as if he was in London and letters may speak as if they had seen the man in London when in fact, he was in this country at the time. The above is the way all the witnesses of this deed are explained away. In 1870, there were living in other States in this Union, 125,000 persons who were natives of NewHampshire, and what reliance can be placed by letters of the date of one hundreth part of these people when they left this State, one hundred and fifty years hence and this is the kind of evidence that Mr. Savage produces to prove that these eight witnesses were in England when it is said they were here to sign this deed. It is a brittle thread of evidence to throw away one third of all the early history of NewHampshire that stood undisputed for nearly one hundred years, and men must have more courage than we allow to ourselves even to attempt it. Another strong evidence why this deed is a forgery is, that the Indian sachem Wehanownowit who signed the deed in 1629, give Wheelwright and Story another deed of part of the same territory, April 3, 1638. Mr. Savage asks "why did he give this new deed of this land previously came in 1636." — �THE WHEELWRIGHT DEED. There 639 nothing strange in this, especially in those early to grow uneasy about white intrusions on their territory and doubtless Wheelwright and his people thought they would be more secure to take a new grant from this Chief, as he pretended to hold control of all that Wild land. These deeds, under the law, were never considered worth the paper they were written on, except as evidences of priority of occupation of territory, which was important in deciding who first occupied certain territory claimed by the Masonian granted? is The Indians had begun days. ; heirs. Gorges and Mason had a grant of this same territory, as can be seen, in they applied for a new grant of the same territory they had purchased in 1622, as they also did of territory now comprising the land from Naumkeag River at Salem, Mass., and the whole of Cape Ann. With much more propriety could the question be asked, Why did Gorges and Mason require new grants of land purchased seven years before? In the first volume of the New-Hampshire Provincial Records, in speaking of these grants, it says, " the inference is that all the other grants had failed through some defect; especially was this the case of the grant of August 10, 1622." Was not the Wheelwright deed, made six months previous, the cause of their investigations as to the validity of their deed of Aug. 10, 1622? The Wheelwright deed first came before the courts and the public in the case of Allen vs. Waldron, in 1707, and 1708. The heirs of John Wheelwright, at that time, were living in York County, Maine, and this deed was doubtless in their possession. How long it was in their hands before it was placed on file in the York County records is not known, but a certified copy of this deed was used as evidence in this case but still it was not recorded till 1713, in this county, and in the Rockingham Records in 1714. Mr. Savage requires to know, why the original deed was not produced instead of a certified copy? In all of our early settlements, legal papers were placed on tile; as no books were provided at that early date to record them in, and copies of these files were suffered to go out of the office, but not the originals. Doubtless this must be the case of this deed, for it was not recorded in the books till five years after the copy was used in the courts. By inquiry any person will find this to bo true of the early provincial records of New-Hampshire. In reference to the signatures of the grantors of this deed, Mr. Savage " But the signing is a remarkable point. All the six marks are says. " different yet not one is an Indian mark. These who are conversant " with the habits of the aboriginees in this particular know their pride " is exhibited by animal or other devices on the same principal of human " nature that led civilized men to the "bost of heraldry" to put family, " or fancy arms and mottoes on their seals." In this respect Mr. Savage again makes a presumptuous statement, not warranted by the true facts in the case. The original deed and the legal copies did or do have the animal or other devices affixed to the respective signatures of the grantors, notwithstanding other statements to 1622, but November 17, 1629, ; the contrary. �THE WHEELWRIGHT DEED. 640 But the most important evidence introduced by Mr. Savage and other opponents of the Wheelwright deed, is a letter purporting to have been written by Walter Neal and Thomas Wiggin to John Mason. This letter is dated at Northam, August 13, 1633, and is relative to surveying lands in Exeter, Hampton and Portsmouth. There is another letter speaking of the same land, nearly word for word, but dated August 13, 1632. The letter in 1633. is put on file first, but for what reason no one knows or why two letters are written alike, or why the date should be one year different. It appears that these letters may be forged, but no reason can be assigned why such letters were written or what ends can be answered by them. The dates of these letters indicate that they were written seven known as Northam six years before Winnecuniwas known as Hampton, and twenty years before Strawberry Bank was known as Portsmouth, yet these letters speak about the towns of Hampton, Northam and Portsmouth. It also speaks about Wheelwright and Exeter. There is evidently something wrong about these letters, but we are unable to see what connection they have with the validity of the Wheelwright deed any more than with Dover or Portsmouth. Mr. Savyears before Dover was ; et age and other parties aver that if these letters are forgeries, the deed They carry the idea that they were written for the purpose of sustaining the Wheelwright deed. If these letters had must also be a forgery. ever been introduced in any legal form to prove the authenticity of this deed by parties in its interest, there would be some grounds for these statements. But who can honestly believe that persons wishing to sustain the validity of this deed would concoct such blundering letters as these, for the principal evidence to prove it to be a genuine instrument. The parties who wrote those letters doubtless knew the history of those towns quite as well as Mr. Savage, and purposely placed Portsmouth twenty, Northam seven, and Hampton six years before they were ever thought of, to make it appear ridiculous in the eyes of the public. Now we ask in all candor in view of the foregoing facts on this point, if it does not look more rational that the enemies of the Wheelwright claims drafted these letters? If there was a purpose in writing these letters to connect them with the deed, there is no doubt but they were written for the purpose of defeating, rather than sustaining it. The other arguments advanced by Mr. Savage to destroy the authenticity of the deed are in form atheistical and deistical, viz. reasoning and interrogatories, and are put on the same grounds that Infidels use to discredit the authenticity of the Bible such as did Cain marry his sister or how could he build the city of Enoch in the land of Nod, with no one but himself, wife and son to inhabit it. Such questions and reasoning without any common Bense, consideration would entirely destroy, in the minds — of the people, the truth of the Bible. ; They are questions that cannot be because they are not given. So with any ancient history, it is condensed at every new edition to make room for some of more modern date. So with the Wheelwright deed. When the question is asked " how could so many witnesses, grantors and grantees be answered in detail �TIIE WHEELWRIGHT DEED. 641 gathered at Squamscot Falls, so for in the wilderness without roads, &c, it is better fitting to come from a child or a Bible infidel then from an acknowledged intelligent man. All we have is this which has been on record for nearly one hundred and ; there fifty is years, a deed show- ing that certain grantors give to certain grantees a large tract of land in Buckingham County.* History has handed down in brief that nearly mentioned deed lived at its date, but the full dedays of earthly enjoyment, and their many hours of deep affliction, no biographer has ever penned. In summing up all the reasons and arguments of Mr. Savage and others why the deed is a forgery, in connection with other facts which are sugall the parties tails of in that all their social relations, their gested as to its validity, we are led to the following reasoning. Mr. Savage carries the idea, in the commencement, that the parties who drafted that deed were men of more than ordinary ability, owing to its beauty, clerklike length, and its provisional details. But after this, his whole arguments go to prove, that the parties connected with this forged deed (as he calls it) are the most imbecile set of men who ever made any pretensions to transact business, or to common intelligence. This deed (as he proves it) was a continuous set of blunders from its beginning to the end, as to dates and historical facts. He proves satisfactorily to himself that at the purported date of the deed, there was no man in the country with the talent to draft it, no grantors that could be present, and that the other twelve persons were not in this country at the date of The its execution. time this deed was ever brought into court was in the case of Allen vs. Waldron, in 1707, and over one hundred years before any attempt was made to prove that it was a forgery. Now if it was a forged deed it was executed near that date, and for that trial, for at prior trials relative to similar claims it was not produced. If it was a forgery who were the parties to this rascality? John Pickering and Charles Story were the Counsel. Allow that both were base enough to lend their hands to such iniquity, would they show such ignorance at that date as to the history of the parties connected with this deed? Would they naturally have had nothing right and everything wrong? The true facts are, that Mr. Pickering and Mr. Story were well versed in the history of the early settlers in that section at the date of this trial, and they both had seen many per»sons who lived in the days of Wheelwright and other parties mentioned in the deed. We ask in all candor and reason, if any unprejudiced person cun fully believe, that these men, knowing the wary counsel they had first In 1737-38 when the boundary line was pending between Massachusetts and New-Hainp(which was finally established in 1741,) the authorities of Massachusetts introduced the Wheelwright deed as evidence to prove that the division line between the two States should be so established as to include all the territory embraced in this deed, as it mentioned in its provisions that persons living within the limits stated, should be under the jurisdiction of Massa* Bhire, chuestts. These papers are now preserved in the Capitol at Concord, and are pronounced as forgeries by who once produced them to secure nearly one half million acres of land now owned by the State, the State of New-Hampshire. �THE WHEELWRIGHT DEED. 642 who watched every movement would have shown such imbecility as to have draft- to contend with, also the learned court as the cause progressed ed a deed and to have all the parties connected with it to be in such a position as to be impossible to be present when it was executed. They showed they had some faint history about some of the persons connected with this deed, for there is no doubt but all of them were once alive, and lived in New-Hampshire at some date. They must also have known about Wheelwright at the time of this court, for he was not an obscure the early history of New-Hampshire or New-England— the oppocounsel knew him well for his name figured in this case. Under these circumstances does it look reasonable, that Mr. Pickering would write it himself or allow such a deed to be brought into court as evidence, when the opposite counsel were liable to know it was a forgery? Men who concoct forgery or counterfeit weigh the matter in all its bearings, before they commence, and intend it will imitate and appear genuine. It is seldom they ever make more than one mistake, and that Mr. Savage attempts to prove that is generally in the mechanical part. man in site is a total mistake in every respect, and not right appears like some trials in court where all the evidence on one side, is so positive on every point that their case becomes weak. If he had brought sufficient evidence to prove one or two important points relative to the authenticity of the deed, it might have looked rational, but instead, he proves that there were no grantors, no grantees, and but one witness out of the nine in this country and that one would not have signed it that no person had the talent to have written such a deed, and to cap the climax the 17th day of May was the Sabbath day. There never was on record, or ever heard of, such a total mistake, and not one thing right, where deception was intended to be used, as the forgery of the Wheelwright deed—and the great mystery is that people living over one hundred years after the transaction, can find out the true dates better than those living at or near the time it is said the forgery was com- this Wheelwright deed in any. To us it ; mitted. This deed has been sustained by the cohrts of the State, by Dr. Belknap, by Governor William Plumer, first President of the New-Hampshire Historical Society, Nathaniel Adams, and many others who could In 1720, the people who settled in Londonderry purbe mentioned. chased their right of Colonel John Wheelwright who had claim to thi3, land through this Wheelwright deed, and it now stands recorded as a legal document. We candidly ask are a majority of the people of Newto lend their hands to have this deed expunged from the legal records of Rockingham County as a forgery? For over one hundred years this deed has been considered a genuine document, and has been an important connecting link in the early history of southern New-Hampshire. From this deed starts the first history of Exeter, Lon- Hampshire prepared donderry, Chester Epping and many other towns in that section of the State, and it has been sustained by our courts and all our historians up to 1800. �THE WHEELWRIGHT DEED. 643 — It may be a forgery as stated by Mr. Savage but before it is fully dropped from New-Hampshire's early history, there should be stronger evidence and more conclusive arguments adduced than have yet appeared, in our opinion, for any son of New Hampshire to lend his aid to its obliteration.* Since writing the foregoing, relative to the Wheelwright Deed, the Rev. Dr. Bouton, State Historian, has carefully prepared a paper on this important subject, and after weighing all the points touching this deed, he has become fully convinced that it must be a forgery. We make no issue with Dr. Bouton, for his historical research is far beyond what we can ever hope to attain. But our only regret is, that this conclusion has been deferred to so late a period, and that it has not been placed in the Provincial Records where it rightfully belongs. * It is to be hoped that before another history of New-Hampshire is written, prominent men connected with the New-Hampshire Historical Society will fully investigate this question and decide whether the people of this State can live under this deed, or to have it expunged from the early records of New-Hampshire. �644 STATISTICAL TABLES. TABULAR STATEMENT Showing the population of all the towns and cities 6,000 and upwards. ALABAMA. in the United States, of �STATISTICAL TABLES. MASSACHUSETTS CONTINUED. POP. Gloucester Haverhill Essex Essex Essex Essex Essex Essex Essex Essex Lawrence Lynn Marblehead Newbury port Pea body Salem Chicopee Holyoke , 12,595 7.343 24.11' Hampden .. Hampden. .. Springfield Hampden... Westfield Hampden Northampton Cambridge Charlestuwn Lowell Natick Newton Somerville Waltham Woburn BroQkliue Dedham Quincy "West .. Hampshire. Middlesex .. Middlesex .. Middlesex .. Middlesex .. Middlesex .. Middlesex .. Middlesex .. Middlesex .. Middlesex .. Middlesex .. Norfolk Norfolk Norfolk Norfolk Norfolk Maiden Marlborough Roxbury Weymouth Plymouth No. Bridgewater... Plymouth Plymouth Plymouth Abiugton .. .. .. Boston. Suffolk Fiteubiirg Milford Worcester.. Worcester.. Worcester.. Worcester 15,389 13,092 28,921 28.233 7,7d3 9,60 10,733 26,703 6.519 10,160 39,634 28,323 40,928 7,367 8,474 6.404 12,825 14,68, 9,065 8,560 6,650 7,34: 7,44: 8,683 9,010 9,308 8,007 6,238 250,526 11,200 9,890 41,105 MICHIGAN. Branch Calhoun Calhoun Genesee Coidwater Battle Creek... Marshall Flint Lansing Jackson Ingham , Kalamazoo .... Grand Rapids. Adrian Ishptmiug Jackson Kalamazoo.. Kent Lenawee Marquette... Monroe Muskegon Monroe Muskegon Pontiac East Saginaw.. Oakland Saginaw Saginaw Saginaw Port Huron Ann Arbor Tpsilanti Detroit ... St. Clair Washtenaw. Washtenaw Wayne M 1 N N ESOTA. St. Joseph. Buchanan Jefferson City Cole Kansas City.... Lexington Hannibal Jackson .... Lafayette.. Marion 5,906 7,026 5,909 7,528 6,064 11,447 10,44 18,15 8,438 6,103 6,089 6,403 5.942 11 350 8,464 6,805 8,746 7,032 79,57 645 �646 STATISTICAL TABLES. NEW-YORK CONTINUED. COO.NTIES. Warwick Orange, Barre i Oswego Tolney h leans Flashing Hampstead Newton North Hampstead Oyster Bay Queens Queens Queens Queens Greenbush Lansingburgb Trov Renssalaer Renssalaer Renssalaer New-Brighton Middletown . ... 20.91(1 6J665 Ross Scioto Stark Chiilicothe... Portsmouth Canton , OREGON. Richmond Richmond . .. 6,804 . . — .. Riciimond ... . 6,2 <- .. Allegheny 46,4415 9,504 7,495 7,589 5,949 6,412 6,810 8,537 7,516 .. Pittsburgh Beks Cambria Carbon ... Loi khaven Meailvil'e Citnaville Carlisle Clinton Crawford. ... Crawford.. .. Cumberland. Dauphin Harrisburgh Chester 7.771 Delaware.... Eric Erie luffolk 6,13. Lancaster South Suffolk 6,71. New Castle. Owego Tioga 9,442 Lebanon Ithaca Ithaca Kingston Tompkins Tompkins 10.159 10,704 ... ... Wawarsing Ulster Ulster Ulster Clster Qneensl ury Warren Cortlan.lt Westchester. Westchester. Westchester. Westchester Westchester Westchester. Westchester. Westchester Westchester. Westchester East Chester Greenburgb Peekskill Morrisania 0s6iuing West) bester West Farms Yonkers . .. Berne Raleigh ., New Hanover. Craven Wake Williamsp.il , 7 41)1 .. . 6,561 Philadelphia. Butler Mahanoy Springfield Cleveland. .. Newburgh. .. . . | aign... Clark tayahoga... i Cuyahoga.. Delaware . Delaware Sandusky ... Erie Columbus ... Franklin .... 2 'iiia Cincinnati... Bpringneld .. Bteubenville. Newark Toledo Greene Hamilton Hamilton Pottsville .... Cornplanter 13,440 5,840 10,149 . York Warwick Newport North Piqua Dayton . -Miami Zanesville. .. Circleville... Mansfield.... Pr..\ i.l.n. iYo\ idence .•. Providence Providence Providence 11,081 6,103 6.227 6,861 St. Helena. Charleston St. .billies ... ry Hontgo Mnskingnm.. Pickaway.... Richland .... Beaufort < . . . lha rleston , Colombia. Fourth .... TENNESSEE. Nashville li.it tanooga. Knoxville ... i Memphis ... .[Davidson Hamilton . Knox . | .... Shelby... TEXAS. San Antonio. Galveston ... 'Galveston Sherman 10 ray son. Houston .... .... . , 6,96' 80,478 10,011 6,922 8,029 , Charleston Charleston Richland .. Richland ... . Johns 81,274 8,631 216,23 6,548 8,107 6,698 81,684 10,837 . SOUTH CAROLINA. 15 632 92,-829 I . Licking Lucas Mahoning Venango fork RHODE ISLAND. Kent New port .. Pawtucket Woonsocket 13.011 Jeffei son Youngstuwn Philadelphia.. Schuylkill Schuylkill Schuylkill Schuylkill.... , .... Tamaqua 18.83! . Northampton. , Providence Butler Cham Montgomery Monioiir Easton 19,609 7,798 7,150 6,015 9,372 .... Mercer Danville 10,79i .. .... Lycoming t Hickory Nor ris town.. 11,694 OHIO. Hamilton Urhana Luzerne Luzerne Luzerne Luzerne . Scranton Wilkesbarre ... . Lawrence Lebanon Lehigh Pitts ton NORTH CAROLINA. Wilmington New Franklin Lancaster Lancaster ... ..... Allentown.. Carbondale 8,464 21,943 10,114 10,455 8,151 8,387 . Rye Chambersburg. Columbia 10,10; ...'.... Blair Mauch Chunk 6,502 . Allegheny... Allegheny... Allegheny... Reading Altoona Johnstown 11,020 6,236 6 014 10,076 \]le;Jieny Biniingham E. Birmingham. Suffolk Suffolk Sau^erties 7,965 6,654 10,59.") Brookhaven Huntington Southampton Komiout loom; Washington. Wayne Wooster. 20,274 6,540 Rockland.... Orangetown Rockland. ... Baratoga Springs.. Saratoga ..... Saratoga Springs.. Saratoga .... Schenectady Schenectady. Bath Steuben Corning Steuben Canton St. Lawrence. Ogdensburg St. Lawrence. Potsdam St. Lawrence. lid 8,920 10,592 8,060 , , Summit Akron 14,060 Marietta , Richmond Nqrthfield Havei -tiaw COUNTIES. TOWN'S. 5,736 6.756 Oswego Oswego Queens Castletoii OHIO CONTINUED. POP. I Bexar Harris .... , .... �STATISTICAL TABLES. VERMONT. TOWNS. G47 ��NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. 649 NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. The following a list of persons from fifty-eight cities and towns in subscribed for the Gazetteer prior to its publication. Many of these towns have been only partially canvassed, but the sale has been far beyond our most sanguine expectation. Other names will follow as soon as received. the State, is who have ALSTEAD. Barns, L. A. Chapin, Rev. Geo. F. Huntley, E. A. Kidder, E. P. Mayo, Geo. A. Prouty, S. W. Scott, S. BATH. Bedel, Gen. John Child, Dr. Wni. Hutchinson, C. C. Leonard, Geo. C. Noyes, J. C. Prescott, A. P. , Physician. Tin & Stove Dealer. Hadley, E. H. Bean, Edwin 0. Blaisdell, Rev. Geo. B. Clark, Chas. C. Folsom, Joseph Gale, N. B. Hall, Joseph A. Hall, Josiah Hill, Solon F. Kilborn, Fred S. • Knowles, Joseph M. Lamprey, Samuel Moody, Chas. E. Morrill, Josiah B. Morrill, Levi W. Norris, Chas. H. Philbrick, Monroe Ranlet, James E. p. Sanborn, Frank W. Sanborn, Geo. H. Sanborn, Lowell Young, Herbert T. Young, Ira BRADFORD. Abbott, Mrs. Sarah M. Bailey, J. C. Undertaker. Farmer. Baldwin, Geo. E. R. R. Contractor. Bates, Samuel Manufacturer. Bates, R. Horse Dealer. Blood, H. L. Mechanic. Buswell, J. F. Merchant Tailor. Butman, D. D. Farmer. Brown, C. W. Carpenter. Carr, Daniel Merchant. Cheney, Fred Farmer. Cheney, Chas. M. Farmer. Clark, N. if. Physician. Colby, Silas Merchant. Colby, Harvey Cressey, Geo. W. John M. French, J. E. BELMONT. Eugene Eaton, John H. Farmer. Eaton, Geo. W. Farmer. Eaton Joshua Farmer. Farmer. Fifield, Wm. B. Fitts, Whitcomb, Horace Bailey, Cressey, Addison S. Farmer. Cressy, Charles Farmer. Durell, Mrs. David Davis, Chas. F. Farmer. Dunfield, Geo. T. Farmer. Eaton, Ira K. Farmer. Eaton, Marshall Painter. Eaton, E. H. Farmer. Farmer. Blacksmith. Hall, Isaac E. Farmer. Hall, Mary Produce Dealer. Hall, Oi. Hartshorn, David H. Farmer. Hastings, A. J. Book Agent. Holmes, Susanna Hurd J. Carl Medicine Manufacturer. Jameson, Leonard Farmer. Jameson, Ozias Butcher. Jones, J. C. Overseer. Jones, Timothy P. Lumber Dealer. Jones. T. A. J. Manufacturer. Marshall, Geo. H. Painter. Marshall, J. P. Manufng Agent, and Glass Ware Dealer. Morgan, Geo. S. Produce. Morse, Jobn W. Merchant. Muzzey, Daniel F. Mechanic. Newton, Sereno Nichols, George Shoemaker. Farmer. Carpenter. Peaslee, D. G. Lumber Dealer. Pierce, Caroline Russell, John E. Jeweler. Sawyer, Geo. M. Farmer. Sawyer, Geo. 0. Merchant. Smith, J. A. Carriage Mancfacturer. Osborn, A. J. Steele, G. H. Farmer. Tappan, Mason W. Attorney at Law. Whitcomb, Parker S. Mechanic. Woods, John A. Mechanic. CANAAN. Barney, A. 0. Merchant. Carter, Barron Farmer. Clement, 0. F. Carpenter. Day, Charles Lumber Dealer. Fogg, Harrison Farmer. Fogg, Wallace G. Farmer. George, A. H. Paper Manufacturer. Hoit, W. E. Merchant. Nichols, B. P. Merchant. Plummer, E. W. Railroad Laborer. �NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. 650 Smith, Elijah Lumber Dealer. Smith, L. W. Lively and Boarding Stable. Stocker, P. H. Carriage Maker. Lumber Story, Otis J. Dealer. Physician. Tucker. E. M. Weeks, J. Lawyer D. ' \\ illia, Nathan Caipenter. Woodbury, E. J. Merchant. Worcester, Hazen F. r CANTERBURY. Ames, L. Ayers, B. F. Battes, A. A. Battes, L. F. Battes, Orrin Boyuton, Rufus Chandler, J. K. Cogswell, W. M. Colby, James Colby, Lewis Colby, Leonard James Oilman, Mary H. Glines, Charles John Hanaford, A. L. Heath, Joseph Higgins, Rev. J. B. M. J. 0. Board of Agriculture. City Collector. Sec. of Wm. H. W. E. Clerk. Clough, George Cogswell, P. B. Editor. Colby, James B. Conductor C. R. R. Coming, Charles H. Law Student. Conger, Everett Clergyman. Cook, C. L. Insurance Agent. Cooper, J. A. Crosby, A. H. Physician. Curley, Timothy Butcher. . Ludlow, Wbitten Daniel, T. D. Monmouth, Mrs. Lizzie Moore, Mathias Moody, Delbert Morrill, J. 6. Osgood, Edward Parker. J. G. Pickard, S. C. Smith. B. II. Taylor, J. K. Tilt. .11, Mrs. Ellen E. Webster, Lucy M. L. CHARLESTOWN. Albee, L. W. Dentist, South Charlestown. Bai .1. Geo. S. ]i..wker, Geo. H. Brigge & Co. Chase Francis Hubbard, Geo. Olcott, Geo. Banderson, S. H. Wood, Editor. Henry A. Closson, Kaine, J. S. Kimball, J. E. Lougee, Edmund Wnidden, Thomas York, 0. W. Editor. Ayer, A. R. Dealer in Carpets and Crockery. Bartley, Joseph D. Prin. of High School. Batchelder, N. S. Bean, P. C. Clerk. Beede, Daniel G. Supt. Public Instruction. Bixby, P. P. Clerk to State Treasurer. Blake, S. L. Clergyman. Booth, W. D. Telegraph. Brown, John F. Dealer in Books & Stationery Campbell, H. Register of Deeds. Carr, N. G. Statesman Block. Jeweller. Chase, Wm. M. Attorney at Law. Chesly, James Mason. Clark, Warren Attorney at Law. Cleeves, George P. Manufacturer. Foster, Moody Foster, N. K. Mc J. CONCORD. Adams, Allison, Dyball, Doc E. P. Elkius, James S. Foster, Lyman B. Hill, Samuel Ingalls, Daniel Thomas Weber, Joseph Daw, Glines Lasier, Nevers. Henry A. Parker, H. W. Attorney and M. C. Robinson, J. W. Insurance Agent. Rowell, Granville Roys, Henry Smith, S. P. Smith, Wm. M. Dentist. Physician. Tolles, N. Tutherly, W. E. Wait, G. W. Jeweller. Waite, Otis F. R. Author. Way, 0. B. Physician. Willard, Currier, \V. M. H. Davis, S. S. Daw, Levi P. W. Doldt, Rev. Dutton, N. T. Graves, L. G. Physician. Hapgood, E. L. Postmaster. Jarvis, Samuel G. Physician. Kempton, L. M. Manufacturer. Ladd, William C. CLAREMONT. W. H. II. Judge of Probate. Back. J Dentist. Baiby, Win. Grocer. Baker, Edward D. Attorney at Law. Allen, Blgley, W. Henry Briggs, F. A. Manuf r. Colby, Ira Jr. Attorney at Law. Dart. Thomas Cm rier, D. Clerk. Curtis, Silas Clergyman. Danforth, C. C. Insurance Agent. Merchant. Dodge, Frank L. Sheriff. Davis, C. C. Dow, Edward Drake, Alfred Architect. Engineer. Drew, George W. Sewing Machine Agent. Farnliam, C. E. Farrington, Hiram Farmer. Faunce, D. W. Clergyman. Foster, William L. Justice of S. J. C. Fowler, A^a Attorney at Law, 2 copies. Gale, A. J. Dealer in Boots and Shoes. Gallanger, J. H. Physician. Oilman, Wm. Dealer in Boots and Shoes. Gilmore, Win. H. Editor. Haines, Geo. P. Book-keeper. Haines, J. M. Adj. General. Hall, R. Proprietor Birch Dale House. Hall, Samuel B. Farmer. Harriman, Walter Navy Agent. Harris, A. G. Merchant. Haseltlne, Fred R. R. Thomas P. Leather Dealer. 4 P. 0. Clerk. S. W. Humphrey, Stillman Hardware Dealer. Jenks, E. A. Mannger N. II. Statesman. Hill, Book, Johnson, G. B. Wholesale Shoe Dealer. �NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. Mechanic. Dry Goods Dealer. Butcher. Dry Goods Dealer. Kelley, Geo. F. Kilburn, G. T. Kilburn, J. C. Kilburu, J. C. Kimball, Wm. Kimball, Wm. Chase, Chase, Chase, Colby, State Librarian. II. For State Library. Merchant. Lancaster, A. C. Clerk in Bank. Lane, S. G. Attorney at Law. Lang, J. E. Insurance Agent. Lawrence, G. E. Manufacturer. Lovering, J. F. Clergyman. Mace, F. P. Clerk. Marshall, Auson S. Attorney at Law. McFarland, Asa Former Editor N. H. States- Knowlton, II. E. L. man. Moore, C. W. Insurance Agent. Moore, J. C. Editor. Mower, Odlin, State L. L. Nutter, E. House Jaintor. S. W. Page, Samuel B. Attorney at Law. 2 Cop. Parkhurst, Pbin Musician. Pearson, C. C. Editor. Pearson, J. II. Perkins, H. E. Attorney at Law. Pettengill, C. B. jr. Mechanic. Pierce, A. C. Bank. Mudgett, F. J. Blacksmith. Osgood, J. C. Clergyman. Putnam, Rufus Pillsbury, Oliver Pillsbury, T. A. Pond, John Insurance Commissioner. Deputy Warden State Prison. 'Mechanic. Secretary of State. S. Prescott. B. F. Band, H. B. Mason. Band, H. J. Mechanic. Rand, J. B. Real Estate Agent. Richardson, K. II. Webber, Granite, 4 copies. Rolle, II. P. Attorney at Law. Sanborn, Peter Sanders, F. L Mechanic. Sargent, C. W. Treasurer. Sargent, Everett J. C. J. S. J. Court, 2 copies. Scribner, F. B. Cleric. Seconib, D. F. Melodeon Manufacturer. Shaw, N. G. Mechanic. Stevens, James Real Estate Agent. Stevens, W. E. Editor. Stevens, Zelotes Marble Worker. Storrs, Wm. W. Wm. Cashier First National Bank. Thompson, A. B. Deputy Secretary State. Wales, Geo. W. Horse man. Walker, J. B. Farmer. F*. Warde, D. A. Hardware Dealer. Webber, B. G. CI rk First National Bank. Webster, I). S. Job teamster and dealer wood and lumber. Tailor. Woodbury, F. D. Printer. Wright, W. H. Dealer in Gloves. CONTOOCOOK. Bacon, John H. Mason. Barnes, Geo. A. Farmer. Barnard, Joseph Lumber Dealer and Farmer. Batchelder, Sarah Blaisdell, G. C. Blake, Charles Farmer. J. L. Physician. Farmer. Farmer. II. CROYDON. Austin, Hiram Barton, Fred Bartou, W. N. Physician. Cooper, Lemuel P. Farmer. Cutting. Alford Farmer. Davis, James W. Dodge, Frank Durkee, Ruel Farmer. Fletcher, Geo. K. Hall, Daniel R. Hall, Worthen Hurd, John Reed, Alonzo Farmer. Rowell, Emily F. Rowell, Eugene A. Ryder, Daniel Farmer. Warren, Mary E. DOVER. in Wheeler, Giles Architect. Wiggin, A. H. Periodical Dealer. Alfred Farmer. Richardson, Thomas B. School Teacher. Sleeper, N. D. Clergyman. Straw, G.J. R. R. Man. Taggart, J. L. Farmer. Tuttle, Jacob S. Farmer. Upton, Edson Wheelwright. Mechanic. Roby, Luther Woodman, H. D. Farmer. Nathaniel C. R. R. Shop. Orrin Railroad Man. Geo. W. J. Sash and blinds. Corliss, Elbridge. Carpenter. Currier, Amos II. Farmer. Curtice, G. A. Merchant. Cutler, Hiram. Farmer. Danforth, Chas. H. Farmer. Downs, John H. Carpenter. Dwinuells, Mrs. Carrie M Dwinnells, Warren P. Farmer. Fellows, H. A. Merchant. Flanders, R. P Merchant. Heath, J. A. Jeweler. Howard, Lewis Clergyman. Jackman, G. W. Farmer. Jones, Thomas B. Farmer. Kelley, Fred'k H. Merchant. Kempton, Warren Kit Manufacturer. Kimball, Hannah Libby Geo. A. Carpenter. McAlpine, Mrs. Hannah Farmer. Montgomery, Charles Carpenter. Montgomery, George Farmer. Morrill, Ebenezer F'armer. Morrill, Jacob M. Carpenter. Morrill, Jonathan M. Dyer. Pierce, Frank H. Attorney at Law. Pillsburv, Geo. A. Piesident First National Thayer, 651 Bedell, Joseph House painter, paints, oils, &c. Brigham, E. T. Photographer. and dealer in Brown, Thomas. Clergymau. Burrough, C. L. Book Binder. Canney, Enoch Blacksmith. Caswell, G. W. Job Team Chamberlain, Edw. B. Pressman at Star Office. Chamberlain, G. W. Attorney at Law. Cnapin, D. W. Dining Rooms, fruits and confectionery. Clarke, G. W. Star Office. Dame, Samuel II. Clerk. Durkan, John D. Wine Dealer. Brown, Rodney Burnham, E. T. Lumber Dealer. Burnham, J. F. Lumber Dealer. Burnham, J. M. Lumber Dealer. Davis D. W. Shoe Finisher. Drew, Isaac M. Grocer. Eglin, Adam Carriage Trimmer. Station Agent. Emmer.-on, Smith Burt, Hermon Chase, Cyrus F. F'arrar, 0. R. R. Man. W. Hoop Farron, Joseph Skirts, Laborer. Fancy Goods. Ac. �NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. 652 Folsum, G. L. Paints, Oil, Glass. Foote & Snell, Hardware Dealers. Ford, Daniel Georgia Ale and BeerManuf r. Foss, Everett 0. Insurance Agent. Foster George J. Democrat Office. Gray, H. Jeweler. Green Thomas I. Upholsterer and Furniture J. Dealer. G rover, F W. Fancy Goods. Guppy. Geo. Fox Dry Goods. Guppy. .James Blacksmith. Haley, Harrison Cash. Cocheco National Bank. Horse Shoers. Hall, W. T. & Son Ham, John R Physician. Hauscom, S. 0. Hayes. Samuel C. Shoe Mauuf'r. Physician. Hill, Levi G. Ilobbs, F. Attorney at Law. Hodgdon, Lyman Market. Home, Jas. A. Jeweler. Horsch, Carl, F. C. Physician. Horton, Chas. Book Binder. Jackson, .James II. Clerk. Libby,J. T. S. Publisher. Malvern, Lewis Clergyman. Mayor. McDonald, James Grocer. Mclsaac, John Carriage Manufacturer. Moulton ACate Stoves, Tin Ware, and Plumbing, Franklin Square. Murphy, Charles W. Dentist. Murray, Frank Saloon. Nealey, B. Frank Dry Goods, Page, Jerome B. Book and Job Printer. Pray, T. J. Quimby, W. Physician. Cigar Manufacturer. E. H. George R. Foster's Dem. Office. Rndlette, J. H. Carriage and Sleigh ManTr. Sanders, Arthur K. Clerk. Sawyer, F. A. & J. M'l'rs of Fancy Woolens. Sawyer. Thos. B. Attorney at Law. Smith. C. E. Kimball House. Smith, John A. New Eng and House. Spaulding, George B. Clergyman. Radcliff, Stackpole, P. A. Physician. Stewart, I. D. Agent F. Bap. Printing Estab. Tarr, W. H. Blacksmith. IV h, George W. Trader. Tasker, Charles W. Dentist. Thurston, James Clergyman. Webster, H. F. Clerk at C. H. Ricker's. Wendell, Daniel II. Gen'l Insurance Agent., corner Main and School streets. Wendell, G. W. Auctioneer and Commission Merchant, Wiggin, IJ. C. American House. Wyatt, Oliver Merchant. ENFIELD. Bradford, John Elder Church Family. Bryant, J. F. Merchant. Burnhani, Silas Farmer. Clark, D. W. Hotel Keeper. Colby, Thomas J. Farmer. Cox, A. A. Lumber Dealer. Cummings, D. M. Machinist Commings, Henry Elder North Family. Davis. D. L. Hosiery, etc. Manufacturer. Day. Ezra Farmer. Dodge, J. W. Hosiery, etc. Manufacturer. Emerson, A. S. Farmer. Foster, B. F. Farmer. Gates, Esther Guild, J. E Parmer. Huntley, W. G. Blacksmith. Huse, E. B. Hue, BE. Johnson, Johnson, M hi. ili E. II. Merchant. Wood Turner. H. J. W. Wool Broker. a i,, V. A. L. Physician. Nelson, J. M. Butcher. Farmer. Carpenter. Pillsbury, T. E. Plummer, A. P. Purmort, C. W. Job Printer. Seabriug, Mary Ann Shattuce, 0. V. Wheelwright. Smith. W. F. Farmer. Stanley, H. B. Jeweler. Stevens, Ann E. Stevens, John II. Farmer. Stevens, J. N. Butcher. Talbot, Leander U. S. Mail Carrier. Wells, E. Stone Cutter. White, Henry Farmer. Williams. S. Laborer. Wilson, Wm. Elder 2d Family. Worthen, C. S. Yeaton, Geo. H. Farmer. Optician. EPSOM. Ayer, D. C. Butcher. Baker, Rev. J. Clergyman. Bickford, A. P. Farmer. Bickloid, M. D. Lumber. Brown, Oliver Farmer. Brown, Samuel Farmer. Brown, Samuel, 2d Farmer. i, Geo. H. Shoemaker. Eastman, Lowell Carpenter. Evans, Andrew J. Farmer. Fowler, William Farmer. Knowles, D. M. Farmer. Knox, Henry Station Agent, S. V. R. R. Leigh ton, Z. Farmer. Martin, Samuel Farmer. Norris, Mrs. M. J. Page, S. T. Farmer. Robinson, J. F. Merchant. Silver, A. J. Merchant. Cnapma Stewart, Mrs. Mary A. Taylor, S. A. Physician. Tenuant. J. B. Trippe, Warren Farmer. Wells. H. 0. Farmer. Worth, G. R. Shoemaker. EXETER. Bachelder, N. T. Mason. Bar tie tt, Ezra Physician. Blake, A. P. Landlord. Brown, John B. Jr. Carpenter. Burleigh, Charles Florist. Caswell, John K. Chadwick, John Teacher. Conner, Alfred Iron Founder. Conner, C. G. Clerk of Court. Conner, William Farmer. Crockett. F. S. Trader. Crummett, S. K. Laborer. Cilley, B. L. Cutts, George S. Trailer. Dow, B. Boot and Shoe Dealer. Dow, George Farmer. Earl, George B. Trader. Elkins, J. P. Trader. Finn, John Laborer. Flood, John Laborer. Fogg, F. M. French, Sperry Teacher. Joshua Hardware. Oilman, John Farmer. Oilman, N. O. Farmer. Hayes, D. Frank Florist and Farmer. Hayes, John F. Carpenter. Hooper, N. Clergyman. James, Elisha Jr. Millwright. Keat, Henry Manufacturer. Kennard, T. L. Inventor and Pattern maker. Getcholl, Lamson, Asa B. Potter. �NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. Lane, Charles A. Mill Furnishing. Ward Carriage Trimmer. Lord, C. II. Paiuter. Lovering, J. M. Custom House, Boston. Mace, Daniel S. Farmer. Mallon, .1. M. Paiuter. Marseilles, Charles Pub. of News Letter. Merrill, A. & Sons Dealers in Wood. Moses, John F. Dealer in Wool and Shoe Leavitt, J. Linings. Odlin. Charles C. Physician. Odlin, J. W. Sheriff. O'Niel, Peter Laborer. Perkins, S. J. Farmer. Perry, W. G. Physician. Puriugton, J. T. Painter. Ranlet, Daniel W. Merchant. Shute, Nathaniel Smith, David Machinist. Smith, Geo. W. Carpenter. Smith, John L. Carpenter. Smith, J. R. Provision Dealer. Stearnes, Eben L. Teacher. Stickney, W. W. Lawyer. Street, George E. Clergyman. Towle, Levi G. Landlord. Young, Charles W. Carpenter. Wadleigh, John W. Farmer. Watson, Irving Jailor. Webster, Abby R. P. Weston, George W. Register of Deeds. Wetherell, George W. Carpenter. Wiggin, George W. Insurance Agent. FISHERVILLE. Amsden, Abby F. Amsden, Chas. H. Furniture Manufacturer. Bonney, H. Hotel. Brown, David A. Bookeeper. Brown, II. II. & Sons. Cotton Manufacturers. Brown, J. S. Cotton Manufacturer. Butler, N. Attorney at Law. Cary M. W. Milkman. Colburn, John A. Harness Maker. Gage, Isaac Saw Manufacturer. Gage, John C. Manufacturer of Lumber. Hall, L. K. Merchant. Hardy, Martha B. Hastings, J. F. Harness Maker. Holmes, J. S. Land Surveyor. Thomas Furniture. Jewett, W. M. R. Clergyman. Kimball. D. F. Igo, Lamprey, M. S. Photographer. Linnaham, John C. Grocer. Moore, Noyes, J. II. Machinist. S. G. Merchant. Trainer, P. II. Carpenter. Wilmar, Fred Miller. FRANCESTOWN. Barrett, Cyrus Wheelwright. Belcher, Lyman Bixhy, J. T. Desk Manufacturer. Bradford, P. B. Pres. First National Bank. Byxbv, D. P. Box Manufacturer. Campbell, II. F. Clergyman. Coehrau, R. J. Farmer. Colburn, E. W. Builder and Draftsman. " Colburn, J. L. Clerk. Dinsmore, S. M. Physician. Downs, Amasa Merchant Downs, George E. Trader. Downs, S. T. Merchant. Epps. Geo. T. Blacksmith. Hotel Keeper. II. Hardy. Luther Farmer. Manahan, Horace Miller. Patch, Hiram Fanner. Farnbam, W. 653 Pettee, George F. Farmer. Roper, E. P. Machinist. Scalding. II. W. Blacksmith. Vose, J. E. Prin. Francestown Academy. FRANKLIN. Adams, Belle Aikeu, Charles L. Aiken, F. II. Brad awls. Aiken, Walter Manufacturer. Avery, J. F. Barnard, Daniel Lawyer. Batchelder, C. P. Blodgett, Isaac N. Lawyer. Beau, S. 1». Benson, Samuel Burleigh, R. G. Merchant. Burleigh, Wallace Merchant. (.'alley, CO. Carleton, J. G. Blacksmith. Chase & Co. Merchants. Clark, Charles H. Daniel, F. II. Insurance Agent. Daniel, Warren F. Paper Manuf'r. Ilav.nport, L. D. Davis, 0. B. Webster House. Davis, R. M. Merchant. Dearborn, Annie L. Dimond, Moses G. Drake, G. W. Firth, James H. A. C. Fortier, Wm. J. Fit/., French, Oliver Gerrish, Milton Gilchrist, D. Merchant. Gile, A. A. Goodwin, M. B. Editor. Gorman, Cyrus Gunthier, Joseph Hall, W. S. Hancock, F. N. Hancock, Parker Heath, C. M. Jtulkins, Kelley, C. Ed John L. Keudrick, Stephen Kennedy, D. L. Kimball, Charles Kimball, Isaac B. Lewis. William Littlehale, Mrs. A. P. Lord, G. W. Lowell, Alonzo Mack, Rev. D. A. Marsh, James Marr, P. J. Mc Connel, Thomas Messer, Alonzo Neal, George Nesniith, Geo. W. Attorney at Law. Nichols, C. B. Nichols, George Page, Susie A. Pike, Austin F. Attorney at Prescott, Howard S. Richardson, Levi Sanborn. E. B. S. Sawyer, <".. W. Sawyer, Wesley Attorney at Law. Simoinls, J. VV. Teacher. Sleeper, L. B. Smith, D. F. Stearns, Silas C. Stone. Edwin C. Sturtevant, E. II. Sulloway, A. W. Woolen Sweet, Joseph Law. Hose Manufactory. �NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. 654 Taylor, John Cnrrier, Samuel Wadsworth, G. G. Dearborn, Win. R. Walker, Walter GILSUM. Austin, Wesley Beckwith, Henry Bill, Willard Bingham, S. W. C. Britton, B. H. Clark, Thomas T. & Sons Curthbert, Robert Collins, S. Dart, A. M. Gates, S. C. Hammon, A. S. Merrill, Abram Carpenter. Merrill, Jonathan Laborer. Nichols, Oliver Farmer. Phelps, John W. Stage Driver. Strachan, James G. Haywood, Allen Haywood, Geo. N. Haywood, Theron Hubbard, Albert Tsham, J. J. Isham, W. L. Laiselle, HANOVER. Allen. Ira B. Livery and Stage. Balch, A. N. Railroad Contractor. Mark Lang, John II. Benton. Charles Lapham, Edward W. C. Assistant Prof, of Classics. Carpenter. Carpenter, E. D. Tailor. Brown, Asa F. Minor, Francis C. Morrison, Elisha Nash, Eugene P. Newman, Geo. Nichols, K. Pierce, Hattie Carter, E. W. Restaurant Keeper. Clark, Win. A. jr. Jeweler. W Nancy Rawson, C. W. Porter, Cobb, Filian, Brown, Nathan T. W. Gove, J. P. Gunninson, John V. Hooper, John B. HARRISVILLE. Firm of William & Atwood, Wooden Ware Manufactory. Atwood, John E. Farmer. Maxhen, Stephen D. in, John 1 Messer, Alvin J. Farmer. Meager, John Farmer. Nelson, Hial Pay, Rev. Mr. Pike, Eliae W., Pike, Sullivan G. Rogers, Increase S. Rogers, James W. - Tandy, Samuel Tandy, William Trow, .buries M. Trow, Perkins GRANTHAM. Austin, E. F. Laborer in Saw Mill. E. Farmer. Bii8well, Oliver B. Farmer. Clark, John Lumber Dealer. Brown, Henry Colburn, Emma J. Silas Bemis, Charles A. Farwell, Henry J. Lowell, Geo. 0. McLaughlin, David Mc Laugh Laborer Miller, E. T. Farmer. Parker, H. E. Instructor. Rand, E. W. Furniture Dealer. Smith, Asa, D. Pres. of Dartmouth College. Smith, E. K. Farmer. Sherman, Frank A. Prof, of Mathematics. Tenney, R. A. Farmer. Whitcomb, P. H. Prop'tor Dartmouth Presa. Woodward, Laura E. Teacher. Cutts, Charles Henry George Hale B. W. Book seller. Maxham, A. E. Tinman. Boothe, Oliver Boothe, Sylvester Maxfii'ld, Merchant. Fletcher, Robert. Prof, of Civil Engineering. Frost, C. P. Prof, of Theory and Practice. GOSHEN. Lear, W. Carpenter. Prof, of Chemistry. Dudley, G. T. Expressman. Emerson, Charles L. Assist. Prof, of Natural Philosophy. Field, C. A. Insurance and Postmaster. T. Webster, Wilber Wilder, William Wood, Horace Wright, Daniel 0. S. Cummings, Ely Diinond, E. W. Rawson, G. B. Stevens, George A. Turner, Frank E. Webster, Frank D. Webster. K. D. Emery, Farmer. Blanfield, R. T. Mansfield. C. L. Mark, Clothes Pin Manufacturer. Farmer. Dunbar, L. D. Merchant. Eastman, W. H. Clergyman. Emmerson, Samuel, Farmer. Gault, John S. Farmer. Goss, Benjamin S. Farmer. Hall, A. Farmer. Hall, A. D. Hotel Keeper. Hastings, David S. Farmer. Hastings, Joseph Farmer. Hastings, Orren S Hastings, P. H. Hemphill, J. Farmer. Leavitt, Wm. B. Farmer. Teacher. Mechanic. Wooden Ware Manufr. Woolen Manufacturer. Harris, Milan Hazen, Francis M. Holbrook, Amos Clergyman. Morse, Bela Farmer. Newhall, C. Clergyman. Phillips, Washington Laborer. Prindy, Wm. H. Wool Sorter. Mechanic. Ruffle, James E. Smith, Aaron Farmer. Stratton, Francis Livery Stable. Symons, S. T. Wooden Ware ManufactniOT. Tarbox, George M. Farmer. Traxler, Geo. L. Mechanic. Tufts, Geo. F. Blacksmith. HENNIKER. Allen, W. n. Atwood, L. F. Mechanic. Book-keeper. Carpenter. Bacon, C. R. Baker, Miss Mary E. Barnes, Wm. B. Cattle Broker. Brown, Thomas Farmer. �655 NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. Brown, S. A. Tanner. Burtt, Milan Mechanic. Bui tt & Sleeper, Harness Makers. Codnian, George B. Painter. Blacksmith. Campbell, Harris Campbell, Harris W. Carter, LI. C. Paper Manufacturer. Carter, Harrison Farmer. Maker. Cate, D. S. N. P. P^'per Cbaudler, Charles U. Mechanic. Wm. Blacksmith. Chandler, Chase, John Farmer. Clark, Mrs. M. J. Cogswell, L. W. Farmer. J. C. Cashier of National Bank. Carr, Nathan Alonzo Carter, Collins, D. S. Clothes Pin Manufacturer. Campbell, Conn, Freeman Blacksmith. Cook, George W. Physician. Crooker, A. J. Currier. Crooker, Q. Currier. Cogswell, Warren S. Blacksmith. Cogswell, Washington Farmer. Cogswell, Wm. E. Tinman. Colby, Eri Farmer. Colby, Frank E. Farmer. Colby, James M. Farmer. Colby, Thomas E. Farmer. Conner, Alex. W. Farmer. Connor, John K . Cutting, Daniel French, J. Q. A. Goodell. John Wm. Manufacturer. Dow, George W. S. Kit '" _ Eastman Miss Susan C. i vc 1 ier Co. Emerson, H. A. Agent of C. V. Paper - ' 15. F'oley, Farmer. Courser, Charles H. Millwright. Davis, Wm. D. Dodge, R. T. Farmer. lr Farmer, George H. Farmer. Favour, Andrew D. Farmer. Farrar, George H. Merchant. Flanders, A. R. Carpenter. Flanders, Wm. 0. Farmer. Physician. Physician. Farmer. Gould, Grimes, Sarah C. Lane & Co. Grain Dealers. Hale, Hastings, S. D. Carriage Maker. Wood Turner. Hill, Cumiugs Mechanic. Hill, Gilbert P. Hi.ls, John M.W. Wood Turner. Hmes, L. D. Proprietor of St. Charles Hotel. B. Currier. Uuyt.Moses M. wooden Gage, John Dry Measures and Gage, Perley, R. Mechanic. Paper Maker. J. Gilchrist, J. Glover, Miss Mary D. Goss, Miss H. C. Gove, Frederick C. Farmer. Gove, Miss Rebecca Paper Maker. Guttersun, John Gutterson, Wm. W. Hackett, G. H. Physician. Howe, Miss Belle Teacher. Jameson, John W. Farmer. ware. • Ladd, J. B. P. Shoemaker. Maker. Livingston, Charles E. Paper Mc Alphine, C. H. Meat Dealer. V. Paper Co. Foreman C. Mc Gown. John A. Morrill, Harrison Farmer. Morgan, A. E. Shoe Peg Maker. Morrison, Mrs. Jane J. Newton, John A. Farmer. Newton, Nahum Farmer. Patten, Squire M. Farmer. Patterson, Alonzo & Son Farmer. Peabody, L. W. Physician. Poor, George M. Farmer. Preston, George C. Merchant. Putney, Daniel Mechanic. Ray, John C. Farmer. Kenton, J. B. Shoe Manufacturer. Farmer. Rice, II. A. Rice, Robert D. Farmer. Ripley, H. N. Shoemaker. Robbins, D. K. Carpenter. Repairer. Sargent, Walter Clock Smith, Mrs. L. B. Smith, Watson W. Clergyman. Waldron, II. Frances Watkins, Eli P. Paper Maker. Webster, Jesse Merchant Tailor. Whitcomb, Mrs. Annie Whitman, Mrs. C. M. «..«_* Manufacturer. Whitney, Frederick. Coffin Wilson, 0. E. Mary Dudley, Samuel S. Clergyman. Button & Morse, Merchants. Eaton, Jubal II. Blacksmith. Faton, L. S. Merchant Tailor. Mechanic. Farrah, Walter J. Sawyer and Farmer. HILLSBOROUGH. Abbott, 0. Butcher. Bowers, S. 0. Dentist. Bragdon, John Clergyman. Tannery. Brown, Gil as E. Foreman of Humphrey Jacknian, Watchman. Jackman, Ira W. Jackson, Noah Lovering, R. E. Livery Stable. Lumber Dealer. Bedstead Manufacturer Charles F. Photographer. Farmer. Melleu, Seth Mannahan, W. U. Mc Clary. Merrill, William Farmer. Newman, D. W. C. Tin- ware, etc. Merchant. Newman, James Printer. Patten, Geo. C. Civil Engineer. Peaslee, G. D. Sock Maker Peaslee, Nathan B. Mechanic. Pike, Geo. A. Farmer. Prescott, L. W. Clergyman. Osburn, J. G. Putney, Lewis Quin, C. II. Mechanic. Ring, Levi C. Tanner. Robbins, CD. Farmer. Geo. F. Blacksmith. Balttuarsh, Sargent, Orlando Teamster. Sargent, Wm. Editor. Smith, John B. Manufacturer. Taylor, C. W. Farmer. Tutherly, Rufus Upton, B. F. Harness Maker. Vickery, D. L. Webber Brooks K. Attorney at Law. Wl.ittaker, Henry P. Tanner. Whitteuiore, Wm. B. Furniture. Wilkins, Edgar M. Currier. Wilkins, Isaac F. Wilson, Erastus Lumber Dealer. Wyman, S. Dow Young, Alvin H. Farmer. Tanner. HINSDALE. Ami don, C. J. Barrows, W. S. Bishop, Edward Davis, A. B. Dunham, Ira Fales, Lemuel Fiske, F. D. Latham, Henry Newhall & Stebens Pratt, L. E. Robinson, N. �NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. 656 Babin, T. Greeley, D. W. Huntor, Sanderson, D. K. Thayer, E. G. M. J. Smith, D. 0. Smith, N. Thomas, G. \Vatson, C. C. Wellington, G. P. Webster, Kimball Woods, G. S. Wilder, G.S.. Worden, E. & N. JEFFERSON. HOOKSETT. Catlin, Buswell, 0. B. Colby, G. A Converse, A. H. Davis, W. M. Gage, H. P. Goodnough, Lafayette Guild, II. II. Head, Natt Head, Samuel, 2d Head, W. F. Abbott, L. Blood, G. Burnes, R. Hosiery Mill. Pressman. Constantine, W. A. Cotton, W. P. Edgerly, Florence. Hotel. Everett, George H. Wil lard Holt, Frank P. Paper Box Maker. A. Justice S. J. Court. Hibbard, E. Hamlin, Laird, James. B. J. Lovejoy, A. R. Nichols, E. Spaulding, S. Hunkins, J. S. Lamphrey, Wm. H. Libbey Frank F M. Prescott, D. Worcester, J. N. Worcester, T. G. HOPKINTON. Barnard, John Farmer. Brown, Ellen K. Chandler. Alfred N. Farmer. Chase, Ambros Farmer. Law. Chase, Hon. Horace Attorney at Choat, Horace L. Farmer. MelTin Painter. Colby, Connor, Isaac K. Carpenter. Connor, James M. Farmer. Currier, John Farmer. Dauforth, Enoch, Oakland, Cal. Farmar. Dorr, Kl 'ii Flanders, Parker M. Farmer. Goodrich. Geo. K. Farmer. Gould, Charles Farmer. Green, Herman W. Attorney at Law. Hawthorne, C. G. Attorney at Law. Jones, John F. Farmer. Kimball, Rich M. rge E. i Farmer. Farmer. Lord, Thomas Farmer. Page, John W. Farmer. Page. S. S. Farmer. Putnev, Ira A. Farmer. Eowell, Isaac Farmer. Sceevens, Eugene P. Farmer. Snyder, A. Clergyman. Spencer, Elijah Farmer. Tewksbury, Henry R. Carpenter Whittemore, Win. B. Farmer. Young, John K. Clergyman. HUDSON. Wm. Andrews, Belknap, A. J. Holler, W. H. S. W. Dm ant, G.W. Emery, Hosiery. Frank E. John T. Lewis F. Eastman, Clarence Farley, J. Clyde, Bu<iel, Busiel, Busiel, Dallison, George Cameron, H. G. ] Blacksmith. B. Busiel, C. A. HOLLIS. E. Crawford, Charles Farmer. Houses. Crawford, E. A. Farm and Mountain Gray, William Farmer. Mason, A. F. Trader. Moulton, L. B. Clergyman. Palmer, L. H. Farmer. Pottle, J. H. Farmer. Thayer, T. S. Mechanic. Ames, G. J. G. Otterson, H. B. Towle, F. C. Woods, Farmer. Andrew LACONIA VILLAGE. Homey, John Hussey, Mountain House. Beadell, F. J. Bonney, Horace J. H. Carpenter. S. Randall, Frank C. Smith, Fannie C. Slowe, J. S. True, Noah P. Physician. ««„„-,Vaughan, 0. A. J. Editor Laconia Democrat, Waring, John J. Watson, David Webster, George M. Weeks, Hazen Whipple, Thomas Attorney at Law. Young, S. E. LANCASTER. Benton, Jacob Attorney at Law. Burns, William Attorney at Law. Harness maker. Calley, Fred C. Coos Rep. Association, Publishers. Crawford. J. G. Attorney at Law. Emerson & Hartshorn Publishers. Evans, A. G. Grocer. Evans, Samuel G. Merchant. Mechanic. Field, John E. Law. Fletcher, Hiram H. Attorney at Gray, H. Drawer. C. B. Clerk of Court. Jordan, Kent, Col. II. 0. Attorney at Law. Justice S. J. Court. S. Marshall, A.J. Carriage Maker. Ossian Attorney at Law. Bay, Smith, J. A. Merchant. Snaulding, John W. Postmaster. Ladd W. Attorney at Law. B. F. Wilson, Willie B. Mechanic. Whidden, LEMPSTER. Allen. Lewis B. Beckwith, Wm. P. Bruce, Timothy Bruce, William F. Carey, Edward 0. Carey, F. C. Cheney, S. H. �NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. 657 Clark, D. Cragin, Edward A. Dickey, J. H. Bradley, T. R. V. Furniture. Harnesses, Carriages and Finley, B. C. Gordon, B. N. Hurd, Stephen Brigham £ Pratt Bakers. Brown, W. W. Physician. Burnham, J. E. Attorney at Law. Kempt, John D. Campbell, Z. F. Keys, Brothers Kingsley, K. A Noyes, Albert Page, Oliver E. Parker, A. J. Parker, Hiram Perley, A. F. Perry, Mrs. L. A. Casbin, John II. Catherdy, N. H. Branch. Edward Trunks. Druggist. Ales, Liquors and Wines. Carpenter and Builder. Chadwick, H. M. Retail Liquor Dealer. Cheney, P. C. Paper Manufacturer. Chevilliar, J. Aug. Catholic l'astor. W. F. Dentist. Exchange Billiard Hall. Clark, Joseph B. Attorney at Law. Clark, Moses C. Clark's Pat. Horse Shoes. Coburn, E. K. Books and Stationery. Colby & Pressey. Physicians. Guilds, Cliubbuck, H. T. Porter, George S. Roundy, R. S. Sabine, William C. Smith, Alvah Stearns, John M. Towne, Geo. W. Walker. Henry Way, William E. Wells, George F. Corey, William Cumuer & LITTLETON. Wm. Merchant. Bingham, Harry Attorney at Law. Cheney, Charles Y. Bellows, Ela, Curtis Hodgman, F. F. Druggist. Gordon, A. H. Gould, Henry T. Book-keeper. Gould. P. R. Postmaster. Lovejoy. A. H. Painter. Lovejoy, Geo. E. Merchant. Messer, John Shoe Manulacturer. Miller, Mrs. Moffat, James Shoe Manufacturer. Oavrand, S. Restaurant. Parker, Luther Farmer. Richardson, James Lumber Dealer Sawyer, Eli D. Hop Dealer. Sanger, T. E. Physician. Shute, Sewell Blacksmith. Sinclair, Lumber John G. Dealer. Smith, Richard Stevens, W. H. Tarbell, C. D. Manufacturer. Wheeler, Dennis Wilkins, Dixie House Painter. LOUDON. Ordway, G. F. Farmer. LYME. W. Farmer. Baker, F. Butler, E. P. Clergyman. Dike, Henry Farmer. Franklin, H. 0. Farmer Gilbert, G. F. Clerk in Store. Kent, John S. Proprietor of Hotel. Palmer, F. B. Mechanic. Webster, M. K. Merchant. Weed, B. M. Farmer. Wells, James M. Farmer. Willmot, M. I. Farmer. MANCHESTER. Adams, Phineas Manufacturer. Alden & Flanders Civil Engineers. Groceries and Provisions. Back, W. E. Teacher. Baldwin & Batchelder Pianos & Organs. Alton, H. H. Baldwin, James & 0. Bobbins and Shuttles. Bartlett C. II. Lawyer. Groceries and Provisions. Attorney at Law. Bean & Mathews Bell, S. N. Carpenter. Blodgett. N. C. Boutell, Geo. E. Hotel. Needle Manufacturer. Merchant Tailors. Wheelwright. Co. Currier, B. Crosby, Josiah Physician. Custer, E. Physician. Devine, P. A. Undertaker. Diguam, W. Mus.cian. Dodge, Geo. W. Boots and Shoes. Dufrain, L. N. Pump Manufacturer. Eager, John Q. A. Grocer. Eager & Robinson. Grocers. Edgerly, M. V. B. Life Insurance. Emerson, D. B. Retail Liquor Dealer. Eventt, J. S. Eating House. Everett, W. G. Insurauce Agent. Fabay, Patrick Ales, Wines &c. Stoves, Furnaces and Fairbanks & Folsom Ranges. Fairbanks & Patten Deputy Sheriff. Fellows, J. W. Attorney at Law. Ferguson, John Physician. Flanders, P. C. Provision Dealer. Ford, John F. Plumber. Insurance Agent and French, George A. Adjuster. French, Henry Contractor and Builder. Gaskell, G. A. Principal of Business College. Gray, Frank L. Manufacturer of Soda Water. Haddock, F. Shoe Manufacturer. Harrington, E. W. City National Bank. Hawkins, A. S. Cigar Dealer. Haves, Fred jr. Druggist. Hayes, John Wholesale Liquor Dealer. Hersey, Geo. E. Physician, inland. Frank Attorney at Law. Hill, Hiram Dentist. Holbrook, Geo. Carpenter and Builder. Holmes, W. F. Flour and Grain Dealer. Book Binder, Blank Book Hoyt, Geo. C Manufacturer and Paper Ruler. Hubbard, Geo. H. Cigar Manufacturer. Livery and Hack Stable. James, S. S. Edward Clothing. Cigars and Tobacco. C. Kimball, Jesse Shirt Manufacturer. V. B. Carpenter and Kinney, M. Kenneily, Kennedy, E. Lumber Dealer. Granite Workers. Lane, A. J. Real Estate and Biz. Agent. Steam, Gas, and Water Lane, Thomas A. Lampson & Marden Pipe. Wm. Attorney at Law, 3 copies. Livingston, C. F. Printer. Locke, & Demmick W. I. Goods Ac. Lodge, Joseph Manufr of Dress Goods. Lord, Samuel D. Attorney at Law. Mahoney, D. I. Book Keeper. Mallard, Albert & Son Grocers. Mc Donald & Cady Boots and Shoes. Little, Mellendv, Hamilton Undertaker. Merriam, Geo. W. Blacksmith. �658 NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. Meeser, Octavus L. Groceries and Provisions. Miller, R. M. Provisions and Fish. Mitchell, James jr. Boots and Shoes. Monette Brothers, Groceries and Provisions. Mooar, J. W. Physician. Moore, John Watches and Jewelry. Morrison, Henry Blacksmith. Murray, Attorney at Law. P. J. Newell, J. P. 0' Brian, J. Catholic Pastor. O'Connor, C. A. Attorney at Law. Olzendam, A. P. Hosiery Manufacturer. Page, B. F. Parmley, J. H. Dentist. Par-ions, W. S. Phvsician. Patten, W. R. Attorney at Law. Perkins, £. W. Confectiuner. Perkins, M. H. Granite Billiard Hall. Perry, A. F. Druggist. Pettee, Horace Flour, Grain. Lime & Cement. Phiibrick, A. Harness Manufacturer. Pickering, J. W. C. Clothier. Pike, J. Clergyman. Piper, B. H. Spokes and Handles. Prout, M. Ale, Wine, and Cigars. Raymond, N. H. Stave Manufacturer. Reynolds, H. C. Manufacturer. Roby, W. K. Oysters. Rowell, N. L. Clergyman. Scott, James B. Cigar Manufacturer and Dealer in Tobacco. Shelter & Lewis Boot & Shoe Dealers. Smith, Isaac VV. Justice of Supreme Court. Smyth, Frederick Merrimack River Bank. Spear, Justin Deputy Sheriff. William Baker. Starr, Stearns, J. E. Civil Engineer. Stevens, J. L. Postmaster. Straw, E. A. Governor of the State. Sullivan Bros. Stoves, Ranges and Furnaces Sulloway, C. A. Attorney at Law. Tanswell, G. II. Dry Goods Tebbetts, G. W. 0. Druggist. Tewksbuiy Bros. Book-sellers. Thompson, H. M. Ag't M. P. Works Tucker, W. J. Clergyman. II. B. Dealer 'in Nuts. Upton, Samuel Attorney at Law. Van e, Geo. R. Stove Dealer. Varney, D. B. Coppersmith & Brass Founder. Wattsou & Homes Flour and Grain, WholeTwist, sale. Weeks. Geo. W. Boots & Shoes. West, John Physician. W' v> ston. James A. hituey, Mayor and Civil Engineer. Music & Musical Instruments. I. S. MARLOW. Baker, F. W. Conn, Freeman Downing, Albert S. Downing, Daniel Geer, Edward R. Honey, H. E. Hnntley, E. G. Jones. John Q. Joslin, Andrew T. Morrison, Geo. T. Nason, (ieo. A. MERRIMACK. Bnrtlett, M. Doloff, S. S. Eaton, W. S. Ela, B. Ferguson, Hubbard, Kitten-.) J. W. Russell, G. Wilkins, J. G. MILFORD. Averill, C. S. |.; W, Attorney at law. Barnard, H. L. Hotel. Blanchard, J. M. Printer. Burnham, D. S. Merchant. Emerson, L. B. Manuf r Extension Tables. Foster, B. F. Photographer. Fuller, Andrew L. G. F. Manufr. Gilson, A. A. Miller. Goss, Samuel Gray, J. E. Extension Table Manufacturer Gutterson, E. F. Grocer. Hatch, C. G. Livery Stable. Heald, David Furniture Mannfacturcr. Kaley, T. Manufacturer of Tidy Yarn. Kuowlton, Win. Manufacturer. Lancaster, H. K. Grocer. Lewis, James Tanner. Moulton, J. B. Tanner. Powers, John A. Tinner. Rich, John L. Robinson, A. H. Merchant. Saw.ver, F. T. Cash. First Nat. Bank. Towne, Wm. B. Pres. First Nat. Bank. Tuttle. Charles B. Merchant. Wadleigh, B. Attorney at Law. Wac Heigh, George Attorney at Law, Worcester, G. A. Student. NASHUA. Andrews, Abner Andrews, G. F. A ndrews, J. F. Bailey, J. F. Barker, Barrett, J. N. Wm. A. Beard, Albert Black, J. S. Blunt, J. G. Blown, E. P. Brown, W. 0. Bui k. N. W. Case, Levi, Chandler, S. D. Cbeever, W. H. Clark, Betsey C. Collins. A. S. Cook, W. H. Coygin & Farley. Craige, J. H. Crombie. D. D. Critchet, C. E. Currier, G. W. Dane, H. F. Dauforth, C. P. Dearborn, C. V. Deveron, J. A. Dodge, Oliver. Dodge, Sabra 0. Downs, Lovicy A. Dunlap, A. H. Eaton & Aver Eaton, II. H. Emerson, S. D. Evars, C. G. A. Farwell, L. Fields, C. L. ,.. Kitteredge, J. Lund, D. McWilkins, A. Parker, L. W. Parker, Thos. Parkhurst, E. P. Reed, J. L. II. Fisk, David B. Fletcher, Benjamin Fletcher, Claru A. �NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. Fletcher. J. M. Foster, N. A. S. W. W. A. French, Fuller, Gage, C. P. Gale, E. B. Gordon, A. C. Greenwood, H. E. Greenwood, N. Gregg & Son Doors, Sash and Blinds. Hardy, G. Hastings, G. Healey, R. H. Hills, A. M. Holt, Henry. Hosford J. K. Hubbard, S. P. Hyde, J. W. Jaqueth, J. E. Kelsea, C. Kendrick, B. F. Kimball. J. G. Knowlton, A. B. Maloon, C. L. Marshall, D. R. Mclntire, E. P. McKeen, Frank A. McKeen, A. McMillin, W. H. McQuestion, Charles R. McQuestion, E. F. McQuestion, George M. Mellendy, H. D. Monroe, F. Moore, G. W. Moore, 0. C. H S. Morris, G. E. Murray, 0. D. Oi er, C. P. Otis, D. A. Parkinson, H. James L. Perkins. W. N. Peirce, Philbrick, H. A. Powers, A. S. Proctor, H. 0. Public, Library, Putnam, B. Ramsdell, Geo. A. Reed, A. G. Russell, E. S. Reed, John Reed, Williard 0. R. R. Conductor ,B. L. N. R. R. Roby, C. J. Roby, L. A. Sanders, A. H. Sargent, A. Shattuck, C. W. Shipley, C. Spaulding, E. Spaulding, J. A. Spaulding, S. Squires, W. H. Stearns, A. J. Stevens, D. Sullivan, D. Swallow, S. Thomas, H. Tilton, Wood, T. H. Woodward, Q. A. Worcester, K. F. Worcester, Samuel Godfrey, Alfred Goodale, John H. Mordotgh, 659 Whitemarsh, J. F. Whittemore, B. B. John Tolles, C. F. Tolles, C. F. TJnderhill, G. A. Wellman. S. K. Weston, W. S. Wheeler, H. B. NEW-HAMPTON. , Dustin, S. Evans, Geo. C. Student Fiske, E. Clergyman. Gordon, Miss Abby A. Gordon, James Gordon, Wm. P. Carriage Maker Healey, Miss Carrie M. Merrow, M. H. Meservey, A. B. Prin. of Institute. Piper, J. S. Prescott, E. A. Clergyman. Prescott, John F. Farmer. Rich, W. E. C. Teacher. Wallace, Joseph C. Mason. NEW-IPSWICH. Bailey, William Burton, George T. Clark, Peter H. Clark's Hotel. Farwe'l, Daniel Farwell, Russell Fox, George Heywood. S. B. Perry, J. P. Preston, Will A. Thayer, S. A. Townsend, A. N. Wheeler, Charles Whitney, C. A. Wilson, C. F. NEW LONDON. Abbott, T. B. & Son Warren Bickford, Cloui;u, J. Lumber Dealers. Mechanic. Farmer. Merchant. E Burpee, P. Burpee, J. H. M. S. V. S. Mail Cooper, Solon Agent Farmer. Currier, H. J. Artist. Dickey, R. Scythe Welder. S. Elkins, J. S. Farmer. Everett, C. A. Fiske, M. H. Teacher. Fletcher, Rev. S. C. ClergymanHerrick, Geo. W. Howe, Clergyman. S. Jones, Edwin A. Tanner and Cnrrier. Knight, Ephraim Teacher. Littlefield, Loverin, Seth A. E. Farmer. Trader. McCutchin8, Luther Farmer. Messer, Curtis Farmer. Phillips, Lewis Clergyman. Phillips, C. C. Scythe Manufacturers— ") Folson, C. E. SSuccessors to Phillips, Greenwood, N. T. J Messer & Colby, Pingry, N. D. Farmer. Merchant. Merchant. Seamans, H. W. Jeweler. Smith, E.G. Mechanic. Smith, Elhaman Scythe Finisher. Russell, 0. K. Sargent. C. S. Swett, S. B. Todd, Henry M. Currier. Warren, L. E. Pres. of Institute. Whitcomb, Ruel Williams, E. V. Currier. Williams, Roger Mechanic. Woodward, George Merchant. NEW-MARKET. Bennett, Edwin Stoves and Hardware. Bickford, John F. Carpenter. �NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. 660 Cutter with B. F. Haley. J. W. Burke, L. Physician. Caswell, A. B. Second Hand in Mill. Cleighton, S. E. W. Davis, Wm. Henry Pedler. Dennett, Benjamin F. Tailor. DeMerritt, J. F. Overseer in Cloth-room. • Doe, C. V. Merchant Tailor. Doeg, I. W. Machinist. Maker. Eastman, J. D. Carriage Edgerly, J. B. Mechanic. Elkins, J. L. Physician. Folsom, Lewis B. Munufr and Dealer in Con- Brown, and retail. Butcher and Grocer. fectionery, wholesale Gerry, Warren Green, Samuel H. Physician. Haines, Albert J. Machinist. Haley, S. A. National Bank. Machinist. Hall, D. C. Hall, Gilman Grocer. Hall, Lafayette Ham, John F., Jr. Butcher. Hanson, Hanson. J. J. L. F. Grocer. Physician. Hodgedon, John R. House Painter. Haskell, H. B. Mechanic. Hurd, Fred W. Kitteredge, G. Physician. Leavitt, George K. Grocer. Leavitt, N. H. Dealer in Horses, Carriages and Sleighs. Madox, G. T. Tailor, with B. F. Haley. Mathews, Jr. Benj. Grocer. Mc Neil, G. W. Tailor, with B. F. Haley. Mc Pherson, L. T. Foremaa in Doe's shop. Moses, C. C. P. Noyes, Fred W. Pike, Fred F. Pinder, James S. Farmer. Pinkham & Wingate, Publishers. Richardson, Edward Grocer. Roach, W. S. Foreman, with B. F. Haley. Savage. H. F. Scott, 0. W. Mechanic. Clergyman. Shackford, E. B. Shackfunl, W. A. Police Justice. Small, Wm. B. Attorney at Law Smart, Charles H. Granite worker. Smart, George K. Grocer. Smith, Almun P. Farmer. Smith, Charles H. Lawyer. Smith, N. C. Expressman from Newmarket to Boston. Stackpole, F. E. Manuf'r of xxx Laundry and Btott, J. D. Chemical Soap. Tuttle, Thomas Blacksmith. Waterson, A. J. Mechanic. White, Isaac C. Clergyman. Wiggin, A. D. Dry Gouds. Wiggin, J. W. Stable Keeper. Millinery and Fancy Wood, Mrs. M. A. Goods. Young, Jere NEWPORT. Abbott, Oilman P. Jobber. Allen, 15. H. Carpenter. Averill, H. A. Hotel Keeper. Badger, II. W. Carpenter. Bailey, L. D. Tailor. Barney, Ahira Track Layer. Bartlett, Nettie L. Teacher. Barton, Wm. II. Jack Spinner. Blake, Jonathan Stone Cutter. Bowers. S. L. Lawyer. Brett, M. L. Mechanic. Brown, Geo. R. Lawyer. Brown, J. H. Hotel Keeper. I Burke, Edmund Lawyer. Burke, M. W. Merchant. Call, Hial Farmer. Carr, David H. Farmer. Chuudler, Ira F. Lumber Dealer. Chase, Ashley A. Carder. Chase, A. B. Clerk. Chase, E. S. & Son Claggett, Rufus P. Shoe Dealers. Sheriff. Manufacturer. Coffin, P. S. Manufacturer. Coffin, Silas C. Comstock, Geo. H. Farmer. Converse, E. C. Merchant. Crain, Harvey B. Farmer. Currier, D. M. Physician. Cutts, Lorenzo L. Farmer. Dame, A. M. Farmer. Dame, Geo. E. Farmer. Darling, Wm. W. Physician. Dewey, Wm. H. Farmer. Handle Maker. F. Dow, W. A. Carpenter. Dow, Wallace, L. Contractor and Builder. Dodge, L. Merchant. Emerson, Jonathan jr. Blacksmith. Emery, S. A. Farmer. Evans, Randall Farmer. Fairbanks, Geo. H. Merchant. Edes, Geo. 0. Fairbanks, John E. Flet< her, Charles F. Forsaith, Stone Cutter. Farmer. Edward Gardner, P. K. Farmer. George, J. E. Farmer. Gordon, James M. Farmer. Gould, A. J. Farmer. Gove, Arlan M. Farmer. Gregg, R. M. Harness Maker. Hall, R. H. Farmer. Hayes, Henry H. Printer. Heath, B. C. Carriage Maker. Heath, G. A. Painter. Hitchcock, A. V. Cloths A Custom Clothing. Uobbs, John 0. Merchant Tailor. Howard, A. D. Civil Engineer. Howard, Charles C. Laborer. Howe, A. P. Farmer. Howlett, Moses S. Carpenter. Hubbell, Wm. W. Furniture Dealer. Huutoon, R. Merchant. Hurd, Bela Farmer. Hurd, S. H. Stone Cutter. Ingram, H. M. Jack Spinner. Jencks, H. A. Farmer. Jennings, G. E. Farmer. Kelley, J. C. Druggist & Bookseller. Kempton, Elisha M. Register of Deeds. Kenersou, J. M. Hosiery Manufacturer. King, W. W. Lumber Dealer. Lamb, A. Farmer. Leavitt, II. C. Clergyman. Lewis, F. W. Cashier 1st Nat. Bank. Moody, S. U. Farmer. Newton, D. A. Farmer. Nuurse, Geo. W. Postmaster. Page, Nathaniel 0. Rake Manufacturer. Parker, Dexter Farmer. » Patch, Daniel F. Shoe Dealer. Perry, Wm. II. Pollard, Granville Harness Powers, E. Farmer. and Trunk Dealec Reed, Erastus Farmer. Richards, Dexter Flannel Manufacturer. Richardson, H. Farmer. Rounsevel, Lyman Tanner. Sanborn, Thomas Physician. Sett. (i. R. W. Clergyman. Scribner, John Manufacturer. Severance, Daniel Stone Cutter. Shackett, Frank Laborer. �NAMES OE SUBSCRIBERS. Sibley, Ezra T. Scythe Manufacturer. Sibley, Paul Farmer. Silsby, Charles A. Farmer. Staniels, Hiram Farmer. Straw, Orra C. Jack Spinner. Swett, J. L. Physician. Thompson, R. H. Farmer. Richardson, Edward Shoe Workman. Sherman, C. W. Merchaut. Smith, C. C. Shoe Workman. Swain, J. J. Shoe Workman. Tasker, Ezra Farmer. Towle, BeDJamin F. Shoe Workman. Towle, S. N. Shoe Workman. Tilton, John P. Weaver. Tilton, R. W, Farmer. Lawyer. Waldron, Geo. H. Tinsmith. Walling, C. E. Stone Cutter. Wellcome, A. P. Lumber and Farmer. Wheeler, Edmund Mechanic. Whipple, Orsamus Farmer. Whitney, George F. Farmer. Whitney, 0. Farmer. Whittier, M. L. Carpenter. Wilcox, J. E. Farmer. Wilkins E. R. Clergyman. Wilmarth, George E. Auctioneer and Farmer. Wait, A. S. NORTHFIELD* Blake, C. C. Cate, Asa P. Judge of Probate. Cate, Miss Mary E. Chase, Francis R. Attorney at Law. Coffran, Benjamin. Corliss, Geo. W. Cross, Daniel J. Cross, 0. L. Dearborn, Miss Laura R, Dow, Sumner A. Downing, E«lgar O. Forrest, James N. Glines, Mrs. Annie L. Glines, Edward R. Glines, Westerly M. Gould, C. R. Haines, Benjamin Haines, Samuel Healy, Isaac H. Eenniston, Alpheus Kenniston, Fred Kenniston, John i Knowle-, Westerly Lambert, S. H. Langee, Oilman Payson, Miss Sarah T. Plummer, A. F. Plummer, W. H. Rand, J. D. Riley, George M. Roberts, John Robertson, C. H. Slader, Mrs. Elizabeth D. Smith, W. H. Stevens, Francis Watson, John P. Weeks, Geo. W. Wyatt, Otis C. Yeaton, John B. N0RTHW00D. Brown, E. C. Proprietor Harvey House. Bryant, Ella M. Dow, Eben C. Farmer. Durgin, W. M. Shoe Freighter. Clark, B. W. Shoe Workman. Cogswell, E. C. Clergyman. Edmond, W. H. Farmer. Emerson, D. G. Shoe Workman. Greenleaf, A. M. Shoe Workman. Farmer. Merchant. Farmer. Mead, John G. Merchant. Miller, Henry Shoe Workman. Perry, C. M. Blacksmith. Pillsbury, A. J. Shoe Manufacturer. James, S. S. Lancaster, J. P. Lbcke, James C. 661 PEMBROKE AND SUNCOOK. Abbott, Richard L. Alexander, Enoch Appleton, George P. Austin, David Cilley, Charles W. George P. Coffrin, Corbin, J. M. Dodge, S. Edgerly, Calvin E. George Daniel J. Hildreth, Dr. C. F. P. Jewell, D. L. Jones, D. S. Knox, S. W. Larabee, G. H. Morse, Charles P. Moulton, C. 0. Noyes, N. R. Osgood, A. L. Osgood. A. N. Paine, R. H. Rowe, A. J. Sanborn, John W. Sargent, Warren Simpson, George N. Sullivan, John H. Truesdell, E. E. Vose, G. S. Walker, Isaac White, Rev. L. Whitemore, A. Woods, F. N. PETERBOROUGH. Ames, Albert A. Butcher. Ames, George W. Harness Maker. Ames, J. M. Mechanic. Ames, Timothy K. Oldest Sheriff in N. H. Bashaw, Charles Harness Maker. Batchelder, F. S. Boarding Master. A. F. Clergyman. Beckwith, Thomas L. Overseer. Blair, George W. Cotton Spinner. Blair, James P. Briggs, Joshua Piano Stool Manufr. Bruce, Charles C. B ixter. Chase, W. D. Physician. Cheever, M. V. Billiard Hall. Collins, J. M. Farmer. Cragin, John Farmer. Cross, Levi Cotton Manufr. Culter, Daniel B. Physician. Physician. Cutler, John H. Dadman, Wm. E. Boot Maker. Dodge, Edward B. Lumber, and Contractor. Dustin, George Clergyman. Eaton, Nathan T. Meat and Provision Dealer. Farmer, Charles W. Farnum & Printers. Scott, Machinist. Felt, G. P. Carpenter. Felt, Jonathan Carpenter. Field, Henry Fisher, J. Merchant. Fletcher, E. A. Painter. Fletcher, George A. Butcher. Forbush, Nathan C. Frost, Albert Undertaker. Fuller, A. Stoves and tin ware. Gorman, John Lumber and Wool Gould, D. W. Clerk. Hamilton, George A. Dealer. �NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. 662 Hatch, R. B. Hill, E. B. Lawyer. Cotton Manufacturer. Holt, Lorenzo Farmer. Holt, Lorenzo Carriage Painter and Trimmer. Howe, Truss Manufacturer. E. Hunt, Norton Jaquith, Cliarles E. Manuf'r and Builder. Kimball, A. H. Wool Carder, Cloth Dresser and Dyer. Langley, George H. Proprietor of Bakery. Lee. Frank E. Livingston, J. Cotton Manuf'r. Livingston, Wm. G. Merchant. Loveland, Sylvester D. Machinist. Macumber, J. W. Stone Mason. Mara, Charles Marble, Robert C. Carriage Maker. Mc Coy, Charles Largest Farmer and Stock Grower in Peterborough. Mc Langhlin, Patrick Watchman. Mears, Franklin Morse, L. Carpenter. Nagley, C. H. Machinist. Nickless, John H. Overseer. Nooen's, Joseph Son's. Woolen Manuf'rs. Patterson, C. N. Overseer. Preston, Charles A. Machinist. Preston, Isaac F'. Machinist. Proctor, A. J. Soap Manuf'r. Rice, W. F. Machinist. Robbe, Avarado. Robinson, Charles E. Proprietor of French's Hotel. Rourk, John Livery Stable. Lawyer. Scott, Albert S. Scott, Charles High Scripture, George II. Sheriff. Photographer. Simous, S. Spinner. Smith, Albert M. Spinner. Smith, E. M. Lawyer. Steele, John H. Stationer. Straw, Mi-8 E. Worsted Wreath and Bonnet Manufactdrer. Sweatt, Mrs. Maria B. Tarbell, Solon Carriage Maker. Templeton, H. H. Merchant Tailw. Thoruing, C. A. Overseer. Towne, E. A. Basket ManuPr. Upton, Albert Trader. Tose, Samuel I. Auctioneer. Wheeler, C. A. Slide Yoke Dairy Thermometer Manufacturer. White, I. D Farmer. Wilder, Charles Manuf'r of Barometers and Thermometers. Wilder, George Williams, Charles A. Loom Fixer. Williams, John A. Second Overseer. Wilson, L. P. PITTSFIELD. Adams, D. B. a Aiken, Edward J. Tailor. Bartlett, A. W. Lawyer. Bu/./.'ll, J. C. Cashman, John C. Editor. Cram, Chas. T. F'armer. Cram, Frank E. Brick Maker. Drake, N. S. Expressman. Fosb, Jeremiah C. Carpenter. Elliot. P. S. F'oss & VVablron Grain Dealers. Foster, D. K. Teacher. Ferrin, Charles E. French, John C. Agent. Muchmore, D. L. Page, A. L. Machinist. Saltmarsh, 0. C. Sanborn, J. B. Painter, Shaw, William Farmer. Smith, John Tibbetts, Miles B. Tibbetts, W. H. Mail Carrier. True, Porter C. F'armer. Tucker, John M. Tuttle, Hiram A. Mechanic. Merchant. Wadsworth, A. B. Carpenter. Webster, C. H. PORTSMOUTH. Alden, W. H.,D. D. Clergyman. Alton, William Grocer and Provisions. Akerman, Joseph D. Store. Bailey, John H. Merchant. Balch, E. H. Stable Keeper. Barnard, ,1. G. Sash and Blinds. Barris, Mrs. B. Beachman, R. H. Stable Keeper. Ar Showe, Johu Tea W. Publisher. Flour and Grain. Joiner. Buflord, M. City Clerk. Butler, James D. Lawyer. Burleigh, J. B. Picture Frames. Buzzell, H. B. &, Son Books and Stationery. Call, Thomas E. Caswell, J. W. Fish Dealer. Brewster, Lewis Brooks, J. & Co.' Brown, F. S. Charlesworth, Eml. Confectionery and Oyster Saloon, Cor. Bridge and Congress Streets. Clark, George W. Stoves and House Furuisuing Goods. Clark, H. M. Coffin, Edward Coleman, D. Painter. Merchant. J. L. D. Curtis, Beuj. W. Physician. Curtis, Joseph R. 61, Pleasant Street. Dearborn, F. E. Hats, Caps and Furs. Donaldson, S. J. Physician. Dixon, Charles H. Carpenter. Dixon, John Downs, Wm. & Eldredge, M. Son Grocers. Brewer. W. Carriage Maker. Elwyn, John Elliot, S. Elwyn, R. A. Clergyman. Emery, George T. Miller, North Mills. Fernald, A. A. Lumber Dealer. Feruald, A. R. H. Paymaster, Kearsarge Miils. Flint, Edward Folsom, Chaning Teacher. James Hiller Book Seller. S. H. Lawyer. F'rizzell, John F'rye, Horace Express Agent. F'oster, Frink, J Gates, S. II. Gerrish, J. N. Saloon Keeper. Gilbert, Sylvester Proprietor Liver Lozenges. Goodall.E. B. Dentist. Goodall & Marston Lawyers. Ooodwin, Hon. Ichabod Merchant. John A. Clergyman. Goss, Gould, C. W. Grogan, W. M. Giippy, Geo. W. Saloon Keeper. Publisher. Hackett, W. H. Y. Lawyer. Hall, George W. Billiard Hall. Hall, J. P., M. D. Physician. Ham, J. E. & Co. Merchant Tailors. Hanson, Geo. E. Druggist. Hardy, A. C. Clergyman. Harriman, George L. Stone Cutter. Barman, L. L. Clergyman. Hartnett, Richard Joiner and carriages. Hegamen, Jos. Foreman Browery. Hodgdon, George D. Lawyer. Hooper, Samuel G. Grocer. �NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. Howard, A. F. Collector. Hoyt, Martin Barber. Huntress, Geo. M. Carriage Manufacturer. IUsley, Wingate Insurance Agent. Jenkins, D. E. Joiner. Johnson, L. A. Dentist. Jones, Frank Brewer & Malster. Keeef, P. J. Cooper. Kimball. R. P. Cashier First Nat. Bank. Ladd. A. H. Merchant. Laighton, L. M. Lang, Dennis. Locke, Woodbury Stable Keeper. Lomhard, Henry Saloon Keeper. Sea View House, Rye Lougee, George G. Beach. Tailor and Agent L. E. Mallsbender, John Laritz veg. Wool Manf r & Preparation. Manson, Herman. House Painter. Marcy, Hon. Daniel Commercial man. Marden, Gee A. Marden, Levi W. Painter. Marsh, George M. Marston & Fernald. Publishers. Martin, W. K. Mast Maker. Marvin, X. E. 0. City Mayor. Mc Donough, Richard Painter. Melcher, G. F. Jeweler. Miller, Israel P. Editor. Mills, John S. Saloon Keeper. Mills, S. U. Carriage Builder. Mitchell, John Saloon Keeper. Moat, W. J. Morre, John Tinman. Morrison, J. H. Moses, John G. Ship Owner. Moses, John W. Tailor and Draper. Moses, Thos. P. Artist and Music Teacher. Myers, Chas. E. Merchant Tailor. Newton, W. C. Thompson, J. H. Wood and Coal Dealer. Thompson, J. H. & Son Confectiouers. Thompson, Samuel R. Machinist. Thorndike, B. F. Job Printer. Tibbetts, J. M. Millinery. Tiffaney & Sou Contractors and Builders of Tiffaney Gas Works. Treadwwll, Samuel P. Cabinet Maker. Trefethen, Andrew J. Hair Dresser. Tucker, S. A Carnage and Wood Worker. Vaughau, D. J. U. S. Pension Agent. Walden, Richard Grocer. Walkler, Wm. P. Merchant Tailor. Ward, Wm. Ward well. Distiller. Groceries and Provisions. T. Wendell, Henry F. Auctioneer and Appr. West, E. B. Whitehouse, George T. Saloon Keeper. Whitteer, S. C. M. D. Physician. Horse Shoers. Wiirgin, Thomas & Son Wilson, Andrew Hackle Maker. Winbarton, H. A. Foreman Distiller. Woodman, S. B. Rockingham House. Woods, Charles RAYMOND. Fernanda E. Shoemaker. Frank G. Landlord. Gordon Candy. Mrs. Joseph Candy. Blake, Wm. B. Merchant. Brown, John D. Miller. Fullington. Joseph Clergyman. Fiske, Joseph W. Farmer. Green, William B. Shoemaker. Harriman, S. W. Farmer. Higley, Hayden Merchant. Bean, Bean, Bean, Bean, W. Blacksmith. D. Shoe Manufacturer. F'remont Shoemaker. Pecker, Geo. A. Landlord. Ladd, Ladd, J. Wm. Littlefieli, Grocer. Grocer. Norton, James Norton, C. A. Homeopathic Physician. Nutter, Wm. H. City Farm. Owen, Eleazar Clergyman. Oxford & Johnson Grocers. Parsons, J. W., M. D. Physician. Peirce, Albert 8. Rockingham House. Peirce, D. H. Peirce. E. G., Jr. Postmaster. Pendexter, Oeo. W. Builder. Perry, Cooledge Plummer, Cyrus Baker. Rand, A. H. HI. Market 663 St. Randall, R. L. Fish Dealer. Rice, B. F. Shipsmith. Rix, A. W. Machinist. Rix, George L. Roberts, Richard Eldredge's Brewery. Robinson, C. Merchant. Roche, Edward B. Pedler. Rollins, William H. Lawyer. Rowe, Samuel Merchant. Rugg, James A. Box Manufacturer. Rugg, lvah M. Box Manufacturer. Russell, Wm. F. Grocer. Sanborn, James George Market St. Hotel. Agricultural Implements J. L. Seymore, Ira C. Blacksmith. Sheehan, Thomas J. Grocer. Simpson, Charles E. Merchant Tailor. Slatter, John H. Groceries, Boots and Shoes. Smith, Lewis E. Teacher. Smith, Geo. W. Sowesby, Jane W. Baker. Scott, Seavey, ROLLINSFORD. Beedle, Rufus Painter. Cheney, Charles Farm r. Cook, John R. R. Service. Dame, H. C. Farmer. Decatur, Samuel H. Farmer. Garvin, James H. Farmer. Garvin, Wm. R. Farmer. Guppy, Wm. H. Farmer. Ham, Morris Farmer. Ham, Samuel Farmer. Pinkham, Mary E. Aaron Farmer. Roberts, Roberts, Roberts, Roberts, Farmer. Farmer. Farmer and Ex-Judge. Rollins, Joshua U. Carpenter. Rollins, Thomas Farmer. Spencer Alphonzo H. Stackpole. Lorenzo Farmer and Milk Dealer Wentworth, Gustavus Farmer. Wentworth, Seleucus Farmer. Charles C. J. D. H. R. SALMON FALLS. Abbott, Ichabod Moulder. Allen, Charles D. Overseer iu Cloth Room. Bradford, W. P. Carpenter. Converse, Joshua Agent of Manufg Co. Cunningham, Hugh Moulder. Duffy, Luke Edmonds, Joseph Blacksmith. Farnham, Edw. P. Carpenter. Stevens, A. P., D. D. S. Dentist. Stott, John W. Grocer. Taylor, George Oyster Saloon. Fernald, R. C. Grocer. Ham, W. A. Butcher. Herbert, William Clergyman. Horr, W. H. Physician. Lin-cott, J. B. Painter. Thatcher, J. H. Morton, Albert Mechanic. �NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. 66± W. H. Cash. Salmon Falls Bank. Pinkhaiu. Leonard II. Butcher. Wheeler, Isaiah Whitcouib, James 0. Russell, Luke R. Machinist. Speed, C. D. Machinist. Stevens, Edw. A. Foreman Iron Wilkinson, F. B. Barber. Willey, J. P. Machinist. Woodward, James TILTON. Brown, B. W. Lumber Dealer. Cass, W. T. Iona Savings Bank. Cate, Asa P. (Nortbtield,) Judge of Gilmore, John L. Book-keeper. Morton, Foundry. SONAPEE. Abbott, A. S. Harne Maker. Angell, C. B. Farmer. Angell, John Farmer. Batchelder, H. Station Agent. Chase, James A. Sawyer. Colburn, Lyman Farmer. Eastman, H. P. Hame Maker. Emery. D. F. Lumber Dealer. Emery, S. F. Farmer. Emory, C. II. Hame Maker. Hurd, J. B. Farmer. Hurd, S. F. Farmer. Osboru, G. A. Hame Maker. Osborn. 0. 0. Hame Maker. Page, Frank Clothes Pin Maker. Piper, John Hame Maker. Sargeant, M. G. Farmer. Smith, James B. Painter and Furniture Whitker, G. Farmer. Young, Abiather Peg Manuf'r. Young, Wm. Farmer. P. Lord, A. C. Jeweler. Noyes, J. B. Manufacturer. Perkins, J. L. Thorpe Tilton Druggists. Towns, T. M. Manufacturer. Wardwell, P. G. Physician. Blaisdell, Moses S. Pratt, H. L. Cotton Manufacturer. Pratt, Theo. 0. Clergyman. Taylor, J. F. Trader. <fe WARNER. Adams, Henry G. Mechanic. Andrews, John M. Farmer. Andrews, Joseph P. Farmer. D'lr. SUTTON. Lumber Dealer. Blauchard, Samuel Brownsou, Austin S. Physician. Cheney, A. Cheney, Gilbert J. Cressey, A. Dealer in Stoves and Tin Ware. Eastmau, Rev. T. B. Clergyman. Eaton, Geo. C. Farmer. Flint, Calvin Clock and Watch Repairer. Fowler, Charles A. Fuller, Geo. C. Physician. Johnson, Benj. Trader. Hoyt, Wm. C. Painter and Paper Hanger. Marshall, W. H. Wheelwright. Nelson, J. A. Nye, Newell J. Harness Maker. Page, Enoch Farmer. Peaslee, James M. Peaslee, Isaac Clergyman. Pillsbury, Benj. P. Prescott, James D. Farmer. Simley, James R. Physician. Wadleigh, Thomas Farmer. Watkins. Jason II. Farmer. Wells. Elliott Farmer. Wheeler, Leonard Farmer. TEMPLE. Bacon, Wm. P. Brown. Nathan A. Burton, James E. t'hilds, Nathan Dillon, Thomas L. Durgin. Thomas Edwards, S. W. Farrar, Barnard Farrar, Danforth Fisk, Jeremiah Fisk, M. H. GiddiiiL's, John Giddings, Isaac Jr. Haywood, Charles P. Hidden, L. Howard, Artemus M. Kendall, Charles 0. Mansfield, Solon Sheldon, Nathan H. Watson, Charles Bartlett Bros., Excelsior Manuf'rs. Bartlett, Frank Farmer. Bartlett, Nathaniel C. F'armer. Bartlett, 0. H. P. Mechanic. Belknap. Hamlet Clerk in Hotel. Benton, C. A. Tailor. Watson, Blaisdell H. Box Manufacturers, Lumber Dealers. and Buswell, H. Postmaster. Brown, W. A. Carpenter. Burbank. David S. Farmer. Burrell, Warren A. Mechanic. Carroll, A. C. Merchant Clark, A. A. Mechanic. Clement, L. J. Farmer. Clough, Reuben Farmer. Colby, Charles H. Farmer. Colby, Fred Myron Student. Colby, Samuel F'armer. Cole, E. C. High School Teacher. Collins, Lemuel W. F'armer. Davis, A. P Sheriff and Insurance Agent. Davis, E. H. Machinist. Davis, Henry H. Farmer. Davis, Lawrence E. Farmer. Davis & Sawyer, Farmers and Grocers. Davis, W. M. W. Speculator Dow, Mrs. S. H. Dowlin, J. H. Farmer. Dunbar, M. & W. C. Farmers. Edmunds, S. A. Ela, James G. Merchant. Ewins, John H. F.rmer. George, John Attorney at Law. George, John 2d Teacher. Graves, F. W. Physician. Hardy, Bartlett Farmer. Ilarrimau, A. W. Farmer. Harriman, II. H. Engineer. Hemphill, George A. Carpenter. Hutchinson, Obadiah Farmer. Mc Dole, David F'armer. Morgan, John II. F'armer. Morrill, J. H. Osgood, John Jeweler. Shoemaker. Pierce, Daniel Mechanic. Paige, James D. Mechanic. Palmer, E. W. Shoemaker. Pattee, S. 0. F'armer. Quimby, G. F. Rand, George Mechanic. Reddington, C. W. Mechanic. Rix, J. M. Physician. Robertson, J. E. Rogers, John Jr. Mechanic. Rogers, J. S. Harness Maker. Sargent, A. W. �NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. Sargent, Frank M. Farmer. Savory, George Farmer. Savory, Wm. D. Farmer. Sawyer, Charles P. Farmer. Scobey, Mrs. Rosella Smith, Charley W. Mechanic. Stevens, H. C. Farmer. Turner, F B. Blacksmith. Wadleigh, James A. Mechanic. Watson, George Carpenter. Watson, Humphrey S. Wheeler, M. D. Blacksmith. Whitcomb, Clark Mechanic. Willis, Lemuel Clergyman. WASHINGTON. Atwood, Horace Cooper. Bailey, Oilman Farmer. Carr, M. U. Mechanic. Colburn, H. H. Clergyman. Cram. 0. T. Blacksmith. Dole, M. H. Farmer. Dresser, Woodbury Farmer. Fowler, Frank A. Machinist. John H. Mechanic. Gordon. Freeman S. Mechanic. Hadley, Mark M. Merchant. Harthorn, L. Hosiery and Flannels. Hurd, Fred Mechanic. Lull, N. A. Merchant. Frazer, Mcllvien&Son Wood, Sylvester Butchers. Physician. WILTON. Adams, Rev. D. D. Clergyman 2d Congre- gational Church. Ames, Henry Station Agent, B. L. & N. R. R. Rodney, Cabinet Maker. Batchelder, C. M. Farmer. Blanchard, Gardner Breeder of Prime Fowls. Blanchard, Sumner Boot Maker. Bumpus, G.G. Supt. County Farm. Burns, C. H. Lawyer. Clark, Moses Treas. Wilton Savings Bank. Cragin, Daniel Wooden Ware Manuf r. Cram, T. B. R. R. Service. Dascomb, Geo. L. Laborer. Ball, Dascomb, Joseph Farmer. Emerson, H. L. Carpenter. Emerson, Wm. Carpenter. Epps, Henry D. Express Messenger. Fitch, A. P. Druggist. Foster, Waldo, Farmer. H.llahan, P. Catholic Priest. Haselton, Charles Mason. Holt, Henry A. Desk Manufacturer. Jaques, Alfred E. Merchant. Livermore, H. H. Lynch, Edward Stable Keeper Whiting House. May, Charles P. 0. Farmer. Mc Oregor, John A. Mc Kay. John S. Merchant. Parkhurst, George Farmer. Peavey. F. M. Dentist. Preston, Samuel A. Procter, D. E. Merchant. Putnam, P. H. Furniture Manufacturer. Neville, Geo. S. Savage, Wm. J. Wm. E. Putnam, Ridout, 665 Cabinet Maker. Undertaker. Russel, Tlieron Tarbell, Charles L. Merchant. Whiting, H. A. Milk, Grain and Abbott, H. Albee, Ellery Atherton, Samnel Bemis, Charles S. Bryant, M. D. Buffom, S. W. Burnap, James T. Chandler, Wm. Colburn, Wm. P. Colony, J. C. Colt, A. C. Currier, John Dickerson, Capt. Ansel Felch, Wm. L. R. Forbes, E. M. Fosgate, W. Barrett Guernsey, W. H. Harmon, E. Holeman, J. 0. Howard, A. M. Lewis, Wm. H. Lyman, Henry Maxfield, A. L. Morse, S. M. Pierce, H. Pratt, Charles Pratt, H. M. Pratt, H. W. Sabin, D. T. W. Shampuey. Fred E. Shrigley, Wm. Stearn, D. C. Stevens, N. E. Stimpson, Edw. F. Swain, D. S. Swan, H. B. Taft, H. A. Town, Henry A. Turner, A. B. Wilson, R. R. Woodbury, Andrew Woodbury, A. B. DORCHESTER. Musician. Blodgett, Eben J. Farmer. Blodgett, Franklin Farmer. Blodgett, John S. Farmer. Blaisdell, Pettingill Bowen, Warren W. Farmer. Brooks, John W. Farmer. Clough, Cliarles Farmer. Follansbee, George Farmer. Hopkins, Eldbridge Carpenter. Leavitt, Albert Farmer. Norris, Benj. R. Farmer. Norris, John A. Norris. Ira B. Farmer. Merrill, John A. Farmer. Reed, E. R. Farmer. Wheeler, Amos P. Farmer. Woodward, Henry H. Civil Engineer. MISCELLANEOUS NAMES FROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES. Mc Daniels, Chas., Farmer, W. Thomas, Merchant, Athol. Hastings, Lyman B., Mechanic, Athol. Duuckley, Henry H., Proprietor Hotel, Greenfield. Fairbanks, Chester, Machinist, Lebanon. Missou, John T Carpenter, Lebanon. Bean, Henry A., Farmer, Lebanon. Eastman, Edward, Mason, E. Lebanon. , Lumber. WINCHESTER. Springfield. Pickering, C. H., Conductor B., L., & N. R. R., Boston. Little, N. & Co., Blank Book Manufacturers, Boston. Parker, James, Ex. Messenger, Cambridgeport, Mass. Shirland, W. E., New York City �eee NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. Streeter, G. W., Esq., 63 Wall St. N. Y. City. Parmelee, J. W., New York City. Parmelee, Ezra. Physician, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y. Johnson, G. W., Attorney at Law. Gosport, N. Y. Clement, E. B., Paper Maker, Ashland, N. H. Mason, C. P., Buda, N. Y. Odel, J. W., M. D., Greenland. Junkins, N. 0., Physician, Greenland. Stone, Ed. B., Worcester. Marshall, John, Engraver, Boston. Atkinson, Benj., Merchant, Plymouth, N. H. Avery, J. £.. Farmer, Plymouth. Moulton, C. C, Artist, Plymouth. Yeaton, J. S.. Farmer. Plymouth. Jackman, G. W\, Hotel, Haverhill, N. H. Gale, F. B., Haverhill, N. H. George, J. W., Haverhill. Hutchinson, Z. N.. Haverhill. Metcalf, P.. Haverhill. Merrill, Henry, Haverhill. Smith, C. G.. Proprietor Hotel, Haverhill. Swazey, N.M., Haverhill. Weeks", C. W., Haverhill. Putnam, G. P., Attorney at Law, Warren. Hackmer, John, Sandwich. Drake, Beth 0., Sandwich. Given, L., Kev., Meredith Tillage. Ladd, S. A., Meredith Village. Leavitt, L. R., Teacher, Meredith. Richardson, Edward, Hancock. Barker, E. B., Merchant, Franconia. Richardson, R. E., Lumber Dealer, Bethel. Brown, Thomas W., Clergyman, Dover. Horton, Charles Book-keeper, Dover. Spalding, G. B., Clergyman, Dover. Wyatt, Oliver, Merchant, Dover. Foster, George M., Printer, Dover. Malvern, L., Clergyman, Dover Thurston, James, Clergyman, Dover. Stewart, J. T., Clergyman, Dover. Chamberlain, G. W., Attorney at Law, Dover. Libbey, J. T. 0., Publisher, Dover. Couch, H. H., Farmer, Salisbury. Paige, C. A., Farmer, Salisbury. Gilman, G. W., Farmer, Salisbury. Walker, J. H., Farmer, Wilmot Flat. Til ton, N. H., Tanner, Wilmot Flat. Pierce, Charles W., Tanner, Wilmot Flat. Pierce, Rufus P., Mechanic, Dublin. Wields, Willard A., Mechanic, Hancock. Melville, J. H., Farmer, Nelson. Atwood, C. C, Merchant, Nelson. Gould, M., Clergyman, Nelson. Atwood, 0. P. & Sons, Clothes Pin Manuf rs, Nelson. Morse, Jewett, Farmer, Nelson. Taylor, F., Chair Dealer, Munsonville. Burgett, George L., Chairs, Trunks, &c, MunII., Bonville. Kimball, J. L., Canvasser, Nelson. Hersey, Elizabeth Mrs., Bennington. Bryant, Daniel, Litchfield. S., Litchfield. Hill, A. G., Litchfield. Daniel, S. �ADDITIONAL NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. ACWORTH. CANDIA. Barnard, L. P. ANDOVER. # "White, C. J. Farmer. ANDOVER CENTRE. Chase, H. J. „ „ Chase, N. S. At Peg Manufactory. Cochran, C. A. „ „ foster, Jacob, R. Peg Manufacturer. Moody, M. G. Tinman. Morgan, G. A. Manufacturer. • Morrill, C. A. Mechanic. Palmer, Leonard, Farmer. Procter, John, Woodbury, G. W. Mechanic. Woodbury, Wm. D. Carpenter. ANTRIM. W. Adams, James Cle.-g\ man. Bachelder, James R. Carponter. Brown, John A. Farmer. Brown, Frank P. Buswell, S. Augustine Shoemaker. Gate, John W. Farmer and Lumber Dealer. Dearborn, George J. Dolber, Mrs. M. .*. Teacher. Dudley, Woodbury J. Merchant. Edgerly, Andrew J. Farmer. Emerson, D. F. Fisk, Albin W. Dry Goods Dealer. Shoemaker. French, John P. Farmer. Heath, Aaron Shoemaker. Langford, Joseph C. Lothrop, N. C. Clergyman. Lovejoy, <;. E. Clergyman. Marden, John E. Shoemaker. Marden. George W. Farmer. Partridge, William Shoemaker. Patten, A. F'rank Farmer. Patten, Rufus E. Farmer. Insurance Agent. Bass, Eben Farmer and Auctioneer. Brackett, II. T. Farmer. Brooks, Levi II. Stone Mason. Bryer, John R. Blacksmith. Carr, W. K. Farmer. Carr, Wm. R. Farmer. Christie, Morris Physician. Cochran, Warren R. Clergyman. Dodge, Brothers Furniture Manufacturers. Duncan, John M. Builder. Dustin. B. F. Farmer. Farmer. J. H. Watson, Joseph Stone Mason. Weeks, Geo. Forrest Clergyman. Wentworth, Samuel G. Farmer. Willey, George W. Shoemaker. Trader. Gilmore, W. II. Wheelwright. Man'fr. of Cutlery Goodell, D. H. Currier, Albert L. Baker, E. Reynolds, Wm. 0. Shoemaker. Kobinson, George F. Union Hotel. Smith, Levi D. Shoemaker. Farmer and Lumber Dealer. Trnell. Asa T. Trussell, Warren M. Stone Cutter. Wason, Fairfield, A. CHESTER. & Apple Parers. Hadley, John S. Farmer. Ilerrick, N. B. Farmer. Holmes, Ira Farmer. Loveren, Josiah Lumber Dealer. Parmenter, O. F. Farmer. Bwett, Daniel Farmer. Tuttle. Wm. N. Mason. Whittemore, Reede P. Farmer. AUBURN. Sanborn, H. C. Farmer. BENNINGTON. W. Manufacturer. W. S. Contractor. Burns, G. Carkin. Hotel Keeper. Cheney, Luther, Dodge, J. C. Farmer. Eaton, William. Carpenter. Felch, Benj. D. Farmer. Gilmore, Wm. H. Wheelwright. Griswold, Geo. P. Butcher. Mechanic. Ilackett, Michael. Holmes, James. Clergyman. Holt, Henry D. Mechanic. Farmer. CONCORD. Abbott, Downing Co. Carriage M'frs., 2 copies. Abbott. J. H. Abbott, F. D. Clerk. Adams, C. G. Dealer in Ales. Adams, G. H. Dealer in Ales wholesale. Allen, D. C. Machinist. — Asvlum for the Insane. Bailey, E. C. Editor. Dalian & Curtice, Man'frs Organs Batchelder^J. T. Grocer. Biddle, B. Depot Restaurant. & Melodeons Blanchard, J. S. Dry Goods. Blauchard, G. S. Attorney at Law. Blanchard, Geo. A. Blauchard Churn. Boynton, C. M. Clerk. Grocer. Butterfield, Sam. Call, Horace Dealer in Lumber. Carroll, L. II. Dining Rooms. Carter, S. Ion State Treasurer. Carter, Andrew B. Grocer. Carter, Oren T. Grocer. Chase, J. II. Clifford, J. E. Stoves and Tinware. Boots and Shoes. �NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. 668 Clough, Coffin, Wm. A. CONTOOCOOK. Book-keeper. Frank Wholesale Flour Dealer. John City Marshal, Connell, Corning, Charles II., Law Student, Concord. Corning, II. Ilair Dresser. Crockett, Geo. W. Confectioner. Crocker, J. R. Prop. Phoenix Hotel. Crowell, Robert T. Druggist. Cumniings Geo. A. Marble Worker. Duilge, Howard A. Wholesale Hardware Deal. W Dow, . C0NT0C00KVILLB. Hardon, Rev. Charles. Jeweller. C. J. DEERFIELD. Downing. A. Carriage Manufr. Drew, A. E. Clergyman. Durgin, Brown, 0. W. Carpenter. Dustin, Mark G. Commercial Agent. Gray, Geo. A. Merchant. Osborn, A. J. Carpenter. Seavey, Daniel Carpenter. W. B. Silver Chase, Alden B. Blacksmith. Chase, Wm. F. Farmer. Ware ManuPr, Dutton, J S. Prop. Elm House. Eastman, Chas. S. Druggist. Eastman, E. C. Books and Stationery. Cram, Edgerly, J. W. & Co. Grocers. Emery, Geo. H. '-Concord Harness." Danforth, Dea. Farley, <ieo. B. Marble Worker. Ferrin, II. L. Grocer. Hill, John Geo. Merchant II. W. Hoit, J. Frank Tailor. Clerk. Grocer. Humphrey, Moses Kit Manufacturer. Hutchins, Abel Wholesale Flour Dealer. Johnson, J. D. Harnesses and Trunks. Jones, Seth K. Jones, D. B. Millinery Goods. Jones, A. G. Farmer. Kilburn, Mrs. E. G. Kimball, John Mayor. Kimball, W. G. C. Photographer. Knight, Jeweller. Knee, E. J. Hair Dresser. Ladd, W. D. Iron Dealer. Lang, T. M., 2d. Clerk in Pension Office, Lock, J. 8. Mayers, R. Merrill, J. ball, D. IS. Billiard - Rooms. Livery Stable. Bros. Clothing. v lb. we Machine Co. By R. Ramedell, General Agent, 161 Maine St., State office the Elias Howe Sewing Machine. Tilton, C. F. Picture Frames. Todd, Geo, B. Bnpt of Northern R. R. of Underbill, F. B. Dry Goods. Merchant Tailor. Upton, J. H. Walker, Gost. Wholesale Hardware Dealer. W lute, Nathaniel U. S. & Canada Express. White John If. Prop. Eagle Hotel. M bit, her, B. 0. Wholesale Flour and Grain. Young, Geo. B. Iron Fence. Dpham, W. Civil Engineer." • Mechanics. Mill. F"armer. Farmer. Undertaker. Prescott, S. jr. Farmer. Prescott, George P. Farmer. Robinson, Gilbert Farmer & Dining Rooms. Owen, Frank Dealer in Wines, &c. Prescott, A. J. Organ Manufacturer. Prescott, E. P. Wholesale Flour and Grain. Robinson, A. U. Physician. Saflbrd, H. G. Clergyman. B oborn, Chas. P. Attorney at Law. Sargent, Frank A. Piano Maker. Bhaw, W. D. Hats and Clothing. Shaw, J. D. Artist. Sinclair, H. M. Eating Rooms. Shirley, John M. State Reporter. Stevens, Frank M. Dealer in Wines, 4c. Stewart, T. W. Merchant Tailor. The W. Merchant. Drew, Rufus Farmer. Fifleld, H. L. Shoemaker. Fogg, Franklin Farmer. Freese, Wm. G. Farmer. Furnald, D. S. Farmer. Gerrish, B. & E. F. Shoemakers. Giles, C. N. Farmer. Haines, Samuel G. Farmer. Hoag, Joseph Farmer. Hoitt, Horace M. Shoemaker. James, C. L. Farmer. King, W. E. Music and School Teacher. Ladd, Lewis A. Insurance Agent. Ladd, David B.« Farmer. Morrison, Isaac H. Farmer. Moulton, Daniel I'. Farmer and Cooper. Norris, L. B. Moore. Chas. P. Moore, James & Sons, Wholesale Hardware. Moore, II. P. Silver Types. Murphy, Eugene 0. Harness Maker. National State Capitol Bank. New Geo. S. C. Osgood, J. S. Prei-cott, J. F. Wood, Coal and Ice. Dry Goods. S. Carriage Manufr. Norton, W. K. Noyes, George W. & Dow, John A. Portable Steam Saw Fogg, Geo. G. Ford & Kimball, Iron Foundry. Groves, W. H. F. Gold and Silver Engraver. Hadley, Amos Supt. Pub. Sch. in Concord. Hill, Music Teacher and Agent. J. C, Currier, T. Lumber Dealer. Robinson, J. J. Farmer. Robinson, Simeon A. Farmer. Rogers, A., Deerfield & Danville Shooks. Ring, I. & E. S. Shoemakers. Sanborn, T. W. Mason. Sanborn, B. J. Merchant. Sanborn, R. J. Farmer. Shore, William Blacksmith. Smith, J. S Farmer. Stevens, Daniel M. Farmer. Stone, Joseph Mechanic. Stearns, John Thompson, Wm. Tilton, II. J. Towle, G. H. Lumber G. Tucker, Chas. C. Lumber and Dealer. Farmer and Lumber Dealer. Farmer. Farmer. jr. Physician. M. V. B. Farmer and Lumber Dealer. Walker, H. C. Clergyman. Whittier, Addison S. Farmer. Whittier, Daniel L. Farmer. Tilton, DEERING. Chase, Dennis R. Farmer. Codman, Mendal, Farmer. Cressey, Horace B. Farmer. Dow, E. C. Blacksmith. Kll is, John E. Carpenter. Ellinwood, James S. Farmer. Gilmore, Frank, B. Farmer. Wm. II. Wheelwright. Gove, Joseph N. Farmer. Gove, J. G. Carriage Manufacturer. Goodall. Lewis, Attorney at Law. BUI, Gilbert P. Shoe Maker Holton, Edwin C. Student. Loveren, Warren, Farmer. Morrill, J. G. Farmer. Muzzey, Ervin D. Farmer. Giltnore, �NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. Putney, Almon, Farmer. Sears, Geo. H. Farmer. Clergyman. S. C. Morrill, J. J. Farmer. Sanborn, C. A. Smith, J. P. Thompson, W. Le. Kimball, Smith, Isaac, Farmer. Varney, Albert L. Student. Whitaker, Hiram H. Farmer. DORCHESTER. GILMANTON. Burnham, Nathaniel, Farmer. Burpee, Marshall, Farmer. Cheever. Sam'l, Farmer. Fitts, John M. Merchant. Reed, Hiram, Farmer. Streeter, L. M. Farmer. Allen, L. B. Teacher in Penmanship. Blake, Joseph. Clergyman. Brown, Joseph. Merchant. Buswell, Samuel, Farmer. Farmer and Lumber EAST ANDOVER. Durgan, Clark. Mechanic. Emery, E. (1. Fanner. Hersey, F. G. Lumberman and Farmer. Kilborn, Henry W. Farmer. Moody, Rev. II. Clergyman. Severance, T. Farmer. Farmer. Newell, Albert N. Farmer. Noose, John B. Insurance Agent. Page, AsaT. Farmer. Page, Luther E. Peasley, Henry W. Peasley, Zaccheus. Farmer. Potter, Thomas G. F'armer Ross, George W. Undertaker and Painter. Sanborn, Alvan E. Student. Sanborn, G. W. Farmer. Smith, A. A. Blacksmith. Bean, John P. Farmer. Bussell, Samuel, Farmer. FRANCESTOWN. Barrett, Cyrus A. Wheelwright. Belcher, Lyman, Blacksmith. Bradford, T. B. Merchant. Bank Treasurer. Bryant, Chas. P. Farmer. Campbell, II. F. Clergyman. Cochran, R. 0. Farmer. Cochran, Win. Farmer. Colburn, James L. Trader's Clerk. Downes, S. D. Trader. Dunklee, F. II. Miller. Duncklee, Geo. A. Farmer. Eaton, Sam. W. Farmer. Emerson. K. W. Farmer. Epps, Geo. D. Blacksmith. Farnuin, W. H. Hotel Keeper. Fisher, Moses B. Farmer. Farmer. Hill, Edmund N. Holt, Stephen, Farmer. Joslyn, Samuel 0. Farmer. Langdell. Elzaphan, Farmer. Lord, Wm. A. Farmer. Manahan, Horace M. Miller. Morse, John G. Farmer. Patch, Hiram, Farmer. Farmer. Pettee, Geo. F. Roper, E. F. Machinist. Simpson, Henry Y. Physician. Taylor, T. E. Teamster. Wilson, Chas. E. Student. Woodward, Abner B. Farmer. Varney, Edwin. Merchant. Wright, Nahum. Physician. GREENFIELD. Blanchard, Henry W. Farmer. Brooks, John S. Butcher. Dunklee, Henry II. Hotel Keeper. Farrington, Isaac, Farmer. Hopkins Bros. Lumber and Grain Dealers. Peavev, Geo. S. Cattle Dealer. Partridge. S. II. Phyiscian ami Clergyman. Wallace, Chas. D. Shoemaker, GROTON HANCOCK. « FRANCONIA. Davis, Noah Barber, Alfred, Gardener. Carlton, J. Carpenter. Dane, John B. Stage Agent. Davis, Joseph, Farmer. Hill. John P. Little, J. L. Farmer. Farmer. Matthews, Samuel, Farmer. Nesmith, Jonathan, Farmer. Patten David, Hotel Keeper. HENNIKER. Clement, Edwin B. Eastman, Geo. A. Wood, Geo. D. V. B. Farmer. HOOKSET. Docham, J. N. W. Paper Maker. Farmer. HILLSBOROUGH. Farmer. GILFORD VILLAGE. Eaton, Tanner and Currier. Foster, A.J. L. Sanbon, Alvah 0. Farmer. Swett, George L. Parker, E. B., Merchant, Franconia. GILFORD. Gilmanton Academy. Library. Haynes, Wm. & Son. Rake Manufacturers. Hill, Charles W. Farmer. Hill, J. P., Farmer. Hutchinson, F. Watches and Clocks. Jenkins, Lewis. Farmer. Jones, John W. Blacksmith. Lougee, Stephen G. Former. Marsh, J. & E. Propr's. Washington House. Merrill, Chas. E. EAST WILMOT. Bixby, Thomas E. Farmer. French, Warren B. Alley, J. Farmer. Bussitt, H.M. Mechanic. Durgan, F B. Mechanic. Stevens, Sylvester. Augusta E. Colcord, Richard R. Shoe workman. Collins, 0. F. & F. T. Connell, John. Merchant. Edgerly, Etta M. Teacher. Foss, Alvah. Farmer, Farmer. i'rench, Merwin E. Collin, DOVER. Prescott, Capt. Sam'l Dealer. 669 Hunter H. Gile, Benj. J. Harness Maker. �NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. 670 Gifford, 0. G. Gordon, W. O. Hanson, R. R. Saw Mill. Saw Mill. Haselton, George W. Jones, Walter. Jordou, James. Nutting, Elien H. Peaslee, Daniel W. Carpenter. Reumley, Albert. LACONIA. Blaisdell, W. M. Farmer. Bla sdell, John C. Farmer. BlaisdelL Wm. P. Greene, E C. Carpenter and Builder. Johnson, Charles H. Blacksmith. Lougee, Curtis J. Painter. Richardson, Chas. F. Farmer. Robinson, Prank I. Farmer. Robinson, John II. Farmer. Sanborn, Jacob Farmer. Webster, Jacob G. Whittier, Moses J. Carriage Maker. Woodman, Ella. LACONIA TILLAGE. Attorney at Law. Croggan Andrew. Dow, Fred. Spinner. Copp, Gustavus A. Elkins, C. II. Baker. Frye, Joseph F. Carpenter. Fullerton, C. H. Druggist. Gilman, David. Gove, Mary J. Jewett, Samuel. Oram, Charles E. Machinist. Paige, Asa F. Painter. Pearson, II. C. Spinner. Taylor, Fred. Spinner. Weeks, G. W., of Weeks Bros. II. Dry Goods. Machinist. Merchant. Aldricl), I. M. Merchant. Appleton. William Jr. Hosiery. Bailey, Mrs. Sarah J. Baker, T. D. Berry & Merrill. Bowler, Thomas. Brown, C. F. Merchant. Brown, Levi 13. Stable Keeper. Bugbee, II. 0. Merchant. Bnrnham, W. I. Moulder. Buzzell,G. M. Hair Dresser. Clark. J. II. Clergyman. Clark, S. C. Attorney at Law. M Machinist. Treas. Cole Mannf g Co. Cole, 15. J. Cole, Kimball Moulder. Cole, S. B. Capt. Steamer, Co'ik, J. Cox, I>. M. W. S. M. "Stocking Trimmer." S.inboru, David. Aldrich, Johsi E. Hoit, Houston, W. G. Barber. Huntress, N. C. At J. Pepper's Mill. Jewell, B. F. Merchant. Kennedy, Geo. L. Frame work Knitter. " Kennedy, Robert Leavett. Christopher Overseer in Appleton's Hosiery Mills. Leavett, James Knitting. Lougee. Frank W. Blacksmith. Mitchel, R. W. Conductor. Moore, J. C. Physician. Morse, Lizzie. Moulton. 0. M. Machinist. Murphy, M. T. Overseer at Pepper's Mill. Oakes, Simeon S. Machinist. Odell, J.L. Druggist. Olin, J. T. Iron Melter. Ryan, Edward Ryder, C. M. Adams, Williams Clough, Gerald, Laura. Gilman, Mrs. Abbie M. Gordon, J. E. Gray, John Farmer. Hall, K. S. Clergyman. Haynes, A. C. Conductor on R. R. Cars. Haynes, M. A. Editor of Lake Village Times. Hendley. John B. Merchant. Hodgdon. Sam. Hosiery Manuf r. Machinist. Peaslee, B. F. Pepper, John Hosiery Manufr. Pepper, W. H. Machinist. Robie, C. D. & Co. Merchants. Rublee, II. F. Blacksmith. LAKE VILLAGE. Abel, William Chief Engineer on Steamer Folsom, Josiah " Ladv of the Lake." Foss, D. B. George, Otis Carder at J. Pepper's Mill. "Lady of the Lake." Wheelwright and Machinist. Machinist. Carrier, J. E. Blacksmith. dishing, R. B. Dentist. Dames, Dorethy. Daniels, J. F. Latch Needle Mauufr. Darke. D.G. Davis, John. Dearborn, John n. Printer. Dearborn, R. EL Railroad Employee. Dodge, M. E. Sanborn. Machinist. Shackford, N. Sheeper, Chas. M. Farmer. Shute, Fannie D. Simnuns, H. Bleacher. Simpson. James A. Mechanic. Smith, A. V. Moulder. Smith, Ruins. Sprey, John Stocking Trimmer. Steele, Joseph. Story, D. B. Belknap House. Sturtevant, George Teamster. Swain, John II. Clerk in Drug store. Swazy, H. W. Job Teaming and Wood dealer Taylor, Miles Station Agent. Taylor, 0. C. Carder. Tilton, Bettie. Tucker, Arthur Machinist. Ward, E D. Photographer. WardweUl C. P. S. Needle ManuPr. Webster, John. Wheeler, E. H. Railroad. Whittier, J. P. Traveling Salesman. Whitten, S. Needle Manufr. Whitman, F. C. Railroad Shop. Whitting, Annie S. Wilcomb, Edgar Wilder. Geo. A. Woodworth, W. II. Merchant, Gen'l Assortment Needle Manufr. E. LEBANON. Donevan, J. G. Durrell,.!. M. Machinist. Barber, Lovell F. Farmer. Barker, Daniel Farmer. Bean, Henry A. Farmer. Bennett, G. Merchant. Benton, C. C. M. R. Car Builder Ellsworth. Fergesou, David Conduct, on Passenger cars Billings, II. S. Farmer. Bixliy, A. Foundry. Blaisdell, Edson U. Farmer. ElkiiiB, �671 NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. English, John AY. Farmer. Farr, Evarts AY. Attorney at Law. Farr, George. Proprietor Oak Hill House. Farr, Nelson C. Merchant. Farr, Noah. Farmer. Mechanic. Bliss, Philetus Farmer. Bliss, II. E. Blodgett, G' orge Farmer. Bowles, W. S. Dentist. Breck, John T. Farmer. Bridgeman, M. C. Auctioneer. Buck, J. H. Farmer. Calley, F. M. Chandler, J. Fisher, H. J. Furniture Dealer. Flanders, Nathaniel. Farmer. Furber, George C. Editor of Republic. Printer. Mechanic. Graham, Editor. Shop * Foundry. Farmer. Dunbar, II. B. Poultry Dealer. Durant. E. J. Merchant. Eastman, Edward Mason. Fairbanks, Chester Machinist. Freeman, C. F. Farmer. Gallop, Mrs. Susan E. Farmer. Gile, A. R. Deming, N. Goodrich, H. P. Stair Builder. Hall, A. A. Prop. Lafayette Hotel. Harvey, H. Heath, E. M. Farmer. Hildrith, C. M. Hardware, Cutlery Farmer. Hatch, 0. C. Holmes, Arial. Lumber Dealer. Hntchins, F. D. Teacher. Kilburn Brothers. Photographers. Lovejoy, Chas. H. Doors. Sash and Blind R. Re-'t., Hotels, etc Marsh, Sylvester. Mclntire, Alex. Lumber Dealer. Farmer. Mills, A. H. Paddleford, P. H. Millwright and Machinist. Parker, D. C. Parker, Ira. Glove Manufacturer. Parker, L. II. Hair Dresser. Parker, Silas & Co. Tanners and Curriers. Printer for Kilburn Bros. Peavey, Jas. 8 Quimby, John C. Farmer. Rand, Jane II. Livery Stable and FarRichardson, Henry. & mer. , Sanborn, L. D. & Co. Furniture Dealers. Sawyer, S. C. Dentist. Stoves. Hoytt, Mary B. Kelsey, H. S. Soap Manafr. Keniston, M. L. Farmer. KeLney, L. P. Farmer. Kecdrick, E. A. Cashier of Bank. Kendrick, F. B. Watch-maker. Knight, E. A. Physician. Lathrop, Geo. H. Farmer. Liscomb, E. P. Postmaster. Mahan, C. B. Machinist. Miller, J. A. Farmer. Miner, John T. Carpenter. Orcutt, Hiram Prin. Tilden Female Seminary. Packard, C. W. Farmer. Lumber Stevens, T. M. Jeweler. Thayer, H. L. Proprietor Thayers Hotel. Towne, H. G. Farmer. AYatson, H. L. Physician. AYeeks, Alonzo. Boot & Shoe Dealer & Mannt AYhitney, F. G. Edge Too! Maker. AYoodward. Edge Tool Maker. Young, Cyrus. Livery Stable. MANCHESTER. Abbott, E.O. Fruit, Confectionery 4 Fancy Goods. Allen & Flanders Civil Engineers. Baldwin, James & Co. Bobbins and Shuttles. Blodgett, AY. C. Carpenter. Dealer. Farmer. Farmer. M. F. Mechanic. Bichardson, Kice, L. M. Farmer. Ross, D. M. Mechanic. Boioe, F. M., Restaurant. Mechanic. Sawyer, Sayer, Frank Livery Stable. Simmons, N. S. Mechanic. Spring, J. L. Attorney at Law. Stone, B. F. Engineer. Stowell, Alfred Mechanic. Templeton, Lucy L. Thomas. Edward Farmer. Truman, Mrs. S. S. ics Denney, & Bisco, Card Clothing Manufaeturers. Mechanics Row. Dinsmore, A. & C. Lumber Dealers and Box Manufacturers. Mechanic. Edgerly, Clarence M. Elm Insurance. 091 Fahey, Patrick Fitzgerald, Martin Marble Worker. Follansbee, H. A. Grocer. Gerrish & Boutwell, Druggists. Haddock, C.F. Shoe Manufacturer. Hardy, E. T. Wholesale Dealer in Confectionery. & Cigars. Heselton, H. AV. Shoemaker. Book Binder, Blank Book Hoitt. Geo. C. Manufacturer and Paper Ruler. Hunkins, A. D. Cigar Dealer. Kennedy, Edwin Clothing. Kinne, M. Ar B. Carpenter & Lumber Dealer Lamso'n & Marden, Granite Workers. . Depot Store. Dealer. Fire Street. Ales, AYines, Ac. Charlton, John M. Farmer. Chase, Chester P. Printer. Cudworth, E. Lumber Dealer. Dodge, Marshall C. Farmer. Dunn, E. D. Contractor and Builder. Lumber Row. Druggist. II. G. Daniels & Co., Hardware. AYm. H. Book Keeper. Darling, Conner, Bailoy, A. E. Barrett. J. J. & AY. G. Insurance Agents. Batchelder, A. S. Law Student. Bingham, Geo. A. Lawyer. Bishop, R. M. Contractor on Railroads. Brooks, Ezra, Jr. Tailor. Bugbee, R. Jr. Physician. C. F. 8 Chandler, P. B., & Co. Clothing Chevalier, J. Aug. Catholic Pastor. Cleworth, John, Reed Manufacturer .Mechan- LITTLETON. Eaton, Charles. Mechanic Buck, AVm. E. Teacher. Cassidy, AY. H. Carpenter and Builder. Abbott, G. F. Druggist. Aldrich, AVatson. Farmer. Allen. Abijah. Farmer. Eastman, Groceries. Druggists. Roll Coverer. Row. AY. B. Enos Co. Bradley, Charles B. P. Weeks, & Boutwell & Gerrish. Sargent, A. AY. AYhite, P. S. Cashier Littleton Nat'l Bank. Clark, Asa Cole, Bugbee & Co. Machine Colby, Lucy A. Con-tantine, M. Farmer. Davis, W. F. Dentist. Pattee, L. C. Perley, M. P. Pierce, F. AY. Machinist. Griggs, Alvin. S. Cheney, E. H. I �672 NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. Lane, John G. Insurance. Plumer's Building Leighton, Geo. A. Machinist. Lowell, A. II. Iron Foundry, Castings of all PETERBORO. Gilligan, Daniel Martin, R. W. Carriage Painter. McCrillis & Son, Carriage Man'frs. Cor. Bridge and Wilson sts. Cody', Boots and Shoes. Messier, Octavius L. Groceries & Provisions. Mooar, John Watches and Jewelry. McDonald & Morrill, N. E. Insurance. 871 Catholic Pastor. O'Brien. J. Elm Glass, Agricultural Tools, Seeds, etc. A. W. Carriage Manu'fr. 1168 Sanborn, st. Shelters & Lewis, Boot & Shoe Dealers. Slayton, E. M. Wholesale Dealer in CountryProd iice, 494 Chesnnt St. Sleeper, & Co. W. F. Grocers & Provision Dealers. Smith. J. A. V. Flier Manufacturer. Mechan Row. Smith. & Co. J. L. Box Manufacturers, Plane ing Mill & Lumber. ie's Dealer in Nuts. Tv.i-s, II. B. VickerA Co II. M. Maufacturers of White Spruce Beer. Ginger Ale & Soda. Watts & Holmes Flour & Grain, wholesale. Weeks, B. B. Druggist. Williams, George G. Merchant Tailor. Globe Block. Wilson, Julius E. Fire Insurance. MASON. Hammond, Farmer. Goodwin, Daniel, Clergyman. Whittaker, George, Fruit Grower. Elliot, J. MEREDITH VILLAGE. Bean, F. T. Clergyman. Burleigh, C. M. Hotel Druggist. Cotton, A vah, Canvasser. I Dow, M. E. Lang, J. M. Merchant. Moulton, II. II. Xorris, Daniel, Undertaker. Rollins, L. W. Stevens, Eben. Thurston, 8. D. Farmer. Wadleigh, Charles, Farmer. Wndleigh, M. L. Farmer, Wadleigh, S. T. Farmer. NEW BOSTON. Butterficld, D. N. Manufacturer of Toy Bureaus, Iron Water Wheels and Machinery. NEWMARKET. Burley, Harrison G. Farmer. Ervin, William Machinist. Haines, ('. p. Batting Manufacturer. Jenncss, Charles V. Pattern Maker. Langlands, William Gardener. Pendergost, Edmund B. Farmer. Senter, N. F. Carriage Maker. Smith, Cyrus G. Farmer. Wiggin, Edwin Wiggins, James F. S. Farmer. Merchant. Weave Room. Dodge, E. B. Lumberman. Eastman, 0. G. Mechanic. Flanders, 0. S. D. Mechanic. Seavey, A. G. Miller. Seavey, James. Mechanic. RAYMOND. Street. Parmelee, J. II. Dentist. Pike & Heald, Ranges, Furnaces, Plumbing. Raymond, Wm. H. Stable Keeper. Robie, John H. Rockwell, A. L. Custom Boots & Shoes. 21 Stark Block. Rogers, William C. Hardware, Paints, Oils, Elm Overseer in POTTER PLACE. kinds. Scribner, John Farmer. Scribner, Charles W. Farmer. RDMNEY. Manfr. of Truss Pads. Abbott Jos. Merchant. Adams S. Carriage & Sleigh Manfr. Ames, G. H. Glove Cutter. Abbott, Daniel, Ames, Frank P. Painter. Atwood, Fre A. Farmer. Avery, S. W. Ladder Mnfr. i D. Hotel Keeper. J. 0. Teamster. Blodgett, S. F. Shoe Workman. Burnham, J. C. Mechanic. Baker. Blake, S. Bnrnham, J. W. Farmer. Farmer. Buzzell, Abial, Buzzell, Fred M. Ladder Manfr. Chapman Chas. C. Ladder Manfr. (base, J. W. Agt. Steam Washer for Grafton County. Colburn, J. A. Farmer. Collins. George W. Craig, B. M. Farmer. Craig, C. C. Blacksmith. Currier, W. P. Farmer. Davis. Jacob, Brick Maker. Doe, O. D. Farmer. Elliot, Climera F. Miss. Teacher. Lumber Mnfr. Elliot' C. H. Lumber Manfr. Elliot. E. H, & Brother, Farnsworth, Miss. Belle C. Teacher. Fifield, Dana, Painter & Glazier. Fletcher, George W. Buck Glove Manfr. Ford, II. R. Painter & Manfr. Caskets & Coffins. French, C. N. Farmer. French, George P. Glove Cutter. French, S. Farmer. George, A. R. Butcher. George, Mrs. Thomas. Gillet, C. Farmer. Greeley, Guy E. Buck Glove Manfr. Hall, A. C. Hall. B. A. Physician. Farmer & Butcher. Hardy, B. P. Manfr. of Wood Handles Ac. Ilavnes, J. H. Farmer. Herbert, C. W. Farmer. Holden, Milton. ) „ . en . „ 011 "' Ho, Holden,Cha S . .A.L |2 2 Spaulding. Q. C. j Cai »P h °r Refiners. Jeffers, E. W. Shoe Workman. Kenniston, D. D Farmer. Keys, Henry, Farmer. Keys, J. P. Bobbin Manfr. Keys, Frank A. Student. Marston, A. R. Farmer. Marstou, A. Farmer. Merrill, Frank H. Ladder Manfr. Merrill, S. E. Lumber Manfr. Morrill, A. R. Machine Broker. Palmer, Chas. C. Ladder Manfr. Pa} ne, Mrs. G. W. Milliner. Pease, Charles, Peppard, J. W. Perkins Mrs. S. Farmer. Manfr. Ladders, Steps, Clipper Sleds, M. Snow Shovels, Ac. �NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. Hoyt, Hiram Person, Abbott W. Teamster. Pillsbury, D. R. Mechanic. Preston, Clinton F. Farmer. Quincy, Hon. Josiali Quincy, S. H. Merchant. Robinson, George H. Lumber Manfr. Simmons, Jag. S. Ladder Manfr. Simpson, C, B. Merchant. Simpson, D. L. Physician Simpson, T. S. Lumber Dealer. Smart. C. C. Brick Manfr. Spalter, Rev. A. D. Teacher Spaulding, Chas. Manfr. of Lumber, Brick & Charcoal Spaulding, E. 0. Charcoal Manfr. Spaulding, Leverett, Farmer. Spaulding, Luella H. Stevens, Henry B. Stevens, 0. L. Ladder Manfr. Swain, Miss. Eva J. Teacher. Swain, J. R. Station Agt. Tilton, J. D. Clergyman RTE. Farmer. Farmer. Foss, Robert S. Garland, Chas. D. Farmer. David, Farmer. Jenne>s, Jenness, Emery C. Farmer. Jenness, G. H. Chairman School Committee. Johnson, Gilman W. Farmer. Jones, Mrs. Parry. Morrill, Alva H. Clergyman. Odiorne, Sylvester D. farmer. Philbrick, John. Farmer. Philbrook, 0. B. Mason. Rand, Henry S. Mason. Rand, Obed. Farmer. SULLIVAN. Nahum Shoemaker. Currier. Lyman Blacksmith. Atwell C, Farmer. Goodwin, L. H. & D. W. Manuf rs and ber and Chair Stock Dealers. Nims, Augustus F. Farmer. Stevens, J. G. Tanner and Currier. White, Samuel S. Farmer. Winchester, Elliot C. Farmer. Davis, Ellis, UNITY. D ealer in Grain and Lumber Dealer in Lumber. T. Laborer. Cummings, John Farmer. Goodwin, David L. Farmer. J.icobs, George F. Teamster. Libby, Horatio R. Farmer. Libby, Nathaniel & Ez. Farmers. Merrill. Asa B. Farmer. Noves. Fred E. Laborer. Weeks, H. W. Lumber Dealer. Weeks^ Ira M. Merchant. Whicher, Levi C. Farmer. Willey, Alexander. Farmer. WASHINGTON. Crane, 0. T. Abbott, C. Henrv, Hotel Keeper, Aldrich, C. E. Farmer & Summer Boarding House, Lumber Dealer, Aldrich, D. M. Aldrich, Ira M. Summer Boarding House. Allard, Sam'l, Firm, Gordon Allard & Co. Lumber Dealers. Amadon. Geo. M. Fngineer for Wbiteneld Lumber Co, F. Farmer. Jeweller & Druggist. S, Bond, J. Farmer. Farmer. S. L. Bray, Briggs, 0, S. Farmer. Brown, A. L. I Lumber Merchants of the Firm Brown, W. G. j of A. L. & W. G. Brown & Co. Brown, Frank P. Merchant. Burns, C. W. Lumber Dealer. Byrne, Wm, Lawyer. Carleton, Mrs. E, Chase. A. M. Farmer & Real Estate Agt. Colby, C. J. Harness Maker. Colby, J. S. Farmer. Cole, G. W. Farmer & Cowing, C. Hazen. A W. Engineer Hazen. Dodge, Leonard L. D. & Lumber Sawyer, Cummings, J.W. & Co. Darling, G. Cattle Dealer. Mechanics for W. C. for L. D. Teamster. G. I*. F. Libbey & L. T. W. Libby * Co. Dodge, M. B. Carpenter & Joiner. Dodge, Wm. F. Proprietor of Mountain View House. Donovan, Wm. J. Teamster for Brown & Co, Dustin, J. E. Mechanic for Brown & Co, Enstmau, Ben. Farmer nd Teamster. Eastman, Chas. Firm, Fasiman & Perkins, Meat & Groceries. Eastman, J. K. Livery Stable. Teamster. S. A. Surveyor of Lumber, at Fearoh, Fred C. Brown's, Fearon, G. Head Edger. Lumber Dealer at War. Fiske, Hazen W, cester Mass. Elmer, Fiske, J. Sullivan, WARREN. Davis, Chas. S. Gale. Chas. M. Depot Master, WHITEFIELD. .- Lum- Glidden, Elisha. Glidden, Ezra J. Bixby, Jas. M. WEST ANDOVER. Brown, W. R. Blood, 0. Aldrich, J. K. Cram, Frank Farmer. I. Lincoln, F. B, Painter. Proctor, Israel D. Rake Manuf 'r. Proctor, Mary B. Severance, John Farmer. Bell.Wm. Weeks, A T. Farmer, Willoughby, J. F. Farmer. Wyatt, Rev. T. jr. Pastor of North Holderness Church. Bridge, 678 Farmer & Summer Board ing House, Fowler, A. J. Boot Manufacturer, Goodwin, J, A. Carpenter. Gordon, M. H. Firm, Gordon Allard * Lole Lumber Dealers, Gould, C. B, Farmer & Cattle Dealer. Gould, L. R. Moulder. Gove, George S, Physician, Gove, Ira S. M. General Collection Agent. Harmon, Wm. M. Clergyman, Harriman, Geo, Teamster, G, W. Libby & UQ, Hayes, Orange S. Boarding House Keeper for Brown & niggins, M. Co. House Painter, George W. Farmer, Holmes, V. R. Board Sawyer, Holmes, Willis, Lumberman, Howland, 0. S. Farmer & Stlldeflt. Huntoon, Amasa, Farmer, Hutcuins, J. M. Farmer. Iiildreth, �NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. G74 Hutching, M. W. Farmer. Hutching, W. B. Clerk Insurance Agent. Jenkins, 0. E. Board Sawyer, C. Libby & Co. Johnson, J. W. Mountain Stage Driver. ' l. Millwright and If achiuist. King, C. E. Farmer. Lambert, Louis, Lawyer. Lane, A. W. Clerk. C. Libby & Co. Lane, 1! F. Farmer. Learned, Henry, Board Sawyer, G. W. Libby &Co. Learned, J. M. Saw Filer, 0. W. Libby & Co. Libbey, n. C. Lumber Dealer. Libbey, J. U A. Grain Mill. Lumber Dealer. Libby, Charles, Libby, II. W. Lumberman, C. Libby & Co. Libby, J. C. Millwripht. Marden, E. F. Farmer. Mc. Gregor. J. L. Student Agricultural College, Uanover. Edger, C. Libby & Co. 0. Mc Leod, Miner, J. L. Farmer. Morey, George E. Clerk at Brown's Store. Morrison, Mrs. L, .Milliner, Dress Maker & Fancy Hoods. Morse, John, Engineer, G. W. Libby & Co. Mason. U ton, G. P. Newel, II. S. Farmer. Nou^se, Eugene, Saw Filer for L. D. & L. T. Uazen. Palmer, C. J. Machinist for Brown & Co. Parker, Daniel, Farmer. Parker, L. D. Shingle Sawyer, G. W. Libby A Co. Perkins, J. S. Firm, of Eastmam & Perkins. Meals & Groceries. Pillsbury. Geo. II. Sash & Blind Manufacturer A Builder. Piukham, G. II. Clergyman. Priest, .1. B. Boarding Mouse, C. Libby & Co. Pushee. E. P. Engineer for Brown & Co. Putney, Alvin E. Qnimby, A. II. Machinist, C. Libby k Co. Quimby. Wm. K. Merchant. Robinson, Geo. Laborer. S mipson, Jennie E. At Amoskeag Mills Manchester. V ii Sanders, John II. Teamster for L. D. & L. T. Uazen. Snow, D. S. Builder & Sash & Blind Manfr Snow, E. M. Builder of Houes. Stalbird, Aaron, H. Carpenter. Tague, Phill, Chopper for Brown Farmer. Taylor, John T. Thomas, L. Walker, F. Warner, A. I Sm >. th, Lewis F. Blacksmith for L. D. & L. T. Uazen. Smith, 0. P. Carpenter. &, Co. Filer. Stone Worker. Farmer. Blacksmith. P. B. Wells, Isaac, Wentworth, E. Mill Man at Brown's Weston, E. II. Station Agent. Win'. hi, Charles E. Millwright at Brown's Whedon, W. J. Stone Mason. Whitcher, L. D. G. f W. he S. f. WILMOT CENTRE. Brown, Joseph C. Farmer. Clough, Franklin C. Farmer. Farmer. Carpenter. Langley, W. F. Farmer. Messer, P. Farmer. Fisk, Calvin. Goodhen, Seth. Stevens, Aim is. Farmer. Stearns, Minot. Farmer. Thompson, C. H. Farmer. Trussell, Charles. Clergyman. Woodward, Geo. E. Manufacturer. WILMOT FLAT. Jones, Otis, Tanner & Currier. Nelson, Win. G. F'armer. Thompson, Samuel. Withington, Cyrus. Farmer. Farmer. WILTON. Carlton, C.C. Keyes, Geo. D. WOOLEN MILL. . Chase, Thomas. Lawyer. Hardy, Willis F. Clerk. Morey, M. M. Spinner. Morey, W. C. Carder. MISCELLANEOUS. Marshall, Boston. Plummer, Part well, J. m. Merchant. Sheaban, John 11. Shoe Maker. Small M.N. Sawyer at Brown's . Smith, L. \V. Board Sawyer, C. W. Brown & Saw S. John W., Mechanical Engineer, S. B., 55 Elm Street, Boston. ERRATA. The following names were incorrectly printed in the former list. Ford, Daniel, Dover, Ginger Ale and Beer Maufacturer. Longley, Geo. H. Peterboro, Proprietor of Bakery. �NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. ADDITIONAL, NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS FOR FIFTH ACWORTIL Ainsworth, J. Clergyman. Beryl, Geo. H. Mountain House. Barnard, S. P. Chenev, S. W. Clark, D. Dickey, J. W. Tin lay, B. C. Kingsbury, E. A. Kemp, John 675 D. Morrison, E. R. Teacher. Richardson, J. T. Merchant. Spatildiug, E. Blacksmith. BARNSTEAD. EDITION". Hunt. W. A. Depot Station Agent. Ilamet, Mrs. E. H.irtnet, James Shoemaker. Jones, P. A. Jenney, H. H. Farmer. Johnson, II. C. Saw Miller. Livingston, Colborn Wood Turner. Shoemaker. Lanv;, John S. Lenad, M. M. Needle Maker. Lane, L. & L. Farmers. Madigan, Thomas Shoemaker. Metcalf, Horace F'armer. Mahan, Miss M. M. Moore, H. E. Mechanic. Mayhen, V. S. Shoe Stock Fitter. Putnam, W. D. Shoe Manufacturer. Avery, Walter M. Trader. Babcock, J. 51. Proprietor of Card Mill. W. F'armer. Perry James E. Farmer. Blaisdell, J. P. Shoemaker. Carr, W. 0. Clergyman. Perry, A. Farmer. Perry, Edward R. Farmer. Copp, Reuben Blacksmith. Park's, D. W. Richardson, Jas. Shoe Cutter. Rogers, Charles E. Clergyman. Rockwood, A. P. Boot Cutter. Reed. A. C. Carpenter and Builder. Rust, A. Custom Shoemaker. Sanders. Charles A. Shoe liottonier. II. Farmer. Chesley, W. A. Farmer and Poultry Dealer. Clark, I. H. Shoemaker. Emerson, Timothy Blacksmith. Emerson, Geo. W. Dentist. George, Chas. S. Farmer. Jenkins Charles E. Farmer. Jenkins, John II. Carpenter. Jenkins. W. A. Farmer. Langley, Mrs. T. D. Marshall, I. D. Farmer. Palmer, Frank E. Carpenter. Thyng, Charles E. Farmer. Waldo, John Carpenter. Wheeler, Mrs. Dr. Young, II. P. Carpenter. CHARLESTOWN. Bailey, Eliphalet Farmer. Bailey, Mrs. M. W. Putnam, Ii. Wood Tumor and Rake Thomas Maker. Swau, William Gardener. Spooner, Stephen A. Carpenter and Builder. Harness Maker, Carriage Sparrow, Chas. Trimmer and Upholsterer. Saker, Fred, Tinman. Snow, G. A. Shoemaker. Sanders. C. L. Shoemaker. Sannderson, II. II. Clergyman. Slavin, Smith, Thomas T. Farmer. Tidd, E. II. Taylor, John W. Farmer. Bond, George S. Stoves and Tin ware. Bowman, J. M. Saloon Keeper. Baker, Mrs. H.M. Chapin, W. 0. Farmer. Chubb, A. W. Shoe Cutter. Callahan, Miss M. C. Shoe Stitcher Cobb, Josiah Carpenter and Joiner. Cashing, Edmund L. Attorney at Law. DeNormandie, Eugene Clergyman. Evans, Henry K. Boot Cutter. Easter, II C." Shoemaker. Eusworth, Geo. W. Carpenter and Joiner. Lumber Dealer and Steaui Mill Fish. John S. Livery and Boarding Stable. Vial!, II. B. Williams C. IT. Shoemaker. White, Geo. A. Farmer. Proprietor. Foster, S. C. Finlay, Chas. A. Eagle Hotel. Fletcher, Ellen L. Watchmaker ami Jeweler. Shoe Cutter, and Pattern Goodrich. M. N. Perry, Kittrcdge Draftsman. Hamlin. I). S. Shoe Dealer. Hamlin, Win. Fanner. Hamlin, Geo. W. General Merchant. Hubbard, E. F. Farmer. Whit taker, J. M. Physician. Walker, Cephas Carriage Manufacturer, and Grain Dealer. Willard, L. B. White Washer and Kalsominer. CLAREMONT. Prouty, E. W. Millwright. CONCORD. Drugs and Medicines. C0NT00C00KVILLE. Elliott, Mrs. J. R. Dow, Joseph Farmer. Farmer. Jones, John P. Libbee, Wm. T. Carpenter. I'o-tniaster. Patterson. Joab White, Frauk F'armer. �NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. 676 Harness Maker and Car. Hartford, Jas. W. riage Trimmer. Lamos, Horace A. Broprietor of Point Cot- CORNISH. Blood, E. P. Mechanic. Blood, Ed. B. Farmer. Ballock, Wm. Farmer. Buckman, George tage. Metcalf, II. Democrat II. Press. Overseer of Spinning. Manock, David Farmer. O'Neil, W. F. Farmer. Peel, Charles F. Overseer Weave Room. Scales, John Principal of Franklin Academy. Brown, Helen R. Churchill, B. B. Carpenter. Cole, Seth, Capt. Sea Captaiu. Cole, Geo. L. Farmer. Fitch, Lyman Farmer. Foss, Walter H. Farmer. Fogs, A. P. Farmer. Fisher, J. R. Farmer. Second hand Card Room. Twombly, E. II. Register of Deeds. Tasker, John C, & Co. Groceries, Belknap St. Taylor, Edward Farmer. Smith, Albion A. Farmer. Farmer. Towle, Levi Witham, John E. Parmer. Haven, A. L. Mechanic. Johnson, E. C. Farmer. Kenyon, B. C. Farmer. Martindale, Lemuel Sheriff. Bowers, L. Farmer. Bowers. Orlando Wool Dealer. Baget, J. L. Farmer. Bohinson, A. T. Farmer. Spaulding, A. K. Blacksmith. Smith. W. B. Mechanic. Thrasher, B. F. Farmer. Tracy, S. A. Farmer. Walker, M. L. Farmer. White, John Farmer. Walker, Henry W. Farmer. Walker, G. B. Farmer. Wilder, J. J. Farmer. Fit. h, E. B. Shoecutter. Webster, C. E. DUNBARTON. Bailey, Oliver Farmer. Barnard, Samuel Farmer. Clark, A. C. Farmer. Farmer. Clifford, I. P. Holmes, Daniel Farmer. Ireland J. B. Farmer. Lord, John Farmer. Merrill, J. 0. Farmer. Mills, J. C. Farmer. Twist, Page Farmer. DURHAM. Coleman, Mrs. Mahitable. FRANCESTOWN. BERRY. Bixby, Augustus H. Civil Engineer. Dodge, Miss, Julia A. Book-keeper. Fisher, Theron P. Farmer. Adams, Charles Store Keeper. barker, John F. Farmer. Lawyer. Bartlett, G. C. HAMPTON. Crowell, W. II. Shoemaker. Currier. David Banker, Depot. Conch, 0. D. Lumber Mau'fr. and Farmer. Carter, Alba B.Rev. Clark, Leonard Farmer. bustin, J. A. Deputy Sheriff. Brown, Warren Ware, Edwin Evans, James Blacksmith. Humphrey, H. Ii. Farmer. Ha-kins. Rev. It. W. Cong. Leonard, A. G. Merchant. HENNIKER. LANCASTER. Ames, Asa Machinist. Bugbee, Frank Physician. Farmer. Btrotlg, Richard R. Pillslniry. H. Carpenter, East Derry. ttpton, C. P. Underbill, Ii. Brooks, C. C. Farmer. Corning, B. H. Prop' of Lancaster House. Cobleigh, E. V. Stoves' Tin, Copper & Agent for Fairbank's Scales. Colby, Joseph Cooper. Drew, Irving W. Lawyer. Guernsey, Aaron Farmer. Hartford, M. E. Carpenter. Holton, H. P. I. Farmer. Hunt, Win. P. Laborer. Hartford. W. A. Tanning & Carding. Hart lord, George A. Farmer. Hopkins, J. M. Prop, of Williams House. Heywood, William Lawyer. Kent & Griswold, Dry Goods, Clothing and Postmaster. Reed Maker Edge Tool Maker. R. DORCHESTER. Biimham, Nathaniel. Farmer. Farmer. Bilrpee, Mar-hall Cheever, Samuel Parmer. Fiit-., John M. Merchant. Btreeter, \,. It, Parmer. Reed Hiram Farmer. DOVER. Drdmi F its. mi. id Tailoring. Overseer Card Room. Proprietor of Circus. lachman. Bracket, John H. dishing. Joseph Jame llei yman. Book-Keeper, I James M. \ Color Mak'-r, Cocheco Print Gtrlme, William Works. Haw. nth. John Machine Printer. 'Hidden. Charles A. Shoe Cutter. i* isar, B. H. fc Son, Manufacturers Beav) ii i i ii.niaisous. Farmer. Colby, Rachael, Mrs. Seavey, David Contoakville. Boor, W. W. Miller. Reed, Orison Blacksmith. Sargent, C. II. Farmer. Parker, Franklin Farmer HANCOCK. Kent, Edward R. Merchant. McGibnee, James Clerk. Mitchell, Ezra Physician. Monehan, .lames Blacksmith. Moody, (I. w. File Manufacturer. Morse, Charles E. Fanner. Nutter, Charles A. Stationery & Gen'l Merchandise. Olcott, of I'.. T. Dentist. Porter Brothers, chandise. Dry Goods & Gen'l Mer- �NAMES OP SUBSCRIBERS. Rhodes, Freedom M. Lawyer. Reed. J. C. Millwright. Rhodes, Tener M. Farmer & Starch Man'fr. Richardson, Nathaniel II. Furniture, Paper Hangings, Coffins & Caskets. Smith, Frank & Co. Flour, Corn & Feed Store. Twitchell, Hiram Boarding House. Thompson, A. Machinist. White, Wm. A Agent. Whitcorab, Col. Horace & Son, Harness Makers. Weeks, James M. Jr. Starch Manufacturer. Woodward, J. H. Farmer. Costello, 677 Mike Mill Man. Dickon, Thomas Jobber. Dexter, L. Sawyer. Eames, John Farmer. Fisk, Wm. Farmer. Gotham, Asa H. Farmer. Hatch, Asa Farmer. Howe, R. S. J. Farmer. Hanaford, J. R. Farmer. Henson, Charles Laborer. Hutson, Thomas Laborer. Butter, J. V. Putman. Charles Hanks, B. N. Laborer. Hutson, Edward Farmer. Hayes, Wm. Baggage Mister. Proprietor Hall House. Hanson, Mrs. Sybil Jones. James B. Boarding House. Knight, Edwin Sawyer. Wheeler, John Lucas, LEMPSTER. I LONDONDERRY. Annis, Daniel G. Farmer, North Londonderry P. 0. Boyce, Geo. W. Farmer, N. Londonderry P.O " " " " Boyce, Samuel " " " " Boys, Walter " " " " Corning, S. R. Clark, Freemont Pump Manufacturer. Clark, Win. Farmer. Ela, Edward P. " Derry Depot P. 0. " " " Hardy, Aaron P. " Hartshorn, Geo. R. Farmer. Derry Depot P.O. " Holmes, Mathew North Londonderry P. 0, " Mc. Allester, .Tona. " Mack, Robert C. Derry P. 0. Mc Gregor, Alexander " *' " Depot Morse, A. J. P.O. " N. Londonderry " N. Londonderry " Pettengill, J. P.O. Perkins, Washington Farmer. Rotary Filler Sawyer. Merriam, Miss Abbie B. Teacher. Moore, D. S. Foreman Tanner. McFarland, Charles Farmer. McFarland, Cester Martin, Charles N. McMann, Wm. Planing. Morffet, John D. Jobber. Gardner. Pike, Mrs. C. T. Pool, Mrs. S. C. Rickey, Horace H. Farmer. Richardson, F. F. Mechanic. Sargent, J. H. Planing and Saw Mill. Sheridan, Dommick Job Teaming. Spredbury, Charles C. Mason. Spredbury, Wm. Farmer. John Farmer. Tookey, P. J. Hotel Keeper. Willson, David Stone Cutter. Wood, Franklin E. Farmer. Whitney, J. T. W. Farmer. Young, Antipas House Carpenter. Toll ens. N. Londonderry P.O. Plummer, Nathan Hiram Carpenter. Montgommery, Geo. W. Lath Sawyer. Mc'Intire Henry Farmer. McKelleps, Geo. M. Foreman Tool's Mill. PELHAM P.O. Richardson, Wm. Londonderry Lumber Dealer, P. P. 0. North Peabody, J. W. Farmer. " N. Londonderry P. Nesmith, J. Y. Smith, Daniel D. Blacksmith, N. Londonderry P.O. Watts, Chas. H. Farmer, N. Londonderry P. 0. " " '• Watts. C. M. " " Watherbey, John H. " " " " " Webster, Amos C. Londonderry Depot Young. Charles E. " P. Young, 0. " J. P. N. Londonderry P. 0. MADBURY. Jenkins, Jonathan Farmer. & L. R. R. <fe C. NORTHUMBERLAND. John M. Laborer. Brown, R. J. Student. Blake, Mrs. Mary J. Farmer. Civil Engineer and Buckman, Edward F. Land Surveyor. Astle, PLAINFIELD. Austin, George W. Farmer. Buckman, Henry Bailey, L. L. " J. Upholstery. Bryant, Henry Dunkley, C. H. Farmer. " Eastman, Ora V. Farnham, Buzzell " " French, A. W. Freeman, Will W. " Hall, Will Merchant. Student. Lewin, B. F. Butcher. Monlton, Fred Poultry Dealer. Newton, John Stone Mason. Porter, Jabez Farmer. Pickernel, Charles " NEWPORT. Freight Conductor on C. Burt, 0. G. R. R. Royce, Philip Merchant. Pastor Free Will Baptist Church. Roney, John Granite Worker. Young, Edward Farmer and Stone Cutter. [abbey, E. D. MANCHESTER. Colburn, A. L. Scale Business. Doolittle, J. S. Conductor M. Foss, Rev. Tobias Sanderson, L. Stone Mason. Btickney, II. II. Carpenter & Farmer. Sticknev, II. Farmer. Smith, E. II. Clergyman. (Wat.) Spauldlng, L. D. Farmer. Stroug, S. C. Mechanic. Watson. Mary A. Westgate, E. \V. Butcher & Farmer. RAYMOND. Browne, J. F. Gunsmith. �NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. 678 Manson, B. S. Clergyman. Moiilton, George M. Farmer. Cabinet. Poor, J. L. KI'MXEY. Teacher. Farnsworth. Belle C. George, Thomas, Mrs. Farmer. Preston, Clinton F. SALEM. Abbott, N. G. Shoe Shop. Abbott. 8. K. Reporter for Essex Eagle. Adams, George M. Parmer. Armor, Albert L. Proprietor of Salem House. Kimball, S. H. Farmer. Kroyd, Samuel A. Jack Spinner. Long, Mrs. Martha Lord. David Farmer. Lowell, Mrs. Lizzie Milliner and Dress-Maker. Farmer. Merrill, Daniel Mirick, Mrs. Hattie N. Weaver. Mirick, Miss Florence A. Weaver. Harness Manufacturer. Parrish, T. D. Palmer, Joseph P. Shoe Shop. Page, A. M. Meat Market. Paul. George M. Farmer. Pat Mary tin-. Mis.-, Pendergast, Daniel Supt. North Shoddy Mill. Peabody, E. A. Contractor and Builder. Austin, Mrs. Abb] B Aver, Win. 1!. Carpenter. Poole, Sirs. It. F. Prescott, A. J. Farmer. Shoe Manufacturer. Bailey, Loren E. Carpenter. Parmer. Ballad, Jonathan A. Reynolds, John F. Richards, L. P. E. Real Estate Broker. Robinson, B. A. Billiard Saloon. Ayer, J. i Carriage Painter. Pastor Congregational C. A. . Rockwood, William - Bodwell, Mrs. Bowser, Rev. Samuel L. Carpenter. Bradford, Joseph 1J. Farmer & Shoemaker. Brad lord, Jesse W. Parmer. Burns. J. W. Shoe Manufacturer. Buxton, Joseph Shoe Factory. Butler, James J. Farmer. Carey, Joel C. Merchant. Clark, Alburton W. Stone Cutter. Clotlgh, .1. Fanner. l>. Parmer. fluff J. W. Parmer. Cluff, Levi Clutf, Josiah Q. Old Cluff. B.C. Colby, Fred Colby, Wm. Line Market. <'• .Mrs. A. II. ' John Corliss, Parmer, D. tone Cutter. Crowell, Win. G. Parmer. Dorr, Rev. Henry Clergyman. John Machinist. Duston, Mrs. Abbie M. Weaver. . Duston Kllingwood, J. N. Carpenter. Emerson, Robert Parmer. Swings, Clinton Pai Henry - Painter. Fellows Theodore W. Parmer. Farmer. Foster, Ez< kiel, II I. Manufai turer. Foster, in i Carpenter. i ! . Woodbury, Bhop. I'. i, Parmer A. F. Silv.-r. C. L. Shoe Shop. Smith, Charles Painter. Smith, J V. Farmer ami Insurance Agent. Smith. W. M. Designer and Engraver. Smith. Win. W. Shoe Shop. Staunton. Wiliiam Farmer. Blacksmith. Stott, William B. Stuart. Rev. Wm. H. Pastor M. E. Church, Taylor Richard Lumber Dealer and Farmer. Taylor,M. N. Manufacturer. Taylor, L.W. Merch int. Taylor, Win. Lumber Dealer and Farmer. horn, D. M. Fai mer. Thorn, Isaac Fanner, Farmer. Tilton, Joseph M. Villain. Orrin E. Farmer. Webster, T. C. Farmer. Webster, G. II. Painter and Grainer. Webster, Amos N. Farmer, Webster, Joseph Shoe Manufacturer. Wilier, .b.hn Stone Cutter and Farmer. Welch, Joseph M. Merchant. w heeler, J. It. Shoe Manufacturer. Fanner. W ler, John A. Whittemore, Rev. Elisha J. Pastor Baptist Church. Wilson, A. G. Farmer. Woo James Engraver. Woodbury, George Public Boarding House. 'I Mason. Carder and Spinner. W. Boss, E. Rowel I, W. Church. Brown. James Goodhue, Mr-. Laura J. Teacher. Goodwin, Eugene A. Carpenter. f in, Mi - Mary J. Goodwin, Milton Mechanic. Rev. .1. A. Pastor M. E. Church. • Israel ii .no 1 '. 1 Woodbury, Mrs. Hall, i Hall, Ezra B. Farmer. Harris, Harvey Pai out. moo'. Shoemaker. Hihlreth, J. 0. 1 Humphry, Benjamin Farmer. T. Hunt, Horace W Parmer. Hutchins, Wai ren Farmer. Jennings, Samuel P. Shoemaker. turer. : I . Kelly, Oilman D, Kelly, Charles 0. mon C. Kimball, Mrs. Kimball. Cbarles Kimball, Mrs. N. I at Shoemaker. R. Mason. Parmer, II. Farmer. W Ibury, Rev 0. G. Clergyman. York, Mrs. Eliza. i \ , Isaiah STODDARD. - Hawk Farmer. Rowell.Mrs. M. M. Merchant. Dow diver I.. Farmer Silas Dinsm Parmer. Dai i-. Oilman W. Merchant. i Farmer. Esty, Solon Mel, ure, Isabel le Post Mistress. i' ictor, Hosea Parmer and Produce Dealer, Richardson, leorge Farmer. Fanner. Stacy, Oilman Farmer. Shoultes, William II. Fanner. ittemore, Joel F. Wei,),, li. N. Hotel Keeper. ' Wh Shi \\ a i:\f.k. Farmer. L. Hardy, E. R. Foreman of Section �NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. WARREN. Colton, D. B. Farmer. Hardy, E. R. Foreman of Section. Whitcher, Adouiron Butcher. WASHINGTON. Mentzer, Walter C. Lovewell House, WEBSTER. Burbank, F. L. Lumber Dealer. » " Bnrbank, W. W. Buxton, Rev. Edward Clergyman. Colby, James L. Farmer. Courser, Thomas J. " Couch. Miss Nancy E. Duncklee, Calvin, T. Elliott, Miss Priscilla A. Teacher. Flanders, John A. Farmer and Carpenter. Q lime, Charles F. II. Farmer. George A. " .Imes, Charles A. " " " Iloit, Holmes, Wi ud M. Little, Caleb P. Pearson, J. C. Tiltoii, Mrs. Julia A. Oilman, Mary B. m. Carpenter and Joiner. Qoodell, Frank Farmer. Kimball, Mis. II. M. Moore, W. H. Esq. Farmer. Merrill, Chas. M. Carpenter. Philbrick, A. S. Farmer. Plnmmer, Geo. Farmer. Page, A. Tinsmith, Dealer in Stoves and Hollow-ware. Smart, .lames Farmer. Stanyan, Newell Merchant. Simpson, John M. Smith, S. II. Mechanic. Smith, David Farmer. \\ Tenney, Edward G. Teacher. White, Mrs. Charlotte j). Whitniore, John, M. D. Whitcher, L. P. Farmer. Wells, Henry P. Farmer. Hutchinson, Charles Tiirill, James WENTWORTH. Blodgott, Jeremiah Esq. Blood, II. C. Carpenter. WILMOT. Johnston, Green Woolen Manufacturer. LAWRENCE, MASS. Machinist, with A. Messer, John A. Depot Master at Messer's. LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS. Brown, W. A. Coll. urn, Jas. Farmer. Currier, S. G. Esq. Durkey, F. A. Esq. M. D. Downing, J. L. Esq. Farmer. Elliott, J. F. Brown. Farmer. Carpenter. B. Boyd, F. 0. Davis, J. a. Davis, W. II. Teacher, QilmanJEnoch Mrs. Gove, WEST STEWARTSTOWN. Farmer's wife. Brown, W. W. Boardman, Eldri.lge Esq. L. & W. G. Brown. 679 Fletcher, T. M. Purveyor of Lumber. Foster, John Farmer. Merchant. Merchant. Teamster, with A. L. & W. G. • Eaton, Franklin, Eaton, Davis & Co., Mer- chants. Hon. Moses H. Eastman, Judge of the Courts METHUEN, MASS. Copp, M. G. House Carpenter. Emerson, Jacob Cashier of Bank. F.sher, Albert V. Trader's Clerk. Fulton, James Farmer. Gordon, J. Haskell Provision Dealer BETHLEHEM. Bian.lin, J. S. Bunker, C. E. Postmaster. Proprietor Mt. Agassiz House. Bunker, William G. " " Bethlehem " " Bean, Wilson H. Sunset Blandin, A. W. Farmer. Durgin, J. A. Sinclair House. Gallaher, Hugh. Farmer. Gordon, Dan. P. Farmer. Hatch, Alpha. Farmer. Hildreth, T. T. Boots, Shoes and Groceries. McGregory, W. A. Lumber and Starch M'f'r. " " Kidder, James M. Quimby, I. J. Justice of Peace, and Notary Plummor, Joseph. Proprietor Cottage Boarding House. Richardson, I. E. Farmer and Lumber Deal'r Spooner, B. C. Proprietor of Stage Line from Bethlehem to Littleton. Turner, J. N. Proprietor Turner House. Wildor, H. W. Proprietor Maple Cottage and L. M. Mrs. Farwell, J. L. Bradbury, Albert. Mechanic and Sawyer. Bui lard, James. Insurance Agent. Balcom, George L. Woolen Manufacturer. Belknap, Darius. Overseer Weave Room. Clark, William. Flour and Grain. Millinery Goods. Uermon. Attorney at Law. Harris, Thomas J. Insurance Agent. Ib.lt. Haul. rich, F. Clothing, Hats, etc. Hunter. Lewis M. Cloth Dresser. Benj. F. Propr. Junction House. Jewett, J. W. W. I. G Is and Groceries. I. one. Charles II. Station Agent. Ormsby, II. II. Diuing Rooms. Parks, C. E. Proutv, E. W. Millwright. Hemenway, Redfield, S. F. Merchant Richardson, Clareraont File Works. Flour and Groceries. II. Tailor. S. Jr. i '. Stowell, G. H. Hardware Ac. Stockwell, George T. Carpenter. Straw. O. C. Spinner. Walker, J. S. Clergyman. Vanghan, Edwin. U.S. Consul, Coaticook, P.Q. Webb, Hiram. Supt. Sullivan Mill. Sullivan, C. 0. Livery Stable. CLAREMONT. Clerk. Teacher. S. C. Dow, 8, Public. Town Pelham,C. Sanborn, CONCORD. Hazelton, James. Millinery. PITTSFIELD. Bachelder, J. M. Jeweller. Coburn, J. M. Clergyman. Drake, S. J. Farmer. �NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. 680 Emery, N. W. Merchant. French, K. W. Farmer. Foss, G. W. Farmer. Hill. s. I. . Hill. J. T. Dentist. Merchant. Lane, I!. 0. Farmer. Ring, S. F. Farmer. King, S. S. Farmer. STRATFORD. Aiken, II. Engineer. Atherton, Miss Mary A. Alger, .1. B. Merchant. Blodgett, Win. H. Farmer. Brown, Branch, Farmer. Brown, S. F. Fanner. Brown, S. F. Farmer. Brown, Wellington. Farmer. Blodgett, F. A. Farmer. Blodgett, Charles D. Farmer. Bennett, Oliver, Farmer. Buhlwin, J. M. Farmer. Brown, George A. Farmer. Blodgett, A. S. Teamster. Bean, Gh II. Farmer. Booth, Henry A. Laborer. l; iss, 1.. I>. Farmer. Boyle, John 0. G. T. R. R. Employee. Baldwin, W. L. Lumberman. Baldwin. E, A. Milwn'ght. Boyle, Dennis, Lumberman. Corliss, Win. Farmer. P. Farmer. Curtis, E. W. Farmer. Clark. Thomas H. Sawyer. Dowd, Michael, Farmer. Dunn, Joseph, Farmer. Day, Samuel A. Farmer. Dimick. Henry, G. T. R. R. Employee. Douglass, William, Farmer. Drew, B. F. Farmer. English, Mrs. E. J. Flinii. Franklin, Jobber. Conery, Simon Fuller, Mrs. C. C. Fay, Win. Laborer. Gould, Ira I,. Farmer. Qambsby, Russell, F'armer. Hapgood, Richard F. Farmer. Hartshorn, George C. Farmer. Howell, Wm. G. T. R. R. Employee. Hinman, U. B. Hotel-Keeper. Johnson, Timothy B. Board Sawyer. Johnson, M. D. Land Surveyor. Jorden, Abel, Farmer. Kenney, Fred L. Joiner and Board Surveyor. Kingsley, A. Jobber. Laflure, Lewis, Laborer. Laroche, Jerry, Blacksmith. McMay, Charles, Farmer. Horse, Edward, Blacksmith. Martin, John J. Farmer. Marshall, Melvin, Merchant. Marguire, Miss Ellen, Marden. Mrs. R. B. Norcott, C. F. Carriage Maker. Ockinglon, H. A. Mechanic. Ockington, B. B. Mechanic. Parnell. Peter, Farmer. Stone, Miss Ellsie, Scruton, Wm. H. G. Tr. Agent. Silver, E. M. Sawyer. Stride, Alfred R. Farmer. Spiller, G. D. Farmer. Stone, John G. Farmer. Wright, J. V. Mechanic. Watters, C. D. Mechanic CONCORD. Plummer, Mrs. Alice E. NEWBURY. Bailey, Mary J. Housewife. Blodgett, Isaac F. Blacksmith. Brock way, V. C. Station Agent: Clark, Asa B. Farmer. Collins, L. A. Housewife. Foster, Silas E. Section Hand. Fowler, John W. Mechanic. George, Darius H. Farmer. Gillingham J. King, Farmer. Gillinghain, J. L. Farmer. Gove, Warren C. Farmer. Johnson, N. S. Mt. Sunapee House. Marshall, Jesse, Farmer. Morse, Jeremiah, Postmaster. Morse, S. A. Farmer. Muzzey, Wm. W. Carpenter and Mason. Muzzey, Samuel 2d, Farmer. Muzzev, John, Farmer. Pike, S. K. Merchant. Ring, E. C. Farmer. Thomson, S. B. Farmer. �NAMES OF SUBSCRIBERS. PERRY. Palmer, Engineer. Alexander, Alvah. Farmer and Provision Aldxich, C. E. Merchant. 1*. J. 695 Plummer, Alley, LondondeiTy. Farmer and Mail Carrier. Priest James. Station A Richai'ds, reorge. Blacksmith. ( \ rus. Fanner. Robie, T. R. Blacksmith. . Dealer. < Burbank, John S. Railroading. Crombie, James BE. Physician. Choate, Charles. Farmer. . . Clyde, Ch rl • Edward Emerson, A. Farron, W. 1'., '>. Londonderry. W. Farmer. Painti Farmer. r. John, Londonderry. Carpenter. \V. Farmer. Hemphill, Joseph. Fanner. W. If. Fa Klein, Joseph, Fruit Grower. Lane, !ol. reorg W. Farmer. Gilchrist, Head, George . ' I I>r. ssmal Shute, Mrs. E. G. Shute, George. Farmer. Mrs. Mary. Walker, Mosi a A. Blacksmith. r, Nathaniel. Farmer. armer. . Wheeler, Thaddeus. Fanner. White, W. !>. Me reliant .m:i! Lumberman. Wilson, Samuel. Pi ach Grower. Woolley, John D. Farmer. < Low, A. li Low, John Lewi--., S. P. ..i.e. Prop'r Sanders's Hotel. Sn,',!. p. D. Lumber Business. ach Grower. Corwin, J. F. T. Milk Dealer. Dana, .Mrs. Nelli A. Ela, M iss Sargent, Farmer. i. Farmer. Robert. ".Irs. II. Clough, L.\ . Farm !I. Homer Teacher. Mack, Miss L.C. Dr ^ssmaker. MacGregor, D. Merchant. M( den, Robert. Farmi r. Merriam, Mai shall. Farmer. Shoe Business. Messer, Geor Montgom IIII.!.. Fruit Grower. P. h. Fanner. Morrison, John B. Shoemaker. Nowell, Samui 1. Fanner. Novell, James. Farmer. M. F. Labo Sumner. George R. Carriage Maker. Little, Rowell, J. R. Travelling Optician. Southworth, M. E. Far A. F. Morrill. " Trumbull, D. Boswell, T. W ('. Lumber Iward, F. R. 1 Novelty Manufacturer and Dealer. Quimby, A. II. Farmer. ������������ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Books, Booklets, Ledgers, & Diaries Digital File Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Statistics & Gazetteer of New Hampshire 1874 Description An account of the resource The Statistics & Gazetteer of New Hampshire contains descriptions of all the counties and towns in New Hampshire from the period. It also describes principal features such as mountains, lakes, rivers, capes, bays, harbors, islands, and resorts or notable places. Notable business and persons are also described. It also contains 100 pages of statistical tables. Information on Farmington, NH is located on pages 156-157. This is a digital file and does not exist in the physical collection. RKL-FHS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Compiled by Alonzo J Fogg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available D.L. Guernsey, Bookseller and Publisher, Concord NH, Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1870's Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1874 Date Copyrighted Date of copyright. 1874 business Farmington NH information New Hampshire people places records Strafford County https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/99e97096c70a5ce8cf12b71328aa89e8.pdf?Expires=1784764800&Signature=RMlyjWZh8XBdugGOr7tm7RJeC3aAPYYbp901tchKzr2KOwcIr5ymA9iM6dXM3m2nLoBUJX-ottPPUHo0mwWnzvFVtUVq8W9l9tXDoQmrGHDzKeTXnIoldOnhfOvBScxZjOfoFPKFRufjddJeo-sqqurmQdsqLZHtYiEiFHbdf5Jf8Utkwu9g12beXyN9qS0Qf1tZXfm8LInpDlQdIykXuDh4PJLFIqtt8YhM6QwySmSHjriJTWhxn7S4J8hcnKKTtdljynXkv6X0sTvwELxsZ4yyFmS9TGTH9zgEOoJ6TX80a8vk6mJxROhsi-aQX7j6zngC%7ExCTyrg28nQ-c97Izg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3773e37945b6dc89520b4c046a62450c PDF Text Text W E L C O M E to PUDDLEDOCK F A R M I N G T O N N.H �INTRODUCTION HERE I S YOUR COPY OF A CONCISE, PERTINENT, EASILY READ xlEFERSNCE V/ITH INTE.ffi3TING INFORMATION ABOUT ONE OF NEW HAMPSHIRES FINEST CaiMUNITIES FARMINGTON. THIS PAMPHLET HAS BEEN PREPARED BY THE FARMINGTON HIGH SCHOOL M^ESH-IAN CIVICS CLASSES, UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THEIR INSTRUCTOR, MR. THOMAS J . WATMAN. THIS PAMPHLET WAS FIRST PUBLISHED IN I961 BY THE SAME GROUP IN A MIMEOGRAPHED VERSION, ENTITLED "YOUR'Ta^/N". THIS PAI-IPHLET WAS N. PRIOTED BY FCoTKR'S PRESS OF FARI-IINGTON, Since i t s settlement i n 1770 by English c o l o n i s t s , Farmington, formerly c a l l e d Puddledock, has been known f o r i t s f r i e n d l y atmosphere. I n t h i s pictufesque town of four thousand persons one can f i n d contentment, b e a u t i f u l scenery, and grand old homes of another e r a . Nestled i n a vailley between two l o v e l y r i d g e s , t h i s peacef u l t o ^ s h i p was formed from the expanses of land between Lacon i a and Dover, O r i g i n a l l y the northwest sector of Rochester, Farmington gained i t s freedom i n 1798, f i f t e e n years a f t e r i t petitioned for t h i s right. Located about midway between the ocean and the l a k e and mountain regions, Puddledoctc serves as a passageway from both the north and the south to these scenic wonders. H. Farmington has had i t s share of great men, too, Heniy Wilson, Vice-President under Ulyssess S. Grant, was be -n here i n 1812. Martin Luther Hayes, f i r s t of New Hampshire's t r u l y s u c c e s s f u l shoe i n d u s t r i a l i s t s , was bom here i n l837 and Henry C l i n t o n F a l l and Raymond P e a l , both noted s c i e n t i s t s originated from t h i s v i l l a g e , Puddledock does not l a c k f o r c u l t u r a l enlightenment. The H i s t o r i c a l Society, D.A.R., C.A.R., the f a c i l i t i e s of the Goodwin Memorial L i b r a r y and the e x h i b i t s of the S c h u l l e r Museum of Medieval Armor provide e x c e l l e n t opportunities f o r c u l t u r a l advancement. Siammer theatres'are i n near reach as are the f a c i l i t i e s of the U n i v e r s i t y of New Hampshire. Farmington's schools and teachers are among the best i n the s t a t e . The newly b u i l t high school i s t r u l y one of the best i n the area and the Burtman-Rondeau Gymnasium one of the f i n e s t i n the Seacoast area. PRINTED BY THE FOSTER PRESS, FARMINGTON, N. H. Municipal Farmington a f f a i r s are directed by a board of three selectmenj while the schools, using the eight year-four year system, are under the power of the three man school board. Jictters concerning the entire town, such as municipal and school budgets are taken care of i n the most democratic way, through -1- �town meetings, vjhere a l l c i t i z e n s may p a r t i c i p a t e i n the running of the town. Puddledock's f i n e water i s taken from a r t e s i a n wells that service the e n t i r e town. The town also runs the Pine Grove Cemetary, the sewage system, snow removal, road maintenance, and refuge disposal systems. A volunteer f i r e department ably keeps a l l loses by f i r e to a minimum and an a l e r t p o l i c e force protects the c i t i z e n s i n t e r ests and property. A f i n e , healthy atmosphere, b e a u t i f u l scenery, e x c e l l e n t job opportunities, high q u a l i t y schools, many f r i e n d l y s o c i a l organizations, good r e c r e a t i o n a l f a c i l i t i e s are found i n and around our town of Farmington. What more could a'person want and f i n d i n such a pleasing package. -2- �GOVERNMENTAL SECTION T W OFFICERS ON SELECTMEN: C a r r o l l Kimball 1963 —755-2293 Clifford Tattrie—196U755-6691 Frank Lord 1965 755-6391 TREASURER: RufUs Randlett 1963755-8571 T W CLERK: ON Bertha P e l l e t i e r 1963 755-8861 T W TAX COLLECTOR ON Bertha P e l l e t i e r — 1 9 6 3 HEALTH OFFICER: Carl Ganney 1963 ROAD AGENT: Clifton Cilley 1963 REPRESENTATIVES TO THE STATE LEGISLATURE Robert Drew1963 George Oilman 1963 POLICE DEPARTMENT Chief of Police Carl Worster 1963— Assistant Chief of Police Joseph Vachon ^ 16 —9 3 755-8861 755-6322 —755-8301 —755-81i71 755-2283 755-2231 755-U621 755-2865 MODERATOR: Eugene Nute AUDITORS: Arthur Webster Barbara Jenness TRUSTEES OF TRUST FUNDS: Robert Hunt Francis Ifooney James Thayer POSTMASTER Carl Blanchard —^—>_755^621 ^^-4 755-2222 _ FIRE CHIEF Marshall Gibbs QIGINEERS Marshall Gibbs C a r l WorSter Melvin Eaton • —755-2222 �GOVERNMENTAL SECTION GOVERNMENTAL SECTION SCHOOL DISTRICT: MimicIPAL COURT: Presiding Justicej Eugene Nute Meets: Friday Nights Where: Court Roran—Police Station—Town Hall Time: 7:00 ?J^. LIBRARY: Librarian: Mrs. Kathleen Deliver Hours: Afternoon— Evening Monday 2-5 7-9 Wednesday 12-1 2-5 7-9 Friday 7-9 Saturday 2-5 7-9 School Board -755-ii591 Meets: Time: Place: 1965 755-67lil 755-22U2 Alex Haskell Roger Nutter Beulah Thayer 196U 1963 F i r s t Tuesday of Every Month 7:00 P.M. Farmington High School Superintendent of Schools: Ramon Martineau 755-9lill High School; P r i n c i p a l : Donald Drake-Memorial Drive-755-9311 School Nurse: Rachael Feeney same Athletic Director: Stanley Towle same POLITICAL PARTIES: DEMOCRATIC PARTY: City Chairman: Telephone: REPUBLICAN PARTY: City Chairman: Telephone: Main Street School: P r i n c i p a l : David Roberts No. Main St.—755-608l Robert Hoage 755-61i5l Clifford Tattrie 755-6691 CIVIL DEFENSE: Director: Eugene Nute In case of a t t a c k — l i s t e n to C0NELRAD~6U0 or 121*0 on your radio d i a l . POST OFFICE HOURS: Windows: 8A.M.—6P.M. Until noon on Saturday Lobby: Open a l l day Saturday HOLIDAYS January 1 February 22 April 2 May 30 July U September k October 12 November 11 November 23 December 25 Sew Tears Day Washington's Birthday Easter Sunday Memorial Day Independence Day Labor Day Columbus Day Veterans Day Thanksgiving Christmas SPACE I S PROVIDED FOR OTHHl DATES OF IMPORTANCE TO TOU -6- -7- �GOVERNMENTAL SECTION EDITORIALS SCHOOL DISTRICT Sehedale o f Hlpih School Marking P e r i o d s F i r s t termj Second t e r a ; Third teraj Fourth termj F i f t h term; Sixth teraj Septeniber 5- October 19 Report Cards October 26 October 22- ilbvember 30 Report Cards December 7 Deceniber 3 - January 18 Report Cards January 25 January 21 - March 8 Report Cards March 15 March 1 1 - A p r i l 19 Report Cards May 2 A p r i l 29 - June Ik Report Cards June lU SCHOOL HOLIDAYS September U-Teachers meeting October 12-Columbus Day October 26-NHEA Convention November 22 to Thanksgiving SCHOOL CALENDAR Fall temj starts-Sept 5 ends -Dec 20 Winter term: starts-Jan 2 ends -Feb 15 S p r i n g term: s t a r t s - F e b 25 ends - A p r i l 19 L a s t term: s t a r t s - A p r i l 29 ends iune 2 1 Deceniber 21 to Christmas Jan 1 20 April to Spring 28 V a c a t i o n 30 Memorial Day May T h i s calendar i s s u b j e c t t o changes authorized by your School Board, S t a t e Department o f Education, o r when school i s c a l l e d o f f because o f dangerous storms or emergencies. The minimum l e g a l requirement i s 180 days. T h i s calendar a l l o w s 6 days f o r emergencies. No school n o t i f i c a t i o n w i l l be b r o a d c a s t from r e g i o n a l radio stations. I n presenting t h i s pamphlet we the Farmington C i v i d s c l a s s e s , f e e l t h a t we have demonstrated what a coraraunity e f f o r t by townspeople and students a l i k e can acconplish when d i r e c t e d toward a common g o a l . We would l i k e t o express our gratitude t o the many businessmen, p r o f e s s i o n a l persons and organizations whose i n v a l u a b l e help and f i n a n c i a l a s s i s t a n c e enabled u s t o p u b l i s h t h i s booklet boosting Farmington. Our s p e c i a l thanks go t o Mr, Louis F o s t e r , of F o s t e r s P r e s s , who printed t h i s pamphlet. Without h i s aid we would have been tinable to s u c c e s s f u l l y con^lete t h i s p r o j e c t . We, the members o f the Freshman C i v i c s c l a s s , are sponsoring t h i s pamphlet i n the hopes t h a t through i t the townspeople w i l l take an even greater i n t e r e s t i n Fanaington and the happenings of t h e i r town. As you probably know, the main purpose of our C i v i c s c l a s s i s t o b u i l d good c i t i z e n s h i p and t o f o s t e r a f u l l appreciation and understsk^ding o f our government, both l o c a l , s t a t e , and f e d e r a l . By means of t h i s booklet we are working toward t h i s goal i n what we f e e l i s both an i n t e r e s t i n g and revTarding manner. We have enjoyed preparing t h i s pamphlet and hope t h a t you w i l l f i n d i t u s e f u l i n the year ahead. •JttKHHHHHt A l l our r e s p o n s i M l i t i e s , both c i v i c and moral, a r e based on one thing, the Golden Rule, I n e l e c t i o n s we observe t h i s by r e g i s t e r i n g and voting and by helping t o put into o f f i c e persons who w i l l run our government i n a worthy manner. By not being a l i t t e r b u g we keep our country b e a u t i f u l f o r o t h e r s . By paying taxes we provide the means f o r our c h i l d r e n to become worthy guardians of our American t r a d i t i o n s . Above a l l , we must s e t the proper example f o r each other, "Doing unto others as you would have them do unto you" i s a motto which we should a l l s t r i v e to put i n t o everyday use. -9-e- �FARICTNGTON FIRE ALARM AND EMERGENCY SIGNALS T e l . 755-2222 T e l . 755-2231 Fire Station Police Department I n s t r u c t i o n s : To blow the f i r e alarm p u l l down white door, p u l l hook way down, and then l e t go. 5 6 l6 21 23 2k 25 26 31 32 3k 7* 35 36 kl lil2 k2 k3 Ul3 hS U5l 123 k6 13* 51 52 53 61 62 63 12 lU 2 22 IS^ Fire Station Congregational Church Library Chestnut & C e n t r a l Catholic Church Perkins Ave. High & Maple Central & High Pleasant & Summer Union & Church Spring & Memorial Dr. Provinces Spring, near bridge End of Spring Main, Edgerly Park Orange & School On Square, or Bank Main & Winter Upper North Main So. Main, High School Near Mooney's M i l l Mooney's M i l l Peavey H i l l Pine K n o l l Section E. Grove & Lone S t a r Bunker & Mt. Pleasant Lone Star & KLm L i n c o l n & Glen Glen & B l a i n e Charles & West Milton Rd, Brush F i r e Qnergency Strokes, A l l out No School, 7:30 A. M. End of Elm S t r e e t • I n d i c a t e s No Boxes at these l o c a t i o n s ~ C a n be sounded a t s t a t i o n * CIVIL DEFENSE AIR RAID ALERT SIGNALS Repeated B l a s t s on Whistle and S i r e n j A l l Clear, 2 B l a s t s aSGISTER TO VOTE BE A GOOD CITIZEN = — VOTB SUPPORT THE PARTY OF YOUR CHOICE -11- �ORGANIZATIONS CHURCH DIRECTORY American Legion F r e d r i c k Sabine 1st & 3rd Tues. - 7:30 American Legion Auxiliary Leona E l l i o t 2nd & Uth Tues. C. A. R. Farmington F i s h and Game Club Nicholas Servetas 1 s t Tuesday Club House Mrs. F r o i d Library F r a n c i s Shulte S t . Peters H a l l Ladies A i d Farmington & New Durham H i s t o r i c a l Society E l s i e Hart Congregational Church I r e n e Wentworth 1 s t F r i . or S a t . Library Masons Carolyn Canney D. A. R. Knights of A l t a r Farmington Womens Club Beulah Thayer Friday Afternoon Library Dukes 500 Boys Club Walter C. Greeley 1st Wednesday no meetings J u l y 6 Aug. Masonic H a l l Odd Fellows Moses Worster Odd Fellows H a l l Don Place Eastern Star B e m i c e Card 2nd Tuesday Bud T h e r r i e n l a s t Tuesday F i r e House Meaderboro Rd. m Club Extension Group Nancy Servetas 3rd Thursday High School Pauline Scruton 1st Monday Community House Grange Farmington Businessmens Association Monroe Reed Kiwannis G. Champagne every other Mon. Grange H a l l -12- Audrey King—Thursday—^Wagon Wheel P i l g r i m Fellowship Arthur Zins Congregational Church RainbovT G i r l s Mary Lord 2nd & Uth Thurs. 7 P. M. Masonic H a l l A. P. T. Enid D i P r i z i o L a s t Tues, of moni 7:30 - High School ADVENT CHRISTIAN - Farmington - Rev. Charles D. Ransom 38 Orange S t . - 755-22li5 10:00 A. M. Sunday School 11:00 A. M. Horning Service 11:30 A. M. Junior Church 5:30 P. M. Youth Fellowship 7:00 P. M. Evening Worship Service 7:00 P. M. Wednesday Prayer Service FARMINGTON PENTECOSTAL - Farmington - John H. Sindorf Elm S t r e e t 9:16 A. M. Sunday School 11:00 A. M. Morning Worship 7:30 P. M. F^vening Service 7:30 P. M. Tuesday Prayer Meeting 7:30 P. M. Friday Bible Study FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH - Farmington - Rev. Robert M. Carlen 9:U5 5:ii5 6:30 7:00 A. M. Sunday School 11:00 A. M. Morning Service P. M. Young Peoples 7:00 P. M. Gospel Hour P. 11. Tuesday - Men's Fellowship P. M. Wednesday - VJomen's Fellowship FIRST CdJGREGATIONAL - Farmington - Rev. Joseph Simone Main S t r e e t - 755-2215 9:30 A. M. Sunday School Ages 6 through 18 11:00 A. M. S\mday School Nursery through age 5 11:00 A. M. Worship Service 6:30 P. M. P i l g r i m Fellowship MDDLETON GOSPEL CHAPEL - Uel Gardner Iliddleton 10:00 A. M. STinday B i b l e School 11:00 A. M. Morning Worship 7:00 P. M. Evening Gospel Service ST. PETER'S CATHOLIC - Rev. Arthur J . Dufour,,S. T. L. 90 Central S t . — 755-2280 Sunday Masses - 8, 9:30,11 Benediction of Blessed Sacrament - Sunday 1|:00 Weekday masses at 7 A. M. Saturday Morning Mass a t 7:30 A. M. -13- ��BUSINESS DIRECTORY B U S I N E S S D I R E C T O R Y of FARI'-IINGTON, JiI?,"J HAJ^IPSHIRE Within the following pages you w i l l f i n d as complete a directory of the businessmen and women engaged i n serving the people of Farmington as we could possibly gather. Included i n the Directory are the names, addresses, telephone ntmbers, and hours of the businessmen of Farmington and v i c i n i t y . 1-Jithout the f i n a n c i a l assistance of these people t h i s pamphlet would not have been possible, Vie c e r t a i n l y hope that you w i l l support the future growth of Farmington-by consulting t h i s directory'whenever you do your shopping. I t should be noted that most stores are closed on Wednesday afternoons and are open t i l l 9 P. K, on Friday evenings. I-Jhere i n d i v i d u a l businessmen could not be reached information was gathered from other sources. Although we have attempted to make t h i s pamphlet as accurate as possible we r e a l i z e the p o s s i b i l i t y of error and express our apologies f o r any e r r o r s which may appear. ALUMINUM WINDOWS & DOORS: Bruce Roberts—10 S i l v e r S t . Roch. 332-1378—On G a l l ANTIQUES: Ridgeway Antiques—Ridge Road—On G a l l Trading Post—Mechanic St.—755-U391 APARTMENTS: Browning Rooms—North Main S t . C a r l Canney—1 Charles St.—755-6322 Gray's Apartments—North Main St.—755-8583 Wilbrod L a j o i e — 1 9 Central St.—755-8381 The Schulte Apartments—18 C e n t r a l St.—755-U773, Cornelius S u l l i v a n — 5 0 South Main St.—755-9781 Rest Awhile Inn—2U C e n t r a l S t . ARTESIAN WELLS: Alton R. M a s k e l l — 8 G a r f i e l d St.—755-8501—On C a l l ASPHALT: Mn. V i c k e r s & Sons Inc.—^Rochester Rd.—On C a l l AUCTIONEER: Edward Burbank—755-222U—On C a l l George M i c h a e l s — S u n s e t V i l l a g e — R o c h e s t e r — 3 3 2 - 9 7 6 8 Adam P e r k i n s — 3 3 Winter St.—755-2228—On C a l l BANKS: Farmington F i r s t National B a n k — C e n t r a l S t r e e t 755-2755—9 A.M. to' 2 P.M. Friday k P.M. t o 5 P.M. BUILDING & LOAN: Farmington B u i l d i n g and Loan A s s o c i a t i o n 6 South Main St.—755-9291—8 A.M. to 5 P.M. BARBER SHOPS: Rundlett'.s Barber Shop—Main S t . — A . M . zo 6 P.M. White's Barber Shop—Main-St.—8 A.M. to 6 P.M^ -16- BUILDING Harry Bruce Jerry CONTRACTORS: Knox—106 No. Main St.—755-2232—7 A.M. to h P.M. Roberts—10 S i l v e r St.—Roch,—332-1378—On C a l l S t e w a r t — 7 G a r f i e l d St.—755-6382—7 A.M. t o 5 P.M. -17- �BUSINESS DIRECTORY BUSINESS DIRECTORY David Q. Towle—36 C e n t r a l St.—755-6681—On C a l l CABINET MAKERS: Bruce Roberts—10 S i l v e r St.—Rochester—332-1378—On C a l l J e r r y S t e w a r t — 7 G a r f i e l d S t . — 755-6382—7 A.M. t o 5 P.M. CATTLE D E A L ^ Robert Drew—Town—755-8U71~2U Hrs. a day Laverdiere—10 Rod Rd.—Rochester—332-1790—On C a l l CLOTHING (CHILDRENS): Aikenb Dry Goods—Central Sq.—755-9511—9 A.M. t o 5:30 P.M. CLOTHING (MEN & BOIS): J.P. Hurd S t o r e — C e n t r a l Sq.—755-9232—8:30 A.M. t o 5:30 P.M. Wed, Forenoon F r i . 8:30 A.M. t o 9 P.M, CLOTHING (WOMEN & GIRLS): Aiken's Diy Goods—Central Sq,—755-9511—9 A.M. t o 5:30 P.M. Arlene's Dress Shiip—9 No. Main St.—9:00.';A.M. to 5:30 P.M, Ruth's Dress S h o p — C e n t r a l S t . — 1 0 A.M. t o 5s30 P.M. F r i . 10 A.M. t o 9:00 P.M. COAL: D i c k i e ' s — 8 Winter St.—755-2259—On C a l l CONSTRUCTION WORK: A.J. Cameron Central St.—755-9271—8 A.M. t o 5 P.M. Ernest Cardinal—Bamstead—776-2566—On C a l l Baerabn E l e c t r i c — N o . Main St.—755-U752—On C a l l C a r l I d U j e d a h l — M o u n t a i n Rd.—West Milton—755-U25U Wii. Vickers & Sons Inc.—^Rochester Rd.—On C a l l DAIRI BARS: Dot's Snalijk B a r — S p r i n g S t . — U P.M. to 10 P.M. Wagon Wheel Dairy Bar—Henry Wilson Hgwy—10 A.M. t o 10 P.M. DAIRI PRODUCTS: Lavedier—10 Rod Rd—Rochester—332-1709—on call Great Elm Farm, Inc.—RFD3, Dover N.H.—332-5085—on c a l l R. Klein—Meaderboro Rd.-Roch.—332-1*638—on c a l l iScruton's Dairy—Meaderboro Rd.—Roch.—332-1130—on c a l l DOUGHNUT SHOPS AND PASTRY: Ann's Donut Shop—Mechanic S t . — 6 am to 6 pm Gloria Berry—(Bread) Ul* Spring St.—755-6U5U—9 am to 6 pm S t a r Lunch—So. Main St.—Evenings Peggy's Homemade P a s t r i e s — 1 9 Tappan St.—755-95U2—Weekdays 12-7 F r i . 9-9 Sat. 9-6 DRY GOODS: Aiken's Dry Goods Central Sq.—755-9511—9 am to 5:30 pm ELECTRONIC SALES: Brooks E l e c t r i c a l Repair Elm St.—755-U672—on c a l l aaerson E l e c t r i c Con?)any No. Main St.—755-U752—on c a l l Harvey's Home Appliances 10 Grove St.—755-8783—8 am to 5 pm Makley's 3 Winter S t . — o n . c a l l Maple Leaf Maintenance 30 Maple St.—755-61U1—on c a l l Peter's Rochester Rd.—755-9981—on c a l l days Wilkins Gas and E l e c t r i c , I n c . Central St.—755-2233—6:30 am to 5:30 pm FOOTWEAR: J.P. Hurd Store Central Sq.—755-9232—8:30 am to 5:30 forenoon Wed, Fri.8:30 am to 9 pm -1819- �BUSINESS DIRECTORY FUNHIAL DIRECTORS: Davenport Funeral Home—-16 Charles St.—755-8231—2!| hour service Peaslee Funeral Home—32 Central St.—755-8311—On C a l l FUNERAL MONUMENTS: Smalley, Daverio, & lyons. Inc.—755-61*91—or 332-3676—On Call GARBAGE COLLECTORS: Jim R i l e y — B o x 552—Barnstead—776-2581*—On C a l l GROCIRT STORES: A & P—Main St.—Monday t o Wednesday 9 A.M. t o 6 P.M, Thursday—8:30 A.M. t o 8 P.M. F r i d a y — 8 : 3 0 A.M. t o 9 P.M. Saturday—8:30 A.M. t o 6 P.M. Central S t . Grocery—72 Central St.—755-2238—9 A.M. to 9 P.M. C l i n e & Chasse—Spring St.—755-1*91*1—6 A.M. t o 11:1*5 P.M. Eddie's V a r i e t y S t o r e — S o u t h Main S t . — 9 A.M. to 11 P.M. F i r s t N a t i o n a l — I f e i n St.—Monday through T h u r s . — 9 A.M. to 6 P.M.—Friday—8:30 A.M. t o 9 P.M.—Saturday—8:30 A.M. to 6 P.M. Gelinas Market—13 No. Main St.—755-8171—Monday through Thurs. & S a t . — 8 A.M. t o 6 P.M.—Friday—8 A.M. to 9 P.M. L a j o i e ' s Discount S t o r e — C e n t r a l S t . — 8 A.M. t o 8 P.M. Midway Gas—Route 11—6 A.M. t o 9 P.M. P e l l e t i e r ' s Wholesale Plus 10$g—No. Main St.—755-1*651 Monday to Wednesday—9 A.M. t o 6 P.M. Thursday—9 A.M. t o 8 P.M. F r i d a y — 9 A.M. t o 9 P.M. S a t u r d a y — 9 A.M. t o 6 P.M. Quality Market—8 Main St.—755-8321*—8 A.M. to 6 P.M. Vamey's S t o r e — l l * No. Main St.—755-9911~Weekdays—7:30 A.> to 9 P.M.—Sundays—9-12:30—1* P.M. t o 8 P.M. W a l t ' s — l l * Spring St.—755-9031—7:30 A.M. to 11:00 P.M. Wagon Wheel S t o r e — R o c h e s t e r Rd.—755-981*1—6 A.M. to 8 P.M. BUSINESS DIRECTORY GUNS: Charles Gun Shop—Charles St.—755-8226—Evenings, Sat. & Sim. HAIRDRESSmS & BEAUTY SHOPS: Breezeway Beauty Shop—70 Central St.—755-2286—On C a l l Hideaway S a l o n — S p r i n g St.—755-2217—On C a l l , Closed Wed. Joan's Beauty S a l o n — l l * Bunker St.—755-1*271—On C a l l S t e l l a ' s Beauty Salon—Main S t . — 9 A.M. t o 9 P.M. HARDWARE & HOUSEWARE: Farmington Gas & Appliance Co.—28 North Main St.—755-1*191 8 A.M. t o 5 P.M. Ray F o r t i e r , Central S t . — 9 : 3 0 A.M. t o 5:30 P.M. Closed Wed. 9 A.M. t o 9 P.M. on Friday Harvey's Home A p p l i a n c e — 1 0 Grove St.—755-8783—8 A.M.-5 P.M. Palmer's Hardware Co. I n c . — 6 So. Main St.—755-1*51*1 7:30 A.M. to 5:30 P.M. Wilkins Gas & E l e c t r i c Co. I n c . — C e n t r a l St.—755-2233— 6:30 A.M. to 5:30 P.M. INSURANCE: Farmington Insurance Agency—6 So. Main St.—755-9291—8 A.M. to 5 P.M. F r a n k l i n P. L i b e r t y I n s . I n c . — M a i n St.—755-61*21 P e l l e t i e r Insurance Agency—1*2 No. Main S t . — 9 A.M. t o 5 P.M. 755-8861 or 755-8863 Frances L. F e n n e l — 1 6 So. Main St.—755-6591—9 A.M. t o 5 P.M. JEWELRY: Ray F o r t i e r , C e n t r a l S t . — 9 : 3 0 A.M. t o 5:30 P.M. Closed Wed. 9 A.M. t o 9 P.M. on Fridays KENNELS: Cocheco K e n n e l s — l l * Church St.—755-6181—On C a l l Shady Pine Kennels—Lone S t a r Ave.—On C a l l LANDSCAPING & SOD: A. J . Cameron—Central St.—755-9271—8 A.M. t o 5 P.M. -20- -21- �BUSINESS DIRECTORY BUSINESS DIRECTORY LAUNDHT: Laundromat—Central oq,—on c a l l C u l l e n Cleaners I n c . — 8 E l a Court—Rochester—332-2359 LIMBER AND BUILDING MATERIALS: A.J. Cameron—Central St.—755-9271—8 am to 5 pm Charles D i P r i z i o and Sons I n c . — R . F . D . Union—1*73-2206 or 1*73-2388—7 am to 5:30 pm T i b b e t t s Lumber Co.—755-8511—7 am to 5:30 pm Mon. through S a t . LUNCH CARTS: Jim R i l e y — B o x 552—Bamstead—755-2581*—on c a l l ^ ^ ^ ^ o l d Drug S t o r e — C e n t r a l Square—755-8711—8 A.M. to 9 P.M. 8 A.M. to 12:30 Sunday PHOTOGRAPHY: E a r l H. B l a k e — 5 Spring St.—755-6961—on c a l l Uel A. Gardner—Pinecrest—755-2236—on c a l l PLUMBING: , , Maple Leaf Maintenance—30 Maple St.—755-611*1—on c a l l Wilkins Gas & E l e c t r i c I n c . — C e n t r a l St.—755-2233 6:30 A.M,-5:30 P.M. Walter Searles—New Durham—Bamstead MOCCASINS: Quoddy Moccasins—Merrymeeting L a k e — o n c a l l MACHINIST: Maple Leaf Maintenance—30 Maple St.—755-6ll*l~on c a l l J.C. Sirams—Central S t . — 9 am to 5 pm MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS AND LESSONS: V i c ' s Organ S t u d i o — 2 8 " C e n t r a l S t . — E v e n i n g s 7 to 9 Saturday 9 am to 9 pm N1£WS PAPER.: The Farmington N e w s — C e n t r a l Sq,—755-2265—on c a l l NURSERY AND SHRUBS: L. E. Cameron's N u r s e r y — 1 5 Winter Court—755-1*781—on c a l l PAINTING CONTRACTOR: C. S u l l i v a n — 5 0 South Main St.—755-9781—7 am to 5 pm PETROLEUM: D i c k i e ' s — 8 Winter St.—755-2259—on c a l l Gray's Petroleum—3l* No. Main St.—755-91*71—on c a l l Harvey's Home A p p l i a n c e s — 1 0 Grove St.—755-8783—8 am to 5 pm Lord F u e l Co,—1*2 Lone S t a r Ave.—755-6391—on c a l l -22- POWER EQUIPMENT: Ripley's—Mechanic St,—755-9111—8 A.M. to 8 P.M. PRINTING: Foster's P r e s s — W i n t e r St.—755-9001—on c a l l The Farmington News—Central Sq.—755-2265—on c a l l PRODUCE: Clara Goodwin—117 Central St.—755-8821—on c a l l PROPANE GAS; Rural Gas Service Inc.—Meeting Hse. H I . Rd.—755-22U1 Farmington Gas & Appliance Co.—28 No. Main St.—755-hl91 Harvey's Home Appliances—10 Grove St.—755-8793—8 A,M, to 5 P.> REMNANT: Bumo's Remnant S t o r e — 8 Orange St,—755-91*51—on c a l l RESTAURANTS: ^. , Dot's Lunch—Route 11—New Durham-Triangle 5-1*682—6 A.M. to 9P. K i k i ' s Restaurant—So, Main St,—755-9801—Mon. to Thurs, & Sat. 5:30 A.M. to 9 P.M. F r i d a y — 5 : 3 0 A.M. t o 11 P.M. 23' �BUSINESS DIRECTORY BUSINESS DIRECTORY Roy's Ltmcheonette—Main S t . — $ A.M. to 11 P.M. Star Lunch—So. Main St.—Donuts—Open Nights Wagon Wheel Restaurant—^Rochester Rd.—755-9851 Weekdays—9 A.M. to 8 P.M.—Weekends—9 A.M. to 9 P.M. RESTAURANT SUPPLT: W.H. Davenhall and S o n s — C e n t r a l St.—755-2262—On C a l l SHOE SHOPS: Imperial Shoe Co.—Soe Main St.—755-2218—7 am to I* pm Modem Heel Co. Inc.—No. Main St.—755-6311—7 am to 3:30 pm P&M Heel Co.—East Grove Street—755-9221 ?ESTS HOMES: miley's Rest Home—29 Union St.—755-U761—On C a l l lOOFING: McFarlin Roofing Co.~2 Spring St.—755-9501—On C a l l 5EPTIC TANKS: Pence Tanks—Maple Court—755-9032—On C a l l lERVICE STATIONS AND GAS STATIONS: Ajax Garage—Mechanic St.—755-9111—8 A.M. to 8 P.M. Bob's Garage—Mechanic S t . — 8 A.M. to 8 P.M. Cardinal Service S t a t i o n — S o . Main St.—755-93ll2~8 A.M. to 8 P.M. Cline & Chasse—Spring St.—755-1*9^1—6 A.M. to 11:1*5 P.M. Currier's Garage--Pleasant St.—755-5U31—On C a l l Davis Motor Mart—So. Main St.—755-9U31—On C a l l DiPrizio«s Garage Inc.—RFD 1, Middleton—U37-2U89 7 A.M. to 5:30 P.M. Farmington Motor Co.—26 So. Main St.—755-2291—On C a l l Herb's Body Shop—21 Central St.—755-871*1—On C a l l mdway Gas—Route 11—6 A.M. to 9 P.M. Place's Esso S t a t i o n — C e n t r a l St.—755-U996—7 A.M. to 9 P.M. Ricker«s Garage—Spring St.—755-8531—9 A.M. tb 6 P.M. Secord's Service S t a t i o n — S o . Main St.—755-88ll—6 A.M. to 8 P.M, Wagon Wheel Store—Rochester Rd,—755-981*1—6 A.M. to 8 P,M, W a l t ' s — l U Spring St.—755-9031—7:30 A,M, to 11:00 P,M, -2U- SIGN MAKING: Hanson's Sign Shop—Main S t . — o n c a l l SOCIAL: Farmington Cafe—Main S t . — 6 am to 9 pm Farmington Country Club—Henry Wilson Hgwy.—755-1*1*91 Tom's B i l l i a r d P a r l o r — 2 9 No. Main S t . — 8 am to 9 pm STATE LIQUOR STORE—South Main S t . Mon.-Tues.-Wed.-Sat.—10 am to 5:30 Thurs.—10 am to 12:30 pm Friday—10 am to 8 pm pm TELEVISION AND RADIO REPAIRS: Bowden's—Glenn Court—755-1*286—on -call Pete's TV Antennas and Rotors—RFD2-Box 35 Roch.—755-99 C a l l Days TELEPHONE: Union Telephone Co. Subscribers—1100 Serves—Alton, New Durham, Farmington, Bamstead, Gilmanton I r o n Works, and Strafford THRIFT SHOPPE: Ladies Aid Society—Congregational Church—Main Street F r i d a y s — 1 0 am to 6 pm TRANSPORTATION: Farmington Motor Co.—26 So. Main St.—755-2291—on c a l l Senter's Taxi—Main St.—755-9801—6 am to 9 pm—Fri. 6 am to 11 pm Trailways Bus Co.—agent-Osgood's Pharmacy—755-8711 Woodman's Taxi Service—Main St.—755-6101—6 am to 6 pm -25- �BUSINESS DIRECTORY BUSINESS DIRECTORY LAWYERS TRDCONG: Leaxy'8 Trucking—776-256l--on c a l l — B a m s t e a d Eugene Nute So. Main S t . 755-6631 8 A.M.—5 P.M. 8 A.M.—12 on Saturdays E r r o l l Hall So. Main S t , 755-6091 9 A.M.—5 P.M. USED GOODS: Bargain Center—20 Mechaiic S t . — 8 A.H. t o 6 P.M. VARIETT STORE: DOCTORS Wilbrod U J o i o — 1 9 C e n t r a l St.—755-8381—8 iE«M. t o Reed»8—22 Main S t . — 9 A.M, t o 5:30 P.M. WINDOW GLEAHNES: 8 P.M. Schulte»8—18 C e n t r a l St.—755-U773—on c a l l WIBE BRUSHES & FLOES: F . W. Browne C o . — S p r i n g St.—755-6271—on c a l l WOODTURirENG: G. F . Hooney & Sons I n c . — S o . Main Monday throngh F r i d a y 7 A.M. t o U P.M.—Production 7 A.M. t o U:30 P.M.—Office George E. Quinn Central S t . 755-2275 9 A.M.—10 A.M. 1:30 P.M 3 P.M. 7 P.M 8 P.M. No hours on Wed, or Saturday Robert Lord U8 C e n t r a l S t . 755-6153 9 A.M.—10 A.M. 1:30 P.M.—U P.M. 7 P M . 9 P.M. No hours on Wednesday or Saturday night St.—755-2211 DEMTISTS Roger H, Morrison 3 Main S t r e e t 755-U631 9 A.H.—12 A.M. 1:30 P.M.—5 P.M. " I t i s a mighty good town t o l i v e i n e s p e c i a l l y f o r poor f o l k s and i t may be t r u t h f u l l y added t h a t p e o p l e of w e a l t h a l s o f i n d Farmington a p l e a s a n t p l a c e t o r e s i d e . I t i s a c l e a n American town o f about 4,000 i n h a b i t a n t s and i t i s a ccamunity t h a t minds i t s own b u s i n e s s , but p a r t of t h a t b u s i n e s s , a c c e p t e d w i t h o u t q u e s t i o n i s t o be t h e k i n d e s t and most h e l p f u l people t o each o t h e r c o n c e i v a b l e . . . . . . . . . . SUPPORT THE BUSINESSMEN AND PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE OF FARI-IINGTON KEEP FARMINGTON CLEAN BE A GOOD CITIZEN From a n a r t i c l e by t h e l a t e A d e l a i d e C i l l e y Waldron p u b l i s h e d i n 1895 i n t h e G r a n i t e Monthly DON'T BE A LITTER BUG -REGISTER-. ATTEND THE CHURCH OF YOUR CHOICE AS OFTEN AS POSSIBLE -27- -26- -VOTJ; �STAFF PAGE e d i t o r i n chief......Mary Rundlett associate editor Donna Secord layout c h i e f . J a n e s Schulte news e d i t o r ..Cathy Mooney a s s t . news editor.,..Sandy Rouleau business manager P h i l Marcoux p u b l i c a t i o n manager Linda Campbell a s s t . p u b l i c a t i o n manager.Trudy G o s l i n government e d i t o r S a l l y Hart business e d i t o r . , , . . Sue lepene p r o f e s s i o n a l e d i t o r . . . . . . . S a l l y Jensen History editor Bernard Nason features editor Sarah Guay church e d i t o r .Betty Gates correspondence Don Thurston s o l i c i t o r s manager.........Howard Oian^agne assembly manager...........Don P l a c e d i s t r i b u t i o n manager.......Fred Gates A s s i s t e d by the combined Fteshman C i v i c s c l a s s e s of Farmington High School Credits: Typing: Miss Kathleen J a c k s o n , I n s t r u c t o r T y p i s t s : Donna Downs Dlann Smith Nancy Mazur Mariljm Snith Town Map and F i r e Alarm Box L i s t i n g s : Farmington Insurance Agency SKETCHES: Gary Vigue - Peter Galo - Barry E l l i o t -28- SPACE I S PROVIDED ON THIS PAGE FOR BOTH NOTES YOUR OWN IMPORTANT TELEPHONE NUMBERS: AND �� https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/49147e6d31c32d77e42a947db3f94572.pdf?Expires=1784764800&Signature=upQm6ecrGQkO88vBXDSpl9NV-Fk1XoYORXNvLGY5wYInFlw0Yf1P2fzXOX5-xWjn8CD8ysUuad1TnbgUes8uuwNxSMpbirBgUQxWLC5wIKCnKidwHV7k0B-4duPwIt7gRcBQOHOEIoC-wU0ufkQUa8uX3oSeCVGhBPWMRAufTYOPHXoRIPxKwFOx-ifvxQfcvF39JO2Dc7hBV9Oe3f7nnXzqy8tZPa4MZ1dcqv6j0vUG6gobb8OSRRNLlux%7E3ke2LMeUMdl2zAwM%7EA%7EZVJO%7EXskqwB5KXPJV9QbZPzaVflnB57tSxL73U5-d%7Ejg9GnBFD1x6lBgPRP9q%7EOKLFhp8-Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0ce11a8856c40cb0e3c1f6e083e6ccf1 PDF Text Text OPEN LETTER DEAR CITIZENS: THE FARMINGTON HIGH SCHOOL FRESHMAN CIVICS CLASS HAS PREPARED THIS PAMPHLET THROUGH THE GENEROUSITY OF THE BUSINESSMEN OF FARMINGTON. WE WOULD L I K E TO PUBLICLY THANK THEM FOR THEIR INVALUABLE HELP AND COOPERATION. THIS PAMPHLET WAS DISTRIBUTED ON A NIGHT WELLKNOWN FOR MISCHIEF BECAUSE WE WISHED TO SHOW YOU THAT NOT ALL TEENAGERS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THESE PRANKS. INSTEAD, WE WANT TO IMPRESS UPON YOU THAT THEY CAN BE CONSTRUCTIVE AND HELPFUL, I F THEY ARE GIVEN A CHANCE. RATHER THAN THE USUAL KNOCK ON YOUR DOOR FOR A TRICK OR TREAT, THESE CIVICS CLASS STUDENTS CHOSE TO SPEND THEIR TIME THIS EVENING DELIVERING THIS BOOKLET TO YOU. RESPECTFULLY YOURS, THE EDITORS � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documents, Papers, & Articles Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1961 Directory of Farmington NH -Welcome to Puddledock USA Description An account of the resource Directory of Farmington NH Welcome to Puddledock USA. Created by students in the mid 1960's the directory lists town, history businesses, elected officials, emergency and religious information from the period outlined. Size 6.75"x9" FHS-RKL Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1961 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Farmington High School freshman civics classes. Instructor Thomas J. Watman. Full duty attribution list is available on page 28 of the document. Printed by Foster's Press, Farmington, NH Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1961 business directory elders elections Farmington NH information Puddledock schools https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/371ed3321b69cc1a89e8cb3e5d5ba283.pdf?Expires=1784764800&Signature=hm5FC-yw8EwVcMnh3BIKQ-VQ5cka2qwRhJx%7ElfYxIqd-JDKwfNUyMunarYeIa1pJ9xSc48qk1h-OYaXtCkQ-OpDnYLBv4HRmkFf14oZV7uGqe-lMCicVWsnuieU3AS64nmqXBPFbxrZ-wylqPJGjydwpjSydxM%7EZG3qLjOusL32y4vbD3ekDDL48vSVPiA5JuG2156A3EcWE164lDEnrt6A-cPlKllWZYUHdDjs94p2Gh4SPDEVdNdP5rcThPcT2WjPzuPO%7ERiQIEBvNjFBXVEvUiLT6beiRCoVWmjEzAUixBdDW0n3cUinm6MMzvgFpJyiuj3%7E3R28Y7jYO9b5zpQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a97d75e02ff949e54a5058179252f107 PDF Text Text Among the. Merchants. The Farmington News FRIDAY DDC. 20, 1907. , PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY MORNING t.At Farmington, N. H., by EDWIN H. T H O M A S . Wo wish It understood that for printing a card of thanks we chargo 60 cents, and five cents a lino for lilt of flowers »nd for resolutions. ,_ T B B M OF SUBSCRIPTION: 8 - Ono year, • •• $1.50 If paid In advanco, • . $1.00 Six months • - ~ .60 Three months,, - .25 Correspondence on matters oMocal Interest In ttio town is cordially invited. All communications must be accompanied by the name of writer, not .necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. • Advertising rates reasonable and furnished on application. ^ • A adreas all ordors and communications to ; J • FARMINGTON NEWS, Farmington, N. H Bon'voyage: ,-The fleet ~ A Merry Chriitnua to all our friends Bed men had the town Wednesday night. Now«Heaven forbid a green Obnatmaa in theariow line*. V . . , - . IN MEMORIAM. Farmington merchants are exceeding­ ly busy these .days in their efforts to make the best possible display of holi­ day goods and so far they have succeed­ ed. T h e shp.w, windows never presented a more attractive ' appearance than at the present time. T h e stores are well stocked and the merchants are ready to give the trading public' of Farmington and vicinity a large and most attractive stock of . g o o d s " from which to make their holiday selection.) Many report that trade is already starting well and that a great many goods are being put aside for later delivery. The business outlook in Farmington is particularly good, nearly everyone being busy which assures the merchants of an excellent holiday trade. A traveling.man w h o baa visited Farmington for 25 years, was in town Monday and. reported that he re­ ceived a n o r d e r a t e v e r y place he called and that business was better in Farm­ ington than any place be knew of. It was one of the bright places on the map, We call the attention of the public to the m e r c h a n t s ' a d s ' i n the N E W S ; this -week's paper contains s o m e very attrac tive announcements. A great many friends, including those in Farmington, have been saddened by the decease of Miss,Jennie E. NUes on last Thursday at the private hospital of Dr. Emerson, in Boston,-whither she had been taken as a last resort, with a faint hope* of prolonging her life. Ev­ erything possible for her comfort was done b y devoted relatives, both at home anu in Boston, and her passing away is deeply mourned. The funeral took place Sunday afternoon at the School street M. E. church in Berwick. Members of the Sullivan high school class of 18S3,of whiob the deceased was a. graduate, at­ tended in a-body, and a large company of friends gave token in their presence and by the many beautiful flowers, of their, esteem apd sympathy. Among family connections at the solemn service was Mrs S. B*. Waldron of Farmington. The casket waa placed in the receiving tomb to await interment in the family lot in the Farmington cemetery. Miss Niles, born in Boston, Oct. 20, 1804, was the daughter o f Harris W , and Mrs. Lovey (Libbey) Niles, the latter dying when little Jennie was but a few years old. T h e child then made her home with..her aunt, Mrs. Ferrell, in Chelsea, until the marriage of her father to the*widow of D r . T u t t l e (Abbie Worster) of Somerswortb: She then return­ ed to hiB.care and to that of the mother between whom and herself there always existed an affectionate and enjoyable companionship. . ; - The First Church and Parish. PERSONAL. N. h. Parker was in Boston Wednes­ Probably two good .men whorhave day. . • charge of the regular collections at the Congregational church never were more : ; Charles Whitehouse of Middleton was pleasingly astonished in the course of in town this week. cheir Sunday duties than -were they on John F. Cloutman is slowly gaining December 15 when they found I n ' t h e from bis very serious illness. morning offering a cheque for five hun­ Miss Iva Whitehouse was a visitor in dred dollars," this amount to be known town Tuesday, from Rochester. asthe Lucy Dodge Memorial Fund.^the Edward F. Card has had a sharp at­ Income to he used iu the support of the tack of grip in the present week. church and its customary exercises. Frank J. Smith attended the State The name given recalls to the elder, peo­ at Manchester this ple of tho community t h e ' s t o r y of a grange meeting week. loyal soul whose .devotion is thus com­ memorated! but this ' should be known M r s . ' C . A . Jones relumed to Old also to our younger friends, - in merited Orchard Friday, accompanied h y . h e r regard for both past and. present,,and as sister, Mrs. George W . Tanner. a l e 8 8 o n f o r t h e future. In tho period ' Mr. and Mrs." Irving S. Grace have of the civil war Mrs. Martha E. Edgerly c o m e home from the farm for the Season, (her first marriage having been t o ' Cap­ but the latter is visiting in Middleton tain Enoch Dodge who was'killed in the this week war) brought a homeless little black girl Do You Bat Pie? to her own home in South Berwick", Me.,] ... "S ' y ° e misslughalf the pleasure of and the child was known as.:Lucy life. Just order from your grocer a few pack­ ages of " O U R - P J E " and learn how easy It Is to Dodge. She was taught everything make Lemon, Chocolate, and Custard pies that practicable in the well appointed -house­ will please you. If your grocer won't simply you, go to one who will. ; hold, and at both c o m m o n , a n d Sunday schools, and became a faithful and com­ A Crisis and a Craze. petent housekeeper. She was nearly as There are t w o forces which cause much at home in Farmington ? as at modern England\to move—a crisis and South Berwick, attending her mistress a craze. It Is far less necessary t o d o in visits to her brothers, 'and to. ber sis­ something that It great n o w in this ter w h o was the first wife o f " James B. country than it Is to* d o something that Edgerly, and upon the marriage of. Mrs.' •will attract the attention of a great Dodge to. the latter,'several'-^ears after many. The circumstances might have the sister's decease, Lucy became per­ had a curious effect on the celebrated manently resident in town and was ever of:the past could they have delayed ex­ a devout attendant upon exercises^bf the isting until n o w . For lustance, Shake­ speare today would probably have had church, taking honest pleasure in con­ to attempt to swim the channel to sus­ tributing to its support and good works. tain the attention o f playgoers, Crom­ In failing health, after the decease' of well might have found it advisable -to her kind mistress", Lucy was given every,; take trips in a "navigable balloon" to possible care by the members pi the keep himself before the general public, family which.she held as hers, until she' Garrlck might have elected to descend followed those whose loss ' she > had from the skies In a parachute to adver­ mourned. It is l i k e ' the conscientious tise himself satisfactorily, and it might have been necessary -for the beautiful and public spirited head of the "house­ Duchess "of ^ Devonshire, to maintain hold,- James Bl Edgerly, to .have planned her social reputation, t o figure occa­ thus generously for the continuance of sionally in the divorce c o u r t Motor a part in the progress of the chnroh and accidents, thefts of jewelry and of parish, in the name of' the loyaljfriend other property, fires and civil and crim­ inal actions are, of course, more Impor­ whose memory is thus perpetuated* tant elements in the. building up and maintaining of a "reputation" among Possum. us n o w than is mere excellence.—Lon­ Preferably possum shor.ld be cjooked don Truth. over n wood fire In n.log cabin'anrj sea­ soned with the odorous blue snio[ke of Explosion by Music. hickory-' and ash as- the! lid o f the-i One o f the most dangerous of all ex­ oven is lifted n o w and again t o i g l y e plosives Is a black powder called Iodide a glimpse of the promised- viarid' to of nitrogen. When It'is dry the slight­ those w h o wait with whetted appetite est touch will- often cause It to explode f o r ' t h e coming feast. With the) pos­ with" great violence. There appears tc sum and tuters there should be. served be" a certain rate of vibration which either ,the ordinary Kentucky.":corn this compound cannot resist In ex­ pone—If. such an adjective may be) not. periments to determine the cause of Improperly applied to anything'so pare its-extreme explosiveness some, damp —or the Olympian cracklln* bread of iodide of nitrogen was rubbed on the the hog killing season. In justice to strings of a bass viol. It is known the possum it must be said -that .'nei­ that the strings of such an instrument ther corn pone nor crackllug bread is will vibrate when those of a similar necessary, but it serves well not- onlj Instrument hnriug nn equal tension are to mop up the gravy, but also to p r e played .upon. In this case, after the vent the possum and the yams from explosive had become thoroughly dry melting in the mouth too rapidly for upon the strings, another bass viol was the flavor to be enjoyed in the fullest. brought near and the strings sounded. The finest possums ori earth are found At a certain note the Iodide of nitro­ In the woodlands of the Pennyriie dis­ gen on the prepared Instrument ex­ trict of Kentucky, and they reach per­ ploded. It was found that the explo­ fection, about' the time the perfumed sion occurred only when a rate of vi­ pawpaw becomes so ripe that it falls bration o f sixty a second w a s com­ from the parent stem and reposes in municated to the prepared strings. Vi­ all of Its golden beauty'in the orange- bration of the G string caused an ex­ tinted leaves that the earth has first plosion, while, that of the E string had claimed as tribute from the frees foi no effect—Chicago. Record-Herald. her enrichment — Louisville Courier Journal. *, - . 1 Buy Soon. Xmas E ACH- CHRISTMAS.it is always a perplexing question, as to just what to purchase for a suitable gift.: The tendency of late years is to select • - articles that have the advantage of being sensible, practical and use- v ful, which proves our love, affection' or friendship^ much more, forcibly and serviceably than the fancy unpractical articles which formerly were used s o 'i extensively. . . _ •' • ; ' .-' " . . : ? : We submit a'list of articles that we trust may; assisl you in selecting :-' your Christmas presents, and-remember that the enormous stock which.we, . carry presents an opportunity for selection which few stores, if; any, in New Hampshire can equal. -". -- Clothing Dept. Fur Coats . Fur Lined Coats Overcoats 'Raincoats Reefers Suits Fancy Vests House Coats Bath Robes Russian Vests Beach Jackets - v. - . V : : t : Sweaters Cardigan Jackets -Sweater Cardigans... Detachable Fur Collars v Fur-Caps- . - Warm' Winter Caps Toques - : -, Tarns ". ••' Underwear Union Suits • Fancy Bosom Shirts " • """ . White Bosom Shirts; , Night. Shirts Heavy Wool Shirts, Soft Shirts. . Silk. Handkerchiefs Linen and Lawn Handkerchiefs.. • in handsome special boxes \ Susperidersin handsontespc'l box's Umbrellas in individual boxes Neckwear ; , ...Hosiery Fur Gloves , Fur Lined Gloves Dress Gloves. - Working Gloves, Knit Gloves • ; Mittens of all descriptions V Mufflers ' \ Sleeve. Elastics Garters V Wristers" ; Ear Protectors /Cuffs <& Collars. Cuff Buttons i Collar Buttons " 'StickPins,Etc. '•.>'•' ; • • • Beach Vests ; : : t /; : u i u i J. P . Bennett, a dealer in men's fur­ ' Epsom salts seem to b e coming up in nishings "during a long residence in the scientific world. Farmington, will fit one out with • every­ , T w o members of thiP cabinet,. Secre­ thing he may need in" his wardrobe or taries . Cortelyou and Metcalf, are ill in his'traveling trunks. ~ Just n o w his with grip. windows show a dazzling array of. neck ties, and a lady in search of a tie for Are your I stockings g o o d and'.ready gift will be certain to find there just the for that " n i g h t before Christmas, w^hen sort that will; please all concerned. In fact, ladies often g e t neckwear from the MRS CHABLES COOK. r- alt .through the h o u s e , " e t c etc. etc. .. men's clothier, for- their, own use; and I t is w i t h ' d e e p sorrow that the. de­ All the newspapers declare Thomas there are-other goods in "the Bennett cease of Mrs7 Charles Cook of Gardiner. H. Dearborn to be a hustler, and that store, w h i c h ' w o m e n are in the way of Me., has been learned by the people of it is. u p to pests to disappear or to be buying, her native town.-having taken place D e c . exterminated. >15, from' typhoid fever. M r s . Cook The address'of Ex-Governor Black o f was ' formerly Miss- Abbie Burnham, New Y o r k and N e w Hampshire, at the It is so natural to have the "giving daughter of R. T. and the late Mrs. Nan­ meeting of the state bar association in impulse," when thinking of friends, that cy (Pearl) Burnham of this village, Concord last Thursday, was one to b e of course Farmington alwayB gives home whe.re she was born in 1865. She, leaves read with profound consideration. It is people a g o o d holiday trade, be the her husband and five children, three replete with.wise and, serious sugges­ puree full or lean. Still oircumstances sons and two daughters, the youngest, tion. w : "' " V ; , • _.r . occasionally lead one to look, at goods boy being in his third year. -She la sur­ i n , neighboring cities. ." T h e ..Safford vived also by theleather,, two brothers Judge David Cross of Manchester, the mark, for instance, familiar to Farming- and two sisters, one of tho latter having i -• oldest practising lawyer in the United ton folk since 18G7, never could be been the daughter o£ Mrs. Burnnam States,* with a son who is both poet; and passed by, and Mr. Percival H . Safford an earlier.marriage, to the late -Stephen preacher,'gave "an' address Tuesday at will give' an. excellent bargain at his Horne, a brother of Jacob H o m e the old home of-Whtttier on occasion of Rochester store, in all sorts of fine North Main street. T h e funeral was the observance of the poet's centennial ware, in" gold, silver and jewels, rare held this - Thursday afternoon at the. -.rat Amesbury,-Mass.;;::. "~ and in clocks of every shape, i n . c u t home of one of the brothers, G. glass, gun-metal, and in trinkets, with Burnham of "Central street, and inter­ W e agree with the Laconia Democrat countless charming trifles.. ment is to be made in family grounds in in thls-wofd as to a recent .notable ad Pine Grove cemetery, where a y o u n g "The name of Feineman"'has been -; dr<i«sijy Governor jflojd: ••We'--reckon daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Cook was the governor made o u t t pretty strong household word in this vicinity for gen > buried a number of years ago. Mrs, defence for the Granite state, and at any orations, and all descendants of "Fred Cook was an excellent wife and mother and of " H e n r y , " as the. grandfathers , rate it is a pleasant relief from the" 'con­ and sister, and she was ever a true t i n u a l knocking^ fault-finding and .slurs used to call those diligent and - thrifty friend, while her fine qualities won - which most of our prominent men seem brothers, will find friends among our her, wherever she was, a warm and en : to delight in when they speak of New people, whether in one line of trade, or during respect and good will. She was .Hampshire and her institutions." . , another, and whatever the name over preeminently maternal in the best sense the d o o r in Rochester. of the word, and was especially happy ' I t could but be a scene o f splendor Lothrop and Farnfcam are old county when last Monday the-sailing signal by names .and ' are connected with the in the society of her loving and beloved President Koosevelt, from the Mayflower records of this community in more than children, over whom Bhe exercised a sa gacious and helpful influence. It seems was followed b y " u p anchor", from every one instance: -Certainly the firm of particularly distressing that, however ' vessel of. the great fleet of Rear Admiral Lothrop and Farnham will not be for­ she" will be missed in the circle of her Evans and his captains, and the column gotten by Farmington, and the n i m b e r near friends, and in her home, she has ,of.six miles in; length, close'formation, of lines among the- immense , stock of been taken from the little ones who ad set forth from" Hampton Roads for the the firm will supply every need: ded to the happiness, if also to the And having enjoyed a tour around the other side of the world. I t Is 'probably cares, of the parents and the elder cbil streets of this city or that, we come the only time when so magnificent dren. ' So fond was she, so kindly and •'speetacle.|revlewed'by s o . ploturesque home to find advantages equal to those s o ' wise in her~ love, . in her family . and remarkable . a figure - as Theodore in any place else, if not superior to the relations, her death is indeed an Roosevelt a s ' P r e s i d e n t of this extra­ conditions outside o f , o l d Farmington irreparable bereavement, which has been 'Not a store in the state, that outdoes ordinary, nation, will have gained' Correct Interpretation Essential. laid upon all who loved her, and warm Many of the" most beautiful .pieces plaoe in -the history o t . the United the W . W . Roberts corner place, in holi­ sympathy is felt b y eyery- one on this of poetry In literature would s e e p un /States, May every ship and every g o o d day beauty," said a person recently in occasion. Interesting and fiat If read by ja • bad town.. And this is b a t one instance of man on hoard come safely home in due reciter. In the same w a y a good re, the Farmington habit. . ..season.: > , . , . f -.. •'*•'-• MJfc THOMAS RUSSELL. clter will make attractive a poem, We. can shout np onr mercantile man Friends in this vicinity will have sad whose ^beauties are not so apparent - A.', recent local, entertainment by agers, in high C, every, time.' Hasten to interest in the decease of Mr. Russell on A fine painter will light up each" little Sudden Deaths, Heart 'Failure and -Hawaiians reminds us that Leslie's buy, lest the articles y o u ' want may be Dec. 7 in San Jose," Calif., where for a beauty in his pictures until the small­ Paralysis are Caused By Poisonous Weekly, has given' interesting statistics gone. ..' :' est detail Is attractive and strikes, the long time he had made hi* home with relative to the island possessions o f the Uric and Rheumatic Acid's eye. It Is only the mediocrity whose And please d o not forget that the his younger daughter, Emma, and her United States. , In.1880 the natives num w o r k is characterized by sameness and ladies'sale will be'going on at the brick husband, C. H, Perkins. He was born lack of interest—Strand Magazine. ..' bored 108,000. There n o w are hardly The Rheumatic person is skeptical re­ church parlors,, when "you read these June 3,1812, and was consequently well garding the^claims of almost any remedy 20,000.' This decrease in population is lines this "afternoon . and evening, advertised to cure Rheumatism and' one advanced in his ninety-sixth year, when due to some extent to lack of habitual with supper right, there. can scarcely blame him for being so. A Seal Wonderland. weakness incident to old age caused his sanitation,'and to delicacy o f constitu­ Ail the plasters and liniments combined South Dakota, with its rich.- bilver peaceful falling asleep. M r . Russell was tion natural' to certain races in mildnever actually cured a Case of Rheuma­ mines, bonanza farms, wide ranges and Our store .will: be closed all day for many years a respected citizen of strange natural formations, is a veritable tism. T h e y may relieve it one quarter weather l a n d s . - I n 1848, a great many Christmas, Wednesday, Dec. 25. Farmington before his removal to Call wonderland. A t Monnd "City, in the but it is sure to break out somewhere Hawaiians died of measles a n d ' m a n y Salinger Brothers, , else. The only true way to cure Rheu­ fornia.' H e i s survived by the daugbte home of Mrs E D Clapp, a wonderful matism is„to drive it from the system, . Rochester, N . H. ; others j;have -died of small-pox. Kind „ L o c k B o x 89, named and by his granddaughter, Miss case of healing has lately occurred. .Her for as long as the Uric and Rheumatic and gentle, . y e t - i m p r o v i d e n t and 1MS son seemed near.death with lnn'g and acid remains in the b l o o d , one is never - Gaiana Wall Out of It. Ethel R. Farnham. ready t o w o r k than t o enjoy idle plea­ throat trouble. ''Exhausting c o u g h i n g entirely-free from the trouble. This .is T h e ; electric light plant o f Galena, sure. So with '.'Aloha" on his lipey and 111., w a s installed in 1898 at a cost of spells occurred eyery five minutesi" where the value of Uric-O. as a writes Mrs Glapp, ''when I began giving permanent cure for Rheumatism comes MBS. KKNNISON. the smile of content "the Hawaiian is 118,000.. It w a s sold the other day Last Friday, D e c . 13, Mrs. Martha Dr King's New Discovery, the great in. ' I t seekB o u t the Rheumatic poison passing away, and the land of his fathers for $13,000, but this price Included m.edicine, that saved his life and, com­ in the b l o o d , muscles and kidneys, ren­ twenty-flve.year light, p o w e r and trac­ Kennison, widow of J. E. Kennison la being peopled with men and women pletely cured him." Guaranteed for tion franchise: Under ^the n e w con­ passed away at the' a g e ' of 74 years at coughs and colds, throat and lung troub­ ders it inert and harmless and drives it from acroBS the sea," out of the system. That is why Uric-0 tract' the city will get practically twice her home on Spring street., She was the les, b y W W Roberts, druggist. 50c and is such an admirable and effective cure Logical Supposition. the amount o f street lighting, that was $1,00. Trial bottle free. for Rheumatism. _ Little . Lloyd — Papa, w a s George furnished b y the municipal plant at daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. D . WalWashington -married to England? Pa- only. 10 per, cent greater c o s t T h e sale lingford who came to Farmington half The chief reason that Uric-O.is such a wonderful cure for Rheumatism is, that : p a ^ b f course not, m y son. W h y do m e t with the unanimous approval o f century ago to make their home. By ; it is designed and prepared to cure . you. ask such "a silly question? Little the mayor and' c i t y ' council, as the her decease, following closely upon that Rheumatism and (Rheumatism only. It Lloyd—This book s a y s England is our plant had not been a success. "Ono of Mrs. Small, a second pension has is composed of perfect antidotes for the ; mother country, and as George Wash­ account o f It says: ceased in the present month, as a part of Rheumatic acid poison in the system, ington w a s the father of his country 1 That is the secret of its wonderful sue "Its management w a s changed as the amount that h a s ' b e e n received by supposed they were married.—Chicago cess. Rheumatism simply cannot exist o f t e n . a s n e w political cliques gained Farmington-pensioners. - News. «- ' '..-••* *,. in a person's system if Uric-0 is used. power, and a t times there was n o street The funeral took place Monday, Elder Uric-0 is sold by druggists at 75c and Illumination' a t all. T h e commercial v',' • Ha Was'Incorrigibly. Joy officiating, with B. F. Perkins in $1.00 the bottle, but if you still feel service was inferior." \ • Underdone—My husband is complainskeptical about its efficacy you can test charge. ; tng again o f your cooking, Mary. Mary it free o f charge b y cutting ont this ad­ No Expoauraa For Him. vertisement and sending' same, together "(reassuringly)—Oh,'mum,.I don't fake CARD OF THANKS. "Now, here," said the enthusiastic with your name and addresB, also the ; any notice o f him, for 'tis the^nature real estate agent to the prominent We take this means o f making a slight name of" your druggist, to the Smith : of him to find fault Ain't he forever politician, "is one o f the most desir­ but sincere expression "of the gratitude Drug Company, 218 Smith B l d g , Syra­ , complalnln' o f - y o u , mum?—Illustrated able houses in .the capital. It has ex­ which we ever shall feel to our friends, cuse, N Y , and they will send y o u a Jilts. . . . who comforted and assisted us by-word, posures all around"-^ sample bottle free. T o persons who thought and deed on occasion of - the ''Good heavens," cried the prominent write and say they have never used sudden .decease o f ' o u r parent, brother Good Natpr*. PARKER'S politician, with . a Btart o f dismay, and friend. Uric-O, and want to test it thoroughly, ' HAIR B A L S A M Good nature Is worth more than ''that's J u s t w h a t . I'm -trying to get and will agree to take it systematically, »nd beitrtifitl the Jafr. "" • Miss Iva B. V\ hitehoiise granotei t.luxuriant growth. ; knowledge, more, than money, more away from!"—Baltimore American.' according to directions, they frequently Mever T«ll» to Bcitore Q r n Mrs. Berry, * than honor, to the!persons Who possess Hair to lta Youthful Color; givo a regular 75c bottle free. Mrs. Dawk ins. *.J * P Awaits * hair (alliot' ^ r i c - 0 is Rold and personally recom i t , - a n d certainly' t o everybody w h o «te,andn.qpat BruplitiT* Sentiment Not Enough. mended in Farmingtou by W W Roberts dwells with them, In s o far as mere The mere sentiment for ownership Is One dollar will buy a dollar and a half . happiness is.concerned.—H. W.Beecher. n o t enough. It must be accompanied worth; at our great mark-down sale. by the cold figures to demonstrate Its Salinger. Brothers, practicability under a strictly business . -Alona? Lock Box 39, Rochester, N H, Aunt—And have you been all thnt test. Unfortunately the sentimentality long way alone? Niece—Yes, auntie. of the case Is too often Indulged first The Restless Piper. Aunt—Then how Is it you went out and to .the exclusion o f the necessary A Wall street financier was talking ,with an umbrella and came back with facts and figures.—Bloomlngton (111.) 'Fantagraph. about music. "I like all music," he a walking stick?—London Punch. said, "except such native^and special sorts as the tomtom, the bagpipes or the Indian, hufaa give off. Did you ever-notice how a piper prances up and down as he pipes? H e never sits, he never stands' still, but up and down, round and round, to and fro, he struts continually. A little boy, listening to the weird skirl of tho bagpipes o f a street performer, once said to his fa­ We have just received a new line of Slippers ther, 'Father, why does the piper keep in all sizes and prices for Men, Women and 'Chil­ on the move all the time he plays?' I can't say, my boy,' the father an dren, any of which would make an acceptable swered, 'unless it is to prevent any­ Christmas present. one getting the range with a cobble stone.'" ; Santa Glaus Shoe Depk Fancy Slippers in large variety Patent Colt Shoes, also shoes of all prevailing style leather Overshoes Rubbers Gaiters. - Leggins Babies' Shoes Children's Shoes Dress Shoes ,. Felt Shoes and Slippers Dress. Suit Cases - Leather Travelling Bags Trunks ',' Fancy Felt Slippers,, great variety ; : ! Among the articles enumerated in this list, we tmst that you will find many that will interest you,,and we hope to have the pleasure oj a visit/ from you when making your Christmas purchases . ;We extend to you a cordial invitation to make our store your headquarters'.during your holiday shopping, and to leave all your parcels, extra wraps, etc., with us as it will be a,pleasure to us to extend to yoii every possible courtesy and attention, - " V - K 1 ; 1 Rheumatism Cannot Be Cured Unless Uric-0 Is Used. \ . 1 New Hampshire's Largest Clothing and Shoe! House, arid only wholesale Clothing flanufacturers. Custom Tailors. Rochester, N. H. 1 7 ; Every Saturday after­ noon, until further no­ tice, C D. Colman, ihe Real Estate man, can be found at Room 5, Odd Fellows - Block, Farmington, N. H., for the buying and selling of Real Estate and I n ­ surance. C. D. COLMAN I : Cure 5 c 1 J.F. Safford & Son ROCHESTER. WATCHES DIAMONDS PRICES BROOCHES SCARF that are RIGHT in U your baby thin, weak, fretful % Make him a Scoff'J baby. Scoff's Emulsion ^ H OLIO A Y and Hypophosphitei prepared to that it it easily digested bytittlefolks. i Consequently the baby that it fed on Scoffs Emulsion it a sturdy, roty- cheekedtittlefellow full of health and vigor. ALL DRUQOlSTSj *Oc. A N D 9I.OO. Respectfully Submitted. Recommended to the public" utilities commission: First—Immediate suppression o f the surreptitious s u b w a y smoker.' Second. — Municipal ownership of apartment house janitors. Third.—Make it unconstitutional to piny "Arawanna" or " P o o r John" be­ tween the hours of 12 m. and 12 p . m., Inclusive, and vice versa. Fourth.—Provide subway guards and trolley car conductors with safety razors. Fifth.—Free and unlimited coinage of lemonade.—New York Mall and Ex­ press. BRACELETS CUFFBUTTONS WATCH CHAINS STONE RINGS GOLD BEADS EMBLEM CHARMS We have a Great Variety of Beautiful and Useful Gifts for Christmas Emulsion it Cod Liver OU PINS SIGNET R I N G S FOR Christmas Slippers ; PLEASED T O H O L D GOODS F O R . C H R I S T M A S DELIVERY FESTOON NECKLACES LOCKETS & CHAINS JEWEL CASES You can always find us ready to show you a complete line in all kinds of Everything up to Date. Give us a call. 0. N. Hussey Heuid Painted China, Opera Glasses, Clocks, Silver Toilet Ware, Ebony Goods, Sterling Silver, Shaving Mugs, Fountain Pens, Cut Glass, Chafing Dishes, Smoking Sets, Sterling Match Safes � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documents, Papers, & Articles Digital File Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Article About Lucy Dodge Farmington News, Page2, 1907-12-20 Description An account of the resource Lucy Dodge Farmington News article, page2, 12-20-1907. Lucy Dodge was a well known figure during her life in Farmington and is one of the most notable black historical figures in the local record. <br /><br />Note this article cotains biases from the period.<br /><br />The text of the article reads:<br /><br /><p><em>Probably two good .men who. have</em><br /><em>charge of the regular collections at the</em><br /><em>Congregational church never wore more</em><br /><em>pleasingly astonished in the course of</em><br /><em>their Sunday duties than -were they on</em><br /><em>December 15 when they found in the</em><br /><em>morning offering a cheque for five hun-</em><br /><em>dred dollars; this amount to be known</em><br /><em>as the Lucy Dodge Memorial Fund, the</em><br /><em>Income to be used in the support  of  the</em><br /><em>church and its customary exercises.</em><br /><em>The name given recalls to the older peo-</em><br /><em>ple of tho community the story of a</em><br /><em>loyal soul whose devotion is thus com-</em><br /><em>memorated  but this should be known</em><br /><em>also to our younger friends, in merited</em><br /><em>regard for both past and, present,.and as</em><br /><em>a lesson for the future. -In the period</em><br /><em>of the civil war Mrs. Martha E. Edgerly</em><br /><em>(her first marriage having been to Cap-</em><br /><em>tain Enoch Dodge who was killed in the</em><br /><em>war) brought a homeless little black girl</em><br /><em>to her own home in South Berwick, Me.,</em><br /><em>and this child was known as : Lucy</em><br /><em>Dodge. She was taught everything</em><br /><em>practicable in the well appointed house-</em><br /><em>hold, and at both common and Sunday</em><br /><em>schools, and became a faithful and com-</em><br /><em>petent housekeeper. She was nearly as</em><br /><em>much at home In Farmington.-as at</em><br /><em>South Berwick, attending her mistress</em><br /><em>in visit's to her brothers, and to.her sis-</em><br /><em>ter who was the first wife of' James B.</em><br /><em>Edgerly, and upon the marriage of Mrs.'</em><br /><em>Dodge to the latter, several" years after</em><br /><em>the sister's decease, Lucy became per-</em><br /><em>manently resident in town and.was ever</em><br /><em>a devout attendant upon exercises of the</em><br /><em>churcb, taking honest pleasure in con-</em><br /><em>tributing to its support and good works.</em><br /><em>In falling health, after the decease of</em><br /><em>her kind mistress, Lucy was given every,</em><br /><em>possible care by the .members.of the</em><br /><em>family which.she held as hers, until she</em><br /><em>followed those whose loss she had</em><br /><em>mourned. It is like the conscientious</em><br /><em>and public spirited head of tho house-</em><br /><em>hold, James B. Edgerly, to .have planned</em><br /><em>thus generously for the continuance of</em><br /><em>a part lo the progress of the church and</em><br /><em>parish, In the name of the loyal friend</em><br /><em>whose memory is thus perpetuated.</em></p> <br />FHS- Kyle Leach Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Farmington News Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Farmington News Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1907-12-20 death Edgerly Farmington First Congregational Church information life Lucy Dodge marriage people people of color person of color https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/e4108f21d4e8ed3cb1da79c63466ccd2.pdf?Expires=1784764800&Signature=NscPtjgI4S-%7E362FlBchJnz3X56UAKUn2rs-doHkWRK6FrPGSM%7EtufdSGWYaVEj288tgQk79mM93RNe7Zfw5ieBQbtVnAspLTp8O2p-nBnxMcFOztQEPBO0vF1UajvA7RrfEz6CfkaGliyWN5xQ1aHgQ5-fdo%7E6WNhjAQu15xGG8CACK85G9uPkDUaERP6kFpszyoV42yB10BR8po8bzxmOydMYNYuEl-KeBrR%7EguqikDXl4anGCwD9Z2X6-uGyqbOLp7EK%7ERoPJKkzO7SwBgsUfKcbNK76FocUs5KfjblhA0nHr3vOz0epNekCEYml1PUbQg0nuvNrbdLoVc86xdQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 1650480604dece9a548e9be531f975e3 PDF Text Text 8TRArPORO CORNER. urdsy evening to spend Sunday w i t h dsy, after a pleasant^fortniglit"ia\Mw£ £|iffevL 8 r H . and M r s Goodwin will friends; she is one o f the very bright dleton. enjoy tbe two weeks' vacation allotted H a v i n g is progressing dnely and young women who have gone from Mr. and Mrs. Irving Grace and'Mrs. Dr. EteatormUve Nerrtn*, j i e ~ p s s t o r by the Congregational many of our farmers have nearlv finished Farmington to 'add to t h e worth of ed­ W . P. Blake visited Mrs. Joseph Blake church, by a carriage drive iii tni* S ' a ' e Mr. B. 5. OmldwoU, la book-keeper in ucational circles in other^ towns a n d A valuable colt, belonging to Cyrus of Barnsteadi-on'Bunday, land In/Massachusetts. T h e y w i l l vi.it Another of thejjumbeiJU Miss 1 K Koss, was found dead in the pasture, the First National Bank of Folton. Ky. States. Xhe Woman'* auxiliary mission •"I was completely run down. My i completely "I [North"Epping over the Sabbath. Their Bertha W i g g i n g whose/past seasonefbf soaps and soaps/ became mo utxttrnag through Ion of __ unstrung -ecame Ffll Y MORNING. J U L Y 31, 1896. one day, last week ' •leep arrangements include a vi.it to tbe hiaand worry t&j»t I text aore 1 would bo com* teaching has been spent in N o r ^ A t t l e - •ocietv will >meefc on Friday August 7 Miss M a m i e Y o u n g and friend of pelled toi giT* op my position, fwould lie *"lth Mrs..*: E./Fernaia. A.C W but only one torlo t o w n s of Concord and L e x i n g t o n . awake all night long, and It took bat little boro*. M a s s ,/wheie'the Rev J ; H MeExeter hare been visiting the former's Laren is a pastor Ed/vsrd E.Trask is visiting hie Farm­ HIT T H E B A L L HARD. They made PODl I8IIKT) E . r . K , rlilDAY t t O R N l N O sister M r s . F T Staaton ington home. Miss l e a Peavey spent Sunday w i t h the journey on their wheels. friends in town. A l Partnlostnn.N H . bT H E A V Y DATTIHG C n A H A C T E R I Z E D Mr. Martin Welch of Lynn was in The Barnum it Bailey big show, at Mrs. Bradley Thurston and daughter TUB O A U B AT BCttORT P A R K . town aver Sunday with his family at Rochester, Monday, was the attraction I. F, ITRHNALiL) " Proprietor were in t o w n on Saturday, and were Breezy Brow for many people from this place. accompanied by the fomer's sister M r s It was unfortunate for Manager San­ Mrs Delia Blake o f Rochester and Mrs James Stiles, who with her 8 H Walt*ron, back to 8nmetnworth ders that b y reason of alcknoas, and other Barnum a isn't in it with the Populist Master-Willie Blake, are tbe guests of three children has been stopping witb Mrs. Harrison Wsldron is in Dover, circumstances, tils team that lined up show that closed last week Farmington friends this week her parents, M r and M r s ( ' C . Dame, to remain for a few weeks. against the Sbmereworths, Saturday, at Master HOBS Pearl o f Littleton is for several weeks, returned to her home Mrs. Albert Grsoger, formeily Miss Burget Park, was of the plcked-up vari­ There is no rhyme for silver—8t visiting his grandparents here. M r s . in Merrimar, N H , last week. Adelaide C Hajea, had been on from ety 1'aul Globe. Unfortunate because It put the !'earl's friends will be glad to know that New Y o r k , but has gone heme, accom­ home team back Into last place again Yet can anyone can make it jingle Rev N C . L o t h r o p . a former pastor, which is the soap of she is meeting with fine success with panied by M r Granger occupied the pulpit a l the church agum Gota had by no meanB recovered from soaps and washes clothes A wild man is roaming the woods o f her work in vocal instruction in L i t t l e ­ The funeral of Mr Howard Jones his accident of the Saturday before, and last Sunday, and was listened to b) i Maine H e i » thought to be an escape large audience. ton, and hope to see her and Master was held at his home in N e w Durham with less labor and great­ A call t o become pas It wits noticeable la.bis work behind the from the Populist Convention Holman belore the vacation *eaaon ends on Monday. H e leaves a widow for tor of the church, has been extended to bat Both teams had 00 their batting er comfort. Bert P i k e , tbe popular driver lor F . merly Miss Ella Davis, and two sons Those fellows who are poking so Mr L o t h r o p and we sincerely hope it togs, and base hits w e r e as plenty as O Nutter, hat been off duty for a few Makes hoaae* brighter The death o f Miss Lucy Dodge, after flies about a bald man's pate. I^lghton's much fun at the Populists whiskers, will be accepted. days, because of a lame aide. Makes heart* lighter a long period of ill health during which playing at first was simply great, and he should remember Parson M c K i n n e y to shake i_e np ao that I could not poaalhly attend to my btulueaa aa 1 should. In she was moat carefully attended, re­ had the unstinted admiration of the crowd Mrs. John Otis and children ore vis­ NORTH B A R N 8 T E A D . connection with tbla 1 had Hvcr trouble, moves one o f whom can be said " S h e • s e r i n Bta,H.T. 1 his is the best sort of weather to iting friends in Barnstead. hearlneaa a boat the stomach, and pains In present. N&leaubad an unusual num depart for an exploration of Oreenland. Mms Ijfoora .1 Holmes i. quite sick different parta of my body. I was also moob hath done what she could." George \ V Davis went to N e w Y o r k , ber of chances, and, -despite his errors, reduced In flesh. I waa persuaded to. try On the authority of the old Psalm tune A forlorn little black child, she was Wednesday, where he has a situation as Mr Simeon Webster is in town nuide some g o o d plays. TKADB KOTKS. Dr, Miles' Restorative Nervine, there aro " i c y mountains there " brought from Virginia in the latter part telegrapher. renewing old acquaintances The Score follows: first procured a trial bottle from a local rug({UtandKoodre«ultaquIaKlvfolkiw6d. I of the civil war, by the late Mrs James Mr A Dull O W a l k e r of Michigan, is then procured a-Uof* SOJIKBSWOBTH M A . Trefethen of Exeter was in The August Mcribner is the fiction W e call the attention of our readers -. B Kdgerly who was formerly Miaa lb po a e art t had uaod tbla up number of that magazine, and contains expected here this week to the advertisement o f the Salmon Oold t3wn, Saturday Fogarty S b . . Martha E . Pernald of South Berwick < J 1 ..8 am now on my tbl . 1 2 1 six abort stories, a little comedy, Mining Co.'s stock I t is one o f tbe S Dr. and Mrs. J 8 Elkins were in John K Davis visited his brother sleep soundly and eatregularly,something In the Fernalil home Lucy was given I l o b U p and several special articles of wide S W Davis at Rochester last Sunday I could not possibly do before taking joar a kind and suitable training, in. all Brown Su a few producing gold mines and Messrs. Rochester last week, a* guests for a Nervine. I am now fuUurteoocrtCLviQ ao not Varner r f 6 popular interest Crompton & Co. assure us. that d i v i ­ short time of M r and Mrs. George E. available w a y s , and up to the time L»Dgltcr l b Mrs A b b i e W n g h t , o f N e w \ ork, iB hesitate to pronounce I>r. allies* uestoratlT Nervine the greatest neroina on earth." dends w i l l be paid. A dividend to Cochrane. Mr. Cochrane's only broth­ 10 when her mind grew clouded by disease GastoDguar e visiting her parents M r a i d M r « Jubn Pulton Ky B- T CALDWELL Witter TI A \ e w York paper attempts to prove I the amount of ten per cent for 1896 is er, whose health ia seriously impaired, she was a loyal and loving Servant to Lttwrtj c r F Holmes. Dr. Miles' Nervine la sold on a post that the man of the future wjl! have no is witb him in Rochester guaranteed. guarantee that the first bottle will Dene: tbe mistress by whom she was regarded Miss Blanche Tuttle has a crower that AUdragglatsaellttatIM bottles for la, of lungs —Chicago Dispatch la, iggiatsaellttattM botttea with affection, ai.d to her family She James White is working in a shoe FAUMINIITONS. has laid a litter of eggs and wanted to D A N A ' S Sarsaparilla Is not o n l y the Which means, when that time cornea became in 1877 a member permanently best of all remedies for the Nerves, Liver, factory at East Rochester. •b bb lb there will be no camp-meeting at Alton set > of the household of Mr James B. Ed Nestles u RB Kidneys, Stomach, and Blood, but i f no 3 3 Dr. Miles' Nervine Miss Daniels of Somerville has been Bay Mr and Mrs. Samuel Walker of Uml 3b benetlt, you can get your money bock. OMDr. Miles' N E B T B F u m n tor BPTKA.I. gerly of N o r t h Main Street. Klrker,If the guest of MissOra Whitney for a few Piltafield, called on friends in ihis place WEAKNESS. AU druKEtaU sell 'em f o r » c The same guarantee applies to Dana's o'lAQghliu 3I> 0 Religion was a great deal to Lucy, LelgbtuD lb The Rev Julias H W a r d , of Boston, Sunday Pills, Cough Syrup and Plasters. F o r days. 0 and she was msde early in her Nothern Cou, c 1 sale by Q . T . Jones, Agent, N e w Dur­ has written a highly interesting paper Hon. S. C. Whitehouse, president of 0 Mr and Mrs U Alonzo H a l l of " T h e profounder patriot, the sort thai life a member of a church in South Uenoelt r f ham, N . H 9-3in Bikini p U on the late Harriet Beecher Htowe for the N H . Musical Association, is very Boston. Mass., spent a few days last bojs should be taught to emulate, i t a Berwick 0 She enjoyed contributing lUrkor. r t the AngUkt Forum I t is a compre­ enthusiastic in speaking o f the assem­ week with James L o c k e and family forbearing cituen and a profoundlv re­ toward the maintenance o f worship and I.IVIKO PICTURES). Totals. hensive estimate of her career, her posi­ <S I S 13 17 24 1.1 blies at Weirs, last week From a mu­ but wben he does the auxiliaries of local church work Mrs. K m m s Drew Clark of L y n n , luctant fighter, Innings1 3 3 4 5 8 7 8 tion in literature, her moral aim—in Somertworth Almost everyone in N e w England sical point of view he declares it was 0 S K 0 0 8 0 1 0 IB — short, an analysis of what went to the Mass., spent the day last week with bring his howitzer out he enlists for the and it gave her great pleasure to make Ptrmtogton 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 8—18 will remember the great series of living the beat ever held, though tbe attend­ whole war " T h e same issue of the holiday or birthday gifts to her friends her cousin, Mrs Jsmes Locke. asrneu runs. Fartnlogton, 8 , Soaieraworth, 4. making of this great writer ance waa not equal to some former years Two base hlts- PogartT, 3 . Brown, LangUer, pictures that was produced at K e i t h ' s The school-board o f Barnstead held paper nsmed announces that, in view among those with whom she was asso­ (i&ctonguay. Wllley Klrst b a » e on balls— Var New T h e a t r e , Boston, two summers George H . Johnson will g o to N o r ­ uey.Unstonguaj Liberty, Nedeaa, card. Coin. Mr J B Bishop in the August an examination for teachers last Sntur of the welfare and honor of the nation ciated back, and scarcely a person failed of wich, Ot , this week, where he will b e Hit by plrheu ball-Cnru. Struck o u l - b . Hobba She had no acquaintance with }ieople Noueaa lUcker s. Lolgbtoo 3, Com 8, E l k l o , 3 , Not as connected with sound monty, it will Forum la o f the opinion that it is an day st the Centre srhool-house A l l theatre goers will the guest of Hert Saunders. bv Klfclna Brown, UastonjraAy. Liberty PaaseU seeing them were support M r K m l e y in the Presidential of color hut waa devoted to"ber family error to call bicycling a " c r a z e . " It is a large number of apphcanis ball,—Gota 3. Throe base blt—B&rkor Double therefore be interested in the announce­ campaign Mr Emmons of N e w H a m p t o n , and Of the houaebold nf ber happy home play- Langllor au<l Urown. I'inplres — USTlu present something very different fiom that ment j u s t made that an even more family, are guests o f Mrs J P . Elkins I be Outlook of July 35 gives fine there remain only Mr Kdgerly and his a n u j Kogtirty T h e simple fact is that t h e human race Mr Herbert Hill and family of sumptuous and elaborate production is of\Tappan Btreet. T h e y are returning younger daughter to sorrow for the loss has discovered a new power for its own Rochester spent Sunday with relatives papers upon both McKinley and Bryan The managers of the Cooheco League contemplated during the month of A u g ­ home from a leisurely carriage drive to with others upon Mrs Rtowe, the Kev of one so true and faithful , yet there use. From the earliest dawn of civili here. Returning they -left iheir two held a meeting at Rochester Saturday ust,tbe first series to be put on M o n d a y , Rye Beach and other B^tore resorts, tak­ zation man has been experimenting daughters, Ida and L o l a with their Francis K. Clark, I ) D , the foundei is content i n view of htt roimful release There are some forty sub­ en largely for the benefit of M r . E m ­ evening and sustained the original scores August 3 with motion Finally he has hit upon ^unt, Mrs. James C T u t t l e , for a week of the Christian Endeavor movement, on last Saturday, from imminent suffer­ In the contested games between tbe jects in ail, some being original concep­ mons' health and upon The Higher Life of Philadel­ ing a device which makes his own body One day last week Oruver Chesley phia, all these being wt II illustrated KocheAtent and Soincrsworths aud the tions, while others are reproductions of the source of power H e has placed T , E . Butler is in East P e p p e n l l , The funeral took place on Tuesday 1 lovers and Somersworths, »o the stand­ famous paintings. agod 4 J years spent the day with his Mass., this week The good cruse of international bi wheels upon his feet, and as a result afternoon in charge of M r J P T i b The artist who has been superintend­ grandmother and for amusement, with ing In the league Is as follows metalliam is declared by the Bimetallic belts. Kitting remarks were msde by finds his powers of locomotion tnulti Onslow Jones and family sre at A l bis little axe, chopped down s tree 8 ft *Fer cool. ing the production of these pictures is l e a g u e of Ureat Britain to have made tbe Rev» S . H Goodwin, and appro plied by five and even ten Instead o; 1'laietl Won Lo.t. M Castel-Bert, a Frenchman, w h o e ton Bay high and 10 inches in circumference, substantial progress in the past year, priate singing was given b ) Mr and s*»mer»worth walking five 01 ten miles with more or R<M.best«r reputation largely rests upon the pano brought it to the shed and sawed it into and there is probability of a permanent Mrs. I ) YV. Kimball, Mrs. A K . Put­ Uorer less effort and fatigue, he finds himself ramie work that he accomplished in this stove wood before he left it Psnttingtoo tribunal of arbitration between our own nam, and M r K. K. Carlton traveling ten, twenty, flftv, and even Inter country, notably, " T b e Crucifixion," and the mother countrv hundred miles, aocordlng to his pbyslca ment was made in the Karminglon LooK O u t 8hiloh," "Bunker H i l l , " " F r i b u r g , " vigor and experience, with little per- for breakers ahead when pimples, bolls, I IIIPN' C'OSTUIHUTION A n important strike in the excellent cemetery, beside the grave of Mrs etc., and some of the best conceived o f ceptible fatigue and with a most delight­ carbuncles and tike manifestations of im printing house of J J Little it Co. in Kdgerly ^ the pictures are his N o expense has T h e y wouldn't ap­ New York City has been settled by ful sense of animation H e has become pure blood appear A party of ciur citizens enj>i)ed an Oo Monday morning a surgeon from been spared In the production, and the master o f his new power,—ibe moat pear If your blood were pure and your arbitration, the referee being President excursion over the lake in the pteamer Boston, assisted by l)r John Young ol system In the right condition They pictures w i l l be produce 1 witb an accu valuable he has acquired since he learn­ show you what you need—a good blood- Seth Ix)w of Columbia College Things Dover and D r John C Parker of this Peihap.i last Sunday and report a fine racy of detail that i s amazing. T b e ed to walk,—and it is honceforth a part purlfer, that's what you get when y o n like these make one feel that civilization CURES OTHERS .WILL CURE YOU time i town, removed s tumor weighing 32 lighting effects will be grand, more than of his equipment for bis struggle with take Or Pierce's I .olden Medical I)ls- really advances and climbs upward as Put y..ur money in the savings bank 6000 candle power being employed pounds, from Mrs Solomon Hall, ol cowry life. Is it probable that having once well whose recovery earnest hope is enter­ for safe keeping and we'll warrant those It carries health with It. A l ) blood, l o Llqald u d P l U a become possessor of a power like this T o return to the exercises of 8unday, tained burglars won't gett i A trained nurse is in alien skin,and scalp diseases, from a common TUB COU1TT. Dr Glidden's Rheumatic Cure will the human race Is going to abandon it • blotch or eruption to the worst scrof­ — Mr Goodwin waa compelled to con dance upon the patient. We visited the garden of Hiram be a boon to you if suffering with rheu­ A s wall might we expect it to abandon ula, aro cured by it. I t Invigorates the dense his carefully noted record of the There is likely to be a formal reunion Stevens last Sunday and were v e r ) T w o wood ibis, a very rare bird in matism, for it absolutely cures every I Ivor purifies ana enriches the blond, convention, in his re pott, as the Rev railways, and gas, and electricity this season o f the class of l b 9 1 surprised to see such s variety of veg this section, were shot st Salmon Falls form o f rheumatism and rouses every organ Into healthful For sale by action In the most stubborn forms ol K. N C Barnes was to speak at seven Mr and M r s Frank Shapleifth re etsbles growing on such a small piece recently NKW KNULAND PAIU. Roberts it Peavey, Farmington, N H skin diseases, such as salt-rheum eczema o'clock in the audience room, concern­ turned lo Springfield Mass , on Halur ol land. Anyone interested in garden Prof A E Thomas has been elected tetter, erysipelas, carbuncle*, and kind­ ing prohibition Mr Harnes is a very ing will do well to cull and see for Arrangements for the N e w Kngland red aliments and with scrofula lo every voung man and his gifts as a public principal uf Austin academy, Strafford BCt.'Kt.KN 8 AStniUA HAI.VB C u r e for Headache themselves wbat can be done in this shape, and all blood taints, it effects per­ •pesker are certainly uncommon to men Fair at Rigby Park and City Hall, A s a remedy for all forms of heailucetia line with proper rare The bent Halve In tne world for cut s, •tOClAL AMD PCftHOrtAI, fect and permanant cures of the worst M r Stevens ha* Portland, Maine, August 17, 18, 1 9 , 3 0 >f his years Hardly any one doubts Electric Bitters has proved to be the very bruises, sores, ulcers, salt rheum, fever cases our thanks for a basket o f the largest and 21, are now near completion. A It effects a permaneut cure and thai the manufacture and sale of intox­ best Mrs. J K. French spent Sunday with sores, tetter, chapped hands, chilblains, full and choire exhibit o f live stock, IN U K D S U A I . the most dreaded habitual sick headaches currants we ever saw and w e feel <afe corns and all rddn eruptions and positive­ icants, for use as beverages, should be Mr and M r s . Geo. M . Btard at D o v e r yield to Its Influence. We urge all who in saying that were ever raised u, this ly cures piles, or no pay required. I t Is equalling or exceeding that o f last year, done away with Palling the enforce Miss O r a Whitney spent Wednesday Is warruntoed toirlve perfect satisfaction are afflicted to procure a bottle and give town is assured. Mr. S 8. Sanborn, of Bos Burglars entered the handsome new ment of prohibitory law, a high license this remedy a fair trial In cases of hab­ or money refunded. Price 25 cents per with friends in Dover Woh Dean ynu'ro •Iwayv In the leail ton, is to exhibit some twenty-six head residence o f M r s . John Burleigh, at baa seemed to some men better than no itual constipation, Electric Bitters cures box. i>'or*KMle. bv Kobnrts & Peaveiy. We never knew you fall. Mrs. A r t h u r Beard spent s few day of his celebrated French coaching stud , South B e r w i c k , Friday night, and se check at all upon (ha evil referred to by giving the Deeded tone to the bowels, But tre'u like to know Just how yon fly That kiln wltnout s ull at Farmington with M r s . J P Elkins eight or ten English and American cured nearly 8 4 0 0 worth of jewelry and l o enforce properly the laws of New andfew cases long resist the use ot this medicine. T r y It once. Large bottles 8ay, A b e , don't let tbe boys fool you and Mrs. Richardson last week. vehicles and numerous set o f harness, solid silver plate T h e y held a Hampshire, in this respect, a strong ouly fifty cents at Rolierts A Peavey's for that is a genuine little N i g , I saw four ot wbioh cost 8600 per set in Eng­ volver at the head o f the servant girl public opinion is necessary, or the drug store. Mrs. George Tibbetts and son H a r (2) I M m winking at the Tarmington girls old have been the guests of Rochester land. ( ' . I Hood, of L o w e l l , Is to ex who had been aroused by the noise, and authority must be used by State rather n*st night as he turned the crank friends in the present week. hibit —though not in competition—his threatened to kill her if she made a n ) than IJCSI officials. Don't take too much stock in what Joe famous Jersey cattle and Berkshire outcry. < urcs lilieiiiiintlsin Price, SOc Mr. and M r s . Ben Wentworth are ai/ocsl officers never yet have found says. swina. T h e racing program is unques­ mong the new arrivals at 0 ' ean P a r k any attempt to carry out the spirit of T h e D i s c o v e r y S a v e d His Life, tionably the best ever offered by an) Should suyono Sod tor umbrella THE TUEN OF LIFE. They make their home at Uemdan M . Q CalUouette. druggist, Beavers- the law, to be a desirable undertaking Marked on the handle T I I . f.. agricultural society in the Eastern vlllo, III., says And leave at the orsoe of the Now, " T o D r King's N e w People who advocate temperance are cottage. Will receive ibe thanks I there bars left. States. Thure are fifteen races, the Discovery I o w e my life. Waa taken apt to swell the successes of tbem who T h e M o s t C r i t i c a l P e r i o d In t h e Miss L a u r a Harrington has j o i n e d W h e o l e r & W i l s o n yearling for a purse of 9 6 0 0 and the w i t h la g r i p p e and tried a l l the physi­ Life o f a Woman. cians for miles about, but ot no avail and sell liquors, through a lack of thought, balance for purses o f 9 1 , 0 0 0 each Mr James Perdue, an old soldier ber parents a t pcean Park for a. few was given up and told J oould not live. indifference, or other cause, and the New No 0, Family residing at Monroe, Mloh . was severely days, and m a k e s a welcome addition to Three hundred and twenty-severn Having D r . K i n g ' s N e w Discovery In my sentiment of a community needs to be afflicted with rheumatism but received the FahniRgton colony | Sewing Haobines, horses are named in the fifteen races, store I sent for a bottle nod began Its use a v j n t m c . or Mr*. Kslljr, of PatchOfu, rompt relief from pain by using Chamaggressive before any one man can do thus assuring a large field o f starters *Kev. G e o . H . Cat* and,family o f Rotary Motion and and from the first dose began to feol bet­ L o a « Island. orlaln's Pain Balm H e says: ' ' A t effective work in the putting down of The Adrian W i r e Co. are lo exhibit a ter, and after using three bottles was up tunes my back would ache so badly that Newton, M a s s . , are guests qf/Oliver J Ball Bearings any practice which menaces the publir There la no*period in woman'a earthly I could hardly raise up. I f I bad not M . Oilman o f Alton. .. car load o f wild animals consisting of and about again. I t Is worth its weight ,' H a k e Them In gold. W e won't keep store or house health. career which ahe approaches with ao gotten relief I would not be here to write buffalo, deet, e l k , bear and coyotes without I t . " G e t a tree trial at Roberts Rev. M r . Hauler, remembered for these few lines. Chamberlain's Pain Mr Goodwin's conscientious and ex much anxiety as t h e "change of Life." Easy running, quick, mpld and durable. W A Eddy, of Bayonne, N J., dcPeavey's drug store. (2) Balm has done me a great deal of good his evangelical work in this place last Prices nnviirinng to style and finl-h Tet during t h e cellent remarks at the close of the meet and C. H Lamson, o f Portland, will and I feel v e r y thankful for I t . ' F o r Spring, is, witb bis family, occupying a Ensy payments, liberal discounts, f o r Tni HTATK. i a g ^ a v e food for thought. l i e never past twenty y e a r s give daily exhibitions o f kite flying. sale at Parker's Pharmacy. cottage at M i l t o n . cash, or part cosh I have urges hearers to do that in which he w o m e n Including tandem, mld-air photograph •7-014 machines taken In exchange. The musical convention at 'be Weirs cannot rightfully say " C o m e , " instead learned much f r o m A t the recent great Sunday school ing, drawing electrklty from the clouds a woman. Are) You Tired of " G o , " but be tries to find oat bis and other novelties in the w a y of air was a great success. All tbe tune? This condition Is a A N Indication convention held in Boston, sfter s song I t Is safe t o aay that your blood Is not rich ani noartsaloi as It by Mrs. Dexter tu Tremont Temple, a _ nd navigation. I t is expected a Lillentbal T h e late D r . F A C o l b y o f Berlin own duty as well as to indicate that of ought to be and aa It 'may be If yon will"take » t h a t women w h o J AQBNT. his audience. ?. . JS? ffi? « " * t blood purifier, Hood's distinguished woman psssed £ ndtp t o flying maobine will be in operation carried a life insurance o f #28,000. prepare •' SanaparlUa. Thousands write. uSarHood'i 8ar- Mrs. Dexter, which read, " I thank.God F A R M I N G TON, N . H A pleasantly large number of people themselves during the week of the fair. M r . Lara aaparilta has cured them or thai tired fMUnr by Laconia forms the first Bryan and S+vlns them rich, red blood. for giving you such a v o i c e ; I thank were present at the lecture, and the f o r son expects his 30 foot kite w"lil carry a S e w a l l club o f the campaign. the you for using I t . " Rev. J B. Harrington made the open eventful man aloft. Prof, and Madam L a Rnux K e n d a l l it L a d d will issue a Bryan .3°^HX" 'Jf easily jet prom ptlyon tbs lire, ing prayer. A chorus choir led the period, will make doily balloon ascensions and aad bowels. Cars kick hejatsab*. Rev. E . N . C . Barnes w a i ihe'gViest and Sewall newspaper in Manchester, singing o f hymns. parachute jumps. A contract is made IttsactoaitnertttaathassiveD flood', e CHARLES A. BENNETT, pssa. ol M r . and Mrs, A. W 8hstifdrd while beginning A u g . I . aill'a the drst place amoof msdlcinei. li " T S with T . W . Eok whereby he i t t o bring Mrs. Ssflbrd, Mrs. Putnam and Mrs, through i t in town. , One True Blood Portlier and n a m tonlo. ALTON; N , H „ Camp I d l e w i l d on C o w island, L a k e Prank Pearl, who were at the Weirs ranch easier John 8. Johnson, the world champion Mr. and M r s . F . W . Coburo, Jr., o t Winnlpesaukee, contains 4 0 boys this last weekj seem to have found th bicycle rider, R a y McDonald, A l Weln than in the New Durham, will spend the next few ing, and several noted French and Eng. summer. musical gathering even more delightful past. weeks at Y o r k Beach. Ilsh bloyclistt direot from Europe to T h e veterinary surgeons o f the 8 l a t r than in former years, and they say that T h e r e la John Berry was st home from Manrace and g i v e exhibitions at the fair. are to ask the Legislature t o establish a Mrs. Dexter o f our own county sang but one cheater over Sutday. T h e Portland W h e e l Club are to make S t a t e Board o f Registration in veterin superbly. D r . Carl B . Duft of N e w course t o P R A L K B nr a n seeding parade, t a d predict t w o ary surgery w i t b power t o debar from Y o r k , M r . Bancroft of Mootpelier, V t . , pursue to Rev. I. 8 . Harrington went i » Ocean 8HIHGLE8, OLAPBOABDB, LATHS, subdue the hundred wheels in line, many o f which practice all w h o are not qualified. Park, M o n d a y , wLere he -will remain Doors, W|ndova, BUnds. Builders' rtnlah, U u , Mrs. Brown o f Concord, and tbe inim­ nervous com. ~Hair and-ttement. Screen Doors will be ridden by ladles. Col. Brlgbatn for the n e x t t w o weeks. N o r t h C o n w a y proposes to psss its itable Blaisdell with his orchestra, with aad salafi vnm plications, o f Ibe National Orange, and several coaching parade this year. TAWAHVirYORLiySFAIR the pianists present, were favorite pera n d prepare advocates o f good roads are t o lecture lormers, and Miss D o r a Haley, of this E. A. CkUkWrOIUl. A. D. TOU.ES. K, A- IJaOHTON.' during the w e e k . Olive T h o r n s Miller, county, gave pleasure in ber singing, the system B K R I AND T B I B L ^ a l - C i t y Hall, will talk upon the birds as did M r . Conant o f Concord, and for t h e change, p y d l f fi Pinkham'S V e g e t a b l e Compound should b e used. of N e w "EngTanuV The report made on Sunday evening tith.rs o f the musicians engaged. It |s well f o r those approaching- this C&AWTORD, TOIX£S ifc CKX, XAHAG£R8, Miss Blanche Townsend same on Sat­ at the earlier service in the Congrega­ time, wrlfes M r s . P l i k h a m , a t Lynn, T h e Fish and Game commissioners tional church, by Mr. Goodwin, was {jSa&Skiors toC If. TAcrwr.) Maaa, Shehak t h e experience pt years will exhibit specimens o f our inland full of Interest, and was marked by OFFICE— WilUoii' BlocK, Main Street, Farmington, 2T. JB. i n Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and nroared*ofChndren and sdnlta bava flsb. Hon. Thomas B . R e e d ' s quota quotations worthy of rernetabrance, America, the five great continents. Sha­ toalihe/inalflvisina;.' Bbe-wilJ charge bytaja treated bntaram— the other dl.rjjea, mwayBp. ' — toma art' Unas art.-JndWUOT. wluTa vaitobl. ap. of government seed will b e exhibited. from many of the addresses made in ker medicines are being used by. suffer­ you nothing. particular attenthjo rlTen to lasnraooe an Factories, knitv Hotels,I thrclUnrs, KerchandUe, and rjBIta: t ^ tooina; oOaoalvs breath: hard t»: f S h e helped this woman, vrho says:— all mods of insorabl bpruoertr, UHheioIlowtng-Comvanlesr V}»r ' c Thos. A . L a m b is to show a large col­ the national convention of the Y . P. S. ing humanity for the cure of sickness fan tatlbeUT.jrlui occasional arlplncs 4Ctna or Harttord. Oooa, "I have nsed L y d l a B, Pinkham's — MaarSaitar at EnalanJ. , i about UaVnaVeli Mat aad ttchtnssL lection of N e w England minerals. C. E . held in Washington recently. nd disease. Boston- firs aad Marine, Uc^iharacun —"'^boatthsaaDarsras KtRsABtsbritewart.M, J. N e v e r was them such a nnlvarro! de­ V e g e t a b l e Compound In my family ten Capital at Concord, » , U Utaocwatahortnry T h e r e will b e afternoon and evening One ot the sayings was that "every y e a r s , w i t h t h e best results. Some coosbjsrjnduiacf mand, never such wonderful results. Ooocord llntaal ot ta aeon),!». H . rtb t atarrhtsenrlas Saw.TATk. sleep; ilow ft concerts by leading bands as well as member of the society should be as a naletlnnuui of Scotland Shaker Digestive Cordial, a cure for t i m e a g o n q r d a u g h t e r had catarrh' ot h ^Jtaado-ofPortsnwoUi.S.B. a «ata»»>. tnada Is' lire trnJerwrltzra or Concord N. H. PrDTMeheaXotaal <o( Prutldance.B. r. the usual exhibits and such novelties as IWe wire carrying energy to every other Indigestion, U prepared from roots and the w o m b , and i t entirely mxreaTher., rushfauc Usual of rnaaoun, Slaaa. Palatine of Kr.Slantl: ^,'Mr- « « may be found o f interest. Every effort part of the body," and "to all needful herbs, and is a natural remedy, which I w a s approaching the .''chang*' of is being made \o make { h i s the fair places outside of the organisation" may cures b y aiding nature and not by fight­ l i f e , " and was i n a deplorable/ condi­ roe Insnrsww Company of Sqrtt ^ajartaa »«<»««> ing her. attraction o f the year and the manage* have been added to the first phrase. Shaker digestive Cordial makes those tion. U y w o m b h a d fallen, a n d the oovniKfto rax 4i4rS&4&faft»* ment are sanguine it will so prove. Another Vrotd of note was "pulmonary fat, w h o have become thin by not digest- bearing-down pains and backache w e r e AOOI DEBT JH3TJBAHDB.-Tra»Tlera ol llartrorrl. \ terrible, and k i d n e y s affettted Portland} Capo Elisabeth and O l d Or- patriotism." One can. make his own ing their food. PLATR UI.AS3 AND BOILER irfgOBASCK, fldalUxaia? CaanaUv o f N, an4timaU«orN.r, Aasats,*M4'JIM. i t restores tbe spirits and the appetite chard at,thla, season o f the year are in application of this characterization. U f X M8V$virCKi Stats hSeofsatV» MnraaIB«aerl|of Hcrarx, N.J.J. As-eis, »*Mo».l«r. sC| of Newark, K. ~ I began t a k i n g t h e Cuuipuimd, ~ of those who ate dejected and fagged out lossrsses s o Inst Rsaugi by l^ttfngj»bother »rti wanes or bnt|, gala dress, and the special.rates granted and m y pains ceased, t consider i t the The Harper's weekly of July 18 has from the wearing effects o f Indigestion. naiyean^a affltnat OyeJonaaan.1TjarjjJMtrt«^-awA rTTSFItflS Iff itliSSf by transportation companies should I t relieves the symptoms o f dyspepsia strong bridge b e t w e e n siolrneea and a short editorial upon Militant Patriot­ exfu^uhooM»ttl«* """"P '' §r tfcl^WWi Hal pojlpj oro«V fafoa* aile***. to admit o f all bur people attending this and, after using f o r a reasonable time, h e a l t h , and recommend it to everybody ism, which is similarly suggestive, and N o w England institution. cores the complaint. Office n«ys In Farmlngf-en Every Tuesday, • - - '. its concluding phrase is-one to consider; Anally b y druggists. T r i a l bottle 10 eta. I m e e t w h o needs It."—MBS. L. E s x L r , Soft P a t c h 030 e, L. L Otor d^^u^ga raoe^of e ^ | T utiU or Wsarapb, at oar axpeoss, Addrear,0!LkV7rOBD armtngton | t m "GREATEST ON tARTH." a : Sunlight Soap J A VERS > a C C. W. MABSTON. MACHINIST W boU 0 1 7 i ct 8 Carpenter andBnildBr ERS CATHARTIC PILLS FARMINGTON GENERA! WSURANt^, COMPANY. r r 4 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documents, Papers, & Articles Digital File Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Article Lucy Dodge Death Memorial Farmington News, Page2, 1896-07-31 Description An account of the resource Lucy Dodge death and memorial article from the   Farmington News, Page2, July 1896. Lucy Dodge was a well known figure during her life in Farmington and is one of the most notable black historical figures in the local record.  <br /><br />Note this article cotains biases from the period.<br /><br />The article reads:<br /><br /><p><em>The death of Mrs Lucy Dodge, after</em><br /><em>a long period of ill health daring which</em><br /><em>she was most carefully attended, re-</em><br /><em>moves one of whom can be said "She</em><br /><em>hath done what the could."</em></p> <p><em>A forlorn little black child, the was</em><br /><em>brought from Virginia in the latter part</em><br /><em>of the civil war, by the late Mrs James</em><br /><em>B Edgerly who was formerly Miss</em><br /><em>MarthaE. Fernald of South Berwick</em><br /><em>In the Fernald home Lucy wsa given</em><br /><em>a kind and amiable training, in. all</em><br /><em>available ways, and up to the time</em><br /><em>when her mind grew clouded by disease</em><br /><em>she was a loyal and loving servant to</em><br /><em>the misstress by whom she was regarded</em><br /><em>with affection, arnd to be her family She</em><br /><em>became in 1877 a member permanently</em><br /><em>of the household mi Mr James B. Ed-</em><br /><em>gerly of North Main Street.</em></p> <p><em>Religion was a great deal to Lucy,</em><br /><em>and the was made early in her Northern</em><br /><em>life a member of a church in South</em><br /><em>Berwick She enjoyed contributing</em><br /><em>toward the maintenance of worship and</em><br /><em>the auxiliaries of local church work,</em><br /><em>and it gave her greet pleasure to make</em><br /><em>holiday or birthday gifts to her friends</em><br /><em>among those with whom she was asso-</em><br /><em>ciated</em></p> <p><em>She had no acquaintance with people</em><br /><em>of color but was devoted to “her family "</em><br /><em>Of the household of her happy home</em><br /><em>there remain only Mr Edgerly and his</em><br /><em>younger daughter to sorrow for the loss</em><br /><em>of one so true and faithful , yet there</em><br /><em>is content in view of her merciful release</em><br /><em>on last Saturday, from imminent suffer-</em><br /><em>ing</em></p> <p><em>The funeral took place on Tuesday</em><br /><em>afternoon to charge of Mr J P Tib-</em><br /><em>betts. Fitting remarks were made by</em><br /><em>the Rev S. H Goodwin, and appro-</em><br /><em>priate singing waa given by Mr and</em><br /><em>Mrs. )D W. Kimball. Mrs. A E. Put-</em><br /><em>nam, and Mr E. E. Carlloo Inter-</em><br /><em>ment waa made in the Farmington</em><br /><em>cemetery, beside the grave of Mrs</em><br /><em>Edgerly.</em></p> <p> <br /><br /><br /></p> FHS-Kyle Leach<br /><br /><br />FHS-Kyle Leach Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Farmington News Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Farmington News Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1896-07-31 death Edgerly family information life Lucy Dodge people people of color https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/d3f1701cff5292cb3f4c1522ca606946.pdf?Expires=1784764800&Signature=RhBEHZOGCPt8Akls-JE8vhN8sK-vaX3jBNxDIKBV8Q7faYV2J1MNZ7OOTqqDgCym8lPVYfK2J2hZLgjrFqF-UYE27OADKNYCBSZcSd9zZi5N7qP4dBI4FKA5er%7EwwAbvfgke6gQ4jaD6AKxwZ51Ynb3HPeTT9-OZEbf-QP-k5aKgdpEgJmki2P6SkHxoG9zWHsij5GRmWDksmwU1YvUmRGG90dg09nek%7EumgdyQgCdysgIIj2R3HYyiNBDoJt-4hW9F-58SAwmsM-wm535rFq-11ZrqD38hJyHn1DK%7EeqJDC6fwyLSiaTOb5PSzx47doIXLC6x3CGy4ugPrD9cccWg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM cf07df8c713cd2bb32cf78bd7c342b57 PDF Text Text [NQTON lONAL E4RMINGT0N NEW HAMPSHIRE �I II Officers F R A N K R. C O P P - - E D W I N H. THOMAS - - . PRESIDENT -VICE-PRESIDENT FREDERICK CLEMENTS - - CASHIER Birectors FREDERICK CLEMENTS FRANK R . COPP HAROLD A . CRANE RALPH P. HERBERT ORIN N . HUSSEY EDWIN H . THOMAS Assistent to Cashier y IRVING T . YOULAND mE F A R M I N G T O N N A T I O N A L B A N K is the I.IJ\ U outgrowth V I U C I V V V L J J V^-t of U.a WUtll-V, State ^(LJII-W Bank w H4.4.J%_iJ. h i c h was H U . U worganized 1 C L " 11J ^ U X some time previous to January i , 1 8 5 5 , such records as are available not giving us the exact date. O v e r three-quarters of a century have elapsed since that time and volumes might be written on the changes w h i c h have taken place in the T o w n and also in methods of banking. W e find that back in A p r i l and M a y o f the year 1 8 7 2 , C i t i z e n s ' Meetings were held to give consideration to the organizing of a National B a n k . A s a result of these meetings, G . W . H e r r i n g and Charles W . T h u r s t o n proceeded to Washington for the purpose of obtaining permission to organize, and this authority was given under date of M a y 15, 1872. U n d e r date of June 3 , 1 8 7 2 , Articles o f Association were adopted, and a Board of nine Directors elected. T h e following men were elected to the B o a r d : G . W . H e r r i n g , John H . Barker, A l o n z o N u t e , Charles T a l p e y . J . F . C l o u t m a n , H . B . Edgerly, C . W . Thurston, M a r t i n L . H a y e s and E d w i n W a l l a c e . T h e Directors then chose the following officers: G . W . H e r r i n g , President, J . F . C l o u t m a n , Vice-President, and T h o m a s F . C o o k e , Cashier. T h e certificate of organization was s w o r n to before D a n i e l W . E d g e r l y , Notary P u b l i c , under date o f J u l y i 9 , 1 8 7 2 , and sent to Washington upon receipt of w h i c h a Charter was granted by Honorable John J a y K n o x , C o m p troller of the C u r r e n c y , under date of J u l y 2 7 , 1872. H T h e following officers served from July, 1872 Additional Directors Elected at Last Annual Meeting January 8, 1929 JOSEPH L . MCLAUGHLIN NATT F . EGBERTS FRANCIS NED L . PARKER J . MOONEY JOHN B. EHINBS GEORGE E . EMERSON CARL FRED W . S . THOMAS BROWNE N President Cashie G . W . Herring J . F . Cloutman J . H . Barker F . E . Edgerly D . E . Edgerly F . R . Copp Thos. F . Cooke J . B . Edgerly Jas. B . Edgerly Frederick Clements 1872 1877 1884 1907 1926 1928 1872 1879 1880 1914 — — — — — ~ January, 1928. 1877 1884 1907 1926 1928 1879 1880 1914 ��3:3z:3i=8aErxx=s=s2=xc:s:zcsc2c:ac:3c:s:i2 I n the following pages w e w i l l outline briefly the various departments o f the institution. y I n presenting you w i t h this little booklet; it is our y desire to bring to your attention the facilities w h i c h w e n o w y have available for the handling o f your business. H ^ ^ I t is our aim to meet the needs o f the community w h i c h w e serve and i n order that w e might render better service than has been possible in the past w e have equipped this building w i t h all that goes toward the safeguarding o f your interests. W e believe i n the future o f Farmington. W e believe in its industries and i n its citizens and so far as is possible w e desire to be o f assistance in making this community a better place to live i n i n the years to come. W e want you to feel that this Bank is more than is represented by bricks and mortar and by its steel vault doors and polished w o o d w o r k . W e want you to feel that within this institution are men and women w h o are here for the purpose o f serving you and that it is your privilege to consult w i t h its officers at any time. COMMERCIAL DEPAETMENT H a v e you ever considered the advantages o f a checking account.? I n this department are handled all accounts of corporations and individuals who have formed the practice o f making all payments by check. O n the first o f every month your bills come i n from the grocer, plumber, doctor and tax collector. I f you have a fair balance in the form o f a checking-account, h o w easy it is to write out your check in payment of the b i l l . Furthermore w i t h the return o f your check properly indorsed, you have the acknowledgment o f the indorser that such an amount has been paid by y o u . A cancelled check is an excellent receipt. I f you live out-of-town and in a c o m . munity w h i c h is not served by a banking institution, w e invite you to open an account and do your banking by mail. M a n y o f our customers find it inconvenient to come to the Bank during banking hours, but the mailing o f their deposit brings a prompt acknowledgment from us and w i t h the allowing o f time for the collection o f funds, they are then in a position to draw against the deposit. E v e r y facility that modern banking methods can give is n o w at your command. I f you have been doing your business here in the past, w e feel very sure that you w i l l greatly appreciate the n e w quarters and the accomodations n o w provided. I f your banking business has been carried on elsewhere, w e invite you to discuss w i t h our oflicers the advantages o f a connection w i t h this institution. SAFE DEPOSIT DEPAETMENT H o w many o f you realize the advantages of a Safe Deposit Box.? Into these boxes go your insurance papers, bonds, certificates of stock and many other papers o f value, the loss o f w h i c h w o u l d bring to you no end of inconvenience and trouble. �V o u w i l l be appreciative of the private coupon-booths w h i c h w e have provided for our safe-deposit box owners. T h e renter o f a box is given t w o keys and no one other than the renter (except as they m a y appoint a depu t y ) has access to the box. O u r boxes rent from three dollars to seven dollars and fifty cents per a n n u m . W i t h the increasing demand for this protection, w e have added one hundred boxes. The vault in w h i c h your box is kept is of modern construction and is guarded by electrical devices w h i c h assure the owner o f the m a x i m u m amount o f protection. Saving is accustomed to we k n o w that w a y in w h i c h largely a matter of habit, and i f vou become setting aside a certain part of your earnings, yo u w i l l be most pleasantly surprised at the your balance increases. FOREIGN DEPARTMENT O u r main vault has been considerably enlarged d u r i n g the n e w construction and provides storage space for silverware and other valuable property at a very moderate charge. T h r o u g h our connection w i t h the First N a t i o n a l Bank of Boston, we are able to be o f assistance to our clients w h o desire to send mone\ to relatives and friends in foreign countries. I f you desire to make remittance to any of the principal cities or towns in F r a n c e , G e r m a n y , I t a l y , S w e den or any other country, we cordially invite you to allow us to make arrangements for y o u . W i t h the opening o f our n e w quarters, w e take pleasure in announcing the opening o f a Savings Dep a rtment of the National Bank. O n e of the safest w a y s of carrying funds w h i l e travelling, is through T r a v e l l e r ' s Cheques. W e can supply these in denominations of $10, $20, $ 5 0 , and $100. at a very small cost. I f you are planning a trip abroad, w e recommend that you allow us to secure a Letter of C r e d i t to be used along w i t h your T r a v e l l e r ' s Cheques. T h e advantages o f a Savings account are w e l l k n o w n to many of our customers, but we w i s h at this time to recommend to any w h o are not i n the habit o f systematically saving, that they set aside a small amount to be deposited in the Savings Department. A m i n i m u m deposit of O n e D o l l a r w i l l be accepted in opening an account and a deposit book w i l l be issued in your name. Deposits may be made w e e k l y or m o n t h l y , at such time as is most convenient for y o u , and the interest on your balance w i l l be added to your book at least once a year. T h e s e matters can be handled on v e ry short notice, and it w i l l be our pleasure to serve you at any time. CHRISTMAS CLUB T h e Christmas C l u b Plan is many years old in the banking w o r l d , and w e are making our start this year as w e go into our n e w home. Several accounts have alreadybeen opened under this p l a n , and we cordially invite y ou to come in and talk it over. �A small saving by a weekly deposit throughout the year provides you w i t h a substantial lump sum for your Christmas shopping, and very considerably eases the financial burden w h i c h falls on most of us at just this time of year. W e believe that i f you once try the p l a n , you w i l l be greatly pleased. STOCKS AND BONDS W e cordially invite you to make use of our facilities for the execution o f your orders w h e n b u y i n g or selling stocks or bonds. W e have good connections for the execution of orders and believe that we can be of assistance to you along this line. I t is not our policy to make recommendation of any one issue for investment, but rather to safeguard your proposed investment, through investigation. ��JANUARY 1929 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Books, Booklets, Ledgers, & Diaries Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1929 Farmington NH National Bank Booklet Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Farmington NH National Bank Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Farmington NH National Bank Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1929 Description An account of the resource A short, multi-page Farmington NH National Bank booklet for information and marketing purposes. The booklet starts with a drawing of the bank. Next the booklet has a list of officers, directors, and cashiers. The following page offers an early history.<br /><br /><br />The early history reads:<br /><br /><em>EARLY HISTORY THE FARMINGTON NATIONAL BANK is the out growth of a State Bank which was organized some time previous to January 1, 1855, such records as are available not giving us the exact date. Over three-quarters of a century have elapsed since that time and volumes might be written on the changes which have taken place in the Town and also in methods of banking. We find that back in April and May of the year 1872, Citizens' Meetings were held to give consideration to the organizing of a National Bank. As a result of these meet- ings, G. W. Herring and Charles W. Thurston proceeded to Washington for the purpose of obtaining permission to organize, and this authority was given under date of May 15, 1872. Under date of June 3, 1872, Articles of Association were adopted, and a Board of nine Directors elected. The following men were elected to the Board: G. W. Herring, John H. Barker, Alonzo Nute, Charles Talpey,]. F. Cloutman,H. B. Edgerly, C. W. Thurston, Martin L. Hayes and Edwin Wallace. The Directors then chose the following officers: G.W. Herring, President, J. F. Cloutman, Vice-President, and Thomas F. Cooke, Cashier. The certificate of organization was sworn to before Daniel W. Edgerly, Notary Public, under date of July 19, 1872, and sent to Washington upon receipt of which a Charter was granted by Honorable John Jay Knox, Comp- troller of the Currency, under date of July 27, 1872. <br /><br /></em>The booklet continues with photos of of the old bank and the new bank buildings<em>. </em>It offers a short service statement and then outlines each department, for a total of six departemnts.<em> the booklet concludes with full page photos of the bank president, vice president, cashier, and director.<br /><br /></em>This item was found in a School Street property.<em><br /><br />Size: 5"x 6.75"<br /></em><br />Condition: The booklet shows some signs of minor wear and tear and does have a triangular tear at the bottom near the center of the booklet.<em><br /><br /><br /></em>FHS-Kyle Leach Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donated by Roger Nason bank booklet building downtown Farmington Farmington National Bank finance 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documents, Papers, & Articles Object Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1996 Farmington NH Police Department Color Card Set Description An account of the resource A Farmington NH Police Department card set with photos, name, job title, bio, and other information about each member of the local law enforcement entity in 1996. The cards also have safety tips. They are double sided, with a photo, name , and title on the front and bio, safety statement, sponsors, and attribution on the back of each card. They were brought to the public by the Farmington Womens Club. Other sponsors were Shop N' Save, Lilac Mall, Barron Brothers Development Inc, Taylor Rental, Farmington Ambulance Corp, Pierce Ford Sales & Service, CL Doke Heating Services, Davidson Textron Inc, Farmington Police Association, New England Cablevision, Farmington National Bank, and Cameron's Garden Center Size: Each Card 2.5" x 3.5" Condition: Excellent FHS- Kyle Leach Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Farmington Womens Club Photography by Photo Assignment Inc Raymond, NH Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Pro Image Publishing Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1996 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1996 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donated by Joann Doke animals cards history information law enforcement photography photos police safety https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/887a97217b8f6b38f362981df3d6fdb2.jpg?Expires=1784764800&Signature=jqdUxgtltlaSknJLPhs3iTIJ-%7EIq%7E7slOWoqHTozUbL-JRjp3jmqP9wx9TNUgKWOCG83je8E8E08t8JU6yVCVQjIGprIUJU5AP4xOBlG5CKXjNe15zE4uMeWS7oC6yfCI-J9smTQDoYeaCDdFW2JGDZISgwYqZvhAIz59WvtA0bKEs3SlPJfXF54KOyEd3f51kEv9jwdB-B1kYhFffVLFZ1SjI6mm6bN-3HS2164pq0WiXQ3pQBiH%7ES9TD9KH591k9yIx9DlsOauwtZtUx5prqDw151KQ-hCV28rtZeWE0MjHnBHCswBUaZ9Wdg4PwSvSN7lPqfFgvWiPdQpFBB-jQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ef103100109fb5c03b4f1a58482a35db https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/5f7bc8b8d2999198cf7e32ffa5d588f4.jpg?Expires=1784764800&Signature=ooRGrPLwpDT9vEohqJ0VTiIDvvARHTth5OP%7EEew4lN2mImtI3ZAehLtTPyD7370UJa%7EgxbRzSL4q%7EiqnFvKzttiTwq8ir7LVSKjlyJjPgBOEDHXIJliP0NKRY0e2XvnLHvvGOAHSloG8xKzhgstZnnZ9%7EWjqrwbSffpzKNqbjuWVS4uXX7nPRtxtGsM-lHTaK9h-PqUIfRP4Q0iZiJoPBTyC716BUkmi4DKHC1UM12mqy70-vLBst6AjCl%7EcCvM9N%7E4BCPM1i%7Eo-IuFu0LZW-tfmtnZVGMvG-p5iHnZWW2Z3YElYs2Pu7T4YgG6R-Z-ngKhUDJBmMv6ZOXWADYw7Sw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM c740fa6de470a5c6a9987c16a569eeaa https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/acdb819e99994cf257d1b5be76f36b76.pdf?Expires=1784764800&Signature=bJqBIHeSj6CKe9glCUJwFfBaGxCBJiILG8TgTjKewlNIwVuqhthVZn0ti71%7E5mI0SKQRjW3NQt4oH02CY9CJLh3ks2IASm4e1ga414bQLtRUB08HSk8zOsYf0gdLxcuqDiTznyPwa%7EtT7ZJCK84p2kTcS8E9hfVOAW2MHmVywGGS2fnwE4ojjO0DwgUcwzRm6ULubVqFAKXko91YdjnHFJpRQU82t8htczeGKfAGBDJECuK%7Ey6ukmUH7hK7zdeU37WeMR8arm3kUM2O7CedrgKEHTcni48GwRsFfeOJv0dJfR-aWqFEOYDRgth594jEb8rQXVJqY2PilmpvU-zfnaQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3d115b0d170cd4db23dc0bf037aa135f PDF Text Text �������1 -'llliii t ! Ill; lilli I ^ '^' i'' '' • I ' ' !=0 I iiiiiiiii' i!"ii|| ! ;:•': ( '*ii ::im i'" fii i! ip I' iiiiilii! 'lllli'll'' iiii i lilli ! 'I'll IHIlllll ! i^^^.**^ I :||{|ll!lllll!l| — ::il �: THE NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER; CONTAINING DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL THE STATES, COUNTIES AND TO^VNS IN ALSO LAKES, DESCKIPTIONS OF THE PRINCIPAL MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, CAPES, BAYS, HARBORS, ISLANDS, AND FASHIONABLE RESORTS WITHIN THAT TERRITORY. ALP B Y FI A B ET C AL L Y ARRA N G E D I J Author of the OHN HAY WARD , Columbian Traveller, Religious Creeds, &c. &c. FOURTEENTH EDITION. CONCORD, ISRAEL S. . -^-T^cToFcG^r^ N. H. ^"^T-i::. BOYD AND WILLIAM WHITE. BOSTON: JOHN H A Y W 184 1. A R D . ""^ ' �Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1839, by JOHN HAY WARD, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court in Massachusetts. STEREOTYPED AND PRINTED BY WILLIAM WHITE, CONCORD, N.H. �; PREFACE. The preparation patronage of its of a Gazetteer ot New England, worthy the no easy task those only who can form a just conception of its difficulties. Long enlightened citizens, is : have attempted it and wearisome journeys must be performed ; hundreds of volumes and local histories must be consulted, and thousands of letters must be written. Although a kind Providence has blessed the editor with health, and with numerous friends, in all parts of New England yet, after a long period of devotedness, he is mortified that his work is not more complete. ; It will be perceived that there are many towns, particularly in the New England, whose names are merely mentioned and that notices of others, in many cases, are exceedingly deficient. Had eastern section of our means permitted, fair representations of the character and resources of those towns might have promoted individual and public interests enhanced the value of our volume. northern and eastern parts of New ; and There are lakes and rivers in the England, whose beauty, volume of water, and hydraulic power, might vie with the Winnepisiogee and Merrimack ; but whose locations and even names are but indistinctly known. But we have the land, perfect in try is new : rather desii-ed than expected. large portions of the territory of the are yet a wilderness, and New EngOur counEngland States, consolation to believe that a Gazetteer of all its parts, is new New counties and towns are very frequently constituted. The progress of agricultural science, and of the mechanic arts advancement of commerce, both at home and ; the abroad, and the increasing success of the fisheries, united with the determination of the people of New England to connect the trade of the western oceans with their Atlantic borders, by roads of iron, which frosts cannot impede, are so great and strong, that the most devoted geographical and statistical writers must be satisfied with following at a distance, rather than keeping pace with the rapid car of improvement in New England. Al �— PREFACE. In the performance of our work valuable maps and books on New we have derived assistance from Among England. many number a the re- Belknap's History of New Hampshire; Williamson's Maine; Dwight's Letters; Savage's spectful tribute due, particularly, is Thacher's Winthrop; to Folsom's Saco and Biddeford; Plymouth; Hale's Map of New England; Benton Statistics: Stevens' Rhode Island; CArrigain's New Hampshire and Greenleaf's Maine:— to Worcester's Gazetteer; Thompson's Vermont; Pease and Niles' Rhode Island and Connecticut; Spofford's Massachusetts, and Farmer and Moore's Gazetteer of New Hampshire. From the latter work, and from its authors, the lamented John Farmer, Esq., a celebrated antiquarian and writer, and Jacob B. Moore, and Barrey's ; N. H., author of several valuable Esq., of Concord, we cellaneous works, in regard to are indebted for much of that and mis- which valuable is Hampshire. a beautiful volume, entitled " Connecticut Historical Collec- From tions," New historical by John Warner Barber, Esq., we have been permitted to enrich our pages with some of their most valuable and interesting ar- ticles. To Heads of Departments at Washington, and to the Secretaries of the which the work refers, for valuable public documents; and to numerous other friends who have kindly assisted to Postmasters us in our labors whose names we should feel proud to mention, were it we tender the acknowledgments of a in accordance with their wishes several States to ; ; ; grateful heart. For the purpose of enlarging our work, our editions will he designedly small : as well as for its correction, contributions are therefore respect- fully solicited. While it is our determination to devote our time and humble talents to render our publications worthy of general approbation with the assurance of co-operation from eminent country ; and we trust with confidence to men ; we are gratified in all parts of the receive that patronage, which home and abroad, invariably bestow on every whose obvious design is usefulness. Yankees, both at effort ���; NEW ENGLAND In presenting the public with a Gazetteer of proper to make character of its a New England, it has few introductory remarks of inhabitants. They may with seemed a general nature, on the great propriety be called a peculiar people : and perhaps New England and Pennsylvania are the only parts of the new world, which have been colonized by a class of men, who can be regarded in that light. The whole of Spanish and Portuguese America was organized, under the direct patronage of the mother countries, into various colonial governments, as nearly resembling those at home as the nature of the case admitted. The adventurers who sought their fortunes beyond the sea, in those golden tropical regions, carried the vices and the virtues with the laws and the manners of their native land, along with them, and underwent no farther change than was unavoidably new physical and political condition in which they were same force, may be made of the Virginia colonists they differed from Englishmen at home in no other way, than a remote and feeble colony must of necessity differ from a powerful metropolitan state. Pennsylvania was settled by a peculiar race but its peculiarity was of that character which eventually exhausts itself; and would speedily perish but for an amalgamation, necessary though uncongenial, with the laws, the manners, and institutions of the world. If all mankind were Friends they might subsist and prosper. A colony of Friends, thrown upon a savage shore and environed incident to the placed in America. The same remark, with nearly the : ; by from foreign colonial establishments, would perish, by forces and principles different from its own. In the settlers of New England alone we find a peculiar people ; but at the same time a people whose peculiarity was founded on safe practical principles if hostile influences not upheld — reconcileable with the duties of life ; capable of improvement in the pro- gress of civilization, and of expanding into a powerful state, as well as of animating a poor and persecuted colony. �NEW ENGLAND. Had ed America been discovered and not English colonization for such an uninviting spot fortunes, the world ;— nay, as furnished would have which the fathers of have made it class. A to men of prosperous noble developement of character A tropical climate would would have filled it up gold mine would have been a curse exhibit. uninhabitable to Puritans with adventurers of a different upon our continent reservit not been precisely no temptation lost that New England a tract further, had ; or rather Had the fields produced cotton and sugar, they have produced the men whom we venerate as the founders of to the latest generation. would not the liberties of New England. Puritanism sprang up in England, but there it could not develope itself with vigor or consist with happiness. The conflict with the hostile institutions of society was too sharp, and admitted of the cultivation of none but the militant or patient elements of character. To struggle with temporary success and to bow in permanent subjection was the necessary fate of the persecuted sect. So it was wisely ordained. Had Puritanism permanently mastered the church and the throne in England, it would have been corrupted. It would have picked up and worn the trampled diadem it would have installed itself in the subjected church. Regarding Cromwell and the Rump Parliament as the gift of Puritanism to : English liberty, most to sigh or smile. it is a bequest The at which we know not whether fell by the way side seed sown in England and the fowls came and devoured it up. The cause of political and social reform, which was conducted with self-denying wisdom and moderation in the outset, by single-hearted, honest men, degenerated In the moment of triumph as it prospered. sunk under the corruptions of selfishness, as a noble vessel which has braved the tempest in mid-ocean sometimes goes to its it pieces on the rocks as it'approaches land. But the precious seeds of liberty, civil and religious, which were sown New England, fell upon a genial soil, and brought forth worthy and abiding fruit. Undertaking the same work which was undertaken by in their brethren in England, our fathers conducted small things, through hardships, It is true there trial, it and disasters, were greater obstacles to through the days of to a triumphant issue. be encountered in England, in the resistance of established institutions. Deep rooted errors were to be up the towers of feudal oppression, which had stood for centuries, were to be overthrown. But the influence of these formidable institutions was not limited to Old England, The rod of arbitrary power reached torn ; The little colonies had to struggle with the crown and the hierarchy, with the privy council and with special commissions, with writs and acts of parliament and they had besides to struggle with the across the Atlantic. ; �NEW ENGLAND. savage foe, of a sterner hardships of the wilderness, the dangers of the the privations of a settler's life, climate than that of their native land, mother country ;— but they the alternating neglect and oppression of the of abuses in England, as struggled successfully with all. The reformers scattered a house they claimed to be called, brought a king to the block, with all the powers clothed of lords, and saw their great military leader and in twelve years the son of that king returned to the throne, state of amidst a jubilee of nanot merely by an unconditional restoration, but All the while the rejoicing and without one security for liberty. ; tional New fathers of extravagance England held on when their cause at their home even Avay (as ; not betrayed into they fondly called Old Eng- in despair at the miserable relapse which enand not indeed live to reap the fruit of their principles They did sued. reflects but the greater honor upon them that they and it their sacrifices great work from a sense of duty, deep-seated, con- land) was triumphant; nor ; persevered in their while they lived, unretrolling, fearless, and not the less so although, warded by worldly success. actuated by the only prinIn fact the founders of New England were It need not be said that this was ciple sufficient to produce this result. How easily it is uttered of our Pilgrim fathers that principle. religions little in these prosperthey were actuated by religious principle ; how description of their all that is wrapped up in that ous days do we realize comprehend of others what we have not is dithcult to character It ! experienced in ourselves. a highly capaWe That easy frame of mind which prevails among is scarcely favored people, in periods of halcyon prosperity, with the moral heroism, the spirof being placed in sympathy truly animated courage, the sublime equanimity of a generation persecution, and purified by hardby the relio^ious principle, exalted by of the such a period we can, by diligent contemplation itual ship. Happy if in men of conceiving other days, exalt our imaginations, till by proportion as we do this, In form a desire to imitate their virtues success. They did all realize the secret of their perseverance and venerated we we ! shall What cannot man do when things through Christ strengthening them. this life as a preparatory he has learned habitually and distinctly to regard introductory to an eternal a brief hour,— nay a fleeting moment, scene,— being'? The means and fathers of New England were enabled, with their scanty institutions feeble powers, to establish the foundation of which hutliat they regarded will last to the end of time, for the very reason moral naman interests and delights as transitory. That paradox in our triumph out of self-denial, tures which educes strength out of weakness, out of a stern preference of things not of all worldly power and success �NEW ENGLAND. this world, received its pilgrim fathers of New most illustrious confirmation in the career of the England. This principle of our natures success which attended the There these shores. is the key to the great problem of the forlorn hope of humanity that landed on indeed a fanaticism, which violates is all the laws which belong and the humbler influences which grow from the an of our nature, alike the higher ulterior principles to immortal rela- spirit, It leads to surprising tions of ordinary life. which dazzle us with deeds; brilliant eccentricities. it forms characters near allied It is to mad- But the religiousness of the fathers of New It England was a far different principle. It was eminently practical. allied itself with wise institutions of government; it sought the guidance ness ; often runs into of education ; it it. encouraged the various pursuits of industry; for the public safety and defence ; it provided and with chaste discrimination admit- It is difficult to say what sort of a ted the courtesies of polished life. commonwealth George Fox would have founded, had circumstances called him to assume the province of the legislator. It is most certain, that in setting up an immediate divine inspiration as the guide of every man, he maintained a principle at war with the very idea of a political system and all its institutions nor is it less certain that the constitution which was actually granted to Pennsylvania, by its pure and noble-spirited pro; possessed prietor, little of the peculiarities But the peaceful, and equitable temper. ped short of the point where They pursued of his sect but their mild, fathers of New England stop- solemn conviction passes into enthusiasm. the ordinary occupations of life, planted the vessels and navigated the sea, and carried on the usual field, built mechanic arts. They made provision for protection against the Indians and the French. They organized a plan of civil government; they established by law a system of common school education, for the first time in the history of the world, and they founded a college for the avowed purpose of training up men, well a class of educated and pious ministers grims. who had qualified to take the place of the learned emigra-ted with the These are the doings of first generation of intelligent and practical pil- men, not of en- and yet they are the doings of men so resolutely thusiasts or fanatics bent upon the exercise of the right of worshipping God according to the ; dictates of their consciences, home, fortune, and To say all that the fathers of to say that they were that they that the mass of men ; New to were willing men to sacrifice to it hold dear. England were not faultless, is merely say that they established no institutions, the object of which was to bind the consciences of their successors, praise asjust as it is high. If they adhered with undue tenacity is to their �NEW ENGLAND. own opinions, and least left failed in charity towards those who differed, they at beforehand their posterity free, without the attempt to secure the control of minds in other ages by transmitted symbols and tests. Hu- manity mourns over the rigors practised towards Roger Williams, the Quakers, and the unhappy persons suspected of witchcraft but let it ; was executed at Wurzburg, and that even in 1760 two women were thrown into the water in Leicestershire, in England, to ascertain by their sinking or swimming whether they were witches. Above all, it may deserve thoughtful enquiry, before we condemn the founders of New England, whether a class of men less stern in their principles and austere in their tempers, could have accomnot be forgotten that, as late as 17.49, a witch plished, under all the discouragements that surrounded them, against all the obstacles which dence called them, stood in their way, the greal work — the foundation of to which Provi- a family of republics, under a constitution of free representative reason to government. confederated There is every believe, great and precious as are the results of their principles, world, that the quickening power of those more and more displayed, with every leaf that is turned hitherto manifested to the principles will be in the book of Providence. That ses part of the United States denominated SIX STATES, SIXTY EIGHTY TOWNS. New Eivglazvd, compri- ONE COUNTIES, and TWELVE HUJVDRED AND Their extent, divisions, and population periods, are as follows : at several �NEW ENGLAND. New England In 1830, there were in 798 blind, and 18,668 dumb 1,112 persons deaf and The number aliens. ; of colored persons in 1820, was 20,782—1830, 21,310. See Register. New England increased in population, from 1790, per to 1800, 22.1 cent: from 1800, to 1810, 19.3 per cent: from 1810, to 1820, 12.7 per cent: from 1820, to 1830, 17.7 per cent; and from" 1830, When cent. it is nally peopled by considered, that most of the western states were origi- New Englanders, and that vast numbers annually emi- grate to those states, this increase of population with other Atlantic is 1S37, 12.4 to stated at 120,000 The states. ; in 1755, at 345,000 BouJVDARiEs AND EXTENT. ; and in 1775, This territory compared favorable, is New population of is England in 1700, at 714,000. bounded north and northwest by Lower Canada, about 375 miles, and east by the Province of New Brunswick, 275 miles. Its whole eastern, southeastern and southern borders are washed by the Atlantic ocean and the waters of Sound, a distance of about 600 miles. of New York, 280 miles. New England is situated Its It is Long Island bounded west by the circumference state about 1,530 miles. is between 41°, and 48° 12' north hitiJude, and Greenwich. Its greatest length is between the sources of the Madawaska, Me., and Greenwich, Ct., about 575 miles; and its greatest breadth is between Machias, Me., and Highgate, Vt., 300 miles. Its narrowest part is between Boston and West Stockbridge, Mass., 135 miles^ 65° and 74° 55', Name. 10' west longitude from During the unsuccessful attempts of Sir Walter Raleigh to plant colonies within the territory of North America, from 1584 to 1587, the whole country was called Virginia, in honor of was then on the into two In 1606, James British throne. sections, JVorth Queen I. Elizabeth, who divided the country and South Virginia; but the French having taken possession of the Canadas, and founded Quebec, in 1608, and the Dutch having established colonies at New York and Albany, in 1613, the intermediate New England, in to his native land, New the to its New England States, who visited first settlers this coast in 1614. We England people are frequently called Yankees. warranted in stating, from the best authority, that of the Heckewelder, that the Lena Lenape, nounced the word English, Yengees. but in the course of years, in Indian names and phrases, it late are learned a tribe of Indians belonging to the Six Nations, on the arrival of our forefathers to spelt, was called luxuriance and beauty, and in honor by the celebrated John Smith, one of the of Virginia, in 1607; and The now territory, compliment these shores, pro- The word was thus common originally with thousands of other became corrupted to Yankee. The first • �— NEW ENGLAND. land Englanders honorable ply — were English, or Englishmen, from Old Eng- the term Yankee, or English, and however ; New New England of settlers themselves, and reproachful only to may be applied to the descendants of the Puritans consider the term who those to misap- it. New Surface, Soil and Productions. ed for Mountains varied surface. its and solitary eminences intervales is distinguishspurs, beautiful swells, extended valleys, and alluvial ; meet the eye England immense ranges, bold in in Large every direction. rivers, unrivalled for courses and hydraulic power; brooks, rivulets, expansive their rapid more than lakes, countless ponds; and a sea coast of hundred miles, six decorated with delightful bays, harbors, and romantic islands, form and beautify the outline of a picture of The New soil of sand exist in all England New fitted, in ; a light is The soij clay, and most gener- brown loam, mixed with different degrees of moisture common production Loam, as varied as its surface. is their varieties and mixtures. ally diffused through this country, gravel England. and dryness, for every to the climate; and capable, with proper culture, of the highest fertility. The agricultural productions of this country are exceedingly numerThe staple articles, and such as are cultivated in all ous and valuable. their varieties, are grass, Indian corn, wheat, hemp, broom corn, peas, flax, rye, barley, oats, beans, potatoes, onions, millet, beets, carrots, trinips, squashes, melons, &c. The New fruits of England, both wild and cultivated, are merous and abundant. ces, grapes, in butternuts all &c. tiful in New their varieties; walnuts, chesnuts, Madeira nuts, This is but the commencement England, and remarkable The forests of New Among the so great list of the fruits, plen- and flavor. a noble variety of trees, not only all that a catalogue the uses of man. of The number them would cover pages. most valuable are the varieties of the pine, cedar, oak, wal- nut, spruce, maple, beech, birch, ash fir, of a for their richness England exhibit delightful to the eye, but valuable for is nu- strawberries, whortleberries, blackberries, mulberries, rasp- ; berries, of these also Apples, pears, peaches, plums, cherries, quin- ; the hemlock, hacmatack, elm, &c. The botanical resources of section of our country. New Among England are not the inferior to any other most beautiful native flowering shrubs are the laurel, rose, honeysuckle, and woodbine. MiJVERALOGy. New England unquestionably possesses a vast and �NEW ENGLAND. rich variety of minerals but until recently ; ploughing the ocean, or digging in o:i its people have been too busy its surface, to search for ti'easures its hills and valleys. A spirit of exploration, howLearned which promises the most favorable results. and indefatigable men are in the fieldj and the wisdom of our legislatures will keep them there. within the bosom of ever, has arisen, Granite or sienite, in all its Varieties, marble of various hues, varying polish, pected is is abundant; coal no wood and ; it is abundant to exist, but for roofing abundant. is New not. buildings ; Gold and silver are said Fine clay, sandstone, manganese and various other Garnets, cobalt, rock been discovered Copper forests. England; and iron ore, of a pure quality, in various sections of the country. we hope states: abundant on Cape Cod, where there found in meadows surrounded by exists in various parts of is in all the most of which, bearing a fine found in various places, and strongly sus- is Peat to exist in others. common is in quality, in various parts of articles for crystals, New ; slatestone, necessary use are and other minerals have England, and which are men- tioned under their localities within the volume. Climate. The above. and to New England is exceedingly various: below the zero of Fahrenheit to 95° The mercury has been known to descend from 20° to 30° below, climate of the temperature ranges from 102° above ; 15'^ but such cases rarely occur. European philosophers have imagined that the coldness of this part of America was caused by our northwest winds, proceeding, as they have thought, /rom the great lakes, which are situated in the interior of North America: but since it has been discovered that the great lakes lie westward of the true N. W. point, that opinion has been exploded. A second cause to which the coldness of these winds has been attributed, is a chain of high mountains running from southwest to northeast, in Canada and New Britain, at a great distance beyond the St. Lawrence. A third opinion is that of the venerated Dr. Holyoke, of Salem, supposed that the numerous evergreens in this country are the of the peculiar cold which it experiences. coldness of these winds proceeds from i\\e A fourth opinion is, who source that the forested state of the country. all those we have menwhich generate the peculiar cold of this Dr. Dwight entertained an opinion different from tioned, viz: that the winds country descend, in most cases, phere. The N. W. wind gree of cold is increased. from the superior regions of the atmos- rarely brings snow, but The deepest snows fall when it does, the de- with a N. E. wind, and storms from that quarter are most violent and of longest duration. the mountains, the snow falls earlier On and remains later than in the low �NEW ENGLAND. On grounds. those elevated sun^.mits, the winds have greater force in driving the snow into the long and deep gullies of the mountains, where is it are seen on the south sides of the highest monly it not to be dissolved by the vernal sun. so consolidated, as snow till A July. southeast storm shorter, than one from the A soon changes to rain. One common in its is If com- begin with snow, it duration W. with snow S. very short. is Squalls of March. by the inhabitants of our derived from the frequent changes in the state of the atmos- The temperature phere. Spots of May, and on often as violent, but is northeast. of the greatest inconveniences suffered country, as late as wind from the W. or brisk or rain, sometimes happens, but this kind are mountains Changes Changes from wet hours. are to dry, known has been change 44° to though seldom frequent, and from dry to twenty four the same in wet, are in at degree. times unpleasant, and probably unhealthy. There is no month in the year which is not sometimes very pleasant, and sometimes disagreeable. In a series of years, our most pleasant months Often the tember are, is the 20th of September to the The temperature delightful. Summer. Some persons be a more pleasant month than either September or October. there are usually a few days of intense In heat. except the brilliancy and beauty of the heavens, confessed to have the superiority over tation is wonderful literal sense, ; and renewing richness and splendor. rejoice on every side. its it seems all as others. if the This is think June In June, all other respects, this month must be The progress of vege- creative hand was, in a original plastic efforts, to adorn the All things are alive and gay. The pastures are world with " The little hills clothed with valleys are also covered with corn, and shout same time prevails mild, is sweet, and the sky singularly bright and beautiful. is the period denominated the Indian to From however, very warm. 20th of October, the weather the air September and October. first three weeks in Sep- are June, two, and not unfrequently the first for joy." The flocks. Health at the The in a peculiar degree. Spring is often chilled by by rains. The Winter months, mantle of snow, is the season for relaxa- easterly winds and rendered uncomfortable when tion the earth is clad with its and pleasure. The number three to one. of fair days in a year compared with the cloudy, is as We have had but few meteorological journals kept. For several years past they have become more frequent, and it is hoped, that from the increasing attention to the subject, comparative results of the weather will become more numerous and exact. Navigation- and Commerce. from the first 1* The people of New England, settlement of the country to the present time, have been �; NEW ENGLAND. celebrated for their fine ships, nautical prowess, and commercial Their extended Atlantic sea give them as great, can be found in any other country. vessels built in the United States in 1833, New tonnage, 161,626 tons; of which there were built in The number tonnage, 95,146. the spirit. forests of ship timber, not greater facilities for these enterprises, than if this or The number of and their noble coast, of seamen employed in was 1,188; England 590: navigation in United States, was 67,744, of which 37,142 belonged to New England. In consequence of the absence of both natural and to the fertile countries artificial channels on the borders of the great lakes, and west of the Alleghany mountains, the exports and imports of New England, compared with the whole of the United States, appear small but it must be borne in mind that a large proportion of the ships and seamen employed in this commerce belongsto New England, and that a vast amount of the ; exports from other states consists of the j^roducts of the manufacturing industry and fishery of that section of the country. The value of the imports of New England, during the year ending SO September, 1837, was $22,052,414. total value cf the imports of Exports, $11,878,324. the United States, in that period, The was $140,989,217; of exports, $117,419,376. During that period the American tonnage of New England, entered, compared with that of the United States, was as follows New England, : 1,944 vessels, 393,877 tons: United States, 6,024 vessels, 1,299,720 tons. During that time there tonnage, 122,987 tons ; were 949 vessels built in the United States which 389 were built in New England, meas- of uring 51,983 tons. Fishery. This important branch of industry, and one of the great- rial, to the American people, has, from time immemobeen almost exclusively cairied on by New England vessels, men, and capital. wealth est sources of In 1837, there were 508 vessels in the United States engaged in the was 127,239 tons of which number Nev/ England states measuring 115,194 tons. The same year there were 127,678 tons employed in the cod and mackerel 126.963 tons of which were owned in New England. fishery whale fishery 459 belonged ; the total tonnage ; to the ; ; Manufactures. From the mercial country. the U. S. first settlement of the country, to the New England was emphatically a comDuring the long wars in Europe, when the flag of general peace in Europe in 1815, was the only passport among England ships became the the belligerent nations. carriers of almost the New whole of the eastern �NEW ENGLAND. The change from war continent. land to its centre. It however to peace, in Europe, shook stood firm. During New Eng- a pause, in wliich conflicting interests in regard to the tariff on imports resources of were settled, the were examined, and it was found that a large porwhich had been accustomed to float on every gale, and the country tion of the capital subjected to the caprice of every nation, might profitably be employed at home, in supplying our own necessities, and placing our independence on a more sure foundation. A manufacturing spirit arose in New England, whose power can only be excelled by the magnitude and grandeur of innumerable streams on which it is seen to move. See Register. �ITEMS There to the are several items in this volume which do not strictly pertain Some of them are here noted. general character of the work. White Mountains, Distances on Long Island Sound and Hudson Routes Saratoga and Ballston Spi'ings, Troy, N. Y., - - Firmness of mind, A venerable - - ... ... .... - - N. Y., minister, - - .... .... .... Curious Courtship, Sound. Maine. briefly stated, Sharon, Ct. Long Island Sound. Hancock, Mass. Stamford, Ct. - Catskill Mountains, Bay - Lebanon Springs, N. Y., I. White Mountains. « « - .... Confidence in God, Long river, - - Lake George, N. Y., Whitehall, N. Y., The North Eastern Boundary Question New See White Mountains. to the Long Island Sound. Hartford, Ct. Lyme, Ct. Fundy, Fundy, Bay. St. John's, N. B., A Congregation made Prisoners, Darien, Ct. Brave Women, Dustan's Island, Gorham, Me., and Dorchester, Mass. A good shot, Dalton, JV. H. Goffe and Whalley, Hadley, Mass., and Woodbridge, Ct. Peddling, Alexanders' Lake, and Berlin, Ct. of The "Old Black Bull," - - ... Faithful Missionaries, Burning of - - Fairiield, Mount Auburn Cemetery, - Transplanting - Obookiah, - . Large Apple Tree, Thermometrical observations, Fortunate Stageman, Tribute to - female character, Large Pines, - Generals Allen and Stark, Fairfield, Ct. Epping, - - JV*. H. Belchertown, Mass. - - - - Ledyard, Ct. Liberty and JVorridgewock, Me. - General Putnam and the Wolf, Tornadoes, • - Cambridge, Mass. Fairlee and Whiting, Vt. . Cornwall, Ct. Duxbury, Mass. - ... ... fish, Colchester, Ct. Gorham, Me. Roxhury, Mass., and Haddam, Ct. Prices of sundry articles in 1750, Litchfield, Ct., and - Warner and JVew London, - JV. H., and Manchester, JV. H. Pomfret, Ct. Winchendon, Mass. �ITEMS. See Weston, Ct. Meteoric Stones, Windham, Story of the Frogs, Smart Old Men, A modest Stratford, J\\ office seeker. Lyme, Land Title settled by combat. The " Devil's Den," a good ice house, Large Trout, - Montville, Ct. Village, Ashford, Ct. relic of olden times. The *' Farmington, A^. H. Middlebo rough, Mass. . _ _ Dorchester, Mass. - Turtle well marked, Mohegan A - Fryeburgh, Me. . _ . . Poised Rock, New JVew Market, Hampshire Giant, Purgatory Cavern," Ice Beds, WJiitingham, Vt. Wethersfield, Ct. Singular motive for marriage, " Lovevvell's Fight," Curious Epitaphs, Strong, Me. - Atkinson, JV. H., and - H. Ct. Sterling, Ct. - - Floating Islands, A Ct. TVhitingham Vt., and Shutesbury, Mass. . . J\''. H. Sutton, Mass. Wallingford, Vt. . JVew Hartford, Ct. Kingdom," JVorth JBridgewater, Mass. Names of Towns, Plympton, Mass. A " South Shore" White oak, Tiverton, R. I. Tak, a slave, the captor of a British General, «* Satan's Horrible butchery of a family, Penobscot Indians, "The Wethersfield, Ct. . . Orono, Me. . Oxford, Ct. Pool," Shrewsbury, Mass. First mail stage in the United States, Indian George Mound, III. . . _ . Roxbury, and Webster, Mass. - - _ - ' . - Taunton, Mass. - . Wethersfield, Ct. - _ - An atrocious murder, A New England Clergyman of 1G86, Plymouth, Mass Ancient Epitaphs, runaway pond, Lake scenery, - . A worthy maiden Lady, A Connecticut river lawsuit, A Mass. White Mountains. Stafford, Ct., and Hopkinton, - . Foliage, The Drum Rock, Ridgefield, Ct. - Mineral Springs, Avalanches, H. Quincy, Mass. and John Adams, . The Hermitess, Tough words for stammerers. Autumnal Ossipee, JV. _ - - - _ - Warwick, R. I. Washington, Ct. Wenham, Mass. and Windsor, Ct. Glover, Vt. Winnepisiogee Lake^ �ITEMS. The « Charter Oak," - - See Hartford, Ct. - Augusta, Me., Charlestown, Mass., Hart- Retreats for the Insane, ford, Ct. Large Elm Tree, - - Chocorua's Curse, - Volcanic Eruptions, indications Ct., Gay Head, Hardships of and _ _ Chesterfield, JV. H"., of, .Albany, JV. H. East Haddam, of Shoals. Isle first Settlers, Relics of ancient Hatfield, Mass. . > Johnson and Hartland, Vt. Sanbornton, JV.H., - JkfoM/fon6oro' and Indians, and Kent, Ct. Kilkenny, JV. H. Sagacity of a Dog, Ladies' Shoes, The " - _ Lynn, Mass. _ Cat Hole," Meriden, Ct. White Fish, Madison and Saybrook, Town, Deaf and Dumb, Relics of an ancient Asylum do. for the for The " Hartford, Ct. the Blind, Indian Camp, Boston, - - - Deerfield, JV. Pool of Neipsic," A fruitful Rock, A brave Man, Glastenbury Antrim, - Ancient Family Record, Notable First Cost of " Victuals _ - Hourly Coaches in to last Copperas, manufacture one Rock, Strafford, Vt. - First Sacrifice of An old Frog, human - Distance of the Sound of Cannon, - JV. H. ditto. Ct. JVorwalk and Stamford, Ct. American _ - JVew Milford, , _ Life for - - _ _ _ White Mountains, . » Ct. Winchester, Ct. • . _ _ Woodbury, - - . Indian Bargains, _ . - - Me. Waterbury, Ct. Wilmington, Mass. - - . Indian Palace, Saco, Year,' _ - Rogers' Rock, a Roxbury, Mass. - The « Green Woods," Split Man . Bethel Rock, Marlboro^ and Salisbury, Vt. _ New England, . Culture of Hops, Mass. Roxbury, Mass. Leicester, of, Good Elbow-Room, H, ditto. of, ... Women, JV. Saybrook, Ct. Saybrook Platform, origin Joseph Warren, H. Ct'. , Charlestown, JV. H. - - Jewish Synagogue, Ct. Me. Bristol, _ liberty - Providence, R. I. Bridgewater, Vt. Barnard^ Vt. �NEW ENGLAND Abljot, vvock. man. Acton, Me. Me. This town lies Piscataquis co. 76 miles N. by E. from Augusta, 130 N. by E. from Portland, and about 40 N. N. E. from Norridgeson, E. GAZETTEER. It is bounded N. by Monby Guilford and S. by Park- The Piscataquis river passes nearly through its centre. It was Population, incorporated in 1827. 1837, 649. An interior town, in the county of York, recently taken from Shapleigh. It lies near the head waters of Salmon river, by which it is divided, on the W., from New-Hampshire. It is 107 miles S. W. from Augusta, and 15 W. from Alfred. Population, 1837, 1409. Actoii, Vt. Windham This town was 1782 It has some Plymouth co. This town is on it v/as incorporated. the high land between Massachu- fine brooks, but no important mill Three streams. It lies about 15 miles N. setts and Narraganset bays. rivers rise here, two of which emp- of Newfane, and about 90 S. of Population 1830, 176. ty into the Taunton, the other into Montpelier. It Ues 19 miles S. S. E. the North. Acton, Mass. from Boston, 22 N. W. from PlymMiddlesex co. This is a pleasouth, IS N. N. E. from Taunton, and 8 S. of Wej^mouth landing. ant farming town of good soil. The This town is noted for its manufac- Assabet river passes through it. It tures of boots, shoes, and tacks. The is 5 miles N. W. by W. of Concord, Incorpototal value of its manufactures, in and 21 N. W. of Boston. one j'ear, was ,<6;S47,294, of which rated 1735. Population 1837, 1071. Al>ingtOBi, I^Iass. first co. settled in 1781, and in the amount of .$82,000 was for tacks, and .$746,794 ior boots and shoes. Ac-*vortli, Sullivan co. There were 847 males and 470 females employed in the manufacture agricultural in IV. H. This town its is pursuits. chiefly The Cold river, generally good. which rises from Cold pond in this town, affords some good mill seats. This town was formerly noted for etmooskeagin. the culture of flax, which was manAcoakset River, ufactured by some of the inhabitants Rises on the border of the town into the finest linen, equal to any imported from Ireland. The town of Fall River, and meets an arm of Buzzard's bay, at Westport, 12 miles was settled in 1768, and incorporated in 1771. Population 1830, 1401. S. W. of New Bedford, Mass. of the latter. Population, 1337, This town was incorporated 3,057. in 1712. Its Indian name was Man- soil is �— NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. It lies 13 miles S. of 44 W. Addisou, Me. Newport, and of Concord. Washington Adaxns, Mass. Berkshire co. This is a flourishing agricultural and manufacturing township, comprising two villages, north and south, whose trade goes It is 40 miles E. of to New York. Troy, N. Y., 120 W. N. W. of Boston, 29 N. of Lenox, and 7 miles S. E. of Williamstown college. The Hoosack river passes through this town, and affords a great water power. There are in this town 19 cotton mills, 4 satinet factories, and 2 calico printing establishments. co. This town was incorporated in 1797. Population, It lies 14 miles W. by 1837, 901. S. from Machias, and 135 E.by N. from Augusta. Addison lies between Pleasant and Indian rivers, and near the south entrance into ;!ispe ky reach. Addison Point, or Cape Split, jutting out into the sea, off which are several small islands, is the principal harbor and place of trade. Addison Coiiiitj'', Vt. Mlddlehury is the chief town. There are also in this town large This county is bounded on the N. machine shops, 4 tanneries, 3 air and by Chittenden county; E. by Washcupola furnaces, and manufactories ington and Orange counties, and a S. by forks, part of Windsor county of shovels, spades, hoes, The total Rutland county, and W. by Lake chairs and cabinet ware. value of the manufactures of this Champlain. It was incoiporated in ; place in the year ending April 1, 1837, amounted to $1,045,417. Between the years 1746 and 1756, this town was the scene of much Traces of old Indian warfare. Furt Massachusetts are still found. Saddle .Mountain, the summit of which is called Gray Zoc/c, the highest of Massachusetts mountains, lies chiefly in this town, and, although it is 3,600 feet above the level of the sea, is of easy ascent. view from Gray lock probably gives " an idea of vastness and even of immensity" better than any other landscape in New England, Mt. Washington, in N. H. excepted. The natural bridge on Hudson's A Brook, worthy in this town, is a curiosity the notice of travellers. The waters of this brook have worn a fissure from 30 to 60 feet deep and 30 rods in length, through a body of white marble, or limestone, and formed a bridge of that material, 50 feet above the surface of the water. 1787, and contains about 700 square Large quantities of white miles. and beautifully variegated marble, which receives a fine polish, are found in this county, and large quantities of it are quarried and transported to various markets. This county is admirably well watered by Otter Creek, which rises near its southern boundary, and extends nearly through its centi-e by Mad and White rivers and by Lake Champlain, wliich affords it many navigable privileges. The ; ; good, particularly in those the mountains, and bordering the lake and rivers. This county contains 22 towns. Population, 1820, 20,469—1830, 24,940. Inhabitants to a square mile, 35. soil is towns below Addis oil, Vt. Addison co. This is supposed to be the first place settled by the whites, in this state, west of the a cavern in this town, 30 feet long, 20 high, and 20 wide. mountains. The town is pleasantly located on the east side of lake Champlain, and nearly opposite to Incorporated 1778. Population 1820 Crown 1,836—1830, 2,648—1834, 3,000— and in 1837, 4,191. York. At this place the lake is about 3 miles broad. The French, There is Point, in the state of New- �— NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. it is said, commenced a settlement here in 1731 ; the same year that they erected a fort at Crown Point. The English came here about 1770. mill privileges. These streams were once the residence of num- bers of the beaver, otter, &c. There are several lofty hills and town, 'the highest of which is called Chocorua, and is visible from a great extent of country. It received its name from Chocorua, an Indian, who was killed on the summit by a party of hunters in time of peace, before from Middlebury, and 40 V.'. S. W. •the settlement of the place. The from Montpelier. Population 1830, predominant rock of these hills is Otter Creek passes into the town, but affords no important mill sites. The surface of the town is low and level. Mil4 and Pike rivers, are small streams, which fall into the lake opposite to Crown Point. This town lies about 12 miles AV. N. W. mountains in 1,306. granite —a this decomposing variecrystals and grains of feldspar are very large. The soil So called, being three elevations is fertile, being a sandy loam, mixof land in York, Me., about 4 miler ed occasionally with coarse gravel. from the sea, and a noted land mark There are some fertile intervale for those on the coast to the north- lands on the borders of Swift river. ward and eastward of Portsmouth This town has been considerably Agameuticus Mountain, The highest summit is 673 above the ocean. It is said that Saint Aspinquid died on this mountain, in 1682, and th.l his harbor. feet was celebrated by tl- Inby the sacriiice of 671". wild funeral dians, animals. The Indian name of a river in Wareham, and of a part of Westfield river; and the name of a village on Westtield river, 2 miles S. W.'^from Springfield. Albany, Me. CO. This town was incor- porated in 1803. It lies about 17 miles W. by N. from Paris, and 58 W. from Augusta. It is the source of Crooked river, which empties into Sebago Lake. Population, 1837, 598. Albany, ]V. H., Strafford co., lies 60 miles N. by soft, which the retarded by a peculiar disease which afflicts neat cattle. Young cattle cannot be reared, nor can cows or oxen be kept here for a series of years, without being attacked by a singular and fatal distemper. It commences with a loss of appetite the animals refuse hay, grain and salt become emaciated an obstinate costiveness attends, but the abdomen becomes smaller than in health, and is diminished to one third its original bulk. After these symptoms have continued for an indefinite period, a brisk scouring comes on, and the animals fall away and — Aga^vani, Blass. Oxford ty, in die. — Though ; superstition may have found a reason in the dying curse of the murdered Chocorua, philosophy has not yet ascertained a satisfactory cause for the disease. It is probably owing to the properties contained in the waters. This town was granted Nov. 6, 1766, to Clement March, Joseph Senter and others, and until the 2d July, 1833, it bore the name of Burton. Popula- E. from Concord, and 67 N. N. W. from Dover. The principal river tion in 1830, 325. in Albany, is Swift river, which Albany, Vt. passes from W, to E. into the Saco, at Conway. There are several Orleans co. This town was grantsmall streams in different parts of ed in the year 1781, by the name the town, furnishing convenient of Lutterloh in 1815 itwas chang; 2 �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. present name. It is water by a number of ponds, and by Black river and its branches. Albany lies 34 miles N. from Montpelier, and 9 S. of Irasburgh. Pop- ed to its 6(1 ulation, 1830, 683. person gained his wealth in a manner which illustrates the antiquity of the propensity of the inhabitants of this state to the once honored, yet now despised employment of peddling, we will give the reader a short Albion, Me. notice of his history. He came from Scotland, with a great Kennebec co. This fine farming number of other emigrants, in a town lies on the stage road from ship which was to land them at Augusta to Bangor; 24 miles N. Boston. Just before leaving the E. from the former, and 44 S. W. Population, 1837, from the latter. This town produced 10,728 1609. bushels of wheat, in 1837. ring Albwrgli, Vt. Grand Settlements com- Isle co. menced here by emigrants from This town Canada, in 1782. lies at N. W. corner of the state and England 10 miles N. from North Hero, and 79 miles N. W. from Montpelier. It is bounded by the waters of Lake Cham plain, except on the north, where it meets the Canada line, in north latitude the of New ; ship he discovered a gold ring upon deck, for which he could find no owner. Thus fortunately provided, after his arrival he pawned the gold for small articles of trade, which he peddled in Boston and Roxbury. He was very prosperous, and finally became able to redeem the author of his success, and pursue his business without embarrassment. After a few years of constant activity, he acquired sufficient property to purchase a planta- of 3,500 acres in Killingly. gold ring was transmitted as a t.ort of talisman, to his only son 45^. The soil is good and finely JYell, who transferred it to his only It has a mineral spring, son JVell ; v/ho is now living at an ti^nbercd. of some repute in scrofulous cases. advanced age, and has already plaPopulation, 1830, 1,239. ced it in the hands of his grandson A^cll ; and fo it will doubtless conAlexasidePj Ble. tinue from JYell to JVell, agreeably Washington co. About 25 miles to the request of the first JVell, N. by W. from Machias, and S. of until the " last knell of the race is Baileyville, and Baring, which bor- tolled!" der on the river St. Croix. In this singular tradition has been town are some ponds, which, with handed down to iis by the aborithe large pond in Baring and Alex- gines concerning the origin of this ander, produce a large stream which lake. empties into Cobscook bay. PopuIn ancient times, when the red lation, 1837, 457. men of this quarter had long enjoyed prosperity, that is, when they Alexainler's Lalice. had foiind plenty of game in the This beoAitiful sheet of water, of Avoo ls,and fish in the ponds and rivabout a mile in length and half a ers, they at length fixed a time for mile in breadth, lies in the town of a general powwow, a sort of festival Killingly, Ct., and was formerly for eating, drinking, smoking, singknown to the Indians by the name ing and dancing. The spot chosen Its present name of Mashapaug. for this purpose was a sandy hill, or is derived from Nell Alexander, a mountain, covered with tall pines, man who settled at Killingly in occupying the situation where the 1720, and became proprietor of a lake now lies. The powwow lasted large portion of the town. As this four days in succession, and was to tion The A �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. continue longer had not the Great well watered by the higher sources enraged at the licentiousness of Mousum river, which meets the which prevailed there, resolved to sea at Kennebunk. In this town punish them. Accordingly, while is a society of those neat and industhe red people in immense numbers trious horticulturists and artizans, were capering about upon the sum- denominated *' Shakers." mit of the mountain, it suddenly Spirit, Alford, Mass. "gave way" beneath them, and sunk to a great depth, when the Berkshire co. On the line of the water from below rushed up and state of New York, and watered covered them all except one good by branches of Green river. Some old squaw, who occupied one of manufactories of leather and the peaks, which now bears of Loon's Island. name shoes. the Mr. Barber in his admirable work " Connecticut Historical Collections," from which this account is taken, observes, " whether entitled the tradition entitled to credit or not, we will do it justice by affirming that in a clear day, when there 125 miles W. from Boston, 14 S. by W. from Lenox, and 24 E. of Hud- N. Y. Population, 1837, 441. Incorporated, 1773. son, AlleiistOAvn, N. is no wind and the surface of the lake is smooth, the huge trunks and leafless branches of gigantic pines may be occasionally seen in the deepest part of the water, some of them reaching almost to the surface, in such huge and fantastic forms as to cause the beholder to startle!" IS Alexandria, N. H. Merrimack co. On H. the Suncook river, 11 miles S. E. from Concord, Portsmouth, The land generally is of an ordinary and 38 W. from quality, though there are some fine farms. The town is principally covered with a growth of oak and pine timber; and^great quantities of lumber are annually taken down the river. Allenstown is well watered, though no large stream passes through it. Great Bear brook furnishes the principal mill seats. Catamount hill is the highest land in town. At the E. end of this hill is a precipice of 70 feet nearly perpendicular, at the footof wljich is a cavern of some extent, inclining corporated, 1782. On Fowler's and wards. The first settlers wei-e upllob't Smith's rivers and several other Buntin and others. In 1748, while smaller streams are about 2000 acres at work on the western bank of the of intervale land, which produce Merrimack river,opposite the mouth flax, potatoes and grass in abund- of the Suncook, in company with ance. Other parts "of the town are James Carr, Mr. Buntin and his son, favorable for wheat and maize.— ten years of age, were surprised by This town was first settled by Jona party of Indians. Carr attempted athan, John M. and WilHam Cor- to escape, and was shot down. Bunliss, in 1769. A Grafton co. small part of Newfound lake lies in this town. Alexandria is 30 miles N. W. from Concord, and 40 S. E. from Haverhill. Population, 1830, 1,0S3. In- tin Alfred, Mc. and his son, making no resist- ance, were not harmed; but taken through the wilderness to Canada, One of the shire towns of York and sold to a French trader at Montcounty. It lies 24 miles N. from real ; with whom they remained York, 35 S. from Portland and 86 about eleven months, escaped, and S. W. from Augusta. Incorpora- fortunately reached home in safety. ted, 1808. Population, 1837, 1,360. Andrew, the son, continued on his This is a good farming town and is father's farm until the commence- �— NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Alton, N. H. ment of the revolution, when, entering the service of his country, he died in her defence at White Plains, Oct. 28, 1776, Incorporated July 2, 1831. Population, 1830, 421. Alna, Me. This town lies 22 N. E. from Concord, and 25 Strafford co. miles N. W, from Dover, and is bounded N. by Winnepisiogee lake and bay. The town is rough and uneven the ; hard and rocky, but productive when well cultivated. The growth of wood is chiefly oak, beech, maple and pine. The principal elevations are Mount-Major and Prospect Hill Merrymeeting bay extends S. about 1800 rods into this town, where it receives the waters of Merrymeeting river. Half-moon pond, between Alton and Barnstead, is 300 rods long and 150 wide. This town soil This town is situated in the coun- 10 miles N. from Wiscasset, 54 N. E. from Portland, and 20 S. S. E. from Augusta. Incorporated 1794. Population, 1837, This is a pleasant town and 1,138. well watered by Sheepscot river. ty of Lincoln, Alstead, N. H., Cheshire co., is 12 miles S. E. from Charlestown,14 N.from Keene was originally called JVeia Durand 50 W. by S. from Concord. ham Gore, and was settled in 1770, This town is well watered by small by Jacob Chamberlain and others. streams. Cold river passes through It was incorporated Jan. 15, 1796. the N. W. part; and some of the Population in 1830, 1,993. This branches of Ashuelot river have town has 2000 sheep. their sources in this town. There Aiiieslbury, Mass. are a number of ponds, the princiThis town is situated on the pal of which is Warren's pond length, 250 rods, breadth, 150. side of Merrimack river, in the Perch and pickerel are here caught county of Essex, 40 miles N. E. in great abundance. The soil is from Boston, 6 N. W. from Newstrong and productive, and the farms bvu-yport, and 7 N. E. from Havergenerally well cultivated. Manu- hill. Population, 1837, 2,567. It factures flourish in this town, and was taken from Salisbury in 1668, great attention is paid to education. and is separated from it by Powow Alstead was originally called New- river, a navigable stream for vessels pond, covering ton, and was granted by charter, of 300 tons. August 6, 1763, to Samuel Chase about 1000 acres, back of the town, and 69 others. General Amos Shep- 90 feet above the sea, serves as a ard, who was for many years a reservoir for a constant and extenmember of the General Court of sive water power. The manufacthis state, and President of the Sen- ture of flannel and satinet is very ate from 1797 to 1804, resided in extensively pursued. The amount this town, and was one of its prin- of those articles manufactured in cipal inhabitants from 1777 to the the year ending April 1, 1837, was time of his death, Jan. 1, 1812. By $425,000. Many vessels are built his persevering industry, his econ- here of superior timber, and the omy and correctness in business, manufacture of boots, shoes, leathand at the same time, by a rigid ad- er, chairs, phaetons, gigs, and carherence to uprightness and integri- ryalls is very considerable. The ty in his dealings with his fellow total amount of the various manumen, he acquired a handsome for- factures of this place is about $500,tune, and was in many things, a 000 annually. About half the poppattern worthy of imitation. Pop- vilation of the town is engaged in ulation in 1830, 1,552. This town mechanical labor. Josiah Bartlett, has 6000 sheep. M. D. one of the signers of the N ; A �— NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. declaration of independence born here, ia 1729. He died 19, 1795. Amberst, was May !EIe. Hancock co. This town is hounded on the S. by Mariaville. The head waters of Union river pass through it. It Ues about 25 miles E. Population, 1837, 198. of Bangor. was 120, of whom a considnumber belonged to Salem, Mass. The town was incorporated prietors erable Jan. 18, 1760, when it assumed the name of Amherst, in compliment to Among Lord Jeffrey Amherst. the worthy citizens of Amherst deserve remembrance, may be mentioned Hon. Moses Nichols, a native of Reading, Mass., who was a colonel under Gen. Stark in the Amlierst, X. H. Battle of Bennington: Hon. Samuel An important town, and the seat Dana, a native of Brighton, Mass. William Gordon, eminent of justice in Hillsborough county, Hon. It in the profession of the law. is situated on Souhegan river. is 23 miles S. from Concord, about Hon. Robert Means, who died Jan. the same distance from Hopkinron, 24, 1823, at the age of SO, was for 47 N. W. from Boston, 40 E. from a long period of time a resident in Keene, 60 S. E. from Windsor, Vt. Amherst. He was a native of IreIn 1764, he came to this and 4S4 from Washington. Souhe- land. gan is a considerable and very im- country, where by his industry and portant stream, and in its course application to business, he acquired to the IMerrimack river from this a large property, and great respect. Amherst did its duty manfully town, affords some of the finest waBab- during the revolutionary contest. ter privileges in the county. boosuck, Little Babboosuck and Jo During the farst four years of that English ponds are the largest col- war about one in seventy of its In some parts, people died in the service. The lections of water. and particularly on Souhegan river, expenses of that war, to this town, the soil is of an excellent quality, " in addition of any bounties, travel producing abundant crops. In oth- or wages given or promised by the er parts, on the hills elevated above State or the United States, was the village, the soil is of a good found to he in specie, £3,511." quality, and several valuable farms Population, 1830, 1,657. are found under good cultivation. Anilierst, Mass. The village is pleasant and contains Hampshire co. The college and many handsome buildings. There village in this town are on elevated is a spacious common between the two principal rows of houses, which ground and command a very beautiful prospect of the surrounding is often used for public purposes. There is what is termed a mineral country. Amherst was taken from spring, about 1 1-2 miles E. of the Hadley, and incorporated in 1759. The water has Population, 1837, 2,602. It lies 7 meeting house. been found useful in rheumatic miles E. by N. from Northampton, complaints, and in scrofulous and 108 S. from Dartmouth college, and scorbutic habits; for poisons by ivy, 82 miles W. from Boston. There are This town was good mill sites in this town on two dog-wood, &.C. granted in 1733, by Massachusetts, streams, which empty into the ConIts manufacto those persons living and the heirs necticut at Hadley. of those not living, who were offi- tures are various, consisting of cers and soldiers in the Narragan- woollen cloth, boots, shoes, leather, set war of l.')75. It was called A^ar- raganset ^V(9.3, and afterv/ards Souhegan- IVest. The number of pro- who hats, paper, chairs, cabinet \vp.rc, ware, axes, ploughs, palm-.'o::f hats, carriages, wagons, (large and tin �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. 1-2 miles from the Notch of the White Mountains, where the de scent is 50 feet, cut through a mass small) joiners' planes, stoves, steel pistols, and bowie knives. Total annual amount of manufacSee jRe^tures, about $200,000. 6 ister. Amoskeag Falls t& Village, 'N. H. hammers, Amity, Me. Wasliington co. Township No. 10, first range of townships from the east line of the state, about 100 Incormiles N. E. from Bangor. porated 1836. Population, 1S37, 130. This town has fine soil for wheat. of stratified granite. These falls are in the Merrimack between Goffstown on the river; W. and IManchestcr on the E. The of the river, within the distance cf half a mile, is 54 feet, producing a great hydraulic powcompany, with a large caper. ital, have commenced forming canals and erecting buildings for manAiiioiioosii.ck. !RivcrS; N. H. ufacturing purposes on a very exUpper and Lower. The Upper tensive scale. Their plan provides Amonoosuck rises in the ungranted for 37 mills, each containing 6000 Two canals, 2 factories, lan-ds north of the White Mountains, spindles. and passing N. E. into Dummer, a number of dwelling houses, maapproaches to within a few miles of chine shops, &c. are now nearly the Androscoggin; thence turn- completed. The canals are each a ing abruptly to the S. W. it pursues mile in length, and will, when comthat direction and falls into Connec- pleted, be equal to any works of the The village ticut river near the centre of North- kind in our country. Its whole length is is in Gofl'stown, 16 miles below Conumberland. about 50 miles. The valley of the cord and 18 miles above Nashua ; Upper Amonoosuck is 7 or S miles delightfully situated on the banks Amoskeag in breadth, and more than 20 in of these majestic falls. length it is scooped out with great is already a place of considerable beauty, the surface gently rising to business, and must eventually bethe summits of the mountains on come the mart of large manufacThe vicinity of the N. The Lower Amonoosuck turing operations. rises on the W. side of the White these falls was much fiequented by — whole fall A : Mountains, and after running a course of 50 miles, falls into the Connecticut just above Haverhill, by a mouth 100 yards wide. At the distance of two miles from its mouth, it receives the Wild Amonoosuck, a stream 40 yards wide, and, when raised by freshets, very swift and furious in of the The waters its course. Amonoosuck pure, and its bed clean; the current lively, and in some places rapid. The valley of the Lower Amonoosuck is about half a mile in width, and was probably once the bed of a lake, its S. W. limit being the rise of ground at its foot, over which the waters descended in their course to the Connecticut. There is a fine fall in this river about are The Sachem Wonothe Indians. The tribe unlanset resided here. der him was sometimes molested by the Mohawks, who carried terror to the hearts of all the eastern InIn time of war between dians. these hostile tribes, the Indians living in the neighborhood of the falls, concealed their provisions in the large cavities of the rocks on the island in the middle of the upper They entertained part of the fall. an idea that their deity had cut out these cavities for that purpose. Aiidovcr, Me. Oxford CO. This town was incor- Population, 1837, porated in 1804. 551. It lies about 30 miles N. W. from Paris, 61 >V. N. W. from Au- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. gusta, and 70 N. W. from Portland. It is finely watered by Ellis' river, a branch of the Androscoggin. This town is an extensive glebe of upland and intervale of excellent quality, surrounded by White Cap, Bald Pate, Blue and Cone mountains. by The town was first settled industrious and intelligent farm- Essex county, Mass., in 1790, and most of its present population maintain the characteristics of their fathers. ers from Audover, IV. II. Merrimack co. It lies 20 miles N. W. from Concord, and about 18 PopulaE. by N. from Newport. The Blackwa- Sept., 5, 1772; settled in Andover in 1796; died Jan. 10, 1818. possessed respectable poetical tal- He ents; was a writer on political subjects in the public papers, and was eminent in his profession. Jonathan ^\'eare, Esq., a civil magistrate, highly respected for his integrity, died in 1816. Mr. Joseph Noyes was much honored for his charitable disposition. In 1782 a congregational church was formed and the Rev. Jos.siah Babcock, of Milton, Andover, Mass., was ordained. is well adapted for grazing. It feeds about 4,000 bheep. though rough, Andover, Vt. Emigrants from Enmade a permanent stream but nu- settlement in this town, in 1776. It is the principal merous rills and brooks find their was organized, as a town, in 1781. way down the hills into the ponds It is a mountainous township. MarkThere are six hum and Terrible mountains lie in or Blackwater. ponds in Andover, the largest of the western part. The land is unewhich are Chance and Loon ponds, ven, the soil is hard, and the town both picturesque, and their wa- possesses but few water privileges. ters pure. The surface of this Population, 1830, 975. It lies 20 town is extremely uneven, and miles S. W. from Windsor 37 N. in some parts rocky and barren. E. from Bennington, and 68 S. from The Ragged Mountains pass along Montpelicr. The number of sheep the N., and the Kearsarge extends in this town is about 4,500. tion, 1830, 1,324. ter in the S. W. part of the town, Windsor field, co. Ct., first ; , ba5e along the W. The soil is parts of good quality, and pleasant villages are formed in diferent parts of the town. This town was granted in 1746, and was called JVcw Breton, in honor of the captors of Cape Breton in 1745; in which expedition several of the grantees It retained this were engaged. name until June 2.5, 1779, when it was incorporated by its present name. The first inhabitant of Andover was Joseph Fellows, who movhe died ed into the place in 1761 March 14, 1811, aged 84. Among the deceased citizens who are remembered with respect by the inhal)itants, we may mention Dr. Silas Barnard, the first phj'sician in town, a native of Bolton, Mass., who died June 25, 1795 Dr. Jacob B. Moore, its in Andover, Mass. many : : a native of Georgetown, Me., born This town lies on the south side of the Merrimack river, and is well watered by the Shaw- Essex CO. sheen river; and by Great Pond and Haggett's Pond, covering an area of 721 acres. It is 20 miles N. by. W. of Boston, 15 N. N. W. of Salem, 10 E. of Lowell, and 43 This S. S. E. of Concord, N. H. town was first settled in 1643. Incorporated, 1646. Population, 1837, This town has a valuable 4,878. water pov.er, which is used for manufactuiing purposes to a great extent. The value of its manufactures, for the year ending April 1, 1837, amounted to ,$624,450. They consisted of woollen goods, boots, shoes, leather, flax, soapstone, machinery, tin and cabinet wares. �• NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. This is a very chairs and hats. beautiful town of fine soil and unIt is on der excellent cultivation. high ground and commands a variThe ety of beautiful landscape. access to Andover from Boston by the railroad, is easy and very pleasThis town has long been celant. ebrated for its literary and theologiThere is no place cal institutions. England better situated in See for seminaries of learning. Hegister. New Androscoggin Hiver, Its most northerly branch is the Margallaway river which receives the waters of Dead and Diamond riverSjand unites with those flowing from Umbagog lake, about a mile distant from its From this junction, the outlet. confluent stream pursues a southerly course till it approaches near the White Mountains, where it receives several considerable tributaries, and passes into Maine,N. of Mount MoIt there bends to the E. and riah. S. E. ; in which course, through a fertile country, it passes near the sea-coast, and turning N. runs over falls at Brunswick, not far the from Bowdoin College, into Merrymeeting bay, forming a junction with the Kennebec, 20 miles from the sea. Or Ameriscoggin. Ann, Cape, Mass. See Gloucester, Mass. Anson, Me. Somerset co. Anson lies about 10 miles N. E. from Norridgewock, 112 W. from Portland, and 40 N. Incorporated, E. from Augusta. Population, 1837, 1,894. 1798. It lies at the junction of Seven Mile Brook with the Kennebec, on the western side of that river. Here are fine farms and good husbandmen. In 1837, 12,713 bushels of wheat was raised. co. It is S. W. from Concord, and 67 from Boston. The E. part of Antrim lies on Contoocook river; and though somewhat hilly, is a tract of productive land, a considerable proportion of On the river which is arable. there are valuable tracts of alluvial land. The North Branch river, so called, a small stream originating from several ponds in Stoddard, furnishes several valuable mill seats and in some parts of its course, it is bordered by tracts of intervale. The W. part of the town is mountainous, but suitable for grass, and affords an extensive range of good pasturage. There are six natural ponds well stored with perch and curiosity has been dispike. covered in the middle branch of Contoocook river, a rock, about 10 feet long and 8 feet wide, covered with a shallow coat of moss, affording sustenance to 21 different kinds of plants and shrubs, three of which produce edible fruit. Antrim was incorporated March 22, 1777. The A first settlement was made by Dea. James Aiken about the year 1768. Dea. Aiken was a native of Londonderry, where he was born in 17S1. He died July 27, 1817. He a professor of the christian religion more than 60 years, and adorned it by a serious and exemplary life. Population, 1830, 1,309. Antrim has about 4,400 sheep. was Appleton, Me. Waldo CO. This town lies 20 miles S. W. from Belfast, 84 N. W. from Portland, and 35 E. by S. from Incorporated, 1829. Augusta. It is situaPopulation, 1837, 839. ted between the head waters of the Muscongus and St. George's rivers. Considerable wheat is grown here. — Argyle, Me. This is a new Penobscot co. town, but fertile, and flourishing Antrim, N. H. Hillsborough N. W. from Amherst, 30 20 miles in its agricultural pursuits. It pro- �— — NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. 3,320 feet above the level of the sea. It consists of granite and is nearly destitute of vegetable cov; From Windsor, to the base, ering. ArLuigton, Vt. Its ascent is generally is 4 miles. Bennington co. This town was steep, but travellers who delight The time of to view rich and variegated scenefirst settled in 1763. ry, will be amply rewarded for the its organization is not known, as one Bisco, a tory, the town clerk in toil of a pilgrimage to its summit. It lies duces the best of wheat. 89 miles N. E, from Augusta. Population, 1S30, 326 in 1837, 601. 1777, destroyed the records. Jt is watered by Green river. Mill and Warm brooks, and Roaring branch which fall into the Battenkill, at the north part of the town. AslilburuUaui, Mass. finely These streams afford excellent mill and on their banks are large sites, bodies of superior meadow land. West and Red mountains extend This township Tileston and others of Dorchester, for services in an expedition against Canada, in For many years it the year 1690. was called " Dorchester Canada." Worcester was granted It co. to Thomas was incorporated as a town in Ashburnham lies on the through the west part of the town 1765. and supply a great variety of good height of land between the ConExcellent marble is found necticut and Merrimack rivers. It timber. considerable quantities of is watered by large ponds which here which are wrought and transported. furnish good mill seats. Its manuHere is a medicinal spring, and a factures consist of cotton goods, cavern of large dimensions. The boots, shoes, leather, chairs, cabinspring is not of much note, but the et ware, fur and palm-leaf hats ; the cavern is a great curiosity. This annual value of which is about $100,000. This town is 30 miles is a flourishing town in both its agricultural and manufacturing pur- N. from Worcester, 50 N. W. from The number of sheep in Boston, and 35 W. from Lowell. suits. ; — town in 1836, was 10,077. It 15 miles N. from Bennington, 106 S. W. from Montpelier, and 40 N. E. from Troy, N. Y. Population, 1830, 1,207. this Population, 1837, 1,758. lies Axoostook River. This river rises in the interior part of Penobscot county, Me., and after traversing more than 100 miles, and receiving many and powerful tributaries in that state, the river St. Johns in it falls into Aslil>y, Concord, 42 W. N. W. from Boston and 8 S. E. from New Ipswich, N. H. Population, 1837, 1,201. It has some manufactures of palm-leaf hats boots, shoes, chairs, wooden ware, and curled hair. New Brunswick. The lands on this river and its branches are very fertile, and are said to be equal to the celebrated Genesee lands for the culture of AscTitiiey Aslifield, Moimtain, "Vt. This mountain is situated in the towns of Windsor ?nd Weathersfield. It is 3,116 feet above the Connecticut river, at Windsor \ and Mass. This town was Franklin co. settled in 1754, and, until its first incorcalled 1764, it was Population, 1837, 1,656. This town is on elevated land between Deerfield and Westfield rivers, to each of which it sends a It has small mansmall tributary. ufactures of leather, scythe snaiths, spirits and essences, and about poration, in Huntslown. wheat. Mass. a pleasant town, in the This county of Middlesex, on the line of N. H. It is 25 miles N. W\ from is �NEW ENGLAND It is 105 miles W. from Boston, 12 S. ^Y. IVom Greeniicld, and 15 N. W. from Northampton. 8000 sheep. AsJiforcl, Ct. Windham co. first settled in ington termed him, in a general order after his death, "the gallant and brave Col, Knowlton, who would have been an honor to any coun. try," This town was Incorporated, watered hy several Asliiielot liiver, 1710. 1714. It is small streams which afford a water power for one cotton and three woollen factories. The surface of the town is rough and stony, hut excellent for grazing. The number of sheep in this town is about 5,000. It lies 31 miles E. from Hartford, and 14 N. W. from Brooklyn. Population, 1S30, 2,GG0. The following is said to have occurred in this town, and is told to illustrate the manners and customs of ancient *' concourse of people times. were assembled on the hill in front of the meeting house, to witness the punishment of a man who had been convicted of neglecting to go to meeting on the Sabbath for a peAccording riod of three months. to the existing law for such delinquency, the culprit was to be pubJust as licly whipped at the post. the whip was about to be applied, a stranger on horseback appeared, rode up to the crowd of spectators, A and enquired GAZETTEER. for what purpose they Jf. II., Or Ashwillet, a river in Cheshcounty, which has its source in a pond in Washington. It runs in ire a southerly course through Marlow Keene, where it reconsiderable branch issu- and Gilsum, to ceives a ing from ponds in Stoddard, From Keene it proceeds to Swanzey, where it receives another considerable branch which originates in Jaffrey and Fitzwilliam, It pursues course southerly and westerly through Yvlnchcster into Hinsdale, where, at the distance of about 3 miles from the S. line of the state, it empties into the Connecticut. its Assabet River, Mass. This river rises in the neighborhood of Westborough it passes through Marlborough, Northborough and Stow, and joins Sudbury river at Concord. ; — Alliens, Me. Somerset co. This town was incorporated in 1803. Population, 1837, 1,424. It is about 18 miles N. N. E. from Norridgewock, 114 N. N. E. from Portland and 45 N. were assembled. Being informed of the state of the case, the strange gentleman rose upright in his stirIt is watered by a rups, and with emphasis addressed from Augusta. the astonished multitude as follows tributary of Kennebec river. ' You men of Ashford, serve God Atliens Vt. as if the D...1 was in you Do you think you can whijj the grace of Windham co. This town lies 14 God into men ? Christ will have miles N. from Newfane, 98 S. from none but volunteers,' The people Monlpelier, 10 W. from Bellows' stared, while the speaker, probably Falls, and about 40 N. E. from BenPopulation, 1830, 415. not caring to be arraigned for con- nington, tempt of court, put spurs to his This town was first settled in 1780, horse, and was soon out of sight; by people from Rindge, N. H., and nor was he evermore seen or heard Winchendon, Mass. They encoun" The snow of by the good people of Ashford." tered great hardships. Col. Thomas Knowlton was a na- was four feet deep when they came tive of this tov/n. He was at the into town, and they had to beat battle of Bunker Hill, and fell at their own path for 8 miles through small yoke of oxen Heerlem Heights, in 1776. Wash- the woods. : ! A / �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. were the only domestic animals This that they took with them." is a good township of land, particularly for grazing. It has 2000 sheep. Here are productive orchards, pine timber, and a small mill stream. Athol; Mass. Worcester The Indian name co. This of this town was Paquoig. pleasant place lies 60 miles W. N. W. from Boston, 28 N. W, from Worcester, and about 24 W. from Fitchburg. Miller's river is a fine stream, and affords Athol a great water power. The manufactures of Athol consist of cotton goods, hoots, shoes, leather, paper, iron castings, scythes, ploughs, cabinet ware, machinery, straw bonnets, palm leaf hats, shoe pegs, harnesses, shoe and hat boxes, pails, sashes, annual amount doors and blinds about $175,000. Incorporated, 1762. Population, 1837, 1,603. ; — Atldnson, Me. Piscataquis co. and served as chaplain in the regiment under Col. Poor, stationed at Winter-Hill. TllU academy in this town is one of the oldest and most respectable institutions in the state ; it was incorporated Feb. " In a large meadow in 17, 1791. this town, there is an island, containing 7 or 8 acres, which was formerly loaded with valuable pine timber and other forest wood. When the meadow is overflowed, by means of an artificial dam, this island rises in the same degree as the water lution, rises, which is sometimes six feet. Near the middle of this island, is a small pond, which has been gradually lessening ever since it vva.s first known, and is now almost covered with verdure. In the water of this pond, there have been fish in plenty ; Vviiich, when the meadow hath been flowed, have appeared there, and when the Avater hath been drawn off, have been left on the meadow at which time the island settles to its usual place." Population, 1830, 555. ; This township was incorporated in 1819. It lies Attlelioi'ovigli, Mass. about 35 miles N, N. W. from Bangor, 132 N. E. from Portland, and This town lies at the N. W. cor79 N. E. from Augusta. Popula- ner of the county of Bristol 12 tion, 1837, 557. It is bounded on miles N. from Providence, R. I., 8 the N. by Piscataquis river. This N. W. from Taunton, and 28 S. town has a fifood soil. Wheat crop, from Boston. A branch of the 1-^37, 5,16S^bushels. Pawtucket rises here, and several ; Atl^Lnsou, N. H. Rockingham co. It is situated 80 miles S. W. from Portsmouth, and 32 S. E. from Concord. The surface of Atkinson is uneven the soil of a superior quality, and well ; The cultivation of the apple has received much attention here, and the finest fruit is produced. Incorporated Sept. 3, 1767, by its present name, in honor of Theodore Atkinson. Several of the first settlers lived to a great age. The Rev. Stephen Peabocly was the first settled minister in Atkinson. He was a native of Andover, Mass. He took an active part in the revocultivated. other rivers pass through the town. It possesses a fine water power. It was first settled, 1644, and incorporated in 1694. Population, 1837, 2,396. The value of the manufactures at this place, for the year ending April 1, 1837, amounted to about^ $500,000. That of cotton goods alone to $229,571. The other manufactures consisted of boots, shoes, leather, metal buttons, combs jewelry, clocks, planing machines, carpenter's tools, straw bonnets, chairs and cabinet ware. This town suffered much during the reign of the celebrated Indian King Philip. In 1675, Attleborough was a. frontier settlement. �— a NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. AwTjiirn, Mass. Worcester co. town had been Until must pass 1837, this Ward, called in hon- or of General Ward, of the revoluIt was incorporated tionary army. Population, 1837, 1,183. in 1778. Auburn is a pleasant agricultural town. French river passes through it. It lies 5 miles S. by W. from W. Worcester, and 45 S. W. from Boston. ; ; ; ; tained 6,300 inhabitants. Its Indian name w^as Cushnoe. There was, in its early settlement, a fort, and four block houses built of timber, to afford protection to the inhabitants from the Indians, who were then very troublesome. The was is still Fort Western, and standing on the east bank of passage The Kennebec bridge, uniting the river to a level surface ; it is well laid out, neatly built, and contains many handsome dwelling houses. of the streets are decorated — trees, planted on each side ; striking evidence of the good taste of the inhabitants. The State House is a spacious and elegant structure, located upon a beaviliful eminence about half a mile from the village, on the road towards Hallowell, and commands an extensive and very delightful prospect. It is built of hammered granite, or rather gneiss of a white color, and very much resembles The materiof which it was built, was quarried from the spot on which it stands. It has a spacious hall for the Representatives ; two of convenient size for the Senate and the Executive Departments, and rooms for all the marble, at a distance. al offices immediately connected with the Government. In front is an extensive commor? 5 adorned with trees tastefully arranged, which, when grown into shades, will afford a delightful promenade. called the river, and is dwelling house. now occupied as a This is already a town, not only in its agricultural pursuits, but in its commerce and manufactures. The tonnage of the place is about 3000 very its by This delightful town, the Capital of the state, and chief town of the county of Kennebec, is in N. Lat. 44° 18' 43" and W. Lon. 69° 50'. It lies 146 miles N. E. from Concord, N. H.; 182 E. N. E. from Montpelier, Vt. 163 N. N. E. from Boston, Mass. 203 N. N. E. from Providence, R. I. 260 N. E. from Hartford, Ct. and 595 miles N. E. from Washington. Augusta is situated at the head of sloop navigation on Kennebec river, 43 miles from the sea. The town lies on both sides of the Kennebec, and contains an area of 8 by 6 miles. It was first settled in 1771, and incorporated in 1797. In 1836 it con- fort on east and west parts of the town is a fine structure. It was built in 1799; is 520 feet in length, and The town rises by cost $28,000. an easy ascent on both sides of the Many Angiista, Me. this place market. to flourisliing The United States'' Arsenal buildings are situated upon the east bank of the river, in viev/ of the village, and are chiefly constructed of stone, and present a very fine ap- The Government has expended large sums of money in pearance. Its exports are lumber of all their construction, and it is expectkinds, oats, peas, beans, hay, pota- ed that soon the Government will toes, wool, cider, apples, &,c. make it an Arsenal of ConstrucWhen the extent and resources of tion. There are at present about the noble Kennebec and its tributa- 2000 stand of arms deposited here, ries, above tide water, are considbesides cannon and other munitions ered, some idea may be formed of of war. The Post is commanded by the vast quantity of lumber that a captain of the Ordnance Depart- tons. �NEW ENGLAND ment, aided by a Lieut, of the same GAZETTEER. new era is opened to AuThe mighty waters of the Kennebec have been arrested in But a gusta. corps. The State Insane Hospital. This their course. That proud stream, splendid granite edifice, an honor which, for ages, has rolled its rapid to the state and to humanity, occucurrent to the ocean, unimpeded by pies a plat of elevated ground, of the devices of man, is destined for seventy acres, on the east side of ages to come, to pay perpetual Its situation is unrivalthe river. homage to Yankee perseverance ed for the beauty of its scenery. and skill, and to lend its gigantic This building was commenced in strength to aid the arts and sciences 1836, and will probably be completin supplying the wants of millions. ed and prepared to receive patients, We may perhaps, be suspected of in 1S39. It will cost the state, and partiality towards this lovely Vilgome beneficent individuals, who lage of the East, for giving it so exhave made liberal donations towards but, as accounts tended a notice its erection, about $100,000. It is of works of great public utility are of the model of the Lunatic Hosinteresting to most of our readers, pital at Worcester, Mass., and is both duty and inclination prompt us much admired for its external arch- to give a brief desciiption of the itecture and internal arrangement. Keivivebec Dam; a magnificent The centre building and wings are structure; bold in its design curilong the centre building 262 feet ous in its workmanship, and probis 82 feet in length, 46 feet wide, 4 ably unrivaled by any work of simstories high, besides the basement ilar character and for'similar purand attic, having a chapel in the attic poses, in this or an\^ other country. 80 by 40. The wings are 90 feet Although Augusta enjoys the long in front, and 100 in the rear, pleasure of seeing this noble enter38 feet wide, and 3 stories high, diprise accomplished within its own vided into 126 rooms, 120 of which borders, and by the energy of its are designed for patients, the reown people yet improvements of maining 6 for water closets and oththis character are by no means loer purposes, with halls between the The benefits cal in (heir effects. rooms 12 feet wide running the enof this undertaking will be felt, not each wing, and comtire length of only in the valley of the Kennebec, municating with the dining rooms but throughout the state. in the centre building. ; — — — — ; — ; The Augusta High School, an elegant brick building, situated upon a beautiful eminence, 2 stories high, 65 feet long by 50 wide, having a pediment front supported by doric columns, and contains two large school rooms, beside a laboratory and four recitation rooms, and cost about $7,000. is The above is a brief sketch of the prominent features of this beautiful and flourishing town such as ; — has become by the common efof an intelligent and enterprising people, joined to the natural advantages of the place. it forts 3 These woi-ks were commenced 1836, by the Kennebec Locks and Canals Company, and com- in pleted in September, cost 1S37. was about $300,000. Tlie They are about half a mile above the cenof the A'illage, and were constructed under the supeiintendence BoARDMA]v,of of Col. tre William Nashua, N. H., as chief engineer, from whose report many of the following facts are elicited. The length of the Dam, exclu- abutments and Lock, is 584 feet— the base, 127 the height ^5 feet above orfeet It is built dinary high watei mark. with cribs of timber, bolted and sive of the — stone �— — NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. trenailed strongly together, and is filled with ballast, to the very top. The upper slope is covered with five inch pine plank, jointed and perfectly tight ; the lower with live and three inch hemlock plank. The crest, terminating at the sluice, near the middle of the overfall, is level, and covered entirely with stone eisfht feet in length, and strongly secured with iron straps and bolts. The sluice, sixty feet in length, is covered in the same manner, and is about twenty inches lower than the wings. The walls Lock are 170 feet in length, chamber 101 feet by 2S 1-3 feet of the its with a single lift; the west wall serves as the eastern abutment of the Dam it is 23 feet in the clear, — including, the guard gates. The gates are of great strength, built of heavy oak timber, and in the most substantial manner, revolving in stone coins, with which stone and sheet-piling is connected, extending across and 25 feet into each bank, and driven 10 feet below the bottom of the Canals. The walls on the banks of the river, above and below the Dam, extending about 500 feet, are of the same height as the Canal walls, and 8 feet thick at the base. On the upper side of the Dam is a sheet of timber-piling, tongued and grooved, and either resting on the bare ledge, or driven as far as they could be made to penetrate into the solid bed v/hich covers a portion of thick at the base, graduated to 25 its surface, and is connected with at the top. The head and east wails the piling which passes under and are of corresponding strength. acro"<s tbe Lock into the east bank, Both are built wholly of granite. and also with that which is driven The face courses hammered, bed in the west bank of the I'iver. and joint, rabnitted, and laid in ce- Above this, and extending to the ment, and the rabbit filled with top of the Dam, so as to cover the cement. The floor of the Lock is entire planking of the upper slope, constructed of timber fifteen inches is a mass of gravel from 20 to 30 deep, and covered with five inch feet deep. pine plank, tongued and grooved, 2,500,000 feet of fimber and about with an additional flooring of five 25 tons of iron have been used in inch hard wood plank, commencing constructing the Dam, and about at the head of the Lock and ex- 75,000 tons of ballast have been detending fourteen feet. The main posited in it. gates of the Lock, and guard gates The Lock, Piers, River and Mill of the Canals, are of white oak from walls, with the Canal walls, exthe Chesapeake, and the wicket tending to and including the guard gates of cast iron. The large stone gates, contain about 800,000 cubic piers above the Dam, for the pro- feet of stone. tection of the Lock and abutments, During the progress of the work, are each 30 feet square on the base, and especially while the course of graduated to 25 feet on the top, and the river was contracted to a space about 34 feet high, and built of of 17 feet wide by 24 deep (a time granite, clamped and strapped with peculiarly favorable for forming an iron. estimate, and rarely offered in a The Canals on each side of the stream of this magnitude) repeated river are 50 feet wide in the clear, observations were made upon the carrying 10 feet of water from the velocity of the current, and at no level of the top of the dam. The time was there found a less quantiwalls are 22 feet high, 7 1-2 feet ty than 2,500 cubic feet per second. thick at the base, and 5 feet at the It is proper to add that the seasons top. They are finished as far as, and of 1836 and 1837, were both re- �— NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. markable for the small quantity of water running in all the streams in this vicinity. The pond formed by this Dam covers 1200 acres. It is 16 1-2 miles in length, and its average depth is 16 feet. Augusta presents advantages for manufacturing establishments, equal, if not superior to any in New England. It is located in the heart of a large and powerful state, rapidly increasing in population and wealth ; surrounded by a — at very low prices. The facilities afforded at this place, for transportation, are of inestimable value to a large manufac- Cotton and other raw materials, and manufactured goods, may be transported by water, to and from the very doors of the mills. At no distant period the great eastern railroad from Boston and Portland will pass through this town, in its course to Bangor. At this tiaie, steamboats pass from Augusta to Boston in eleven hours. November to July. Preparations are making for the erection of buildings for extensive manufacturing operations. See Ap. Aurora, Me. Hancock co. This town lies 106 miles from Augusta. With a population of only 140, this town produced, in 1S37, among its agricultural products, 855 bushels of wheat. Avcrill, Vt. Essex Canada CO. line, Guildhall. This town lies on the about 30 miles N. of It has several large ponds and a branch river. 'of Nulhegan Some of these waters pass to the Connecticut, and some to the river St. Francis. The soil of Averill is cold and broken, with few cultivators. turing town. Avon, Me. Franklin co. Avon lies 35 miles from Norridgewock, and 50 N. N. W. from Augusta. It W. by N. was incorporated in 1802. Popu- watered by some of the head branches of Sanlation, 1837, 767. It is dy river. In 1837, this town produced 3,220 bushels of wheat. The greatest consideration, however, in regai-d to Augusta, as a manufacturing town, is its unfailing suppli/ of water. branch of tb.e Kennebec surplus power from inexhaustible fertile country, rich in every necessary agricultural product, and stored with granite, clay, lumber, lime, iron ore every building material ; all of which are found near the spot, and ' Avon, Ct. Hartford co. The main en fi-om This town was takFarmington, in 1830. Pop- ulation, 1,025. It lies between two mountainous ridges and has considerable rich level land on the borders of Farmington river. This is of water. On its passage to Augus- a handsome agricultural town and ta, Dead river. Seven Mile Brook, possesses some very beautiful scentlie Sandy, Sebasticook, and many ery. The view from Monte Video, other less powerful streams pay their on Talcott mountain, nearly 1000 tribute to it. Indeed, all the waters feet above the waters of the Conis the outlet lake, with numerous powerful tributaries, connected with other lakes or large reservoirs of an inunense of the extensive valley of the Kennebec, above the Dam, meet at this place. It may be said with safety, that this place possesses a water power amply sufficient to drive 200,000 spindles, day and night, throughout the year; and an almost necticut, is quite enchanting. "Wardsworth's Tower," or Monte Video, is much resorted to by parof pleasure in summer months. is 6 miles N. from Farmington, and 9 W. N. W. from Hartties Avon ford. �' NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Baclielder, Me. Oxford This township lies between two moinUains on the line of New Hampshire, 20 miles W. by N. from Paris, and 60 W. from Augusta. CO. Baileyville, Me. Washington This town is on the line of New Brunswick, about 45 miles N. by W. from Machias, and 80 E. N. E. from Bangor. Inco. corporated, 1828. Population, 1837, 331. BaileyviJle is watered on the E. by the St. Croix, and on the N. by the outlet of Schoodic lakes. Baker's River, N. H. Baker's river, a considerable stream in Grafton county, is formed of two branches. The N. branch has its source near Moosehillock mountain in Coventry. It runs southerly through Warren into Wentvvorth, where it unites with the S. branch which originates in Orange. After the union of these branches, the river pursues a S. E. and an easterly course through the S. part of Rumney and the N. part of Plymouth, where it forms a junction with Pemigewaset river just above Plymouth village. It was on this river, in the township of ber of ponds, affording fish of various kinds. Baldwin was incorporated in 1,133. 1802. It is Population, 1837, 26 miles W. S. W. froju Portland. Ealtiniore, Vt. Windsor co. This town was taken from Cavendish in 1793. Hawk mountain is the division line. The soil iswai-m but stony. 1,200 sheep. An abundance of gneiss and granite is found here. It'is 10 miles^N. W. from Windsor and about 65 S. from Montpelier. Population, 1830, 179. Eaiigor, Me. This is the chief town of Penob- scot county. It lies in N. lat. 44° 47' 50"., W. long. 6S° 47'. It lies 66 miles E. N. E. from Augusta, 120 N. E. by E. from Portland, 230 N. E. from Boston, Mass., 115 S. from Easlport, and 675 N. E. fj-om Washington. The first settlement in this place, by the whites, was made in the winter of 1769 1770, In 1772,the Piantation,Kenduskeagj as it was then called, consisted of twelve families. In 1790, the population of Banoor was 169 in 1800 277; in 1810,850; in 1820, 1,221;' in 1830, 2,868, and in 1837, 9,20l! This place is situated at the head ol Rumney, that General Stark was navigation on the v/est side of Pecaptured by the Indians, on the 28th nobscot river, 30 miles N. by E. of April, 1752. from Belfast bay, 60 to Matawamkeag Point, 120 to Houlton, and Bakersiield, Vt., about 60 miles from the open sea. Franklin co., lies 30 miles N. E. The compact part of the population from Burlington, 38 N. N. W. from reside on both sides of Kenduskeag Montpelier, and 15 miles E. from stream, about 190 yards in width at St. Albans. Branches of Missis- its mouth, over which are three que river pass through it. This bridges, and on which, at the foot town is well timbered with hard of the falls, about a mile from the wood the land is warm, but some- city, are numerous mills. The what broken. 4,000 sheep. First bridge across the Penobscot, 100 settled about 1789. Population, rods above the mouth of the Ken1830, 1,087. duskeag, is about 440 yards in length. It cost $50,000. The basin Ealdwim, Me. at and below the mouth of the KenCumberland co. This town is duskeag, where the shipping lie bounded E. by Sebago pond and W. to receive their cargoes, is 80 rods by Saco river. It contains a num- in width, and affords good anchor, ; J �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. age. The tide generally rises about Ship building is extensively pursued at this place but commerce in lumber, of all the va17 feet. ; rious kinds in use, is the principal occupation of the inhabitants. An immense amount of that article is annually rafted down the rivers, and transported to almost all parts of the world. Bangor is the greatest depot for lumber on the continent of America. On the Penobscot river and its tributary streams, above Bangor, are more than 250 saw-mills, capable of cutting at least two hundred million feet of boards a year; all of Vv'bich, except what is used in building, must be shipped at the harbor of Bangor. The value of the boards, timber, clapboards, shingles, oars, scantling, wood, &c., shipped at this port, varies from a million to a million and a half of dollars, annually. About 1200 vessels of about 110 tons burthen are annually employed during the season of navigation, in freighting lumber, timber, &c., to various places. There are belonging to this place, about 100 sail of coasting vessels, 50 engaged in foreign commerce, and 15 or 20 other vessels engaged in the tisheries. boats ply to and from Portland and Boston, during the season of navigation, which generally continues eight months in the year. The great eastern railroad from Boston will doubtless reach this eastern city before the lapse of many years. On the banks of the Penobscot, within the city, three miles above the mouth of the Kenduskeag, is what is called " Fort Hill," the site of a fortification, supposed to be the ancient "Negas," destroyed by Captain Heath, with a party of men, in 1725, who, it is said, " fell on a village of about 50 Indian houses, and committed them to the flames. The Indians becoming alarmed, deserted them." Bangor is on one of the noblest rivers in the Northern States ; the product of an almost innumerable number of tributary streams. Na- — ture has seated Bangor at the natural outlet of these mightj' waters, as the mart of one of the most extensive, and one of the richest alluvial basins east of the Ohio valley. It is true that this section of country is in a high degree of latitude, and that the icy chains of winter are felt with greater force and for a longer period than in more southern climes. But this seeming town disadvantage is more than compensated by the unrivalled purity of two of the inIts government is under a Mayor the air and water, and seven Aldermen, who consti- dispensable requisitions of health and twen- and longevit3^ There is probably tute the upper Board ty-one Common Council men, who, no portion of counti-y in the world when they have elected a Presi- where the great staples of wheat, Bangor was incorporated in 1791. In 1S34 it as a became a city. — ; dent, constitute the lower Board. city court sets every Monday. The site of the city is pleasant, commanding fine views of the rivers and the adjoining country. The buildings, both public and private, are constructed with neatness and taste, and some in a style of supe- A elegance. Conveyances for travellers from the city are frequent and comfortable ; both by land and water. railroad is in operation to Oldtown, 12 miles, and steamrior A s' beef and wool can be produced with greater facilitj^ duce can ; where surplus pro- market at less expense, or where the industrious agriculturalist can reap a more sur© When the present popureward. lation of this immense territory, find a extending from tide water to Madawaska, is compared with that of older settlements of a less fertile soil, of less navigable facilities, and in nearly as high a degree of latix tude, the mind is favorably sti'uck �— NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. with the flattering prospects of the valley of the Penobscot, and with pleasing anticipations of the prosSee Register. perity of its city. Baring, Me. izens of other towns, similarly situated, and of all toicns, who may wish more full descriptions of their i-esources, &c. than we are able, at present, to give, are also requested to Washington co. This town is hounded N. by the St. Croix river, E. by Calais and Robinston, and W. by a large and beautiful pond which empties into the Croix. Incorporated, 1825. Population, 1837, 286. The railroad froni Calais, 4 miles, will soon be completed to this place. 209 miles N. E. by E. St. from Augusta. Barkliaiifipsteail, Ct. Litchfield CO. This town is watered by branches of Farmington river. The soil is more particularconsiderable ly adapted to grazing beef and the products of the dairy are sent to market. It is 26 miles N. W. from Hartford, and 20 N. N. Population, E. from Litchfield. First settled, 1746. 1830, 1,715. Incorporated, 1779. Granite, iron ore and limestone are found here. The hilly part of the town presents : some fine scenery. HitchcockviUe, north of the centre of the town, is a flourishing; manufacturina: vi!lag;e, with great water privileges. Barnard, Me. All the knowledge we can obtain in regard to this town is, that it lies in the county of Piscataquis, 108 miles from Augusta that in 1837, there were 132 people in the town, and that they raised 444 bushels of wheat, the same year;- that this town received ^264 of the surplus ; — — revenue; forward their communications. Barnard, Vt. Windsor W. Walker act of the legislature for quarrying slate, and that Stephen Palmer is, or was, Postmaster. Now, the good people of Barnard are hereby respectfully requested to give the editor their latitude and longitude, and other necessary infoiTnatiQii for future editions. Cit- First settled, 1774. Population, 1778. watered by Broad Brook which empties into White river in Sharon and by Locust Creek, which also empties inIt is ; to White river in Bethel. On this Creek, during the revolutionaiy war, there was erected a Fort, where the militia of this and other towns were stationed as a defence against Indian depredations they having surprised and carried to Canada a — number of its first settlers, in 1780. In the centre of this town is the village, and a beautiful pond, from which issues a stieam on which On this Creek is there are mills. an establishment for the manufacThis ture of starch from potatoes. stream joins its waters with the Creek one mile from the pond. The The surface of this town is hilly. soil is well adapted to grazing; and there are but few towns that turn otT yearly more cattle, butter and cheese, sheep and wool. The number of sheep is about 6,000. It lies 10 miles north of Woodstock, and 40 miles south of Monlpelier. It is stated as a singular fact, that the firing on Bunker Hill, on the 17th of June, 1775, was distinctly heard in this tov/n, 130 miles N. W. — that in 1837, Augustus and others, obtained an co. Incorporated, 1830, 1,881. from Charlestown. Barnet, Vt. Caledonia co. This town lies on Connecticut river, at the 15 mile falls, and opposite to Lyman, N. H. It has a good soil, and is an excellent farming town, with slate and iron ore. It lies 35 milos E. from Montpolier, 10 S. by E. from Danville, and 65 N. by E. from Windsor. Population, in 1830, 1,764. �— NE\7 ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Many of First settled, about 1763. the inhabitants are of Scotch descent. This town has a great waier power on Passuaipsic and Stevens' On rivers. the latter, are falls of 100 feet, in the distance of 10 rods. This vvater power is improved by three ilannel and other manufacto- There area number of pleas- ries. ant and fertile islands in the river between this place and Lyman, and some beautiful ponds in Barnet, which afford tish of various kinds. quite a romantic place, and lies at the head of navigation on In 183o, the Connecticut river. the product of the farms, carried to market, amounted to $26, 3S1. One farmer sold 3,000 lbs. of butter, and There are about 3,000 ibs. of pork. 4,000 sheep in the town. This is Barustal>le County, Mass. Barnstable is the chief town. This county was incorporated, 1685. Population* 1820, 24 046—1330, 23525— and in 1837, 31,109; area, about 330 square miles. This county includes the whole of Cape Cod, extending E. and N. into tlie Atlantic ocean, and which Gosnold discovered in 1602. It is bounded N. W. by Plymouth county, and W. by Buzzard's bay. Cape Cod lies in the form of an arm, half open the elbow is at Chatham, 20 miles the hand, the E. of Barnstable wrist inclining inward, is at Race Point, 23 miles N. by V.'. of ChatThe whole length of the ham. Cape is 65 miles, and the average This count}" is breadth about 5. principally diluvium. Below the town of Barnstable the county is quite sandy, so much so that the people are generally dependant on Boston and other towns for a large proportion of their meats and breadThis deticit is amply comstuffs. pensated by the unrivalled privileges enjoyed, and well improved by them, in the cod, mackerel and other fisheries. This county has but little wood, but it is well stored ; ; with peat. About two millions of dollars are invested in the manufac- ture of salt. There were manufactured in this county in the year ending April 1, 1837, 669,064 bushels of^salt, valued at .$219,870. The manufactures of cotton and woollen goods, boots, shoes, iron castings, glass, cabinet and tin wares, cordage, &c., amounted to $496,602. There are in this county 370 vessels employed in the whale, cod and mackerel iisher5\ The tonnage, 24,373 tons. The value of the fishery, in one year previous to April, Tonnage of 1837, was $557,737. the District,' 1836, 30,278 tons. "The annual amount of tonnage of vessels built is about 1,000 tons; value, Total annual value of $63,318. the fisheries and manufactures, $1,The number of sheep in 337,527. the county in 1837, was 7,332. Barnstable county is noted for its fine sailors and men of superior nau- The tical talents. brated for their ladies are cele- fair and good housewifery ; complexions but are pe- culiarly subject to the vicissitudes pertaining to a maritime situation. By a statement recently made, it appears that there were in this county nearly a thousand widows living, who had lost their husbands by the dangers of the sea. In two towns, (Harwich and Wellfleet,) there were 223 widows who had This lost their companions. county has 13 towns and 91 inhabitants to a square mile. thus ; Barnstable, Mass. This the chief tow^n of Barnand a port of entry. It is 65 miles from Boston. Sandy JVeck, on the N. side, forms a good harbor for vessels of 8 feet of water. Hyannis, on the S. side, 6 miles S. E. of Barnstable C. H., is now a is stable county, good harbor but by an expensive Breakioater, constructing at that place by the U. S. government, it will soon become perfectly safe fix)m all winds, for all classes of ; �— NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. vessels navigating the Sound, and passing round the Cape. The " Pilgrim Fathers" landed here, Nov. 11, 1620, and borrowed some corn The of the Mattacheeset Indians. celebrated patriot, James Otis, was born here, Feb. 5, 1725. He died at Andover, May 23, 178.3. The manufacture of salt was commenced here as early as 1779. It then sold There were made for ,$6 a bushel. 27,125 bushels of salt in this town Between 50 and 60 sail of in 1837. fishing and coasting vessels belong This town has nuto this place. merous ponds, a considerable water power, some fine upland, and wooden ware, amounted in one year to $56,562. Pop. 1837, 4,017. 'N. H. Belknap co. This town lies 26 miles W. by N. from Dover, 36 N. W. from Portsmouth, and 20 N. E. from Concord. Incorporated, 1767. Population, 1830, 2,047. Barnstead is not mountainous, but has large swells of land, good for grazing. About 2,500 sheep are kept here. The soil is easy and productive. There are several ponds in this town the largest are the two Suncook ponds, which lie near each other, Brindle pond, and Half-moon pond, on Alton line. These waters are stocked with fish, and are discharged into the Suncook. Barnstead was granted May 20, 1727, to the Rev. Joseph Adams and others. Settlements commenced in 1767. — Barre, Vt. A branches of Onion river, which afford Inexhaustigood mill privileges. ble quantities of granite are found here, of the excellent quality with which the capitol at Montpelier is built. This is a great thoroughfare for travellers, particularly for large teams from the north to Boston, by the Gulf road. A large number of these noted six and eight horse teams are owned here. Barre was first settled in 1788. Present population, about 2,500. Barre, Mass. and ex- The manutensive salt marshes. facture of vessels, salt, boots, shoes, hats, leather, cabinet ware, chairs, Barzistead, 7,000 sheep are kept here. It is well watered by Stevens' and Jail, pleasant and flourishing town in Washington county, six miles S. of Montpelier, and 48 N. by W. This is considered of Windsor. one of the best farming towns in the state. Large quantities of pot and pearl ashes, beef, pork, butter and cheese, are annually taken from this place to Boston market. About Worcester This excellent agis on high land, and is well watered, particularly by Ware river, on which are many mills. The manufactures of Barre for the year ending April 1, 1837, amounted to about '$365,000. The articles manufactured were woollen and cotton goods, ($161,600) copper CO. ricultural township pumps, boots, shoes, carriages, leather, paim-leaf hats, ($167,200) straw bonnets, axes, scythes, and gunpowder. Large quantities of beef, butter, cheese, &c., are an- nually sent from this town to Boston market. It was incorporated in 1774. Population, 1837, 2,713. It lies 65 miles W. by S. from Boston, 24 N. by W. from Worcester, and 15 N. E. from Ware. Barre took its name in honor of Col. Barre, an eloquent friend of America in the British Parliament. Earriiigton, N. H. It lies 20 miles N. from Portsmouth, 10 W. from Dover, and 30 E. from Concord. The surface of Barringlon is somewhat broken and rocky, the soil be- Strafford co. W. ing principally a gravelly loam. The town is abundantly supplied with ponds, of which there are no less than thirteen of considerable magnitude, from whence issue streams affording excellent mill seats. At one of these mill seats. �— NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. on the perpen- I«in2;lass river, is a of 30 feet. There is, about two miles from the centre of the town, a remarkable cavern, or fissure in a rock, commonly called the DeviVs den. The entrance is on the side of a hill, and is sufficiently large to admit a person in a stooping posture. Having entered 5 feet in a horizontal direction, there is a descent of 4 or 5 feet, on an angle of 45'-', lai-ge enough only to admit the bodj- of a middling sizdicular fall ed man. After squeezing through passage, you enter a chamber 60 feet in length, from 10 to 15 in height, and from 3 to S in width. Communicating with this, are several other fissures of equal height, and from 10 to 15 in length. Barrington was incorporated May 10, 1722, and the settlement commenced in 1732. Population, 1830, this 1,895. BarriiigtoU; R. Bristol CO. cord, and 85 N. N. W. from mouth. lies Portsthe foot of the White Mountains, on the eastern side. Its soil is various, and, on the This Saco, in some parts, good. river meanders through the centre of the town. Bartlett was incorporated June 16, 1790. Population, 1830, 644. Bai'toii, Vt. by Barton and by an inlet of Warren river, over which is a bridge. er's river, The soil of the town is of a fertile, river, which rises in Glover, and empties into Memphremagog lake. Here are several ponds containing good fish. Barton is a thriving town, with a good hydraulic power, and about 3,000 sheep. It lies 9 miles S. E. from Irasburgh, and 40 N. E. from Montpelier. "Population, 1830, 729. Basin IIai-1>or, Vt. See Ferrishurgh. about 8 square miles, originally belonged to Massachusetts. It was attached to Rhode Island in 1746, and incorporated in 1771. It is bounded southerly by Narraganset bay, and is well watered by Palm- at Orleans co. This town derived its name from Gen. William Barton, of R. I., and was first settled in 1796. The town is well watered I. This small town, of It Baskaliegau River, Me. This i-iver rises in a large lake of the same name, in the county of Washington, near the line of New Brunswick it passes westerly 15 or 20 miles, and falls into the Matawamkeag, a tributary of the Penobscot. ; sandy loam, and quite productive. Batli, Me., Large quantities of sea-weed are collected on its shores. A large In the county of Lincoln, is situtract in Barrington, called " the ated on the west bank of Kennebec cove," now covered with water to river, 12 miles from the sea, 32 N. a considerable depth, is supposed to E. of Portland, and 31 S. from Auhave once been a forest, as timber gusta. It is bounded E. by Kenand fuel are obtained from its bot- nebec river, S. by Phipsburg, W. tom. Some salt is made in this by New Meadows river and Brunstown, and shell and other fish are wick, and N. by Merry meeting abundant. Barrington lies 8 miles E. S. E. from Providence, and about 7 miles N. by W. fiom Bristol. Population, 1830, 612. Bartlett, N. H., Coos 45 miles S. E. from Lancaster, 82 N. N. E. fi-om ConCO., is Population, in 1830, 3,773; and in 1837,4,523. Incorporated, 1780. An attempt was made by a missionary to settle this place, and preach to the fishermen, as early as 1670. But the Inperdians would not permit it. manent settlement was made in bav. in ^^1835, 4,200, A �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. The 1756. principal business of verhill, Mass. Population, 1830, commerce, trade and shipbuilding, for which it is admirably There belonged to well located. 1,627. ships 32''brigs, 51 schooners, and smaller vessels. Tonnaoe of the distiict of Bath, ineluding the waters of Kennebec Total river, in 1S37, 41,728 tons. number of vessels belonging to the district of Bath, in 1835, 37 ships, 94 brigs, 195 schooners, 10 sloops, and This river is about 45 miles in length. It rises in Dorset, and passing Manchester, Sunderland and Arlington, it receives Roaring Brook and other tributaries in Vermont; it then passes into the state of York, and falls into the Hudson, three miles below Fort Miller, and about 35 miles N. from Bath is this port in 1835, 26 1 steam-boat. Total, 337. The harbor of Bath is seldom obstructed Regular lines of steamby ice. boats ply between this place and Portland and Boston, about threefourths of the year. Batli, N. H., Battenltill River. New Albany, N. Y. Bays and Harbors. The bays and harbors in Camp River, N. H., formed of several branches rising on the south side of Sandwich The two and Albany mountains. principal branches unite in Ossipee, and fall into Ossipee lake on its western border. Bear Grafton co., on Connecticut river, is 32 miles N. of Dartmouth College, 82 N. W. of Concord, and 9 N. of Haverhill. Bath is pleasantly situated in the vale of the Connecticut, between the Green moun- on the W., and the White Mountains on the E., by which it is effectually shielded from high winds and long storms. The Amonoosuck Is tains river waters the S. E. part, affording many fine mill seats and water The Amonoosuck has privileges. a very convenient fall at the village, macalculated to accommodate chinery to any extent. Two mills for the manufacture of cassimere, and other machinery, are already erected. -At the principal village, (which is very pleasant,) there is a considerable bridge over the Amonoosuck, of 350 feet in length, built The soil on the hills is in 1807. generally a reddish loam, on a bed In the valof marl, or hard pan. leys, it is alluvial. About one-sixth part of the whole town is intervale land. in Bear River, Me., Rises in the highlands, near Umpasses Newry, and empties into the Androscoggin, opposite to Bethel, bagog lake, Beclcet, Mass., An elevated farming townsliip oh the Green mountain range, in Berkshire county. Westfield, Farmington and Housatonick rivers receive the waters of several ponds in It has some small manthis town. ufactures, and about 7,000 sheep. The town was agriculture of this place 5,550. sheep are kept here. The town was granted, 1761, and the first settlement was made in the : Ha- incoiporated in 1765, and lies 110 miles W. from Boston, 15 E. S. E. from Lenox, and 23 W. Population, from Northampton. 1837, 957. Beddingtoii, Me. Much improvement has been made 1765, by John Herriman from New England are generally mentioned under the places pertaining to them. Washington co. There are sev- ponds in this town, which are among the head waters of Pleasant and Narraguagus rivers. Incorpo- eral rated, 1833. Population, 1837, 169. �NL.V^ ENGLAND GAZETTEER. 35 miles N. W. from Machiand about 40 E. tVom Bangor, It lies as, Bedford, This ]V. H. town a pleasant in Hills3 miles N. S. b> E. from Concord. Merrimack and Piscataquoag are the only rivers in this town. The latter passes through its N. E. corner, where there is the pleasant and flourishing village of is borough county. It E. from Amherst, 20 is Piscataquoag. This town has considerable very productive intervale land. It has been noted for the cultivation of hops and for its fine domestic manufactures. On the W. line of Bedford, are a remarkable gulf and precipice, which are objects of curiosity. considerable brook passes over the precipice, and falls about 200 feet within the distance of 100 yards. Here are found several excavations in solid stone, which are sufficiently large to contain many persons. In mineralogy, this town aifords a great variety of specimens. Iron ore is found in different places, and in several vari- A eties. Sulphuretof iron, imbedded in common granite, and red oxide of iron, combined with alumine, are common. Black lead, pyritous cophornblende, epidote, talc, mic?i, black, yellow and green gneiss, crystallized quartz, &c. are found here. The first child born in town was Silas Barron, sonof Capt. .per, schorl, Population, 1837, 858. It lies 15 miles N. \V. from Boston, and 5 N. E. from Concord. Bedford is bounded N. by Concord river. It has some manufactures ; principally of boots and shoes. Belcliertoira, Mass., A beautiful town in Hampshire county, originally called " Cold Spring," 75 miles W. from Eo.-,ton, 11 E. from Northampton, and 27 E. from Pittsfield. Population, 1837, 2,593. First settled, 1732. Incorporated, 1761. The soil of the town is of an excellent quality, and well improved. Large quantities of wool are grown in this town. It is separated from Ware by Swift river, on the N. The principal manufacture is that of pleasure wagons, of which about 600 are annually made. Mr. A, Shumway, of this place, has driven the sta^re be. • tween Belchertown and Northampton 25 successive years. In that period he made 15,000 trips, travelled 218,400 miles, and carried at least 124,000 passengers; yet, although his hours of travelling were early in the morning and late in the evening, he never broke a limb, overturned his coach, or met with any serious accident whatever, during his whole career. Belfast, Me., town of Waldo counMoses Barron, in 1741. The town ty, and a portof entr}% and is beauwas incorporated. May 19, 1750. tifully situated on Belfast bay, on Bedford was the residence of many the W. side of Penobscot river. It Indians in former times. Near lies 40 miles E. from Augusta, SO Goffe's falls is a spot of ground, S. from Bangor, SO N. from Thomabout ten rods long and four wide, which is supposed to have been an Indian burial place. Population, 1S30, 1,554. Bedford, Mass. This is a pleasant town in Middlesex county, and the source of Shawsheen river. This town was formerly parts of Concord and Billerica, and was incorporated in 1729. Is the chief aston, and, across Belfast bay, 12 from Castine. The town was W. in- corporated in 1773, but not permanently settled until about the year 17S5. There is considerable good land in Belfast. In 1837 it produced 3,492 bushels of as good wheat as ever grew on the prairies the "boundless West." The Paasaggassawakeag river passes near the centre of the town, and of �— NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. much to The the appearance of the harbor is very good it is guarded hy Long and Sears' islands, and has anchorage for a adds place. great numberof vessels of the The proximity of est class. larg- Bel- fast to the sea, its site in relation to Penobscot river, and its excellent which was never known to have been obstructed by ice, but twice, (1780—1815,) give it peculiar advantages for foreign commerce, the coasting trade, and the harbor, fisheries. Considerable ship building is carj'ied on at this place. The tonnage of the district of Belfast in 1837, was 29,342 tons. The principal exports are lumber and fish. Population, 1810,1,259; 1820, 2,026; 1830, 3,077, and in 1837, about Belfast, although irregular4,000. ly built, is a pleasant town, and is an important winter mart of the trade of Penobscot river. Belgrade, Me. Kennebec co. In this town are of three large and beautiful ponds or lakes, well stored with tish. They are connected v^'ith each other, and find an outlet at Waterville. The scenery on the borders of these waters is truly delightful. It produced in 1837, 6,340 bushels of wheat. Belgrade was incorporated in 1796. Population, 1837, 1,4S3. It lies 10 miles N. W. from Augusta, and 69 N. by E. from Portland. The village at Belgrade Mills, 6 miles from the centre of the town, and 16 miles from Augusta, is a very flourishing place. parts Bellaiiay A river, Bank, N. II. one branch of which is- sues from Chesley's pond, in Barrington, and the other fi-om low and marshy lands in the vicinity ; these unite in Madbury, and after meandering through the town, the waters fall into the Piscataqua, on the W. side of Dover Neck, where the stream is called Back river. Belliiigliam, Mass. Norfolk CO. The soil of this town light and sandy, and not very good for agricultural purposes. It is finely watered by Charles river, and has a good hydraulic power. Its manufactures, consisting of cotton and woollen goods, straw bonnets, boots and shoes, amounted, in one year, to $127,837. It Hes 18 miles S. W. fiom Dedham, 17 N. by W. from Providence, R. I., and 28 S. W. from Boston. Population, Incorporated, 1719. 1837, 1,159. Iron ore is found here. is Bellows' Falls. See TValpole, JV. H. Bclnioiit, Me. This tow^n is well watered by the Paasaggassawakeag, which rises there in a pond of that name, and empties at Belfast, about 6 miles N. It lies 34 miles E. by N. fi-om Augusta. In 1837, Belmont produced 3,435 bushels of wheat, and considerable wool. Waldo county. Belvidere, Vt. Lamoille co. A mountainous township on the west side of the Green ^fountains, 32 miles N. E. from Burlington, 32 N. from Montpelier, 27 E. by S. from St, Albans, and watered by branches of Lamoille i-iver. Incorporated, 1791. Population, 1830, 185. Eeiiaiiisgtoii Bennington Comity, Vt. Sim] the chief towns. Manchester are This is the oldest county in Vt., on the west side of the Gi'een Mountoins. It is bounded on the north by Rutland county, on the east by Windham county, on the south by Berkshire county, Mass., and on the west by the state of New York. It is 39 miles long and 20 wide. Area, 610 square Population, in 1820, 16,125 ; 1830, 17,468. Inhabitants to square mile, 28 The low lands are excelmiles. �! NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. lentjand produce good crops, but the largest portion of the county is mountainous, and fit only for grazMany streams rise in the ing. mountains and descend to the ocean, some by the Hudson and some by the Connecticut, affording a great hydrauhc power. Lead and iron ores of good quality are found in this county, and large quarries of beautiful white marble. The number of sheep in this county in 1837 was 69,823. Beuniiigtoii; Vt. One of the chief towns of Ben- nington county. It lies 120 miles S. W. by S. from Montpelier, 25 S. from Manchester, and 30 east from Troy, N. Y. Population, 1330, Present population, about 3,419. 4,200. First settled, ITGl. The town is situated high above the great rivers and the ocean, yet we find it of good alluvial soil, delightfully encircled by ever-green mountains. It abounds in iron ore, manganese, ochre and marble. The streams are numerous and afford excellent mill sites. The products of the soil consist mon to of New all the varieties com- England. Great at- the rearing of sheep about 7000 of those useful animals feed on the hills and valleys. There are in Bennington, 6 cotton and 3 woollen factories, a very extensive iron foundry, 2 furnaces, a tention is paid to : paper mill, flouring mills, &.c. The public schools justly sustain an elevated rank. Bennington is finely On the borlocated for the muses. der of this town, about 6 miles W. of the court house, the gallant Stark, with a small band of " Northern Yeomen," celebrated for their bravery, gained an important victory over the British, August 16, 1777. The fame of that battle is as imperishable as the mountains which overshadov/ the ground. Shame to the country there is not a stone to mark the spot : — Benson, .Vt. Rutland co. This town, on Lake Champlain, was first settled in 1783. Population, 1830, 1,493. It lies 75 miles S. W. from Montpelier, 20. W. N. W. from Rutland, and opposite to Putnam, N. Y. The lake at this place is The about a mile in width. town has some streams affording but none of great importance. The waters are generally brackish and unpleasant. stream issues from a swamp in this town, and after running a short distance, passes through the base of a high hill, a distance of more than half a Benson has good pine, mamile. ple, walnut, oak and beech timber, and a bog of marl resembling fuller's earth. There are about 14,000 mill sites, A sheep in this town. Bci-'kley, Pilass. Berkley lies 37 miles from Boston, 18 E. from Providence, and 5 S. from Taunton. Population, in 1837, 873. Taken from Dighton in 1735, from which it is Bristol CO. S. separated by Taunton river. Some coasting vessels belong to this place, and some ship building is carried on. Assonet village, on Taunton river, at Dighton and Berkley bridge, is the principal place of business. Berkshire County, Mass. Lenox is countv was the chief town. incorporated in This 1770. Population, 1820,35,666; 1830,37area, 860 825, and in 1837, 39,101 square miles. Bounded N. by Bennington county, Vt., V/. by Rensselaer and Columbia counties, N. Y., S. by Litchfield county, Ct., and E. by Franklin, Hampshire and Hampden counties. This county ; is rough and hilly but it in many affords considerable parts, very fine produces much wool, all sorts of grain, and exports great quantities of beef, pork, butter, &c. The number of sheep in this counBerkshire ty in 1837, was 136,962. land, and �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. is the most elevated county in the to 1829, was called Maynesborough. The Green and Taughkannic The state. Mountains cross it from N. to S.; the average height of which is about 1,200 feet above the level of the The Housatonick and Hooits chief rivers. The former empties into Long Island Sound; 29 the latter into the Hudson sea. Androscoggin and Amonoosuck rivers pass through it. It is about 20 miles E. from Lancaster, and 125 N. fiom Concord. Population, 1830, 73. sick are Berlini, "Vt. This is a pleasant town in Wash45 inhabitants to a square ington county, watered by Onion and " This county possesses, in Dog rivers, Stevens' branch, and a mile. rich and inexhaustible abundance, number of ponds, furnishing good three of the most important articles mill sites, and excellent fishing. of the commerce of the world, Iron, The land is somewhat broken, but, Marble and Lime, and its wood and of strong soil and good for tillage. water power are fully sufficient to Considerable manufactures are proenable it to fit them for the pur- duced in this town, and about 6,000 There is a mineral spring poses of life." The tonnage of this sheep. county to its marts of trade, princi- here of little note. First settled in Population, 1830, 1,664.— pally on the Hudson, amounted, in 1786. 1834, to no less than 34,075 tons. Berlin is bounded N. by MontpeAt the present time it probably ex- lier and E. by Barre. ceeds 40,000 tons. The enterprize Berlin, Mass. of a railroad from Boston to Albany Worcester co. T'aken from Bolwill soon be accomplished, and canPopulation, 1837, not fail of being exceedingly benefi- ton, in 1784. It lies 15 miles N. E. from cial, not only to this county, but to 724. Worcester, 31 W. by N. from Bosthe commonwealth at large. ton, and 7 S. E. from Lancaster. BerJtslili'e, Vt. branch of the Assabet affords Franklin co. Elihu M. Royce, this town good water privileges. son of Stephen Royce, was the first Large quantities of hops are prosome wool, and some child born in this town. That event duced here On Missisque baskets. occurred in 1793. and Trout rivers, which water this Berlin, Ct. town, is some fine intervale land. Hartford co. Taken from FarPike river, from Canada, atFords •Berkshire a great water power. mington, inl785. Population, 1830, This town lies 11 miles S. This town lies 50 miles N. W. from 3,047. Montpelier, 22 N. E. by E. from from Hartford, and 23 N. from New Haven. The surface of Berlin St. Albans, and 31 N. E. by N. from Burlington. Population, 1830, is hilly, but productive of grass, grain and fruits. There are in the About 3,000 sheep. 1,303. town about 2,000 sheep. The vilBerlin, Me. lages of Worthington and JVew Oxford CO. This town is bounded Britain are very pleasant, and the E. by Phillips, S. by Weld and W. manufactures of brass, tin and othby Byron. It lies 100 miles N. er wares, there pursued, are very from Portland, 45 N. W. from Au- extensive and flourishing. The first gusta, and about 40 N. from Paris. manufacture of tin ware in this Population, 1837, 470. Wheat crop, country was commenced at this same year, 2,175 bushels. place, in about the year 1770, by Berlin, N. H. Edvt^ard Patterson, a native of IreCoos CO. This town, from 1771 land. Mr. Patterson peddled his : towns ; A ; �V v NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. ware about the country, on foot, in baskets ; his successors in the manufacture did the same, until the uses and value of the article becoming known, and the demand increasing, horses and wagons were employed and thus this important manufacture of New England v/as transported to all parts of the country. ; Bei'iiardstoii, Franklin co. This Mass. a township is of superior land for agricultural purposes, considerably elevated, between Fall and Connecticut rivers. Bethany and Naugatuck sents some features. river, pre- wild and picturesque Bethel, Me. Oxford CO. Incorporated in 1796. Population, 1837, 1,864. Bethel lies 18 miles N. V*^. from Paris, 61 N. W. from Portland, and 63 W. from Augusta. This town is bounded N. and W. by Androscoggin river, and S. by Greenwood. This is a fine farming town, and produced 5,214 bushels of wheat in 1837. Betliel, Vt. It was formerly called Fall Toicn. Windsor CO. This town was first There was a fort here in 1746, when this part of the county was settled in 1780, and was the fir^t peopled mostly by Indians. It was town chartered by the governr i"i;L incorporated, by its present name, of Vermont. It lies 31 miles S. W. from Montpelier, and 30 N. Vv in 1764. It lies 96 miles W. by N. from Boston, and 7 N. from Green- from Windsor. Population, 1830, l- Population, 1S37,S7S. Bald and West mountains afford delightful scenery the former is 630 feet above the waters of the Connectifield. : cut. Here — are springs containing magnesia, sulphur and iron. Bernardston produced, in one year, 16,000 bushels of corn and rye, and 5,000 barrels of cider. There are 3,022 sheep in this town, and some manufactures of shoes, leather,palmleaf hats, and scythe snaiths. Berwicic, Me. York This town porated, 1713. Population, 1837, Betliaiiy, Ct. co. Woodbridge, in 1832. miles N. by ^^\ from the largest. lies 1,799. New Haven : is on the E. side of Salmon river, about 14 miles S. S. W. from Alfred, 45 S. W. from Portland, and 9S S. W. from Augusta. Berwick has considerable trade in lumber. IncorCO. 1,240. Bethel is watered by branches of White river, and possesses good mill sites. Soap stone is found here in groat quantities and of good quality much of it is sawed and transported. Garnet in small, but perfect crystals, is also comm^on. The surface of Bethel is broken and mountainous, but the soil is warm and good for grazing. It has about 8,000 sheep. Considerable business is done at both villages. East and West ; the latter Taken from It lies New 10 Hatown ven. Some portion of this is good land and well cultivated, but a large part of it is mountainous, and fit only for the growth of wood. Beacon mountain, between Betliel, Ct. Fairfield co. This is a pleasant and flourishing village, in the town of Danbury, and about 3 miles N. W. from the centre of that town. There are about fifty dwelling houses in the village, and about thirty work shops or factories. The manufacture of hats and combs is the principal business of the place, and large quantities of both are annually transported to Boston, York and other places. New Betlileliem, N. H., Grafton co., is bounded N. by Whitefield and Dalton, E. by Car- �— NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. by Fran- the " Flower of Essex," a compaN. W. by- ny of young iiien from this county, It is watered by Great and who were, with their leader, Littleton. Amonoosuck river. The soil pro- almost wholly cut off" by the Inroll and ungrauted land, S. conia and Lisbon, and duces good crops of grass and grain. dians, at Bloody Brook, in 1675. There is plenty of pine timber and Biddeford, Me. sugar maple. Iron ore, both of the mountain and bog kind, has been ocYork CO. On the S. side of Saco casionally found. Two mineral river, and connected with the town springs have been discovered. of Saco by a bridge. The town Bethlehem was settled in 17.90. extends down the river to the sea, It was incorporated Dec. 27, 1799. and includes a point of land called " Fletcher's Neck," off" which are Population, 1830, 665. several small islands; on one of Hetlileliem, Ct. which. Wood Island, is a revolving Litchfield co. This town is 38 light. This is a good township for miles W. S. W. from Hartford, 32 agricultural pursuits, the coasting N. W. by W. from New Haven, trade, ship building, and the fishand 8 S. from Litchfield. It was ery. It lies 38 miles N. E. from taken from Woodbury in 1787. It York, 15 S. W. from Portland, and is hilly, with a gravelly loam, and 69 S. W. from Augusta. First Incorfit for grazing and the growth of permanently settled, 1630. rye. Popu- porated, 1718. It lias 2,000 sheep. Population, 1837, lation, 1830, 906. The town is wa- 2,278. See Saco. tered by Pomperaug river, a branch Billerica, Mass. of the Housatonick. Middlesex co. This town is waBeverly, Mass. tered by the Concord and ShawEssex CO. This tov»rn lies N. of sheen rivers, and has a pleasant vilSalem, a-nd is united to it by abridge lage, on high ground, near the cenacross the North river, built in 1783, tre. Its soil is good and well imThe people proved. The Middlesex canal and 1,500 feet in length. of this town are noted for their en- the Boston and Lowell rail road pass terprise in commerce and the fish- through the easterly part of the eries. There are some merchant town. First settled, 1653. IncorPopulation, 1837, vessels belonging to this place, porated, 1655. about 50 sail of fishermen, and 20 1,498. Here are some manufactures coasters. The annual value of the of woolen cloth, boots, leather, fisheries at Beverly is about $100,- wooden ware, straw bonnets, shav000. The manufactures, consisting ing and splitting knives, bed bindBillerica of Britannia ware, tin and cabinet ing, soft soap, and spirits. wares, chairs, hats, boots, hair, mus- fies 18 miles N. W. from Boston, tard and bricks, amounted in one 7 S. S. E. from Lowell, and 7 N. E. year to about $120,000. The pros- by N. from Concord. perity of this town has not suffered the growth of luxury or excess of trade ; its fisheries and manufacturing concerns are steady and progressive. First settled, 1626. Incorporated, 1688. Population, 1830, 4,079—1837, 4,609. Among many distinguished men who have lived and died at Beverly, was Captain Bimgliaian, Thomas Lothrop, who commanded Me. On by the Somerset co. bank of Kennebec river, eastern opposite Concord, 26 miles N. from Norridgewock, 118 N. N. E. from Portland, and 55 N. from Augusta. In- to corporated, 1812. Population, 1837, 701. In 1837, 2,548 bushels of wheat was raised in this town. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Black Rivers. Blaiidford, Mass. Hampden co. Branches of WestBlack river, in Windsor county, Vt. is 35 miles in length. field river rise in this town and give It rises Blandford in Plymouth, passes Ludlow, Cav- it a good water power. endish and Weathersfield, and falls was incorporated in 1741. It was into the Connecticut at Springfield. originally settled by a company from This river passes through many nat- the north of Ireland. It lies 114 ural ponds, and affords a great num- miles W. by S. from Boston, and 15 W, by N. from Springfield. Popuber of mill seats. Black river, in Orleans county, lation, 1837, 1,443. The manufacVt. is about 30 miles in length. It tures of the place consist of woolen Annual rises in some ponds in Craftsbury, cloth, paper and leather. and passing through Albany, Iras- amount, $50,500. The agricultuburg, and Coventry, it falls into ral products sent to market in 1836, amounted to ^22,340. There were Memphremagog lake at Salem. Black river, in Somei'set county. in the town 1,535 cows and 1,822 Me. is one of the head branches of merino sheep. the Walloostook. Block Islaud, R. I. Blackstoiie River, Mass. The most river rises Bloody Brook, Mass. between Paxton and Hol- den. It passes Worcester, and tlie ponds in Shrewsbury pay it the tribute of their waters. After passing Auburn, Grafton, Millbury, Sutton, Northbrido;e. Uxbrid2;e and Mendon, it passes into the state of Rhode Island, where it changes its name to Pawtucket, and meets the tide See JVew Slioreham. inland branch of this waters in Providence river. See Deerfield. BloomHeld, Me. Somerset fine BlacltAvater River, Blackwater from river, Bf. N. H. H. This town was in- township of land, and produced in 1837 5,080 bushels of wheat. so called dark appearance, is formed by two small streams, one of which rises in Danburj^ and the other issues from Pleasant pond, in New London. These branches unite soon after crossing the W. line of Andover, and form the Blackwater, which passes through the S. W. part of that town from thence through the W. part of the towns of Salisbury and Boscawen into Hopkinton, where it empties into Contoocook co. corporated in 1814, and lies on Kennebec river, 33 miles N. from Augusta and 7 below Norridgewock, opposite to Skowhegan. Population, 1837, 1,053. Bloomfield is a Blooniiield, Vt. its Essex W. CO. Bloomfield lies on the side of Connecticut river, and is watered by branches of the Nulhegan. Population, 1830, 150. It is about 20 miles N. from Guildhall, and 60 N. E. from Montpelier. also BloomHeld, Ct. ; river, Blaucliard, Me. This was formerly Windsor, called Wintonbury. It derived its name from the circumstance of the parish being formed from Windsor, Farmington and Simsbury the name Win-tonbury being a part of the name of each of those towns. It was incorHartford co. a parish in ; Piscataquis CO. This town lies 116 miles from Augusta. In 1837, 795 bushels of wheat was raised here. Population, same year, 261. See Barnard, Me. 4* porated into a town in 1835. The inhabitants enjoy a fine soil, and cultivate it with great industry, pro- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. ducing large crops of grass and grain, with an abundance of choice tween Concord and Nashua rivers. Here are good limestone, and small about six miles N. Population, about manufactures of boots, shoes, leather and combs. fruit. It lies from Hartford. 1,400. Bolton, Ct. Eliie Hill Hancock and Bay, Me. co. The town lies at the head of a large bay, of the same name, 12 miles E. from Castine, and 78 E. from Augusta. There are several large ponds in Blue Hill, and a hill of 960 feet in height, from which delightful marine scenery is presented. Incorporated 1789. Population, 1837, 1,808. The bay has Long and other islands inside and outside, Burntcoat, and a group of smaller islands. Blue Hill bay is ; connected with Penobscot bay and river by a passage between the islands and main land, of about 12 miles. It lies about 16 miles W. from Frenchman's bay. Blme Hills. Tolland co. This town lies 14 miles E. from Hartford, and 10 milep S, by W. from Tolland. Popula- The soil is a coarse, hard, gravelly loam, fit only for grazing. It is within the granite region of the eastern section of the tion, 1830, 744. The Bolton state. Stone Quarry is " Tlie stone is a spequite noted. cies of slate, of a brilliant light gray color, composed of mica and quartz, and is excellent for flagging and other purposes. It is extensively used in the principal cities of the United States. For strength it exceeds any other known in this country, and the demand for it is rapidly increasing." The supply is inexhaustible. Boon Island, Me., The first range of mountains on the eastern coast of Hampshire and Maine ; and the elevated lands in Milton, Mass. are thus denominated, in consequence of their blue or cloud-like appearance, at a distance, on the ocean. ledge of rocks, with a lighthouse thereon ; about 9 miles E. from Kittery. Near this island the steamboat New England, on her passage from Boston to Gardiner, Boar's Head, W. M. contact with a loaded coaster, on the night of the 28st of May, 1838, by New See Hampton. Bolton, Vt. Chittenden co. Population, 1830, 452, 17 miles S. E. from Burlington, and 17 N. W. from Montpelier. Incorporated, 1763. Bolton lies on the western side of the Green Mountains. Onion river passes through the town, on the banks of which most of the inhabitants reside. Bolton, Mass. A good farming town in the county of Worcester, 31 miles W. by N, from Boston, and 15 N. N. E. from Worcester. Incorporated, 1738. Population, 1837, 1 ,185. It lies be- A met 'a fatal disaster, by coming which many valuable lives in were jeopardized. EootliTSjay, Me. co. This town is boundby the mouth of Sheepscot river, N. by Edgecomb, E. by Damariscotta river, and S. by the ocean. It is nearly surrounded by Lincoln ed W . water, and is noted for its excellent harbor. Its maritime situation renders it a place of considerable business in the coasting trade and fisheries. This town lies 39 miles S. S. E. from Augusta, 12 E. N. E. from ¥/iscasset, 60 E. N. E. from Portland, and about 40 miles S. W. by W. from Owl's Head, by water. Boothbay is a fine watering place. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. and many visit it, in summer months, for health or pleasure. Here may be found all the enjoyments of sea fishing and fowlair and bathing ing; ocean and island scenery; for which JVahant, in Massachusetts bay, is justly celebrated. Incorpo; rated, 1764. Population, 1837, 2,5(32. BoscaAveu, N. M. Merrimack co. Boscawen is sit- uated between Concord and Salisbury, on the W. side of Merrimack river. Bo'cawen is 3 miles N. W. from Concord. Besides the J^.Ierrimack, the west part of this town is watered by Blackwater river, running nearly parallel with the former, through the whole extent of the town, and about five miles distant from it. It is not a large stream, but very important, both on account the fertile fields of champaign borders, and the numerous water privileges it affords. There are tw^o ponds of some note. Great pond, near the centre of the town, Long pond, in the west part, and mill seats at the outlet of each. Boscawen is of a deep, productive soil, affording many excellent farms delightfully situated. The surface, when view- of on its ed from its highest parts, appears uncommonl}'^ level. From the numerous streams of living water, and from the peculiar direction of the swells of the hills, this town probably derives that pure air and uniform temperature which are so conducive to health. The principal village is in the east section of the town. It is situated on a spacious street nearly two miles in length, very straight and level. Here the eye of the traveller is attracted and delighted by the fertile intervales and windings of the river Merrimack. There is another village on a pleasant eminence near the west meeting house. Boscawen was granted by Massachusetts in 1733. The proprietors gave to it the name of Contoocook, after the Indian name of the river. It received its present name when it was incorporated, April 22, 1760, from Edward Boscawen, a celebrated English admiral then on the American station. The first settlement commenced early in the season of 1734. Abigail Danforth was the first child born in the town. The Indians made frequent predatory incursions on the inhabitants. See Duston's Island. Among the deceased citizens of this place entitled to respectful notice, are, Geoi'ge Jackman, Esq., the first town clerk, who continued in office 36 years. He was appointed a justice of the peace under Geo. II. and continued in that office during air successive changes down to ISIS. Rev. Samuel Wood, D. D., for more than half a century the minister of Boscawen, was distinguished for his learning and piety. Hon. Ezekiel Webster, a native of Salisbury, resided here many years. He was an eminent barrister at law, of extraordinary talents, and great private worth. He died in the court house, at Concord, April 10, 1829, aged 49, beloved and lamented by character. all who knew his Population, 1830, 2,093. �— NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. County of dom, The Suffolk. sachusetts, and of New ancient city of Bostgiv, the capital of Mas- England, and the birth place of Aiaerican Free- Old Boston, South Boston, naturally divided into three sections is and East Boston, situated western extremity of Massachusetts The peninsula on which Old Boston is built, extends from Roxbu- Bay. ry, on the south, to at the Winnesimet Ferry, on the north, and rounded by the waters of Boston harbor on the on the north and west. Its breadth about one mile. length is east, is nearly sur- and Charles river nearly three miles, and its average contained about 700 acres, but It originally its been greatly extended, by filling up around its borders. Its quite uneven. It has numerous eminences, rising from 50 to territory has surface is 110 feet above the sea, affording admirable to it a peculiarly romantic appearance. sites for building, It is in north Lat. W. and giving 42^^ 21' 23" Me. N. H. 160 S. E. by S, from Montpelier, Vt. 158 E. (19' S.) from Albany, N. Y. 40 N. N. E. from Providence, R. I. 97 E. N. E. from Hartford, Ct. 207 N. E. by E. from New York, and 432 miles N. E. by E. from Washington. Its Indian name was Shawmut. It was called by the first settlers Tramount, Tremont, or Triand west Lon. 71° 63 S. S. 4' 9". It lies 163 miles S. S. E. from Concord, from Augusta, ; ; ; mountain, from three hills nearly in its centre. It took its present name on the 7th of Sept., 1630, in honor of the Rev. John Cotton, second minister of the first church, who came from Boston, in England. The original proprietor of this territory was John Blackstone, who, soon after its settlement by Winthrop and others, removed to Rhode Island. was incorporated as a city, Boston February 23, 1S22. South. Boston. This part of Boston was set off from Dorcheste'r, by legislative enactment, March the 6th, 1804. It is bounded south by Dorchester Bay, and spreads about two miles on the south side of the harbor, above the forts. It contains squares. The about 600 acres, and is laid out into surface of this part of Boston is reguJar streets and exceedingly picturesque. In about the centre of this tract, and about two miles from the City Hall, the memorable " Dorchester Heights" rear their heads 130 feet above the sea, from which is presented a splendid view of Boston, its harbor, and the surrounding country. It is bridges. This part of Boston wealth. The Washington House, near the "Heights," is is connected with Old Boston by two rapidly increasing in population and now the Asylum for the a noble building, and a delightful residence. blind, �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. East Boston. This section of the city, until recently, had been called A'^oddle's IslIt lies about 660 yards N. E. from Old Boston, and about the same and. distance from Charlestown. It is divided from Chelsea by Chelsea Creek, which 600 feet wide, over which is road to the Salem turnpike. The Eastern rail-road, East Boston. The island commences ryport, &c., at a bridge, and from acres of land, and a large body of ny of enterprizing 1833, and the A ing is first is between established each side every A and Charlestown. a compa- ferry The is this place and Old Boston, in cross- about being established between surface of the island is pleasingly va- dwelling houses and gardens for manufactories of vari- particularly for ship building, and ; all those branches of This place is The Maverick Hotel commpdious site. is me- See Appendix. chanics connected with navigation. who owned was purchased by well located moderate prices. ous kinds Newbu- contains about 660 The time occupied five minutes. riegated, and affords delightful sites for at an excellent They were incorporated in March, house was commenced in October of the same year. about three minutes. this island is Salem, gentlemen in 1832. steam-boat ferry starting from It flats. to a large and splendid building, occupying a This house is named in honor of Samuel Maverick, the island and resided there in 1630, and who is said to have — made " some figure in the history of after times a man of very loving and courteous behavior, and very ready to entertain strangers." Boston Harbor, Extends across Light House Channel and Broad Sound, from Point Alderton on Nantasket, to Point Shirley in Chelsea, a distance, between the islands, of about 4 miles. est navy. It is safe, The most important and of ample capacity part of this harbor is for the larg- entered by a narrow between two and three miles below the city and Navy Yard; and is well protected by two powerful forts Independence and Warren. The outer harbor, below these forts, will shortly be protected by a very powerful fortress now erecting on George's Island, at a great expense, by the pass, — government of the United of great beaut)', and is States. Boston harbor contains many islands the reservoir of the Mystic, Charles, JVeponset, Manatiquot and other rivers. Its borders are environed by the towns Hingham, Weymouth, Braintree, Quincy, Dorchester, Roxbuand the numerous ry, Brookline, Cambridge, Charlestown, and Chelsea of Hull, ; small bays, coves and inlets, indenting their shores, give great variety, much to the scenery of this delightful harbor. Owing to the almost insular situation of Boston, and and add its population appears small. But it must be its limited extent, couvsidered that the neigh- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. borini? towns of Quincy, Dorchester, Milton, Roxbury, Biookline, BrighCambridge, Charlestown, Medford, Maiden, and Chel- ton, Watcrtovvn, sea, although not included in the city charter, are and are as city, turing, literary, much and associated with social it in all component parts of the commercial, manufac- relations and feelings, as New and Harlem are with the city of hattanville, its Greenwich, Man- York; or Southwark and the Northern Liberties with Philadelphia. The population of Boston in 1700, was 7,000—1722, 10,567—1765, 15,520—1790, 18,033—1800, 24,937—1810, 33,250-1320,43,298-1830, 61,391—1837, 80,325, and in 1840, 93,470. Avenues. The many peninsular situation of Boston requires and from the surrounding country. Boston and Roxbury, one mile and 117 feet in sage to it by land.. On was incorporated, March breadth, bridge by to Charlestown, was opened 9, 1735. avenues This bridge is Charles Rwer for travel. It 1,503 feet in length, 42 and cost $50,000. its to Neck," between length, was the only pas- the 17th June, of that year, the Bridge, leading from Boston in artificial Until 1736, the " Net revenue in 1834, $9,383. charter becomes state property in 1856. This West Boston Bridge, leading to Cambridge, was opened on the 23d November, 1793. It was incorporated March 9, 1792. Length of the bridge, 2,758 feet— abutment and causeway, 3,432— total length, 6,190 feet. Cost, $76,667. Net revenue in 1834, $12,928. This bridge of become will state property in 1879. South Boston Bridge, leading from Boston Neck to South Boston, was March 6, 1804, and opened for travel in July, 1805. Length, 1,550 feet— width, 40. It cost the proprietors about incorporated city property $50,000. — free. It is now Canal Bridge, from Boston to Lechmere Point, in East Cambridge, was incorporated February 27, 1807, and opened for travel in August,' 1809. this to Net Length, 2,796 feet— width, 40. A lateral bridge extends from Prison Point, Charlestown. Length, 1,820— width 35 feet receipts in 1834, $3,173. 1879. This bridge will become state property in ^ ^ The Western Avenue, leading from Beacon in Brookline, was was incorporated June 14, 1814, street to SeivelVs Point, and commenced in ISls' opened for travel, July 2, 1821. This avenue is a substantial dam across Charles river bay, about a mile and a half in length, and from 60 to 100 feet in width. This dam encloses about 600 acres of flats over winch the tide formerly flowed from 7 to 10 feet. partition dam divides this enclosure, and forms, by the aid of flood and ebb gates, a full It A �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. and receiving basin; thereby producing, at all times, a great hydraulic power. The cross dam also forms an excellent avenue from the main dam The to Roxbury. by 4, receipts in 1834, $6,133. avenue claim a perpetual franchise. Boston Free Bridge, from Sea March Net Cost, about $700,000. proprietors of this 1826— completed, proprietors of lands in street to South Boston. Length, 1828. the vicinity. 500— width, Incorporated, 38 feet. Built City property. — Warren Bridge, leading to Charlestown. Length, 1,390 feet width, Incorporated March 12, 1823, and opened on the December follow44. The net receipts of this bridge in 1834, ing. It is now state property. were $16,427. All the above avenues are lighted with lamps, make when necessary, and a beautiful appearance. Public Buildings. Some of those of the most prominent character only can be mentioned. The City Hall, or " the Old State House," on State and Washington streets, now occupied by the city government, Post-Office, Reading-Room, &c., is 110 feet in length, 38 in breadth, and 3 stories high. ings on this spot have been destroyed by tire. the second in 1714, and the present in 1748. The first was Two build- built in 1659, Until the erection of the present State Flouse, this building had ever been used for governmental purposes, both colonial and state. Faneuil Hall, or the "Cradle of Liberty," in Dock Square, is three by 80, and was the gift of Peter Faneuil, Esq. to The building was enlarged in 1805, and until the the town, in 1742. new Market was built the lower part of it was used for meat stalls. It is stories high, 100 feet now improved for stores. The Hall patriots, warriors is 76 feet square, 28 feet high, and It is has deep galleries on three sides. adorned with superb paintings of and statesmen. The This building on an open square, on Eeacon-street, third story is improved for armo- ries. State House. is common. Its foundation is 110 feet above the level of the sea. It was commenced in 1795, and completed and occupied Cost, $133,333. Length, 173 feet— breadth, 61. On the area in 1798. of the lower hall stands the beautiful Statue of Washington, by Chantry. From the top of the dome on this building, 52 feet in diameter, and fronting the malls and 230 feet above the level of the harbor, the with all its crooked streets, its ""vhole city extended avenu'^s, its appears beneath, splendid buildings, and the malls and common, crossed Avith romantic walks, and shaded by centurian elms. sents its On numerous the north and west the county of Middlesex pre- villas, and a rich array of agricultural taste and beau- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. ty. Here field of granite are viewed the hallowed liiils Harvard, and the sacred the south the county of Norfolk appears, with On Bunker. halls of its and luxuriant vales, chequered with a thousand farm houses, On the east, the city, with its lofty splendid mansions. cottages, and harbor and the ocean, spires, the all conspire to render this the most en- chanting scene, west of the Bay of Naples. The Massachusetts Hospital at the western part of the feet in length, and on the banks of Charles river. Commenced 54 in breadth. This building 1821. city, on an open plot of ground of 4 acres, is of granite, and is is It is 16S 181S, completed in in a beautiful monument of taste and beneficence. Faneuil Hall Market. The corner of stone superb granite this building was laid on the 27ih of April, 1S25, and completed in 1827. ^150,000, exclusive of land. square, 536 feet, and ing, 74 77 feet fish ranged The 50 feet in width. is The to lov/er floor The upper and vegetable market. rises feet, exclusively appropriated as a is be divided into compartments Cost, Dock centre part of the build- by 55, projects two o-r three feet on the north and south, and from the ground, to a beautiful dome. The wings are 31 and two stories high. meat, extends east of Faneuil Hall, on It story is one vast ware-rooms and for hall, ar- lara-e sales. On the sides of this building are JVorth Market street, 65, and South Market street, 102 feet in width on each of which is a range of spacious ware-houses, with granite fronts. On the east, across Commercial street, is a commodious wharf, belonging to the city. The hall in the ; centre of the building L.L. D., the late is called indefatigable Quincy Hall, in honor of Josiah Quincy, mayor of the city, and now president of Harvard University. Tremont House. This superb hotel,. on Tremont and Beacon streets, was commenced on the 4Lh of July, 1828, and completed 16th of October, 182J).. Its granite front The wings on Ti-emont street are four stories high ; that on is 160 feet, and 3 stories high. Beacon and that on the south, fronting an open square, building contains 180 rooms. high. The dining hall street is is is 84 by 34 feet; 110 by 40 feet. This 70 by 31, and 14 feet Cost, $68,000, without the land. JVew Court House. The corner stone of this building, in Court square, between Court and School streets, for the accomm-odation of all the couits of law for the county, city, and the United States, offices of record, &c., was laid Sept. 28, 1833.- the Quincy quarry. 10 inches, and Its length is It is of cut, or hewn granite, from ;— width, 53 feet 175 feet 10 inches height 57 feet 3 inches. A portico of nearly the same model of the Doric portico at Athens, adorns its north and south fronts. There are four columns of fluted granite at each of these porticos, meas- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. uring 25 feet 4 inches in length, and 4 feet 5 inches in diameter. They The interior contains four court rooms, 50 feet by tons each. weigh 25 40, and large and commodious departments. offices for all the respective Houses of Industry, Correction, and Reformation. These houses are delightfully situated on a plot of ground of about 61 acres, situated at South Boston, on the margin of the harbor, and near the brow of Dorchester Heights. Trinity Church, in Summer Paul's Church and the Ma^ Washington Bank, in Washingerected by the Suffolk Bank, the street, St. sonic Temple, in Tremont street, the ton street, the granite building lately United States Bank, in State street, and the Steeple of Park street Church, are some of the best specimens of architecture in Boston. Schools aud Institutions. The civil New of first settlers England were exceedingly tenacious of their knew that knov;ledge was an preserve those rights, and transmit them to their and religious rights, and they well all-powerful engine to They posterity. which schools, of therefore very early laid the foundation of those /ree all the sons and daughters of New England are justly Exclusive of Infant and Sabbath school scholars, about a quar° proud. ter part of the population of Boston is kept brated for its schools, but for its institutions for moral, religious, throughout the school at year, at an annual expense of about $200,000. Boston is not only cele- munificent donations in support of and literary purposes. its Since the year 1800, not less than two millions of dollars have thus been appropriated by the citizens of Boston. NeAV England Institution for the Education of the BUnd. This Institution was incorporated in 1S29 until 1832, when Dr. Howe ; but, little was accomplished accompanied by a returned from Europe blind teacher; manifesting that zeal in the cause of the blind distinguished his philanthropic labors, in another sphere, He opened land. of those children a school with six blind was so great, young interested. By gift of a progress citizens, generally, became public and private donations, particularly by the influence of ladies in several parts of cent The and the value of an Institution of the kind so apparent, that legislatures and much scholars. which had in a distant New England, and by the munifi- splendid building in Pearl street, by the Hon. Thomas H. Perkins, the Institution has increased, both in reputation and funds, with unparalleled success. common The in other schools, literature. Music is scholars are instructed in the study of and enjoyed by the pupils. 5 all those branches and some of them in the higher branches of all. Mechanical labors are taught Musical instruments of all kinds, and other �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. A printing Implements are provided for their convenience and use. press is established, and several books have been printed in embossed It is exceedingly delightletters, which are superior to any in Europe. ful to see these interesting youth, whose lives once seemed a dreary waste, and to witness their improvement in acquiring useful knowledge, partaking of all those recreations, natural and proper for their age, sex, and condition, and Institution is fitting themselves managed by governments of all the a for useful stations in society. board of trustees, and is The patronized by the New England States. Eye and Ear Infirmary. This Institution was commenced in Boston, by Drs. Jeffries and Reynolds, in 1824, from a conviction of its utility and importance, derived from what they had seen and known of similar establishments in Europe. Those gentlemen conducted the establishment at their own expense for some time, during which large numbers received the most important benefits. In 1827, by the philanthropic exerlions of those, and other gentlemen, an act of incorporation was obtained, and some funds wer© raised. As early as 1828, 2,610 cases were treated at the Infirmary, of which about five-sixths were cured. Of these cases about one-sixth were for diseases of the ear. Since that time the number of applicants has increased annually; and this Institution, whose merits are not surpassed by any other in the city, has now a beautiful and commodious building in Bowdoin square for the reception of patients. Theatres. The Boston Theatre, on Federal and Franklin streets, was burnt, February 2, 1798 and re-opened on the 29th of October, the same year. ed February 3, 1794. It ; was first openwas re-built, it It is of brick, 152 now denominated *' The Odeon," and is consecrated to the worship of God. A huge w ooden building was erected on Tremont street, and opened as the " HayMarket Theatre," December 26, 1796. The citizens in its neighborfeet long, 61 wide, and 40 high. hood being fearful of its This building conflagration, caused its is demolition, by subscrip- and the block of elegant brick dwelling-houses, near, and north of Eoylston street, now occupy the spot. tion, The Tremont Tlieatre, on Tremont with a granite front 135 feet by 79. opened September 24, 1827. The streets, ing was It street, is a very neat building, was commenced J^Tational Theatre, at the junction of Portland near the Warren bridge, was constructed in 1831. first in July, and Cost, about $120,000. used for equestrian performances. and Traverse This build- �NEW EXGLAND GAZETTEER. Boston Common. This is considered one of the most delightful promenades in the world. It comprises about 75 acres of land, of variegated surface, beautifully shaded by trees of various kinds, particularly in which surround dred years ago. Some of The malls it. those trees t?i8 malls, or walks were planted more than a hun- are wide, beveled, graveled, and the waters of Charles river, and the romantic scenery beyond prospect. which The whole by common the city, that it are in enclosed by an iron fence, on the outside of is The are wide streets and beautiful buildings. the malls and smooth; it, is about a mile. can never be appropriated to around distance This plot of ground is any other than so held its pres- ent healthful and pleasing purposes. The foundation of a large laid in 1837, by and splendid Botanic GardejV was the subscription of funds for that purpose. It is located on the city lands, on the west side of the Common. This will be a great ornament to the city, and an honor to the taste and judgment of its projectors. Finances. The public debt of the city of Boston on the 1st of $1,497,200. The 1836, to 30th April, May, 1837, was receipts, during the financial year, from the 30th of April, 1837, was $926,350— the expenditures, Besides the public property in public buildings, city and other $904,065. wharves, &c. &c., both improved for city purposes, and rented, the city has about 7,000,000 square feet of land on the Neck, exclusive of streets, public squares, and malls, and a very large property in other lands in various parts of the city, which are rapidly increasing in value. amount of this property cannot be stated, but it is ceed the city debt, exclusive of that part which known is The greatly to ex- wanted for the uses of the city. Commerce. The citizens of Boston mercial enterprise. have ever sustained a high rank for their com- After whitening every sea with their canvass, and extending their commerce with all nations of the globe, they are now westward and northward, and constructing new and artificial channels, to enable them not only to compete with other Atlantic cities for the already immense commerce of the western world, but to intercept it on its passage down the St. Lawrence. The number of vessels entered at this port the year ending September 30, 1837, was 1,544— tonnage, 242,277 tons— crews, 11,503 :— cleared, 1,367, tonnage, 184,373 tons crews, 9,177. The registered, enrolled and licensed tonnage of this port, the same year, was 201,005 tons. A large amount of tonnage, owned at Boston, is registered at southern ports. looking — �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Commercial Accommodations. There probably no place in the world better accommodated for commercial operations than Boston. The whole length of the harbor on the east and north is lined with about 200 docks and wharves. few of them only can be noticed, is A India Wharf, at the foot of Fort Hill, was constructed in 1805. It extends into the harbor 980 feet, and is 246 to 2S0 feet in width. In the centre is a range of 39 stores, 22 by 80, and 4 stories in height. Central Wliarf, between India and Long wharves, was built in 1816. .54 ware-houses, 23 by 50, 4 stories high. It is 1,379 feet in length, and 150 in width. Over a spacious hall in the centre of this range of stores, is one of the best observatories in the United States. In the centre are North of this is Long Wharf, at the foot of State street, commenced in 1710. This wharf extends into the harbor 1,800 feet, is 200 feet in width, and has 76 spacious ware-houses. About (he centre of th s wh-.rf IS a well of fresh water, 90 feet in depth. Passing the City wharf on the north, we come to Commercial Wliarf 1,100 feet in length, and 160 in width. On the centre of this wharf is a range of 34 granite ware-houses, 25 by 60 feet, and are unequalleJ by any thing of the kind in the United States for convenience or grandeur Cost, $500,000. On the west, and in front of this tier of wharves, which run into the harbor nearly parallel to each other, are India and Commercial streets, having the east end of Faneuil Hall Market nearly in the centre. These streets are wide; they serve as wharves, and their west sides are covered with large and convenient stores. It is contemplated to extend India street, on the south, to the Free Bridge on Sea street; and Commercial street, on the north, to Winnesimet Ferry. (See Hale's Map of Boston.) The Marine Raihoays, city, afford great established in accommodations new and splendid Custom House Long and is 1820, at the north part of the to those now A engaged in navigation erecting on India street, between An Exchange, for the accommodation of City Hall, are contemplated. Central wharves. merchants, and a new Manufactures. Although Boston has never been considered a manufacturino- city yet, since the general peace in Europe, in 1515, and the passage of the* present tariff laws, in 1833, its manufacturing interests have considerably •' increased. The following are the manufactures of Boston for the year ending 1837, with the value of each, the number of hands employed! and the amount of capital invested, so far as can be ascertained. It may be proper to observe, that the following account is doubtless April 1, �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. accurate, as far it extends, but chusetts the whole amount it is known that in some towns in Massabeen stated by of their manufactures has not the assessors. I Value. ARTICLES. $102,641 228,000 Boots and Shoes, Leather, Hats, Iron Castings, Combs, Tin Ware, 194,673 372,000 7,500 48,000 148,100 41,000 112,032 Spirits, 926,8.56 Axes, Glass, Chairs and Cabinet Ware, Straw Bonnets, Vessels, (average for 5 years,) Axletrees, Beer, Soap and Candles, Whale Oil, Copper and Brass, Organs and Piano-fortes, Brushes, Gold and Silver Leaf, Carriages and Harnesses, Refined Sugar, Silver Ware and Jewelry, Chain Cables, Umbrellas, Saddles, Trunks and Whips, Granite, Marble, &c. Machinery, Blank Books and Stationary, Gas, Looking Glasses and Frames, Lasts, Neck Stocks, &c. Types and Stereotypes, Printed Books, Clothing, Hard Ware, Baskets, &c. Totals, Hands employed iMales-lFemales. 304 50 95 289 8 77 164 25 116 19 Capital Invested. 55 $60,000 68 665,000 2,000 47,000 16 121,000 438 182,450 124,400 10,000 12,000 93,000 135,000 756,754 302,700 93,000 43,000 318,805 976,454 228,100 60,000 65,000 177,000 336,000 326,000 78,000 100,000 147.500 40,000 122,000 157,000 925,000 1,887,666 40,000 93,000 200 220 79 22 298 92 88 20 37 120 400 287 43 40 42 29 $10,010,631 4,655 17 6 8 29 16 21 185 500 542 29 138 59 14 26 17 435 30 400 2402 6,000 30,000 125,000 100,000 316,300 163,500 38,000 11,200 82,200 303,653 111,050 75,000 36,500 83,000 165,500 183,775 49,000 375,000 55,600 18,000 58,200 140,000 850,000 769,094 18,000 38,000 • 3,967 Fisheries. The city of Boston is so limited, in regard to territory, as to be exclud- Much capied, in a great measure, from participating in the fisheries. ports, in this imis, however, invested, at the out tal of the Bostonians During portant branch of the resources of the wealth of New England. 5* �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. the year ending April 1, 1837, there were belonging to this city four vesengaged in the whale fishery, and 152 in the cod and mackerel fisheries, employing 1,919 hands. Total tonnage, 11,253 sels tons. ceeds, $824,898. Total pro- its bills of mortality, Capital employed, $748,200. Health. To judge of the health of a city we must compare for a series of years, with those of some other city. We have ever believed that the climate of Boston, and of New England generally, was as conductive to health as any portion of our country; but having heard it often asserted that the climate of Boston was more favorable to some diseases, particularly those of a pulmonary character, or what is commonly called consumption, than that of our sister city New York, we have examined with great care the authenticated bills each city of mortality of for five successive years, (1830— 1834, inclusive.) The population of Boston, in 1830, was 61,391— of New York, 202,589— a fraction less than 3 1-3 in New York to 1 in Boston. From 1820 to 1830, the average increase of the population of Boston was a fraction less thin 4 annum— that of New York a fraction less than 6 1-3 per cent, per annum. The aggregate number of deaths in Boston during per cent, per those five years, New m York Boston, was 7,340-New York, 35,087 :-a to 1 in fraction more than 4 2-3 in Boston. In that period, the aggregate by consumption, was 1,128— in New York to 1 in Boston. than 5 1-3 in New number of deaths York 6,124 :— more Fires. common with all large towns which are chiefly built suffered very much by fire. Fifty years ago the buildings Boston, in wood, has of in the town were principally of that material; but by efficient measures adopted by the citizens, particularly the law of 1803, prohibiting the construction of wooden buildings of a greater height than 10 feet, a large portion of the old buildings have been taken down, and their places with thousands of others on new sites, now present to that destructive element solid walls of brick and stone. few of the most memorable fires are here given. In October 1711, a fire broke out in Williams' Court and destroyed most of the buildings on both sides of Cornhill, now Washing. ton street, from School street to Market square. On the 20th of March 1760, 174 dwelling-houses, 175 warehouses, shops, &c. were burnt This fire was in the centre of the town, (Cornhill, A State and Congress and the amount of property consumed, was estimated at £100,000 sterling. April 24, 1787, a fire commenced in Beach street and extending south, destroyed about 60 dwelling-houses, 40 other buildings, and the church in Hollis street. July 30, 1794. Seven rope-walks between Pearl and Atkinson streets, and about 90 other streets to Fort Hill,) buildings in that �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Loss estimated at more than $200,000. On the 3d of November, 1818, the Boston Exchange Coffee-House, This building covered 12,fire. in Congress-square, was destroyed by high, and from the floor to the top of 753 feet of land. It was 7 stories apartments, and cost about half the dome was 83 feet. It contained 210 The conflagration occurred in the evening, and the dollars. neighborhood were destroyed. a million of was awfully sublime. sight almost a gale,) the 7th of July, 1824, at noon, (the wind blowing Charles and Chesnut 15 costly dwelling-houses were burnt, on Beacon, On streets. commenced on Doane street, April 7th, 1824, ware-houses, in that part of the city, with a great amount 53 large A very destructive fire when of merchandize, were destroyed. of buildings, containing about 35 lawyers' offices, and 20 1825. stores and shops, on Court street, were burnt, Nov. 10, inclusive, there were 226 fires^—the years, 1830—1834, A number During five was amount of property destroyed was $274,278 :— of which $140,943 In that year 71 fires The most destructive fires were in 1833. insured. occurred, $89,970 value of property was destroyed, of which $57,040 was insured. The present Fire Department was organized in 1826. It is always in to this dethe most perfect state of preparation for service. Attached By the most powerful are 24 engines, and 16,000 feet of hose. partment thrown over the of these engines, with 250 feet of hose, water can be grasshopper, on the cupola of Faneuil Hall, 84 feet above the pavement Water. The subject of pure water for all the various uses of life has ever been one of the first and most important considerations with settlers in all counfor comIt frequently happens that those places most suitable tries. ready acquirement of that indispensable element consequently the ingenuity and skill of man have devised and executed those stupendous aqueducts, and tanks or reservoirs, both in ancient and modern times, which have made some of the most desolate merce are the least favorable to the ; parts of the globe the greatest marts of trade and most splendid cities. Governor Winthrop and his associates located themselves at Charlestown, and would have continued there had not the waters of Shawmut been more agreable to their tastes. Their change of situation, on that account, is no compliment town influenced them ** to their chemical knowledge, are decidedly the best. ; for for the waters of Charles- Possibly " the magic of a name'* might have Shawmut, in the Indian language, is said to mean springs of living waters." The city council, in 1834, took the long neglected subject of introduc �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. ing soft and pure water in+o the city, into consideration. By analyses of the waters of Boston, one of the best wells in the city was found to contain 3.6 grains of the salts of sulphate of lime, muriate of soda and muriate of on the side of a above An The well is 30 feet deep, and is situate high Some wells were found to contain 7.5 grains of the pound of water. lime, to the hill. and many others a salts, much greater quantity of noxious matter. were 2,767 w.ells in which number 2,085 were drinkable, and 682 bad and that only 7 of the whole number were occasionally used for washing. The engineer also stated that " all the dug or Artesian wells of Boston, are in strata of different materials in very irregular position, so that whatever may be the success in making one well, no certain result can be predicaThe wells in ted upon another trial at a short distance from the tirst. town are polluted by the dirty water at the surface being absorbed, setor are adulterated by mixture tling and mingling with the veins below able engineer stated that in October 1834, there the city of ; ; ; with little streams of sea-water." The Boston Aqueduct commenced Corporation operations for convey- ing water into the city from Jamaica pond, in Roxbury, in 1795. distance from Boston to the pond logs laid in the city is is four miles, and the 72,000, or about 18 miles. The number The of feet of greatest quantity of water that can be supplied from this source is 50,000 gallons daily, and can be raised in the city is 49 feet above tide-water. the greatest height According to it the estimates of the quantity of water used in London and Philadelphia, about 28 gallons daily would be required for every person This includes in the city. that is all ing streets, the extinguishment of The purposes. is therefore about 2,500,000 ; dollars. in Natick, 16 miles with soft all other ; Spot pond in Stoneham, 8 Charlestown and Medford, 7 miles in ; or the waters of Charles river, taken at would almost inundate the misnamed at an expense of about a million of city, and pure water, by her incomparable water works, has added a name New York is following her noble example, Philadelphia, lustre to her bright ; by bringing the Croton expense of river, 45 miles, five millions of dollars main insensible its gallons, daily. Mystic pond Watertown, 7 miles from the Shawmut for stables, wash.- manufacturing, and quantity of water necessary for the present population miles from the city Long pond, commonly used fires, for ; to the centre of the city, at an and Boston cannot much longer re- of the value of pure water, to the health and comfort of people. Antiquities. Boston was described by Johnson in his " Wonder Working Provi- dence," about the year 1663, in the following words " Invironed it is with brinish floods, : saving one small Istmos, which �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. gives free access to the neighboring towns by land, on the south side, on northwest and northeast. the Two The form of this constant fairs are kept for daily town is like a heart, naturally sithaving two hills on the fi-ontier part there jt next uated for fortifications, the sea, the one well fortified on the superficies thereof, with store of tralique thereunto. great artillery well mounted. The other hath a very strong battery built of whole timber, and filled with earth ; at the descent of the extreme poyut thereof betwixt these two strong arms on which the chief part of jiill this town is built, hill, in the a cove or bay, overtopped with a third these like overtopping towers, keep a constant watch to see the all ; lies approach of foreign dangers, being furnished with a beacon and loud babbling guns to give notice by their redoubled echo The chief towns. edifice of this city-like town and large, some fairly set forth with brick all the sister crowded on the sea- ; the buildings beau- tile, stone and slate, and hanks, and wharfed out with great labour and cost tiful to is orderly placed with semely streets, whose continual enlargement pre- But now behold the admirable sageth some sumptuous city. Christ, at this his people's landing were such all ; up their young from the- eyes of where the streets are full of girls and that wolves and bears nurst beholders, in those very places boys, sporting up and down with continued concourse store of shipping is here yearly built, town here is acts of the hideous thickets in this place and some very of people. fair ones. the very mart of the land; Dutch, French, and Portugal Is Good This come to trafique." Present condition of Boston. Perhaps at no period since the settlement of Boston has its prosperity been so flattering as for the last seven years. It is true that Boston increased in population and wealth with great rapidity during the wars in Europe, from 1794 gent ; it to 1807. But that growth was unnatural and contindepended solely on the caprice of the belligerent powers, who viewed us rather The peace. as servants to their necessities, than present state of things We is altogether diiFerent. with respect. The world is at look for no besieged city to supply with bread, neither do we seek to run the gauntlet of a blockading squadron to furnish a starving country with the growth and produce of its own colonies. We now rely — on our own resources agriculture, manufactures, the fisheries, and commerce with all nations with whom we can exchange our commodities at fair prices. So long as we are blessed with union, good schools, good laws, and with all those moral, religious and charitable institutions, which make mankind wiser and better, our city, under Providence, will continue on in the forward path to prosperity and happiness. tend to The location of Boston always gave it the command of a greater coast- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. ing trade than any other port in the United States ; but the great arteries to an immense, wide-spread and rapidly increasing interior commerce were never opened until the rail-roads to the north, the west, the south, and the east were constructed and in operation. By thesQ devices of human wisdom, and by the continuance of the two former crossing the wa- — ters of our own Connecticut tre of a large and to the noble Hudson, and piercing the cen- great western Lawrence, Boston, with its enterprize and country, to the outlet of the fertile oceans on the banks of the St. wealth, located 160 miles nearer the British capital than not any fail New York, can- of sustaining a fair and successful competition for this trade with American city on the continent. Motto of the City. Sicut patj'ibus sit Deus nobis. As God was with our fathers, WITH Bow, Merrimack ar. co., H., now poi'tion originally compre- of the ter- Pembroke bounded N. E. by Merrimack river, which divides it from Pembroke, S. E. by Hooksett, S. W. by Dunbarton, N. W. by Concord and a part of Hopkinton. The soil is very uneven and ritory constituting and Concord. hard, but It is productive may he be US. Samuel Welch, was laid out nine miles square, hending a great so when well the oldest native died in Bow on the 5th of April, 1823, at the age of 113 years. He was born at Kingston, Sept. 1st, 1710, where he spent the early part of his life he lived subsequently a while at Pembroke ; but for 50 years preceding his death he resided at Bow, in an obscure corner, and steadily cultivated his little farm, till the frosts of a century had whitened his locks, and the chills of a huncitizen of New Hampshire, managed. There is but one pond of any size, called Turee pond. dred winters had benumbed his Turkey river empties into the Mer- frame. His life was marked by no rimack at Turkey falls, near the N. extraordinary vicissitude he was E. part of Bow. About a mile be- never in battle, or in any public low are Garven's falls, now passable service he was a man of industry — ; locks on Bow side. Bow canal is situated on the Merrimack, 3 miles below Concord ; the perpendicular measurement around which it is carried is 25 feet its length 1-3 of a mile. It passes through a ledge of granite, and is for the most part imperishable. Its cost was $13,860 ; and about $2,000 of its first income were appropriated towards clearing channels through Turkey falls, &c. Pop. 1830, 1,065. by — and temperance. Bowbacic Mountain. See Stratford, JV. H. BoTvdoin, Me. Lincoln co. This agricultural township is bounded on the S. E. by Bowdoinham, and S. by Tops- ham. It was incorporated in 1788, and lies 17 miles W. from Wiscasset, 37 N. N. E. from Portland, and �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. 20 W. from Augusta. S. S. Popu- lation, 1837, 2,173. BoAvdoiuliam, Me. A Lincoln co. pleasant town on the west side of Kennebec river, Here is and north of Topsham. considerable business in the lumber trade and ship building. Twenty miles S. by W. from Augusta, Population, and 12 N. from Bath. Incorporated, 1762. 1837, 2,218. on which are two pleasant and flourishing villages, Bozrahville and Fitchville, at both of which are manufactories for cotton. This town experienced a terrible hail storm on the 15th of July, 1799, by w^hich much property was lost and many cattle injured. The hail fell in immense quantities, someparticles of which measured six inches in circumference. Population, 1830, 1,073. Boxborougli, Mass. Middlesex Incorporated, 1783. Population, 1837, 433. Some shoe-s, palm-leaf hats and straw bonnets co. are manufactured in this town, and large quantities of hops are grown. It lies 25 miles N. W. by W. from Boston, and 9 W. by N. from ConGood lime-stone is found cord. here. Boxford, Mass. This town lies 28 CO. N. from Boston, 13 S. W. from Newburyport, and 10 W. by N. from Ipswich. The annual amount of manufactures of cotton Essex miles wicking, boots, shoes and ploughs is about Population, $100,000. 1837, 964. Incoi-porated, 1685. Boylstoii, Mass. Worcester co. Incorporated, 1786. Population, 1837,821. It lies 40 miles W. from Boston, and 8 N. by E. from Worcester. Boylston is watered by Nashua river, and has iron ore and a ledge of crystalized Fr-re are some manufacquartz. tures of c .nbs, palm-leaf hats, boots and shoes ; several ponds — and fine fish. Bozrali, Ct. New London co. This town was taken from Norwich in 1786. It was formerly called New Concord. It lies 33 miles E. S. E. from Hartford, and 5 W. from Norwich. The soil is a gravelly loam, rich and fertile. It is watered by Yantic river, Bradford, Me. Penobscot co. This town lies 87 miles from Augusta. 4,944 bushels of wheat was raised here in 1837, with a population of 770. See Barnard, Me. Bradford, N. H. Merrimack co. Situated about midway between the Merrimack and Connecticut rivers, bounded N. by Newbury and Sutton, E. by Warner, S. by Henniker and Hillsborough, W. by W^ashington \i 31 miles from Amherst, 25 from Concord, and 80 from Boston. This town is watered by small streams, which principally issue from ponds, of which the ; — Todd's pond, lying in Bradford and Newbury. This pond is supplied with water from the hills and mountains in Newbury. In it are a number of floating largest islands, is which are deemed objects forms the northern branch of Vrarner river. Pleasant, or Bradford pond, is on the E. side of the town. It is about 550 rods long and 150 wide. It communicates with Warner river by an outlet at the N. end of it. In this pond are several islands, which, with the rugged declivities on the E. bank, the waters below, and the cottages and cultivated fields on the west bank, present to view, in the summer season, a wild Many and variegated landscape. parts of Bradford are hilly. A large proportion of the town, however, lies in a valley, about thr»o dalles of curiosity. Its outlet �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. in width. Near moun- the Sunapee on the N. W.,is an extensive plain, more than a mile long and The soil about half a mile wide. tains, differs in quality. It is light, loamy In the easterly part are Bradford valuable stone quarries. was granted to John Peirce and or rough. This town lies 28 miles N. from Boston, 10 W. S. W. from Newburyport, 18 N. by W. from Salem, and about IS miles N. branch of the E. from Lowell. Boston and Lowell rail-road passes through Bradford to Haverhill. ulation, 1837, 2275. A Bradley, Me. George Its first Jaffrey, in 1765. settlement was made in 1771, by Dea. William Presbury and his They were soon followed family. by several inhabitants from Bradford in Mass., from which circumIt was stance it derived its name. incorporated Sept. 27, 1787, and is mentioned in the act as including New Bradford, Washington Gore, and part of Washington. Popula- tion in 1S30, 1,285. Bradford, Vt. This town lies on the W. side of Connecticut river, 25 miles S. E. from Monrpelier, 7 S. from Newbury, and 15 E. N. E. from Chelsea. Population, 1830, 1,507. Bradford is a pleasant farming town, of good soil, and is well watered by Wait's river. About 4,500 sheep. Orange CO. This town on the south is a very pleasant side of Merrimack and united to Haverhill by a bridge of 650 feet in length. The surface of the town is uneven and the soil various but much of the land is of a superior quality. Sevriver, ; of the hills exhibit beautiful scenery. Bradford is celebrated for its excellent schools and seminaries of learning. Here are several ponds, good fishing, and a pleasant stream of water. Some bricks are made here, and considerable leather tanned but the principal manufacture of the place is of boots and shoes, of which, during the year ending April 1, 1837, the value of $381,748 was made. Total amount of manufactures that year,$394,448. Hands employed, 1,096. Incorporated, 1G75. Poperal ; co. First settled, 1796. Incorporated, 1835. Population, See Barnard, Me. 1837, 338. Bradleyvale, Vt., An unincorporated township in Caledonia county, chartered in 1791, containing about 4000 acres. Moose river passes through it. It is bounded on the west by Kirby. Most of the land is on a mountain. It never had more than 21 inhabitants. Braiutree, Vt. co. Bradford, Mass. Essex Penobscot Orange co. This is a good farming town, and produces considerable butter, cheese, beef and pork. It lies 21 miles S. from Montpelier, and 14 W. by S. from Chelsea. Population, 1830, 1209. Branches of White river pass through the town. Braiutree, Mass. Norfolk CO. This town formerly included Quincy and Randolph, and was first called Mount Wollaston. It is celebrated for the antiquity of its settlement, (1625) and for the eminent men it has produced, both in church and state. The surface of the town is variegated by hill and dale, presenting many delightful views of Boston, its harbor and the adjacent country. The soil is a strong gravelly loam, and very Excellent productive. granite abounds here, of which large quanannually quarried and tities are transported and some of the best ; merchant ships are built of native white oak and cedar. The holley tree (Ilex aquifolium) is indigenous. Indications of coal have been so strong as to warrant an attempt at mining. The Manatiquot river, �NEV/ ENGLAND GAZETTEEH. after ia Randolph, meanderino- through this town and and receivins; the waters of Great ponds, meets the tide waters Little which Braiiford, Ct. rises landof Boston harbor, at Braintrec 11 ia^, on Wevaiouth Fore river, Bonon. At this place miles from there is considerable trade in lumber and bread stuffs, and some navigation is employed in the coasting New Haven New by E. from Boston, and 12 from Dedham. 1,752 ; Population, islands and The town in the fishery. in 1644. Population, beautiful pond, 1S30, 2,332. called Saltonstall's lake, lies between Branford and East Haven. wa's settled A Brattletooroiigli, Vt. Vrindham co. This town is situ- ated in the southeasterly quarter of is bounded the state and county by Connecticut river, S. by VerE. non and Guilford, W. by aMarlboro', ; and N. by Dummerston. town At the section of the town is the military site of the once famous Fort Dummer, nothing of post, which is now retained but the N. E. excellent mill site- ; some of which and are lie near ship navigation, Brain+ree was invaluable. very It lies 10 miles corporated in 1640. S. Haven. Thimble gaged endin:? April 1, 1837, amounted to $371,987. The value of boots and shoes amounted to $202,333, and gave emplovment to 830 persons. affords this An uneven Indian islands lie within the limits Here are fish of vaof the town. rious kinds, a small stream of waenter, a harbor, and some vessels The manufactrade and tisheries. tures of Braintree consist of boots, shoes, cotton and woolen goods, paper, leather, .nails, axes, cotton ginns, chocolate, carriages, granv/are, and ite, straw bonnets, tin The value of these artivessels. cles of manufacture, for the year The Manatiquot co. township, of strong soil, on Long Island Sound, about 7 miles E. from At name, Dummer Meadows. the mouth of Whetstone brook is a commodious landing place for river E. 1830, S. 1S37, 2,237. Brattleborough is connected with Hinsdale and Chesterfield by a handsome covered bridge, spanning the Connecticut, and terminatthe ino-"at its western abutment in craft. Bran tl on, Vt. This is town a flourishing in Rut- land county, 40 miles S. W. from Montpelier, IS N. by W. from Rutland, and 16 S. from Middlebury. and orIt was first settled in 1775, ganized in 17S4. Populauon,1330, linely watered by Otter creek. Mill river, and Spring pond ; on which streams are l,9iO. Brandon is good mill seats. Some of the land soil, but is level, with rather a light that on Otter creek is the best alluBog iron ore, of an excellent vial. quality, is found here copperas and ; marble are also found. There are two curious caverns in this town. The largest contains two apartments, each from 16 to 20 feet It is entered by descendsquare. ing from the surface about 20 feet. They are formed of limestone. 1 I I the east village, where the north, south, the east, and the west lines The of mail stages concentrate. town and vicinity are noticed for salubrious air, pure water, and fine mountain scenery. It is watered on the east by the Connecticut, and is intersected by West river. Whetstone brook, and nume- their rous smaller streams. There are water power on tho larger streams, unoccupied, and in- many sites for The east vilvitfng to enterprize. lage is the general business mart Of its for the surrounding towns. own internal business and industry, one instance is given of many of "The Brattleboro* less amount. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Typof^ranhic Co." was incorporated Capital, $150,000. Oct. 2J, "1338. Tlie Company is extensively cngao-e<i in the manufactare of paper and books. Their paper mill is furnished with the bast machinery, and is capable of turning out from 40 to 50 reams of the largest printing paper, or from 150 to 200 reams of letter paper per day. Their printing oliice contains eight power prer.sc3. There are employed in the estalilishment from (iO to 70 male and female operatives. So great are their facilities, that they have taken rags and manufactured them into paper, and printed it, on the same day. Probably there i? no esta!)li3hment in the count.-y which combines so many facilities for carrying on the book business as this. The Company publish a variety of bibles and other valuable works. The value of business done at this estaMi.:hment, in 1S36, is stated to Kingston. The soil is better adapted to grass than grain, although some made none in to its size, is second have been Exeter river qualities. its passes nearly through the centre of the town, and there are other streams of less magnitude connect- Pick-pocket falls, on town, and near them are situated an extensive cotton factory, and a number of mills. card i'acory has been established here, which promises to be of great utility and also an iron furnace for casting machinery. ing with Exeter it. river, are in this A ; Quantities of iron ore have been found, and it was formerly worked with success. Vitriol, combined in masses with sulphur, has also been found here, lirentwood was incorporated June 2G, 1742. Population, in 1830, S91. Erewcr, Me. Penobscot co. Brewer lies on the Penobscot river, opposite to the city of Bangor. It was taken from have amounted to .|;.500,000. It i< presumed that this village, according improvements in Orin2;ton in 1337, 1,622. to the state foi- business or The surface of the town 1812. Population, in It is watered by the diversified by hills, vales, and plains ; is of good soil, and generally well improved. It is 12 miles Segeunkedunk, on which are mills Considerable of various kinds. quantities of lumber, hay, potatoes, tanners' bark and wood, are annu- S. E. from Newfane, 96 S. from Montpelier, 90 W. of Boston, and 16 E. N. E. from Albany. Popu- town was named in compliment to Col. Jolin Brewer, one of the first wealth. is lation, 1320, 2,017— 1S30', ISremeii, ally exported from this town. 2,141. Worcester, M.ass. privileges at this place are equal to those at Bangor. settlers, The navigable Me. Lincoln co. This town was formerly a part of Bristol. It is bounded N. by Nobleborough, west by Bristol, south by Pemmaquid point in Bi-i<tol, and east by Muscongu? Erewster, Mass. island in Muscongus bay. It lies iabout -40 miles S. E. fvam Augusta, and 15 E. S. E. from Wiscasselt, and possesses great navioable privileges. Population, 1837, 773. Brentwood, N, H. Rockingham co. Brentwood is bounded E. by Exeter, N. by Eppiiig, W. by Poplin, and S. by from The i Barnst.'ble co. This town was the Indian Saivkatucket. It was taken from Harwich, in 1830, and took its name from Elder,Brewster, one of the first settlers of Plymouth ; a man of great learning and piety, who died, 1044. In common with all the towns on Cape Cod, a large number of ship-masters, sailing to foreign ports, belong here. From three ponds in this town, coverin,"; about 1,000 acres, a aever-ioiling stream of water is pro- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. of which a very large amount is annually made and transported. rail-road from this place is in contemplation, to pass up the Housatonick river, and meet the Boston and Albany rail-road at West StockThe populatioa bridge, in" Mass. of the borough of Bridgeport, in The present pop1830, was 1,800. ulation of the city exceeds 4,000. E. Bridgeport lies 62 miles N. York, 17 S. W. from from Haven, and 4 E. by N. from The distance from this Fairfield. place to Setauket, on Long l^land, across the Sound, is about IS miles. duced; on which are a cotton mill, carding inili, luacliino sliop and othThe value of the er small mill?. manuf.ictures of cotton gooils, boot's, A shoes, leather, axes, chairj, cabinet and tin warej, laiupblack, Ep>om and common salt>, amounted, in one Product of the year, to $52,072. cod and mackerel fishery, $9,050. Brewster lies on the north side of the Cape, IG miles E. by N. from E;irnstable, and G New N. N. W. from New Population, 1S37, 1,534. are about 1,000 sheep. Chatham. Here Bridgeport, Ct. The town of Bridgewas formerly a part of Stratford, and was incorporr ud by its it contains present name in 1821. Fairfield co. Ericl^^ctou, Die., port Cumberland co., is pleasantly- situated on the border of Long pond, and near the head of navigation to about 10 square miles, of a strong and fertile soil, under excellent culThat part of Bridgeport tivation. Portland, by the Cumberiand and The distance fio-m canal. this place to Portland, by navigable The toil waters, is about 50 miles. of Bridgeton is good, and produced in 1837 4,000 bushels of wheat. Its location affords it great fnoiliMes Oxford the city now stands was called the village of Newfield, until 1800, when it was incorporated as a borough by its present name. In 183() it became a city. This is one of those beautiful and flourishEngland, the ing places in where for inland trade. Long poi;d is about 10 miles in length and 1 in It empties into Crooked breadth. New pride of Yankees and the admiraIt is located on tion of strangers. an elevated plain, on the west side of an arm of Long Island Sound, which passes into Scbago This town lies 74 miles S. W. by W. from Augusta, and 40 N. W, from Portland, by the road. river, pond. and commands extended views oi Long Island and the surrounding country. The city is built in a style of great neatness and some elegance. The harbor is safe, but the naviijation for large vessels is impeded by a bar at its mouth, of about 13 feet draught of water at large business is high tides. done here in the coasting trade son\e in foreign commerce, and some in the whale and other fish- A ; Population, 1837, 1,863. Eridge^vater, N. H. Originally part of Grafion co. New Chester; now Hill, wa-< incorIt is bounded N. porated, 1738. by Plynjouth and Hebron, on the E. by Pen.igewa-^set river, dividing it from part of Holderness and New Hampton, on the S. by (he W. by which separates on Bri'ii^tol, and Newfound pond, it from Alexandria. watered by the some water The soil is well adapted to grazPequanork, affording There is a commodious ing, and few townships in this vipower. in this respect. bridge across the harbor, 412 yards cinity exceed it Mayhew turnpike pa-ses for the The in length, with a draw This is an im- throujrh the W. part, near Newpassa2;e of vessels. manufacturing city, par- found pond, and the main road from portant Plymouth through the ticularly of saddlery and carriages. Concord to eries. The city is �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. E. part near The first Pemigewasset settlement wo.s river. made in 1763, by Thomas Crawford, Esq., the tract comprised the whole of Nev/ Ciiester, Bridgewater, and Bristol. Population, in 1S30, 783. when Bridgewater, Vt. Windsor co. This town is bounded E. by Vfoodstock, and lies 45 miles S. from Montpelier, 17 N. W. from Windsor, and 60 N. E. from Bennias-ton. Population, 1820, 1,125; 1830; 2,320. The settlement of the town commenced in 1780. In 1785 the town was organized. There are many good mill seats in this town, on Waterqueechy river, and considerable fine intervale lies on the borders of that stream. The high lands are good, and produce valuable crops. It feeds about 6,000 sheep. Here are found iron ore, garnets, rock mica slate, gneiss, limestone, quartz, and excellent soapstone. In 1822, a living frog was crystal, taken from 26 feet below the surface of the ground, about 30 rods from the river. ^ Bridge^vater, Mass. Plymouth co. was formerly very This township large. It is now divided into four distinct towns. Not content with attaching the cardinal points of the compass to the names of three divisions of this ancient and respectable town, this remnant of the old territory is often improperly called South Bridgewater. The Indian name of thi^ township was JWmketest. Bridgewater contains some very good land, and is well watered by branches of Taunton river. It lies 27 miles S. by E. from Boston, 20 S. S. W. from Plymouth, and 17 S. from Weymouth landing. Population, This 1,855; 1837, 2,092. town was first settled in 1651, and incorporated in 1656. The settlements were nearly all destroyed by 1830, the Indians, in 1676. Manufactur ing operations commenced here at an early period. Hugh Orr, an eminent Scotchman, carried on the manufacture of cannon and small arms duj-ing the revolutionary war. The present manufactures consist of boots, shoes, hats, paper, anchors, bar iron (from native ore,) iron castings, nails, tacks, axes, cotton ginns, straw bonnets, &c. The va^ue of these manufactures, in one year, amounted to about $250,000, and gave employment to 400 hands. Bridport, Vt. Addison co. Bridport was first and organized as a town in 1785. It is bounded on the W. by lake Champlain, and is op- settled in 1768, posite to Crown Point, in the state New York. It is 12 miles W. by S. from Middlebury, 37 S. from Burlington, and 45 S. W. from Montpelier. Population,1830, 1,774. The surface is nearly level, with a loamy soil and sandstone. The water is bad to the taste, and contains Epsom salts. It has a harbor on the lake, and the business of the town is considerable. Across the lake to Crown Point is about 2 of A miles. visit to the ruins of this ancient fortress, so renowned in the annals of the revolutionary war, and elevated 47 feet above the level of the lake, is a great treat to the contemplative traveller, or the lo\'er of splendid scenery. From these warlike ruins to those of Ticonderoga, is 15 miles, S. BrigJiton, Me. This town is situated in the county of Somerset and boundIt was ined by Athens on the S. corporated in 1316, and is 120 miles N. N. \N. from Portland, 50 N. from Augusta, and about 30 W. from Dover. Population, 1837, 798. The same year it produced 5,203 bushels of wheat. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Brigliton, Vt. tion, 1830, 105. miles E. by N. from Springfield, 50 W. N. W. from Providence, and 70 W. by S. from Boston. See Barnard. Me. A town in Essex county. Popula- ulation, 1837, 1,599. Briglxtoii) Mass. Middlesex co. This was formerly a part of Cambridge, and called " Little Cambridge" poration until its incor- It lies 5 miles in 1807. S. W. from Boston, 13 S. E. from Concord, 35 E. from Worcester, 8 N. by E. from Dedham, and 15 N. W. by N. from Weymouth landing. Population, 1830, 972 1837, 1,337. The western and northern bounda; ries of this Store do. Sheep, Swine, 13,685, 132,697, 19,639, 203,788, 1837. Beef 154,564. 215,618. 70,971. $1,419,143. Value. J\ro. cattle, Store do. Sheep, Swine, 32,664, 16,210, 110,206, 17,052, $1,567,872. 486,480. 275,515. 119,364. I., Pop- First settled, 1714. Incorporated, 1731. This is a fine farming town, with a good and is well watered by Chickopee and Quinebaugh rivers. The articles manufactured in this town, in one year, amounted to $105,262. The manufactures consisted of cotsoil, ton goods, boots, shoes, leather, palm-leaf hats, chairs and cabinet ware. The value of wool grown, in one year, was $4,067. town are washed by Charles river. The soil is excellent and highly cultivated, and, in common with all the towns in the vicinity of Boston, Brighton has become the residence of many people of wealth and taste, who possess beautiful country seats and splendid gardens. Winship's garden is noted throughout the country for its nursery of fruit-trees and shrubbery, and for its grand display of plants and flowers of every variety. Brighton is the largest cattle market in New England. Monday is the market day,when sellers and buyers meet in throngs to traffic in live stock, both for slaughter and domestic use. The sales in 1830 and 1837 are here given. 1830. JVo. Value. Beef cattle, 37,767, $977,990. R. Bristol County-) Mass. Taunton and JVew Bedford the county towns. The surface of somewhat level. Its this county are is broken, but generally soil in many parts is of an inferior quality. There are 12,468 sheep. Area, 600 square miles. It has a maritime coast of considerable extent, audits people are extensively engaged The tonnage in of the navigation. two districts county (New Bedford and Dighton) is 94,163 tons. This county gives rise to many important streams that fall into Massachusetts and Narraganset bays, and its water power is abundant in almost every town. It abounds in excellent iron ore, and in no section of our country, of its extent, are more extensive manufactures of that matein this almost all the uses of man. This county is bounded N. by Norfolk CO., E. by Plymouth co., S. E. by Buzzard's bay, and W. by the counties of Providence, Bristol, and Newport, R. I. In king Philip's time this part of the country rial, for was called Pawcunnawcutt. It was incorporated in 1685. Population, in 1820, 40,908 1830, 49,474 ; and in 1837, 58,152 97 inhabitants to a square mile. Value of the manufactures, for the year ending April 1 1837, $7,929,479. Product of the ; : 176,132, $2,449,231. , Brimiieltl, Mass. Hampden co. This town 6* lied 19 fishery, $2,188,656. The TauntoQ and Pawtucket are its chief rivers. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Bristol County, R. Bristol is I. the chief town. The county in New England, except the county of Suffolk, in Massachusetts, belonged to the colony of Massachusetts until 1746. It is bounded on the N. by Bristol county, Mass., E. by Mount Hope bay, and S. and W. by the upper waters of Narraganset b-ay. Area, 25 square miles. The location of this county, on the beautiful waters of Mount Hope and Narragansetbays, affords it unterritory of this smallest rivalled for navigation. generally a deep gravelly loam and very fertile, producing various kinds of grain and fruits ; and has about 4,000 sheep. The rocks are mostly granite. Bristol county affords some of the best scenery in New England, and is otherwise interesting as being, for many years, the residence of the brave and cruel Philip. Population, 1830, 5,466: 218 inhabitants to a square mile. The facilities soil is Bristol, Me. Lincoln co. This town is bounded N. by Nobleborough and Bremen, W. by Damariscotta river, S. by the sea, and E. by Muscongus bay. " Bristol Mills," so called, is the centre of the town, or the chief of business. The town is finely watered by the Damariscotta and Pemmaquid, and possesses great place hydraulic power and navigable cilities. There are a number fa- of islands in the waters around Bristol, which make a beautiful appearance; some of them are quite large, and inhabited. The surface of Bristol not mountainous, but elevated, "with a good soil. number of square rigged vessels belong to this town ; about 20 sail are engaged in the coasting trade, and a great number of smaller vessels are employed in the bank and shore fisheries. Bristol lies 15 miles S. E. from Wiscasset, GO N. E. from Portland, and 32 S. E. from Augusta. Populais A tion, 1837, 2,788. This town was incorporated in 1765. There was a temporary settlement here as early as 1625. In an old fort, on the banks of the Pemmaquid, once called William Henry, and afterwards Frederick George, built of stone, in 1692, and taken by the French in 1696, " are found grave stones of a very early date, and streets regularly laid out and paved, in the vicinity of the fort. On the side of the river, opposite to the fort, tan pits have been discovered, the plank remaining in a state of preservation.. In other places coffins have been dug up, which bear indubitable evidence of a remote antiquity." "A considerable portion of the inhabitants of Bristol are of Irish extraction, a small part of Scotch, a few of German and English. The predominant characteristics of the inhabitants are frankness and hospitality, a generous liberality of sentiment, and an ardent love of liberty and independence. There are few of that class of men who are esteemed opulent. The most wealthy are those who labor daily with their hands, and raise by their own individual exertions the bread they consume. On the other hand, the population of the miserably poor is very small, and the town is burthened with but few Bristol was the resiCommodore Samuel Tuck- paupers." dence oi er, distinguished for his bravery in the revolutionary war. Bristol, N. H. Bristol, in the S. E. part of Graf- N. by Bridgewater, E. by Pemigewasset river, and W.by Hill. It is 16 miles S.from Plymouth, and SON. from Concord. The land is hilly, but has, in genNewfound pond, eral, a good soil. about 6 miles in length and from 2 to 3 miles in width, lies in Ibis town and in Hebron. Its waters are discharged through Newfound river, a stream about 2 miles long ton county, is bounded �GAZETTEER. NEW ENGLAND and 100 feet wide, into Pemigewasof set river. At the confluence these rivers is a pleasant village, of a cotton factory, and a number Bristol was mill seats. valuable a deep, gravelly loam, very and productive. Great quanfertile tities of onions are produced here; the cultivation of which gives a soil is lucrative employment to a great number of the inhabitants. Poputaken from Bridgewater and New lation, in 1830, 3,054. Chester, and incorporated .June 24, Mount Hope lies about 2 miles settlement was tirst The 1819. N. E. of the court house. It is of made in 1770. Population, in 1830, a conical form, and though not more 799. than 300 feet above tide water, preBristol, Vt. sents a view of great interest and Addison co. It is 25 miles S. W. from Montpelier, 11 N. from Middlebury, and 25 S. E. from BurlingThe town is mountainous; ton. some parts of it, about the " Hog's Back" and " South Mountain," are On the west unfit for cultivation. the mountains is some fine side of About 2,200 sheep are kept land. Bristol is watered by New here. Haven river, Baldwin and Lewis' beauty. Mount Hope bay is an arm of Narraganset bay it extends N. E. from Bristol to Fall river and Somerset, and receives the waters of ; Taunton river. Bristol, Ct. Hartford co. This town was taken from Farmington in 1785. It which is watered by some streams and natural flow into Farmington river, creek, and some beautiful within its limits Here is a good water pow- there are found ponds. Pop- iron and copper ores, and granite. er, and some manufactures. The copper mine is very rich and ulation, in 1830, 1,247. productive, and will probably beBristol, R. I. come a source of great wealth. " The surface of the town is uneThis is the chief town of Bristol a gravPocanocket of the In- ven and hilly, and the soil is county the ; dians. It is delightfully situated on the waters of Narraganset and lat. 41° 39' Mount Hope bavs, 53" N., Ion. 71° 19' W. It lies 15 miles S. from Providence, 15 N. from Newport, and 56 S. S. W. from Boston. Its navigable advan- m The comtages are unrivalled. merce of this place is not so extenstill there is consive as formerly It has siderable maritime trade. engaged in the whale IS vessels fishery, 15 or 20 sail in the merchant service, and a lar^e number ; The amount in the coasting trade. of tonnage in this district in 1837, was 16,627 tons. Much of the capmanital of this town is employed in ufacturing concerns at other places. The town comprises an area of about 12 square miles, including Mount Hope, once the residence of the celebrated king Philip. The elly loam, and considerably fertile, producing all kinds of grain, grass and fruit, common to this region. is a manufacturing town, and inhabitants are distinguished for their enterprize and industry. There are at present sixteen clock factories, in which nearly 100,000 brass and wooden clocks have been manufactured in a single year. The manufacture of buttons is also Bristol carried on in this place." Hartford, is 16 miles W. by S. from This the and 28 N. from ulation, 1830, New Haven. Pop- 1,707; 1837, about 2,500. Brookfield, N. H. It is 45 miles from Strafford co. Concord, and 90 from Boston ; was originally a part of Middleton, from which it was separated and incor- porated Dec. 30, 1794. The soil is �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. good. of the Cook's pond is the source of Salmon-Fall river. There is also another small pond, covering about 15 acres, directly on the top of Moose mountain, which has always about the same quantity of water, and a variety of fish in it. Population, in 1830, 679. W. branch springs, but has no important mill privileges. This is a fine grazing town, and feeds about 10,000 sheep. The products of the dairy are considerable. Here are some manufactures, and an inexhaustible bed which lime first is made. settled in 1779, and organized in 1781. Brookiield, Ct. Fairfield co. This town Population, 1880, 1,677. lies 33 W. from New Haven, 24 N. by W. from Fairfield, and 6 N. miles S. from Orange co. On the high lands between Onion and White rivers 40 miles N. by W. from Windsor, 16 S. from Montpelier, and bounded by Chelsea on the S. E. It is watered by a number of ponds and The town was silk. by E. from Danbury. Brookiield, Vt. of marl, from These manufactures, for the year ending April 1, 1837, amounted to $248,502, exclusive of the legs. It New was taken Milford, Danbury, and Newtown, in 1788, and named after the first minister. Rev. Thomas Brooks, who was ordained when the church was organized, in 1758. The surface of the town is somewhat broken, but the soil is strong, and well adapted to the culture of grain. The rocks in many parts of the town are limestone, and afford marble. The N. E.^^boundary is washed by the Housatonick river, over which is a bridge to Milford ; and Still river passes nearly through its centre. Fish, particularly shad, are taken in its waters. Population, 1830, 1,261. Bi-ookfield, Mass. Brookline, N. H. Worcester co. The Indian Quaboag, a large, fertile and beautiful township, in two parishes, well wa- On the S. line 7 miles from Amherst, 35 from Concord, and 43 from Boston. Nisitissit is the only river in Brookline. It rises in the N. E. part of Mason passes through the S. part of Milford into Brookline, pursuing a S. E. course to Potanipo pond. From the pond it runs S. E. to Hollis, passing through the S. W. corner of that town into Pepperell, where it empties into Nashua river. Potanipo, or Tanapus pond, is situated near the meeting house. It is about a mile long and one third of a mile wide. Brookline formerly belonged to Massachusetts. It wag incorporated March 30, 17(59, by the name of Baby. In Nov. 1798, the name was altered by an act of the legislature to Brookline. Population, in 1830, 627. tered by several large ponds, which give rise to a principal branch of Chickopee river. For about forty years after its first settlement, in 1660, this town suffered exceedingly by the Indians. The ponds afford fine fish of various kinds, and in this town is a mineral spring of some celebrity. It lies 58 miles W. from Boston, 18 W. from Worcester, and 7 E. from Ware. Incorporated, 1673. Population, 1830, 2,342; 1837,2,514. The agricultural products of this town are butter, cheese, wool, and fine beef cattle. The manufactures consist of boots, shoes, leather, iron castings, ploughs, chairs, cabinet ware, palmleaf hats, silver plate, shoe makers rolling and shingle machines, sleighs, carpenters' hammers, coach wrenches, sewing silkj and wooden Hillsborough of the state. co. It is ; Brookline, Vt. Windham co. Set off from Put- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. of this brave man. Dr. ney and Athens in 1794. The east- Speaking observes," During the gayDwight erly part of the town is elevated A deep valley and unproductive. runs through the town, in which Its principal is some good land. stream is Grassy brook, a branch of West river. An exten-^ive bed of Popporcelain clay is found here. 35 miles S. ulation, 1830, .376. from Windsor, 10 N. E. from Newfane, and IS N. from Brattleborough. and most thoughtless period of he regarded religion with profound reverence, and read the scriptures with the greatest atten- est his life, tion." Brooks Me. ; Waldo CO. This town is 11 miles N. N. W. from Belfast, and 45 N. It produced in E. from Augusta. 1837, 3 ,475 bushels of wheat. From Paasaggassawakeag pond issues a Brool^Lae, Mass. of the same name, which Norfolk CO. This delightful town stream setby the passes into Belfast bay. First is connected with Boston Incorporated, 1816. 1798. tled, mill-dam across Charles river bay 1837, 800. one of the most beautiful and ex- Population, pensive avenues leading to the city^. Brooksville, Me. 5 It is distant from Boston about Hancock co. On the E. side of miles S. W., and from DedhamS Penobscot bay, opposite to Islesbomiles N. N. E. Incorporated, 1705. This town rough and Casline. It is bounded Population, 1837,1,083. bay, surface, on ^he N. by an arm of that is remarkable for its varied This includes cape Rosico. state of cultivation, elegant and high well located for navigation country seats and gardens, excel- town is fisheries. It lies 80 miles E. roods, and for its rich and pic- and the lent Many gentle- from Augusta, and about 25 S. E. turesque scenery. Population, 1837, men of taste and fortune make this from Ellsworth. ; i 1,192. their residence. Brooklyn, Shire town of Bro\^'nlielcl, Ct. Windham This co. town is finely watered by Quinnebaug river, and Blackw^elTs stream. CanIt was taken from Pomfret and ; Incorporated, 1837, 1,178. 44 W. from Providence, R. I., and about 20 N. by E. from Norwich. Population, 1S30, 1,451. Good landscapes are obtained from the Gray Mare and Tetnuck hills. Here is" a cave called the Lion's Ben, and a mineral spring of some ford, The 171S. He died Chartered, 1790. Population, It is divided from Iras1830, 412. burs, on the W., by Barton river. In this town are about 1,500 sheep. ton. celebrated hero. May 29, 1790. Population, Orleans co. Willoughby river, a branch of Barton river, furnishes this town with a good mill stream. MontIt lies 45 miles N.^N. E. from pelier, and 57 N. E. from Burling- . General Israel Putnam, lived many He year? and died in this town. was born at Salem, Mass., Jan. 7, 1802. BrOAvnington, Vt. the varieties common to This a fertile erazing country. lies 30 miles E. from Harttown all notoriety. Me. Oxford CO. Bounded E. by Sacc river, and contains several ponds and streams 81 miles S. E. from Augusta, and 30 S. W\ from Paris. terbury in 1786. The land is uneven, and somewhat stony; but the abundsoil is strong, producing in ance Incorporated, 1817. BroAViiville, I Me. Bounded on the Piscataquis co. N. and E. by Pleasant river, S. by Williamsburgh, and W. by Vaug- �NEW ENGLAND han. Incorporated, 1824. lation, 1S37, 532. It lies Popuabout 20 miles N. from Dover, 97 N. N. E. from Augusta, and 171 N. N. E. from Portland. This is a good township of land, and produced, in 1837, o,252 bushels of wheat. Brujis^vicls, descend the Androscoggin to this place, and lumber of all kinds is sent to Bath in gondolas, or transported by land to the sea board. rail-road, of about 4 miles in length, is contemplated, for the transportation of lumber. There are 30 board saw mills at this place, exclusive of those in Topsham. Two cotton and woolen factories were erected here but they were both burnt in 1824. Another factory was built in JS34, calculated for 4,000 spindles. It is of stone, five stories high, and 174 by 45 feet. Other factories are contemplated. This place, possessing A ; such an eshaustless water power, and situated on navigable waters, and on a large and beautiful river, extending 140 miles info the heart of a fertile and healthy country, cannot fail of very soon becoming one of our largest manufacturing towns. Bi-unswick was first settled in 1627, and incorporated in 1739. It has been the scene of much savage aggression. See Register. This town was Oxford CO. This town is finely watered by a branch of AndroscogIt is bounded on the W. gin river. by Paris, and is 34 miles W. by S. from Augusta, and 50 N. by W. Population, 1837, from Portland. 1,618. The soil of this town is very Among its agricultural progood. duct-, in 1837, it yielded 5,613 bushels of wheat. Euclcland, Mass. This is a pleasant Franklin co. town and is separated from Charle- mont by Deerfiehi river. It lies 102 miles W. by N. from Boston, 10 W. from S. E. 1779. Greenfield, and 20 E. Incorporated, Population, 1837, 1,051.— from Adams. This is a good farming town, and produces a considerable quantity of wool. Biiclcsport, Hancock Me. This town lies on the E. side of Penobscot river, 15 miles below Bangor, 61 N. E. by E. from Augusta, and about 18 W. by N. from Ellsworth. It has a fine harbor for vessels of the largest class, and which is seldom obco. structed by ice. The soil is good, and the town is watered by a number of ponds and streams. Considerable shipping belong to this place, and the trade is quite extensive, particularly in the lumber business. has some manufactures. From 1792 to 1816, Bucksport was called Buckstoion. Ths is a very beautiful town, elevated, healthy, and It Brunswick, Vt. CO. BuckJield, Me. co. substantial bridge. It is 27 miles N. E. from Portland, 30 S. of Augusta, and 3 W. from Bath. Population, in 1830, 3,747; and in 1837, 4,136. It lies at the head of the tide waters, where vessels of 400 tons are built. Vast quantities of timber and logs Essex Nulhegan river, and Wheeler There are and Paul's streams. some beautiful ponds in town, and a mineral spring said to contain medicinal virtues. It is 55 miles N. E. from Montpelier, 14 N. from Guildhall, and opposite to Stratford, of N. H. Me. This town is on the S. side of Androscoggin river, and connected with Topshajn by a Cumberland GAZETTEER. first settled in 1780. Population, 1830, 160. It lies on the W. side of Connecticut river, and has some excellent mill sites on the waters flourishing. It is situated just above the head of Orphan's island. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. a Ibrt is to be erected. PopuIation,lS30, 2,237; 1837,2,825. on wLich Biu-ke, Vt. about the year 1786. The surface of the township is agreeably diversified, and is so much elevated above the lake that the air is officers A mountain, 3,500 pure and wholesome. This town is not surpassed in beauty of location by any one in New England. It lies on the east shore of Burlington bay, and occupies a gentle declivity, descending towards the west and terminated by The prinstone (novacuUte) is found on an the waters of the lake. cipal streets, running east and west in Memphremagog lake.— island and these stones are brought in their are one mile in length, Caledonia co. divides this town from Victory, on the E. Branches of Passumpriic river pass through it, and afford a good water power. This is a phice" of some manufacturcs,pa;-ticularly of oil stones. Tiiis feet in height, The and their quality is said to equal those from Turkey. The soil of the town is good, and abounds with hard-wood and ever- rough state, A large number of sheejj greens. Burke was tirst setare kept here. Population, 1S30, tled in 17S0. 8fi8. It lies 40 miles N. E. from Montpelier, and 19 N. E. from Danville. co. and St. Johns and between this and Plattsburgh, besides numerous of arrivals of irregular boats, sloops, in 1837, Three extensive wharves, &c. with slore-hou-es, have been constructed and most of the merchandize designed for the north-eastern The number town inhabitants in was 277. They produced the year 2,106 bushels of wheat. this same See Barnard, Me. Burlington, Vt. This is the chief town in the county of Chittenden. It is delightfully situated upon the tongue of land formed by the confluence of the Winoo>ki,or Onion river, with This is the most lake Champlain. It important town in Vermont. lies in lat. 44° 27' N. and in Ion. 73=* 15' W. It is 38 miles W. N. W. from Montpelier, 62 S. by E.' from St. Johns, L. C, 80 S. S. E. from Montreal, 70 N. from Whitehall, 22 S. E. from Pittsburgh, 10 miles across the lake to Port Kent, N. Y. and 440 from Washington. Although some beginnings were made before that event, no permanent settlement was effected in this township till about ihe close of the revolution in 1783. A the business on lake Champlain centres at this place, and the town is rapidly increasing in wealth and There are regular consequence. daily lines of steam-boats between this place and Whitehall, between this Burlington, Me. Penobscot are intersected at right angles by streets running north and south, and cutting the whole village into lai-ge share of regular squares. The town was organized by the election of town section of Vermont is landed here. The trade is principally with the York, although Montcity of For real and Troy have a share. the safety of the navigation, a light- New house has been erected on Juniper island, at the entrance of Burlington bay, and for the security of the harbor, a breakwater has been commenced here at the expense of the There are oencral t!;overnmcnt. of mail stages which arrive and depart daily, besides three ifour lines or four others which come in and go out twice or thrice a week. The public buildings are six churches, the University of Ver- mont, the Episcopal Institute, the court house, two banks, the Academy and two female seminaries. The University consists of four spacious ediljces, located upon the summit at the eastern extremity of �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER, villasfe, more than 250 feet above the level of the lake, and commands one of the finest prospects in the United States. The village, the lake, with its bays and islands its steam-boats and sloops, the Winooski river, dashing through frightl\il chasms and then winding among the beautiful meadows, and the distant and lofty mountains which form the great outline, render the view from the dome of the University one of the most variegated and interesting to be met with in our country. As a part of Burlington may be mentioned the village called "Win- the — — ooski City." It is situated on both sides of the Winooski river, partly in Burlington and partly in Colchester, and is one mile from the village of Burlington. The water power here is some purpose. mills, a large Besides two saw grist mill, a machine shop and numerous smaller works, there is a large satinet factory and extensive block factory now in successful operation, and a woolen m factory of the first class is to com- mence running the present season. substantial covered bridge connects the two sides of the river; a handsome church, and several stores have been erected, and 'Winooski City' bids fair to become a place of business and importance. See Reg- A ister. Burlington, Mass. Middlesex co. This town is watered by Vine brook, a branch of the Shawsheen river. It lies 11 miles S. E. from Lowell, 10 N. E. from Concord, and 1.3 N. W. by N. from Boston. Population, 1837, 522, Some shoes are made here. The soil is light, and suitable for the growth of rye and hops. Eurliiigtoii, Ct. Hartford co. An agricultural Me. Biirjiliani, Waldo CO. It lies 37 miles N. E. from Augusta, and about 30 N.' W. from Belfast. W. by Sebasticook It is bounded river, Troy. s! and E. by Incorporated, 1824. Popu1S37, 602. It produced 2,297 bushels of wheat in 1837. lation, Eiiriiliain's See sufficient for propel- ling almost any amount of machinery, and is beginning to be employed to township, with a soil of gravelly loam, pleasantly diversified by hills and vales, 17 miles W. from Hartlord, and .3G N. from New Haven Population, 1830, 1,301. It is water ed by Farmington rivei-,and was taken from Bristol in 1806. This town has some manufactui-es. and has been noted for the equality of its inhabitants, in regard to property. Lyman, River, W. H. JS''. H. Burnt Coat Island, Me. Hancock co. A large island, surolhers of a smaller size, lying off Blue Hill bay, E. by S. from Deer island about 13 miles, and about 6 miles S. by W. from the town of Mount Desert. It has a light-house and good harbors, and is a fine location for the shore fishery. rounded by Biirrilville, R. I. Providence co. This town was taken from Gloucester in 1808. It is finely watered by Branch river, with many branches; one branch of which lises in Allum pond, partly in this town and partly in Douglas, Mass. This river is an important tributary \o the Blackstone. Manufacturing villages are scattered over this farge town in almost every direction, and a vast amount of manufactures of various kinds is annually produced. The face of the town is rough, but the soil is adapted to grazing, and produces large quantities of^beef, pork, butter, cheese, &c. Herring and Ed- dy's ponds are pleasant "sheets of water. Burrilville lies 24 miles �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. N. W. from Providence, and 27 S. by E. from Worcester. Population, 1830, 2,196. 1830, 1,304. Buxtou, Me. York on the CO. S. This town W. by Saco mathematician. Cabot lies 12 miles N. E. from Montpelier, and bounded E. by Danville. Population, is At the Saco falls about SO and produces a great hydraulic power, which is partly improved for manufacturing establishments. It lies 8 miles N. W. from Saco, 16 N. E. from Alfred, 18 W. from Portland, and 71 S. AV. from Augusta. Incorporated, 1772. Population, 1837 2,SS8. this place feet, Calais, bounded river. Me. Washington co. At the head of navigation on the Schoodic, or St. Croix river, nearly opposite to St. The Ujyjjer village, or Mill Town, is about two miles from tide water. At the Lower village, below the falls, is a Andrews, N. B. Calais bridge lo the British side. lies 28 miles above Eastport, about 35 N. by E. from Machias, and 204 This is a E. N. E. from Augusta. Blizzard's Bay, Mass. great mart for lumber of all kinds. This bay lies N. W. from Dukes About 40 saw mills and other macounty, W. from Barnstable county, chinery are in operation by the and S. by E. from the counties of great fall of the river. The tide Plymouth and Bristol. The length rises here about 20 feet, and large of the bay is about 30 miles from vessels ascend to the lower village. rail-road is in operation between N. E. to S. W., and its average breadth about 7 miles. From the the two villages; it is to extend to head of this bay, across Cape Cod Baring. Incorporated, 1809. Popto Massachusetts bay, (the place ulation, 1830, 1,686; 1837, 3,027. proposed for a canal,) is 5 miles. Calais, Vt. Bjrfleld, Mass. A Washington See JVewhury. Byraiu River. See Greenwich, Ct. lock Abijah Whee- co. and others first settled this town in 1737. It lies 36 miles E. by S. from Burlington, and 12 N. E. from Montpelier. Population, 1830, Calais has a number of 1,539. Oxford CO. See Barnard, Me. streams, branches of Onion river, and several fine ponds. Two thouCaljot, Vt. sand pounds of trout have been takCaledonia co. On the height of en in a season. There is some manland between Onion and Connecti- ufacturing carried on in the town, cut rivers. " The Plain" is delight- and it feeds about 6,000 sheep. fully situated, having the Green Caledonia Comity, Vt. and White mountains in prospect. Several branches of the Onion rivDanville is the chief town. er water this town, and afford it Bounded E. by Connecticut river some water power. Here is Jo and Essex county S. by Orange and Molly'' s pond, and a sulphur county W. by Washington counspring. The surface is broken and ty, and N. by the county of Orleans. hard, but good for sheep, of wliich It contains about 700 square miles. about 6,000 are reared. The town Population, 1820, 16,669; 1S30, was first ssttled in 1785. The first 19,943. Inhabitants to a square females who came here came on mile, 28. Incorporated, 1792. The snow-shoes. This is the birth place eastern range of the Green mounof Zerah Colhurn, the celebrated tains extends through the western Byron, Me. ; ; . �NEW ENGLAND part of the county. It is watered fine streams, but the Connecticut and Passumpsic are its chief rivers. large part of the by many A county is high and good land ; that GAZETTEER. bridge- Port is a coTnpact, flourishing village, about midway between the University and the bridge. East Cambridge is of newer growth, and is very tlourishing place. a It is along the rivers is excellent. It the seat of the county courts, and produces wheat and other grain, is immediately connected with Bosbeef cattle, horses, and about 60,- ton by Canal bridge and the viaduct 000 sheep. There are some sul- of the Boston and Lowell rail-road, phur springs in this county ; lime- over Charles river. This town was stone and granite are abundant. incorporated by the name of New- Cajiitoi-itlge, ton in 1630. Me. It took the name of Cambridge in 1638. The first printing press in America was establish- Somerset co. In the year 1S37 the town had a population of 431, ed here, by Stephen Day, in 1639. and raised, the same year, 2,890 The first work printed was the bushels of wheat. See Barnard. " Freeman's Oath." In this town Me. are various and extensive manu- Cambridge, Coos CO., is K". H., an uninhabited town- ship, of 23,160 acres, granted 19, 1773, to Nathanier Rogers and others. It is bounded N. by the May township of Errol and Umbagog by the state of Maine, S. by Success and Milan, and W. by lake, E. Dummer. This tract has an une- ven surface, but might be advantageously cultivated. Several streams and fall into the Ameriscoggin, which passes through the N. W. part of the town. rise here, Caiifil>i*idg-e, Vt. Lamoille co. It lies 30 miles N. W. from Montpelier, and about 16 W. from Hydepark. Population, 1830, 1,613. First settled, 17,83. The Lamoille and other streams affoi-d this town a good water power. There is some good intervale in the town, but the land is rough, and chiefly valuable for grazing it feeds about 7,000 sheep. blacking, tin ware, chairs and cabinet ware, rail-road cars, chaises, coaches, and other carriages; iron axletrees, harnesses, organs, carpenters' tools, clothing, pumps and blocks, cigars, brass and britannia ware, bricks, ropes and twine, soap, brushes, varnish, confectionary, stamped and stained paper, stoves, sheet iron, glue, pocket books, and' m.edicine. The value of these manufactures the year ending April 1, 1837, amounted to $930,6G6. The' amount of glass, which is considered of admirable quality, exceed- ed $450,000. This tov/n may be divided into three parts Old Cambridge, the seat of the most ancient and best endowed college, in the LTnited States, is 3 miles from' : West Boston bridge, whirh Cambridge from Boston. divides Cam- is very Besides the buildings of the University, it contains" the United States' arsenal, other handsome public buildings, and many very elegant private residences. Pop.^1830, 1,072 1837, 7,631. See Re^/ater. ; about a mile co. Cambridge pleasant, although not so elevated as some of the neighboring towns. Mount Auburn Cambridge, Mass. Middlesex factories. They consist of glass, hats, leather, boots and shoes, shoe Cemetery, lies W. of the University, in the towns of Cambridge and Watertown. It contains about 100 acres of land, and is laid out with gravelled walks, and planted and embellished with all the varieties of trees, shrubbery, and flowers. Lots of ground, of 300 square feet. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. at suitable distances along the winding passages, are appropriated as family burial places, with the perpetual right to purchasers of enclosing, decorating, and using them for that purpose. Numerous monuments of exquisite workmanship are already erected, which add, if possible, to the melancholy grandeur of the scene. It is an enchanting spot ; a magnificent restThis cemeing place of the dead. tery was dedicated Sept. 24, 1831. We cannot deny ourselves the gratification of quoting a few lines from the descriptive part of Judge Story's admirable address on that — occasion. *' rural cemetery seems to combine in itself all the advantages which can be proposed to gratify human feelings, or tranquilize human fears; to secure the best religious influences, and to cherish all those associations which cast a cheerful light over the darkness of the grave. " And what spot can be more appropriate than this, for such a purpose ? Nature seems to point it out with significant energy, as the favorite retirement for the dead. There are around us all the vai'ied features of her beauty and grandeur the forest-crowned height the abrupt acclivity ; the sheltered valley; the deep glen; the grassy glade, and the silent grove. Here are the lofty oak, the beech, that ' wreaths its old fantastic roots so high,' the rustling pine, and the drooping willow, the tree, that sheds its pale leaves with every autumn, a fit emblem of our own and the evertransitory bloom green, with its perennial shoots, instructing us, that ' the wintry blast of death kills not the buds of virtue.' Here is the thick shrubbery, to protect and conceal the newmade grave ; and there is the wildflower creeping along the narrow path, and planting its seeds in the upturned earth. All around us A — — ; there breaths a solemn calm, as if we Avere in the bosom of a wilderness, broken only by the breeze aa it murmurs through the tops of the forest, or by the notes of the warb- pouring forth his matin or his evening song. " Ascend but a few steps, and what a change of scenery to surprise and delight us. We seem, as it were, in an instant, to pass from ler, the confines of death to the bright and balmy regions of life. Below us flows tke winding Charles, Avith its rippling current, like the stream of time hastening to the ocean of eternity. In the distance, the city, at once the object of our admiration and our love, rears its proud emi- — nences, its glittering spires, its lofty towers, its graceful mansions, its curling smoke, its crowded haunts of business and pleasure, which speak to the eye, and yet leave a noiseless loneliness on the ear. Again we turn, and the walls of our venerable University rise before us, with happy many a recollection passed there in the interchange of study and friendof daj-s many a grateful thought affluence of its learning, ship, and of the which has adorned and nourished literature of our country. turn, and the cultivated farm, the neat cottage, the village church, the spai-kling lake, the rich valley, and the distant hills, are before us through opening vistas ; and the Again we we breathe amidst the fresh and A'aried labors of "There man. therefore, within our reach, every variety of natural and artificial is, scenery, which is fitted to of the highest and awaken emotions most affecting character. We stand, as it were, upon the borders of two worlds and as the mood of our minds may be, v/e may gather lessons of profound wisdom by contrasting the one with the other, or indulge in the dreams of hope and ambition, or solace our hearts by melancholy meditations." ; �NEW ENGLAND Camden, Me. This sea-port is finely located for navigation, with two beautiful harbors, on tlie W. side of Penobscot bay, 10 miles N. from Thomaston, 17 S. from Belfast, and 40 E. S. E. from Augusta. Population, 1837, 2,991. this place has "Waldo CO. GAZETTEER. brook on the W. The land in the is generally good, and there is some good intervale. The high land is good for grazing. The forest trees are mostly deciduous. No white oak or pitch pine is found N. of the centre of the town. Iron ore of an inferior quality is found valleys The towns of engaged in the in some places. coasting trade and fisheries, and Campton and Rumney were both considerable ship building is carri- granted in Oct. 1761, to Capt. Jabez ed on but the principal business Spencer, of East Haddam, Conn., but he dying before a settlement is the manufacture of lime from inexhaustible quarries of marble, or was effected, his heirs, in conjunclime stone. About 200,000 casks tion with others, obtained a new The first of lime is annually shipped from charter, Jan. 5, 1767. this place to all parts of the United settlement was made in 1765, by States. This lime is noted for mak- two families of the names of Fox ing a cement of a superior quality. and Taylor. The proprietors held The Megunticook river waters a their first meeting Nov, 2, 1769, part of the town, and gives it a and the inhabitants theirs, Dec. 16, From the circumstance of great water power, which might 1771. be well applied to manufacturing the first proprietors building a ca?np purposes. From a mountain in the when they went to survey Camprear of the town a beautiful pros- ton and Rumney, this town derives In the revolutionary pect is presented of Penobscot bay its name. and its numerous islands. Camden war, this town, though in its infanis a pleasant retreat in summer cy, furnished nine or ten soldiers, i\ve of whom died in the service, months. and three were living in 1822. PopCamel's Bacic aioiiiatain, Vt. ulation, in 1830, 1,318. some navigation ; This most elevated summit of the Green mountains ton, 17 miles lies in Huuiing- W. from Montpehel-, 25 N. E. from Middlebury, and 20 S. E. from Burlington. It is 4,188 feet above the sea. Camptoii, W. H., Grafton co., Is bounded N. by Thornton, E. by Sandwich, S. by Holderness and Plymouth, W. by Rumney; is 50 miles from Concord, and 75 from Portsmouth. Its surface is broken and uneven, abounding with rocky ledges, and Canaan, Me. Somerset This town was first and incorporated in 1788. It formerly embraced the territory of Skowhegan and Bloomfield. It is a good farming town, and produced, in 1837, 5,444 bushels of wheat. It lies on the east side of Kennebec river, 13 miles E. from Norridgewock, and 34 N. from Auco. settled in 1774, gusta. Population, 1837, 1,347. Canaau, N. H. Grafton Bounded N. by which separates it from Dorchester, E. by Orange, S. by Enfield, and W. by Hanover, Dame's co. gore, having several mountainous tracts. Besides Pemigewasset river, running N. and S. through nearly the and is situated on the height of land centre of the town, it is watered by between the rivers Connecticut and Mad and Beebe's rivers, which fail Merrimack. It is 16 miles E. from into the Pemigewasset on the E., Dartmouth college, 30 S. E. from and by West Branch river and Bo<^ Haverhill, 25 S. W. from Plymouth, �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. and 40 N, W. from Concord. The only stream of consequence is the rises in the N.W. part of Dorchester, and after a meandering course of 8 or 10 miles, falls into Mascomy pond in Enfield. Indian stream river rises in the S. E. corner of Dorchester, and running about 8 miles, mingles with the waters of Mascomy, near the Mascomy, which centre of the town. Heart pond, so called from its figure, is situated in the centre of the town, and upon a swell of land so elevated that at a distance it presents the appearance of a sheet of water on a hill. It is about 500 rods in length and 200 in width, and the only natural cuiiosity of any note, is the mound, or bank of earth, which nearly surIt is from 4 to rounds this pond. 5 feet high, and from its uniforju height and regular construction would seem to be the work of art but from frequent annual observation, it is found to have been produced by the drifting of the ice when breaking up in the spring. there are Goose, Besides this, Clark's, Mud and Bear ponds. The land is not so broken as in some of There is but the adjoining towns. little not capable of cultivation. The soil is tolerably fertile, and produces wheat, rye, corn, flax, &c. Canaan was granted by charter, July 9, 1761, to 62 persons, all of whom except ten belonged to Connecticut. It derived its name from Canaan in that state. The first permanent settlement was made in the winter, in 1766 or 7, by John Scofield, who conveyed what effects he possessed the distance of 14 miles over a crust of snow upon a handsled. Among settlers, others of the first were George Harris, Tho- mas Miner, Joshua Harris, and Samuel Jones. The first proprietors' meeting was held July 19, 1768. Population, in 1830, 1,428. Canaau, Vt. Essex CO. Bounded N. by Can- 7* ada, and E. by Stewartstown, N, 31 miles N. from Guildhall, and 112 N. E. from Montpelier. First settled, 1785. Population, The land in this town 1830, 373. H. ; broken and cold. Leed's pond produces an abundance of fish. Canaan produces more fish than is grain. Canaan, Ct. First settled in Litchfield CO. 1738. Incorporated, 1739. Canaan lies 41 miles N. W. from Hartford, and IS N. N. W. from Litchfield. Population, 1830, 2,301. The town lies on the E. side of Housatonick river, opposite to Salisbury. ledge of limestone rocks crosses the river at this place, about 30 rods in length, causing a perpendicular fall The river is rapid, both of 60 feet. above and below this beautiful cataract. The whole descent of the A Canaan, is about 130 feet, " nobly arranged and distributed, and comprehending a remarkable variety of beauty and grandeur." The township is mountainous, with river, in some arable land along the streams About 4,000 sheep are kept hei-e. This section of country is noted for its excellent mutton. Limestone and iron ore are abundant the latter is of a very fine qualit^^ Iron works, on an extensive scale, are established here a satinet factory and other machinery. ; ; Canals in Ne^v flugland* See Register. Candia, N. H.) Rockingham co.. Was detached from the N. part of Chester and incorporated, 1763. The soil is naturally hard of cultivation but the industry of the inhabitants has made it fruitful. It was originally covered with a thick growth of oak, ash, maple, birch, &c. The site of this town is elevated, and commands an extensive view of the rich scenery of the adjacent country the ; — �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. White Hills, the Wachusett, and other mountains, the lights on Plum island, and the ocean being visible. In the W. part of the town is a ridge of land extending from N. to S., which is the highest elevation between JMerrimack river and the ocean. On the E. side of this ridge, two branches of Lamprey river take their rise. Cantlia lies 15 miles from Concord. This town among others contributed largely to the attainment of independence and the names of 69 soldiers of the revolution are found on its records. The inhabitants are mostly industrious farmers, many of whom are wealthy. Population, 1830, 1,362. ; Canterbury, N. H. Merrimack co. Canterbury, though an uneven township, is not mountainous. The soil is generally good the more uneven parts af; fording excellent pasturage. There are no large streams in this town but several ponds give rise to smaller streams, furnishing good mill sites, and near which are cut great quantities of hay. Two bridges over the Merrimack connect this town with Eoscawen. The town was settled about 1727, and for a long time the inhabitants were exposed to the inroads of the savages. The husbandman cleared and tilled his land under the protection of a guard, uncertain whether the seed he committed to the ground might not be watered by his blood, or that of an enemy. Canterbury lies 8 miles N. from Concord. Population, 1836, 16G3. The Hon. Ariel. Foster deserves a particular notice. He possessed in a great degree the esteem and confidence of the people ; and soon after he left the pastoral care of the church, he was called to arduous duties as a magistrate and In 1783, he was elected legislator. and for three years to Congress was a member of that body under tho old cunfederation. He was suc; cessively returned a member for all the time until 1804; when he retired to private life and nearly domestic traquillity. He was an ardent lover of his country, and faithfully served his constituents— by whom his memory will long be cherished. He died in Feb., 1806. Canterbury, from its elevated situation, lias ever been a healthy town. In the S. E. part of this town, on an elevated and beautiful site, is the village of the "Shakers." At present it consists of more than two hundred members. They have a meeting-house open at all times of public worship, where any discreet and decent spectator is allowed to attend. They have a " Trustees' Office," where all their public business is transacted, and where strangez's are at first received on their visits to the society. They have also neat dweliing-houses, of two and three stoiies, and several workshops both for men and women. Their mills and various kinds of machinery are moved by water on an artificial stream. They manufacture many articles for sale, which are remarkable for neatness and durability. Their gardens are perhaps the most productive of any in the country ; and indeed all their improved lands exhibit the pleasing eflects of industry and rural economy. They cultivate garden seeds and take much pains to propagate those of the best kind. They occupy more than 1,500 acres of land, lying principally in a body, which they have consecrated to the Lord,' and which they enjoy They cheerfully pay in common. their proportion of public taxes, and share all the burthens of government, except the bearing of arms, which they deem to be contrary to the gospel ; and in return they claim from government only that protection and support guarantied to other citizens. The income of their manufactures, together with their agricultural products. ' �NE W ENGLAND GAZETTEER. yields their temporal support and ; possessed ot what they become more than is necessary to their wants, they devote to charitable purposes, agreeably to their church It should be mentioned covenant. practice highly creditable as a sect, that the of their societies never to this It lies on Population, 1837, 827. both sides of the Androscoggin rivAuer, 32 miles W. N. W. from gusta, and 24 N. E. from Paris. Canton produced, in 1837, 3,114 bushels of wheat. Canton, Mass. members make use Norfolk CO. Neponset river and several large ponds give this town It lies 15 a great water power. S. miles S. W. from Boston, and -5 by E. from Dedham. Incorporated, Another Population, 1830, 1,517; trust- 1797. imitation i.^, they refuse to be manufactures of sum. They 1837, 2,185. The ed even in the smallest of Canton' the year ending 1st with transact their secular concerns amounted to $695,they April, 1837, great uprightness ; and though They consisted of cotton and 180. may have suffered reproach from woolen goods, shoes, palm-leaf hats, mantheir singularity of life and thread, candlefor copper, wicking, ners,they have become a proverb trying sticks, hoes, iron castings, industry, justice and benevolence. " shapes." The bells account of the re- squares, and For a particular place are of singular peo- manufactured at this lio-ious tenets of this This metal and sound. and Sta- superior pfe, see Religious Creeds the place is easily approached from tistics. Provicapital by the Boston and The viaduct, or*. Canterbury, Ct. dence rail-road. this place, settlers bridge, on that road at Windham co. The first the company about $80,000. from cost'' of this town were principally 600 of massive hewn granite, Dorchester, Mass. and its neighbor- It is above the the feet in length ; 63 feet They came here about hood. sucfoundation, on 6 arches, with a year 1690. The soil of the town is It is an fertile cession of arches at top. a gravelly loam, generally piece of workmanship. It lies 40 miles admirable and productive. in cases of of ardent spirits, except being aware of the evils sickness, intemperance brings upon society. practice not unworthy of S E. by S. from Hartford, and 6 Population, 1830, from Brooklyn. The Quinnebaug is here 1,SS1. It a'large and beautiful stream. annually overflows its banks, and borfertilizes a large tract upon its Bates' ders. There is fine ti shin g in Considerable excitement pond. manifested itself in this town, in 1832, in consequence of a Miss Crandall proposing to open a school for the instruction of " Young la- misses of color.''— Although no one seemed to question the purity of Miss Crandall's mothe tives, yet the people doubted dies and little expediency of the measure. Cautoii, Me. Oxford CO. Incorporated, 1821. Canton, Ct. Hartford co. First settled, 1740. Population, Incorporated, 1806. CoUinsville is the 1830, 1,437. at principal village in the town, which a large amount of axes, of a superior quality, are annually made. 16 miles N. W. by W. from Hartford, and 16 N. E. from Litcha beaufield. This village presents a noble tiful appearance, and is specimen of individual enterprize. The soil of Canton is coarse and It lies Farmstony, and the surface hilly. river passes through its S. ington W. corner. Carlisle, Mass. Middlesex co. This town lies �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. 20 miles N. W. f,om Boston, and 5 Concord. Incorporated, some of the best harbors ih the world. It is said that Casco bay 1837, 596. It contains as many islands as IS bounded S. E. by there Concord river. are days in the year ; however 1 his IS a poor town, and its manumay be, we know that they that lactures are very triflino-. are ^evy numerous, some very lar^e fertile, and well Carmel, Me. cultivated; and that a survey of them from the hiffh Penobscot co. Population, 1837 grounds in Portland, Falmouth, ""^ '''^^^^' «^"^« year,' (.umberland, or Yarmouth, afford* iSon K 1,890 bushels. a 71 miles from Autreat of island and ocean gusta. ii\r^ Population, 1805. rJ^ See Sowadabscook Stream Carroll, . ^ ing ]V. Castiiie, base of the White Moun- on the N. W., having Jefferson and Whitelield N., Whitefield and Bethlehem W.,and the un-ranted lands, and Nash and Sawyer's Location on the S. It was granted Feb. 8, 1772, to Sir Thomas Wentworth, Bart., Rev. Samuel Lana-don and 81 others. Its surface is uneven and its appearance dreary.— tains, Population, in 1S30, 108. Cartilage, Me. Franklin co. Incorporated, 1826 Population, 1837, 455. 46 miles |rom Augusta, and 73 from Port land. See Barnard, Me. Carver, Mass. Plymouth transcendent beauty. H. township in Coos county, ly- at the scenery ot Hancock name Irom Me. co. Castine derived its a French baron of that name, who resided here upwards of twenty years after 1667. This peninsula, jutting out into Belfast hay, at the mouth of Penobscot nver, was formerly called "Major Biguyduce," duce The pronounced, J^agapeninsula embraces 2,o00 acres of land, and was first settled by the English, in 1760 The British occupied this place in both ot the wars with the U. S It was the shire, or chief town, of the county from 1789 to 1838, when the courts were removed to Ellsworth. Castine possesses an excellent maritime position, but its trade Irom the country is limited, being cut off by the more inland towns however, is considerable. Ihe lumber and coasting Tn^^^Jo trade, with the fisheries, give active and 8 S. W. by S. from emPlymouth. ployment to its people. Ihere are a number of 78 miles pleasant i^. Irom Augusta, and about 25 S. ponds in this town. The soil is not W. from Ellsworth. very productive. Population ' The manufac 1830,l,li55; CO. ^^^^- Setoff from PlvPopulation, 1837, tures of Carver consist of iron cast ings, boots, shoes, boxes, and wil- Wbaske.,; annual amount abou, Casco Bay, Me. This the is one of the finest bays on American coast. Its western boundary is Cape Elizabeth; its eastern. Cape Small Point. The distance between those capes is about 20 miles. Its indentation not exceed 15 miles. Within does it are Its trade, 1837, 1,168.^ Castleton, Vt. Rutland, CO. This is a flourishing town, watered by a river of the same name; 11 miles W. from Rutland, 72 S. W. from Montpelier. and 14 E. from Whitehall. Populahon, 1830, 1,783. First settled, 17/0. The surface of the town is rough and hilly, but there is some rich land. It feeds about 9,000 sheep. Mill shrTiH)'! abound in Castleton, on which are a woolen �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. «nd other manufacturing establishments. Lake Bombazine, 7 miles settlements were made by Ebenezer Chamberlain, in 1765, and PopCol. Joseph Senter, in 1767. first chiefin len2;th and 2 in breadth, is It is stored with in this town. ly cenfish, and has an island near its The vilof exquisite beauty. lage of Castleton is elevated, neatly built, and presents a great variety of rich and beautiful scenery. ulation, in 1830, 577. Ciiaiiiplain. Ijake. ti-e Cavendisli, Vt. "Windsor co. There are two flourishing villages in Cavendish, Button's village and Proctorsville. It Twenis watered by Black river and good ty Mile Stream, which afford a hydrauUc power. Here are in op- is tenden, Addison, and a part of Rutland, in the state of Vermont, lie on the E. At the N. it extends a few miles into Lower Canada, and receives the waters of Pike river. Lawrence It discharges into the St. by the Richelieu, Sorcl, or Chambly excellent; the high land is good, but best adapted to grazing. Here are about 6,000 sheep. The channel of Black river, at the falls, has been worn down 100 feet. The effects of the water, at this place, soil is town from Balti- ulation, 1830, 1,498. Centre-Harljor, is IV. H., pleasantly situa- and ted between Winnepisiogee Squam lakes distant from Concord, Boston 39 miles, Portsmouth 60, this 104. Measley pond is partly in Squam lake furnishes fine town. valutrout, and has several islands The soil is very able for grazing. Centre good, mostly a rich loam. ; a dehghtful resting place, during the warm season, of tourists, and the to the White Mountains, great resort of those, visiting the Winnepisiogee lake and the great Harbor is Among river. its tributaries from are the Missisque, LamOnion, Otter, and Pawlet rivoille, Vermont New York it receives From the waters of the Chazy, Saranac, Sable, Bouquet, and Wood rivers, and of Lake George. Its length is about 130 miles its breadth varies ers. : average breadth It abounds with about 3 miles. salmon, trout, pickerel and other It is navigable for vessels fish. of 90 tons burthen, and splendid steamboats are continually plying, in the season of navigation, from Whitehall, along its beautiful shores, to St. John's in Canada.— This lake contains about 60 islands, splendid sceneis remarkable for its and ry, and renowned in ancient modern stories for its scenes of warLake Chamlike achievements. buis a great resort, both for plain Hawk's moun- from more. Cavendish, in common with most of the towns in Vermont, presents a great variety of mountain scenery. It lies 10 miles S. W. from Windsor, and 60 S. from MontPopFirst settled, 1769. pelier. Strafford co., New York and Vermont. Vermont embraces about two thirds of its surNew York is on the W. side, face. and the counties of Frankhn, Chit- eration 4 large woolen factories, iron works, manufactures of tin, and many other branches of meAlong the streams the chanics. are very curious. tain separates this This delightful expanse of water the boundary line between 1 to 12 miles : siness and pleasure. In the Register, under Burlingmay be found some notes for ton, travellers. Cliaplin, Ct. Windham co. Taken from MansHampton and Windham, in field, It is watered by Natchaug which passes nearly through The town is small, but the adjoining its centre. The the soil is good, and populated by natural curiosities in town of Moultonborough. 1832. river, �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. industrious farmers, who, by their practice of keeping a large number of sheep, seem to be convinced of the fact that wool is one of the most important staples of England. It lies 10 miles W. by N. from Brooklyn, and 30 E. by N. from Hartford. bushels. Cliia-rlestoii, New Cliai'lemosit, Mass. Franklin co. Deerfield river meanders through this town, and 2;ives !t a good water power. Garrisons were erected here in 1754, against the savage French and Indians. Their remains are now visible. Incorporated, 1765. Population, 1837, 994. It lies 110 miles W. N. W. from Boston, and 14 W. by N. from Greenfield. Although this is a mountainous township, it contains much valuable land. It maintains about 5,000 merino and other sheep. Its manufactures consist of boots, shoes, leather, iron castings, axes, hoes, palm-leaf hats, saddlery, scythe snaiths, and lather boxes. Cliarles Rivers. Charles river, in Massachusetts, the Quinobequin of the Indians. This river rises on the borders of Hopkinton and Milford, and after is meandering through Bellingham, Medfield, Sher- Franklin, Medway, burne, Dover, Dedham, Needham, Natick, Newton, Waltham and Watcrtown, it meets the tide waters, and forms a part of Boston harbor. It is navigable to Watertown, 7 miles W. from Boston. Charles river, in R. I., has its source in Warden's pond, in South Kingston, and empties into the Pawcatuck, at Westerly. Incorporated, 18.11. Pop- ulation, 1837, 1,140. Vt. Echo pond, the Orleans co. out- Seymour, waters this town. Lake Seymour is a large slieet of water, and passes N. into of lake let Memphremagog. Charleston about 35 miles N.E. from Hydepark, 55 N. N. E. from Montpelier, and 15 S. of Canada line. Population, 1830, 564. lake lies Cliarlesto-vyja, N. H., Sullivan co., is situated on Connecticut river, 51 miles from Concord, 100 from Boston, 100 from Albany, 110 from Hartford, Conn., and 13 miles from Windsor, Vt. The only rivers in Charlestown are the Connecticut and Little Sugar rivers. In the former, there are three islands within the limits of this town, the largest of which contains about ten acres, and is called Sartwell's island. The others contain about six acres each, and have a rich loamy soil. Sartwell's is under a high cultivation There are no falls in this river within the limits of Charlestown which island interrupt the boat navigation, al- though some is experienced little inconvenience low water from what are called " Sugar river bars." Little Sugar river waters the north part of Charlestown, and empties into Connecticut river about two in miles south of the S. line of Claremont. This town has but few factory or mill is extremely privileges. various. The soil West of the great road leading from Walpole to Claremont, are not less than 1,500 acres of fine intervale land, Cliarlcston, Me. generally of a deep, rich and loamy Penobscot co. At the source of soil, and favorable for the culture Pushawlake. Bounded W. by Gar- and growth of most of the various land. It lies 25 miles S. W. from kinds of grass and grain. In the Belfast, and 73 N. W. from Augus- E. and N. E. parts of the town, the ta. This township is fine wheat soil of the upland is good the natland ; it yielded, in 1S37, 7,606 ural growth of wood, consisting — �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Indians were at peace but a small From their portion of that time. infancy, the settlers had been lamiliar with danger, and had acquirparts stony, land, east of the river to posteralmost the whole ed a hardihood unknown road, extending When they attended pubUc ity. is length of the town, and which worship, or cultivated their lands, considered unfit for settlements. prepared town appears they sallied from the fort The south part of the of beech, birch, oak, and hemlock. There is a maple ridge of hard, broken, and in some principally have a to diiferentsoil, and is favor- for battle, and worshipped or labor- ed under the protection of a sentiable for yielding the lighter grains. In their warfare, the Indians parishes, nel. Charlestown contains two prisoners to scalps, and are divided by a line run- preferred which those who atbridge S. 87=' few were killed but ning from Cheshire tempted to escape, or appeared too and E., to the corner of Ac worth formidable to be encountered with Unity. In the south parish, there The first child born in delightfully success. is a handsome village, Charlestown was Ehzabeth, the at the distance of about situated, daughter of Isaac Parker. She was half a mile from Connecticut river, born 1744, and died in 1806.— and parallel with it. In the north favored with meeting-house and a Charlestown has been parish is a a number of eminent men, only Cheshire bridge, small village. about 2 miles N. of the S. meetinghouse, connects this town with From this bridge Springfield, Vt. Cheshire turnpike leads southerly the through principal village, to Keene. Charlestown was granted by Massachusetts, Dec. 31, 17.35, by is the name of J\''iunber 4, sometimes applied to it which at the present day. On the 2d July, 1753, No. 4 was incorporated by the name of Charlestown. The charter was granted by Gov. Benning Vv'entworth to Joseph Wells, Phinehas Stevens and others, v/ho were purchasers under the old grantees. In 1754,the French war commenced and the inhabitants were obhged to take up their residence in the fort. The first settlers of Charlestown, like the first inhabitants of almost every frontier — New England, were, prior savage cruFor twenty years after the elty. on first settlement, their neighbors the N. were the French in Canada, on tlie W. the Dutch, near the Hudson, on the E. the settlements on Merrimack river, and on the S. fev/ were found until arrived at Norlhfield, in Massachusetts, a distance cS more than 40 miles. The town in to 1760, the victims of one of which we have room to men- Capt. Phinehas Stevens one of the first settlers. The was town when in its infancy was pro- tion. He was tected by his intrepidity. a native of Sudbury, Mass., from whence his father removed to RutAt the age of 16, while his land. father was making hay, he, with three little brothers, followed him meadows. They were ambushed bv the Indians, who killed to the of his brothers, took him prisoner, and were preparing to kill his younaest brother, a child four years Indians, old. "He, by signs to the tvv^o made them understand if they would spare him, he would carry him on his back— and he carried him to Canada. They v/ere redeemed and both returned. He received several commissions from Gov. Shirley, and rendered important services in protecting the frontiers. In 1747, when Charlestown was abandoned by the inhabitants, he was ordered to occupy the fort with SO men. On the 4th of April, he was attacked by 400 French and Indians, under Mens. Debeline. The Indian assault lasted three days. stratagem and French skill, with combustible fire applied to every . �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. about the fort, had not the desired of leather, was $390,000. The ar The heroic band were not tides manufactui-ed appaJled. They refused to capitu- lows: soap, candles, were as folboots, shoes, late. At length an interview be- hats, morocco, chairs, cabinet ware, tween the commanders took place. vessels, combs, tin ware, and spirits. The Frenchman shewed his forces, and described the horrid massacre' The United States' JVavy Yard - elTect. that must ensue unless the surrendered. "My afraid to die," w^as the men fort was are not answer made was first established in this town about the year 1798. The yard is situated on the N. side of Charles river, on a plot of ground of about 60 acres. It is enclosed by a high wall of durable masonry, and contains several ware-houses, dwelling-houses for the officers, and a large amount of naval stores, live oak and other timber. It also contains three large ship-houses, in which are the Vermont and Carolina of 74, and the Cumberland frigate of 44 guns. These ships can be launched and ready for sea by Capt. Stevens. The attack continued with Increased fury until tlie end of the third day, when the enemy returned to Canada, and left Capt. Stevens in possession of the fort. Capt. Stevens, for his gallantry on this occ-asion, was presented by Sir Charles Knowles with an elegant sword; and from this circumstance the township, when it was incorporated, in 1753, took the name of Charlestown. Population, in 1830, 1,778. in a very short time. The dry dock at this place is of Cliarlestown, Mass. hewn granite, and of unrivalled Middlesex co. The Indian name masonry. It is 341 feet in length, of this town v/as Mishaimm. First SO in width, and SO in depth.* It settled, 1628. Incorporated, 1629. cost $670,089. This dock was comPopulation, 1820, 6,591 1830, pleted and received the Constitu8,787; 1837,10,101. Charlestown tion on the 24th of June, 1833.— is a peninsula, formed by Charles Connected with this establishment and Mystic rivers, and is united are a naval hospital and magazine, to Boston by Charles and Warren at Chelsea, and a large ropewalk in bridges. It is also united to Boston the yard ; other additions are conas a port of entry, and in its various templated. This is considered one commercial and manufacturing pur- of the best naval depots in the Unisuits. This town is noted for its ted States. sacrifices in the cause of liberty and its soil will ever be dear to the McLean Asylmn. This estabpatriot's bosom. The town is not lishment is located on a beautiful so regularly laid out as Philadelrise of ground, in Charlestown, near phia, yet it is neatly built, and conEast Cambridge, and about a mile tains many elegant public and priand a half from the City Flail, in vate edifices. The streets are wide Boston. The buildings are large, and airy, and many of them have and exceedingly well adapted " to recently been planted with trees their philanthropic design. They for shade. Considerable shipping cost about $186,000. This House is owned here, engaged in foreign was opened for patients on the 6th and domestic commerce. The an- of October, 1818. nual value of the cod and mackerel Belonging to, and surrounding fisheries is about $40,000. The tins Asylum, are about 15 acres of value of the manufactures, in laud, appropriated to courts and garCharlestown, the year en-Ung April dens. These are laid out wilh grav1, 1837, exclusive of a large amount elled walks. The former are furnish; �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. summer houses, and the the vocal and instrumental music ornamented with groves of the occasion a part of this numof fruit and ornamental trees, shrub- ber also attend church on the Sabbery and tlowers. Surrounding the bath, in company with the nurses lower garden and within the enclo- and attendants, and dine with the ed with latter are sure, is tients ; a carriage path, where pataken to ride. In the are centre is a small fresh water pond, containing several hundred gold and silver tish, and immediately contiguous is a summer house, where the patients at times resort for games and amusements. The system of moral treatment adopted and pursued, is founded upon principles of elevated benevolence and philanthropy, and an acquaintance with hunian nature and the capabilities and wants of the The previous tastes, habinsane: its and pursuits, and the present inclinations and feelings of each individual, are habitually consulted. library for the use of the patients has been purchased, and those of them who are disposed to read, are permitted at stated periods to send in their names and the number of the book desired ; the list is examined and approved by the physician, and the books are distributed by the In the same way, writlibrarian. ing materials are distributed, and patients are engaged in keeping journals writing sketches of their A lives — — poetry — addressing letters to Some their friends, drawing, &c. engage in games, as bowling throwing the ring battledore grachess ces ^jumping the rope draughts back gammon, &c., or are occupied in walking and riding into the country, or in making lishing excursions in the company of their attendants ; while others are working on the farm and in the garden. The female patients, besides being employed in various kinds of needle and ornamental work, are engaged in various do- — — — —— mestic labors. The quiet and convalescent patients regularly attend the religious exercises of the family, and a portion of them join in family. A regulated intercourse with the family and society is regarded as an important auxiliary in the means of cure, and on suitable occasions they are invited into the house, where parties are made for their special amusement and benefit. John" McLlean, Esq., late of Boston, an eminent merchant, bequeathed a large amount of property to this institution ; hence its name. Bunker Hill Monument. On the 17th of June, 1825, the corner stone of an Obelisk was laid on the heights in this town, by the illustrious La Fayette, to commemorate the battle between the Americans and British on the 17th of June, 1775. In 449 Americans and were slain. Charlestown was bui-nt by the British the same day. The site of the Monument is 62 feet above t4ie level of that battle, 1,055 Britons the sea. It is of hewn granite, and, when completed, will be 30 feet square at the base, 15 feet square at the top, and 220 feet in height. It is now raised about 60 and will probably be completed in one or two years. The cost of it will be about $100,000. feet, The State Prison. This instituwas founded in 1800, and soon tion located on a point of land in town, near East Cambridge, and which is connected with Canal after this bridge by a lateral bridge of 1,820 feet in length. After having struggled with manj' and great difficulties attendant on the establishment of an institution so entirely new, the state, by the agency of suitable men, have so placed it as to effect all the objects proposed, without any expense to the commonwealth. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Cliarlestown, R. Washington i. Charlestown lies on the sea, opposite to Block Ishind. co. has five large ponds, which cover an area of 7 square miles.— It Charlestown and Conaquetogue ponds are salt water, and Posquissett,Watchaug and Cochumpaug are fresh water. These waters afford a great variety of sea, the land rior of the is fish. Near the is growth of wood. romantic appearance. Cliarltott, Worcester co. Charlton was set from Oxford, 1754. It lies 53 miles S. W. from Boston, and 12 W. N. W. from Worcester. Population, 1837, 2,469. There is a cotton mill in this town, and some This town con- manufactures of leather and shoes. more fit dreaded Naraganset Indians. They possessed a considerable tract of land in this town, but owing to a dislike to agricultural pursuits, and by intermarriages with the whites and negroes, their race as a distinct people has long since become extinct. Charles river passea through the town, and gives it mill privileges. Charlestown lies about 8 miles W. S. W. from South Kingston, and 40 S. W. from Providence. Population, 1830, 1,284. Cliarlotte, Me. Washington co. Incorporated, 1825. Population, 1837,612. About 25 miles N. W. from Machias, and 184 E. by N. from Augusta. Charlotte contains a pond, the waters of which pass through Dennysville Cliatliam, N. H., Strafford co., E. side of the Cliarlotte, a pleasant "Vt. town, in Chit- county, on lake Chamand opposite to Essex, N. Y. In Essex, about 3 miles across the lake, is Split Hock, a great natural curiosity. Charlotte lies 49 plain, miles W. of Montpelier, 11 S. of Burlington and 21 N. W. of Middlebury. part of this town gradually slopes toward the lake, and is very productive. Its trade is chiefly with Canada. From the principal village, " The Four Cor- A is situated on the White Mountains, and adjoining the line which divides this state from Maine. It has Con- way on the S., Bartlett and Jackson on the W., Mount Royse on the N. Chatham was granted to Peter Livius and others, Feb. 7, 1767. There are several ponds in Chatham, and some considerable streams. The surface is mountainous and rocky, and can never sustain a great population. Betv/een Chatham and Jackson, Carter's mountain rises so high as to prevent the opening a road between the two towns so that in holding an intercourse with the rest of the county, ; the inhabitants are obliged to pass through part of the state of Maine. Population, in 1830, 419. and empty in Cobscook bay. is Mass. off tains the graves of the remnant of the tribe of the once powerful and This tenden Population, in 1830, 1,702. for the arable, but the inte- town ners,'^ the lake, and the mountains that skirt its borders, present a very CliatJiam, Mass., Barnstable co., lies on the elbow of Cape Cod, south side. Pleasant bay, inside of Chatham beach, forms a good harbor. Chatham is 20 miles E. from Barnstable, and 32 S. S. E. from Pit)vincetown. Incorporated, 1712. Population, 1837, 2,271. The value of the cod and mackerel fisheries, for the year ending April 1, 1837, was $'56,100; value of salt made, $8,220; value of boots and shoes made' — — $1,500. this place, men There are, belonging to sail of fisher- about 20 and 30 coasters. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. covered Cliatliani, Ct. earth. Middlesex co. The township of Chatham embraces Chatham par- feet of as many twelve hands have been sometimes Vessels come to this employed. and the above quarry, and load from The bed of stone in the bank. which these and the smaller openings in the neighborhood have been made is immense, and lies at different depths from the surface in difIt has been discovferent places. ered in sinking wells, for half a mile in northern and southern directions, and has been opened at a (formerly East Middletown,) the greater part of Middle Haddam parish, the parish of East Hampton and a part af the parish of West It lies 16 miles S. from Chester. Hartford, and opposite to Middletown, from which it was taken in Population, 1830, 3,646. 1767. ish, is watered by Salmon and Pine brooks and several ponds. Chatham about 2 miles in circumference, has no outlet. It rises and falls about 15 feet. It rises for six or twelve months, and then falls It is highabout the same period. Job's pond, est in the driest season of the year, and lowest when there is most rain. with about ten In this opening as j greater distance eastward. Whereever found, the stone possesses the same general properties, but varies, like the freestone in Middletown, in the fineness of its texture." Clielmsford) Mass. 60 feet deep. ChatMiddlesex co. On the south side for its valuable quarham of Merrimack river, and connect" For forty years ries of freestone. ed with Dracut by a bridge. past it has been extensively improvIncorporated, settled, 1753. depth of First ed, and the stone, to the Population, 1837, 1,613. It 1655. thirty feet from the surface, are now lies 25 miles N. W. from Boston, removed over an area of an acre and 4 S. W. from Lowell. Chelmsand a half, back from the river. ford abounds in limestone and granThe stone in this quarry is covered ite ; considerable of the latter is in some places with four or five transported to Boston by the Midfeet of earth, and in others with dlesex canal, which passes through four or five feet more of shelly rock. The manufactures of the town. lies in It is not perfectly solid, but this town, during the year ending blocks, eight or ten feet thick, and April 1, 1837, amounted to about It is from 40 is noted to and sixty feet long. The seams $100,000 ;— principally of glass and and joints facilitate the process of ironremoving these from their beds; Chelsea, Vt. they are reducand when removed, ed by the wedge and chisel to any County town of Orange county. In size or form which is wished. Chelsea is a hands have been First settled, 1785. this quarry thirty pleasemployed for several years, eight township of good land, with a is wathe year, and from four ant village in the centre. It months in by the head branches of White to six teams. The quantity of stone tered hydraulic powprepared for market, and sold to the river and has a good Its manufactures consist of and the neigh- er. inhabitants of this leather, iron, &c. boring towns, and exported to dis- cassimere, satinet, all the various tant parts of the country, has been Chelsea produces yielded a hand- commodities common to the climate, very great; and has It lies Fifty rods south of and feeds about 6,000 sheep. some profit. quarry an opening was made 20 miles S. by E. from Montpelier. this fifty about 1783, half an acre. now spreading Here the over stone is Population, 1830, 1,958. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Chelsea, Mass. Suffolk CO. This town was for- merly a ward of Boston. Incorporated, 173S. Population, 1837, The centre of the town lies 1,659. from Boston about 3 miles N. E., across Charles river, and 3 miles E. of Charlestown. The manufactures of Chelsea consist of upholstery, stone ware, snuff, segars, wood and copper engravings, carriages, bricks, vessels, salt, boots, shoes, &c. ; annual value, about — $90,000. The United States Marine Hospital in this town, is on a large plot of ground, in a delightful and airy situation, and affords a comfortable retreat for sick and disabled seamen. Point Shirley, extending southeasterly, forms the northern "part of Boston harbor. Winnesimet Ferry, leading from the foot of Hanover street, in Boiton, to this town, is probably the oldest establishment of the kind in America. The first grant was setts, and W. by Vermont. This county contains 727 square miles. Throughout the whole extent on the west, it is watered by the Connecticut, the western bank of which forms the boundary line between New Hampshire and Vermont. Ashuelot river is a considerable stream, and is tributary to Connecticut river. It has its source from a pond in Washington, and after receiving two branches in Keene and Swanzey, and several smaller streams in Winchester, empties iu'o Connecticut river at Hinsdale. Spafford's Lake, a beautiful collec- tion of water, of about 8 mile? in circumference, is situated in Ches- There terfield. is a pleasant island in the lake, containing about eio-ht acres. The Grand Monadnock^in Dublin and Jafficy, is the highest mountain, its attitude having been repeatedly found to be more than 3,000 feet above the level of the sea. Bellows' Falls' in Connecticut river, at Walpole, have been given to Thomas Williams, in 1631. regarded as one of the greatest natThe distance across Charles river is ural curiosities in this county. about a mile and a half. Neat and The earliest settlement in this commodious steam-boats are con- county was made about the year tinually running across this delight- 1732, at Hinsdale, then a part of ful stream, making the Winnesi- Northfield, and under the governmet of the Indians the Hoboken of ment of Massachusetts. The counBoston. ty was formed March 19, 1771, and it probably received its name from Clierryfield, Me. Cheshire, one of the western counWashington co. At the head of ties in England. The population tide water, on both sides of Narra- of Cheshire county in 1790, was guagus river, with a handsome vil- 19,665, in 1800, 24,288, in 1810, lage, and considerable trade. Incor- 24,673, in 1820, porated, 1815. Population, 1837, 1,000. 116 miles E. by N. from Augusta, and about 35 Machias. Clieslxire W. from County, N. H. Cheshire is one of the western counties in this state. Its length is 31 miles its greatest breadth 26 miles and its least breadth 15. It is bounded N. by the county of Sullivan, E. by Hillsborough county, S. by the state of Massachu: : 26,843, in 1830, 27,016. It has 22 towns :— 39 inhabitants to a square mile. Keene, the chief town, is nearly in the centre of the county, and lies in N. lat. 42° 57'. Cliesliire, Mass. Berkshire co. Cheshire has rendered itself worthy of its name by its production of cheese of fine flavor and quality. In 1801, the good people of this place sent a cheese to Mr. Jefferson, weighing about �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. 1200 pounds. The value of wool, the growth of 1836, sold for $5,522. The Hoosack river passes through the town. Although a mountainous township, the soil has been rendered productive by the industry It has some manuof the people. 125 factures of leather and shoes. miles W. N. W. from Boston, and 16 N. by E. from Lenox. Population, 1837, 924. Incorporated, 1793. CliesliLre , Ct. New Haven co. Taken from Wallingford in 1780. It lies 14 miles N. from New Haven, and 25 Population, S. E. from Hartford. The Quinnipiac river 1880, 1,780. and Farmington canal pass through Cheshire has an unthe town. even, but good soil, with a very pleasant village, and an Episcopal academy, 54 by 34 feet; a brick building of considerable taste. Agriculture is the chief occupation of — the inhabitants. Cbester, Me. none in the state. There are several large and valuable meadows. In this town are two caves, sometimes visited by strangers. That which was earliest noticed, Mine hill, near the situated in east side of is Massabesick pond. The entrance about 5 feet high and 2 1-2 wide. The cavern extends into the hill, in a northern direction, about 80 feet, of sufficient dimensions to admit a person to pass. Its form is very irregular, and its height and breadth various, from 2 to 12 feet. The other is in the westerly side of Rattlesnake hill, in the S. W. part of the town, in a ledge of coarse granite, It has two nearly 40 feet high. entrances. The north entrance is about 11 feet high and 4 broad. Native sulphur is found in this town in small quantities, imbedded in Granite and gneiss are tremolite. the prevailing rocks, and handsome specimens of graphic granite are The village in sometimes found. this town is pleasant, and stands chiefly on a long street. It is the is Penobscot CO, Incorporated, 1834. Population, 1837, 323. See Bar- principal place of business in this part of the county, and is situated nard, Me. on an elevated rise, commanding one of the most extensive prospects From this hill, in New England. the ocean, though more than 20 Chester, X. H., Rockingham co., is 17 miles W. S. W. from Exeter, 30 W. S. W. from Portsmouth, 17 N. W. from Haverhill, and 23 S. E. from Concord. A branch of Exeter river, called "The Branch," flows through the E. part of Chester, beside which there is no stream deserving menMassabesick pond is the largtion. est body of fresh water in the county, and contains about 1,500 acres. N. The line between Manchester passes town and more than 2 this miles through the westerly part of The Indians had a setthis pond. tlement of 10 or 12 wigwams on an island in this pond, vestiges of it is said, may still be seen, considerable portion of the town possesses a good soil, and many of the large swells yield in fertility to which, A 8* miles distant, may, in a clear day, Population, be distinctly seen. 1830,2,039. Incorporated, 1722. Cliester, Vt. Windsor First settled, 1764. Population, 1830, 2,320. Three considerable streams form William's river and give Chester a good water power. The land is uneven, but fertile and productive. This is a very pleasant town, with two handsome villages, manufactures of various kinds, and about 10,000 sheep. This is a great thoroughfare for travellers from the eastern part of New England to the Hudson river, near Troy, N. Y. The passage over the Green co. JNIountains, from Chester to is considered the best Manchester, �NEW ENGLAND in tliis lies 16 part of the state. Chester miles S. S. W. from Wind- 79 S. from Montpelier, and about 30 E. N. E. from Manchester. sor, Chester, Mass. Hampden co. Thi^s is a mountainous township, but good for grazing. In 1837, it had 3,720 sheep their wool weighed 10,325 pounds, and sold for $5,818. There are 2 cotton mills in Chester, 3 tanneries, and a window blind foctory. Total amount of manufactures, in one year, $47,975. Branches of Westfield river pass through the tov/n. Incorporated, 1765, Population, 1S37, 1,290. 115 miles W. by S. from Boston, and 20 N. W. from Springfield. ; Chesterfield, N. H., Cheshire co., is 11 miles S. W. from Keene, and 65 S. W. from Concord. Few towns on Connecticut river have so little intervale land. For the whole six miles that it lies upon the river, the hills approach near the river's side. There much good upland, well adapted grazing and the production of Indian corn. The chief articles is for carried to market are beef, pork, butter and cheese. Cat's Bane brook is a stream of great importance, as it furnishes many mill seats. SpafFord's lake is a beautiful collection of water, situated about one mile N. from the meeting-house. it contains a surface of about 526 acres. It is fed by springs in its bosom. Its waters are remarkably clear and pure, its bed being a white sand. In this lake there is an island of about six acres, which forms a delightful retreat. On its E. side issues a stream called Partridge's brook, sutTiciently large to cai-ry the machinery of a cotton factory, saw-mills, &c. West river mountain lies in this town and Hinsdale. It is supposed to have been once subject to a volcanic eruption, and GAZETTEER. there is at present a considerable quantity of lava near its crater. It is said by those who live near the mountain, that it frequently trembles, and a rumbling noise is heard in its bowels. Chesterfield has 3 villages. The principal one, leading from Hartford to Hanover, is situated near the centre of the town, and 3 miles E. from Connecticut river. Here are several dwellinghouses, the meeting-house and a flourishing academy, which was opened Aug. 14, 1794. The first settlement was made Nov. 25, 1761, on the banks of the Connecticut, by Moses Smith and William Thomas, with their families. od, the river afforded At that peri- abundance of shad and salmon, and the forests were well stocked with deer, bears and other game, so that the inhabexperience those privations so common in new settlements. Population, 1830, 2,040. itants did not Chesterfield, Mass. A Hampshire co. township of rough, elevated land, 97 miles W. from Boston, and 11 V/. N. W. from Northampton watered by a branch of Westfield river. It has a good ; power, 1 woolen mill, 2 tansome curious minerals, and a water course, worn very deep through solid rock. Population, There were sheared 1837, 1,158. Vv^ater neries, Chesterfield, in 1837, 7,100 sheep, producing 20,800 pounds of noble wool, valued at $12,480. in A example. Chesterville, Me. Franklin co. W^ilson's stream passes through this town, and empties below the falls of Sandy river. Incorporated, First settled, 1782. Population, 1837, 1,040.— 1802. This is an excellent township of land. It yielded, in 1837, 4,046 bushels of wheat. It lies about 24 miles N. E. from Augusta, and 12 N. E. from Farmins;ton. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. this town, Gay Head, in yard. of the island; it is the south point is the sea, and is the county of Piscataquis, is 150 feet above In sheet of water through crowned with one of the five hghta lar-e river passes houses in this county. which' the Penobscot receives the Kahkoguamook Gay Head is about 60 miles E It also Ihis rivers. E of Montauk, on Long Island, and Umbazookskus long and S and bears marks of having been lake is about 25 miles country around subject to volcanic eruptions. Ihe miles wide. The ot minfertile, and as place abounds in specimens this fine lake is very wool of geoloadapted to the growing of erals worthy the notice well ot the This part of the island is ingists. and wheat as any portion of the is about Its central point habited by some descendants elobe. W. N. W. from Augusta. native Indians, who own part ot the 130 miles Cliesuucoolc Lialte, Me., N miles co., is situated 8 Concord. It was granted salt manutac- Gookin was Cliina, e the cultivator. There any considerable land, nor are there The east part of the elevations. Suncook town is watered by the which affords its mill seats is little in- Population, corporated in It lies 92 miles S. b. 700. 1S37, Nantucket, from Boston, 33 W. from Bedford, 23 S E by S. from New Edgarton. S. W. by S. from and 12 1714. ; The Chilmark was sheep are kept. 20, 1727, to Nathaniel was others but the settlement and until 175S, when not commenced the woods. Paul Morrill settled in repays ffood, and richly soil is May some is about 7,000 tured at this place, and Merrimack E. from There lands. Cliicliester, N. H., river, intervale.— and some productive In variPopulation, 1830, 1,081. the town are still to be ous parts of settlements seen traces of Indian ; Me. Kennebec co. This is a townwhich proship of excellent land, bushes of in 1837, 12,953 duced, la.ie, is watered by a wheat. China Pond," a fine or " Twelve Mile Skaneminiature of the beautiful New\or.v. ateles,in the state of into the \t the outlet of this pond, are excellent mill priv- stone, chisels, Kennebec, and implements of the pond frequently been ileges. On the bank of axes. &c., have once the is a very flourishing village, a steam was found. The vicinity A vistribe, the saw-mill, and an academy. residence of a powerful Albion, Clinton, plantations ot to this place, it Penacooks, and their neighboring on the banks Dixmont, and the corn, &c., were made a doltowns, where wheat is worth of the Suncook. barn, and a half a bushel in the lar Cliicltopee River, Mass. against the ivestis a good specific A trip from Boston to Lei- ern fever. river rises in Spencer, This back again may be perreceives the China and cester and Paxton, and number of hours Broo*<- formed in the same of Quaboag pond, in waters either ot the it takes to go up Warren. that It passes through field miles, towards an unwaters canals 100 At Palmer it receives the and en- seen country. China lies 20 miles and Swift rivers, of Ware from Augusta, 48 S. W. from at the N. part N E. ters the Connecticut Boston. PopSouth Bano-or, and 138 from from S. of Springfield, 7 miles Hadley. Cliilmark, Mass. Dukes CO. S. and W. This town lies on the part of Martha's Vine- ulatfon, 1837, 2,641. Chittenden County, Vt. Burlington This county is is the chief town. bounded N. by �NEW ENiJLAND GAZETTEER, Franklin county, E. by Washino-by Addison county and W. by Champlain lake. Area' 500 square miles. Population, 182o' 16,055; 1830, 21,765. Population to a square mile, about 44. ton county, S. A few settlements commenced in this county before the revolution, but they were all abandoned durinothe war. Incorporated, 1782. vanes from rich to and light beautiful Its soil meadows The alluvial sandy plains. Champlain washinoit great western boundary gives its fa- rivers are rich and luxuriant. The agricultural products are large and valuable. The houses and buildings present a very favorable appearance, and indicate the wealth and prosperity of the town. In this town are a number of manufactories of cloth, paper, leather, &c. Claremont was granted in 1764. In this town are "fine beds of iron ore and limestone. It received its name from the country seat of Lord Clive, an English general. Ihe first settlement was made in cilities for trade to New York and 1762, by Moses Spafford and David Canada. Its agricultural and manLynde. Many eminent men have ufacturing products are considerresided in this town. The Hon. Caable. In IS37 there were in this leb Ellis came to reside in Clarecounty about 80,000 sheep. La- inont about 1800. In 1804, he was moille river passes through its N.W. chosen a member of congress from corner, and Onion river pierces its this state in 1S09 and ISIO, a memcentre. These streams, with severber of the executive council: in al others of smaller size, afford the 1812, an elector of president and county a good water power. vice-president of the U. S. In 1813, he was appointed judge of the Cliittemleii, Vt. ; su- Rutland in this co. town lie Most of the lands on the Green moun- Some of the branches of river pass through it. Near the head of the Philadelphia branch, so called, is a mineral spring, said' to contain some good qualities.— tains. perior court, in Manganese oi an excellent quality found here. In 1837 there were in Chittenden about 700 people, and 3,000 sheep. About 12 miles N. by E. from Rutland, and 40 N. by E. from Montpelier. Sullivan co., is 12 miles N. from Charlestown, 8 W. from Newport 47 N. N. W. from Concord, and 97 W. N. W. from Portsmouth. This town is watered by Connecticut and summits. on the miles from Boston, and 27 N. from Lenox. Incorpora- W. by N. by E. ted, 1798. hills are sloping intervales A branch of Hoosick river passes through this moun tainous township. It fies 125 Population, 1837, 386. Clarksburghhas a small cotton mill, 5 saw mills, and 255 sheep. crowned with elegant The soil is a gravelly loam, with considerable alluvial meadow along its streams. There are some manufacturing establishments in Clai-ksbiirgli, Mass. rivers, besides numerous brooks and rivulets. Claremont is a fine undulating tract of territory, covered with a rich gravelly loam,' converted into the best meadows' The ClarciitlcM, Vt. Rutland CO. Otter creek. Mill and Cold rivers and several brooks give this town good mill privileges. Here are good marble, a mineral spring, and a curious cave. The Berkshire co. Sugar and pastures. he re- Clarenden, and about 13,000 sheep. Pop. ulafion, J.S30, 1,585. It lies 55 miles S. from Montpelier, and 7 S. from Rutland. Claremont, N. H., acclivities, office mained till his death. May 9, 1816, aged 49. Population, 1830, 2,526.' White is which , �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. have only to add that Cape Cod light 42° 2' 22"; W. Ion i> in N. lat. Clarksville, N. H. This town was incorporated in 70^ 4' 22". It liad before that lime borne 1S32. Cape Cod bay is in Massachuthe name of tlie First College setts bay, and is formed by the half Grant. It was granted to the trus- extended arm of the cape. See tees of Dartmouth Coileoe, Feb. 5, Barnstable county. It contains 40,li60 acres, and 17S9. Colxasset, Mass. river, in is situated on Connecticut Coos county, N. of Stewartstown. town on MassaNorfolk CO. 88. Its population, in 1830, was chusetts bay, noted for its rocky 6 coast and numerous shipwrecks. Clintou, Me. miles E. from Hingham, 20 E. by Kennebec co. This iine town- S. from Dedham, and about 16 SIncorship is hounded on the E. by Ken- E. from Boston, by water. A nebec river. The Seba-iicook passes through the town, and, at the great falls on that river, ahords it a It has a neat and hydraulic power. pleasant village on the bank of the manufactures, Sebasticook, fome and large agricultural products. In 1837 this town produced a considerable quantity of wool, and 10,807 Incorporated, bushels of wheat. 1837, 2,642. Population, 1795. Clinton lies 24 miles N. by E. from Augusta, and about 12 S. by E. fiom Skowhegan. Cobbessecontee "Waters, Me. The pond is a fine sheet of walying ter, VV. of Hallowell, and connected with smaller ponds in Monmouth, Winthrop, Readfield, The outlet and Mount Vernon. same of the pond is a river of the into a beautisee on the stage road and empties into the name, which passes ful pond we Richmond, Kennebec at Gardiner. m These wa- power, ters afford a great hydraulic an abundance of fish, and much delightful scenery. Cobscook Bay, Me. A large bay, the recipient of a number of large ponds, on the S. W. side of Eastport, in Passamaquoddy bay. See Eastport. Coa, Cape and Eay. Having brietly described this cape, under Barnstable county, we porated, 1770. Population, 1837, This place has about 40 sail of merchant, coasting and fishing vessels, and a large tide-water powCob asset has become a great er. resort for citizens and strangers, in summer months, to enjoy the maand rine scenery, exhilarating air, JVaall those pleasures for which The value of hajit is celebrated. the fisheries, for the year ending April 1, 1837, was $75,536. The value of salt, vessels, boots, shoes, and wooden ware manufactured, 1,331. was $35,920. Colcliester, Vt., Chittenden CO., is pleasantly situated at the head of a bay on the E. side of lake Champlain, 36 miles N. W. from Montpclier, and 6 N. from Burlington. This town is well watered by Onion river, and some Colchester has smaller streams. some good and some poor land, some trade on the lake, and about 4,000 First settled by Gen. Ira sheep. Allen, in 1774. Population, 1830, 1,489. Colcliester, Ct. New London co. This is a pleatown the site of Bacon academy. It lies 20 miles N. W. from sant ; London, and 23 S. E. from Hartford. First settled, 1701. PopThe surface ulation, 1830, 2,068. of the town is uneven, with a strong New �NEW ENGLAND gravelly soil. is found here. Excellent iron ore GAZETTEER. a watchful guard over the Devil^ the old black bull, who has done so much hurt of late. All perceived the wisdom and fitness of Mr. Bulkley's advice, and resolved to be gov- Rev. John Bulkley, a grandson of president Chauncy, was the first settled minister in this place. Mr. Bulkley was a very distinguished scholar. He died in 1731. He published a curious treatise, in vvhich he contended that the Indians had nojust claims to any lands erned by all improved by their own labor. afflicted told in church." Coletorook, N. H., an old book. is The consequence was, animosities subsided, and harmony was restored to the long but such as they had subdued and following story it. the The Coos CO., on Connecticut river about 35 miles N. of Lancaster. It " The Rev. Mr. Bulkley of Colchester, Conn., was famous in his day as a casuist and sage counsel- watered by the Mohawk river and Beaver brook. The soil here is rich, and capable of culture. Inlor. church in his neighborhood tervales of good quality stretch had fallen into unhappy divisions along the Connecticut. Colebrook and contentions, which they were was originally granted to Sir George unable to adjust among themselves. Colebrook They deputed one of their number corporated and others, and was inDec. 1, 1790. There is to the venerable Bulkley, for his an academy in this town, incorposervices, with a request that he rated in 1833. Population, 1830, would send it to them in writing. 542. The matters were taken into serious consideration, and the advice, with Colebrook, Ct. much deliberation, committed to Litchfield CO. An elevated townwriting. It so happened, that Mr. ship of a hard gravelly soil and unBulkley had a farm in an extreme even surface, on the line of Maspart of the town, upon which he sachusetts 31 miles N. W. from entrusted a tenant. In superscrib- Hartford, and 18 N. E. from Litching the two letters, the one for the field. The eastern part of the town church was directed to the tenant, is watered by Farmington river. and the one for the tenant to the Here are a number of good mill church. The church was convenseats, and a manufactory of broaded to hear the advice which was to cloth. The village is very pleasettle all their disputes. The mod- sant, having Mount Pisgah in the erator read as IS A i I ; follows : You will see to the repair of the fences, that they be built high and strong, and you loill take special care of the old black bull. This mystical advice puzzled the church at first, but an interpreter among the more dis- cerning ones was soon found, who said, Brethren, this is the very advice we most need ; the directions to repair the fences is to admonish us to take good heed in the admission and government of our members we must guard the church by our Master's laws, and keep out strange cattle from the fold. And : we must in a particular manner set rear. First settled, lation, 1830, 1,332. 1765. Popu- Coleraine, Mass. Franklin co. This town was first settled by a colony from the north of Ireland, about the j'^ear 1736. It lies 105 miles N. W. from Boston and 9 N. W. from Greenfield. It IS watered by a branch of Deerfield river, which produces a water power for 3 cotton mills and several other manufactories. The manufactures consist of cotton goods, iron castings, leather, hats, chairs, cabinet ware, ploughs, spades, shovels, forks, and hoes j total valucj in one �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. for the instruction He removed his of Indian youth. family and pupils to Hanover, N. H., in the autumn of 1770. The opened a school This is a fine graztownship, and produced, in 1837, 16,123 pounds of wool, valued at $9,133, the fleeces of 5,754 Population, 1837, 1,998. sheep. year, $91,000. ins; snow was very deep, and Hanover " Sometimes was a wilderness. Colleges in Ne^v England. standing in the open air, at the head of his numerous fami'ly, Dr. Wheelock presented to God their mornthe suring and evening prayers rounding forests, for the first time, reverberated the solemn sounds of See Register. Colmu'bia, Me. : Washington co. At the head of tide water, on the W. side of PleaIt is a very large townsant river. ship, well provided with mill seats, and was settled soon after the revIt lies 15 miles W. olutionary war. from Machias, and 120 E. by N. from Augusta. Columbia has con- siderable trade, particularly in lumPopulation, 1837, 793. ber. Colimiljia, IV. H., In the county of Coos, lies on the E. bank of Connecticut river, 30 miles N. of Lancaster, and 147 N. The surface of the of Concord. town is quite uneven, the mountains of Stratford lying along the S. From these a number of streams descend north-westerly into the Connecticut, furnishing many fine mill seats. There arc also several small ponds in town. On the borders of one, called Lime pond, vast quantities of shells are found, from which a species of lime is made answers for some uses. It was incorporated 1797. Population, that 1830, 442. Colimi'bia, Ct. Tolland co. Taken from LebaIt is 22 miles E. from non, in 1800. Hartford, and about 14 S. by E. Population, 1830, from Tolland. Columbia is watered by a branch of the Willimantic, and has a satinet factory, and other ope962. rations by water. The surface is the soil hard and gravelly, In this but excellent for grazing. place, about the year 1741, the Rev. Dr. Eleazar Wheelock, the first president of Dartmouth College, uneven ; supplication ajid praise." This good man died in 1779, aged 69. Concord, Me. Somerset co. Incorporated in 1821. Population, 1837, 524. Concord lies on the V*'. side of Kennebec river, 55 miles N. from Augusta, and about 20 N. from Norridgewock. This is a good township, and produced, in 1837, 3,121 bushels of wheat. Concoi'd, W. H., capitolof the state, and shire of the county of Merrimack. It lies on both sides of the INIerrimack river, in N. lat. 43° 12' 29", The town W. Ion. 71° 29'; and is 146 miles S. W. from Augusta, Me. 97 S. E. from Montpelier, Vt.; 153 N. E. from Albany, N. Y. 65 N. N. W. from Boston, Mass. 103 N. from Providence, R. I. ; 139 N. N. E. from Hartford, Conn., and 474 N. E. by E. from Washington. There are five ponds in Concord, the largest of which are Turkey, in the S. W., and Long pond in the N. W. parts of the town, on the streams passing from which are some valuable mills and privileges. The Contoocook river enters the W. corner of the town, and uniting with the Merrimack on the N. W. line, forms at its junction the celebrated Buston's Island. On the borders of the Merrimack, which is the principal river of this region, are rich intervale lands, highly valued by the inhabitants, and well Soon after «nt6ring cultivated. and ; ; �NEW ENGLAND Concord, the river passes over Sewor rapids, below which is Sewall's island. Fro:a thence the river has no natural obstruction until it reaches the falls at the S. E. extremity of the town, where is a fill's falls, water power, now owned by the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, almost sufficient to move the machinery of another Lowell. Locks are here constructed, and navigation by boats lias been open since 1815 during the boating seasou, adding much to the business and importance of the place. The river is aliout 100 yards wide opposite the town but during the great ; freshets which sometimes occur here, the river rises 20 feet above the ordinary level, presenting to the eye a body of water a niilc in width. There are two handsome bridges thrown across the river. The principal village, and seat of most of the business of the town, is on the western side of llie river, extending nearly two miles between the two bridges and is one of the most healthy and pleasantly situated villages in Ncav England. The state house, state prison and court Louse, and five very comn:iodiou3 and handsome structures for public worship, are in this village. The state house occupies a beautiful site in the centre of the village, and is ; GAZETTEER. will create a vast and valuable wapower at this village, that must ultimately prove of immense imter portance to the town. Another handsome village has grown up iu the west part of the town. The intercourse with Lowell and Boston, by way of the canal on the Merrimack, has been open since 1815, and a very large amount of business in freights has been tlone on The Concord rail-road, the river. to connect with the Lowell railroad, has also been sui-veyed, and will doubtless soon be put in progress. This is a link in the great chain of noithern lailways, which must ultimately extend fiom Boston to connect with the western waters at the outlet of lake Ontario. The importance of extending the railroad to the heart of New Hampsliire has by no means been fully estimated by the public. Concord is the great thoroughfai-e for travellers from the north, and the freight by horses and baggage wagons is immense. The roil of this town is gcnei'al- and the intervales very productive. Large masses of gianite suitable for the purposes of building exist here, the most important of ly good, The J\'ew Hampshire name by which in an act of incorporation an immense mass of which Ledge, is a constructed of hewn granite. It is 126 feet in length, 49 in width, 50 feet of the centre of the buildinghaving a projection of 4 feet on granite in the N.W. part of the tow^n has been designated. This ledge is situated about 1 1-2 miles N. ^V of the state house, and about 200 rods each front. It rises two stories above the basement. The height from the ground to the eagle on the distant froni top of the cupola is 120 feet. The cost of the building and append:iThe state prison is ges, $80,000. also a solid structure of nmssive granite. On the east side of the river is the second principal village, where the Sewall's f alls Locks and Canal Company, recently chartered, their have commenced works, which, by taking the waters of the river in a canal from Sewall's falls, . Merrimack river, which navigable to (his place with boats. The course of the ledge is from N. E. to S. W. and its rise about 45° fiom a plane of the horizon, and its height about 350 feet. It pjesents a suiface of massive primitive granite, of uiore than 4,500 square is The rift of this stone is very perfect, smooth and regular; splits are easily made to the depth of 12 rotls. 20 feet, and of almost any required length. And unlike much of the building stone now in the to �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. it has been ascertained by a recent examination (made by Mr. A. H. Hayes, of Roxbury, Mass., market, and other eminent chemists and geologists,) that the stone from this quarry is perfectly free from those oxides, or other mineral substances, which on exposure to the atmosphere, mar the beauty of much of This England granite. the stone quarries easily ; the great elevation and dip of the ledge, and its proximity to the river, giving it facilities of working and transportation, it is believed unequalled. From the base of the ledge to the bank of the New name of Rumford, which name retained until 7th June, 1765, when the town was incorporated by its present name. This town suffered much from incursions of the savages. Several of the inhab- it were itants into killed, captivity, and otiier? taken between the years 1740 and 1750. The manufactures of Concord are numerous and viluable. They consist of books, furniture of all kinds, boots, aiioe?, granite, lumber, and a variety oi other articles. The manufacture of books is very extensive, and annually increasing. Population in 1775, 1,052 ; in 17S0, Merrimack, a rail-way is contemplated, the proprietors of the ledge 1,747; in ISOO, 2,052; in ISIO, having already obtained a charter 2,393 in 1820, 2,838 and in 1830, for that purpose. As the great fa- 3,727. The present population is cility of transportation by way of between 4 and 5 thousand. Among the early inhabitants and the river to the markets, becomes known, together with the fact, that distinguished citizens of this town, the upward freight would, during a may t)e mentioned the following great portion of the j'ear, go far Hon. Timothy Walker, son towards remunerating the cost of of the first minister of Concord, an ti-nnsportation of this stone to the active patriot during the revolution, seaboard the situation, extent, and member of the convention of 1784, value of this quarry will be seen a legislator, and judge of the comand appreciated. On several large mon pleas. He died May 5, 1822, perpendicular faces of the ledge, aged 85. protected by shelving rocks from Dr, Philip Carrigaik, an vegetable stains, but exposed for eminent physician, who died iu ages perhaps to the atmosphere, the 1806, stone is found to be entirely free Hon. Thot-ias W, Tkompsox, from any coloring or stain, preserv- a distinguished lawyer and politiing its natural color. The amount cian, who died 1 Oct., 1S21, aged of the whole mass, when wrought, 57. can scarcely be estimated. This Sir Ben-jamin Thompson representation is derived from gen- (known to the world as Coun^t tlemen of Concord not at all in- Rumford) settled and married terested in the quarry, and is here here in early life. given, with the sole qualification, Joii:\' Fart.ier, Esq,, an eminthat if the quality of the stone is as ent antiquary and genealogist, repure as is stated, there is no danger sided here for the last seventeen of over-estimating the value of the years of his life, and died 13 Aug., quarry. specimen of this granite 1838, aged 49. Mr. Farmer's health is with the editor for examination. was always exceedingly delicate Concord, originally called Pena- he therefore, partly of necessity and cook, was granted by Massachu- partly of clioice, adopted a very setts to a company of settlers, 17th sedentary roode of life. He colJan., 1725, and the settlement began lected around him books of ancient the year following. In 1733, the date gathered together earlj'^ recplantation was incorporated by the ords of towns notices of the first ; ; : — A : — 9 — �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. settlers — the country inquired names, ages, characters, of into the and deaths of distinguished men of every profession entered into extensive correspondence with men v/ho might be able to furnish him with facts rehitive to the subjects of his inquiry. In short, Mr. Farmer — known as an Antiquarian, distinguisiied far beyond soon became fellow his al! knowledge of for exact and events rel- citizens, facts New ative to the history of England. His mind was a wonderful repository of names and dates and particular incidents, not stored up indeed for private gratiiication, but always open for the benefit of othSo general and well established was his reputation for accuracy, er?. that his authority was relied on, as decisive in historical and genealogical facts. Feelings of personal attachment and obligations for numerous invaluable tokens of friendship, received editor, v/ould seem to require a full length portrait of the character of this distinguished man and estimable christian even in a work of this kind ; and it should be given, had not an abler pen performed that act of justice. See American by the — Quarterly Register. Coiicord, Vt. Essex First 17SS. the Vv\ side of Connecticut river: 38 miles E. by N. from Montpelier, and 18 S. V/. from Guildhall. Moose river, a branch of the Passumpsic, waters the north part of the town. Hall's and Mile ponds are beautiful sheets of water, and afford a variety of fish. The soil of the town is pretty good, and keeps about 3,000 CO. Population, 1830, settled, l,Ora. On sheep. Co5icor«3, Mass. One of the cliief towns of Mid- This town is situdlesex county. ated on the river of the same name, 17 miles W. N. W. from Boston, 14 S. S. W. from Lowell, and 30 E. N. £. from "Worcester, incorpo1635. Population, rated, 1820, 1,788 1837,2,023. This town was the first inland settlement in the colony of Massachusetts Bay. The township was originally six miles square, and derives its name from the harmony in which it was purchased of the natives. Its Indian 5 Musketaquid. It took an active part in the prosecution of the war against king Philip, in 1675-6, and in April of the latter j'^ear, 10 or 12 of its citizens were killed, in the attack made by the Indians on the neighboring town of Sudbury. title viTd.s The general court has frequently held its sessions in this town, and in the year 1774 the provincial congress selected On meeting. it as their place of the li)th of April, 1775, a detachment of Bi'itish troops, sent X3ut by Gen. Gage for the purpose of seizing a quantity of military stores which were deposited here by the province, were met at the North bridge by the citizens of Concord and the neighboring towns, and forcibly repulsed. It was at this spot that the first regular and effectual resistance was made, and the first British life was taken, in the war of the revolution. The graves of two of the British soldiers, who Vfere killed at this place, are still marked, and a suitable monu- ment is erected near the site of the bridge, to commemorate the event. The monument is of granite, in the form of an obelisk ; its height about 25 feet; the base, which is square, is a large block 5 1-2 feet broad, and about 3 in height. On the west side of the next block, is inlaid a i'lab of white Italian marble, on which is engraved the following in- scription : �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER^ consist of cotton goodSj satinet and flannel, hoots, shoes, hats, ploughs, Here, On the 19th of April, )77o, Was made The first forcible resistance To British aggression. On the opposite Bank, lead pipe, chairs and cabinet ware. value, in one year, exclusive of cotton goods, amounted to The whole $156,012. Stood the American Militia. Concord River. Here stood the invading Array, And on this spot of the enemy fell In the War of that Revolution Which gave The first Independence To these United States, And In the love of freedom, This Monument Was erected A. D. 1836. of : '.- In gratitude to God, The manufactures This river is formed by the union Assabet and Sudbury rivers at Concord after passing through the towns of Bedford, Billerica, and Chelmsford, it fails into the Merrimack between Lowell and Tewk?bury. This river furnishestheM' dlesex canal with most of its ,> ..- of Concord C5j-'i2'< ters. Counaiiicut Island* See Jamestown, R. I. iTiCiCT. -is bounded N. by ^Massachusetts, E. by Rhode Island, Situated between by Lung Island Sound, and W, by New York. 40° 58' and 42° 1' N. lat. and 72° 37' and 71° 43' W. Ion. This state S. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. The territory of Connecticut The colony and A''ew Haven. was formerly two Connecticut colonies was planted by of Connecticut citizens of Massachusetts, at Windsor, in 1633, and at Hartford and Wethersfield, The colony in 1635 and 1636. men, till was settled by English- This charter was the basis of the gov- granted by Charles the Second. ernment New Haven of In 1665, the two colomes were united by a charter in 1638. 1818, when the present constitution was formed. The executive power of this State is vested in a Governor, and a Lieutenant-Governor, who is also President of the Senate. The legislative power is vested in a Senate and a House of RepresenThe Senate tatives, which together are called T7i,e General Jtssemhiy. lowns may choose two Representatives ; the others one each. All the Monday of April. above are elected annually by the people on the The General Assembly has one first Wednesday in May. first commencing stated session in each year, on the the years of even numbers at Most of the more than 24 members. consists of not less than 18 and not These New sessions are held alternately, in Haven, and in the years of odd num- bers at Hartford. The electors who have age, are the all white male citizens, of twenty-one years of resided in the town in which they vote months next six preceding, and have a freehold estate of the value of seven dollars who have performed previous to the voting Those voting. ; or regular military duty in said town for one year next ; or who shall have paid a tax within a year of his entitled to be electors, before voting must be qualified by taking the oath prescribed by law. No person one he port. is is liable He may obliged to join any religious society by law to ; but having joined pay his proportion of the charges separate himself from such society for its sup- by leaving with the clerk thereof notice of his determination to close his connextion with them. The judicial department of the government embraces the Supreme Court of Errors, the Superior Court, a County Court in each county, a City Court in each city, a Court of Probate in each probate as in other states in New district, and England, an indefinite number of Justices of the Peace in each county. The Supreme Court pointed of Errors consists of five by the General Assembly, and hold behavior, but not after seventy years of age. Judges, who are ap- their offices during good They are subject to re- moval by impeachment, and by the Governor, on the address of two thirds of the members of each House of the General Assembly. This court has final and exclusive jurisdiction of writs of error, brought to revise the judgment on decrees of the Superior Court, in law or equity, wherein �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. the errors complained of appear from the term in Though each county annually. nizance only of writs of error, yet, as all the It holds and records. files this one body, as a court, has cog- members are Judges of the Superior Court, a convenient opportunity is afforded, while they are thus assembled, for hearing argumencs on motions for new trials and cases stated. The These, of course, occupy a considerable portion of the term them are given by waj?^ of advice to opinions of the Judges upon the Superior Court, in which the cases are respectively pending. This being understood as settling the law. is always followed, it Judge of the Superior Court of Errors, designated by that court the purpose, constitutes the Superior Court; two terms of which are advice A for This court has cognizance of held in each county annually. civil actions law brought by appeal from the County, City, and Probate Courts, and of suits for relief in chancery, wherein the value of the matter in at demand exceeds $335. In criminal causes it has exclusive jurisdiction of Oifences punishable with death or imprisonment for rent with the County Courts, of Peace. of the jurisdiction of the Justices and of for divorce, petitions for new and, concur- It has also cognizance of ; of of scire facias, audita querela, and v.'rits trials relative ; decisions of inferior tribunals writs of error brought to revise the petitions life other offences not committed to the all matters in or issuing from the court. to In capital cases, the Judge holding the court is to call to his assistance one or more of the other Judges. The County Courts Judges, who Chief Judge and two Associate This consist of one are appointed annually by the General Assembly. court has original jurisdiction of all civil actions at law, wherein the value of the matter in demand exceeds $35, and appellate jurisdiction It has of all such actions wherein the value in demand exceeds $7. also original and final jurisdiction of suits for relief in equity, demand does not exceed ,$335, except judgment rendered on a cause depending at law the value in a wherein suits for relief against in the Superior Court. In criminal jurisdiction, it has cognizance of all ofTences above the jurisdiction of a Justice of the Peace, and not exclusively within that of the Superior Court. It is also vested with powers relative to the granting licences, the appointment of laying out of roads, survey- ors, &.C. Justices of the Peace have cognizance of nature, wherein the value in offences and crimes punishable onment not exceeding In each of the six demand does by fine not all actions at law of a civil not exceed .$35, and of exceeding i^l, or all by impris- thirty days, or both. cities — Hartford, 9# New Haven, New London, Nor- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. " wich, Middletown, and Bridgeport— there is a City Court, consisting of Mayor and two senior Aldermen, having cognizance of all civil the wherein the actions of land title is not concerned. Succession of Governors since the Union of the Colonies under the Charter in 1G65. John Winthrop, 1665—1676. Treat, 1683-1693. Fitz-John William Leet, 1676—1683. Winthrop, 169S— 1707. Robert Gurdon Sal- 1708—1724. Joseph Talcott, 1725—1741. Jonathan Law, Roger Wolcott, 1751—1754. Thomas Filch, 1754—1766. William Pitkin, 1766—1769. Jonathan Trumbull, 1769—1784. Matthew Griswold, 1734—1786. Samuel Huntington, 1786—1795. Oliver Wolcott, 1796,1797. Jonathan Trumbull, 1798-1809. John Treadwell, 1809—1811. Roger Griswold, 1811, 1812. John Cotton Smith, 1813— 1817. Oliver Wolcott, 1317—1827. Gideon Tomlinson, 1827—1831. John S. Peters, 1831—1833. Henry \V. Edwards, 1833, 1834. Samuel A. Foot, 1834—1836. Henry W. Edv/ards, 1836—1839. William W. tonstall, 1742—1751. Ellsworth, 1839— Succession of Chief Justices. Eliphalet Dyer, 1789—1793. Andrew Richard Law, 1785—1789. Adams, 1793—1797. Jesse Root, 1798-1807. Stephen M. Mitchell, 1807—1814. Tapping Reeve, 1814, 1815. Stephen T. Hosmer, 1819—1833. 1319. Thomas S. WilUams, 1835— Connecticut New Haven, is divided into the eight following counties New The and Tolland. valleys. Zephaniah Swift, 1815— David Daggett, 1833—1835. — Hartford, London, Fairfield, Windham, Litchfield, Middlesex, face of the state In general it is so greatly diversified is by hills exceeding undulating or uneven, as sent an everchanging variety of objects. the north, which terminate near New The ranges Haven, and to pre- of mountains from are not remarkable for their is finely watered by the noble river name, by the Thames, Housa'.^nick, NaugaThe soil varies from a gravelly loam tuck, and other smaller streams. elevation in this state. fi-om which on the former it derives hills, to a rich is Connecticut its and exceedingly more particularly adapted lands, in possession of an industrious abundance, all The mineral class of the varieties of products resources of the state are freemen, yield, common to a celebrated. These in The mineral waters at ; great northern climate. not yet fully developed iron and copper ores of excellent qualities are found marble and freestone. The fertile alluvial in the valleys. to grazing, the latter to tillage. ; but also, lead, cobalt, Siaffbrd are the most Manufacturing establishments are scattered over the state. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. on its numerous delightful streams trade, and fisheries, ; and foreign commerce, the coasting enjoy an enviable position on the waters of Long Island Sound. Blessed with a salubrious climate and Connecticut probably enjoy as of Her any part of the human her domain not extensive, no Atlantic is family. fertile much country, the happiness as population is state always is full, has sent so children, or so large a share of intellectual wealth, people allotted to and although many to the of her western country, as Connecticut. If the love of liberty, literature and the arts, moral worth has an asylum on earth, Connecticut to be found within her bosom. Connecticut River. feeling and boast that it is of Queechy, just below the mouth of Waterqueechy river the White river falls, below Hanover, and the Fifteen Mile Falls, in N. H. and Vt.; the falls at Montague and falls ; head, north of latitude 45°, it falls Long Island Sound, in latitude 41° 16'. The breadth of this river, at its entrance into Vermont, is about 150 feet, and in its course of 60 miles it increases to about 390 feet. In Massachusetts and Connecticut, its breadth may be estimated from 450 to 1,050 feet. It is navigable to Hartford, 45 miles, for vessels of considerable burthen, and to Middletown, 30 miles from the sea, for vessels drawing 12 feet of water. By means of canals and other improvements, it has been made navigable for boats to Fifteen Mile Falls, nearly 250 miles above Hartford. The most considerable rapids in this river, are Bellows' Falls, the into may See Register. This beautiful river, the Quonektacut of the Indians, and the pride of the Yankees, has it sources in New Hampshire and the mountainous tracts in Lower Canada. Its name in the Indian language is said to signify Long River, or, as some render it, River of Pines. Its general course is north and south. After foi-ming the boundary line between New Hampshire and Vermont, it crosses the western part of Massachusetts, passes the slate of Connecticut, nearly in its centre and, after a fall of 1,600 feet, from its of social ; — South Hadley, in Mass., and the Enfield, in Ct., where it The perpentide water. dicular height of the falls which falls at meets the have been overcome by dams and locks between Springfield, in Mass., in N. H., a distance and Hanover, Bars of is 240 feet. sand and gravel extend across this river in various places, over which boats with difficulty pass in low The most important tribuwater. taries to the Connecticut, in New of 130 miles, Hampshire, are Upper and Lower Amonoosuck, Israel's, John's, Mascomy, Sugar, and Ashuelot rivers: in Vermont, Nulhegan,Passumpsic, Wells, Wait's, Ompomponoosuck, W^hite, Waterqueechy, Black, Williams, Sexton's, and West rivers : in Massachusetts, field, Agawam, V/estfield rivers ; DeerChickopee, and and the FarmingMiller's, ton, in Connecticut. The intervales are generally spread upon one or both sides of the river, nearly on a level with its banks, and extending from half a mile to five miles in breadth ; but its borders are in some places high. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. 1-ocky and spring it In the banks, antl, through its winding course of" nearly 400 miles, forms and fertilizes a In point vast tract of rich meadow. of length, utility, and beauty, this river forms a distinguished feature of New England. Large quantities of shad are taken in this river, but the salmon, which lormerly were very plenty, have entirely disappeared. Connecticut river passes through a basin or valley of about 12,000 square miles it is decorated, on each side, with towns and villages of superior beauty, and presents to the eye a wonderful variety of enchantingscenery. Con-ivay, N. H., precipitous. overflows its ; Connecticut laalce, The source of one of the principal branches of Connecticut river, is situated in latitude 4.5° 2' ; and is 5 1-2 miles in length, and 2 1-2 in width. It is supplied by several small streams, rising in the highlands north of the lake. Contoocook River, W. II., Carroll co., on Saco river, is 72 miles N. N. E. from Concord, 60 N. by W. from Dover,and 57 N. W. from Portland, Me. Swift river, a considerable and very rapid stream, Pequawkett river, and a stream taking its rise in Walker's pond, the two last affording mill privileges, discharge themselves into Saco river in this town. Saco river here is from 10 to 12 rods wide, and about 2 feet deep ; its current rapid and broken by falls. This river has been known to rise 27 and even .30 feet in the course of 24 hours. The largest collections of v/ater in Conway are a part of Walker's pond, and Little Pequawkett pond, which lie in the south part of the town. There is a detached block of granite on the southern side of Pine hill, the largest perhaps in the state. spring near the centre of the town,on the bank of Cold brook, strongly impregnated with sulphur, has been viLsited frequently by the infirm, and in many instances found A There are also in this town large quantities of magnesia beneficial. A stream of considerable length and fuller's earth. The intervale and importance, waters most of the along the river is from 50 to 220 towns in the W. part of the county rods wide. The plain, when propof Hillsborough. It has its origin produces large erly cultivated, from several ponds in JafFrey and crops of corn and rye. Conway is Rindge, and in its course north requite a resort for travellers from the ceives numerous streams from Dubeast and south to the White Mounlin, Peterborough, Sharon, Neltains. From Conway village to son, Stoddard, Vv'ashington, Antrim, Crawford's house, at the Notch, is Deering, and Hillsborough. In 34 miles N. W. Daniel Foster, in Hillsborough it takes a N. E. and 1765, obtained a grant of this towneasterly direction, and proceeds ship, containing 21,040 acres, on through Henniker to Hopkinton, condition that each grantee should where it receives Warner and Black- pay a rent of one ear of Indian corn water rivers. From Hopkinton, annually for the space of ten years, it pursues a meandering course if demanded. Pop. IbSO, 1,601. through Concord, and discharges Con^tvay, Mass. itself into the Merrimack between Concord and Boscawen. Near the Franklin co. This town is dividmouth of this river is Dustoti's ed from Shelburne, on the north, Island, celebrated as the spot where by Deerfield river. It lies 100 miles Mrs. Duston destroyed several In- W. by N. from Boston, and 7 S. W. dians, in from Greenfield. Incorporated, �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. A Population, 1837, 1,4-15. 1767. tributary of Deerfield river passes The manuits northern border. factures of Conway consist of cotton and woolen goods, leather, boots, shoes, hats, chairs and cabinet Total amount, year ending; ware. and Kilkenny; Pilot and Mill mountains in Stark Cape Horn in Northumberland, and Pondicherry, S. W. ; of JeiFerson, are all of considerable magnitude, and partake of the grandeur of the While Hills. In the neighborliood of high mountains are April 1, 1837, $22,475. The value generally found the ioupces of our of wool grown, the same j'car, was greater rivers. Three of the prinEngland, the ^5,072, comprising 4,830 fleeces, cipal rivers of weighing 14,490 pounds. Connecticut, Androscoggin and Saco, take their rise in this county. Cooper, Me. There are numerous other streams Washington co. Denny's river, which become tributary to these emptying into Meddybemps lake, rivers, the principal of which are and both discharging into the river the Mohawk, Amonoo-uck, Israel's St. Croix at Baring, water the north and John's rivers. The Margallapart of this town. It lies 164 miles way, after receiving the waters of E. N. E. from Augusta, and about Dead and Diamond rivers, unites Popu- with the Androscoggin, near Um3fi miles N. from Machias. lation, 1837, 571. bagog lake. This lake lies principally in Maine. Lake ConnectiCoos County, N. H. cut is situated north of the 45th deCoos is the largest county in gree of latitude, and is one of the Hampshire, and within its limits sources of Connecticut river. The are situated the contested Indian largest pond in this county lies N. Stream territory and the greater of lake Connecticut, and is connectpart of the ungranted lands. Large ed with it by an outlet. portions of this county are exceedThe first settlement in the coun- New New was made at Lancaster in 1763. The county was incorporated Dec. settled. This county extends from 24, 1803, and the name is of Indian lat. 43^ 58' to the extreme north origin, although the same name ocbeing 76 miles in curs in the New Testament. The part of the state length, and having a mean width population in 1820 was 5,549 and The area of in 1830, 8,3&0. Coos contains 23 of about 20 miles. ingly mountainous, cannot be cultivated, and will probably never be ty — ; county is estimated to contain 1600 square miles, or, in round this towns, and five inhabitants to a square mile. Lancaster, Shiretown. numbers, 1,000,000 of acres. It is Corin.ua, Me. bounded N. by Lower Canada, E. Situated 53 miles Somerset co. by Maine, S. by the county of Sti-afFord, W. by Grafton county N. E. from Au<rusta. and about 35 and the state of Vermont. Besides E. N. E. from Norridgewock. Inthe stupendous pile of the Vv'hite Mountains, which distinguishes this county, there arc several other mountains of no inconsiderable height. Those in Shelburne, Jackson and Chatham, on the east side of the White Mountains, are bold and abrupt. The Peak and Bowback mountains in Stratford the elevations in Dixville, Columbia ; corporated, 1816. Population, 1837, 1,513. In 1837, 8,864 bushels of wheat were raised in this valuable township. Corintli, Me. This delightful Penobscot co. 81 miles IS. E. township lies from Augusta, and about 25 N. W. It is watered by from Bangor. �\ NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Kentluskeag stream, and produced, 1837, 9,017 bushels of wheat. in Population, same year, 1,232. Corintli, Vt. Two branches of water this town. It is 20 miles S. E. from Montpelier, and 10 N. E. from Chelsea. First setOrange co. way of experiment, raised 7000 bushels of wheat. Incoi-porated, 1793. Population, 1837, 2,112. Bounded S. by Skowhegan: 38 miles N. from Augusta, and about 13 N. E. from Norridgewock. "Wait's river tled, 1777. Population, 1S30, 1,953. pleasant, with a rough, Corinth is strong soil, and very healthy; it has some water power and keeps about 7,000 sheep. Coriiisli, York CO. Me. Bounded N. by the Saeo and Great Ossipee rivers. 83 miles S. W. from Augusta, 32 W. by N. from Portland, and 25 N. from Alfred. Incorporated, 1794. Population, 1337, 1,130. Cornish produces §ood crops of wheat and some wool. Coin wall, Vt. Addison This is a level townCO. ship of excellent land, watered by Otter creek and Lemonfair river, but without any good mill sites. Notwithstanding there is a very large swamp in this town, the people are healthy, and many live to a very great age. Veiy beautiful calcareous spar, in rhomboidal crystals, is found here. The population of Cornwall, in 1830, was 1,264. The number of sheep, in 1337, was about 16,000. It lies 75 miles S. W. from Montpelier, and bounded N. E. by Middlebury. First settled, 1774. Covnisli, W. H., Coi'n^vall, Ct. Sullivan co., is 17 miles N. from Charlcstown, 50 N. W. by W. from Concord, and 12 N. W. from Ne wpoj-t. Connecticut river waters the west part of this town, and by means of a bridge connects Cornish This mountainous township lies on the east side of Housatonick river, 38 miles W. from Hartford, 48 N. from New Haven, and 13 N. by W. from Litch- with Windsor, Vt. The soil is gen- erally fertile. The town is hilly, with the exception of that part which lies on the river. Blow-me- down and Bryant's brooks are the only streams of any magnitude these aiford good mill privileges, which are improved for a woolen factory, a large number of saw, and other mills. The agricultural products of this town are very considerable. Cornish was granted June 21, 1763, to Rev. Samuel McClintock, of Greenland, and 09 others. The town was settled in 1765. Population, 1330, 1,687. much choice land in Cornville. in 1837, First settled, 1740. A by Popu- 1830, 1,714. The scenery about the south village is very beau" The cheerful appearance tiful. of the church and the little cluster of white buildings surrounding it, at the bottom of a deep valley, is uncommonly pleasing. The mounlation, and lofty hills which rise immediately on almost every side, shutting out, in a sense, the most of the world from this apparently retired spot, present a bold and most striking feature in the landscape." This village is the place where a Foreign Mission School was estabtains lished in 1318. Comville, Me, few of the inhabitants, field. "This school had from the attempt to qualify Obookiaa, a pious Owyheean youth, and others, for missionaries to their native lands, Obookiah was brought to this country in 1308, and came to New Haven. Vf bile here, Samuel J. Mills, a student in Yale Colits rise Somerset co. This town is well watered by the Wessaransett river, a branch of the Kennebec. There is Litchfield co. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. revolutionary Population, 1330, 441. commencement of the pious persons, comlege, and other instructed miserating bis condition, the Christian '-f'^-^o"-him in war. Coventry, Vt. hopeluby Ooookiah soon became advocated a mispious, and strongly Other nasion to his countrymen. and island were found tives of his for their a school was established In 1^20 the benefit at Cornwall. was number of pupils in this school 19 were American In2y, of wbom islands ot tne dians, and 6 from the This is a good townBaris watered by Black rivers, two good ton's and north into mill streams, running Orleans co. ship of land, and Memphremagog First lake. set- Population, 18o0, /-.». tled 1800. lies in The south part of the lake and gives it some trade Coventry, Here are abou 2,o00 Obookiah sicKeiiod to Canada. ocean. Pacific Coventrv lies 47 miles JN. sh-eo be and died in Cornwall in 1S18. 1 Montpelier, and has Irason his by E. from following is the inscription burgh on the south. grave monument in the village yard. Coventry, K. ^, a native of . . a very large of rise to the l-or country gave which he ei-n Missimi School, of this was a worthy member. He was designed once an Idolater, and was Priest but by the grace for a Pa-an and inGod, and bv the prayers ; of became structions of pious friends,he He was eminent tor a Christian. VV zeal. piety and missionary I. ^ Henry Oooolao.t, Owyhee. His arrival in "In memory hen return to his naalmost prepared the go?pel, bod tive isle to preach In his last to himself. him Kent CO. This is the nor h township, extending to and admirably line of Connecticut, and by watered by numerous ponds important branch ol Vlat river, an Coventry has long the Pawtucket. vafor the number and been noted manufactures, particuriety of its 1 he soil wool. larly of cotton and well adapted to agriof the town is pursuits it is well i.nprovcultural : of the proed and a large amount &c., is annually ducts of the dairy, took There are a number ot and prayed :ov produced. Coventry, all sickness he wept we nlpa.ant villages in both Owyhee, but was submissive, Lf'which are ^flourishing a heavenly i hjs died without fear, with and ti-ade. and glory manufacturing for its pat..mile on his countenance was distinguished 1818, aged town revolutionaiy in his soul, Feb. ITtb, ,io^-m during the 26." Coventry was incorporacontest. \. It lies 10 miles fe. Coventry, N. H., ted in 1742. Providence, and 8 N.W.trom N. N. fPom Grafton co., is 70 miles Population, iboO, t. b. £.. East Greenwich. from Concord, and 12 town is wa- 3,851. from Haverhill. This Oliverian broo^i co"i'«-i^*i'y> ct. tered bv branches of Amonoosuck rivers. In Wangombog, a and Wild Tolland CO. The is Moosethe S. E. part of Coventry and the Skungamug, Owl-head moun- beautiful pond, give hillock mountain. and Willimantic rivers, W. part of this town Hop power. In tain lies in the a good water rough and Coventry Coventry presents a town are two the south part of the and the soil to m W m mountainous aspect, several parts tivation. is not capable ol cul- ed This town was gran Theopbi us Fi ch Jan. 31, 1764, to and others, and was settled after the manufacto- cotfon and two woolen and otncr imries a machine shop operations by portant mechanical gut ot a This town was the water. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Mohegan Sachem, and was first setThe surface is un- tled in 1700. even, and the Coventry soil a lies gravelly loam. 18 ^niles E. from Hartford, and bounded N. by Tolland. Population, 1830,2,119. This town is celebrated as the birth place of Capt. Nathan Hale, unteered his services who vol- Washino-ton to discover the position of the my on Long Island. He fell a eneto mar- tyr to American liberty. Sent 22 ' ^ 1776, aged 22. LoRKjvzo Dow, an itinerart preacher, celebrated for his eccentricity was born in Coventry, October, 16, 1777. It is said that durinthe 38 years of his ministry he travel 1 duction of fruits and vegetableg than for grain. Some parts of the town are very fertile, but considerable of the land is rough and uneven. Providence market is suppUed with a considerable amount of the products of the town. The manufacture of cotton is very extensively of the Pawtuxet and Powchasset are constant and abundant. Cranston is a very pleasant town, and its proximity to Providence, (only five miles south west) gives it peculiar privileges. Population, 1830, 2,653. pursued. The water power Cra-%vfoi-tl, Washington Me. m this and foreign countries two 1828. This is a good township of hundred thousand miles. He died at land, and was foi-merly called AdGeorgetown, D. C, Feb. 2, 1834 ams. A large pond in Crawford and apart of another are the Craftstowry, Vt. sources ol a branch of East Machias Orleans co. Col. Ebenezer Crafts river. Population, 1837, 311. Lowas the father of this little led co. Incorporated, repub- cated about 30 miles N. from Mahonored, in chias and 140 E. N. E. from AuCraftsbury was gusta. It lies 25 miles S of the Canada line, 25 Crooked River, Me., miles N. from Montpelier, and about 15 S. S Rises in ponds in Oxford county: from Irasburgh. Population, 1830^ passes through Harrison, Otisfield ^^^^ *°^^" ^"^ ^"^ly watered and Raymond, and joins the outlet ? Black by ;„ river, Wild Branch, and ol Long poad into Sebago lake. 5 large natural ponds well stored witn trout. The village in Cross Island, Me. the cen- ^^ ^'^^' 1810, aged 70. settled in 1789. ,o* ™"^h W tre of the town is elevated, coma delightful prospect. manding Craitljei-2-y A Islands. Hancock co. These islands were ^tached to the town of Moun^ large island, off Machias bay, attached to the town of Cutler. Croydon, Siillivan co., is li, 44 M., m.iles N. N. W. from Concord, and 8 N. from when thev were Newport. The N. branch of Suincorporated. They lie a few miles gar river waters this town. On this i^. by S, from Mount Desert and stream is a woolen pesert unlil 1830, embrace Great and Little ry Cranber- Sutton's and Baker's islands. islands afTord good harbors and are well located for the shore tishery. Population, 1837, 183. These Cranston, R, Providence town is co. The more favorable I. of thi'^ for the prosoil factory and other mills. Croydon mountain is of considerable elevation, on which are two small ponds. The soil of Croydon is moist and rocky, and pioduces valuable ciops. Croydon was granted by charter to Samuel Chase, and others. May 31, 1763. It was settled in 1766. 1,057. Population, 1830. * �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Cumberland County, Me. Portland, chief town. Bounded N. by Oxford county, E. by Lincoln county, S. by the Atlantic ocean, and W. by York county and Area about 990 a part of Oxford. Population, 1820, square miles. 49,445; 1330,60,113; 1837,67,619. This is an excellent county of land, and under good cultivation. The commerce and manufactures of Portland and neighboring towns Casco bay is is very extensive. within the county, and affords it unrivalled privileges for navigation and the fisheries. It is watered by several large mill streams and the Cumberland and Oxford canal to Sebago lake, within the count\% gives to its chief town considerable inland trade. In 1837 there were 37,803 bushels of wheat raised in the county, and it contained 71,000 sheep. ; Cuuiberlaiid, Me. Cumberland co. Setoff from the westerly part of North Yarmouth in 1821. Population, 1837, \,51o. 54 miles S. Vv\ from Augusta, and 10 N. from Portland. Cumberland is pleasantly situated on Casco bay, and enjoys many navigable facili- Westfield river. It is a mountainous township but excellent for grazing. It produced, in 1837, 12,486 pounds of merino wool, the weight of 4,162 fleeces, valued at $7,492. The manufactures of Cummington consist of cotton and woolen goods, leather, palm-leaf hats, and scythe snaiths. Total value, in one year, J^9S,000. Iron ore and soapstone. Lincoln co. Situated on Saint George's river, opposite to the town of St. George 45 miles N. E. from Augusta, and about 12 miles S. from Warren. This place was settled by emigrants from Ireland, as early as ; 1733. Here was the celebrated stone fort, erected by Maj. Burton. Incorporated, 1789. Population, 1837, 732. Cutler, Me. Washington co. Cumberland, R. Providence I. The manufac- co. ture of cotton and boat building i - extensively puisued in this town. Pawtucket, Mill and Peter's rivers, and Abbot's run, afford the town a good hydraulic power. There is some good land in Cumberland, producing a variety of articles for Providence market from v/hich it is distant 8 miles N. Population, 1830, 3,675. See Smithfield. ; Cummiugtan, Mass. Hampshire co. Located 110 miles from Boston, and 20 \V. N. W. from Northampton. Incorporated, 1779. Population, 1837, 1,204. In this town are cood mill seats oa W. 10 S. by Little river, and is bounded "W, by Machias bay. Cutler has a good harbor, and a population of 667 164 miles E. by N. from Augusta, and 10 S. E. from Machias. Dalton, ties. Bounded the Atlantic Ocean, and about 20 miles S. W. from Yv'. Quoddy Head. It contains Little Machias bay and -X. H., Coos CO., lies between Lancaster and Littleton, on Connecticut river, and is 110 miles N. by Y/. from Concord. The Great, or Fifteen Mile Falls, on Connecticut river, commence in Dalton, and rush tumultuously along its northwest boundary. The town is also watered by John's river and several large brooks. The western and southern parts of this town are hilly. Along the borders of John's river the majestic white pine abounds. The soil on the highlands is deep, and well adapted to grazing is generally good, and in some parts easy of cultivation. Blake's pond, the only one in town, lies at the S. E. corner. Moses Blake and Wal- — �NEW ENGLAND were the first settlers of Dalton, and, with their families, for a long time the only inhabitants. Dalton was incorporated Nov. 4, 17S1. Population, 1S30, 532. iJlake was a famous hunter, and the moose which frequented the GAZETTEER. ter Bloss pond called by his name often fell by the accuracy of his shots. Blake and Capt. Bucknam, (one of the of Lancaster,) on a hunting excursion, fiied at a mark, settlers first on asmdlbet. Bucknam fired hist, and cut, at the distance of twenty rods, near the centie of a mark not larger than a dollar. Blake then fired, and on going to the tree on which the mark was made, no trace of the ball could be discovered. Bucknam exulted: "Cutout your ball," said Blake, " and you'll find mine o'top on't." The operation being performed, the two balls were found, the one safely lodged upon the other, IPaltoii, boots and shoes. Total amount in one year, $47,813. In 1837, the product of 4,2.38 sheep was 11,852 pounds of wool, valued at $5,725. Me. This river has its source in ponds in Jefferson and Nobleborough its general course is southerly between Newcastle, Edgecomb and Boothhay, on the west, and Bristol on the east. It is navigable for vessels of any burthen 16 miles, to the bridge ; crosses it between New- and Nobleborough. Large quantities of lumber descend, and many merchant ships arc built on this broad and navigable arm of the castle sea. Woi'ccster co. Dana lies 65 miles from Boston, and 27 W. N. W. from \Vorcester. branch of Swift river passes through the town. Some leather is tanned in Dana; and 70,000 palm-leaf hats were A made in 1836', Inccporated, 1837, valued 1781. $10,500. Population, at 6()0. Danbiiry, W. H., Is in the S. part of and It is Grafton county, the form of a diamond. IG miles S. by W. from Ply- lies in mouth, and 30 N. W. from Concord. This town is generally hilly, although thei-e are some intervales. In the N. E. part is a large hill. eastern section is watered by Smith's river. The first settlement was made in Nov. 1771, and incoiporated June 18, 1795. Population, 1830, 786. The DaiilJiiry, Ct. consist of woolen cloth, iron castings, paper, ($37,500,) leather, I5am«i.-lscotta Hiver, Mass. W. Mass. Berkshire co. Dalton lies 120 miles W. from Boston, and 13 N. by E. from Lenox. Incorporated, 17S4. Population, 1837, 830. It is watered by the E. branch of Housatonick liver. Its manufactures which IDaiia, One of the shire towns of Fair- county. Danbury, the Pahqvioque of the Indians, was first settled in 1684. The soil of the town is good, and agreeably diverfield sified by hills and valleys. The borough or village is vei-y pleasantly situated in a valley, and is me- moi-able for its sacrifices in the revolutionary war. It was nearly destroyed by the British, with a large amount of continental stores, April, 1777. It lies 22 miles N. from Norwalk, 86 S. S. W. from Litchfield, and 55 S. W. by W. from Hartford. Robert Sandemaat, the founder of a religious sect,died at Danbury in 1771, aged 53. See Bethel, Ct. Daiiby, Vt. Rutland co. Situated near the head waters of Otter creek, 17 miles S. from Rutland, and QS S. S. W. Fii-st from Montpelier. settled, Population, 1830, 1,362.— 176S. The surface of the town is rough �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. and mountainous, but productive of extraordinary feed Some of the country are in best cattle. for dairies Danby. in the of butter and cheese, of supeare annually sent to There are some curious market. caverns in this town, one of great rior quality, — depth. This flourishing town N. W. from Salem, to which it was attached until 1757, and called " Salem Village." It is very pleasant, and has some mill and The manunavigable privileges. Essex CO. miles factures, for the year ending April amounted to $354,300. articles manufactured were 1837, The Chief town of Caledonia county. Danville village is very pleasantly situated near the centre of the town, and is suirounded by a beautiful farming country first settled, 1784. Charles Hacket brought the first woman into town, in 1785. PopuIt lies 28 miles lation, 1830, 2,631. N. E. from Montpelier. Here is a and Jo's pond, medicinal spi-ing covering 1,000 acres, lies mostly Several tributaries of in the town. the Passumpsic give the town a good This is a place of water power. considerable manufactures and domestic trade. : Daiivers, Mass. 1, Pop- Danville, Vt. Large quan- tities lies 2 cord, and 10 S. W. of Exeter. ulation, 1830, 528. boots and shoes ($435,1)00,) leather, ($264,400,) nails, bricks, pottery ware, glue, lasts, morocco, chocolate, shoe pegs, shoe and soap boxes, soap and candles. Population, 1830, 4,228 ; 1837, 4,804. Danville, Me. ; Darien, Ct. Until 1820, Darien Fairfield co. was a parish in the tOAvn of Stam- The soil is excellent, and well adapted to tillage and grazing. It lies 5 miles W. from Norwalk, and 42 S. W. from New Haven. Population, 1830, 1,201. ford. Cumberland co. This town, forDuring divine service, on Sunmerly called Pejepsco, was set off from the westerly part of North day, 22d of July, 1781, a party of Population, British troops surrounded the meetYarmouth, in 1802. ing house at this place, and made the whole congregation prisoners. Farming is the principal The males were tied, two and two, land. they and the Rev. Moses Mather, D. D., business of the inhabitants raised, in 1837, 1,218 bushels of a man distinguished for his learning and piety, placed at their head. wheat. They were marched to the shore, Danville, ]V. H. taken to Long Island, and afterBockingham CO. It was incorpo- wards to New York, where they rated February 22, 1760 ; formerly suffered a cruel imprisonment. a part of Kingston, and until re- Some of them never returned. cently known by the name of Dartnioutli, Mass. Hawice. The soil is uneven, but in The Aponiganset of Bristol CO. some parts good. Acchusnut river sea-port on Buzpasses over the north west corner. the Indians. Long pond lies in the east part, and zard's bay, on the W. side of AcThe cushnet river, 56 miles S. from BosCub pond on the west side. ton, and 3 W. from New Bedford. first settlements were made by JonPopulation, athan Sanborn, Jacob Hook, and Incorporated, 1664. There are 5 vessels others, between 1735 and 1739. 1837, 3.958. Danville lies 33 miles S. E. of Con- belonging to this place engaged in It lies 32 miles S. W. 1837, 1,282. from Augusta, and 29 N. from Port- ; — A �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. the whaling business, and a number ia coasting;, and other fisheries. The pioduct of the whale, cod and mackerel fisheries the year ending April 1, 1837, amounted to ^93,103. The value of wool grown was $2,110. The value of salt manufactured, of vessels built, of leather tanned, and of boots and shoes made, was $27,910. Population, river, in Maine, Hancock is an im- ; Dead river, in New co. Incorporated, 1837. bounded on the W. by Ellsworth. Union river passes through In 1837 it had its N. W. corner. a population of 427, and produced It is 1,550 bushels of wheat. Dedliam, Mass. portant tributary to the Kennebec. It rises on the border of Lower Canada, in the county of Franklin. It passes in a S. E. direction 40 or 50 miles ; then N. about 10 it then changes to the E., and after passing about 15 miles it falls into the Kennebec, about 20 miles below Moose Head lake. The lands on Dead river and its numerous tributaries are very fertile and heavily wooded. Dead Stream, in Maine, is a considerable tributary to the Penobscot, from the west. It empties at Orono, opposite to the Indian village. rises in the 15 miles Dedliam, Me. Dead Rivers. Dead 1837, 799. N. from Augusta. Hampshire, N. W. corner of the Coos county, and after receiving several tributaries it falls into the Margallaway. state, in Deanfield, Me. at the N. W. corner Hancock county, between Passadumkeag river and Olammon stream. See Barnard, Me, Located of Dearborn, Me. Norfolk CO. County town. This town is on Charles river, with a good water power. It is 10 miles S. W. from Boston, 35 E. from Worcester, 35 N. W. from Plymouth, 26 N. by W. from Taunton, and 30 N. E. from Providence. It has a beautiful court house of hewn granite. railIts Indian name was Tiot. road from the centre of the town meets the Boston and Providence rail-road, about two miles at the eastward. The manufactures of Dedham the year ending April 1, 1837, amounted to $510,755. They consisted of cotton and woolen goods, leather, boots, shoes, paper, mar- A bled paper, iron castings, chairs, cabinet wares, straw bonnets, palmleaf hats, and silk goods. The value of silk goods manufactured was $10,000. Dedham village is very pleasant, and possesses every inducement to render it a desirable residence for the mechanic or man of leisure. Population, 1837, 3,532. Deerfield, ]V. H., Rockingham co., is 18 miles E. E. from Concord, and 30 W. by N. from Portsmouth. This town has a number of very pleasant ponds which afford fish of various kinds. Moulton's pond is situated at the W. part of the town. This pond, although small, is noted on account S. Kennebec co. The soil of this town is excellent, particularly around Great pond, which covers a large portion of the surface, and has a number of islands of great beauty. This pond is connected with other large sheets of water in Belgrade, Mount Vernon, and Rome, which render this part of the county highly picturesque. Dearborn was incorporated in 1812. of its having no visible inlet, and therefore is supposed to be supplied by a subterraneous passage, as the water is always of nearly an equal depth. The outlets of the pond run �WEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. This pond remarkable on account of having been often sounded witliIn opposite directions. is also A out discovering any bottom. branch of Lamprey river passes S. and S. E. through Deertield. The surface of this town is uneven, the and fertile, although soil durable hard to cultivate. The Tuckawaj^, and a place of considerable commerce. The manufactures of this place, for one year, amounted to $147,190. They consisted of leather, boots, shoes, cutlery, ($100,000) chairs, cabinet w' are, palm-leaf hats, lead pipe, hair cloth and beds, wagons and carriages, pocket books, wallets, and corn-broorns. The value of wool grown, the same year, between Deertield and NottingFrom the ham, the Saddleback,between Deer- (1836) was $2,708. tield and Northwood, and Fort mountains in this vicinity, delightmountain on the V/., are the prin- In the W. part of this town, on the southerly side of a ridge of rocks which extend 3-4 of a mile, is a natural formation in the rock, for sixty years designated as the " Indian Camp." Its sides are irregular, and the top is covered by a canopy of granite projecting about 14 feet, affording a shelter from the sun and rain. cipal elevations. On the E. side of this camp is a natural tlight of steps, or stones resembling steps, by w'hich persons may easily ascend to the top of the rock. Deerfield was once a place of favorite resort for deer, great numbers of which were taken. While the petition for the town was pending, a Mr. Batchelder killed a deer, and presenting it to Gov. Wentworth, obtained the act under the name of Deer-field. The town was and Robertson, Benjamin Batchelder and others. During the Indian wars the inhabitants lived in garrisons, but no serious mischiefs were experienced. Population, 1830, 2,086. settled in 1756 1758, by John Deei'iield, Mass. Franklin co. At the junction of Connecticut and Deerfield rivers, on the west side of the former, and on both sides of the latter. The Pocumfuck of the Indians. It is 95 miles W. by N. from Boston, 4 S. from Greenfield, and 17 N. from Northampton. First settled, 166S. Incorporated, 1G82. Population, in 1837, 1,952. very pleasant town, A 10* ful views are obtained. Deerfield Mountain is 700 feet above the plain. Sugar Loaf Mountain rears conical peak of red sandstone 500 above the river, and overlooks the ground of many sanguinary battles between the whites and InThis is a place of great indians. While the traveller lingers terest. here, enjoying the beautiful scenery, and hospitality of the people of tills quiet town, he cannot fail of contrasting the present scenes with those of former j'cars ; particularly its feet Bloody Brook, xn 1675, of 90 young men from, the county of Essex were slain by ruthless savages. A monument, commemorating this event, was with \h^{ when a Vit company erected in 1S38. Deerfield River. This beautiful and important Indian stream joins the Connecticut between Greenfield and Deertield. It rises in the liigh grounds of Windham county, near Stratton, Dover and Somerset, Vermont; and proceeding in a S. E. course, it passes through Monroe, Florida, Rowe, Charlemont, Hawley, Buckland, Shelburne and Conway. The most important tributaries to this stream are Cold river; a river from Heath and Coleraine one from Leyden, via Greenfield, and a river from Conway. Its whole length is about 50 miles. In some places Deerfield river is rapid, and Its pasits banks very precipitous. sage through the mountains is verv curious and romantic. ; �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Deering, K". 11.^ 23 miles S. "W. Hillsborough from Concord, and 22 N. W. from It is diversified with Amherst. hills and valleys ; is well watered, and its soil is favorable to the several purposes of agriculture. There are tliree ponds, Dudley, Pecker'?, and Fulton's. The two former are sources of the N. branch of Piscatco., aquog" river. There are some man- ufactures in this town, and bricks are mads in a considerable quantiDeering was incorporated Jan. ty. The name was given by 17, 1774. several beautiful ponds. The principal business of the inhabitants is agricultural, for which they have a fertile soil, and which produced, wheat. in 1S37, 2,560 bushels of Deiaiiis, Mass. Barnstable co. This town crosses the cape, and was token from Yai"Population, 1837, mouth in 1793. It hes 8 miles E. by N. 2,750. from Barnstable, and 7 W. from Harwich. The first salt produced by solar evaporation in this country was made in this town, by John Sears and others, in 1776. About whose maiden name was 7,000 tons of shipping belong to this Dering. The first permanent set- town, principally engaged in fishtlement was made in 1765, byAIex- ing and coasting, and all manned by Bass river, ander Robinson. Population, 1S30, natives of the town. Gov. John Wentwortb, in honor of his wife, 1,227. from a pond, affords a small water power. 150 ship-masters belong to this town, sailing from various ports in the Union, The products of the cod and mackerel tishing, in one year, amounted to $50,899. The manufacture of common salt, Epsom salts, vessels, and lampblack, amounted to ,4p25,975. ri.--ing Beer Hancock co. Isle, Me. This town is con- stituted of three principal Islands Deer Island, Little Deer Island, and the Isle of Haut, They com- prise about 17,000 acres, and v/ere inhabited before the revolutionaiy war. Incorporated, 1789. Population, 1S37, 2,473. The principal island lies about 2 miles S. W. from Sedgewick harbor, and 95 miles E. by S. from Augusta. These islands have good harbors, and are well located for the shore fishery. Although they are situated near the sea they produce good crops and Deiiaiysvillc, Washington co. This town is bounded on the S. by Cobscook bay, and watered by a river of the same name. It lies 172 miles E. N. E. from Augusta, and 22 N. E. from Machias. wheat. Islaiatis, W. H. In Connecticut river, between and Barnet, Vt., are five in number, The largest contains 38 acres. Lyman DesiaiarSi, Ble. Oxford CO. Incorporated, 1S07. Population, 1837, 1,0»2. It lies S5 miles S. W. by W. from Augusta, about 28 S. W. from Paris, and 47 N. W. from Portland. Denmark is finely Population, 1837, Dei-lby, Beer watered by Saco river and Me. Orleans co. Vt. First settled, 1795. bounded on the N. by Lower Canada, and on the W. by Memphremagog lake. Clyde liver, the It is Salem pond, affords it a This town is good water power. very pleasant, level and fertile ; the it has some manufactures farmers are industrious and rear a outlet of ; — number of sheep. Derby is 50 miles N. N. E. from Monfpelier, and 15 N. N.E. from Irasburgh. Population, 1830, 1,469. large �NEW ENGLAND Derby, New Haven Ct. township, taken from Londonderry The co. Indian name It of this town was Paugasset. was purchased of the Indians, and incorporated in 1675. The suris uneven, with some fertile meadow on the banks of the rivers. Derby is watered by the Housatonick and Naugatuck rivers. Derby Landing, Smithville and Humphreysville, are the principal face of the t-own places of business. The Landing is on the east side of the Housatonick, just below the junction of that river with the Naugatuck, and is 8 miles N. W. from Haven, and 14 from the mouth of the river at Stratford, on Long Island Sound. Vessels of 10 feet draught of water can pass to New the Landing, fi-om which wood and other commodities are transported by water. Smithville is located in view of the Landing, and commands a beautiful prospect. It has extensive manufactures of copper, in sheets and wire, augurs, carriage springs and-'asletrees, nails and tacks, flannels, satinets, and other operations by the waters of the Naugatuck, passing through a canal of about a mile in length. This village was commenced in 1S34, and is very flourishing. Hiwiphreysville is located in a valley, on the Naugatuck river, about 4 miles from the Landsmall GAZETTEER. The principal manufaclinen thread and cloth, palm-leaf hats and shoes. The village is very handsome, and a great thoroughfare for travellers. The soil is very productive, and the inhabitants are remarkable for their industry, general wealth and longevity. Derry lies 18 miles W. in 1828. tures are S. W. from Exeter, and 25 S. E. from Concord. Population, 1830, 2,176. Dexter, Me. Penobscot first co. settled in 1801. This town was Incorporated, 67 miles N. E. from Augusta, and 35 N. W. from Ban1815. It lies Population, 1S37, 1,401. Dexa valuable township of land. The farmers reap a rich reward for their labors. In 1837, 7000 bushels of wheat was raised. In this town is a pond covering 500 acres, at the outlet of which are mills and a beautiful village. gor. ter is Diamond River, N. H. Diamond river has its source in Diamond pond, artstown. From thence principal in Stew- passes through Dixville, and after receiving several tributaries, falls into the Dead river near its junction with the Margallaway. it Digliton, Mass. A Bristol CO. port of entry, on The Humphreysville Manuthe west side of Taunton river, oppofacturing Company was incorporated in 1810. The building is 4 sto- site to Berkley. Population, 1837, In this 1,453. 40 miles S. from Boston, 8 ries high and 100 feet long. S. from Taunton, and 20 N. W. by village and around it is some of the W. from Bedford, There are most beautiful and romantic scenein this place three cotton factories, ry in England. This village a woolen mill, a furnace, and other derived its name from the Hon. David Humphreys, a native of iron works. Tonnage of the dis" Derby, a poet, an aid to Washing- trict, 9,032 tons. The noted Dighton Rock," so called, on which are ton, and a minister to Spain. He inscriptions difficult to decypher, died at New Haven, February 21, in fact lies on the Berkley side of 1818, aged 66. the river. The value of cotton and Derry, X. H. woolen goods, boots and shoes, Rockingham co. fine grazing pig iron and wooden ware manu- ing. New New A �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. factured, and vessels huilt in Dighton, in one year, was $30,000. Dixneia, Me. Oxibrd CO. This is a good farming town on the north bank of ths Androscoggin river, 42 miles N. W. by W. from Augusta, and 25 N. by Incorporated, 1S03. E. from Paris. Population, 1837, 1,148. In 1837, 5,522 bushels of wheat was raised in Dixfield. Dixmout, Me. This town derived its nam.e from Dr. Elijah Dix, late of Boston, one of the original propi-ietors, and from a hill or mountain in the town, beautifully wooded to its summit. It is on the height of land between the Kennebec and Penobscot. The surface of the town is undulating the soil excellent and of easy cultivation. It annually produces large quantities of hay, some corn, rye and wool. In'l837, a bounty "of $649 40 was obtained for raising 932 1-2 bushels of wheat. There is a pond in the town and some mill privileges. Dixmont lies 44 miles N. E. from Augusta, and 24 S. W. from Ban- Penobscot co. ; gor. Incorporated, 1807. Popu- lation, 1830, 1,323. Dixville, N. H., was granted in 1805, Col. Timothy Dix, jr., of Boscawen. comprises It 31,023 acres of uneven land. Numerous streams meander through this town from the surrounding Coos to the CO., late heights. Dixville lies about 40 miles N. N. E. from Lancaster. [n 1810 it had a population of 12 and in 1830, of only 2. ; Dorcliester, N. Grafton highlands co., is II., situated on the between Connecticut and Merrimack rivers, 12 miles from the former, and 8 from the latter. It is 23 miles S. by E. from Haverhill, 50 N. W. from Concord, and 90 N. \V. by W. from Portsmouth. The piincipal streams are the S. branch of Baker's river, a branch of Mascomy, and Rocky branch. There are two considerable ponds, both in the W. part of The soil in some parts the town. vei-y fertile ; paiticularly the intervales on the branch of Baker's river. The highlands are very uneven, and the greater part rocky. First settled about the year 1772. Population, 1830, 702. is Dorcliester, Mass. Norfolk CO. This ancient and respectable town lies on Dorchester bay, in Boston harbor, 5 miles S. from Boston, and 7 N. E. from Dedham. Population, 1837, 4,564. It was first settled by a party of Puritans from England. These pilgrims landed from the ship Mary and John, at Nantasket, on the 11th of June, 1630, and on the 17th day of that month they located themselves at the Indian Mattapan, and called it Dorchester, in honor of their pious and learned friend, the Rev. John White, of Dorchester, 120 The town miles W. from London. was incorporated on the 7th of September following, and included most of the territory of the towns of Milton, Canton, Stoughton, Sharon, and that part of Boston on which stand " Dorchester Heights," memorable for their sudden conversion into a fortress, for the protection of Boston harbor, by order of Washington, on the night of March 4, These lands were obtained 1776. fjom the Indians by purchase, not by combat. The present limits of the town are about 6 by 3 1-2 Dorchester furnished piomiles. neers for the settlement of many party from parts of ihe country. this town crossed the trackless wilderness in 14 days, and settled Hartford, on Connecticut river, in 1635. In 1695, another party emigrated from this place, and settled Dorchester, in South Carolina, and af- A �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. terwards Medway, in Georgia. The but vesoil of Dorchester is rocky, of ry fertile and under a high state It is exceedingly procultivation. ductive, particularly of vegetables, Its surface is and flowers. greatly variegated, presenting a continual succession of picturesque and delightful views of the coun- fruits try, city, and sea. Its hill-tops and valleys"^are decked with farm houses and tasteful villas, and no where can be found the union of town and country enjoyments more complete. beautiful Neponset washes the whole of the southern border of The the town, and besides its navigable privileges, affords it a large and val- uable water power. The first wa- ter mill in America was erected in this town, in 1633 ; and here, about the same time, the cod fishery, the New England, was first commenced. There are now 4 vessels employed in the whale, and 16 boast of Toin the cod and other fisheries. Capital tal tonnage, 2,210 tons. Product, in invested,^ $190,000. The manuone year, $138,349. factures of Dorchester consist of cotton goods, boots, shoes, hats, paper, cabinet w^are, block tin, tin ware, leather, wearing apparel, soap, candles, chocolate, and playing cards ; the aggregate amount of which, in one year, was $457,400. The first settlers of Dorchester ''Here lies Suffolk A our Captain and Major of was witlial, Godly Magistrate was he and Major General, troops of horse with him here came, such worth his love did crave, Ten companies of foot also, mourning Two to his grave. that read be sure to faith as he has done 5 marched Let keep the all With Christ he lives now crowned, name was Humphrey Atherton." his the grave of three brothers, by the name of Clarke. "Here lies three Clarks, their accounts are even. Entered on earth, carried up to heav- On en." Johnson, in his " Wonder Working Providence," thus speaks of Dorchester in 1654. " The forme of this Towne is almost like a Serpent turning her head to the Northward ; over against Tompson's Island, and the c'astle, her body and wings being chiefly built on, are filled somewhat thick of Houses, onely that one of her Wings is clift, herTayle being of such large extent that Shee can hardly draw it after her. Her houses for dwelling are about one hundred and forty Orchards and Gardens, full of Fruit-trees, plenty of Corne Land, although much of it hath been long in tillage, yet hath it ordinarily good crops ; came a regularly organized church, the number of trees are near upon They 1500. Cowes and other Cattell of with its pastor and officers. Thus hath soon erected a house of public wor- that kinde about 450. ship but it is a singular fact that the Lord been pleased to increase " none can tell the precise spot his poore dispersed people, whose where the first meeting-house was number in this Flock are n.ear about Their first Pastor called to located, nor does a single stone re- 150. main to designate the site of the feede them was the Reverend and There godly Mr. Maveruck." original burying ground." Among the first settlers of Dorare, however, some mementos of The earliest date in chester was George Minot, a rulolden times. the present ancient cemetery that ing elder of the church for thirty can be distinctly traced,is 1644. We years. He erected a dwelling-house copy the following from among ma- in that part of Dorchester where ny singular effusions, found on the the pleasant village of Neponset grave-stones in that cemetery, in now stands. That house is now standing, and is doubtless one of commemoration of the dead. ; ; �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. the oldest houses in the country. It is in good repair, and has ever remained in possession of Mr. P^Iinot's lineal descendants. Mr. Minot died December 24, 1671, aged This house is more celebrated 78. for the female heroism displayed within its walls, than for its anti- A quity. pai'ty of Narraganset Indians, hunting on the borders of Neponset river, stopped at elder Minot's house and demanded food and drink. On being refused they threatened vengeance, and the sachem, or chief of the party, left an Indian in ambush to watch an op- portunity to effect in the absence of except a young it. all Soon the woman after, family, and two small children, the Indian attacked the house and fired at the young- woman, but missed his mark. The placed the children under two brass kettles and bade them be siShe then loaded Mr. Minot's lent. gun and shot the Indian in the shoulder. He again attacked the house, and in attempting to enter the window, the girl threw a shovel full of live coals into his face and lodged them in liis blanket. On The next day this the Indian fled. he was found dead in the woods. The Indian's name was Chickataubut, but not the Narraganset sachem of that name. The government of Massachusetts bay presented this brave young woman with a silver wristband, on which her name was engraved, with this motto, «< She slew the JVarrhaganset hungirl terr There is a cavern in the south part town of some note. It is entered by an aperture nearly 10 feet square, " which opens into a spacious room nine rods in length and four wide. At the further end of this apartment are two openings which are about 30 feet apart. The of the one on the right is three feet from the floor, and is about 20 inches by six feet in length. It leads to an apartment 20 feet long, 12 wide and From 12 high. this room there is an opening sufhcient to admit a man to pass through sideways about 20 feet, when it opens into a large hall 80 feet long and 30 wide. The other aperture from the first room is about as large as a common door, and leads to an apartment 12 feet square, out of which is a passage to another considerable room, in which is a spring of water. This cavern is said to have been explored 40 or 50 rods without arriving at the end." Dorset lies 26 miles N. from Bennington and 91 S. S. W. from Montpelier. Population, 1830, 1,507. Douglas, Mass. Worcester co. This town lies 47 miles W. S. W. from Boston, 17 S. E. from Worcester, and 21 N. W. from Providence. Population, Here is good mead1830, 1,742. ow land, iron ore, and valuable water privileges on Mumford river. In this town was manufactured, in 1836, $55,000 value of cotton goods; leather, boots and shoes, $5,250 $1,500 and $116,400 of axes and ; ; hatchets besides large quantities of hatchet handles and shoe lasts. Incorporated, 1731. ; Dorset, Vt. Bennington co. This town was 1768, and organized Paulet and the following year. Battenkill rivers rise in this town, and, with the waters of Otter creek, which pass the northern part, afford some mill privileges,which are used for manufacturing purposes. There are two mountains partly in this town, the Dorset and Equinox. Dover, Me. first settled in Bounded N. by Piscataquis co. Piscataquis river, S. by Garland, W. by Sangerville and E. by Atkinson. It lies 77 miles N. by E. from Augusta, and about 35 miles N. W. from Bangor. Incorporated, 1822. Dover is Population, 1837, 1,042. the shire town of this new county. �NEW ENGLAND and remarkable for its beauty. It produced, in 1837, 10,290 bushels of wheat. Dover, N. H. This is one of the roost interesting and important towns in New Hampshire. It is one of the county towns of Strafford county, and lies 40 miles E. from Concord, 12 N. W. by N. from Portsmouth, and 45 Population, S. W. from Portland. 1830, 5,549. The principal streams of Dover, are the Cocheco, and Bellamy Bank, or Back river. They a S. E. course through the town, and unite with other waters to form the Piscataqua. Cocheco, or Quochecho river, has its rise from several small take streams in New Durham, which unite in Farmington, whence the river meanders through Rochester, there receiving the Isinglass, a tributary, and thence passes through Dover into the Newichwannock,nr Salmon Fall river, the principal bianch of the Piscataqua. The Cocheco is a beautiful river, and very important to the inhabitants of Rochester and Dover. Passing over town in any direction, the traveller finds no rugged mountains, nor extensive bariyin plains, but occasionally ascends gentle swells of land, fro.m the height of which the eye meets some delightful object; this a w'inding stream, a well cultivated farm, or a distant village. In the S. part of the town is a neck of land about 2 miles long and half a mile broad, having Piscataqua on one side, and Back river on the other. From the road on either hand, the land gradually descends to the rivei's. It commands a very delightful, variegated, and extensive prospect of bays, adjacent shores, and distant mountains. On this neck the first settlement of the town was made, in 1623, by a company in England, whose dt-ign it was to plant a colony, and estab- GAZETTEER. a fishery around the Piscatafor which purpose they sent over, with several others, Edward and William Hilton, fishmongers, of London. These men commenced their operations on the Neck at a place by the Indians called Winilish qua ; chaJianat ,whichthey caWed jYortham, and afteiwards Dover, For several years, this spot embraced the principal part of the population of the town here was erected the first meeting-house, afterwards surrounded with an entrenchn^ent, and ; remains of which are here the people assembled to worship, and to transact their public business. In process of time, the business and population of the town began to centre around Cocheco falls, about 4 miles N. V/. from the neck. These fit! Is are in the river whose name they bear, and give to the water that passes over them a sudden descent of 32 1-2 feet. Situate at the head of navigation, about 12 miles from the ocean, having a fertile country on the north, west, and south, they are considered among the most valuable in New England. Around flankarts, the still visible these falls ; the beautiful village of Dover is situated, containing many handsome buildings. The Dover "Cotton Factory Companj," at Cocheco falls,- was incorporated in 1820. They have one brick mill of 420 feet by 45, 7 stories high, and two otlier mills of the same material, 154 by 43 feet, one 5 and the other 6 stoiies high. These mills contain 25,040 spindles and 768 looms, and manufacture annually 5,000,000 yards of cotton cloth the principal part of which is bleached, and printed into calico by the company. This company employ a capital of more than a million of dollars, and about 1,000 persons. There are other manufacturing establishments at Dover, but this i? the principal. society of Friends was estab; A �NEW ENGLAND lished here at an earlj^ period, and formerly comprised about one third of the population. congregational church was organized in 1638. Mr. Leverich, a worthy puritan, was their first minister, and probably the first ordained minister that preached the gospel in Hampshire. Mr. Leverich soon removed, and until the settlement of the pious Daniel Maud, in 1642, the church was much oppressed by the bad character of their ministers. A A New The Rev. Jeremy Belkt*^ap, I). D. the celebrated historian of GAZETTEER. 23 persons svere killed, and prisoners. The Indians were soon overtaken and nearly the whole party destroyed. affair, made 29 Dover, Vt. Windham co. This town was a part of Wardsborough, until 1810. It lies 12 miles N. Vv. from Brattle- borough, 17 N. E. from Bennington, and 120 S. by W. from Moutpelier. The land in Dover is high and uneven more fit for pasturage than tillage. It is the source of several branches of VVest, and a branch of Deerfield river. Serpentine and chlorite slate are found ; iMew Hampshire, was ordained in this town in 1767. He removed to here. Boston, and was settled there April He died in Boston, June 4, 1787. 20, 1798, aged 54. This town in its early years was greatly frequented by the Indians and experienced many sufferings in their repeated attacks upon the inhabitants. In 1675, Maj. Waldron by a stratagem secured about 200 Indians at Dover, who had at times exhibited signs of hostility. Seven or eight of them, who had been guilty of some atrocities, were immediately hanged, and the rest sold into slavery. The Indians abroad rega-ded this act of Waldron — Population, 1830, 831. Bover, Mass. Norfolk CO. Dover lies 5 miles from Dedham, and 14 S. S. W. from Boston. It was taken from Dedham in 1784. This town is bounded northeily by Charles river, and in it are manufactures of nails, iron hoops and rods, ploughs, brushes, boots and shoes. Total amount of manufactures in 1836, $99,658, Vy\ The surface of Dover is uneven, and a large part of it covered Vvitu wood. Population, 1837, 518. EJo«-ii East, Tile, breach of faith, and swore TVe crave the facor of a letter against him implacable revenge. In 1689, after a lapse of 13 yea^rs, frcra our friends " Down East." they determined to execute their See Barnard, Me. project. Previous to the fatal night I>raciit, Mass. (27th of June) some hints had been thrown out by the squaws, but they Middlesex co. Dracut is united were either misunderstood or dis- to Lowell by a bridge over Merriregarded and the people sufiered mack river. The town is pleasantthem to sleep in their garrisons as ly situated on the N. side, on the usual. In the stillness of night the line of N. H., with a tolerable soil doors of the garrisons were opened, and some water power, by Beaver and the Indians, at a concerted sig- river. It lies 27 miles N. fiom Eosnal, rose from their lurking places, ton, and 16 N. by E. from Concord. and rushed upon the defenceless in- Incorporated, ITOl. Population, habitants. Waldron, though 80 years 1837, 1,898. The manufactures of of age, made a gallant defence, but Dracut consist of woolen goods, was overwhelmed by the superior leather, cutlery, boots and shoes. numbers of his adversaries, who Annual amount, exclusive of woolliterally cut hirn to pieces. In this en goods, about ^'25,000. as a ; �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Dresden, Me. Lincoln co. On the E. bank of Kennebec river, near the head of Swan Island, 9 miles N. W. from Wiscasset, 14 S. from Augusta, and 59 N. E. from Portland, This is a large agricultural township, with some trade on the river. Previous to the division of the county, in 1789, Dresden was the shire town or place where all the courts in Maine were holden, E. of Kenne- bec Dresden was incorpo- river. Popula- rated as a town in 1794. tion, 1S37, 1,570. TValjiole, Dviljlin, who shall statedly preach in Dublin. The first settlements were in 1762, by John Alexander, and others. Population, 1S30, 1,218. ister, Dudley, Mass. Dre%vsville, N. H. See land in general is much better for grazing than tillage. The late Rev. Edward Sprague bequeathed nearly 8,000 dollars for the support of public schools, the annual interest of which is to be applied to this obHe also left the town $5,000, ject. the interest of which, paid quarterly, is to be applied to the support of an ordained congregational min- Worcester co. This good farming town was called by the Indians Chahanaknngkomwn. H. It is finely by the Qiiinnebaug and excelCheshire co. It is 10 miles E. other stream?, and possesses During the S. W. lent mill privileges. by S. from Keene, and 50 trie valfrom Concord. Dublin is situated year ending April 3, 1837, Dudley heio-htof land between Con- ue of the nian'.if.ic'ures of on the The artinecticut and Merrimack rivers. Its amounted to $346,826. were woolen streams are small those on the W. cles manufactured ]^f. watered ; side run into the Ashuelot, those on The the E. into Contoocook river. rain which falls on the roof of the goods, leather, sIjoos, scythe snaiths, The valchairs, and cabinet ware. ue of wool grown was .$1,585. Dudley lies 55 miles S. W. from church is shared by the rivers. and There is a pond near the middle of Boston, IS S. from Worcester, pond, one 34 N. W. from Providence. Incorpothe town called Centre 1837, 1,415. mile in length and about the same rated, 1731. Population, A large portion of the lies in the N. W. part of Dublin, and near the centre of the town is Breed's mounMonadnock was formerly cotain. vered with a growth of small tim- in breadth. Grand Monadnock ber and shrubbery, but tires having run over it at different times, than ragged it presents little more Between the rocks, howthere are low whortleberry bushes, which produce great quantities of fruit of a very rich flavor. The season for ripening is the latter part of August, and to those rocks. ever, who son ascend the summit at this seathey are peculiarly grateful. This mountain is not difficult of acThe view from its summit cess. Its height is 3,718 feet is sublime. above the level of the sea. The 11 Duke's County, Ma ,s. Edgarton is the county town. This county is formed of the islands of Martha's Vineyard, ChappequidIslands, and No dic, Elizabeth latter of which the southern extremity of MasThese islands lie off sachusetts. and S. of Barnstable county and Buzzard's bay, and contain about 120 square miles. The principal island, Martha's Vineyard, the In- Man's Land— the is dian J\"ope, or Capaivock, was first settled by the whites, at Edgarton, in 1641, and is 21 miles in length and 6 in breadth. Although a large portion of this county is Avoodhmd, and many of the people engaged in the fisheries and coasting trade, yet considerable exports are annu- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. made of wool, v/oolen cloth, and grain. This county suffered much during the revolutionnry war. In 1778, the people were compelled to surrender their lire arms and 2,300 head of cattle to the British. Incorporated, l(>y5. Population, 1S20, 3,2</2; 1830,3,518; 1837, 3,735: 32 inhabitants to a square rnile. There were on these ally salt islands, in 1S37, 11,281 sheep. ©miinier, K. II., ants of Scotch Irish, so called, from the North of Ireland. Their posterity still retain many traits of character peculiar to that people. Dunbartcn was granted in 1751, to Archibald Stark and others. Its present name is deiived fiom Bumbarton, in Scotland, from whence Stark emigrated. The lirst settlement was made about 17-19. William Stinson, born in Ireland, came to Londonderry with his father. He was much respected and was a useCoos CO., is bounded N by Mills- ful man. James Rogers was from field and Errol, and comprises 23,Ireland, and father toMajor Robert 040 acres. it was granted March Rogers. Me was shot in the woods, 8, 1773, and is watered by the Ambeing niistaken fo!' a bear. monoosuck and Androscoggin. Bxiniiioi-e Italic, Vt. Population, 1830, G5. See Salisbury. UiisiaMicrstosi, Vt. Windham co. Biiii3tal>le, JJass. "West river passes through this town and gives it a Middlesex co. Nashua river wagood v/ater power. The surface is ters the N. W. part of the town, rough and hilly, but adapted to graz- and passes into Nashua, N. H. The ing. Black mountain, near tiie cen- surface of the town is level some tre, is a vast body of granite. Good part of it is good land, but generalslate for buildings, and primitive ly it is light and sandy. It has no liineslone ai-e found. There are in manufactures, and only 315 sheep. Dummerston some manufacturing Popuhition, 1837, 570. Incorporaconcerns. and a considerable nuxiiber ted, leSo. Dunstable lies 27 miles ; of sheep. Population, 1330, 1,592: 90 miles S. from Montpelier, and 8 S. E. from Newfanc. N. W. from Boston, IS N. by W. from Concord, and 6 S. from Nashua. Diii-Iiani, UiiiiUjartcii, Merrimack K. H. This town lies W. from Concoid, and 7 Hopkiajon. Population, co. 9 miles S. S. E. fj'om 1830, 1,0G7. The situation of the toAvn is somewhat elevated, though there are but fav/ hiiis, nor anv The air is clear, the good, and the health of its inhabitants is seldom interrupted by sickness. The soil is good, peculiarly suited for corn, wheat and orcharding. Almost every lot in town is capable of m.aking a good farm. mountains. water is The farmei-s here have good buildings and are excellent husbandmen. The advantages in point of water privileges arc not great. The inhabitants are principally Uviscend- — Me. Cumberland co. Located on the Androscoggin river, and S. side of united v.ith Lisbon by a bridge. This is a township of good land, and farming is the piincipal occupation of the inhabitants. Durham lies 25 miles N. from Portland and 31 S. W. from Augusta. Population, 1837, 1,832. Incorporated, 1789. is 32 miles E. by from Concord, 11 ?/. N. W. from Portsmouth, and 7 S. fiom Dover. Population, 1830,1,606. The situation of this town, upon tlie Piscataqua and its branches, is very favorable both as to water power and transportation. Oyster river, one of Stratford co., S. • �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. the branches of the Piscataqua, issues from Wheelwright's pond, in Lee, and after running nearly its whole course in Durham, furnishing in its progress several convenient mill seats, falls into the main river near Piscataqua bridge. This bridge is 2,600 feet in length and 40 in width. It cost $65,400. The tide flows in this branch of the river up to the falls near the meeting-house in the village, amount where business to a annually transacted. This village is a very central depot for the lumber and produce of the adjacent country. Lamprey river, another branch of the Piscataqua, runs through the westerly part of this town, over several falls remarkably well adapted for mill seats, into the town of New Market, wheie it falls into the Great Bay. Upon both sides of Oyster river, a deep argillaceous loam prevails, which is peculiarly favorable to the production large is of the grasses, of which very heavy crops are cut, and hay is an article of considerable export. Extensive ledges of excellent granite, with which this town abounds, have been much profitable em- the source of ployment A to the inhabitants. large block of detached granite in the southeast part of this town was formerly placed in a very singular situation. Its weight was 60 or 70 tons, and it was poised so exactly upon two other stones as to be visibly moved by the wind. It was some years since dislodged from this extraordinary position by the barbarous curiosity of some visitors. Durham was originally a part of Dover; but soon after its settlement was formed into a distinct parish by thf. name of Oyster river, from the stream which passes thi-ough it. From the abundance of excellent oysters found in its waters, this river probably derived its name, and it was a famous rendezvous of the Indians. For many years this place suffered exceedingly by Indian depredations and mur- ders. In 1694, when a large part of the inhabitants had marched to the westward, the Indians, who were dispersed in the woods about Oyster river, having diligently obseived the number of men in one of the garrisons, rushed upon eighteen of them, as they were going to their morning devotions, and having cut oil" their letreat to the house, put them all to death except one, who fortunately escaped. They then attacked the house, in which there were only two boys, beside the women and children. The boys kept them off for some time and wounded several of them. At length the Indians set fire to the house and even then the boys would not surrender till the Indians had promised to spare their lives. The however, perfidiously murthree or four children, one of whom they fixed upon a sharp stake in the view of its mother. The next spring the Indians narrowly watched the fiontiers, to determine the safest and most vulnerable points of attack. The settlement at Oyster river was selected for destruction. Here were twelve garrisoned houses, amply sufficient for the reception of the inhabitants; but not apprehending any danger, many of the families remained in their unfortified houses, and those who were in the garrisons latter, dered were siege, indifferently as powder. they prepared for were a destitute of The enemy approachc' the place undiscovered and halted near the falls. One John Dean, whose house stood near the falls, happening to rise very early for a journey before the dawn of day, was shot as he came out of his door. The attack now commenced on all points where the enemy was ready. The enemy entered the house of a Mr. Adams without resistance, where they murdered fourteen persons, whose graA'cs can still be traced. The house of John Buss, the minister, was destroyed �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. together with his valuable library. He was absent at the time, and his wife and family fled to the woods. Many other cruelties were perpetrated, when the Indians, fearing that the inbabitantsfrom the neighboring settlements would collect against them, retreated, having killed or captured between 90 and 100 persons, and destroyed 20 houses, 5 of wliich were garrisoned. Minute accounts of these disasters are given in Belknap's valuable History of New Hampshire, to which the reader is referred. Tbe first preacher who statedly officiated in Durham was John Buss; but he never was ordained. He died 1736, at the age of 108. Rev. Hugh Adams settled Maj. Gen. March 28, 1718. John Sullivan", of the revolutionary army, was a resident of this town, and died here Jan. 23, 1795. He was a native of Berwick, Me. ; was a distinguished commander during the war was president of the state three years, and afterwards district judge of New Hampshire. On all occasions he proved liimself the firm supporter of the rights of the country. ; !Dur3iai», Ct. Middlesex first settled This town was Its Indian co. in 1698. name was Coginchaug. It lies 7 miles S. by W. from Middletown, and 20 S. from Hartford. Population, 1830, 1,116. Agriculture is the principal employment of the people of JDurham, for which they have rather an uneven but fertile " This town has been distinsoil. guished many years for a very fine breed of cattle. Two oxen, presented by some of the inhabitants to General Washington, furnished a dinner for all the officers of the American army and all at Valley Forge, These oxen hundred their servants. were driven almost five miles, through a country nearly exhausted of its forage yet one of them, a steer, five years old, weigh; ed two thousand two hundred and seventy pounds." Capt. Israel Camp, a noted psalmodist died in Durham, in 1778. Duston's Islaiitl, ]^. H. This small island in the Merrimack at the mouth of Contoocook river, between Concord and Boscawen, has become celebj-ated on account of an exploit of a lady whose name it bears. On the 15th March, 1698, made a descent on Ha- the Indians verhill, Mass. where they took Mrs. Hannah Duston, who was confined her bed witii an infant only six days old, and attended by her nurse, Mary NifT. The Indians took Mrs. Duston from her bed and carried her away with the nurse and infant. They soon despatched the latter by dashing its head against a tree. When they had proceeded as far as this island, which has been justly called Duston's island, on their way to an Indian town situate a consid1o erable distance above, the Indians informed the women that they must be stripped and run the gauntlet through the villaoe on their arrival. Mrs. Duston and her nurse had been assigned to a family consisting of two stout men, three women, and seven children, or young Indians, besides an English boy who had been taken from Worcester. Mrs. Duston, aware of the cruelties that awaited her, formed the design of exterminating the whole family, and prevailed upon the nurse and the boy to assist her in A their destruction. little before day, finding the whole company in a sound sleep, she awoke her confederates, and with the Indian hatchets despatched ten of the twelve. One of the women whom they thought they had killed made her escape, and a favorite boy they designedly left. Mrs. Duston and her companions arrived safe home with the scalps, though their danger from the enemy and from famine in travelling so far, must have �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. with some lakes of smalThe general court of connected general outlet is north grant of ler size. The 14 Massachusetts made her a by Chipquedopskook river, about many other £50, and she received the river St. been great. miles in length, into valuable presents. John. taken Dwxl>Tiry, Vt. co. Duxbury vation. and was, a branch of Taunton river, 1S23, a part of the ancient until It is 24 miles S, by Brido-ewater. First settled, from Montpelier. Population, 1S30, 651. 17S6. W. from E. ir^m Boston and 17 S. Population, 1830, 1,653 Plymouth. DuxlJiiry, Mass. Plymouth This town co. Massachusetts bay bor in lies on Plymouth har- East Bridge water 1,927. good water power, and manhas a ufactm-ed the year ending April 1, goods. 1 he 1837, .$414,044 value of —1837, 29 miles S. E. trom Bos- It is N. from Plymouth. Duxa good bury aflTords some good land, variety ot water power and a great was Matscenery. Its Indian name ton and 6 \ al$69,543. The of vessels built, $169,048. ue cloth, leather,boots value of woolen to castings and shoes, salt, iron, brass tinware manufactured, amounted to Some attention is paid 4il05 787. manhere to rearing sheep, and the cordage. ufacture of tree in Duxbury an apple There noted ness. is for its It is a^e, size and fruitfulof a hundred forty feet in height, upwards It is years old. goods, articles consisted of cotton iron, nails, boots, shoes, leather, bar lead pipe, chaises, window tacks, boxes. blinds, sashes and shoe coasting aheeset. Ship buikling, the busiand fisheries is the chief trade In 1837, it had place. ness of the cod and 46 vessels employed in the fishery, the product ol mackerel which amounted inches and itscircuiT'l-ercnce, eight Its feet. from the around, is 16 barin one year, has made 10 fruit, hushels for of cider, besides 30 Eastljrooli, Plancock co. See " Down East." East number of vessels are owned and here, and the coasting trade give employment to many t^^heries The town is of the inhabitants. A watered by Maskachug and Hunt s nulls rivers, on which are cotton soil and other manufactories. The tovm is rather rough and of the of stony, but it yields good crops East corn, barley and potatoes. is noted for excellent and cider. The " Kentish Guards" was esproved tablished here in 1774, and officers, a nursery of distinguished General of which the celebrated Nathaniel Greene was one. Across Greenwich fruit Me. in the county Aroosof Penobsc'ot, between the took and St. John's rivers. 11* It is I. bay, 13 miles S. from Providence, and comprises an excellent harbor for ships of 500 tons burthen. See Steuhen. is R. set Dyer's Bay, Me. This large lake GreciiAvicli, This Shire town of Kent co. and town was incorporated in 1677, on Narraganis pleasantly located 1S37,2,7&J. the cellar. Population, Lalce, Me. Incorporated, 1837. rels Eagle Brunswick. East Briilgewatev, Mass. Plymouth co. This town lies on 12 miles \\. lies New to This town lies river, and is S. side of Onion on the of its branches. watered bv several good, The land along Onion river is greater part of the township hut the and unht for cultiis mountainous Washington Great quantities of logs arc sawed and sent to this outlet, ^ milos. the bay, to Bristol, is about 8 1,591. Population, 1830, �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. East Haddam, ^ Middlesex co. A Ct. 1,059. First settled, 1644. Incorporated, 1646. The product of the cod and mackerel iisbery in 1836, was $30,900. The value of salt, boots, shoes and palm-leaf hats manufactured, was {jJ!l0,561. town of con- siderable trade and manufacturing enterprise, on the east side of the Connecticut, and at the outlet of Salmon river. It lies 18 miles above the moutli of Connecticut river, 14 below Middletown, and 30 S. S. E. from Hartford. The soil is hilly and rocky, and more fit for grazing than tillage. Considerabie" business is done here in the shad fishery. It is supposed that more leather is made in this than in any other tov/n in the state. This place has line water privileges, both for navigation and manufactures. short distance from the centre of the town is a pond covering 1,000 acres. On the river EastliaiiiptoM, Mass. Hampshire co. This is a pleastown on the YV. side of Connecticut river. The Hampshire and ant Hampden canal passes through it. In the year ending April 1, 1837, $40,000 worth of lasting buttons were manufactured; also cotton goods, leather, boots and shoes, to the amount of $15,300 5 miles A formed by the outlet of pond, is precipitated over rocks nearly 70 feet perpendicular. The scenery around these falls is beautiful, and Vv'orthy of particular no- East Hartford, this the water There are 6 cotton mills in East of which manufac- Haddam, two ture twine. Leesville, on Salmon Mechanicsville, on river, Moodus and river, a branch of Salmon river, are very flourishing settlements. This place, the Indian Mackiis remarkable for frequent slight shocks of earthquakes, producing singular noises, which the moodus, Indians attributed to the anger of their gods towards the white^men. It is said that some valuable geological discoveries have recently been made in was first Hartford co. this quarter. The town settled in lG85,but not in- corporated until 1724. Population, in 1835, about 3,000. This is the birth place of many distinguished men. The venerable Nathaniel Emmons, D. D., of Franklin, Mass. was born here. Eastliani, Mass., Barnstable co., on a narrow part of the cape, 23 miles E. by N. from Barnstable. Population in 1837, Ct. This town is situa- ted opposite to Hartford, and connected with it by a bridge across Connecticut river. is generally town lice. S. : from Northampton. Pop. 1837, 793. alluvial meadows The of the but the on the border of soil fertile, the river, of which there is a large tract, is of a superior quality. The agricultural products of this town are very considerable. Hackanum river furnishes the town with a good water power,on which are valuable manufacturing establishments particularly of paper. East Hartford is noted for its manufactures in former years. The first powder mill in this country, it is said, was erected here in 1775. Anchors, mill screws, nail rods, gunpowder^ paper, snuff and glass were manufactured here in 1784. The ea?-ly settlers found the ferocious and war- Podunk Indians in this neighborhood. One sachem commanded two hundred bowmen. This is a very pleasant town. The main street, which is very long and v/ide, like tribe of delightfully shaded '"by stately elms. East Hartford was taken from Hartford in 1784. Population, 1830, 3,537. is East Haven, Vt. Essex CO. Moose river rises in �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. the easterly part of this town and the Passumpsic passes through the westerly part. The land is mountainous and most of it unfit for cultivation. It lies 45 miles N. from First settled, 1790. Montpelier Population, 1S30, 33. ilBast Haven, Ct. New Haven co. This town was taken from New Haven, in 1785, and is connected with New Haven by abridge. Population, 1830, 1,229. It has good navigable privileges, and is watered by Qaianipiac river. It has some trade, but the principal employment of the inhabitants is agriculture and fishing. This was a great resort for the Indians in former years. On Grave Hill was an Indian fort and cemeBones of Indians of a large tery. size, and domestic and warlike implements for savage use, have been found here. The Indian Well, in a granite rock, on an island in Stony river, is a curiosity. It is about 30 inches in diameter, very smooth at the bottom. It is now about 5 feet in depth, but formerly it was deepIt was evidently formed by er. the attrition of sand and pebbles which passed over this rock, it being at some former period, the bed of East Haven is pleasantthe river. ly located, and commands a fine prospect of Long Island Sound. Kast Kingston, N. Rockingham co. II. Its soil is of an excellent quality, and well adapted to the cultivation of grain and grass. Powow river crosses the S. W. part of this town, having its sources in the ponds of Kingston. The town was incoi-porated Nov. 17, 173S. Rev. Peter Cothn was settled here Population, 1S30, 442. It lies 40 miles S. E. by E. from Concord, and 20 S. S. W. from Portsin 1739. mouth. East Washington Slaciiias, 5Ie. co. This is a flour- town on navigable waters. was incorporated in 1S26, and is ishing It eastern part of Old Machias. on both sides of East Machias river, 149 miles E. by N. from Augusta. Population, 1837, 1,282. East Machias has a great water power, a large number of mills, and a very pleasant village. It is extensively engaged in the lumber the It lies trade. Elaston, Mass. Bristol CO. Two branches of Taunton river water this town, on which arc a woolen and 4 cotton mills, and various iron works. The manufactures consist of cotton and woolen goods, pig iron, iron castings, wire, boots, shoes, shovels, sp ides, forks, hoes, cutlery, palm-leaf l.ats, straw bonnets, surveyors' instruments and shoe pegs the value of which in one year (exclusive of woolen cloth, boots and shoes,) amounted to 207,100. The manufacture of shovels, spades, forks and hoes, amounted to ^108,000. Easton lies 22 miles S. from Boston and 10 N. by W. from Taunton. Incorporated, 1725. Population, 1837, 1,976. : — . Eastport, 7»ic. "Washington co. The township of Eastport embraces and is constituted of Moose, Dudley's, Frederick and Patmos islands, the chief of which, whereon the village of Eastport stands, is Moose island, in sight of, and but a short distance from, Indian and Campo Bello islands, belonging to the British. Eastport is a beautiful harbor in Passamaquoddy bay, on the eastern boundary of the United States, and noted for smuggling adventures by strangers visiting the place during the embargo and war. It is about 7 miles N. by W. from West Quoddy Head, 176 E. by N. from Augusta, and about 30 E.N. E. from Machias. The tide is very rapid, and rises 25 feet. There are two �NEW ENGLAND long bridges connecting Moose island with Dennysville and Perry each cost $10,000. Eastport and Lubec are the chief towns in Passamaquoddy bay, and are extensively engaged in the fisheries, and the trade of the extensive waters of the river St. Croix and Bay of Fundy. Tonnage of Passamaquoddy bay, Cobscook Bay und its trib10,712. utary waters, on the west, give to Eastport a large trade in lumber. Moose Island contains 2,150 acres ; of rough land. It was first settled in 1780. In 1790 it contained only 244 inhabitants. There are now on the Island a handsome village, containing 60 wharves, 80 stores, 5 meeting-houses, a United Slates garrison, and 5,000 inhabitants. East Windsor, Ct. Hartford co. First settled IfiSO. Taken from Windsor, 176S. This is an excellent townsliip of land. Its extensive meadows on the cast side of Connecticut river are of uncommon fertility and beauty. Among the various agricultural products vv'ith which thii town abounds, tobacco has been cultivated with success, and manufactured. It is said that 70,000 bushels of rye has Scantic been raised in a season. river, a considerable mill stream, passes through the north part of the town, and gives it the name of Scantic. The vilhige of iVapping is in the S. E. section of the town. The principal street, about a mile back of the river, is the village, running the whole leno;th of tlie town, wide, neatly built and beautifully shaded. East Windsor lies 8 miles N. from Hartford. Population, 1830, 2,129. Eatoia, K. II., Strafford co., lies 60 miles N. E. from Concord and 55 N. N. E. from Dover, and is bounded E. by Population, 1830, 1,432. Maine. The soil of the uplands, which are quite uneven, is moderately good. GAZETTEER. and the plains furnisli excellent pine timber. There are several small ponds in this town. Eaton was granted Nov. 7, 1776, to Clement March and 65 others. Eddingtoii, Me. Penobscot co. This town lies on the east side of Penobscot river, 6 miles above, and N. N. E. from Bangor, and 70 N. E. by E. from Augusta. The village is pleasantly situated at the " Bend " of the river. Tiie soil of the town is good and well wooded. It produced, in 1837, 2,414 bushels of wheat. Population, ISS"? 558. Eden, Me., Hancock on the north part of the island of Mount Desert, and taken from the town of Mount co., situated Desert (which formerly comprised the whole island) 1795. First settled, 1763. Eden lies 92 miles E. from Augusta, and about 18 S. by E. from Ellsworth. Population, 1837, 1,024. The town has a good soil, good harbors, and possesses great advantages for the shore fishery. It is said that 500 bushels of cranberries have been picked in Eden in a season. Cranberry isles lie on the coast, about 3 miles south. Eden, Vt. Lamoille co. This township was granted to " Col. Seth Warner and his associates, our worthy friends, the officers and soldiers of his regi- ment in the line of the continental army," August 28, 1781. " Our friends," for their patriotic services, certainly deserved a better township than this, for it is mountainous, rocky and cold ; it is however good for grazing, and produces some fine beef cattle and sheep. It is watered by Green river and Wild Branch. Several ponds in the town afford Eden lies 30 miles good fishing. N. from Montpelier, and is bound- ed S. by Hydepark. 1830, 461. Population, �NEW ENGLAND Edgartowiij Mass. Dukes County town and CO. GAZETTEER. Population, 1837, 205. See " East." Down port of entry on the island of ]\Iar- — 91 miles S. E. from tha's Vineyard Boston, 20 N. W. by W. from Nantucket, 28 S. E. by E. from New Bedford, 20 S. from Falmouth, and First set495 from "Washington. Incorporated, 1671. 1641. tled, Population, 1837, 1,625. Edgartown (Old Town) harbor is on the east side of the town, in lat. 41° 25' N.; This township inIon. 70° 25' W. cludes the fertile island of Chappequiddick, on the southeast, on which some Indians. This island 5 miles in length and 2 1-2 in breadth. are is very pleasant and forms Old Eight whale ships harbor. belong to this place, and a number This is said to of coasting vessels. be the only place in the state where grouse are native. The value of sperm oil imported, in the year endIt is Town 1837, was ^65,598. of salt, oil casks, ])oats and hats manufactured the same The value of year, was $7,260. wool, the product of 2,150 sheep, ing April The value 1, was $1,590. ^Cdgecoml), Me. Lincoln co. This town is bounded by Damariscotta river on the E. and Sheepscot river on the W., and lies nearly opposite to Wiscasset 26 miles S. across the latter river. Population, S. E. from Augusta. This town enjoys 1837, 1,282. great facilities for navigation, the fisheries, ship building and the lumber business. It is a place of considerable trade. First settled, 1744. There are several Strafford co. mountains of considerable elevation in this town. The Ossipee river passes through the town, over which is a toll-bridge. Province pond lies between Effingham and Wakelield. Etfingham was settled a few years prior to the revolution. vitt's Penobscot Me. Incorporated, 1835. See " Down Population, 1837, 89. East." co. fidmouds, Me.; Washington co., situated between Cobscook bay and East Machias. wag Effingham borders W. 18, 1773. on Ossipee lake and E. on Maine. It lies 58 miles N. E. from Concord and 25 N. E. by E. from Gilford. Population, 1830, 1,911. I^gremout, Mass. A mountainous Berkshire co. township, watered by branches of Incorporated, Housatonick river. 140 miles W. from Boston 1760. and 15 S. S. W. from Lenox. Population, 1S37, 968. The manufdc- tures of Egremont consist of wheat flour, leather, boots, shoes, harnesses, stone, (sawed,) chairs and cabTotal amount in one inet ware. Value of 1,790 year, $29,100. fleeces of wool, $2,770. Eliialbeth.,Cape, Me. This celebrated cape lies in the town of Cape Elizabeth, and forms the western limits of Casco bay. the point of the cape is a Near light-house, 50 feet in height, in N. lat. 43° 33', W. Ion. 70° 11'. For the toicn of Cape Eliza- beth, see Register. Elixalieth. Islands, Ediiibiirgli, It known by the name of LeaTown. Incorporated, Aug. then These islands are Mass. attached to and lie between Buzzard's bay and Vineyard sound. Dukes county, They are 16 in number. The largest, Nashawn and Nashawenna, are inhabited. Gosnold, the discoverer of Cape Cod, spent the Avinter of 1602-3, on one of these islands. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Ellington, Ct. Tolland CO. Ellington was taken from East Windsor in 17S6, and was that part of East Windsor called the streams which again unite, into the Saco at Bartlett. it fall* Elligo Fond, Vt. This beautiful sheet of water, Great Marsh. The soil is light two miles in length and half a mile and dry, but considerably fertile. in breadth, lies partly in Craftsbury It is generally level, but the eastand partly in Greensborough, Orern part is hilly and mountainous. leans county. Its northern outlet Foi-merly the lands in this town passes to Black river its southern were held in low estimation, but by There are two to the Lamoille. the industry of the people in their small islands in the lake. This was cultivation they have risen in char" The scenery in a favorite resort for the Indians, and acter and value. ; this town embraces considerable va- uncommonly interesting and beautiful." The " Ellington riety and is School" for boys, situated in a very neat village, is in high repute. PopEllington lies 12 miles N. E. from Hartford, and ulation, 1830, 1,455. is bounded S. E. by Tolland. Me. Elliot, York CO. This town lies on the N. W. of Kittery of which it constituted a part until 1810. It adjoins Salmon Fall river on the S. W. by which it New is — separated fiom now attracts numerous lovers of tine trout and delightful scenery to it3 borders. EIlsAVortli, Me. Chief town of Hancock co. This a pleasant and flourishing town on boih sides of Union river, at the head of navigation. The village is principally on the E. side, where there is a good bridge across the river, 3 miles above the entrance of the river into the waters connected with Blue Hill bay. The tide rises at the bridge 10 or 12 feet, and Ellsworth possesses an enviable position for maritime and inland trade. The location of the courts is Hampshire and is bounded N. by South Berwick, and E. by York. It is a good farming town for this and probably contains Castine to this place in 1838. great a proportion of valuable tillage land as any in the county according to its size. Population, 1837, 1,859. Elliot is 108 miles S. W. from Auas gusta. Elliotsville, Somerset co. Me. This place See " miles from Augusta. East." is 81 Down Maine, house The eligibly situated on the W. side of the river. Ellsworth is quite an agricultural township. It has a good soil, and considerable attention is given to the growth of coui-t is wheat and wool. It lies 81 miles E. by N. from Augusta, and 30 N. E. byE. from Bangor. Population, 1830, 1,385—1837, 2,195. Ellsvvortli, N. H., Ellis' Rivers. Ellis' river, in county was changed from is a tribu- tary to the Androscoggin. It rises N. of Rumford, in the county of Oxford, and passes through that town. Ellis' river, in JVeto Hamjjshire, rises on the E. side of the White mountains, in several small streams, near the sources of Peabody river, and separating into two Grafton co., is 52 miles N. N.W. from Concord and 20 S. E. from Haverhill. It is Population, 1830, 234. a mountainous tract of territo- The most prominent elevation small stream Carr's mountain. issues from West Branch pond and runs into the Pemigewasset at ry. A is Campton. parts The sterile, soil, though in some produces wheat, rye �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEEn. Maple sugar and corn. is made here, and clover seed is raised in considerable quantities. This town, formerly called Trecothick, was granted May 1, 1769, to Barlow Trecothick. Slmore, Vt. Lamoille co. First settled, 1790. I | one above another for some disAlong the western bank, between the pond and Mont Calm, within a few rods of the water, ex- rise tance. tends the turnpike road, the whole distance through a beautiful village, shaded to the N. on either side my by a growth of trees. Mascoriver empties into this pond in N. W. part. This pond is supposed to have once been much higher than it now is, and the plain and five ponds in this town, the waters villages to the south are supposed of which, the town beinsj very high, to have been the bed of it. This descend partly to Lamoille and part- fact is suiTiciently evident from the ly to Onion rivers. Some cattle and ancient shore still remaining round some wool are sent to market. the pond, about 30 feet above high water, and from logs having been iHnilsdeii, Me. frequently found 12 feet below the Somerset co. fine township surface of the plain once flowed. of land with two pleasant villages, On the W. bank, near the southern on the W. side of Kennebec liver. extremity, is the Shakers' settleSeven Mile brook passes through ment, situated on a fertile plain. the S. W. corner of the town. The structure of the buildings, tho' Embden produced, in 1S37, 6,400 not lofty, are neat and convenient. bushels of wheat and considerable They occupy about 1,000 acres of wool. Incorporated, 1804. Popu- land, and their number consists of lation, 1837, 1,043. about 240. They are agriculturalIt is 46 miles N. N. W. from Augusta and about ists and mechanics. Garden seeds 13 miles N. by W. from Norridge- arc grown, and Vvooden v/arc, whips, wock. corn broon^s, leather, and various other articles, are manufactured by Enfield, Me. them with peculiar neatness. See Penobscot co. Incorporated, Canterburt/. 1S35. See " Down East." r^Iountain pond, on the summit of Mont Calm, is 200 rods long, and JEnlield, N. II. 100 wide. At the outlets of ths Grafton co. Enfield comprises ponds are mills of various kinds. 24,060 acres, of which about 2,500 The town was formerly called lielacres arc water. It is 10 miles S. han, and was incorporated by charE. from Dartmouth College and 40 ter, granted to Jedcdiah Dana and N. W. fi-om Concoi'd. Its surface others, Julv 4th, 1761. Population, is diversified with hills and valleys, 1830, 1,492. and watered by a vaiiety of ponds Enfield, Mass. and streams, stored with lish of every species coinmon to tlie country. Hampshire co. Swift river passJ.iascomy pond, which has acquir- es through this town, and adds much ed from travellers the appellation to its beauty and importance. of Pleasant pond, is a beautiful col- The manufactures of this place, the lection of water, 4 miles in length year ending April 1, 1837, amountand of various breadth, interspersed ed to $182^669. The articles conwith islands and checkered with sisted of cotton and woolen goods, inlets. Its eastern banks are covleather, boots, shoes, hats, hoes, ered with trees ; the hills gradually shingle machines, palm-leaf hats. lies 16 miles N. from Montpelier and 10 S. from Hydepark. Population, 1830, 442. There are Elmore A the �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. wool cards, cotton batting and wickThe value of wool grov/n ing. miles N. by E. from Montpelier, and 20 N. E. from St. Albans. was $1,090. Enfield lies 71 miles Boston, and 15 E, from Northampton. Population, 1837, W. 1,053. JSnlielfl, Ct. This tov/n M'as Hartford co. settled, 1631, first : necticut river was built in ISOS, connecting Enfield with Sufficld. The surface is genei-ally level and The the soil moist and fertile. street, where most of tlie inhabitants reside, is very pleasant, wide and well shaded. The village near the river was commenced about 1831, at which the manufacture of carpeting is extensively pursued. About 120 looms are employed, making about 800 yards daily. The manufacture of ploughs is also an important pursuit in Enfield. It is watered bv Scantick river. Population, 1S30, 2,129. It i-: 18 miles N. from Hartford, and 8 S. from Springfield, Mass. EiiglisliiKiaia's I?ny, Tile. few miles W. of Washington counIt receives the waters of Chand- This bay is Machias bay, a in considerable stream contains a number of islands, and Head furnishes many fine harbors haibor, an island otf Jonesborough, ler's river, a : it is its western limits. EiiosTSjiirsli, t. Franklin co. Missisquo Trout and other streams give this town excellent water privileges, and manufacturing establishments flour- The surface of the town is pleasantly diversified by hills and valleys, and well ad.ipted for grazThe products of the town are ing. cattle, buttei', cheese and wool. Population, First settled, 1797.. Enosburgli lies 43 1830, 1,560. ish. Ilockingham co., lies 29 miles S. E. from Concord, 20 W. from Portsmouth, and 8 N. W. from Exeter. It was formerlj^ a part of Exeter, and was incorporated Feb, 12, 1741. by emigrants from Sa- The lem, Mass. it formerly belonged to Mass. and was a part of Springfield. The first bridge across Con- ty. E^jping, N. H., I'rom tov/n contains 12,760 acres, being nearly 20 square miles. The soil, in general, is very good, and well suited to j-aise the various pro- ductions Lamprey grow that in the state. river, at tiie west, receives the Patuckaway, and runs through the whole length of the town. Another river runs through the N. part of the town, and from that circumstance is called North river. Py observations taken at 6 in the forenoon, at 1 and 9 o'clock in the afternoon, from Fahrenheit's thermometer placed in the open air, 13 feet from the ground, and where the sun does not shine on the thermometer, the annual average of heat for 10 years in succession, was 44 1-12^. During that period the annual average of rain that fell, was 2 feet 10 inches, and of snow, G feet 7 inches. William Plxjmer, one of its most distinguished and estimable citizens, resides in this town. (on-iderable portion of his life has been employed in the service of the people, in the several stations of representative and senator in the legislature, president of the senate, speaker of the house of j-epresentatives, representative and senator in congress, and for four years as chiefmagistrate of the state. Population, 1S30, 1,208. A Merrimack co. This town lies 12 miles E. from Concord. Population, 1830, 1,418. The surface of the town is generally uneven. The eminences are called M'Coy's, Fort, Nat's, and Notting- pi'incipal ham aiountains. The soil is in gea- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. eral good, and well adapted for grazing or grain. Great and Little Suncook are the only streams deserving Here are three the name of rivers. ponds, Chesnut, Round, and Odiorne's. Brown oxide, and suiphuret of iron are found, the lattermost frequently in its decomposed state. Varieties of quartz, feldspar and schorl are also found. An alluvial deposite has been discovered, which has been ascertained to be terra de senna; it constitutes a very handsome and durable paint for cabinet work. Epsom was granted May IS, 1727, to Theodore Atkinson and others. Like all other frontier towns, Epsom was exposed, in its early settlement, to the Indians. Maj. AivBREW M'CL,ARY,ana^ tive of this town, fell at the battle June 17, 1775. Like the illustrious Roman, he left his plough on the news of the masof Breed's Hill, sacre at Lexington, and in the action when he lost his life displayed great coolness and bravery. Srrol, Coos ]V. H. This town situated on (he W, of Umbagog lake. It contains about 35,000 acres,of which 2,500 are water. Several considerable streams here unite with the Androscoo-gin. Errol was granted Feb. 28, 1774, to Timothy Ruggles and others. Population, 1330,82. CO. is It lies about 30 miles N. N. E. from Lancaster. Erving, Mass. This township reuntil April Previously it had been 17, 1838. known by the name of " Erving's Grant." It is bounded S. by Miller's and W. by Connecticut rivers. Erving contains some excellent land, and a great water power. The year previous to its incorporation, the manufactures of the town, consisting of satinet, boots, shoes, palmFranklin co. mained unincorporated &c., amounted to Population, 1837, 292. leaf hats, 185. 12 ^';35,- Er- ving lies 95 miles N. N. W. from Boston, and 10 E. from Greenfield. Essex County, "Vt. Guildhall is the county town. This county is bounded N. by Lower Canada, W. by the counties of Orleans and Caledonia, and S. and E. by Connecticut river. Area 680 square miles. This is considered the poorest county in the state ; but although much of the land is hilly and mountainous, there is considerable good soil, and a large portion of it is well adapted for grazing. There were, in 18.36, about 8,000 sheep in the county, and a considerable number of beef cattle and horses were sent to market. The principal streams are the Nulhegan, which is exclusively in Essex county the Passumpsic, Moose and Clvde. Incorporated, 1792. Population, 1820,3,334; 1830,3,981. About 6 inhabitants to a square ; — mile. Essex Coxuitj', Mass. Salem, Jpsu-ich, and jYewhuryThis port are the shire towns. county is bounded N. W. by Rockingham county. New Hampshire, S. W. by Middlesex county, E. and N. E. by the Atlantic ocean, and S. E. by Massachusetts bay. There is much good land in this county, but its surface is rocky and uneven. It has an extensive sea coast, indented with numerous bays, inlets, and capacious harbors. It is more densely populated than an}- county of its size in the United States. It has great wealth, and its commerce and fisheries ai-e unrivalled by any section of country, of its extent, on the elobc. Population, 1820, 73,930; 1830, 82,8S7, and in 1837, 93,689. This county comprises an area of 360 square miles ; the numbei- of inhabitants to a sqi.are mile is 2G0. Essex county, although of stubborn soil, has many very delightful farms, and furnishes great quantities of — hay and vegetables for market. It �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. has many manding board is beautiful ponds and comelevations, and its seathe delight of every beHowever fruitful the cit- coasting trade and the fisheries. The manufactures of vessels, leather, boots, shoes, bar iron, barrels, coidage, pump^> and blocks, in the yeai ending April 1, 1837, amount- holder. izens may have rendered the soil by their industry, this county is essentially a commercial and manufacturing section of England. The tonnage of the tive districts, in 1837, was 85,933 tons. The amount of manufactures, for the year ending April 1, 1837, was $10,21(i,.300 ; and the amount of the whale, cod ed to ^102,271. The tonnage employed in the cod and mackerel fishery was 878 tons. Population, 1837, Essex is a pleasant and 1,402. flourishing town. New Etna, Me. Penobscot co. This is an excel lent farming town with no important streams. It lies 63 miles N. E. from Augusta, 17 W. from Bangor, and bounded by Dixmont on the S. Incorporated, 1820. Population, 1830, 362—1837, 626. Etna is fine wheat land it produced, in and mackerel tisheries, amounted The principal riv$1,378,144. ers in Essex county are the Merrito mack and Shavvsheen. Essex counwas incorporated in 1643, and has to some of the most distinguished merchants in the United ty given birth Among many : may be mentioned William Gray, Israel Thorndike, and Wil- 1837, 2,421 bushels. liam Parsons. co. Exeter is 65 miles E. from Augusta, and 25 S.W. from Bango!'. It was incorporated in 1811. Population, 1830, 1,438— 1837, 1,920. At the "Four Corners," in the northerly pai-t of the town, is a pleasant village with considerable trade and some mills. The people of Exeter in 1837, with a soil not above mediocrity, proved without effort, by raising 12,058 bushels of wheat, that the state of States. others Exeter, Ble. Penobscot N.N. Essex, Vt. Chittenden co. This town is fineby Onion river on the S. and Brown's river, a branch of the Lamoille, on the N, It is also watered by other smaller streams. At Hubbell's falls, on Onion river, are admirable mill sites, at v>'hich are manufactures of some extent. ly watered The surface of the town is level a considerable portion of the soil is dry and somewhat sandy, but produces good crops of corn and rye. Alqng Onion river are some tracts of beautiful intervale. Essex was first settled in 1783. It lies 31 miles N. W. from Montpelier, and 8 N. N. E. from Burlington. Population, 1830, 1,664. ; | I | i \ i Maine j I is abundantly able, by means within itself, to supply the whole family of Yankees with bj-ead stuffs, and have some to spare to their^ western brethren. Exeter, N. H. Rockingham co. town lies 40 miles This beautiful E. by E. from W, from Ports- S. Concord and 14 S. mouth. The compact part of the Essex CO. This town lies at the town lies about tiie falls, which sephead of Chebacco river, running in- arate the fresh from the tide water to Squam bay, 13 miles N. E. from of a branch of the Piscataqua, callBoston, and 5 miles S. E. from Ips- ed by the natives Swamscot, and wich, from which it was taken in now known by the name of Exeter Bssex, Mass. 1819. Many vessels of 50 to 120 tons are built in this town, and many small vessels are employed in the Above the falls this stream assumes the name of Great river, to distinguish it from one of its river. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. smaller branches, called Little rivGreat river has its source in er. Chester, whence it runs through several towns before it meets the tide water in the centre of Exeter. On thi^ river are many valuable mill privileges. and the improve* the style of husbandry tially agricultural, ment in has been very great. The number of industrious and enterprising mechanics, to whom Exeter is indebted for her prosperity, is very rapidly increasing. See Register. Phillips' academy, in Exeter, was The Exeter Cotton ManufacturCompany commenced opera- founded by the liberal donations of ing tions April 1, 1830. Their principal building is of brick, 175 feet by They have 5,000 spindles, employ 212 girls and 40 men and boys. They manufacture annually about 1,400,000 yards of sheeting. They consume about 1,200 bales of cotton, 300 cords of wood and 22,500 pounds of potatoe starch annually. They have a steam engine, 40 horse power, to operate when the water power fails. This probably consumes annually about 150 chaldrons 45. LL. D.,in 1781, who death, in 1795, bequeathed to the institution a large portion of his John Phillips, at his estate. Bejvjamix Abbott, LL. D. of Sidney coal. The capital invested in lands, buildings, machinery, has discharged the duties of principal with distinguished ability for more than fifty years. The building stands on a plain, near the centre of the town, and is well provided with accommodations for the ditferent branches of instruction, and a large iiall for declamation and the annual exhibitions. The settlement of Exeter com- &c. menced about $210,000. mill has been in operation about two years, and will manufacture from 130 to 150 tons of powder annually. A is powder The manufacture was commenced of potatoe starch in 1824. The es- tablishment has been twice burnt, but is rebuilt with brick, and starch is now manufactured from wheat as well as from potatoes. The amount of sales of starch and gum is about $10,000 annually. In the westerly part of the town is a paper mill, which manufactures paper to the value of ,-^20,000 annually. The manufacture of books, blank books, &c. in Exeter, is very extensive. About $100,000 value of shoes and boots are made annually, and a large amount of leather. There are also establishments far the manufacture of morocco leather, cairiages, of various kinds, brushes, tin and pottery wares. The soil of Exeter is in general good, though comprehending every variety, from that of the best quality to tiie least productive. Like most towns in the state, it is essen- in 1638, by John Wheel- wright and other3,who formed themselves into a body politic, chose their magistrates, and bound the people to obedience. Their laws were made in popular assemblies and the combination thus entered into subsisted about three years. From 1675 to 1712, Exeter, like most of the early settlements, suffered from the at; tacks of the Indians. Hon. Samuel Tenn^ey, M. D was an original member of the N. H. Medical Society, its vice president several years, and a member of congress in 1800 and 1804. Gen. Nathaniel Peabody was an original member H. medical society; was of the a N. member of the old congress; a senator of the N. H. legislature in 1792 ; and speaker of the house in 1793. Hon. Nicholas a member Gilman was of the old congress, and a senator in congress from his death in 1814. Gen. 1805 Nathaniel Folsom member to was of the old congress, and a valuable revolutionary officer. Hon. Jeremiah Smith, a naa �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. of Peterborough, was one of representatives to congress under the Federal government, was appointed Judge of S. C. of N. H. in 1802, was chief justice, and continued such till 1809, when he was elected governor. He was appointed chief justice of S. J. C. in 1813. live the first Hon. John Taylor Gilmajv, a descendant of one of the princi- was an active supporter of the revolution a member of the old congress filled at times the offices of representative and state treasurer; and for fourteen years, between 1794 and 1816, wss governor of the state. Exeter has at all periods of its history possessed eminent and useful men ; and some of the first lawyers and jurists, antiquarians and scholars, have received their early education at its literary institution. Population, 1830, 2,759. on Lamoille river, at this place, are singular and worthy of the tra veller's notice. The land is generally level and of a good quality. considerable amount of agricultural products is sent to market, and about 6,000 sheep are reared. There are some manufactures at the falls. Fairfax is a place of considerable business. falls A pal settlers at Exeter, Fairfield, Me. ; ; Exeter, R. I. Washington co. This is an agricultural and manufacturing town, situated 24 miles S. W. from Providence, and from its centre about 10 miles N. W. from South Kingston. The town is very large, being 12 by 5 miles. The versified by surface hills is much and valleys a gravelly loam, and productive of all the varieties soil is mon ; di- the very com- the clitaate. The products dairy are considerable. Branches of Wood river give this of to the town a good water power, which well improved by cotton mills and other manufactories. Exeter was incorporated in 1743. Population, 1830, 2,383. IS Fairfax, Vt. Bounded S. by La37 miles N. W. from Montpelier, and 12 S. E. from St. Albans. First settled, 1763. PopFranklin co. Somerset CO. This beautiful townlocated on the W. side of Kennebec river, and S. of Bloomfield. Fairfield is the most southern township in the county. It is watei-ed by a small stream running into the Kennebec, and by a branch of Waterville river. This town is ship is favored with a fine soil, and navigable privileges to Augusta. It has a pleasant village, considerable trade, and, in 1837, produced 11,- 531 bushels of wheat, and a large quantity of wool. Population, 1837, 2,203. Distant from Augusta, 26. miles N., and from Norridgewock, 10 S. E. Incorporated, 178S. Fairfield, Vt. This town was first It is well watered by Smithfield pond, Fairfield river. Black creek, and branches of Missisque river, and abounds in mill Fairfield has a good strong sites. soil and generally suitable for cultivation. It is a pleasant place, with some trade and considerable manufactures. It produces good beef cattle and horses, and pastures about Franklin co. settled in 1789. 7,000 sheep. By Parme1830, 1,729. lee's and Stone's brooks. Brown's river, and the Lamoille, this town enjoys a good water power. The N. W. from Montpelier, 27 N. N. E. from Burlington, and is bounded W. by St. Albans. ,noille river: ulation, Population, 1830, 2,- Fairfield lies 45 miles 270. Fairfield County, Ct. Fairfield and Danhury are the shire towns. This county is bounded N. by Litchfield county, N. E. and E. by Housatonick river, S. E. and S. by Long Island Sound, and �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. state of New York. This fanning section of country, asjreeably diversified in regard to surface, with a strong fertile soil, and possesses great natural agriculFairlieid county tural resources. extends nearly 40 miles on longIsland Sound, and enjoys great facilities for navigation and the tishThe beautiful Housatonick eries. washes its noi-theastern boundary, and the Saugatuck, Norwalk, Mill, Pequonuck and other rivers afford The manit an ample water power. ufacturing interests of the county It are valuable and increasing. W. by the is a tine contains many villages of superior beauty, and abounds in scenery of an interesting character. First settled, l(>3y. Area, 630 square miles. Population, 1820, 42,73.9; 1S30, 75 inhabitants to a square 46,950 In 1837 there were in this mile. county about 22,000 sheep. : Fairlieid, Ct. Shire town, Fairfield co. This ancient and patriotic town comprises three parishes, Fairfield, the seat of justice. Green's Farms and Greenfield. Fairfield lies 21 miles S. W. New Haven, and 5S N. New York. Population, fi-om E. from 1S30, 4,243. Its Unquowa. The Indian name was surface of the town is undulating and very pleasant. The soil i^ fertile, well cultivated and productive of wheat and rye, and a great variety of fruits and vegetables for New York market. Black Rock harbor is safe and easy of entrance for vessel? drawing 19 feet of water at common tides. The tide usually rises in Long Island Sound about 5 feet. There is but little water power in Fairfield, except that produced by the tide. The tonnage of Fairfield district, in 1837, was 11,983 tons. The principal business in navigation is the coasting trade. In the year the tract of forms the town of Fairfield was discovered by cap- country which 1637, now 12* tain Mason and the troops of Mas- Connecticut under his command, when they pursued the Pequots to the swamp in this town, bearing the name of " Pequot Swamp." This is the spot made sachusetts and memorable by the great fight that took place there, between those troops and the Pequots, terminating in the almost entire destruction of that once powerful and warlike nation of savages. There are no In- dian marks left by which this swamp can be traced as the place of their extermination, except a mound of earth in the centre of it, considered as a place of safety, evidently the effect of art, with a raised foot path leading from it to the surrounding high grounds. In that expedition this region attracted the notice of adventurers. In the year 1639 a few families removed hither from Windsor, commenced a settlement, and, in a short period afterwards, were joined by several perWatertown and Concord, Mass. After Connecticut obtained her charter, the general assembly 2:ranted these people a patent, then including the towns now Reading and Weston. Fairfield is distinguished for its ardent attachment to American liberty, and for its sacrifices during the contest for independence. In 1779, when Tryon, a British governor, demanded a surrender of the town, sons from under a threat of its destruction, the answer of the inhabitants was, " We will never voluntarily lay down our arms till we have obtained the object for which they have been taken up. The village is in your power plunder and burn it if you will, and take along with your plunder the infamy of which it cannot ; be divested." " On the 7th July, 1779, goverernor Tryon, with a large and vengeful army, sailed from New Haven to Fairfield ; and the next morning disembarked upon the beach. few militia assembled to A �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. oppose them ; and, in a desultory, scattered manner, fought with great intrepidity through most of the day. They killed some ; took several priBut soners; and wounded more. the expedition was so sudden and unexpected, that the efforts, made in this manner, were necessarily The town was plundered ; a great part of the houses, together with the two churches, the court house, jail, and school houses, were burnt. The barns had been just filled with wheat, and other produce. The inhabitants, therefore, were turned out into the world, almost literally destitute. fruitless. " While the town was in flames, a thunder storm overspread the heaThe vens, just as night came on. conflagration of near two hundred houses illumined the earth, the skirts of the clouds, and the waves of the Sound, with an union of gloom and grandeur, at once inexawful and magnificent. pressibly The sky speedily was hung with the deepest darkness, wherever the clouds were not tinged by the melancholy lustre of the flames. At intervals the lightnings blazed with The a livid and terrible splendor. Beneath, thunder rolled above. the roaring of the fires filled up the intervals with a deep and hollow sound, which seemed to be the pro- murmur of the thunder, reverberated from one end of heaven Add to this convulto the other. sion of the elements, and these dreadful effects of vindictive and wanton devastation, the trembling of the earth ; the sharp sound of muskets, occasionally discharged; the groans, here and there, of the wounded and dying ; and the shouts of triumph: then place before your eyes crowds of the miserable sufferers, mingled with bodies of the militia, and from the neighboring hills taking a farewell prospect of their property and their dwellings, their happiness and their hopes; and you will form a just but impertracted burning of Fairneeded no great effort of fect picture of the field. It imagination day to believe that the final had arrived amid morning would speedily dawn, to which no night would ever succeed; the graves yield up their inhabitants and the trial commence, at which ; and that this funeral darkness, the was to be finally settled the destiny of man. " The next morning the troops re-embarked and, proceeding to Green's Farms, set fire to the church, and consumed it together with fifteen dwelling houses, eleven barns, and several stores." ; ; Fairliaveu, Vt. Rutland co. First settled, 1779. Population, 1830, 675. The soil is generally productive, particularly along the banks of the streams. It is watered by Castleton and Poultney rivers, the former of which receives the waters of lake Bomba- a large pond between FairCastleton. On these streams are considerable falls, and mill sites. Fairhaven lies 16 miles W. from Rutland, and 9 N. E. from zine, haven and Whitehall, N. Y. Fairliaven, Mass. Bristol CO. This pleasant town was taken from 1812. river, New Bedford, in across Acushnett about a mile east of It lies New united to New Bodford by abridge 3,960 feet in length, and is associated with it in many of First settled, 1764. its enterpi-ises. Population, 1830, 1837, 3,034; There are 37 vessels be3,649. longing to this place engaged in the whale fishery, the tonnage of The value which is 11,564 tons. of whale oil and bone imported into this place the year ending April The num1, 1837, was $322,272. ber of hands employed in the fishCapital invested, ery was 945. The Acushnett produ$957,000. ces some water power,on which ara Bedford. It is �NEW ENGLAND QAZETTEEft. two cotton millg, a paper mill, and The other operations by water. value of cotton goods, leather, boots, est ships. shoes, tin ware, vessels, salt, wooden ware, chairs and cabinet ware ing vessels. marine rail-way wa3 constructed here in 1834. This town has an abundance of fine granite, equal to the Quiucy. A rail-road is in progress to meet the manufactured, amounted to §40,363. Fairlee, Vt. Orange co. A rough and moun- tainous township, with very little productive land, on the west side of Connecticut river, and connected with Orford, N. H. by a bridge across that river. First settled, Population, 1830, 656. This 176S. town lies about 17 miles E. S. E. from Chelsea, and 31 S. E. from Montpelier. Fairlee pond is two miles in length and about three fourths of a mile wide. It formeily had no fish. Some years ago a gentleman placed some pickerel in it, and the legislature passed a law protecting the fish from molestation foi- two years. Since that time the pond has had an abundance of pickerel of good size Fall River, Blass. of Troy, in 1S03. It was formerly a part of Freetown. In 1834, the name was changed to that of the river within its borders, at the union of which and Taunton river the town is very pleasantly situa- This tov/n is without a paralon the continent of America, in regard to the union of hydraulic powers and navigable facilities. Fall river rises in Wattuppa ponds; one of which is 11 miles in length and 1 in breadth. These ponds are produced by perpetual springs, and lie about two miles east of the town. The descent of this v'witv is 136 The volume of water is confeet. stant, not liable to excess, and of ted. lel power for the largest A Boston and Providence, at Seekonk, 13 miles. The Pocasset Hotel, belonging to a company of gentlemen, is a splendid building, constructed in 1833. No house in the country affords better accommodations. regular steamboat line is established between this place and Piovidence distance, by water, 28 A : — miles. The value of the manufactures for the year ending April 1, 1837, amounted to ^2,863,378, exclusive of large nianufactures of machinery, iron hoops and rods, stoves, brass, copper, and tin The ten cotton mills prowares. duced 7,767,614 yards of cloth, val- of Fall River The valued This town took the name sufficient It ued at $668,028. The woolen mill produced 150,000 yards of cloth, and quality. Bristol CO. Six ships from this port engaged in the whale fishery. has also some merchant and coast- are man- at ticles manufactured consisted other arof leather, boots, shoes, iron castings, hats, nails, chairs, cabinet ware and vessels. The two print ivorks printed twelve millici yards of calThe number of hands emico. ployed in all the factories Avas 1,819. The product of the whale fi.shery, the same year, was $68, TOO. Hands employed in the fishery, 120. Fall River lies 49 miles S. from Boston, 17 S. from Taunton, 14 W. Bedford, IS S. E. from from Providence, R. I. and 190 E. from New York. Population, in 1820, 1,594; 1830, 4,159; 1837, 6,352.— The surface of Fall River is elevated, rough and uneven, and considered a healthy location for a manufacturing town. New ufactories. Falmoutli; Me. The harbor on Taunton river is safe and easy of access, and of sufficient depth of water for the larg- $180,000. Cumberland co. This is a pleastown at the head of Casco bay. ant �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. 6 miles N. from Portland, and 47 S. W. {"roin Augusta. It is watered by Presumscut river, and has a number of vessels employed in coasting and fishino;. The soil on the whole coast of Maine is not so fertile as in the interior parts of the state, yet Falmouth comprises a considerable quantity of good land. The town was incorporated as early as 1718, and included the territory of the city of Portland until 1783. Population, 1837, 2,0(JS. Falnioutli, Mass. Barnstable co. A pleasant town on Vineyard Sound. There are belongin:^ to this towri 9 whale-ships, and about 40 sail in the coasting trade and fi-^hery. Two streams afford a watei- power, on which are two woolen mills and other manufactories. There are about 40 ponds in this town, some salt and some fresh these, with the views of the islands in the Sound, form a variety of : — agreeable scenery. "Wood's Hole" harbor, at the S. W. extremity of the town, is a good harbor and much frequented by vessels, and by invalids in search of health. The value of oil imported into Falmouth, the year ending April 1, 1837, amounted to $146,600. The value of vessels, salt, woolen goods, boots, shoes and leather, manufactured the same year, was ,"158,657. Falmouth lies 71 miles S. E. by E. from Boston, and 22 S. W. from Barnstable. *' Woods' Hole " is 4 miles W. from the centre of the town and «' Holmes' Hole" harbor, on Martha's Vineyard, is 6 miles S. Population, 1837, 2,580. Incorporated, 1688. ; Parmiugtou; Me. of justice. Farther up the Sandy, about 5 miles, is anothei' beautiful village, the seat of a nourishing academy. The soil of Farmington being of a superior quality, the inhabitants are induced to devote much attention to agricultural pursuits yet it is a place of some manufactures, and considerable trade in lumber and other merchandize. The agricultural products of Fai-mington are various and valuable. in 1S37 it produced 12,400 bushels of as good wheat as ever grew on Incorporatthe banks of the Ohio. ed, 1794. Population, 1837, 2,507. ; Farmington, 'N. H., Strafford co., was formerly a part of Rochester, but was incorporated a? a distinct town, Dec. 1, 1798. It lies 36 miles E. N. E. from Concord, and 17 N. W. by ,N. from Dover. The through the N. The Blue hills extend nearly under different Cocheco meanders E. partof the town. or Frost mountains through the town names. From the summit of the ridge in the S. E. part, ships may be seen by the na- ked eye off Portsmouth harbor ; while to the N. and W. the White Plills and the Monadnock, with hundreds of smaller mountains, meet the eye of the beholder. Thei-e is, not far from the village in Farmington, a rock supposed to weigh from 00 to 80 tons, so exactly poised on other rocks, that it may be caused to vibrate several inches by the hand. At the bank of the Cocheco, a little more than a mile S. E. from the principal village, is a place called the Dock, so named from the circumstance that the settlers usually deposited their ber here to be floated down first lum- the riv- County town of Franklin CO. This er. This name is some times ignovery beautiful town lies 29 miles rantly applied to the village. Hon. Aaron Wingate, for maN. W. from Augusta, and is watered by Sandy and Little Norridge- ny years a member of the legislarivers. At the union of these rivers are excellent mill privileges, and a delightful village, the seat wock ture, a counsellor from 1797 to 1803, and for sometime chief-justice of the common pleas in Strafford, died �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. here in 1S22, aged 78 years. Pop- Farmiugtou, Hartfoi'J The CO. Ct. first settlers of this town were from Hartford, being emigrants fVom the neighborhood of l^oUon, Mass. They located themselves, in 1640, on the luxui-iant meadows of the Tunxis, or Farmington river, 10 miles W. from The township was purHartford. chased of the Tunxis Indians, a numerous and waiiike tribe. At its incorporation, in 1615, the township comprised hfteen miles .square ; since which the pleasant towns of Southington, Berlin, Bristol, Burlington and Avon have been taken from the original territory of Farmingfon. Farmington river rises in the high lands in the N. part of Litchtield county, and after meandeiing delightfully through the towns of New Hartford and Burlington, in a S. E. direction, it changes its course at Farmington to the N., and passing Avon and Simsbury to the border of Granby, it again turns abruptly to the E. and meets the ConThis is a necticut at Windsor. beautiful and fertilizing stream, and gives to the towns through which it passes, but particularly to Farmington, large tracts of rich alluvial meadows. Farmington village is which covered the whole of the present n^.eadows. The population of Farmingron has varied but little from 2,000\vithin the last 30 years. ulation, 1330, 1,465, a delight- on an elevated plain, surrounded by high hills. The street is about two miles in length, beaucontains, betifully shaded, au sides two churches and an academy, about 100 neat dwelling houses, some of which are tasteful and eleThe Farmington canal passgant. es through the village. Fayette, Me. This town conco. some beautiful ponds and is the source' of a branch of Sandy It lies 17 miles W. N. W. river. from Augusta, and is bounded E. by Kennebec tains Incorporated, 1795. Readtield. This is a Population, 1837, 1,006. good township of land ; it produced, in 1837, 4,438 bushels of wheat and some wool. Fayston, Vt. Washington co. Fayston is gen- erally too mountainous to be much Along the borders of cultivated. some of the branches of Mad river, here, is some arable l6 miles W. S. W. from Montpelier, and 25 S. E. from First settled, 1793. Burlino-ton. Population, 1830, 458. which land. rise It lies Ferdinand, Vt. Essex tered square CO. This town was charand contains 23 1761, miles; in it is bounded S. stream affords it a good water power, but the land is ?o mountainous, rocky, cold and swampy that people do not choose to cultivate it. E. by Maidstone. Paul's Fei'risburgli, Vt. ful place, i Round Hill, near the village, osity. It rises in is the meadows, a natural curi- abruptly, to the height of 60 feet, is nearly circular It in its form and covers 12 acres. is thought that this hill was formerly an island in the centre of a lake, Addison co. This township pos- sesses a good soil, an excellent water power by Otter, Little Otter and Lewis creeks ; and navigable privileges on the waters of the outlets of those creeks and lake ChamBasin Harbor in this town plain. from is deep and well protected winds, and is a place of considerable navigation and comm.ercial importance. Across the lake to Essex, N. Y. is about t\vo miles. Large crops of grain are produced here, and Ferrisburgh is noted for its fine butter, cheese, pork, and fat cattle. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. There are some woolen and other Fitz William, W. H. mnnufactures on its streams, and Cheshire CO. Fitzwilliam lies 13 about 10,000 sheep graze in its pasmiles S. E. from Keene, 60 S. W, tures. Large quantities of fish are from Concord, and 65 N. W. from annually taken in the season of Boston. Camp and Piiest brooks, spring. First settled, 17S4. Pop- running in a S. direction, are the ulalion, 1S30, 1,822. Ferrisburgh principal streams. South pond, 230 lie^ li) miles S. from Burlington, rods long and of various width 16 N. W. from Middlebury, and 34 Sip's pond, 200 rods long and 100 W. from Montpelier. wide Rockwood's pond and Col; FitcSibiirgli, "Worcester co. first granted wa? Mass. This township by " the Great and General Court of His Majesty's Province of Massachusetts Bay, Nov. 4, 1719." The township thus granted included the territory of gome of the neighboring towns. The town was A incorporated in 1764. large branch of the pond, are the only natural collections of water. The surface of this town is hilly the foil is rocky. There is a con;-iderable quantity of very productive and highly valualin's Nashua and : ble meadow land. The soil is suitable for grazing and tillage. Beef, pork, butter and cheese are the sta- The farmers have of late turned their attention to the raising of sheep. Near the centi-e of the town is a large hill, remarkable for the beautifully I'omantic prospect it afples. two smaller streams pass through the town, and afford it an extensive and constant water power. Over fords. Gap mountain, which at a the Nashua, in the distance of two distance, appears to be a part of the miles, are eleven dams for the acMonadnock, and on which are found commodation of manufactories. This various kinds of stones suitable for is a very ilourishing town, and exwhetstones, lies partly in Troy and hibits in a striking manner the ef- water power on the increase, wealth and respectability of many of our interior towns. There are fect of many valuable place still mill sites unimproved. at this In the in^.mediate vicinity of the principal village is an immense quarry of ex- cellent granite. This town lies 47 miles W. N. W. from Boston, 24 N. from Worcester, 30 W. by S. from Lowell, and 60 N. E. from Spring- There are in Fitchburgh 4 cotton, 3 woolen, and 2 paper mills. The manufactures for the year endfield. ing April 1, 1837, amounted to ^4-29,640. The manufactures consisted of cotton and woolen goods, paper, leather, boots, shoes, hats, scythes, bellows, palm-leaf hats, straw bonnets, chairs, tin and cabinet wares. The surface of the town is hilly, but the soil is strong and productive. Population, 1830, 2,169; 1837,2,662. partly in the N. E. part of 'Fitzwilliam. Population, 1830, 1,229. Flctclier, Vt. Franklin co. There are some small streams in this town and some manufacturing operations. The soil is broken, hard, and not very productive. It lies 22 miles N. N. E fi-om Montpelier,and about 18 S. E from St. Albans. Population, 1830, 793. Florida, Mass. A Berkshire co. mountainous township, 125 miles W, by N.from Boston, 27 N. N. E. from Lenox, and 7 E. from Adams. Florida is watered by Deerfield river, and exhibits some fine Alpine scenery. Population, 1837, 457. Inc. 1805. Foster, R. I. Providence co. This is a large agricultural and mauufacturing town. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. bank by Hemlock brook, very pleasantly located on the Moo^up rivers. of the rfver, and has the appearance Poaongansett and Foxcroft lies 77 The sm-face of the town, in many of prosperity. Augusta. rough and uneven, but the niile^ N. N. E. from parts, is finely watered I | well calculated for the proIn the westductions of the dairy. ern part are extensive forests of valuable timber. There are a number of pleasant villages on the borders of the numerous streams, most of soil is Population, 1830, 677; 1837,907. Incorporated, 1812. Fox See Vinalhaven. Framingliam, Mass. are largely engaged in manufacturing operations, particularly of cotton. "'Foster was tirst settled in which 1717; named incorporated in in compliment 1781, to the A large and flourMiddlesex co. ishing manufacturing town, v*ith a 20 fine soil, and pleasant ponds: miles W. S. W. from Boston, and 13 — and Hon. W. from Concord. The ponds and Sudbury river give this town a The value of o-ood waterpower. The maauiactures, the year ending April 1, 1837, amounted to $i21,S. S. formerly a senator of the United States. It lies 15 miles W. by S. from Providence, and 50 E. froin Hartford, Ct. Pop- Theodore Foster, ulation, 1830, 2,672. The 111. Foiborongli, Blass. Norfolk CO. This town was It is en from Dorchester in 177S. watered by Rumford and Cocasset rivers, branches of the Taunton, on which are milh of various kinds. The manufactures of Foxborouidi the year ending April 1, 1S37, amounted to $231,136 :— they consisted of cotton and woolen goods, valued ful lies at cloth, $311,800; boots, shoes, town, and a'pproached by the It has rail-road with great case. become an agreeable resort forfishing, fowling^and other rural sports. Population, in Incorporated, 1700. I 1 1 1 j 1830, 2,313 i 24 miles S. S.W. from Boston, 15 S. from Dedham, and 13 E. N. E. from Providence. Pt. I. Population, 1830, 1,099; 1837,1,416. This town Piscataquis co. uated on the north side of PiscataThe quis river, opposite to Dover. of prosoil of the town is capable ducing all the varieties common to A part of Sebec pond the cUmate. in the north parj*: of tiie town. lies 1837, 2,831. i Hillsborough co. It is 12 miles N. W. from Amherst, and 27 S. V/. from Concord. The two S. branches j of the Piscataquog rise in this (own ; the largest branch from Pleasant Poxcroft, Me. is sit- ; Frasicestown, K. H. | Foxborough manufactured leather, hats, paper,($48,000) straw bonnets, chairs, tin and cabinet wares. Framingham is a delight- boots, shoos, leather, iron castings, straw bonnets, shovels, spades, hoes forks. articles were 2GS,640 yards of woolen tak- and Islands, Me. i pond, the other from Haunted pond. The former branch passes near the Pleasant village in Franceslown. and Haunted ponds are con;nderablc The land is collections of water. uneven, and in many parts stony, but the quaUties of the soil are warm and moist. There are some very of wheat was small intervales, which are In 1837, 5,574 bushels About 7,000 she^p This i^. a fine section of productive. raised. The streams of wacountry for the growth of beef and are kept here. settled in ter are not large, and almost every Foxcroft was first wool. situated on rivers that take 1305, and was named in compliment mill is withE. Foxcroft. their rise from hills and ponds to the Hon. Joseph The limits of the town. with an academy, is in the The village, �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. highest land is Crotched mountain, the summit of which is more than 600 feet above the level of the common in the centre of the town. One of the summits of this moun- covered with wood ; the other is almost a solid ledge of rocks, affording a very extensive prospect to tain is W. There is in the easterly part of this town a very extensive and valuable quarry of freethe S. It is of a dark greyish coland when polished strongly resembles the variegated marble of Vermont. In the N. part of this town black lead has been found of a good quality and in the S. part some beautiful specimens of rock crystal. The common garnet is On met with in various places. the N. side of Haunted pond, there stone. or, — bar of 20 rods in length, 6 feet high, and .3 or 4 feet through ; but for what purpose or by what means is a this barrier was raised, is a matter of conjecture only. The local situation of this town is very eligible for business, being near the centre of the county, and on the great thoroughfare from Windsor to Boston, and on a leading road from the S. ¥>''. part of the state to Concord. The village is very pleasant, neatly huilt and flourishing. Francestown derived its name from Frances, the wife of the last Gov. Wentworth. The fir.-t settlement was made about 1760, by John Carson, a Scotch- man. Mr. James Woodbury, who died March 3, 1823, at the age of 85, closed his life in this town. He Was an active soldier in the old French war, and engaged by the side of Gen. Wolfe, when he was killed at the memorable siege of Quebec. He was one of the truly inviiieible rangers under the immortal Stark, and discharged CA^ery duty in a prompt and courageous manner. Population, 183'0, 1541. JPraiiconia, Grafton co. It is 'N, H. 28 miles N* E. from Haverhill, and 74 N. from Concord. large proportion of this town is mountainous. Its streams are branches of the Lower Amonoosuck river, and rise on the A mountainous tracts to the east. are several ponds one of which, called Ferrin's pond, is the source of the middle branch of Pem- Here igewasset river. : The mountains adjoining the Notch, through which the road passes, are most conspicuous. These are called Mounts La Fayette and Jackson. On the latter is the celebrated " Profile, " or " Old Man of the Mountain." It is situated on a peak of solid rock, 1,000 feet in height and almost perpendicular. On this peak, nature, in her wildest mood, exhibits the profile of the human face, of which every feature is delineated with W'onderful exactness. The Franconia mountain pass presents to the traveller some of the wildestscenery in our country, and must ever remain a great thoroughfare between the upper waters of the Connecticut river and the ocean. There are two iron establish- ments in this town. The lower works are situated on the S. branch Amonoosuck river, and are owned by the New Hampshij-e Iron Factory Company; incorporated, Dec. 18, 1805, which was composed of principally of gentlemen in Salem and Boston. Their establishment is very extensive, consisting of a blast furnace, erected in 1808, an air furnace, a forge and trip-hammer shop. There are also near, or connected with the establishment, grain and saw-mills, a large store, several shops, and other buildings, vv'hich make a small village. The ore is obtained from a mountain in the east part of Lisbon, N. H., three miles from the furnace, and is considered the richest in the United States, yielding from 5G to 63 per cent ; and the mine is said to be inexhaustible. First settled, 1774. Population,1830, 447. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Franlvfort, Me. Waldo CO. ; This excellent town- ship of land is situated on the W. side of Penobscot river, 57 miles N. E. by E. from Augusta, 12 S. from Bangor, and IS N. from BelIt is well watered by Marsh on which are two beautiful fast. river, The villages. largest village is near the Penobscot, on Marsh bay. The other village is at the head of the tide, on Marsh river, about 4 miles S. W. from the Penobscot, and with excellent is accommodated The location of Frankfort is exceeding favorable to the navigation and trade of Penobscot river, particularly so in the winter season, a? it is the highest point on the river to which vessels can ascend during the icy season of The prospects of Frankthe year. fort in its commercial and agricultural pursuits are very promising indeed it bids fair to become an important depot on one of our largest rivers. Among the agricultural products of this town, in 1837, was 9,33v0 bushels of wheat. Populamill privileges. tion, 1830, 2,487 ; 1837,3,223. In- corporated, 1789. Fraulvliii of Oxford and Industry, NewVineyard, Strong, Avon, Pliillips, Freeman, Salem, Kingfield, townships numbered four in the first range west of Kingfield, three and four in the second range, and the south half of township numbered four in the third range of the Bingham Purchase, in the county of Somerset, be and hereby are, &:c." This county is therefore bounded N. by Lower Canada, E. by the county of Somerset, S. by Kennebec and Oxford counties, and W. by County, Me. Oxford county. This county has no navigable waters, but is interspersed with numerous ponds and mill streams. Its surface is generally undulating, with some mounIts soil, for the most tainous tracts. part, is excellent, and cannot fail in remunerating the industrious farmer by its products of wheat, beef, and wool. FTaiiklln County, Vt. St. Albans, county town. This county is bounded N. by Lower Canada, E. by Orleans count}', S. E. and S. by Lamoille county, S. by Chittenden county, and W. by lake Champlain. Incorporated, 1792. Population, The Missisque Farmington is the county town. This'county was incorporated March the 20, 1S3S. section. The following is the legislative description of its territory: " The towns of Sharon, Chesterville, Wilton, Temple and Farmington in the county of Ken- New nebec ; and Jay, Carthage, Weld, Berlin, Madrid, townships numbered six, letter E. and D. in the county of Oxford, thence extending northerly from the north.-west corner of letter D. on the line betwixt townships numbered three and four, through the several ranges of townships to Canada line, so a'* to include three tiers of townships west of the west line of the Bingham Purchase in said county J3 1830, 22,034. river passes through part of the county, northern and the Lamoille The its most southern principal part of the trade of this county goes to Canada, by lake Champlain, which it many facilities in affords transportation. Although the surface is somewhat broken and in some parts mountainous, yet the soil wheat and grass. is productive of JNIany cattle are annually taken from this county to market, and in 1837 it had 63,000 sheep. In this county, marble and iron ore of excellent qualities are found. Fraukliii County, Mass. Greenfield, county town. Bounded N. by Windham county, Vt.,and a part of Cheshire county, N. H �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. E. by Worcester county, S. by Hampshire county, and W. by Berk- Area, 650 square shire county. The Connecticut river passmiles. es nearly through the centre of this county. It produces, in great abundance, all sorts of grain, fruits and vegetables common to its climate ; and exports considerable quantities of beef, pork, and products of the dairy. Manufactures are increasing in value and importance ; and this county yields to no other in the state in the extent of its hydraulic powers, or in the richness and variety of its scenery. There are 44 inhabitants to a square mile. Chief rivers, Connecticut, Deerfield, and Taken from Hampshire Miller's. county in 1811. Population, 1820, 29,268; 1830, 29,344; 1837,28,655. The value of the manufactures of this county, for the year ending April 1, 1837, was $787,900. The value of wool grown, the product of 55,713 fleeces, was $70,513. Franklin, Me. Hancock co. Franklin lies at the head of Taunton bay, the most northerly waters of Frenchman's It is bounded S. by Sullivan, bay. and contains several large ponds and good mill sites. Franklin is about 15 miles E. from Ellsworth. Population, 1837, 474. Incorporated, 1825. streams an extensive and valuable water power. It is probable that within a few years the river will be rendered navigable, by means of locks and canals, as far up as Franklin, in which event it would become one of the most flourishing inteiior co. in New Hampshire. Vt. Fraiiltliii, This town was formerly called Huntsburgh, and was tirst settled in 1789. It lies 50 miles N, W. fiom Montpelier, 17 N. N. E. from St. Albans, and bounded N. by Canada. The surface of the town is rough, but the soil is tolerably well adapted for sheep, of which about 3,500 are Franklin kept. co. Population, 1830, 1,129. Franltlin, Mass. Norfolk CO. Charles river and its branches afford Franklin a good water power. It was taken from Wrenthamin 1778. There are live cotton mills in the town, and manufactures of straw bonnets, shoes, boots, boxes and boats total amount of manufactures in one year, $210,472, of which $160,186 were for ; straw bonnets, for which this town celebrated. Franklin lies 27 miles S. W. by S. from Boston, and 17 S. Population, S. W. from Dedham. 1837, 1,696. is Franlclin, N. H. Merrimack towns Population, in 1830, 1,370. Fraiililiiij Ct. This town was New London CO. Shetucket riv- incorporated in 1S2S, from parts of the towns of Salisbury, Andover, is 18 Sanbornton, and Nortbfield miles from Concord, 63 from Portsmouth, and 73 from Boston. Franklin is a place of considerable and incz-easing business; has a cotton factory, two paper nulls, an iron foundry, and other manufacturing The junction of establishments. er separates tliis town from Lisbon. The surface of Franklin is uneven; the soil a gravelly loam, more fit he ford, : Winnepisiogee and Pemigewasthis town, foitu the noble Merrimack, creating on both set rivers, in for grazing than tillage. There is a woolen factory on Beaver brook, a branch of the Shetucket, but the chief business of the people is rearing sheep, and other agricultural Population, 1830, 1,194. pursuits. It lies 34 miles E. S. E. from Hart- and 7 N. by W. from Norwich. Franklin was taken from Norwich in 1786. �NEW ENGLAND FreetoTrn, Mass. Freedom, Me. Waldo CO. Previous I to its incor- poration, in 1313, the territor}^ of Freedom was called " Beaver Hill." It i^ a It was first settled in 1794, good township of land, and bound- Albion, and E. by Knox. about 20 miles E. S. E. from Belfast, and 25 N. E. from AuicusFreedom, in 1837, with a popta. ulation of 1,058, produced 6,084 bushels of wheat. ed W. by It is Freedom, X. H. This town, formerStrafford co. ly JVorih Ejfingham, was incorporated by its present name, Dec. 6, It is an uneven township, 1832. It is but has some good farms. bounded in part by the Ossipee lake, and river, which discharge eastwardly into the Saco. Distant 60 miles N. N.E. from Concord. Population, in 1833, about 900. Freeman, Me. Franklin co. This small town of only 17,000 acres, most of which woodland, with a population is of 805, produced 6,485 bushels of wheat in 1337. Freeman is the source of a small branch of Sandy It lies 62 miles N. W. from river. Augusta, and 15 N. from Farmington. Freeport, Me. Cumberland CO. This is a respecttown with a plea'-.nnt village, able and small harbor at the head of Casco bay, on the road from Portland to Brunswick, 18 miles N. by E. from the former, 9 S. W. from the latter, and 36 S. S. W. from AugusFreeport was taken from North ta. Yarmouth in 1789, and was formerly called the Harrasecket Settlement, from the name of the river This is a that passes through it. place of some navigation, ship building, and agricultural enterprize. Population, 1S37, 2,659. GAZETTEER. Bristol CO. This tow^n lies on the E. side of Taunton river, 8 miles S. from Taunton, 12 N. by W. from New Bedford, and 40 S. from BosIncorFirst settled, 1659. ton. Population, 1837, porated, 1633. It is watered by a branch 1,779. of Taunton river, and has some navigation. The manufactures of Freetown consist of iron castings, cut- axes, shovels, spades, hoes, nails, leather, boots, shoes, vessels, chairs, and cabinet ware. Total amount, in one year, $43,820. The soil is light, and keeps, among other cattle, about 1,000 sheep. lery, forks, French. River. This river rises in Leicester, Mass. It passes through Auburn, Oxford, and Dudley; it then enters the state of Connecticut and joins the Quin- ebaugh at Thompson. Some French protestants settled on this river in 1635. Frencliman'8 Bay, Me. This important bay, in the county of Hancock, containing a number of excellent harbors and beautiful is bounded W. by Baker's one of the Cranberry islands, and E. by a peninsula in Goldsborough, on the W. side of which is islands, island, The distance INIusquito harbor. across this bay, from Baker's island to Goldsborough point, is 10 miles. This bay juts in from the Atlantic ocean about 20 miles, and is environed by the towns of Eden, Trenton, Hancock, Franklin, Sullivan, and Goldsborough, and is the recipIt ient of many valuable streams. is easy of access, never obstructed by ice, and is one of the best retreats in a storm on the American coast. Friendsbip, Me. Lincoln co. This is an Atlantic town, containing several islands, at head of Muscongus bay. It was formerly called the Meduncook the �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Settlement, as lying between a rivname and the Muscongus. Friendship is a place of considerable navigation and trade. It lies 48 miles S. E. from Augusta, and 10 miles S. W. from Vv^arren. Population, 1837, 662. er of that Fryelmrgii, Me. Oxford CO. This interesting and pleasant town lies on both sides of Saco river, on the line of Hampshire. The uplands are not remarkable for their fertility, but the intervales on the Saco are of the choicest kind. Fryeburgh is only 6 miles square, yet the Saco here is so fantastic in its course that it winds itself between .30 and 40 miles within its limits. This town, the Indian Pequawket, lies 75 miles W. N. W. from Augusta, 47 N. W. from Port- New land, and 28 S. W. from Paris. Population, 1837, 1,444. Incorpo- rated, 1777. The principal village is situated on a plain, surrounded by lofty hills, and watered by the Saco it bears evident marks of anti: quity, and has an academy *' with a cabinet of rare curiosities, collected with much diligence." Lovewell's pond lies a short distance This beautiful from the village. sheet of water, now the resort for innocent amusements, was once the scene of bloody combat, and of the overthrow of a powerful Indian They fought till Lovewell and Paugus were killed, and all Lovewell's men but nine were either killed or wounded dangerously. The savages having lost, as was supposed, 60 of their number out of 80, and being convinced of the fierce and determined resolution of their foes, at length retreated and left thera masters of the ground. The scene of this desperate and bloody action, took place in the town which called Fryeburgh, is often visited with interest to this day, and the names of those who fell, and those who survived, are yet repeated with emotions of grateful exultation." which is now Fundy, May of. This bay washes a part of the Maine and as it is an important channel of commerce between the United States and the British provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, it may be useful to notice it. This large and important bay sets up N. E. round cape Sable, the most southern point of Nova Scotia, in N. lat. 43° 24', W. Ion. 65° 39', and crosseastern shore of ; es to the shore of Maine a little W. of Frenchman's bay. From the mouth of Frenchman's bay to Cape Sable is about 150 miles ; from Eastport to St. John's, N. B. is 60 miles from St. John's to Annapolis, in a bay of that name, on the tribe. The story of LoveiveU's Fight Nova Scotia side, is 40 miles from has been told thousands of times, thence to Halifax, by land, is 80 From Eastport direct to but as it is identified with the town miles. of which we treat, we quote a brief Annapolis, across the bay, is about The Bay of Fundy is notice of the event from the North 70 miles. divided near its head by cape ChigAmerican Review. " It was on the 18th of April, necto. The N. W. part is called 1725, that Capt. John Love well, of Chignecto bay ; the S. E. part the Dunstable, Massachusetts, with 34 Basin of Mines. From Eastport to men, fought a famous Indian chief, Cumberland, at the head of Chignamed Paugus, at the head of about necto bay, is about 170 miles; to 80 savages, near the shores of a V/indsor, at the head of the Basin From Lovewell's of Mines, is about 150. pond in Pequawket, men were determined to conquer Windsor to Halifax in N. lat. 44° or die, although out-numbered by 39' 20", W. Ion. 63° 36' 40", is 45 the Indians more than one half. miles. ; ; �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. good bay with prevail, and the absence of ha-bors between Eastport and St. our friends and neighbors, the EngWhile John's, and from St. John's to cape lish, is very considerable. The commerce on this Chignecto, render the navigation they receive bread stuffs and other difficult and often dangerous. productions of our soil, we are inThe harbor of St. John's is easy vast quantities debted to them for exsharp- of access, safe, and of sufficient of grindstones and gypsum to fleet of any draught and renovate the soil. panse for a large en our tools The city of St. John's The gypsum is principally from the of water. contains about 15,000 inhabitants. Basin of Mines;— it lies embedded the shores It is located at the outlet of in elevated masses along the of the bay ;— it is whose name great river easily quarried it bears, in 45° 20', W. Ion. 66°. This It city is a very flourishing place. largest resource for timber and is the lumber that Queen Victoria has in N. and taken on board of vessels by the sides of the cliffs. This gypsum doubtful is of a tine quaUty, and it is whether any has been discovered in our own country as good. The grindstones from Cumberland, or Chignecto bay, are every lat. her possessions. St. John's river rises in Canada and the northern part of Maine. It Madawaska, St. Franwhere celebrated. The source is receives the many other valthe manufacture cis, Aroostook, and inexhaustible, and uable tributaries, from Maine; it immense. portion of its northThe tides in the bay of Fundy waters a large many valua greater ern territory, and bears are supposed to rise to productions of that state to its height than in any other part of the able " This river is 350 miles Their elevation increases mouth. world. long the tide flows up about 80 At Eastas you ascend the bay. for boats 200 at St. John's miles ; it is navigable port they rise 25 feet Windsor, miles, and for sloops of 50 tons 80 80 at Cape Split, 55 at This river and its branches miles. 60, and at Cumberland, at the head excellent they rise to the water a large tract of of Chignecto bay, country. About 30 miles from its enormous height of 71 feet. These commences a fine level countides announce themselves some mouth by a try of rich meadow lands,well clothtime before their approach, The river furnishsound resembling that of a rushing ed with timber. bass dash against es a great quantity of salmon, wind in a forest they About a mile above sturgeon. the shore with a reddish hue, the and city of St. John's is the only color of the clay bottom over which the entrance into this river. It is about violence they pass, with frightful 80 or 100 yards wide, 400 yards at tirst, to the height of from 8 to of the river. all within long, called the falls 10 feet, overwhelming It being narrow, and a ridge of rocks their reach. bottom of the There are but few islands with- running across the and a channel, on which there are not Grand Menan, in this bay. feet of water, it is not sufcluster of small islands round it, off above 17 ; ; ; ; : ; ficiently spacious to discharge the the river above. near Eastport, are the principal. fresh waters of The common tides here rising above belong to the British. They waters of the river at small island about 5 miles off the 20 feet, the water are about 20 feet higher S. W. part of cape Chignecto, call- low of the sea ; at high ed Isle de Haut, contains beauti- than the waters water the waters of the sea are ful specimens of asbestos. of The rapidity of the tides within about 5 feet higher than those frequently the river so that at every tide there this bay, the fogs whicJi West Quoddy Head,and Campo Bello, A : 13* �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. are two falJs, one outwards and one inwards. The only time of passing with safety is when the waters of the river and of the sea are superior architecture. Population 1837, .3,709. The present^popS tion is about 5,000. lev- el, which is twice in a tide, and continues only about 20 minutes each time." Frederickton, the capital of New Brunswick, iTiiles S', from W. Ion. Gardner, Mass. Worcester co. Otter river, a congiderable stream, a branch of Miller's river, rises partly in this town, and affords good mill seats. On this river is some good intervale land • the high lands are rough, but good or grazing. The value of palm- on this river, 80 mouth, in N, lat 46° 6G° 45'. lies its Gardiaei", Me. ieat Kennebec co. Gardiner was formerly a part of Pittston, and lies on the W. side of Kennebec river, 6 miles S. from Au.crusta, and 4 below Hallowell. It is located at the hats, straw bonnets, chairs wooden wares, leather, boots and shoes, manufactured in one year, amounted to $132,272. The cabinet ware and chairs amounted to $109,000. Gardner was incorporated in 1785, and lies 54 miles N. W. by W. from Boston and 23 N. W. by N. from Worcescabinet and head of large navigation, and in regard to its commerce, manufacturing and agricultural interests, it is considered one of the most flourishter. Population, 1837, 1,276. ing towns in Maine. It was incorchurch was formed here porated in 1S03, and was named in in and the Rev. Jonathan Osgood honor of Dr. Sylvester Gardi- 1786, was ordained. He died in 1825 KER, one of the proprietors of the af- A old Plymouth ter sustaining the vocations of patent. The Cobbessecontee waters meet the Kennebec river at this place, and produce a water power of usefulness and extent. mills for sawing lumber of are all di- mensions, and here are vessels of from SO to 120 tons burthen, lading It for transportation to its various are also manuf\ictures of various other kinds. This markets. Here town, Hallowell and Augusta,lie in a most favored section of our country. What we have said in regard to the location of Hallowell and Augusta, may be applied to Gardiner. These towns are on the same side of a noble river, united by the interests and feelings, and will same soon be connected by a rail-road passing between them. The village of Gardiner is very pleasant The business part lying on the river, 13 full of activity and enterprise. buildings, on a gentle rise from the river, are beautifully located. They command a delightful prospect, and some of them are of The Gariaiid, Me. g-reat Here jms- tor,2^hysician and school master, 30 years, Penobscot CO. Garland is watered by some of the head branches ot Kenduskeag stream. It lies 74 miles N. E. by N. from Augusta, and 27 N. W. from Bangor, fucorporated, 1811. Population, 1830 621 ; 1837, 932. This is an excellent township of land it produced 1837, 6,521 bushels of wheat. ' ; m Gay Head, Mass. See Chilmark. Georgetown, Me. Lincoln Georgetown is contwo considerable islands lying at the mouth of Kennebec river. These islands have Kennebec river on the W., Sheepscot rivco. stituted of er on the E., and separated from Woolwich on the N. by a navigable passage between those two rivers. It is a Httle the opposite shore. below Bath, on This is one �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Gilead, Me. of the most ancient settlements in Maine. The town was incorporatedinl716. Population, 1S37, 1,355. Oxford CO. Between two mounon both sides of Androscoggin There is some good land on river. tains 46 miles S. from Augusta, W. from Wiscasset. This has excellent harbors, and postown It lies and 12 the river, but the chief part of the township is fit only for grazing. The expense of transportation of S. sesses peculiar privileges for all oc- cupations connected with navigation and the fisheries. fuel 71 miles W. from Augusta, and 25 S. S. W. from Paris. IncorporaPopulation, 1837, 374. ted, 1804. Georgetown was the It was called W. JS'ew Rowley for some years, unCO. part of Rowley". til its the mountains, in a slipGilead is very trifling. lies Georgeto^vii, Mass. Essex down pery time, Gilford, ]V. H., One of the four shire towns for Straflbrd county, is situated on the side of Winnepisiogee lake. S. incorporation as a separate town, in 1838. Georgetown is watered hy a branch of Parker's river, and is almost entirely engaged in manufactures and the mechanic It is a pleasant town and higharts. This town lies 26 miles^N. N. E. from Concord, and 48 N. W. from Portsmouth. The soil is generally There are two ponds productive. in this town, Little and Chattleborough. Gunstock and Mile's rivers, rising in Suncook mountains and Population, about ly flourishing. It lies 30 miles N. from 1,500. Boston, and 10 S. W. from NewbuThe people of Georgetown ryport. flowi'ng N. into the lake, are the The N. source principal streams. of the Suncook river is on the S. are probably more extensively engaged in the manufacture of boots and shoes than at any other place, of these mountains, which extend in a lofty pile over the E. part of the town, from Gilmanton line nearly to the lake. There are seven islands in the lake, belonging to GilGeorgia, Vt. ford, one of which has been connected to the main land by abridge Population, 1S30, Franklin co. This town, 30 rods in length. 1,897." Georgia lies 40 miles N. which was formerly a part of GilW. from Montpelier, and 8 S. from manton, was incorporated June 16, First settled, 1784. St. Albans. It was settled in 1778. 1812. The soil of Georgia is various but Here are manufactories of cotton It feeds about generally fertile. goods, besides other useful mills 11,000 sheep. The Lamoille pass- and machinery. Four bridges es through the S. E. corner of the across the Winnepisiogee connect toAvn, which, with other streams, The vilthe town with Meredith. give it an ample water power. This lage at this place is thriving and trade and is a place of considerable Population, 1830, 1,872. pleasant. The population, in America. value of boots and shoes manufactured, and leather tanned, is said to exceed $500,000 annually. of its Over Stone some manufactures. Bridge brook is a stone bridge,— a curious piece of nature's mechanGeorgia is washed on the ^\ ism. by Lake Champlain the village is . : pleasantly located, and commands some very pretty lake and mountain scenery. Gill, Mass. A mountainous Franklin co. township on the W. side of Connecticut river 86 miles W. by N. from Boston, and 5 E. N. E. from ; Greenfield. Gill contains a fine �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. tract of rich intervale on a bend The people of the Connecticut, are generally engaged in farming. The town is divided from Greenfield It has some manuby Fall river. factures of combs, wooden ware, leather and palm-leaf hats. The fleeces of 1,809 sheep weighed 5,627 pounds, and were valued, in Population, 1837, 1837, at $2,214. 809. Taken from Deerfield in 1793. Gilmaiitoii; N. II. One of the shire towns in Strafford county, 17 miles N. N. E. from Concord, and 45 W. N. W. fi-om Portsmouth. It is bounded N. and N. E, by Gilford and Alton. Population, 1830, 3,816. Beside the Winnepisiogee, this town is water»ed by the Suncook and Soucook theological seminary at this place is connected with the academy, and is a flourishing institution. Oilsum, N. H. A small township in Cheshire county, situated about 10 miles E. from the Connecticut. The soil is, many parts, fertile, and produces good crops of grass and grain. Ashuelot river runs through this town and affords a good supply of water for mills, which is improved for cotton and other manufactures. Gilsum was granted July 13, 1763, to Messrs. Gilbert, Sumner and others. From the comin bination of the first syllables of the names of these men, it derives the name of Gil-sum. The first settlement was made in 1764. Gilsum lies 55 miles S. W. by W. from which have their sources in Concord, and about 9 N. from Gilmanton. The Suncook rises in a Keene. Population, 1830, 642. rivers, pond near the top of one of the Suncook mountains, elevated 900 Gleuburn, Me. feet above its base. The water of Penobscot co. This territory this pond falls into another at the was called Dutton, from 1822 to foot of the mountain, of 1 mile in 1837. It lies 76 miles N. E. from length and 1-2 mile wide. Passing Augusta, and 10 N. N. W. from from this, it falls into another, covBangor. Population, 1837, 717. ering about 500 acres, from which Glenburn is situated on both sides it meanders through the town, reof the great bend of Kenduskeag ceiving several streams in its course. The Soucook rises from Loon, stream. It has a water power, but Rocky and Shellcamp ponds, town. S. part of the in the This town is The soil is wheat when properly very hilly and rocky. hard, but fruitful, cultivated. the inhabitants are mostly farmers. soil is good, and considerable The The geology of is raised. GlastenTbury, Vt. this Bennington co. This is a towntown presents many varieties. There are several springs in Gilman- ship of 40 square miles of mounton, termed mineral one of which tainous land, more fit for the resi; has proved efficacious in cutaneous dence of wild beasts than human It is 9 miles N. E. from and bilious affections. This town beings. was granted May 20, 1727, to 24 Bennington. Population, 1830, 59. persons of the name of Gilman, and Glastenlmry, Ct. 152 others. In Dec. 1761, Benjamin and John Mudgett, with their Hartford co. This town, prefamilies, settled here. Dorothy first child, was born here "Weed, the Oct. 13, 1762. An academy was founded here in 1764. Its productive funds are about $11,000. The incorporation in 1690, to Wethersfield. It lies Oft the east side of Connecticut river opposite to Wethersfield, 8 miles S. from Hartford. It has vious to its had been attached �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. on Connecticut rivis rough vessels. The lights on Thatcher's island bear about northeast 6 miles About but generally productive. a mile and a half from Connecticut river, and 8 miles from Chatham freestone quarry, in a romantic spot from East Point, the eastern boundary of Gloucester harbor. As early as 1794 the exports from this place, in one year, amounted to ij^230,000. Here are immense quarries of light and grayish granite, which is split with great ease, and in large regularly formed blocks. This stone is of a fine grain, is easily dressed, and can be put on board of vessels with little expense. The some er. fine land The face of the uphvuds between the hillji,is a beautiful vil- lage connected with the Hartford Manufacturing Company. Roar- ing passes brook, at this place, through a very narrow defile, afford- ing a great and constant water powCotton ii manufactured here er. to a considerable extent, and the From village is very flourishing. the hills around this village a great variety of delightful scenery is observable. Population, 1S30, 2,980. " In the eastern part of the town there is a pond of about a mile in circumference, called ' Diamond pond,' from the circumstance of there being small pebbles or stones around its margin, having a peNear the cenculiar brilliancy. tre of the town there is a mineral spring, which, though it has acquired no celebrity abroad, has been thought by men of science who have examined it, to possess valuable medicinal qualities ; and for more than one hundred years has been known by the name of the ' Pool of Neipseic' " Gloucester, Mass. Essex CO. This is a maritime township, comprising the whole of Cape Ann, and celebrated for the enterprise of its people in the fisheries and commercial pursuits. It is one of the oldest fishing establishments in the state. Tliis cape extends about 8 miles into the sea, and forms the northern boundary of Massachusetts bay. Its harbor is capacious, easy of access at any season, and of sufficient water for ships of great burthen. Gloucester harbor and the chief settlements are on the south side. Sandy and Squam bays lie on the north side, about 4 miles fi-om the south harbor, and afford harbors for small demand for this stone is rapidly increasing, and the quarrying, hammering, and transporting it gives employment to many men and vessels. The canal across the neck of the cape has failed of that success which was anticipated. The manufacture of palm-leaf hats, boots, shoes, hats, vessels, chairs, tin and cabinet wares, in the year ending April 1, 1837, amounted to In that year there were $46,726. 221 vesrels employed in the cod and mackerel fishery, the tornage of which was 9,824 tons. They took 55,181 quintals of cod fish, and 43,934 barrels of mackerel 113,760 bushels of salt was used, and 1,580 hands employed. The value of the cod and mackerel taken was There are belonging to $;522,082. this place a great number of vessels engaged in foreign and domestic trade. The total tonnage of the district in 1837 was 18,802 tons. : This town lies in N. lat. 42° 36', W. Ion. 70° 40', and was incorpora1639. Population, 1820, 1830, 7,513; 1837, 8,822. It lies 29 miles N. E. from Boston, and 16 N. E. by E. from Salem. Gloucester is a very pleasant town, and a delightful retreat in summer ted in 6,-384; months, Gloucestei*, R.. I. Providence co. This large and respectable manufacturing town lies 16 miles W. S. W. from Providence, and 50 E. by N. from Hartford. First settled, 1700. Incorpo- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. rated, 1730. town is but the The surface of the somewhat broken by soil is well adapted hills, to agri- cultural purposes, particularly to grazing. Gloucester furnishes large supplies of various products for market. There are tine forests in several parts of the town, and large quantities of ship and other timber are conveyed to Providence and other places. The Chepachet and ning in a northerly direction. It happened that the northern barrier of the pond consisted entirely of quicksand, except an encrusting of The sand clay next the water. was immediately removed by the current, and a large channel formed. The basin formed by the encrusting of clay was incapable of sustaining the incumbent mass of waters, and it brake. The whole pond immesome smaller streams give Glou- diately took a northerly course, and, cester a good water power. Man- in fifteen minutes from this time, its ufacturing establishments are very bed was left entirely bare. It was numerous, and Gloucester yields to discharged so suddenly that the but few towns in England in country below was instantly inunthe value of this branch of indus- dated. The deluge advanced like try, particularly in the manufac- a wall of waters, 60 or 70 feet in ture of cotton. Population, 1830, height, and 20 rods in width, leveling the forests and the hills, and 2,522. filling up the valleys, and sweeping Glover, Vt. off mills, houses, barns, fences, catOrleans co. Glover was first set- tle, horses and sheep as it passed, tled in 1797. It lies 33 miles N. for the distance of more than ten N. E. from Montpelier, and 12 S. miles, and barely giving the inhabby E. from Irasburgh, The town itants sufficient notice of its apis hilly, and the soil is more fit for proach to escape with their lives ingrazing than tillage. There are to the mountains. rock, supposabout 3,200 sheep in the town. ed to weigh more than 100 tons, There are in the town branches of was removed half a mile from its Barton's, Passumpsic, Lamoille, and bed. The waters removed so rapBlack rivers, and several ponds. idly as to reach Memphremagog On these streams are some manu- lake, distance 27 miles, in about factures, but none of any great six hours from the time they left Nothing now remains importance. Population, 1830,902. the pond. copy an account of the run- of the pond but its bed, a part of ning off of Long Pond, from which is cultivated and a part overThompson's valuable Gazetteer of grown with bushes and wild grass, Vermont. with a small brook running through "Long pond was situated partly it, which is now the head branch The channel in this township and partly in of Barton river. Greensborough. This pond was through which the waters escaped one and a half miles long, and about is 127 feet in depth and several pond, some dishalf a mile wide, and discharged its rods in width. waters to the south, forming one of tance below, was, at first, entirely the head branches of the river La- filled with sand, which has since moille. On the 6th of June, 1810, settled down, and it is now about about 60 persons w^ent to this pond one half its former dimensions. for the purpose of opening an outMarks of the ravages are still to be Jet to the north into Barton river, seen through nearly the whole that the mills, on that stream, might course of Barton river." receive an occasional supply of waGoffstown, N. H., small channel was excavater. Hillsborough co., is 12 miles N. ted, and the water commenced run- New A We A A �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. by E. from Amherst, and 16 S. from Piscataquog river, the tributary branches of which unite near the W. line of the town, runs through its centre in an E. direction, and falls into Merrimack river at Piscataquog village in Bed- Concord. gusta, 27 S. E. from Ellsworth, and bounded by Sullivan on the N. Incorporated, 1789. Popula';ion, 1830, 880; 1837, 1,047. is Gorliam, Me. Cumberland co. This town li Large quantities of lumber watered on the N. E. side by Preare annually floated down this riv- sumpscut river, and the Cumberland er to the Merrimack, and most of and Oxford canal. It is 9 miles W. the mill privileges are derived from N. W. from Portland, and 63 S. W. this valuable stream. There are from Augusta. Gorham was first two considerable elevations in the settled in 1736, bj"^ John Phinney S. W. part of the town, which ob- and others from Barnstable county, tained from the Indians the name iSIass. jNIaine was at that time of Un-can-nu-nuc. On the rivers almost a wilderness. Portland, Saare considerable tracts of valuable co and Scarborough were very feeintervale. Back from the rivers ble in consequence of the depredacommence extensive plains, easy of tions of the Indians. These peocultivation, and producing abun- ple endured great privations, and dant crops of Indian corn and rye. for many years were in constant ford. From apprehension of attack by the sav" The wives and daughages. into large swells. In this town ters of the first settlers of Gorham there is an extemive cotton factory. shared in all the toils and wants of The Goffstown Manufacturing Com- their husbands and fithers ; they pany are erecting a large woolen used to labor in the field, carry burfactory at a flourishing village, in dens, go to mill, and aid in defence the W. part of the town, on Piscat- of their property. One time when aquog river. Population, 1S30, most of the men were away, the Indians attacked the fort, and the 2,213. Dr. JoxATHAr^j- Gove, a man wife of Hugh McLellan rallied the distinguished for his urbanity, his women in the garrison, shut the talonts and professional skill, resid- gates, mounted the walls, fired uped in this town. He was one of on the Indians, and by her courage the oldest practitioners of medicine and activity baffled the enemy till in the county. He was many years succor arrived." an active member of the legislaRev. Solomon Lombard, a native of Truro, Mass., was the first setture. tled minister. His annual salary Goldsboroiigli, Z5Ie. was £53, 6s. Sd. He was ordained Hancock co. This is a large Dec. 26, 1750. One hundred and township, on the Atlantic ocean, twenty dollars were raised to defray containing a number of excellent the expenses of the ordination. harbors, and nearly surrounded by copy the following from the water. It is admirably located for list of supplies for that occasion, to all the various pursuits in navigashow the prices of some articles at tion. Goldsborough harbor, on the that period. E. side of the town, is capacious and 1 barrel of flour, £14 7s. 6d. easy of approach by almost any 3 bushels of apples, 2 8 wind. Frenchman's bay extends 2 barrels of cider, 9 on the W. side of the town and af2 gallons of brandy, 5 fords it many commercial advanta5 1 bottle of vinegar, ges. It lies 99 mileg E. from Au2 cheeses, 6d. per lb. these plains the land rises on each side of Piscataquog river We �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. lbs. of pork, 7J, per lb. 6 candles, £0 Is. Od. 1 oz. of nutmegs, 8 fowls, 1 16 29 lbs. sugar, 8 14 1 tea pot, 1 10 4 gallons of rum, 5 4 2 bushels cranberries, 2 1 lb. of tea, 10 1 lb. of ginger, 2 6 gals, molasses, 2s. 8<^. per gal. 4 oz. of pepper, 6 54^ 10 Gorham is very pleasantly loca- its soil is of a superior qualited it has a flourishing academy, on ty a solid foundation it is a place of considerable trade, and of extensive manufactures of cotton, wool, leather, starch, and gunpowder. Gorham has produced many men of : : : among which were eminent and statesmen. It is noted attachment to the principles talents, jurists for its of the revolution. From 1807 to 1834, twenty persons died in Gorham, whose average age was 94 years. Population, 1837, 3,022. Gorliani, K". H., rough and unproductive township lying on the northCoos CO., is a erly base of the and bounded E. by Berlin, and and is V. bite mountains, ny small streams, which unite The Goslieii, N. H., co., is bounded N. by Newport and Wendell, E. by Newbury, S. by Washington, and W. by Sullivan Lempster and Unity. It is 42 miles W. by N. from Concord. Croydon turnpike passes through Goshen. From Sunapce mountain, lying in the E. part of this town, spring ma- | particularly calculated for the production of grass. It was The incorporated Dec. 27, 1791. first settlement was made about the year 1769, by Capt. Benjamin Rand, William Lang, and Daniel Grindle, whose sufferings and hardships were very great. The crops of the first settlers were greatly injured, and sometimes entirely destroyed by early frosts. In such cases they procured grain from Walpole and other places. At a certain time of scarcity, Capt. Rand went to that place after grain, and being detained by a violent snow storm, his family was obliged to live without provision for six days, during which time Mrs. Rand sustained one of his children, 5 years old, by the milk from her breast, having a short time before buried her infant child. Population in 1830, 772. soil is i j I '' ; \ \ !! ! Croslieu, Vt. Addison First settled, 1800. co. Goshen lies Population, 1830, 555. 30 milc3 S. W. from Montpelier, and 15 S. E. from Middlebury. Leicester and Philadelphia rivers supply the town with mill privileges. The lands along the rivers are very good, but in general they are too by Shelburne, N. W. by Randolph, 96 miles N. from Concord. mountainous Several streams descend from the mountains through this town into the Androscoggin. It was formerly called Shelburne Addition, but was incorporated by its present name June 18, 1836. Population in 1830, 111. in forming Sugar river. Rand's pond is in the N. E. part of the town. tion. this cultivaare found in for profitable Some minerals town. Goslieu, Mass. Hampshire A co. mountainous town, 103 miles W. by N. fj-om Boston, and 12 N. W. from NorthampSome valuable minerals are ton. found here, such as emeralds, lead, and tin. The manufactures of Goshen are small, chiefly of boots and The value of 3,048 fleeces shoes. of wool, produced in 1837, was sold Population, 1837, 560. for $4,500. GoslicH, Ct. Litchfield co. First settled, 1738. _ �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Incorporated, 1830, 1,734. 1749. Goshen Population, miles lies 6 N. from Litcliiield, 42 N. N. W. from New Haven, and 32 W. from Great attention is paid Hartford. in this town to the education of Ivy mountain, in Goshen, youth. is considered the most elevated point of land in the state ; its summit presents an extensive and delightful " Goshen is the most elepro'jpect. vated township in the state,' but not been much celebrated for its pic- turesque beauties. Its numerous angular projections, the variety of its islands covered with wood, and the vicinity of lofty mountains, render it an object peculiarly interest- There are numerous elevaing. tions which come under the name Those of the most of mountains. importance are Gardner's in Ly- generally mountainous ; the surface being undulating, aflbrding an in- njan, Peaked in Bethlehem, Moosehillock in Coventry, Cushman's and the Blue mount in Peeling, Carr's in Warren and Ellsworth, Moose in teresting diversity of hills and vales. Hanover, and Cardigan The soil is a gravelly loam, deep, strong and fertile, admirably adapted for grazing. This is one of the best towns for the dairy business in the state. Large quantities of cheese are annually made, the fame of which is V, idely and Justly celebrated, and the inhabitants are generally in prosperous circumstances. In neatness, in and about their dwellings, and in the appearance of general comfort and prosperity, they are not exceeded, if equalled, by any tov»*n in the state." Gosport, See Isles ]V. II. of Shoals. Grafton Coimty, K. H. IlaverhUl and Plymouth are the county towns. This county extends from lat. 43° N. 58 miles in length, and its greatest breadth is SO miles. It contains 828,623 acres, besides a large tract of ungranted land. It is bounded N. by the coun27' to 44=" 22'' ty of Coos, E. A was made Strafford, S. by Orange. at Lebanon, and this was settlement on Connecticut It was river north of Charlestown. constituted a county, wlarch 19, 1771, and received its name in honor of Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Grafton. Population in 1775, 3..597; in 1790, 12,449; in 1800, 20,171; in 1810,28,402; in and in 1830, 38,691. 1820, 32,989 the first ; It is by in Grafton county is mouniainous and hilly, but this circumstance does not prevent its It presents fine productiveness. tracts for pasturage, a large proportion of arable land, and on the rivers, extenjive and fertile intervales. This county is emphatically a wool growing county, and there were, in 18.37, more"^ than 120,000 sheep within its borders. The first settlement in this county larsre portion of Graft OM, N. U., Grafton co., is bounded N. E. by Orange, S. E. by Banbury, S. W. by Springfield, and N. W. by EnIt is 36 miles N. W. from field. Concord, and 13 S. E. from Dart- Merrimack, and V.'. by the state It is watered by of Vermont. Grafton county is wa- mouth college. tered by Connecticut river, on branches of Smith's and Mascomy which are several pleasant and rivers. Heard's liver, a small tribby Pemigewas- utary to Smith's river, waters the flourishing towns There are 5 ponds. set, and Lower Amonoosuck rivers, S. E. part. Tb.e largest, containing from 200 to and by many smaller streams. ; Squam and Newfound 300 acres, largest Two lakes are the The collections of water. former, of which a considerable part lies in Strafford county, has 14 is called Grafton pond. The are named Mud ponds. surface of Grafton is very hilly, in some parts very mountainous ; and �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. the soil is so rocky as, in many places, to be unlit for culiivation. There however, some are, tracts of land. good The Gi-afton turnfrom Andover to Or- pike, leadingford bridge, passes through the E. part, and the 4th N. H. turnpike, from Concord (o Hanover, tiirough the V/. part. In this town there is a remarkable ledge, called the Pinnacle, on the S. side of which the ground rises by a gradual ascent to the summit; but on the N. side, it falls nearly 150 feet, within the disIsinglass, as tance of 6 or 8 feet. it is commonly called, is found in a state of great purity in Glass Hiil mountain. It adheres in the form of lamina to rocks of white and yellow quartz. The usual size of these lamina is about G inches square, but some have been found much larger. It requires much labor to obtain which, when prepared, transported to Boston, and from this glass, is variety of mineral treasure. Its surface is uneven with a strong and productive soil. Grafton was first settled, 1780. Population, 1830, It lies 90 miles S. from 1,439. Montpelier, and 18 N. from Newfane. Grafton, Mass. Worcester co. This important manufacturing town, the Hassanamiseo of the Indians, was incorpoIt lies 36 miles S. Boston, and 9 S. E. from ^\'orcester. Population, 1830, 1,839; 1837, 2,910. Blackstone river and several large ponds give this town a constant and valuable water power. There are 5 cotton and 1 woolen mills. The total amount of the manufoctui-es of Grafton, the year ending April 1, 1837, was $1,052, 448. The manufactures consisted of cotton and woolen goods, boots, shoes, leather, scythes, chairs, tin, cabinet and wooden wares, shoe rated in 1735, W. by W. from thence exported to England. It is found on the E. side of the mountain, which is 200 feet high. Gnifton was granted Aug. 14, 1761, to Ephraim Sherman and others. The first permanent settlement was and bricks. The manufacture of boots and shoes amounted to ^614,141, employing 1,392 males and females. Grafton has a fine soil, is beautifully located, and ex- made ceedingly nourishing. in J^Iay, 1772, by Capt. Jo- seph Hoyt, from Poplin. Capt. Alexander Pixley and wife we-c the second family who settled here. Incorporated in 177S. Population Essex allied to This town is nearly Ferdinand, both in loca- CO. and the character of the soil. lies the next town S. of it, and 97 people, it is said, reside within the limits of Granby. Granby Grafton, Vt. Grafton co. is finely watered by Sexton's river, which is formed in the town by the union of several streams and by a branch ; of Williams' river. On these streams are manufactui-es of woolen and other goods. Soap-stone of an excellent quality is very abundant in this place. It is man-ifactured by water power for various uses to a great extent it is bored for aqueducts and sold at a very low price. This town contains two pleasant and flourishing villages, and a great : Giranljy, Vt. tion in 1830, 1,207. Windham tools Oraiiby, Mass. Hampshire co. This town lies 90 miles W. by S. from Boston, and 9 S. E. from Northampton. Incorporated, 1763. It has good fish ponds and two small streams. There are two woolen mills in the town and 2,067 sheep. The wool, in Population, 1837, sold for $3,670. 1837, 922. It is said that copper ore of a good quality is found in Granby. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Granby, Ct. all sides by Lake Champlain except on the S., where it is bounded on Hartford co. This town was corporated in 1786, and \vns that part of Simsbury which contains the famous Simsbury mines the old The state prison of Connecticut. cavern, once occupied as a prison, is now worked, as formerly, as a copper mine. This odious place, unlit for the residence of the worst of criminals, is 16 miles N. N. W. from Hartford. The pit or cavern is more than 50 feet in depth, The worst dark, damp and dismal. stigma that can be cast on the good people of Connecticut is, that this infernal region was suffered to remain nearly 40 years the abode There are of their fellow beings. some hills in Granby of considerain- ; Barn door hills rise ble elevation. between four and five hundred feet, and have the appearance of having been separated by some convulsion Turkey hills and Salof nature. mon brook are pleasant villages, and have the appearance of prosperity. Farmington river w-aters the former, and a branch of that river, the Population, 1830, 2,722. latter. Grand Isle County, Vt. JVorth Hero is the county town. This county comprises a group of islands in Lake Champlain, and a bounded by South Hero, from which taken in 1809. it was It lies 50 miles N. W. from Montpelier, and 18 N. by W. from Burlington. Population, of the town is very fertile ; it produces fine crops of grain and an abundance of fruit and cider. Marble, lime-stone, rock crystals. Sec, are found here, and Grand Isle contains the only water This is a fine mill in the county. place for fishing and fowling. First settled, 1830, 643. 17S3. The soil Grand Lake* is a large collection of walying partly in the county of This ter, Washington, Me., and partly in New Brunswick. It contains a large number it receives the small lakes and is the chief source of the Croix. It lies about 90 E. from Bangor. of islands: waters of rivers, and river St. miles N. many Gi'antliam., ]V. H., Sullivan co., is bounded Enfield, E. by Springfield, Croydon, and which separates W. by N. by S. by Plainfield, from Connecticut It is 12 miles S. E. from river. Dartmouth college, and 45 N. W. from Concord. There are 7 or 8 it ponds, the largest of which lies in the S. E. part of the town and is called Eastman's pond, containing nearly 300 acres. Another, lying near the centre of the town, contains nearly 200 acres. Croydon mountain extends through the westing and tillage. This county has erly part of Grantham in a direcno considerable streams, but its nav- tion from S. W. to N. E. The soil It is productive, especially on the "VV. igable facilities are very great. was first settled about the close of of the mountain. It seems to be Incorpora- more favorable for wheat than any the revolutionary war. It contained, in 1837, other species of grain. ted, 1802. The mounabout 16,000 sheep. Population, tain affords good pasturage, and the 1820, 3,527; 1830, 3,696. Popula- lower land yields grass in abundtion to a square mile, 46. ance. On the E. side of the mountain is a spring supposed to possess Grand Isle, Vt. medicinal qualities, visited by hunGrand Isle co. This town is dreds of valetudinarians in the sum- point of land jutling into the N. part of that lake on the S. side of the Canada line, on which Alburgh This county contains is situated. about 80 square miles most of the land is level and excellent for graz: �NEW ENGLAND mer GAZETTEER. On the summit of variegated marble, and a good mill a natural pond, stream. The soil on the banks of containing about 5u acres. This the Housatonick is fertile and the town was first granted July 11, uplands are well adapted for graz1761, but the proprietors not fuifill- ing. The manufactures consist of ing the conditions of the charter, it cotton and woolen goods, boots, was forfeited. In 1767, it was re- shoes, leather, hats, pig iron, lasts, granted to Col. William Symmes and tin ware, bevils and guages. To63 others, by the name of Gran- tal amount of manufactures in one tham. Incoi'poraied in 1761. Pop- year, $122,369. This town the same year (1837) produced 2,657 ulation, in 1830, 1,079. fleeces of merino wool, valued at season. Croydon mountain is Gfi-aiivllle, Vt. SP"3 Addison co. See Barnard, Me. Graiaville, Mass. Hampden The This is a mountainous township, 110 miles W. S. W. from Boston, and 14 W. from Springfield. It contains good soapThe wool stone and 1,500 sheep. There are sold in 1837 for $2,572. some manufactures in Granville of pocket books, hoots, shoes, leather, Although the and silver ware. co. high, the soil in many parts The is very good and productive. village is very pleasant. IncorporaPopulation, 1837,1,439. ted, 1754. land Gr«at-]Says, N. H. is largest is that lying E. from Market, formed by the united v/aters of Swamscot, Winnicut, and Laniprey rivers. It is 4 miles wide, and at some seasons is picturesque as connected with the surrounding scenery. This bay has Newington on the E., Greenland and Stratham on the S., and New Market and New Durham W, its waters pass N. E. through Little bay, where Oyster river unites with the current which : passes into the Piscataqua. Great-Bay, between Sanbornton and Meredith, is a body of water, connected with Winnepisiogee Cumberland co. This is a fine farm- lake, and dischai-ging its waters ining town, watered by branches of to Winnepisiogee river. Round and North Yarmouth and Presumpscot Long bays are situated between the rivers, and containing a large part of lake and Great Bay, and there are Little Sebago pond. It lies 17 miles two small bays on the river below N. by W. from Portland and 44 S. Great Island, N. H. W. from Augusta. Incorporated, Population, 1337, 1,671. 1778. See JVew Castle. Gi-ay is a pleasant town and a place Great IVorks Stream, Me. of considerable trade and some manufactures. This stream has anumber of tributaries, and is an important branch Great Earriiigtoii, Mass. of the Penobscot. It has many sites Berkshire co. very pleasant for mills, and falls into the Penobtown in the valley of Housatonick scot, on the E. side, opposite to the river, 12.5 miles Y*.^ by S. from Bos- Indian settlement at Oldtown. At ton, and 14 S. from Lenox. Incor- its confluence with the Penobscot Gray, Me. A porated, 2,440. 1761. Population, 1837, Monument mountain, there is a considerable village. some wild and picturesque scenery. There is another stream of this name, which rises in York county, and passes to Salmon Fall river, at Here South Berwick. this town, is quite lofty : it in presents are good iron ore, beautifully �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Greene, Me. Kennebec CO. a favorite Greene has several ponds, but no good mill privileges. It lies on the E. side of Androscoggin river, 6 miles above Lewiston, and 22 S. W. from Augusta. It is an excellent farming town, and produced, in 1S37, 3,27S bushels of wheat. Incorporated, 178S. Population, 1837, 1,366. Greeiil)us!i, Penobscot CO. This territory was the Olammon Plantation, until its incorporation in 1834. Olammon stream, one of the most beautiful tributaries of the Penobscot, joins that river, on the E. side, in Greenbush, affording an extensive hydraulic power. Greenbush is a flourishing place, and lies about 25 miles N. by E. from Bangor. Population, 1830, 333; 1837, h'oQ. Greenfield, Me. co. five Greenfield, Mass. Me. called Hancock sons of the ponds ; the largest about one mile in length, and one third of its length in width. The first settlement commenced in 1771, by Capt. Alexander Parker, Slajor A. Whittemore, Simeon Fletcher, and others. It was incorporated June 15, 1791. Population, in 1830, 946. spot of the There are forest. This town was in- corporated in 1834. It was No. 38 on the Bingham Purchase. See " Down East." Greenfield, N, H., Hillsborough co., is bounded N. by Francestown and Society-Land, E. by Francestown and Lyndeborough, S. by Lyndeborough and Temple, and W. by Peterborough County town, Franklin co. This town lies on the W. side of Connecticut river, and is washed by Green an excellent mill stream, a branch of the Deerfield. The village is situated about 2 miles from Connecticut liver, and is very beautiful and flourishing. There is a woolen mill in Greenfield with four sets of machinery and manufacriver, ; tures of boots, shoes, leather, hats, iron castings, chairs, cabinet and tin wares, saddles, harnesses,trunks, stove and lead aqueduct pipe, iron work, guns, pistols, rifles, coaches, wagons, books, &,c. The total amount of manufactures, for the year ending April 1, 1837, was ,$164,844. ^The'value of wool, the pioductof 2,153 fleeces, sheared in There is an 1837, was $3,404. academy for young ladies in this town, a farming school for young men, and some iron and copper ores. Greenfield lies 95 miles W. by N. from Boston, and 22 N. from Northampton. Incorporated, 1753. Pop- and Hancock. It is 14 miles W. N. W. from Amherst, and 33 S. AV. from Concord. Contoocook river ulation, 1S30, 1,540; 1837, 1,840 forms part of the W. boundary, and Greenland, N. H., separates this town from Hancock, The generally fertile. The excellent pasturage the valleys and plains are favorable for grain. Hops are raised in great abundance. part of Crotchcd mountain rises from the N. part, soil is hills afford ; A Rockingham co., is situated five miles W.S.W. from Portsmouth, and 45 E.S.E. from Concord it is bounded N. by the Great-Bay and Newington, E. by Portsmouth and Rye, : S. by North-IIampion, and "\V. by and part of Lyndeborough mountain Stratham. The soil is remarkably from the S. and E. sections of this good. The orchards and gardens town. There are some valuable of this town are valuable, and yield meadows in one of them have annual profits to the farmers. been found many Indian relics, from Greenland, originally a part of Portswhich it is conjectured that it was mouth, was incorporated as a dis; 14* �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. tinct town in 1703, commenced early, and were 329 Settlements 1705 there in inhabitants. Samuel M'Cl,intock, Rev. D. D., who died in the 48th of his ministry, was hoi-n at Mass., year Med- May 1, 1732; graduaJersey college in 1751; ordained in 1756; and died April 27, 1804, aged 72. His fa- ford, ted at the New ther was a native of Ireland. Dr. M'Clintock was a sound divine, eminent as a preacher, and distinguished for his attachment to the cause of his country. He served as a chaplain in tlie army of the revolution. Population in 1830, GSl. Green Momiataiais. For his good fortune in respect, the proprietors of the township gave him 100 acres of " Beautiful lake " and seveland. ral other lakes and ponds in this town, form a part of the head waters of the river Lamoille. This town is v/ell timbered the surface is not very elevated the soil in general is good, particularly for grazing. It produces some fine catthis town. tliis : ; tle, and keeps about 4,000 sheep. Population, 1830, 784. Greenville, BIc. The " Haskell Piscataquis co. Plantation," incorporated in 1836. 109 miles from Augusta. Population, 1837, 132. See " Down East." This range of mountains rises in Lower Canada. pass nearly through the centre of Vermont, from N. to S., and the westerly parts of the states of Massachusetts and Connecticut, and terminate near NcAV Haven, on Long Island Sound. From their green appearance they give the name to Vermont, and decrease in height as they approach The north peak, in Mansfield, Vt., is the greatest elevation, being 4,279 feet above the surface of lake Champlain. the south. Green Kivei-s. river, in Massacliit setts, high lands at the N. W. corner of Berkshire county it passes N. W. through Williamstovvn, and the S. W. corner of Vermont, and joins the Hoosick in N. Y. There are several smaller streams rises in the ; in New England of the Hampshire co. same name. Greeaislsoi'oiigla, "Vt. Orleans oo. Vf'^illiam Scott Shepard, born March 25, 1789, was the first white child brought forth in There are anum- ponds in this town, by which, and Swift river passing through it, a good water power is acquired. There is a woolen mill in the town, and manufactures of shoes, boots, palm-leaf hats, and scythes. In- bei- of corporated, 1754. Population, 1837, 842. Greenwich lies 75 miles W. fi'om Boston, and 17 N. E. from Northampton. Greeii^vicli, Ct. Fairfield co. Green, or Quodotchquoik river, in the N. E. part of Penobscot county, Maine, is an important branch of the St. John's, and joins that river about 24 miles W. from the line of New Brunswick. Green GrceiiAvicli. Mass. They The settlement of town commenced in 1640, and was incorporated by Stuyvesant, the Dutch governor at New York, in 16G5. Greenwich comprises three parishes or villages, West Greenwich, Greenwich on the E. and Stanwich on the N. West Greenwich, on Horse JYech, so called from a peninsula on the Sound forthis — mei'ly used as a horse pasture, is the largest and most important part of Greenwich is watered the town. by By ran river, the boundaiy line between the town and state of York, and the most southern part of England. At the outlet of York side, Byran river, on the is a place called Satvpits, a noted landing place on the Sound, 28 miles New New New �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. New York. Miannus and other smaller streams water the town. N. E IVom number handsom« buildings. of said to be very manufacturing and It lies 8 concerns. great battle took place between commercial and 46 Dutch and Indians at Horse miles N. E. from Norwich, the There are action was E. S. E. from Hartford. The Neck, in 1646. manufactories of cotton in long and severe, both parties light- other The this town, and some of wool. The much obstinacy. ing with its soil is hilly Dutch with much dilhculty kept suiface of Griswoid some produce is o-raveliy loam field, and the Indians with- a the and about 3,000 drew. Great numbers were slain sent to "market, Population, 1S30, on both sides, and tlie graves of the sheep are kept. dead, for a century or more, appeared like a number of small hills. Grotoii, K. H., " Putnam's Hill is situated in Grafton co., is bound N. by RumWest Greenvvdch, about five miles Orange, W. from Stamford, on the main road ncy, E. by Hebron, S. by It is 10 York. This place is cele- and W. by Dorchester. to New W. from Plymouth, 45 N. brated for the daring exploit of Gen- miles S. Vr. from Concord, and 15 S. E. from eral Putnam, who descended this The north part is v. aprecipice when pursued by the Brit- Hanover. tered by a branch of Baker's river, ish dragoons." has sevGreenwich is a rough and uneven and the southerly part creek This little city prOL-perous in is its A ; : township, with productive a soil. some wild scenery along and many beautiful views It presents the road, of Long Island Sound. miles W. S. W. from It New and 20 W. S. W. lies 48 Haven, from Fairfield. Population, 1830, 3,S05. Greeu^ivood, Ble. Incorporated, 1815. Oxford It lies 53 Population, 1837, 754. miles W. by S. fiom Augusta, and CO. This is a 7 N, W. from Paris. The township of excellent land. inhabitants are generally engaged eral which fall into There is but one small streams, Newfound lake. pond of any consequence lying wholly in thistown, and that is situated about a mile N. E. of the meetingGroton was granted July house. 8, 1761, to George Abbot and others It by the name of Cochernioutk. was re-granted, about five years afterwards, to Col. John Hale and others, and the first settlement was commenced in 1770. Incorporated by the name of Groton, Dec. 1796. Population, in 1830, 639. Groton, Vt. in agricultural pursuits. Caledonia co. First settled, 1787. Griswolcl, Ct. Wells river and its branches afford town this town a good water power.— New London co. This number of ponds in was taken from Preston in 1815, There are a Lisbon by Groton, well stored with excellent and is separated from large and Quennebaugh river. The Pochaug, fish, some of which are of the town is stream, passes through handsome. The soil a sluggish the town. The principal village, very neat and pretty, containing about yOO inhabitants, is which is called Jeii^ett City. The city lies on the east side of the Quonnebaug, at this place a very powerful stream, and contains three extensive cotton factories, a church, bank, and a generally hard, but there is some choice land along the streams, and good timber. The wife of a Mr. Page, of this town, in the year 1819, produced four lusty " green mountain boys" Svhen domestic manu- at a birth. factures of this description and �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. amount, are adduced as evidence of the prosperity of a town, it is useless to talk about water power, cotton factories, or wool growing. Groton lies 16 miles E. by S. from Moutpelier, and 15 S. by W. from Danville. Population, 1830, 836. Ciro'toa, Mass. Middlesex co. This is a delighttown, with an extraordinary good soil; 32 miles N. W. from Boston, and 13 W. by S. from Lowell. Groton was settled soon after Concord. It was for some years a frontier settlement, and much exful posed to the Indians. In 1G7G, the town was attacked by 400 Indians, and all the buildings plundered and burnt, except four garrison houses. A ty into Long Island Sound. number of whale ships and coasting vessels are owned in this town. This is a place of some trade, and considerable quantities of the produce of the county is shipped to York market. Ship building is carried on to a considerable extent, on the Mystic, wiiich is navigable for large vessels about tu'o miles from the Sound. About 300 men and boys are employed in navigation. Previous to its incorporation, in 1705, Groton was a part of NewLoadon. Population, 1830, 4,705. " Groton will ever be memorable as the theatre of the most important and interesting military transactions which have taken place in the state. In the early settlement of the country, the fate of New The town is finely watered by Nashua and Squanecook rivers Connecticut was decided by the and a number of beautiful ponds. sword on Pequot hill, within the The buildings are in a style of lin:iits of this town, and the Pequots, the great neatness and taste, and some of elegance. Tliis town has a female seminary of high reputation, and a number of moral and religious institutions. The local beauties of Groton and its facilities for education are so great as to induce many wealthy families to made it their residence. The manufactures of Groton consist of paper, axletrees, soap-stone pumps, mathematical instruments, clothing, palmleaf hats, chairs, cabinet ware, leather, boots and shoes. Incorporated, 1655. Population, 1830, 2,057. CJrotosi, Ct. New London co. Groton lies at the mouth of the river Thames, in the harbor of New London, and opposite to that city, on the E. The lands are generally hilly and rocky, with some fertile tracts on the margin of the Thames. There are several villages, Groton Bank, opposite London, Portersville, on New Mystic river, the most haughty and warlike tribe of savages in England, efFectually crushed by a single blow, and their existence as a nation annihilated. In the war of the revolution, another of the high places of Groton became an Aceldama', and the tiower of her sons were sacrificed to the vengeance of an infuriated enemy. " On the 6th of September, 1781, a body of British troops, about 800 in number, under the command of Lieut. Col. Eyre, landed on the Groton side, opposite the light- New ' house, and having found a lame boy collecting cattle, compelled him to show them the cart path to the fort. They landed about 9 o'clock in the morning of a most delightful day, Fort Griswold was clear and still. under the command of Lieut. Col. William Ledyard, brother of the celebrated traveller of the same name. He resided on Groton bank, New opposite London, and was much beloved and respected by his and Pequonnuck. neighbors. On the advance of the The Pequonnuck and Mystic ers pass through the town, and riv- emp- enemy, Col. Ledyard, about 150 men having but with him in the fort. �NEW ENGLAND sent out on officer to get assistance, as tljoie w^i-c a nuuiber of hundreds of people collected in the vicinity : GAZETTEER. some parts of the parade ground. wagoQ was loaded with wounded AmeiiSoon after the suriender, a by drinking too much, cans, and set off down the hill ; it intoxicated, and no rein- struck an apple tree with great force, forcement \vas obtained. On the and knocked several of these bleedrejection of a summons to surren- ing men out, and caused their inder, the I3rilish extended their lines, stant death. One of these distress60 that they were scattered over the ed men having been thrown ouc of fields, and rushed on to the attack the wagon, and while crawling towith trailed arms, under the lire of wards the fence on his hands and the Americans, to the assault of knees, was brutally knocked on the Having head by the butt end of a musket, the fort on three sides. effected a lodgment in the ditch, by one of the refugees who were they cut away the pickets, and hav- attached to the British army. The ing scaling ladders, they entered British embarked at the foot of the the fort and knocketl away the gate hill, near the ferry, and took off a on the inside. While tiie British number of prisoners with them. were in the ditch, they had cold As they left the fort, they set fire shot thrown on them, and as they to a train, intending to blow up the were entering the embrazures, the magazine, in which were about 100 garrison changed their weapons and barrels of powder. Fortunately it fought desperately with spears or was extinguished by our people, pikes, 15 or IG feet in length, which who entered the fort soon after the did considerable execution. Unfor- enemy left it. It is stated that the tunately they had lent the greater enemy lost in the attack on the for*^ part of the pikes belonging to the 54 killed and 143 wounded, several fort to a privateer a few days before. of whom afterwards died of their Major Montgomery was hoisted up wounds. The killed of the enemy on the walls of the fort by his sol- were buried by their comrades at diers. As he was flourishing his the gate of the fort, and were so sword on his entrance, he was mor- slightly covered that many of their tally wounded by Jordan Freeman, legs and arms remained above a colored man, who pierced him ground. Our people who were killthrough witli a spear. Another of- ed at the fort, were stripped, and so ficer was killed by a musket ball, disfigured, covered with blood and while in the fort. As he fell, he ex- dust, that with the exception of claimed ' Put every one to death, tvvo or three, they could not be redoii't spare one.' Col. Ledyard, cognized by their friends, except finding further resistance useless, by some particular marks on their this officer, became : presented his sword to an officer, who asked liim who commanded the 'I did,' said fort. ' Col. you do now.' but Ledyard, The officer (Capt. Bloomfield) took his sword and plunged it into his bosom. Col. Ledyard fell on his face and instantly expired. An indiscriminate mas- sacre now took place, till a British exclaimed ' ]\Iy soul cannot bear such destruction,' and ordered a parley to be beat. Such had been the butchery in the fort, that it was over shoes in blood in officer : persons." The monument onGroton Heights, in commemoration of Groton and of the destruction London by the New Arnold, " has its foundation stone at an elevation of about 1.30 feet above tide v/ater: the monutraitor ment itself is one hundred and twenty seven feet in height. The pedestal rises about eighteen or twenty feet, and is twenty three feet square on the pedestal rises an obelisk square, ninety two feet in height, twenty two feet square at its : �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. eleven feet at the top. ascended by one hundred and Giiilfoi'd, base, and It is sixty five stone steps, inserted into tlie outer wall, rising in a circular form, their inner ends supported by an iron rail and bannister. The monument is constructed of granite, of which there is an abundance in the vicinity. The expense of its erec- was eleven thousand dollars amount was raised by a lottery, granted by the state for this pur- tion this Me. Piscataquis CO. This town is finewatered by the Piscataquis and some of its upper branches. It is of fine soil, and produced in 1837, 4,965 bushels of wheat. It has a pleasant village, a number of mills, and considerable trade. Guilford is 71 miles N. by E. from Augusta, 45 N. W. from 'Bangor, and 12 N. W. from Dover. Incorporated, 1816. Population, 1837, 799. ly pose. Guilford, Vt. The following is the inscription, on marble, placed over the entrance of the monument. " This Pvlonument was erected under the patronage of the State of Connecticut, A. D. 1830, and in the 55th year of the Independence of the U. S. A. In memory of the brave Patriots who fell massacre at Fort Griswold, near this spot, on the Gth of September, A. D. 1781, in the when the under the command of the traitor, Benedict Arnold, burnt the towns of New London and Groton, and spread desolation and woe throughout this region." British, Gnildliall, Vt. County town of Essex co. W. 1,760. The people of this town took an active part in defending the rights of Vermont against the claims of jurisdiction set up by the state of Yoi'k, about the years 1783-4. Guilford produced a number of patriots in this as also in the revolutionary cause. The soil of the town is warm and fertile, exceedingly productive of grain, fruits, maple sugar, butter, cheese, pork, sheep, horses, and beef cattle. It has good mill seats on Green river and branches of Broad brook, a number of manufactories, a medicinal spring, and various kinds of minerals. New Guild- situated on the Windham co. This town was first permanently settled in 1760. It lies 125 miles S. from Monlpelier, 15 S. by E. from Newfane, and 30 E. from Bennington. Population, 1830, side of hall is Guilford, Ct. New Haven co. This town, the Menunkatuc of the Indians, was wa- first settled in 1639. The town was Connecticut river, and is united to Lancaster, N. H., by two bridges across the river. The town is tered by several small streams. The soil of the town is quite uneven and stony, except a tract of intervale on the river. Cow and Burnside mountains are considerable elevations, and afford excellent views of the meanderings of the ConnecGuildhall lies 50 miles N. ticut. E. from Montpelier, and 90 N. by First settled, E. from Windsor. Population, 1830, 481. 1789. by a party of Non-Conformfrom England, at the head of which was the Rev. Henry Whitfield. Mr. Whitfield's house, built settled ists is now standing, occupied, and in good repair. The cement used in building it, is said to be harder than the stone itself. This building was used by the first settlers as a fort and place of refuge against the attacks of the natives. of stone, in 1640, �NEW ENGLAND The first inarriasje in the Menunkatuc. The buildings in the borough are neat, but somewhat antiquated in their appearance. Guilford is a place of resort for sea air and bathing. The accommodations are very good. The scenery in the vicinity of Sachem's Head wild and picturesque. The soil of Guilford is well adapted to agricultural pursuits, to which, and some coasting trade, the principal part of the inhabitants are devoted. It lies 16 miles E. from New Haven, and 36 S. from Hartford. Population, 1830, 2,344. is Maddaiu, river. Haddam Society, on the W. side, is the largest part of the town, and the seat of justice. That part of Haddam on the E. side ticut called is but Haddam Neck. little The dam. township is If the greatness of a character be estimated by the object it pursues, the danger it braves, the difficulties it encounters, and the purity and energy of its motives, David Brainerd is one of the greatest characters that ever appeared in the world. Compared with this standard of greatness, what little things are the Alexanders, the Caesars, the conquerors of the whole earth. nobler object no human or angelic mind could ever propose to itself than to promote the glory of the great Governor of the Universe, in studying and laboring to diffuse purity and happiness among his unholy and miserable creatures. " His life and diary among the Indians,' says a celebrated English divine, ' exliibits a perfect pattern of the qualities which should distinguish the instructor of rude and barbarous tribes the most invincible patience and self denial, the profoundest humility, exquisite prudence, indefatigable industry, and such a devotedness to God, or rather such an absorption of the whole soul in zeal for the divine glory and the salvation of men, as is scarcely paralleled since the age of " the apostles.' This faithful servant of Christ died at the house of the Rev. Jonathan Edwards, at Northampton, Mass., October 10, 1747, aged 30. is to A ' ; Ct. One of the county towns of Middlesex CO. Incorporated, 166S. This town lies on both sides of Connec- is " town was solemnized in this building. The treat on the occasion was pork and peas. Guilford borough was incorporated in 1S15. It is handsomely located two miles from Long Island Sound, on a tract of alluvial plain, and near a small stream called the GAZETTEER. There land in Hadprincipal part of the hilly and stony, with alluvial considerable forests. There are valuable quarries of granite on both sides of the river. About 150 men are annually employed in quarrying it, and about $70,000 worth of There stone is annually exported. are many vessels built at Haddam. The timber in this quarter of the county is well adapted for that purpose. The village of Haddam is pleasant, and has a good prospect of the river. It lies 23 miles S. from Hartford, and 8 S. E. from Middletown. Population, 1830, 2,830. David Braixerd, the devoted missionary among the Indians, first drew his breath in Haddam. Hatllcy, Mass. Hampshire co. This is sant town on the E. bank a pleaof Connecticut river, and unites with Northampton by a beautiful bridge, 1,030 feet in length. It was first settled in 1647. Incorporated, 1661. Population, 1837, 1,805. It lies 88 miles W. from Boston. Two small streams afford the town some water power. Hadley contains a lai-ge and tract of alluvial meadow. village, situated on the river, is pleasant, and contains many neat and valuable buildings. Hadley was a retreat of the celefertile The �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. about ,fUoO,000. Halifax was incorporated in 1734. Population, heated Goffe and Whalley, two of the judges who condemned Charies They remained I. for execution. secluded here more than fifteen Goffc years, when Whalley died. died and was buried at New Haven, Ct., some years after. The manufactures of Hadley consist of leather, boot.?, shoes, hats, glue, palm-leaf hats, wire, chairs, cabinet ware, brooms, and brushes. Total value the year endino- April This town is 1, 1837, $117,850. celebrated for raising broom corn. 1837, 781. Ilallo-well, Kennebec al to W. This town?hip is rather elevated, but of good soil, finely adapted for grazing. It is a place of considerable trade, and of manufactures on its numerous streams. Its principal streams are Green river and a branch of the Deerfield. There are some handsome falls of \Ajater in Halifax, and a curious cave called Dun''s Den. )(' the The produotlc'' tov;n are butter, cheese, pork, sheep and othThe cause of education er cattle. flourishes here, and the people are generally independent cultivators of the soil. Halifax lies 125 miles S. from Montpelier, and 15 S. from Nev/fane. First settled, 1761. Population, 1830, 1,562. Plymouth co. The Indian name of this place was Monponset. It lies 28~^mile3 S. S. E. from Boston, and 12 W. by S. fj-om Plymouth. The surface of the town is generally level, with considerable good soil. Monponset and other ponds are large collections of water, and the sources of valuable mill privileges. There are a cotton and woolen mill in the town, and manufacture > of shoes and straw brold streets number of vessels are engaged in the freighting business, and others run as packets to various places. The principal exports are lumber, granite, and all the common productions of a fertile northern cliThe gr;initc quarries at mate. a ; annual amount of maaufactuics The sented from the high grounds on each side of the village, form an exhibiiion of scenery of uncommon excellence. Hallowell is about 3 miles in width, and extends back on each side of the river 5 miles. It was incorporated in 1771, and included all the territory of Augusta and a part of Gardiner. From this place the brave but traitorous Arnold marched on an expeullion against Canada, in 1776. There is one water mill in the town ; tv/o saw mills, an iron foundry and machine shop, worked by steam. Steam boats ply from this place to Poi-tland and Boston, during the sca'^on of navigation. There is considerable tonnage at this place: Halifax, Mass. total side of the river. pally of brick. Most of the dwelling houses are on the back or elevated streets: they are built, as are the churches, with great taste, and being surrounded by beautiful groves, make a fine appearance. The varied views of the river, the neighboring towns, and of a fertile country of hills and vales, pre- other places. co. de- run parallel with the river, and the ground ascends 200 fr,^et from the lower street, or burliness part of the village. On this street are 60 commodious stores, constructed princi- Halifax, Vt. Windham is and Gardiner, two miles below the former and four miles above the latter. The principal village is on the unmanufactured materi- was scut Kallowell lightfully situated on both sides of Kennebec river, between Augusta The value of brooms manufactured was $Sy,248. A considerable quantity of the co. Me. I Hallov/fU have i)Ci'n vvorki^il for years with great success. iifteen �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Whitneysville, about two miles from New Haven, is admirably located for manufacturing opperations. The manufactures at the Cannel of a light color and in some years it hasheen trans"Vessels drawing 9 feet of ported. water can come to the wharves in The granite is wrought: ^100,000 worth of easily tvorks, consist of paper, carriages, coach and elipfic springs, steps, the centre of the village. As Ilallowell and Augusta are so closely united in all their various interests and pursuits, a repetition of what we have said of the favorable position of Augusta, and of its future prospects, is unneces- Mount axletrees, brass work, &c. Carmel, a noted elevation, 8 miles Haven, exhibits an N. from New extensive prospect. 1830, 1,669. Population, j With common success in our sary. national aflflurs, and with a continuation of that spirit of enterprize, Hamilton, Mass. This is a beautiful Essex CO. farming town, and most of the in- employed in cultivatevery day manifested on the banks habitants are There are some vessels ino- it. of the Kennebec, it requires no Mormon siiectacles to foresee that hmlt here, and some manufactures The boots, and shoes. within a very few years there will of leather, Population, quite small. be a continuous village from the town is Ipswich in Kennebec dam to the mouth of the 1837, 827. Taken from It lies 8 miles N. by E. from 1793. Cobbessecontee. Population, IS20, The present Salem. 1830, 3,964. 2,919 population is about 5,009. Haniptieii, Me. Hallowell was, for many years, Penobscot co. Hampden lies on the residence of Be^tjamin Vaugthe west side of Penobscot, below HAN, LL. D. a gentleman highly It is also Bangor. distinguished for his learning, pub- and adjoining rivvirtues. watered by the Sowadabscook lic benefactions and private large and valuable mill stream. er, a Hall's stream, ?I. II., This is an important township in its on the Penobscot, its Rises in the highland? which sep- commerce manufacture of lumber, and its agthat state from the British doarate It is one productions. minions, and forms the N. W. boun- ricultural most tlourishing towns on the dary between New Hampshire and of the quantity of wheat proLower Canada, from its source to river. The duced by the farmers, in 1837, was at its junction with the Connecticut Population, 1830, 5,664 bushels. Stewartstown. is ; I j I 2,020 Haniileii, Ct. New Haven co. This New Haven taken from from which It is town was in 1786, about 6 miles N. between the East and it lies situated West Rock ranges of mountains, the southern terminus of the Green The soil in many mouiiiain range. parts is easy of cultivation, but in general it is more adapted to grazr>Iinerals are ing than tillage. found here, among wiiich are specimens of very pure copper. Mill liver affords numerous ter works. 15 ; 1837, 2,520. 6'niiles S. sites for wa- Hampden from Bangor, and 62 E. N. E. from Augusta. Hampden County, Mass. Springfield is the chief town. This county is very fertile and well cultivated, and in common with all the counties on Connecticut river, presents a rich array of delightful Its rivers afford an abunscenery. dant water power; and this county has become noted for its various and Much exten'^ive manufactures. inland trade is brought to the banks of the Connecticut,and large exports it �NEW ENGLAND are made from tliis county, the product both of the soil and mechanical labor. This county was taken from Hampshire county in 1812. Population, 1820, 28,021 1830, .31,6 10 18-37, 33,627. Area, 585 square miles. Bounded S. by Tolland and Hartford counties, Connecticut W. ; ; ; by Berkshire county ; N. by Hamp- GAZETTEER. the er, Merrimack through Spiggot rivwhich flows from Wash pond, near the centre of the town. Anglypond is in the N. E. part of the town, the waters of which pass into Powow river. Island pond, in the S. W, part of the town, contains a valuable farm of 300 acres. The town was granted by Gov. Benning shire county, and E. by Worcester county 57 inhabitants to a square mile. The Connecticut, Westlield, named by him 19, 1749, and after a pleasant vil- lage live miles N. Chickopee, and Quinebaugh are land. : its chief rivers. The value of the manufactures county, the year ending April 1,1837, v/as $3,056,302. The value of wool, the product of 29,950 sheep, was f 44,786. of Wentworth, January of London, Eng- He reserved the island before mentioned for his own farm. Population in 1830, 913. this Mampsliire Comity, Mass. Mamptoii, See " Down Ble. East." Ilainptosi, N. H., Rockingham co., lies on the seathe chief town. coast, bounded N. E. by NorthThis ancient county, although its Hampton, S, E. by the Atlantic, S. limits have been greatly reduced by W. by Hampton Falls, N, W. by the production of Franklin and Hampton Falls and part of Exeter Hampden counties, is still increas- Distant 13 miles S. W. from Portsing in agricultural, commercial and mouth, 7 S. E. from Exeter, and 50 manufacturing strength. Located S. E. from Concord. The soil is In the centre of the alluvial basin well adapted to tillage and mowing, of the noble Connecticut; blessed and about one fifth of the territory with a rich and variegated soil, and is a salt marsh. Hampton is pleasgreat water power, this must ever antly situated ; many eminences in remain one of the most independ- the town affording romantic views ent counties in New England. of the ocean. Isles of Shoals, and Area, 532 square miles. Popula- sea-coast from Cape Ann to Portstion, 1820, 26,447; 1830,30,210; mouth. Its beaches have long been 1837, 30,413. Incorporated, 1662. the resort of invalids and parties of This county is bounded S. by Hamp- pleasure, and are little inferior to the den, W. by Berkshire, N. by Franlt- famous Nahant beach near Boston. lin, and E. by Worcester counties Boar's Head is an abrupt emi57 inhabitants to a square mile. nence extending into the sea, and diThe Connecticut, Westlield, and viding the beaches about halfway Swift, are its chief rivers. The between the rivei-'s mouth and the manufactures of this county, the N. E. corner of the town. On the year ending April 1, 1837, amount- N. beach are numerous tish-houses, ed to $2,335,052. The value of from which the winter and summer wool, the fleeces of 64,274 sheep, fisheries have been carried on with amounted to f 103,751. much success. Great quantities of the winter fish are carried frozen Hampstead, N. H., into the interior, and to Vermont Rockingham co., lies partly on and Canada. the height of land between MerriThe Indian name of this town mack and Piscataqua rivers. Most was Winnicumet ; it was first setof the waters descend S W. into tled in 1638, by emigrants from the JVorthampton is : �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. The islands of great beauty, some of county of Norfolk, England. which are large, fertile and well first house was erected in 1635, by Nicholas Easton, and was called the cultivated it comprises also nuBound-house. The town was in- merous bays, and a vast number of corporated in 1636, and then inclu- coves, inlets and spacious harbors. Perhaps there is no district of its ded within its limits what now constitutes the towns of North Hamp- extent on the American coast, that ton, Hampton Falls, Kensington and offers greater facilities for navigation, in all its various branches, than Scab rook. This town was formerly the scene the county of Hancock. The tonof Indian depredations. On the 17th nage of Frenchman's bay, in this ; county, in 1837, was 13,184 tons. soil of the county is generally "whom was a widow Mussey, cele- of an excellent quality, particularly brated as a preacher among the in the interior. There are a great number of ponds in the county evFriends. The Hon. Chuistopher Top- ery section of it is watered by mill pan died here in Feb., 1819, aged streams, and Union river, nearly 84 he was a very useful and dis- in its centre, affords the interior tinguished citizen. Population in part great facilities for transportation. This county contains an area 1830, 1,103. of about 1,850 square miles. PopHampton, Ct. ulation, 1830, 24,347; 1837, 28,120. Windham co. This town was Population to a square mile, 15. taken from Windham and Pomfret This county produced, in 1837, 21,The people are generally 446 bushels of wheat, and containin 1786. agriculturalists, with a good strong ed 38,870 sheep. soil of an uneven surface. The Hancock, Me. village is pleasantly situated on high ground, 33 miles E. from Hartford Hancock co. This town was takand 6 from Brooklyn. Hampton en from Sullivan and Trenton in has good mill seats on a branch of 1828. It is situated between those Shetucket river. Population, 1830, towns, and is nearly surrounded by 1,101. the head waters of Frenchman's bay. It is a place of some navigaHampton. Falls, N. II., tion ; 85 miles E. from Augusta, Rockingham co., is situated 45 and bounded easterly by Ellsworth. miles S. E. from Concord, and 16 Population, 1837, 653. S, W. from Portsmouth. The soil Hancock, Hi. H. is generally good. Hampton Falls was originally a part of Hampton, Hillsborough co. It is 35 miles from which it was separated and from Concord, 22 from Amherst, incorporated, in 1712. Population, and 19 from Keene. The W. part 1830, 582. of the town is mountainous, but affords excellent pasturing and many Hancock County, Me. good farms. The other parts of the Ellsworth is the chief town. This town are agreeably diversified with county is bounded N. by Penobscot plains, hills and valleys. On the cnunty, E. by Washington county, Contoocook, and some of its tribS. by the Atlantic ocean, and W. utary streams, there are several by Penobscot bay and river, and a tracts of excellent intervale. There part by Penobscot county. Its exare two considerable ponds, one of tent on the ocean is between 50 and which is in the centre, a few rods 60 miles: it comprises numerous N. of the meeting-house. There Aug. 1703, a party of Indians kill- ed 5 persons in Hampton, among The : : �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. a cotton factory, a paper mill, and several other manufacturing establishments here ; also a flourishingacademy. Hancock was incorporated Nov. 5, 1779. It was named after Gov. Hancock, of Boston, who was one of the original proprietors. The first settlement was begun in 1764. Population, 1830, 1,316. is ship, which highly improved by and cuTheir village is about is this industrious, hospitable, rious people. two miles southeast of the springs. The Springs are on the side of a and are so abundant as to supply a small water power. The waters are tasteless, pure as crystal, and appear to differ in no respect from other pure mountain waters, Haucoclc, Vt. except in temperature, which is Addison co. Several branches always at 72° of Fahrenheit. of Otter creek rise in this town. This is a great resort for visitors Hancock is wholly on the moun- from all directions some to enjoy tains, and most of the land fit only the romantic scenery with which for grazing. First settled, 1778. this region abounds, and others the Population, 1830, 472. benign influence of the waters. The It lies 30 miles S. W. from Montpelier, and public resorts are well located, and 15 S. E. from Middlebury. afford excellent accommodations. New Lebanon is 134 miles W. from Hancock, Mass* Boston, 24 E. from Albany, 25 N. Berkshire co. This is a moun- E. from Hudson, 7 W. from Pittstainous township, on the line of the field, 23 S. by W. from Williamsstate of New York, the source of town, 156 N. by E. from New the Housatonick, and the residence York, and 68 N. W. by W. from of a family of " Shakers." It lies Hartford. Ct. 129 miles W. from Boston, 15 N. Hanover, ]V. H. by W. from Lenox, and 5 E. from New Lebanon, New York. IncorGrafton co. The Connecticut porated, 1776. Population, 1S37, river separates it fiom Norwich, 975. Vermont. It is 53 miles N. W. There are one cotton and three from Concord, and 102 from Portswoolen mills in the town, and some mouth. In this town there is no manufactures of leather, boots, river nor any considerable stream shoes, iron castings, and wooden besides the Connecticut. Mink ware. The value of 5,445 fleeces brook, running in aS. W. direction. of wool, sheared in 1837, amounted Slate brook in a W. course, and Goose-Pond brook in the N. E. part to $11,544. of the town, are among the princiAs we are so near the lovely val- pal streams. Neither of them is hill, : New Lebanon, its tepid ley of springs, and a large family of our friends, the Shakers, we must be permitted to cross the line a moment, "just to take a look." JVew Lebanon, New York, is in the county of Columbia, and situated in a delightful valley, surrounded by cultivated hills, which present scenery greatly variegated and peculiarly pleasing. community of Shakers, of between 500 and 600, own about 3,000 acres of excellent land in this town- A — large enough for permanent mill privileges. There are several small islands in Connecticut river within the limits of Hanover, the largest of which is Parker's island, containing about 20 acres. There are no natural Hanover with hills ponds. The surface of agreeably diversified and valleys, and the greatis est part is suitable for farms. There but a small proportion of waste land; less, perhaps, than in any other It is estown in Grafton county. timated that ntarly one half is un- is ' �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. der improvement. Moose moun- a considerable elevation, extending across the town from N. to S., at the distance of about five tain is tacks, 180 feet above the level of its waVegetable substances are ters. found in different parts of this plain at a depth of from 50 to 80 feet. The principal houses are erected round a square, level area, of 12 The remainder stand on acres. different streets, leading from the green in all directions. In this pleasant village is may be mentioned the following Rev. D., Eleazar Wheelock, D. who died April 24, 1779, aged 69. Hon. John Wheelock, LL. D., president of the college 35 years, who died April 4, 1817, aged 63. Hon. Bezaleel. boots, shoes, and annual amount, Pop. 1837, 1,435. total Hanson, Mass. Plymouth co. This town is waby a branch of North river and several ponds. It was taken from Pembroke in 1820, and lies in tered the vicinity of large beds of excel- The manufactures lent iron ore. of Hanson consist of ship anchors and knees, nails, carriage springs, iron castings, leather, shoes, sawed total annual boxes and shingles amount, about $70,000. Population, It lies 24 miles S. S. 1837, 1,058. E. from Boston, and 15 N. N. W. from Plymouth. : Hard^viclc, Vt. located Dartmouth College. See Register. Among the worthy men who have finished their earthly career in this place, : about $75,000. A miles from Connecticut river. handsome bridge connects the S. W, part of the town with Norwich. The principal village is in the S. W. corner of the town, on a beautiful and extensive plain, half a mile from Connecticut river, and leather, woolen cloth Woodward, Caledonia co. Hardwick is finely watered by Lamoille river, which gives the town valuable mill sites, and v/hich are well improved for manufacturing purposes. The soil of the town is generally very good, and produces a variety of exports. Between six and seven thousand sheep, and many other cattle, are kept in the town, a large amount of which are annually fattened and sent to market. Among the first settlers of the town, in 1790, was Mr. Gideon SaAug. 1804. Rev. John" Smith, D. D., who bin, whose wife became the mother who died died April, 1809. Hon. John Hubbard, who died in Sept. 1810. Francis Brown, D. D., died July 27, 1820, aged 36. These gentlemen were all connectPopulation, ed with the college. Rev. who 1830, 2,361. Hauover, Mass. Plymouth co. Hanover is bounded S. by North river, which furIt was innishes good mill sites. corporated in 1727. It lies 23 miles S. E. from Boston, and 12 N. AV. from Plymouth. The manufactures of Hanover consist of bar iron, iron castings, anchors, ploughs, vessels, 15* Population, 1830, of 26 children. Hardwick lies 20 miles N. 1,216. N. E. from Montpelier, and 13 N. W. from Danville. Hard^vick, Mass. Worcester co. Ware river and a smaller stream pass through the S. part of this town, and furnish It lies 62 good mill privileges. miles W. from Boston and 22 W. by N. from Worcester. Incorporated, Population, 1837, 1,818.— 1738. There are 2 paper mills in the town, and manufactures of straw bonnets, palm-leaf hats, boots,shoes, ploughs, leather, chairs and cabinet ware annual amount about $ 50,000. : �NEW ENGLAND Hardwick good soil, is town, of a pleasant with a tine fish pond. Harmony, Me. Somerset co. This town has an excellent soil, and is well watered by a large and beautiful pond, and b3' other sources of Sebasticook river. In iS37 it had a population of 1,048, and produced 6,836 bushels of wheat. It was incorporated in 1803, and lies 53 miles N. by E. from Augusta, and 23 N. E. from Norridgewock. IlarpsTvell, Me. Cumberland co. This township comprises a promontory in Casco bay, formerly Jllerryconeag, and several islands surrounding it, the largest of wiiich is called Sebascodcgaji. The waters which enclose this territory are so situated, at the northern and eastern extremity of Casco bay, that a canal of about a mile in length would unite them with Kennebec river, near Bath. The of Harpswell is very ferand the location delightful in susnmer. It is a resort for invalids and parties of pleasure. The peosoil GAZETTEER. Long pond are its western boundary. Tbis is a good township of land, and produced, in 1837, 3,180 bushels of wheat. In the waters of corporated, 1805. Population, 1837, Harrison has Otisiield on 1,161. the E., and is 75 miles W. S. W. from Augusta, and 45 N. W. from Portland. Hartford, Me. Oxford CO. This excellent town- ship is watered by ponds and small streams, and produced, in 1837, 9,318 bushels of wheat. It lies 31 miles W. from Augusta, and 15 N. E. from Paris. Population, 1830, Incorporated, 17.98. 1,453. Hartford, Vt. Windsor co. This town is on the west side of the Connecticut, and is otherwise finely watered by White and Waterqueechy rivers. It lies 42 miles S. S. E. from Montpelier, and 14 N. from Windsor. First settled, 1764. Population, 1830, 2,044. The town is uneven, warm, and very The two principal vil- surface of the tile, but the engaged in farming and fishing. It lies 22 miles N. E. from Portland by water, and 4 miles S. E. from Brunswick. Incorporated, 1753. Population, 1837, productive. lages are pleasantly located on the banks of the rivers that meet the Connecticut at this place, both of which are flourishing in manufactures and trade. Many cattle, beside pork, butter, cheese, &c., are sent to market from Hartford. In 1837 it had 13,207 sheep. ple are principally 1,344. Harrington, Me. Washington co. This town is bounded on the S. and E. by the waters of Narraguagus bay, and W. by the river of that name. It has good mill privileges, excellent harbors, considerable navigation and trade, incorporated, 1797. Popu1837, 1,354.— Harrington lies 118 miles E. from Augusta, and 25 W. S. W. from Machias. lation, 1830, 1,118; Harrison, Me. Cumberland co. Crooked river passes the E. side of this town, and soil is rich, Hartford Connty, Ct. Hartford is the chief town. This county is bounded N. by Hampden count j^ Mass., E. by Tolland county, S. by the counties of Middlesex and New Haven, and W. by the county of Litchfield. This is considered the most important and valuable county in the state, in regard to the variety and richness of its soil, and the high state of culture it has attained. It was constituted in 16G6, since which, Tolland county and parts of Middlesex, Windham, Litchfield, and New �NEAV ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Its London have been detached. present limits compiise an area of Besides about 727 square miles. the Connecticut, which traverses its whole length, the Farmington, Hackanum, Podunk, Scaniic, and otlier streams, water the county in On these almost every direction. streams important manufacturingestablishments have sprung up, and unite with the agricultural interest and river trade in rendering tiiis county the centre of a large and flourishing business. In 1S37 there were in the county 29,o7(> sheep. Population, 1820, 47,261 ; 1830, 51,141: 70 inhabitants to a square .^ile. Hartford, Ct. Tht first English settlement in was commenced in 1635, by Mr. John Steel and his associates from Newtown, (now Cainbridge)in Massachusetts. The main body of the first settlers, with Mr. Hooker Hartfori} at their head, did not arrive till had no guide but their compass, and made their way over mountains, through swamps, thickets and rivers, vvhich were not passable but with great difficulty. They had no cover but the heavens, nor any lodgings but those that simple naThey droA^e ture afforded them. with tliem a hundred and sixty head of cattle, and by the way s'.ibsisted Mrs. on the milk of their cows. Hooker was borne through the wilThe people derness upon a litter. carried their packs, arms, and some utensils. They were nearly a fortnight on their journe^^ This adventure was the more remarkable, many of the company were A Samuel Stone and William Goodwin, who appear to have acted in behalf of the first settlers. The town N. of Hartford is bounded by Windsor and Bloomfield, E. by Connecticut river, S. by Wethersfield, and W, by Farmington and Avon. It is about six miles in length from north to south, and aveThe rages about five in breadth. western part of the town has a soil of red gravelly earth, very rich and That part near the productive. river is covered with a strong clay, The latter or a rich black mould. is principally in the valuable tract of meadow adjacent to Connecticut river. the following year. "About the beginning of June, (says Dr. Trumbull,) Mr. Hooker, Mr. Stone, and about one hundred men, women and children, took their departure from Cambridge, and traveled more than a hundred miles, through a hideous and trackThey less wilderness, to Hartford. as sons of figure, who had lived in England, in honor, atHuence and delicacy, and were entire strangers to fatigue and danger." The Indian name of Hartford was Suckiag. deed appears to have been given by Sunckquasson, the sacJiem of the place, about 1636, to per- Hartford City, incorporated over a mile in length upon the river, and about three The fourths of a mile in bi-eadth. in 17S4, is alluvial flat upon the river is nar- row, being from 40 to 100 rods, and is connected with the upland by a very gradual elevation. It is situated on the west side of Connecticut river, 45 miles from its mouth. It is in N. lat. 41° 45' 59'', ^Y. Ion. 72° 40'. It is 260 miles S. W. from Augusta, Maine ; 139 S. S. W. from Concord, New Hampshire ; 205 S. from Montpelier, Vermont; 97 W. S. W. from Boston, Massachusetts ; 64 W. from Providence, Rhode Island; 110 N. E. from the city of New York, and 335 E. from Washington. The legislature of the state as- sembles alternatel}^ at Hartford and New Haven, the odd years at Hartford. The city is ratlier irregular- ly laid out, and is divided at the S. part by Mill, or Little river. Across this stream a fine bridge of free- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. stone has been thrown, which connects the two parts of the city. This structure is 100 feet wide, supported by a single arch, 7 feet in thickness at the base, and 3 feet 3 inches at the centre, the chord or span of which is 104 feet; elevavation from the bed of the river to the top of the arch, 30 feet 9 inches. Another bridge, across Connecticut river, 1,000 feet long, and which cost over $100,000, unites the city with East Hartford. Hartford very advantageously situated for business, is surrounded by an extensive and wealthy district, and communicates with the towns and villages on the Connecticut above by small steam-boats, two of which, for passengers, ply daily between Hartford and Springfield. The remainder are employed in towing flat bottomed boats, of 15 to 30 tons is burthen, as far as Wells' river, 220 miles above the city. The coasting trade is very considerable, and there on. is some foreign trade carried A daily line of steam-boats pass between Hartford and The manufactures New York. of this city ex- ceed $900,000 per annum among these are various manufactures of tin, copper, and sheet iron block tin and pewter ware ; printing presses and ink ; a manufactory of iron machinery ; iron foundries, saddlery, carriages, joiners' tools, paperhangings, looking-glasses, umbrellas, stone ware, a brewery, a web manufactory, cabinet furniture, boots and shoes, hats, clothing for exportation, soap and candles, manufactories of machine and other wire cards, operated by dogs, &c. More than twice as many books, it is stated, are published here, annu; ; are manufactured in any other place of equal population in ally, as the United States. The city is well built, and contains many elegant public and private edifices. The state-house, in which are the public offices of the state, is surmounted by a cupola. and is a very handsome and spa- cious building. The city hall, built purposes, is also spacious and elegant ; it has two fronts, with supported each by six porticos, for city — massive columns. The American Asylum for the deaf and dumb, the Retreat for the insane, and WashCollege, are all beautifully located, in the immediate vicinity The population withof the city. in the city limits, in September, 1S35, was nine thousand and eight ington hundred. " The American Asylum for the education and instruction of deaf and dumb persons, was founded by an association of gentlemen in HartTheir attenford, Conn., in 1S15. tion was called to this important charity by a case of deafness in the family of one of their number. An interesting child of the late Dr. Cogswell, who had lost her hearing at the age of two years, and her speech soon after, was, under Providence, the cause of its establishment. Her father, ever ready to sympathize with the afflicted, and prompt to relieve human suffering, embraced in his plans for the education of his own daughter, all who might be similarly unfortunate. The co-operation of the benevolent was easily secured, and measures were taken to obtain from Europe a knowledge of the difficult art, unknown in this country, of teach- ing written language through the mediixm of signs, to the deaf and dumb. For this purpose, the Rev. Thomas H. Gallaudet visited England and Scotland, and applied at the institutions in those countries system but meeting with unexpected ditficulties, he repaired to France, and obtained, at the Royal Institution at Paris, those qualifications for an instructor of the deaf and dumb, which a selfish and mistaken policy had refused him in Great I3ritain. Accompanied by Mr. Laurent for instruction in their ; �NEW ENGLAND Clerc, himself deaf and dumb, and years a successful teacher under the Abbe Sicard, Mr. Gallaudet returned to this country in August, 181f). The Asylum had, in May preceding, been incorporaSome ted by the state legislature. months were spent bj' Messrs. Gallaudet and Clerc in obtaining funds for the benefit ot the institution, and in the spring of 1S17 the Asylum was opened for the reception of those for whom it was designed, and the course of instruction commenced for several with seven pupils. " As the knowledge of the in- extended, and the facilities for obtaining its advantages were multiplied, the number of pupils increased from seven to one hundred and forty, which for several years past has not been much above the average number; and since its con)meucement, in lS17,to 1837, instiuctioH has been imparted to four hundred and seventy-seven deaf and dumb persons. " In 1819, Congress granted the institution a township of land in Alabama, the proceeds of which have stitution been invested as a permanent fund. principal building was erected in 1820, and the pupils removed to it in the spring of the following year. It is one hundred and thirty feet long, fifty feet wide, and, including the basement, four stories The Other buildings have been subsequently erected, as the in- high. creasing number of pupils made it necessary; the principal of which is a dining hall and workshops for Attached to the the male pupils. institution are eight or ten acres of land, which afford ample room for exercise, and the cultivation of vegetables and fruits for the pupils. " The system of instruction adopted at this institution is substantially the same as that of the French school at Paris. It has, however, been materially improved and modified by Mr. Gallaudet and his asThis system, and indeed sociates. GAZETTEER. other rational system of teaching the deaf and dumb, is based upon the natural language of every signs. By this we mean those gestures which a deaf and dumb person will naturally use to express his ideas, and to make known his wants Tiiese previous to instruction. gestures and signs are rather />/cforial, that is, an exact outline of the object, delineated by the hands in the air; or descriptive, giving an idea of an object by presenting some of its prominent and striking features ; or conventional, such as may have been agreed upon by a deaf and dumb person and his associates. As there are very few objects which can be expressed with sufficient clearness by the delineation of its outline alone, a descriptive sign is usually connected with it. Thus, in making a sign for a book, the outline is first delineated by the fore finger of both hands. To this is added the descriptive signs of opening a book, placing it before the eyes, and moving It may the lips as in reading. therefore simplify the classification of natural signs if the first two divisions be united and it will be sufficiently accurate to say that all the signs used by the deaf and dumb are either descriptive or conventional. By far the greater part of these signs belong to the former class; as it includes the signs for ; most common A objects, actions and emotions. deaf and dumb child constructs his language upon the same principle as the child who can hear ; that of imitation. " In the school-room, the instructor makes use of natural signs to communicate ideas to his pupils, of systematic signs to enable them to translate their own into written language ; of the tnanual alphabet^ or signs of the hand, corresponding to the letters of the alphabet ; and of v^ritten symbols to express the grammatical lelations of words. " The pupils usually remain at �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. the Asylum four or five years, in which time an intelligent child will acquire aknowiedgeof the common operations of arithmetic, of geography, grammar, history, biography, and of written language, so as to enable him to understand the Scriptures, and books written in a familiar style. He will of course be able to converse with others by writing, and to manage his own affairs as a farmer or mechanic. There are workshops connected with the institution, in which the boys have the opportunity of learning a trade, and many of them, by devoting four hours each day to this objeci.. be- " This site was selected as one pre-eminently calculated to attract and engage the attention, and soothe and appease the morbid fancies and feelings of the ulties are not patient Vvhose fac- sunk below or raised above the sphere of relations that And if he is originally existed. not beyond the reach of genial sen- connected with external he will undoubtedly feel the conscious evidence that this situa tion most happily unites the tranquilizing influence of seclusion and retirement, wiih the cheering eftect of an animated picture of active life, continually passing in review come skillful workmen, and when before his eyes, while himself is they leave the Asylum find no dif- remote, and secure from the annoyficulty in supporting themselves. ance of its bustle and noise. " The edifice for the accommodaThe annual charge to each pupil is one hundred dollars. tion of the patients, and ihose who '* The department of instruction have the care of them, is constructis under the control of the principal ed of unhewn free-stone, covered of the institution, who has also a with a smooth, whrte, water-proof general oversight of the other de- cement. Its style of architecture partments. The pupils ars distrib- is perfectly plain and simple, and uted into eight or nine classes^ the interesLs only by its symmetrical immediate care m wnich is com- beaut}', and perhaps by the idea ii mitted to the same number of as- impresses of durability and strength, sistant instructotv. Wiien out of derived from the massy solidity of school, the pu ils are under tne care its materials. Yet notv/ithstanding of a steward and matron.'* these, its general aspect is remarkably airy and cheerful, from the Retreat for the Insane. " This amplitude of its lights, and the brilinstitution is situated on a command- liant whiteness of its exterior. The ing eminence> at the distance of a whole building is divided into commile and a quarter, in a southwest- modious and spacious apartments, erly direction, from the State House in Hartford. It was opened April The elevation overlooks 1, 1824. an ample range of fertile country, presenting on every side a most interesting landscape, adou^ed with every beauty of rural scenery, that can be found in rich and cultivated fields, and meadows of unrivalled verdure 5 in extensive groves and picturesque groups of forest, fruit and ornamental trees ; and above all, in the charming diversity of level, sloping and undulating surfaces, terminating by distant hills, and more distant mountains. sations, objects, adapted to various descriptions of cases, according to their sex, nature and disease, habits of life, and the wishes of their friends. The male and female apartments are entirely separated, and either sex is completely secluded from the view of the other. Rooms are provided in both male and female apartments for the accommodation of the sick, where they are removed from any annoyance, and can continually receive the kind attentions of their immediate relations an'' friends. Attached to the building are about seventeen acres of excellent land. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. " Sir Edmund Andros being appointed the first governor-general Bosover New England, arrived in From this place ion in Dec. 16S6. he wrote to the colony of Connectiwithcut to resign their charter, but met out success. " ' The assembly October, and the govLs usual, in ernment continued according to month. charter, until the last of the is laid the principal part of which walks, ornamental grounds out in each and extensive gardens. With wing and block of the building is connected a court-yard, encompassed by high fences, and handsomely the benlaid out,''designed to afford and fresh efit of exercise, pastime safely be air, to those who cannot^^ range abroad." allowed to The mode of treatment at this adopted institution is similar to that Charlesat the McLean Asylum, with this time. Sir Edmund, sixty reguhis suite and more than Harttord when lar troops, came to About and dethe assembly were sitting, manded the charter, and declared town, Mass. « Washington College. This inIt stitution was founded in 1826 has two edifices of free stone one sto143 feet long by 43 wide, and 4 the hi"-h, containing 48 rooms; ries stories other 87 feet by 55, and 3 ; librahigh, containing the chapel, mincralogical cabinet, philoryt and sophical chamber, laboratory See Register. rooms. recitation be dis- The assembly were ex- the o-overnment under solved. it to retremely reluctant and slow with surrender spect to any resolve -o to any the charter, or with respect The trait forth. motion to bring Treat strongis, that governor dition expense ly represented the great in and hardships of the colonists planting the and treasure country; the blood which they had ex- it, both against This tree pended in defending Charter Oalc. savages and foreigners to what the stands on the beautiful elevation exhardships he himself haa been which rises above the south meadthat it posed for that purpose anu ows, a few rods north of the ancient now to The was like giving up his life, seat of the Wyllys family. privileges and surrender the patent and tree is still in a vigorous state, so long enjoycentury. so dearly bought and Tlie : ; may fiourisli for another "That venerable tree, which concealed the charter of our rights," ylsays a daughter of Secretary ^\ Wyllys lys, "stands at the foot of The first inhabitant of that hill. name found it standing in the height The important affair was deed until the bated and kept in suspense when the charter was evening, table brought and laid upon the where the assembly were sitting. By this time great numbers of peomen suthhave ple were assembled, and bold to enterprise whatever ciently Age seems to of its glory. not curtailed its branches, yet it is exceeded in the height of its colorThe ing, or richness of its foliage. measures twenty one feet in trunk circumference, and near seven was diameter. The cavity, which near the asylum of our charter, was to adthe roots, and large enough of mit a child. Within the space closed, eight years, that cavity has m as^if it had fulfilled the divine pur- pose for which The is it had been reared." story of the " Charter thus told by Mr. Barber. Oak" might be necessary or expedient. The lights were instantly extin- guished, and one Capt. V/adsworth, and of Hartford, in the most silent manner, carried off the charsecret large holter, and secreted it in a Hon. low tree, fronting the house of Wyllys, then one of the Samuel Ihe magistrates of the colony. peaceable and all appeared people The candles were offiorderly. patent ciously re-lighted, but the and no discovery could was gone, �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. be made of it, or the persons canied it away.' " who bushels of wheat in 1837, some wool and other valuable commodities, it was incorporated in 1820. Population, 1837, 890. It lies 42 miles N. by E. from Augusta, and 18 N. E. from Norridgewock. West Hartford, or, as it was formerly called, West Division, is a fine tract of land. The inhabitants are mostly substantial farmers, Hartland, Vt. and the general appearance of the place denotes an unusual share of Windsor co. Timothy Lull was equalized wealth and prosperity. the father of this flourishing reThe venerable Nathan Per- public. He took his family from kins, D. D., still continues his la- Dunimerston, up Connecticut river bors in the ministry in this place. about 50 miles, in a log canoe, in In 1S33, his sixtieth anniversary 1763. He landed at the mouth of sermon was published. In that ser- a beautiful stream, called Lull's mon he says, " I am now the oldest Brook. His nearest neigh Ijors were olficiating minister of the gospel in more than 20 miles distant. He this state, and, as far as I can learn, commenced a settlement on laull's in the United States. And I can- Brook, and, after acquiring a handnot learn, from the history of church- some property, died there at the es in Connecticut, that there has age of 81. Timothy Lull, jr., was ever been an instance of one of its the first child born in the town. ministers preaching for sixty years On the occasion of his birth, a miduninterruptedly to the same con- wife was drawn 23 miles on a hand sled. ^l^gregation." Dr. Perkins stated, as we are informed, that from the commence- ment of his ministry, that in his church there had been one thousand deaths and one thousand baptisms that he had delivered four thousand written sermons, and three thousand extemporaneous ones, on other occasions of worship that he had attended sixty ordinations and installations, and had preached 20 ordination sermons, twelve of which had been published by request that he had attended one hundred eccle- — — ; siastical councils, to heal difficulties in the churches, and that he had fitted for college one hundred and fifty students, and more than thirty for the gospel ministry. Hartland, Me. Somerset co. This excellent township is watered on its eastern boundary by one of the principal branches of Sebasticook river. The inhabitants are principally engaged in agricultural pursuits, and the soil richly rewards them for their industry. Hartland produced 4,836 This is a rich farming town, pleasantly diversified by hills and valleys. Hartland produces many cat- ten thousand sheep graze in its pastures. It lies on the west bank of Connecticut river. Waterqueechy river, at the N. part of the town, and Lull's Brook, at the S., give it a water power of great value. On these streams are neat villages and flourishing manufacturing establishments, Hartland lies 50 miles S. S. E. from Montpelier and 9 N. from Windsor. Population, 1830, 2,503. tle : Hai'tlaiid, Ct. Hartford co. This town is 22 miles N, W. from Hartford, It lies in a mountainous part of the state most of the land is cold and fit only for grazing. branch of Farmington river passes through the town, and forms M'hat is called Hartland holloiv, a deep ravine, presenting some bold and picturesque scenery. Hartland was incorporated in 1761. First settled, 1753. Population, 1830- 1,221. A �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Harvard, Mass. Worcester co. This town was taken from Stow, Groton and Lancaster, in 1732. It is washed on situated on high ground, abounding with granite rocks and more fit for grazing than tillage. Hatfield, Mass. by Nashua river. It Hampshire co. This is a weallies 30 miles N. W. from Boston, thy agricultural township, noted 20 N. E. from Worcester, and 13 W. from Concord. Here are two for its good soil and fine beef cattle. the W. side large ponds with fine fish, and quarries of slate used for monuments. About 200 of that industrious sect, called shakers, reside here, and own a considerable tract of excellent land. They live about 3 miles N. E. from the centre of the town, and supply the market with a great variety of wares, fruits, seeds, herbs, &.C. &c., the product of their mechanical ingenuity and horticultural skill. There are three paper mills in Harvard, and manufactures of palmleaf hats, boots, shoes, leather and grave stones: annual value about Large quantities of hops $40,000. have been raised in this place. Population, 1837, 1,566. Har^vicli, Mass., Barnstable co., on the S. side of Cape Cod, 14 miles E. from Barnstable. Incorporated, 1694. Population, 1830, 2,464; 1837,2,771. On Herring river, the outlet of Long pond, are cotton and other mills. Some vessels are built here and some salt manufactured. The product of the cod and mackerel fishery the year ending April 1, 1S37, was $33,000. Harwich is a the village makes pleasant town a good appearance from the sea. : Harwinton, Ct. Litchfield co. Har-win-ton derived its name from three syllables taken from the names of Hartford, AVindsor and Farmington. It was first settled in 1731 incorporated, 1737. Population, 1830,1,516. It lies 23 miles W. from Hartford, 40 N. by W. from Haven, and 8 ; New E. from Litchfield. 16 Harwinton is on the W. side of Connecticut river, 5 miles N. from Northampton, and 95 W. from Boston. Incorporated, 1"')70. Population, The manufactures of 1837, 937. the town consist of corn brooms, boots, shoes, palm-leaf hats, and carriages annual value about $50,000. There is an elm tree in Hatfield It lies ; which is said to measure, two feet from the ground, thirty four feet in circumference. Haverliill, N. H., Grafton co., is one of the shire towns. It lies 31 miles N. W. from Plymouth, and 70 N. N. W. from Concord. It is watered by OliveHaverhill rian and Hazen brooks. The soil is suitis a pleasant town. ed to every species of cultivation. There is a quarry of granite suitable for mill stones and buildings, and a bed of iron ore, on the W. side of Coventry, bordering this town. The principal village is at the S. W. angle of the town, and known by the name of Haverhill Corner. is a beautiful common in this village, laid out in an oblong square, There around which the buildings regu- The site is a handsome larly stand. elevation, overlooking the adjacent many miles N. and S., and not less than 6 or 7 miles E. and W. From the street, the ground slopes with unusual elegance to the W., country and is vales. succeeded by broad interThe prospect here is de- There is another village AV. angle of the town, on a street nearly a mile in length, straight and very level. lightful. at the N. Haverhill was granted, 1764. Its settlement was made in 1764, first �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. by Capt. John Hazen, who settled on the Little Ox Bow, near where there had formerly been an Indian and burying ground, and where Indian skulls and relics have been found. Several of the early settlers were from Newbury and Haverhill, Mass., and from the last place, this town derived its name. Its former name was Lower Coos. Hon. Moses Dow was one of the most distinguished citizens of this fort many place. Hon. Charles Johnston, who died March 5, 1813, aged 76, resided here. He was a valuable officer in the revolution, and was many years judge of probate in Grafton county. Haverhill is so situated as to command an extensive inland trade it is easily approached from Boston : by the Andover and Wilmington rail-road, which is extending to Exeter, N. H., and from thence to Maine. Haverhill, the Indian Pentuckwas first settled in 1641 it was a frontier settlement for nearly half a century and suffered great calamities by savage depredations. It was incorporated in 1645. Population, 1820, 3,070; 1830, 3,896; 1837, 4,726. ett, : Hawley, Mass. Franklin co. Hawley is on elevated ground, and watered by Hon. James Woodward and Hon. branches of Deerfield river. The Ezekiel Ladd were among the early soil is good for grazing, and feeds considersettlers, and were judges of the old about 3,000 sheep. county court. Population, in 1S30, able quantity of leather is tanned Incorporated, 1792. in this town. 2,153. Population, 1837, 995. Hawley Haverliill, Ma&s. has good iron ore and some iron Essex CO. This ancient, respect- works. It lies 107 miles W. by N. able and flourishing manufacturing from Boston, and 14 W. by S. from town, lies on the N. side of the Greenfield. A Merrimack river, at the head of navigation, and united to Bradford by two beautiful bridges. It is 30 miles N. from Boston, 31 N. N. W. from Salem, 12 W. by S. from Newburyport, 18 N. E. from Lowell, 30 S. W. from Portsmouth, N. II. and 40 S. E. from Concord, N. H. Little river passing through the town affords a good hydraulic power, on which are manufacturing establish- ments of various kinds. The manufactures consist of woolen goods, leather, boots, shoes, hats, shovels, spades, forks, hoes, chairs, cabinet ware, combs, ploughs, tin ware, vessels, pahn-leaf hats, shoe lasts, spirits, morocco leather, chaises and harnesses: total amount the year ending April 1, 1837, $1,357,526. Haverhill is delightfully located, handsomely built, and has been the birth place and residence of many of the most valuable and distinguished citizens of New England. Haynesville, Me. Washington county. See " Down East." Heatli, Mass. A mountainous Franklin co. township good for grazing sheep, of which 2,312 were kept in 1837. There are in Heath some manufac- tures of leather, boots, shoes and palm-leaf hats. Incoiporated, 1785. It lies 125 Population, 1837, 953. miles W. N. W. from Boston, and 13 W. N. W. from Greenfield. Hetiron, Me. Oxford CO, This is a good farming town, lying S. E. from Paris about 7 miles, and 42 W. S. W. from Augusta. Incorporated, 1792. Population, 1837, 972. Ilelbvon, N. H., Grafton co., lies 9 miles S. W �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Henniker was granted in 1752, under the name of JVumber 6. Its from Plymouth, and 40 N. W. from A considerable part of Concord. Newfound lake lies in part of this town. It the S. E. has no river, nor any important streams. Nearincluly one half of this town was ded in the grant of Cocke rmouth, now Groton. The remaining part was taken from Plymouth. It was Population in incorporated, 1792. It settlement commenced in 1761. was incorporated in 1768, when it received its present name from Gov. in honor of his friend Henniker, probably John Henniker, Esq., a merchant in London and Wentworth, member of a at that time. 1,725. 1830, 538. Ilenuon, Me. Heljroii, Ct. Tolland co. Hop river, a branch town. of the Willimantic, waters this The village of Hebron, with its Gothic church, 20 miles S. E. from Hartford, and 14 S. from Tolland, a good is pleasant and commands There prospect. are in the town 2 Penobscot ulation, 1837, 535. Higligate, Vt. ; The ufactories. is pond in the S. surface of fertile. handsome sheet of water. Hebron was first settled, 1704. Incorporated, 1707. Population, 1830,1,939. Heiiu.ik.er, N. Franklin CO. the North part of the town is a hillv, but H. Merrimack co. It is 23 miles N. TV. from Amherst, and 15 W. from Contoocook river passes Concord. easterly through its centre, and divides the town into nearly equal portions of territory and population. Its course is rather circuitous, and in many places presents scenes of considerable interest and beauty. Few places afford better prospects of wafor the successful operation Long pond is This town lies on the E. side of Lake Champlain, at Engthe N. W. corner of It land, and of the United States. Montpeis 60 miles N. W. from Albans. lier, and 12 N. from St. The soil First settled, about 1784. some parts is generally sandy, in New Bog iron ore, of a good There are quality, is found here. many mill privileges in Highgate, particularly at a fall of the river Missisque, where are iron works, swampy. The and other manufactories. scenery at this place is quite wild and picturesque. Population, 1830, Highgate is a place of con2,038. siderable trade with Canada, and down There ter machinery than this. are several ponds of considerable size. A good township A co. of land, 7 miles W. from Bangor. large pond and the Sowadabscook In river water its S. W. corner. 1,870 bushel of wheat was 1837, PopIncorporated, 1814. raised. cotton, 1 woolen, and 1 paper, mills a large iron furnace and other man- town the British parliament Population, in 1830, the lake. Hill, N. H. This town is 24 miles Grafton N. N. W. from Concord, and 44 S. S. E. from Haverhill. It is watered by Pemigewasset and Smith's co. the largest, be- ing between 1 and 2 miles in length, and from 40 to 80 rods wide— situated 1 mile N.of the centre village. and several small streams. Eagle pond is the only one of note. Ragged mountain is a considerable elevation, and but little inferior to Kearsarge. Viewed from the suinhills, this produce good mit of tlie neighboring wheat— the valleys appears very uneven, yet town rivers, the principal elevation, and embraces a large portion of territory on the S. of the town. It is mostly in a state of cultivation. The soil of the hills is favorable for Craney hill is crops of corn. ; �NEW ENGLAND there are many fine tracts converted The soil in into productive farms. some parts is rich and fertile it is — GAZETTEER. lake, the Massabesick, on the E. boundary of Manchester. Besides these there are numerous ponds, There is at the S. interspersed through the whole exgenerally good. Some of the E, section of the town, a flourish- tent of territory. ing village, situated on a spacious largest of these are Gregg's pond, in Antrim, Pleasant pond, in Franstreet 1 mile in length. This town was granted Sept. 14, cestown, Babboosuck pond, in Am1753, to 87 proprietors, who held herst, and Potanipo, in Brookline. their first meeting at Chester, and as There are several mineral springs the greater part of the inhabitants which have been found serviceable belonged to that place, it was called in cutaneous affections, but no one New Chester; which name it retain- has yet acquired general celebrity. ed until Jan. 1837, when it was Minerals have been found in varichanged to the name of Hill, in ous places, but not in great abuncompliment to the then governor dance. Hill. The first settlement was in This county possesses many advan1768. In Dec. 1820, six children of Mr. William Follansbee were consumed in the flames of his house, while he and his wife were absent. Incorporated, 1778. Population, 1830, 1,090. Hillslboroiigli County, N. H. Amherst is the shire town. Hillsborough has Merrimack county on the N., Rockingham on the E., the state of Massachusetts on the S., and Cheshire county on the W. The surface of this county is gensrally uneven, though there are but Lyndebofew lofty mountains. rough mountain, in the township of Lyndeborough, the Unconoonock, in Goffstown, Crotched, in Francestown and Society Land, are of considerable altitude. This section of New The Hampshire noble and majestic Merrimack passes its southeastern border. At Nashua, the Nashua, a beautiful stream from Massachusetts, discharges its waNorth of ters into the Merrimack. the Nashua, the Souhegan and Piscataquog,streams of much value and consequence to the manufacturing interests, discharge themselves into the Merrimack ; the former in the township of Merrimack, the Part of a large latter in Bedford. collection of vyater, denominated a is well watered. tages for manufacturing establishments, and it is gratifying to find that many of its citizens are turning their attention to this branch of national and individual wealth. The settlement of this county was made at Nashua, lately Dunsome years before the war with king Philip, in 1675. It was constituted a county by an act of the General Assembly, 19 March, 1771. It received its name from stable, the Earl of Hillsborough, one of the privy council of George III. The population, in 1775, was 13,132; in 1790, 24,536; in 1800, 31,260; in 1810, 34,410; in 1820, In 35,761; and in 1830, 37,762. 1837, there were 45,511 sheep in this county. Hillslborougli, N. Hillsborough co. It is H. 23 miles N. W. from Amherst, 24 W. S. W. from Concord. This town is well Contoocook river passes watered. through the S. E. corner, and affords several excellent water privileges. Hillsborough river has its source from ponds in Washington runs in a S. E. course through the whole extent of Hillsborough, receiving the outlets of several ponds on the E., and forms a junction with the Contoocook, on the S. line of this town. The land here is uneven, but it affords many good farms. There is ; �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. New 2(1 a pleasant village on the Hampshire turnpike, which passes through this town, contain- N. W. number ing a stores, mills, of dwelling houses, and a cotton and wool- en Hillsborough was formerly known factory. of vessels belong to are engaged in the cod and mackerel fishery, and coasting trade ;— aggregate tonnage About 80 this place, sail which about 5,000 tons. In this town is an iron foundry, considerable ship building, a steam and large quantibucket factory name "of .Vumber 7 of fronwooden wares are The tirst settlement ties of other' tier towns. manufactured, and some salt. tirst chilThe was made in 1741. The amount of manufactures of born in Hillsborough were by ; the dren JNIary Gibson, intermarried, and received as John M'Calley and who prina gift a tract of land, from the It was incorpocipal proprietor. Population, 1830, rated in 1772. 1,792. Hiiiesl>urs'-> "*"*• Chittenden co. Piatt river and Lewis creek water this town. part of the town is mountainous, but the soil is generally very good, A About grazing. and 9,000 sheep are kept here, products of the farms are exsome Hinesbureh contains a ported. for particularly pleasant and village, numerous manufacturing operations are found First settled about on its streams. It Population, 1S30, 1,669. 1785. Burlinglies 13 miles S. S. E. from ton, and 26 W. from Montpeher. Hiiis'^a»»> Mass. Plymouth co. A pleasant tov/n on Boston harbor, and an agreeable strangers. resort for citizens and miles S. E. from Boston, It lies 11 by water, and 14 by land. Hing- cove is 5 miles S. W. from Nantasket beach, about 6 W. trom W. Cohasset harbor, and 24 N. N. Plymouth. First settled, 1633. from ham Population, in Incorporated, 1635. 1830,3,357; 1837,3,445. Major-general coln, was born Benjamin Lin- in this town, Jan. 1810. 23, 1733; he died May 9, its This town is remarkable for Durhealthiness and longevity. in one ing 50 years, 8 persons died was 84 ho^ise, whose average age years. for the year ending April 1337, was $237,078. They coniron sisted of leather, boots, shoes, tin castings, hats, ploughs, cabinet, and wooden wares, silk, salt, vesblocks, sels, umbrellas, spars and Hino-ham, 1, cordage, carriages, hammers, and The product of the cod hatchets. and mackerel tir-hery, the same Total amount year, was $1 13,700. the of fishery and manufactures $350,773. Derby Academy, a tree school, and the JVillard Private Academy, seminaries, are highly respectable and promise great privileges to parents. A commodious steam-boat phes between this and Boston, in summer months, two or three times a and The hotels are large, day. furnish excellent accommodations. and Baker's Hill presents extensive harbor. delightful views of Boston An excursion to Hingham is very pleasant. Hiusdale, N. H. It is 75 miles S. Cheshire co. It is well from Concord. with springs and rivulets watered W. by W. The Connecwashes its western border; and the Ashuelot runs through the of the purest water. ticut the centre, forming a junction with a little below the great Connecticut, Kilcalled Cooper's point. *end, burn brook Pisgah mounAshuelot Ash-swamp brook rises |a river. West river mountain, runs a S. V. Connexticourse, and tails into the tain, rises in runs S. and falls into Hinsdale's fort cut, near the side of �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. There are several islands in the Connecticut in thii town. On the N. line of Hinsdale, is West river mountain, which extends from the bank? of the Connecticut, E. across the whole width of the town. Its greatest elevation Pre-ident is D wight at the W. end, states the height above low water mark to be from 80a to 900 feet. In this mountain is found iron ore, and some other minerals and fossils. South of AshueJot, is Stebbins' hill, a tract of excellent land, and principally in a high state of cultivation. The intervales here are extensive, and of an excellent quality. On the point of a bill, not far from Connecticut river, there is to be seen the remains of an Indian fortitication, constructed prior to the settlement of the town. There is a deep trench drawn across the hill, to separate it from the plain back, an continued to the river. Hinsdale was incorporated 1 is in It The former name as 1633. W. Hiram, Me. Oxford CO. This town lies on both sides of a branch of Saco river, 88 miles W. S. W. from Augus- and 40 S. W. from Paris. The township is fertile and productive of wool and wheat. Incorporated, ta, 1807. Population, 1830, 1,148. Hotlgdoii, Me. Washington co. Incorporated, 179 miles from Augusta. In 1837, with a population of 552, it produced 3,iS4 bushels of wheat. :See " Down East." 1S32 : Holden, Mass. Worcester co. This town is fine- ly watered by branches of Blackstone and Nashua rivers. It has a valuable water power on QuinipoxIt has some good meadow land on the borders of the streams. There are 5 cotton and et river. was originally a part of North field, ^ind was settled as early 1753. Vv", from Boston, and 15 N. N. from Lenox. of this 2 woolen mills in the town, and manufactures of leather,boots,shoes, straw bonnets, and palm-leaf hats p!ace was Fort Bummer and Bridg; m'ln's Fort. This town encoun- total amount of the manufactures tered all the difficulties of the In- for the year ending April 1, 1837, dian wars, and struggled with oili- $201,960. Holden is 43 miles W. er hardships incident to frontier fi-om Boston, and 6 N. W. from settlements, begun in the wilder- Worcester. Incorporated, 1740. ness and remote from cultivated Population, 1837, 1,789. lands. Population, 1830, 937. Holdemess, N. H. Hinsdale, 3Ia!$s. Berkshire co. Hinsdale is the source of a branch of Housatonick river. It is an elevated township, and well adapted for grazing. There are Hinsdale, two woolen joills in and manufactures of hoots, shoes, leather, hats, chairs, and cabinet ware one year $86,550. : amount in The value of total 11,020 fleeces of wool, sheared in Hinsdale in 1837, v/eighing 32,116 pounds, was $19,266. This town was incorporated tion, 1837, 832. in 1804. It lies Popula125 miles Grafton co. It is 65 miles N. W. from Portsmouth, and 40 N. fioni Concord. The soil is hard and not easily cultivated, but when sub- dued is tolerably productive. From the sap of the sugar maple, a considerable quantity of sugar is made. The Pernigevvasset ijnparts a portion of its benefits to this place, and there are various other streams which serve to fertilize the soil, and to furnish mill seats. Squam river, the outlet of Squam ppnds, runs in a S. W. direction and empties into the Pemigewasset near the S. W. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. an^le of the town. This stream excellent mill privileges, having on it 2 paper mills and other machinery. There are 3 ponds ponds. There is a pieasant village near the centre of the town, on a site somewhat elevated. The original name of Hollis was J\lsUissit, its Indian name. The first settlement was made in 1731. It was incorporated in April, 1746. The name is either derived from Thomas Hollis, a distinguished benefactor of Harvard college, or from the Duke of Castle. Population, 1830, 1,501. affords or lakes. The road from Plymouth through place to Winnepisiogee lake, and along the horders of that lake tliis to Wolfeborough is highly interesting displaying scenery which is scarcely equalled in this part of our country. Holderness was first granted in 1751. The tirst settlement was made about the year 1763. Population, 1830, 1,429. ; New Holliston, Mass. Middlesex co. First settled, 1710, Incorporated, 1724. Population in 1837, 1,775. It lies 24 miles S. W. by W. from Boston, and 21 S. from Hollaud, Vt. Orleans co. This is an excellent township of land, producing in great Concord. There is a woolen mill town, and some manufactures the varieties common to the climate. Previous to the year 1800, it was a wilderness. It is bounded N. by Canada 56 miles N. N. E. from Montpelier and 20 N. E. from Irasburgh. Population, 1830, 432. abundance in the all of boots, shoes, leather, chairs and cabinet ware, combs, ploughs, straw bonnets, books, clothing, wagons : and harnesses total value in one year $335,948. The value of boots and shoes amounted to $241,626, employing 461 hands. Holliston is watered by a small branch of Charles river. : Holland, Mass. Hampden co. Holland was taken from Brimfieldin 1785. It lies 70 miles S. W. by W. from Boston, and 20 E. by S. from Springiield. Population, 1837, 495. Holland has several ponds, and is Holmes' Hole, Mass. See Tishury. Hooksett, N. H. otherwise Merrimack watered by Quinnebaugh river. There is a cotton mill in the town, and 658 sheep. Hollis, Me. York CO. This town lies on the W. bank of Saco river, and contains numerous mill sites. Incorporated, A 1812. Population, 1837, 2,374. It 72 miles S. W. from Augusta, lies and 30 N. from York. Hollis, N. H. Hillsborough co. It is 8 miles S. from Amherst, and 86 S. from Concord. Nashua river waters the S. E. part, and Nisitissit crosses the S. W. extremity. There are 4 ponds, known by the name of Flint's, Penichook, Long and Rocky co. It lies nine miles E. from Concord. The river Merrimack, whose course here is nearly N. and S., passes through this town a little W. of the centre. Here are those beautiful falls,known by the name of Hooksett Falls. The descent of water is about 16 feet perpendicular in 80 rods. high rock divides the stream, and a smaller rock lies between that and the western shore. There is a pleasant village on the W. side of the ri^er. There is a strong and well built bridge over Merrimack river. Hooksett canal is in this town. It is 1-4 of a mile long rthe fall is 16 feet perpendicular. Hooksett was detached from Chester, Goffstown and Dunbarton, and inS. S. — ] �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Merrimack river at Concord. these streams are some valuable tracts of intervale and meadow lands owned by the Amoskeag Company. The principal village in Hopkinton Population, 1830, 880. is 7 miles from the state-house in this town the county Hoosack Rivei* and Mountain. Concord. In In the W. part of jail is located. Two branches of the Hoosack, the town is a thriving village on Hosick, or Hoosick river, rise in the Contoocook river, known as England one in the high HilVs Bridge, or Contoocookville, lands in the county of Berkshire, where is a valuable water power, Mass. ; the other in the mountain- and several mills. Hopkinton was ous tracts of Bennington county, granted Jan. 16, 1735, lo John Jones These branches unite near and others, and was called jYianber Vt. Hoosack Falls, in the state of New 5, and afterwards JVew- Hopkinton. York, about 3 miles W. of the cel- The first settlement was made about ebrated Bennington battle ground. 1740, by emigrants from Hopkinton, Hoosack river meets the Hudson Mass. This town suffered from InPopulation in at Schagthicoke, 15 miles N. of dian depredations. Troy, N. Y. This stream, in many 1830, 2,474. places, is exceedingly rapid in its Hopkinton, Mass. course, and affords a great number of mill sites, Middlesex county. Branches of Hoosack 7lioiintain lies princi- Charles and Mill rivers rise in this pally in Clarksburgh and Berkshire, town, on which are manufacturing Mass., and is the source of a branch establishments. There are 3 cotIts elevation is ton mills in Hopkinton, and manuof Hoosack river. from 1,500 to 2,000 feet from its factures of boots and shoes, ($152,base. 300,) leather, ploughs, and straw bonnets total value, the vear endHope, Me. ing April 1, 1837, $217,550. The Waldo CO. Hope is a township town was incorporated in 1715. of choice land, having Camden and Population, 1830, 1,809 ; 1837, Megunticook lake on its south-east- 2,166. The mineral spring in this town ern border. It lies 44 miles E. S. It conE. from Augusta, and 16 S. by W. has become celebrated. from Belfast, Hope produced in tains carbonic acid, and carbonate 1837, 3,142 bushels of wheat. Pop- of lime and iron. It is situated near Incor- White Hall pond, which abounds ulation, same year, 1,733. The in fine fish of various kinds. porated, 1804. Boston and Worcester rail road Kopkinton, N. H. passes within 3 1-2 miles of it, at Merrimack co. It is 28 miles N. Westborough, and it is 7 miles from from Amherst, 7 W. from Concord, the Blackstone canal, at NorthIt is 30 miles W. S. W. 46 N. E. from Keene, 30 S. E. from bridge, Newport, 50 W. fron» Portsmouth, from Boston, 14 E. by S. from Worand 65 N. N.W. from Boston. Con- cester, and 30 N. by W. from ProThere is a large and toocook river flows from Henniker vidence, R. I. into the south-westerly part of this convenient hotel at this place, at town, and meanders in a N. E. di- which visitors for health or pleatrip In its course it receiv^s sure are kindly entertained. rection. Warner and Blackwater rivers, and to Hopkinton springs is both pleaseveral large brooks, and empties sant and fashionable. corporated as a separate town in June, 1822. On the E. side of tlie river is an extensive cotton factory, New into On : : , A �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Hopkiiiton, R. Fred- week. rickton, three times a I. 80 miles N. N. W. from erickton good road betweea St. Johns. Houlton and Calais, on the river distant, is •<it. Croix, about 90 miles now open for travel. This town is well watered by branches of Meduxnekeag river, which empties is Washington Wood co. river, a A valuable mill stream, passes through cotton and this town, on which are woolen mills, iron works, and varisoil ous other manufactories. The adaptof the town is generally well cultivation into the St. John's. The garrison is *>d for grazing, and the of grain. It produces large quanti- located about a mile north of the cider. village, and has generally containties of fruit and excellent Shad and alewives are taken in ed four companies of infantry. In Pawcatuck river. There are seve- this town the courts of probate are Con- held, and the office of registry of ral ponds within the town. wood and timber are sent deeds kept for the northern district siderable to market from this place. of Washington county. Hopkinton City, at the south The soil of Houlton and its vicinpart of the town, on the Tommaquaug branch of Charies river, is very pleasant and flourishing. It lies 35 miles S. W. from Provi- dence, and 15 W. from South Kingston. Hopkinton was first setIncorporated, 1757. Population, 1830, 1,777. tled in 1660. Hoiaton, Me. Washington co. Twenity is of a superior quality. ty-five bushels of wheat to the acre is an average crop is situated on the east line of the state and of the United States, on the border of the Province of New 40 bushels to year 1837. We have heard it is said that persons might go so far " down east" , "jump jumping as to This town : acre is^frequently obtained. Houlton, with a population of 667, raised 5,869 bushels of wheat in the the the If Houlton is off place, we advise off." some of our western brethren and view the precipice. Ilousatoniclc River. to go Brunswick. It lies 120 miles N_. The sources of this river are in N. E. from Bangor, and about 75 and the the towns of Lanesborough W. N. W. from Frederickton, Windsor, Berkshire county, Mass. The capital of New Brunswick. branches meet at Pittstown was first settled in 1803, and The two then cut field, where the river forms it for twenty years it was entirely south, through Berkshire the passes off from all communication with and enters the state of Conwestern part of the state by a dense county, necticut. After meandering through miles in ; wilderness of neariy 100 extent. In 1829, a military post, the "Hancock Barracks," was established the county of Litchfield, in that state, it separates the counties of and Fairfield, and meets the tide water at Derby, 14 miles above its entrance into Long The source of this Island Sound. mountain stream is more than 1,000 the ocean; and in its The great thoroughfare between feet above 150 miles, it afStates and the British course, of nearly the United fords numerous mill sites, and preis Province of New Brunswick pleasant and well culthrough th^"? town. The roads be- sents many of waHoulton are ex- tivated towns. The volume tween Bangor and large ter of this river is not very cellent: stages pass and repass from when Houlton to Frede- except in seasons of freshet, Bangor through government, and here by the U. roads in 1334 the military and state Bangor and Houlton were between completed and opened for travel. S. New Haven �NEW ENGLAND the rains from the mountains that environ its borders, inundate the valleys and greatly fertilize the soil. The scenery on the Housatonick ir exceedingly beautiful in some places it is enchanting. The romantic cataract at Canaan, Conn., of 60 feet perpendicular, is well worthy ; the notice of travellers. The Indian name of this river, signifies over the mountains. vocabulary of Indian names, so beautiful and expressive, would be not only curious but valuable. A GAZETTEER. on elevated ground, and the source of several branches of There power : at the mouth of the for- are several saw mills. The banks of the river are low and veHowland was incorry beavitiful. porated in 1S26. It lies 117 miles scot, N. E. from Augusta, and 34 N. from Bangor. Population, 1830, 329; 1837, 507. Hubbardston, Vt. Rutland co. Elizabeth Hickok, the daughter of Elizabeth and Uriah Hickok, was the first white child born in this town. This event occurred in 1774. The face of the town is uneven, and in some parts mountainous. It is watered by several ponds, the largest of which, lying partly in Sudbury, is Grego- ry's pond, the outlet of which is called Huhhardston river. This river empties into Lake Champlain West Haven, and stream. The is an excellent village at the northwesterly part of the town is it conpleasant and flourishing tains mills for the manufacture of mill : various articles. Huhhardston lies 50 miles S. W. from Montpelier, and 10 N. W. from Rutland. Population, 1830, 865. Ilubbardston, Mass. Worcester co. river. wooden wares. Hubbardston lies 54 miles W. from Boston, and 22 S. from Worcester. Hudson, N. H. mer, about 50 rods from the Penob- at Ware much unimproved water in the town. There are considerable tracts of valuable meadow land, and the uplands are good It was incorporated for grazing. Population, 1837, 1,780. in 1767. The manufactures of the town consist of copperas, leather, boots, shoes, palm-leaf hats, chairs, cabinet and Howland, Me. Penobscot co. This is a large township of good land, in which the Piscataquis and Seboois rivers form a junction is Huhhardston is Hillsborough co. This town lies 17 miles S. E. from Amherst, and 38 S. from Concord. The land here is of easy cultivation. On the river are fine intervales, of a deep rich Distant from the river, the land is hilly and somewhat broken. There are two ponds, known by the name of Little Massabesick, and soil. Otternick ponds. This town was included in the grant of Dunstable, and was settled as early as 1710. The first settlements were made on the banks of the river, where the Indians had cleared fields for cultivating corn. The first inhabitants While the men lived in garrisons. were abroad in the fields and forests, the women and children were lodged in these places of security. Near the Indian cornfields have been found cinders of a blacksmith*s forge, which have led to the conjecture that they employed a smith to manufacture their implements of war and agriculture. Incorporated, 1746, by the name of NottinghamWest, which it retained until July 1, 1830, when it was changed to Hudson. Population in 1830, 1,282. Hull, Mass. Plymouth co. Hull was first setIncortled about the year 1625. Populi^tion, 1837, porated, 1644. This town comprises the pen180. insula of Nantasket, which forma the S. E. side of Boston harbor. It �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. advantageously 5 some of which is extends N. by W. from Cohasset, The soil is generally of for its beau- improved. miles, and is celebrated and easily cultivain length, and a good quality tiful beaeb, 4 miles The ted. It lies 24 miles N. from Montfish and sea fowl. for its shell pelier, and 32 N. E. from Burlingtown lies between two hills of fine Population, 1830, 823. First opposite ton. land, near point Alderton, It lies 9 miles settled, 1787. Boston light-house. water, and Indian Rivers. E. S. E. from Boston, by On one via Hingham. 22 by land, Indian river. Me., Washington a well of the hills in this place, is county, is a small stream in the town 90 feet in depth, which is frequently Capital in- of Addison. almost full of water. /utZmw sfrcam, N. H., Coos counsalt, vested in the manufacture of most northty, is the principal and $12,500. of Connecticut river, for the una- erly source Hull is remarkable the N. among rising in the highlands near nimity which always prevails the state, and pursuing aldeliberative limit^of its inhabitants in their most a direct S. W. course to its assemblies, and for a spirit of comjunction with the E. branch flowpromise manifest on all occasions in ing from lake Connecticut. pubUc servants. their selection of Huntington, Vt. First co. Chittenden Ru'^Indian river, Vt., rises in and falls into the Pawlet. AnVt., other stream of this name, in into Colrises in Essex, and falls pert, settled, Population, in 1830, 929. Huntington lies 20 miles W. from Montpelier, and 15 S. E. from BurlHuntington river passes ington. 1786. through this town; it is a branch course, of Onion river, is rapid in its several towns an abundaffording The soil of Hunant water povv'er. tington is poor its surface is gen: erally hilly for cultivation. Back mountain lies in the too Camel's chester bay. Indian Stream Territory. of Lake Connecticut and 363 acres. several considerable ponds are uated within this to agricultural purposes, to Fairfield, Haven. and 12 This town borders river, and is a It lies 32 valuable tract of land. is miles N. W. from Augusta, and bounded S. W. by Farmington. Industry w^as incorporated in 1803: village, and raised, it has a pleasant 6,078 bushels of wheat, in 1837, Franklin which dethe inhabitants are principally Huntington was incorporavoted. It lies 4 miles W. ted in 1789. Derby Landing, 12 N. E. from from Population, 1830, 1,371. Hyannis IlarTbor, Mass. See Barnstable. Vt. County town. The Lamoille CO. Lamoille, Green, and other rivers give this town a great water power, co. N. W. on Sandy W. from New with Hyde Park, sit- tract. Industry, Me. Ct. This is a township Fairfield co. uneven surface, but well adapt- ed N New Hampshire Is a tract in British of lat. 45°, extending to the It was possessions in I-. Canada. surveyed in 1805, and contains 160,- eastern part of the town. Hnntington, i a population of 1,014. IpsAvich, Mass. This is one of the Essex CO. towns of the county, and a shire of the port of entry, on a river same name, sometimes called Aga- wam, the Indian name of the place. Ipswich village is very pleasant, is well and the country around it �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. cultivated, and beautifully variegated. There is a cotton mill in the town, and a number of vessels are engaged in the coasting trade and fishery. The manufactures consist of cotton goods, hosiery, vessels, leather, boots, shoes, chairs, — and cabinet ware total annual amount, about $120,000. Ipswich is 12 miles N. by E. from Salem, 10 S. from Newburyport, and 26 First N. E. by N. from Boston. : Incorporated, 1634. Population, 1820,2,553: 1837, 2,855. settled, 16o3. Ira, Vt. Rutland This township co. is elevated it contains good land for rearing cattle it has about 5,000 sheep. Castleton river and Ira brook wash a part of the town, but afford no valuable mill privileges. Ira lies 60 miles S. S. W. from Montpelier, and 8 S. W. from Rutland. Population, 1830, 442. : : Population, settled in 1799. 1830, 860. It lies 40 miles N. by E. from Montpelier, and 30 N. by W. from Danville. The surface of the town is undulating, with an easy soil to cultivate, and generalBlack and Barton rivly fertile. ers water the town, but move too sluggishly to produce any valuable first power. Isinglass lilver, N. H., rise from Long pond Barrington, and Bow pond in Strafford, and, after receiving the w^aters of several other ponds, unites with the Cocheco near the S. part of Rochester. in Isles and Star, Duck, White, Londonner islands. Hog its contains 350 acres of rock, and greatest elevation is 57 feet above high water mark. Smutty Nose contains about 250 acres of rock and soil greatest elevation 45 feet. — Star island contains about 180 acres of rock and soil, and its height is 55 feet. These islands, as a town, are called Gosport. Star and Smutty Nose are inhabited by fishermen, who carry on considerable business way supplying Portsmouth and the neighboring towns with fresh fish, and sending large quantities of cured fish to Boston and in their ; other places. The celebrated dun found here, which have heretofore been considered a disfish are tinct species of differ the cod. They however from the common only in the circumstance of being caught and cured in winter. Star island and Smutty Nose are connected by a sea wall, cod their expense of government, purpose of breaking a strong south east current passing between them, and forming a safe anchorage on the north west side of it. for the Shire town of Orleans county. This township was granted to Ira Allen and others, in 17S1. It was its Malaga, built at the Irasbiii'gli, Vt. Takes Smutty Nose, of Slioals. These islands, 8 miles from the mouth of Portsmouth harbor, N. H. Hog, are seven in number, viz : These objects have been attained, and the miniature fleet of the Shoalers, riding at anchor in this artificial harbor, is no unpleasant sight. Smutty Nose and Malaga are connected by a sea wall, built at the expense of Mr. Haley, " the King This wall, 14 rods of the Shoals." in length, 13 feet in height, and from 20 to 30 feet in width, effectually secures Haley's inlet and wharf from the easterly storms, although the waves not unfrequently break over it in a severe storm. islands are composed of ledges of gneiss, bearing evidence of their igneous origin, as they are often traversed by veins of quartz, trap, and iron stone. There are a few spots of dry soil upon them under cultivation. The Shoals are a pleasant resort for water parties, and their delightful These �NEW ENGLAND bracing air, cannot be otherwise than advantageous to those who are The in want of pure sea breezes. present population is about 100. These islands were discovered by the celebrated John Smith, in 1614, and were named by him The line between Smith's Isles. Maine and New Hampshire passes through these islands, leaving the largest on the side of Maine. Up- them are chasms in the having the appearance of being caused by earthquakes. The most remarkable is on Star island, (Gosport) in which one Betty Moody on all of rocks, secreted herself when the Indians visited the island and took away many female captives and thence ; called to this day " Betty Moody's hole." For more than a century previous to the revolution, these islands were populous, containing They had from 300 to 600 souls. a court-house on Haley's island a meeting-house, tirst on Hog island, and afterwards on Star island. From 3 to 4 thousand quintals fish were annually caught and cured here, and 7 or 8 schooners, besides ; numerous boats, were employed in the business. The business has since very greatly decreased. William Pepperell and a Mr. Gibbons, from Topsham, England, were among the first settlers at the Shoals; the former an ancestor of the celebrated Sir William Pepperell. woman, of the name of Pulsey, died in Gosport, in 1795, aged 90. In her life time she kept two The hay on which they cows. fed in winter, she used to cut in summer, among the rocks, with a Her knife, with her own hands. GAZETTEER. and several islands in its This island has excellent harbors, and is much frequented by fishermen and coasters. The inhabitants are independent farmers and fishermen, who are accustomed to render their insular situation a place of comfort to the wayfarer, or the invalid in pursuit of ocean scot bay, vicinity. breezes. Islesborough lies 10 miles E. from Belfast, and 56 E. from Augusta. Incorporated, 1789. Population, 1837, 674. S. Israel's River, N. H., CO., is formed by the waters which descend in cataracts from the summits of Mounts Adams and Jefferson, and running N. W. it passes through Randolph and Jefferson, discharging itself into the Connec- Coos near the centre of Lancaster. stream, and received its name from Israel Glines, a hunter, who with his brother frequented these regions, long before the settlement of the county. ticut It is a beautiful (Fadsson, Me. Waldo A cows, it was said, were always in good order. They were taken from her, but paid for, by the British, in 1775, and killed, to the no small grief of the good old woman. IslesborongK; Me. Waldo CO. This town comprises a large and fertile island, in Penob* 17 CO. An interior township of good land that produced, in 1837, 4,898 bushels of as fine wheat as can be raised in Tennessee. PopJackson ulation, same year, 523. is 49 miles N. E. from Augusta, and Incor15 N. N. W. from Belfast. porated, 1818. Jackson, 7i. II.) Coos CO., situated on the E. side The surof the White mountains. face of the town is uneven, but the It is is rich and productive. watered principally by the two branches of Ellis' river, passing from the N. and uniting on the S. border near Spruce mountain. soil The principal elevations are called Black, Baldface, and Thorn mountains. settler; Benjamin Copp was the first he moved into Jackson in 1779, and with his family buffeted the terrors of the wilderness four- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. teen years, before any other person The town was settled there. in- corpoiated December 4, 1800, by the name of Adams, which name it retained until 1829, when it was Population, changed to Jackson. in 1S30, 515. JafTrcy, Z&. II. This town lies 62 miles N. W. from Boston, and 40 S. W. by S. from Concord. The Grand Cheshire Monadnock part of this co. situated in the N. W. in Dublin. streams of water issue is town and Innumerable from the mountain. Those which issue from the western side discharge themselves into the Connecticut river; those from tiie eastern form the head waters of ConThe largest stream toocook river. rises about 100 rods from the summit, and descends in a S. E. direction. With and fatigued brook, the thirsty this visitors of the moun- most pleasing re- tain associate the collections. The Jaflrey, affording uneven soil of numerous metul- ows, and early and rich pastures, is peculiarly adapted to raising catThere are several ponds in tle. Out of 3, issue streams this town. sufficient to carry mills erected near their outlets, in the largest, which is 400 rods long, and 140 wide, is an island comprising about 10 acres. About 1 1-2 miles S. E. from the mountain is the " Monadnock mine- The spring is slightly ral spring." impregnated with carbonate of iron and sulphate of soda. It preserves so uniform a temperature as to have Where been known never freeze. the spring issues from the to earth, yellow ochre is thrown out. In this town are a cotton and woolen factory, and various mills. The first permanent settlement was made Jaffrey was incorporated in 1758. in 1773, receiving its West river waters co. town, and gives good mill seats. At a pleasa.it village near the centre of the iwvvn are valuable manufacturing establishments. The surface of the town is very uneven in some parts mountainous, but the soil is generally good and producLime-stone of a good qualitytive. Jamaica was first is found here. Population, 1830, settled in 1780. It lies 90 miles S. from 1,523. Montpelier, and 14 N. W. from Newfane. (famesto^x'ii, Newport co. H. I. This town compris- es Connanicut, a beautiful island in Narraganset bay, about 8 miles length its average breadth is about a mile. The soil is a rich loam, and peculiarly adapted for grazing and the production of Indian corn and barley. in : The inhabitants of this island are for their industry and agricultural skill, which, united with the fertility of the soil and the location of the island, renders it a delightful place. The distance from the town or island to Newport and remarkable South Kingston is about a nale each to each of those places a fer; way ry is established. The island was purchased of the Indians in 1657. was incorporated Population, 1830, 415. Jamestown 1678. in Jay, Me. Jay lies at a bendAndroscoggin river, 29 miles W. by N. from Augusta, and 12 S. S. W-. from Farmington. There is much Franklin co. of valuable land in Jay. The inhab- are principally farmers, and cultivate the soil with much indusitants The town produced, in 1837, try. name from 8,129 bushels of wheat, and con- George Jaffrey, Esq., of Portsmouth, one of the original proprietors. Population in 1830, 1,354. Windham this Population, 1830, siderable wool. Incorporated, 1,276; 1837, 1,685. 1795. • �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Jay, Vt. Orleans co, A part of this town Jay's p-3ak is very mountainous lying in the S. W. part; the other part is good arable huid, and would produce good crops if well cultinumber of streams issue vated. from the mountain and produce an ample water power. Jay was chartered in 1792, but it was not permanently settled until about ISIG. It lies 50 miles N. from Alontpelier, and 15 N. ^V.. from Irasburgh. Population, 1S30, 196. — A Jefferson, Me* embracer a large body of water. otherwise watered by several ponds producing streams for mill seats, which give to Jefierson great facilities for sawing and transporting lumber. This is a flourishing town in its trade and agricultural pursuits; it produced 3,361 bushels of wheat in 1837. Incorporated, 1807. Population, 1837, 2,246. It lies 28 miles E. S. E. from Augusta, and 15 N. E. from Wiscasset. It is Jefferson, X. H. Coos CO. Pondicherry pond, in this town, is about 200 rods in diameter, and is the principal source of John's river. Pondicherry bay is abouc 200 rods wide and 100 lony. Mount Pliny lies in the easterly part of this town, and around its base there is excellent grazing and tillage land. On the S. mountain are several W. is a pleasant village at the falls, Brown's river, side of fine farms, on and some manufac- tories. Jolinsoii, Vt. Johnson was first by a levolutionary hero, of the name of Samuel Eaton. Mr. Eaton frequently passed Lamoille Lincoln co. This town lies at the head of Damariscotta river, and this Population, 1830, 1,654. Jerico lies 25 miles N. W. from Montpelier, and 12 E. from Burlington. This town lies on the N. side of Onion river, and is otherwise finely supplied with mill seats by Brown's river and other streams. The soil varies in quality, from good intervale, on the streams, to common grazing pastures, on the hills. There co. settled in 1784, through this township, while scouting between Connecticut river and lake Champlain and several times encamped on the same flat which he afterwards occupied as a farm, it being a beautiful tract of intervale. Like many other settlers of this ; state, he had many encounter. difficulties and with a numerous family, he loaded his little all upon an old horse, and set out in search of that favorite spot which he had selected ces, in his had more youthful days. rael's river passe.^ throiigii Jeffer- Jerico, Vt. Chittenden CO. First settled, 1774. He nearly 70 miles through the wilderness, guided by the trees which had been marked by the scouts, and opening a path as he passed along. He depended, for some time after he arrived at Johnson, entirely upon hunting and fishing for the support of himself and to travel familj-. which command a iiiost delightful The river Lamoille enters view of the White mountains. Is- township near the southeast son from S. E. to N. W., and here receives a considerable branch. The town was first settled about the year 1773. Jefferson is 77 miles N. from Concord, and 9 S E. from Lancaster. Population, 1«30, 495. to In indigent circumstan- this cor- and running westerly about two miles, through a rich tract of ner, intervale, falls over a ledge of rocks about 15 feet in height into a basin below. This is called J\r ConiicVs falls. Thence it runs northwesterly over a bed of rocks, about 100 rods, narrowing its channel and in- creasing its velocity, when it forms a whirlpool and sinks under a bar- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. which extends across the river. The arch is of solid rock, is about eight feet wide, and at low water is passed over by Jonesborougli, Me. rier of rocks, footmen with safety. The water below through numerous apertures, exhibiting the appearance of rises the boiling of a pot. The suiface of this township is uneven, being thrown into ridges, which are covered with hemlock, spruce and hard wood. The soil is a dark, or yellow loam, mixed with a light sand, is easily tilled, and very productive. The alluvial flats are considerably extensive, but back from the river the lands are, in some parts rather stony. In the northeastern part has been discovered a quantity of soapstone. The village, in Johnson, is very pleasant, and contains a number of mills, for the manufacture of various Johnson articles. lies 28 miles N. by W. from Montpelier, and 6 N. W. from Hyde Park. Popula- Washington co. This town hag Chandler's river and the head of Englishman's bay on the E., Joresport on the S., and the town of Addison on the W. Incorporated, 1809. Population, 1837, 435. It lies 134 miles E. by N. from Augusta, and 12 S. W. from Machias. Joiiesport, Me. Washington co. Taken from Jonesborough in 1836, and is bounded N. by Jonesborough, E. by Englishman's bay, S. by Mispeeky reach, and W. by Addison bay and harbor. This place has an excellent harbor, and is finely located for ship building, the fisheries and coasting trade. It lies 138 miles E. by N. from Augusta, and 16 S. W. from Machias. Population, 1837, 581 Beal and Head islands lie off S. from Jonesport. Judith Point, R. tion, 1830, 1,079. Jolinston, R. I. Providence co. This town lies 5 miles W. from Providence, from which it was taken in 1759. It is pleasantly variegated by hills and vales, with a soil adapted to the culture of corn and barley, and particularly to and all fruits, of vegetables sorts of which large quantities annually sent to Providence market. The quarries of freestone they supin Johnston are valuable ply the wants, not only of the city and immediate vicinity, but distant places, with that useful material. The Wonasquatucket and Pochasset rivers with their tributary streams give this town a good hydraulic powBeautiful manufacturing viler. lages are scattered along the banks of these waters, presenting to the are ; eye of the traveller the pleasant union of our agricultural and manufacturing interests. 1830, 2,113. Population, I. A noted headland in South Kingston, 11 miles S. in N. lat. 41° S.W. from Newport, 24', W. Ion. 71° 35'. A light-house was erected here in 1810, the tower of which is 3.^ feet in height. This point opens to the ocean about midway between Vineyard and Long Island Sounds. When off this place, travellers unaccustomed to the sea frequently experience some little inconvenience for a few miles. From this light, Montauk, on Long Island, bears about S. W. 30 miles, and Gay Head, on Martha's Vineyard, about E. by S., 35 miles. K^atalidiu Mountain, Me. celebrated mountain, the greatest elevation in the state, lies between the eastern and western branches of Penobscot river, in the county of Piscataquis, about eighty miles N. N. W. from Bangor, and 120 N. N. E. from Augusta. Dr. Jackson has ascertained its height This �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. be 5,390 feet above the level of The Indians had a notion the sea. that this mountain was the abode It is steep of supernatural beings. and rugged, and stands in almost to It may be seen solitary grandeur. Tho,-c in a clear day from Baugor. who have visited its summit pro- nounce the scenery um-ivalled in sublimity. level, and is well ornamented with The buildings are good and well arranged some of them are elegant. Keene is a place of considerable business. It has 2 glass houses, a woolen factory, iron foundry, and manj' other valuable manuficturing establishments. Its first settlement commenced about the year 1734, by Jeremiah Hall and trees. ; name was Upwas incorporated In the county of Merrimack, sit- with its present name, April 11, uated between the towns of J^^ntton 1753, which is derived from Sir and Salisbury, extending into both Benjamin Keene, British niinister towns. The line between \\ ihuot at Spain, and contemporary with and Warner passes over the sum- Gov. B. Wentworth. Kearsarge ZTomitain, N. H., Kearsarge is elevated 2,481 mit. feet above the level of the sea, and is the highest mountain in Merri- mack county. Its summit is now a bare mass of granite, presenting an irregular and broken surface the sides are covered with a thick growth of wood. The prospect from this mountain, in a clear sky, is very wide and beautiful. Keene, K. II., Chief town of Cheshire co., is one most flourishing tov.ns in N. H. It is 80 miles W.^N. W. from Boston, (10 S. from Dartmouth college, 43 S. S. E. from Windsor, Yt., 40 W. from Amherst, and 55 W. S. W. from Concord. Tb.e soil is of various kinds and generally good. Ashueloi river has its source in a pond in Vv'ashington. and discharges itself into the Connecticut, at Hinsdale, 20 miles distant from Keene. Keene has been called one of the " prettiest villages" in New England; and president Dwight, in his travels, pronounces it one of the pleasantest inland towns he had of the seen. The principal village is sit- uated on a flat, E. of the A^huelot, nearly equidistant from that and the upland. It is particularly entitled to notice for the extent, width, and uniform level of its streets. The main street, extending one nule in a straiaht line, is almost a perfect 17* others. Its original per Ashueloi. It In 1786 the settlement had so increased, that a meeting-house was erected and in two years after, a minister was settled. But the usual scourge, which attended the frontier settlements, visited this town In 1745 the Indians killed Josiah Fisher, a deacon of the church in 1746, they attacked the fort, the only protection of the inhabitants. They were, however, discovered by Capt. Ephraim Dorman in season to prevent their taking it. He was attacked by two Indians, but defended himself successfully against them, and reached the fort. An action ensued, in which John : BuUard was killed ; Mrs. M'Kenney, who being out of the fort, was stabbed and died and Nathan Blake taken prisoner, carried to Canada, where he remoincd two years. Mr. Blake afterwards returned to Keene, where he lived till his death,in 1811, at the age of 99 years and 5 months. Vv'henhewas 94 he married a widow of 60. The Indians burnt all the ; buildings in the settlement, including the meeting-house. The inhabitants continued in the fort until April, 1747, when the town was abandoned. In 1753 they returned, and re-con. menced their settlements. In 1755 the Indians again Their number attacked the fort. was great, and the onset violent, but the vigilance and courage of �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Syms successfully defended After burning several buildings, killing cattle, &c., they withThey again invaded the drew. town, but with little success. Col. Isaac Wyman, an active and influential man, marched the tirst detachment of men from this town, in the war of the revolution, and was present at the battle of Breed's Hill. Population, in 1830, is more than 1,000 feet, hydraulic power, with that Capt. of this river it. and 2,371. lieiidiiskeag Streain, Me. This stream rises in Dexter and Garland, and after meandering very circuitously through Corinth, Levant and Dutton, it falls into the Penobscot river, at the centre of the city of Bangor. This is a valuable mill stream; it has numerous its banks are romantic and beautiful. tributaries ; KeiiiieTjec River, The first fertile, Me. source of this import- Moose Head lake, of the outlet. From thence it passes in a S. W. course nearly 20 miles, where it receives the waters of Dead river ; it then proceeds S. to Starks, about 40 miles, where it receives the v/aters of the Sandy : here it changes its course easterly, about 12 miles, passing Norridgewock and Skowhegan : it then again changes its course to the S. till it receives the waters of the Sebastlcook, about 15 miles it continues to descend in nearly a S. course to Hallowell, tibout 20 miles ; here it inclines to the E. a few miles, and then resuming a S. course, and passing through Aierrymeeting bay, where it receives the Andi-oscoggia river, it passes Bath and meets the ocean. The wliole lenglli of this river, from Moose Head lake to the sea, is about 150 miles. The tributaries already named are the most considerable ; but there are many others that would be considered important rivers in other sections of country. The whole fall ant river which is it is : of its tributaries, is incalculable. its We are enabled to state that the average, or mean time, of the closing of this river by ice, at Hallowell, for 45 successive years, was December 12th, and of its opening, April 3d. The most remarkable years were, 1792, when the river closed November 4th, and opened April Ist, the following year and 1831, when it closed January 10th, and opened April loth, 1832. Since the \ear 1786 the Kennebec has not been obstructed by ice in any spring after the 20th of April. IveniieTSjec Cowiity, Me. Augusta is the shire town. This county is bounded N. by Franklin, Somerset, and Penobscot counties, E. by Waldo and a part of Lincoln counties, S. by Lincoln county, and W. by Oxford county. This county is watered by numerous ponds and rivers, but principally by the noble Kennebec, which passes nearly centre, from which the name of the county is derived. The i'ace of the county is undulating, not hilly; its soil is of a superior quality, producing, in great abundance, all the variety of grasses, grains, vegetables and fruits common to its climate. The union of through its hydraulic power with navigable waters, which this county enjoys its fertility, locality, and other natural advantages, render it a highly favored section of our country. Area, about 1,050 square miles. In 1837 this county contained 101,238 sheep, and produced 186,876 bushels of wheat. Population, 1837,62,375 59 inhabitants to a square mile. : Kemielnmlc, Me. York on the bunk This town CO. S. W. river, side and is is situated of the Kenne- regarded as one New of the pleasantest towns in England. Population, 1837, 2,343. In former ve3r<« the business of the �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. town was mostly of a commercial character, there being a large number of vessels owned here, which were engaged in the West India trade. But this trade is now nearly abandoned, and the navigation is engaged in the freighting, coiisting, Ship buildand iishing business. ing has been carried on here to a great extent, for about seventy years, and some of the finest ships in the country have been built in this place within the last fe v.' year-. There is one large cotton factory in operation, and other privileges for hirge manufacturing establishments on the Kennebunk, and the Mousum, a pleasant stream which meets Kennethe ocean in this town. bunk is a port of entry tonnage of the district, in 18.3?', 6,964 tons. Incorporated, 1820. It lies SO miles : S. W. from Augusta, 25 S. W. from and 15 N. N. E. from Portland, maritime pursuits, and both enjoy a good harbor for shipping. Population, 183.7, 2,730. Ixeusington, N« H., co., is 45 miles N. from Boston, 15 S. W, from Portsmouth, and 40 S. E. from Concord. This town has no streams of any note; its surface is pretty even. Kensington was settled at an early period, and was originally a part of Hampton, from which it was detached in 1737. Population, 1830, Rockingham 717. Ivent County, R. I. East Greenwich is the county town. Kent county is bounded N. by Providence county, E. by Providence bay, S. by Washington county, and W. by the state of ConThe surface of the counnecticut. ty is generally rough and uneven: in the eastern part are tracts of leThe soil is either a gravel land. York. I£enue1>iink: Port, Me., ve Ih- or Fandy loam, and very productive of Indian grain, rye, fruits, The grazing busiE. side of the Kennebunk river. and A-egetables. This town was formerly extensive- ness is extensively pursued in this ly engaged in the Vvest India trade, county. The Pawtuxet and Flat ^ut its navigation is now employed rivers are the principal, but a numin the freighting, coasting, and iish- ber of large ponds produce smaller ing business. The extensive gran- streams in abundance. The manuite quarries here are likely to befacturing interests of this county, come a source of considerable busi- particularly of cotton and wool, are ness. The stone, bearing a strong very extensive, and probably purresemblance to the Quincy, finds sued with as much spirit and suca ready market where granite is cess as in any portion of the state. made use of in building. Thirty Some navigation is employed on the years ago, this town, and Kenne- bay in tlie coasting trade and fishbunk, on the opposite side of the ery. Kent county comprises an river, were the niost active and busy area of 186 square miles. Populabut the tide of tion, 1820, 10,228; 1830, 12,789. ports in Maine emigration has carried off most of Population to a square mile, 69. the young men, leaving a surplus Kent, Ct. of girls; so that v.-hatever activity there now is in the place, is of a Litchfield co. First settled, 1738. Population, domestic character, not creating Incorporated, 1739. that noise and bustle incident to the 1830, 2,001. Kent is 50 miles W. operations of the other sex. Ken- from Hartfoi-d, 50 N. W. from New nebunk Port lies about 4 miles N. Haven, and 15 W. from Litchfield. E. from Kennebunk. This town This is a mountainous township, and Kennebunk are much united in with some fine land on the banks York CO., is situated on ; the N. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. of the Housatonick, which passes western border. Good iron ore is found here. There are three furnaces in town, but the manufacture of iron is not so extensive as formerly. The Housatonick, cahii and still, winding gracefully at the foot of a high and rugged mountain, renders the scenery from the neat and quiet village, highly picturesque and beautiful. •• There is in this (own," says Dr. Trumbull, " convincing evidence that it was a grand seat of the nathrough stantly return. Willard being, on the second or third day, nearly exhausted with fatigue and hunger, its inhabitants of this counti-y, before Indians, who more lately inhabited it, had any residence in it. There are arrow heads, stone pots, and a sort of knives, and various kinds of utensils, frequently found by the English, of such curious workmanship as exceeds all the skill of any Indians since the Engtive put himself under the guidance of who in a short time conducted him in safety to his camp. his dog, liillingly, Ct. Vvindham I co. This town lies 45 miles E. from Hartford, 25 W. from Providence, R. I., and 5 N. E. from Brooklyn. First settled in 1700. The first white person known to have been bui-ied here was Mr. Nell Alexander's great-grand-moLake.) This town is rough and hilly, but there is a great deal of beauty about it, and its history is full of romantic ther. (See jilexonder's stories relating to the first settlers and the red men. The town is well watered by the Quinnebaugand its branches. There are three villages. Pleasant Valley, Daysville, and Danielsonville, all pleasant and lish came into this country, and became acquainted with them. These were not only found when flourishing manufacturing places. the town was first settled, but they They contain 14 cotton and 3 wool- are still found on the sides of tonic river." Kousa- Killingly contains excellent quarries of freestone, and of a slate rock Kilkenny, N. H. This place was granted and contained, in 1830, but 27 inhabitants. They are poor, and for aught that appears to the contrary, must always remain so, as they may be deemed actual trespassers on that part of creation destined by its author for the residence of bears, wolves, moose, and other animals Coos CO. in 1774, of the forest. An exception, however, may possibly be mace in favor of a narrow strip of land along Pithe S. boundary of the town. lot and Willard's mountains, so called from a dog and his master, cover a considerable part of this town. Willard, a hunter, had been lost two or three days on these mountains, on the east side of which his camp was situated. en mills, a furnace, an axe factory, and other mechanical operations. Each day he observed his dog Pilot left him, as he supposed in pursuit of game but towards night he would con; resembling granite, wrought; soft, and easily also of a slate rock com- posed of granular quartz, almost lich bed of porcelain white. clay is found on Mashentuck hill, said to equal French or Chinese Population, 1S3G, 4,000. clay. A KiilingtoM Peak, Vt. This noted elevation of the Green Mountain range, .3,924 feet above the ocean, lies ip Sherburne, 10 miles £. from Rutland. ICilliiigivortli, Ct. Middlesex Indian settled co. This town, the Hammoimasset, was The central in 1663. first part of the town is 38 miles S. E. from LonHartford, 27 W. from New 17 S. by E. from MidPopulation,' 1830, 2,484. Long Island lies on tov.'n don, and dletown. This �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Sound with seis. a harbor for small v^esvessels are built at Many There is 1,000 acres this place. of good salt meadow in Killingworth, and the soil of the uplands, although hard and uneven, are rendered productive by industry and called the Great hill and Rockrimon are the highest. The soil of The is generally loamy. charter of Kingston was granted, 1694. The grant also comprehended what now forms the towns of East Kingston, Danville, and SanKingston management. The village down. This town suffered in comvery pleasant, with a wide street mon with others in the vicinity, from Many Indian a mile and a half in length, crossed Indian depredations. about midway by Indian river, a implements, with some ancient small stream which enters the har- French coin, have been ploughed This was a great resort for up in the vicinity of the ponds. bor. Immense masses the Indians. Maj. Ebejvezer Stevens, one of mouldering shells still point out of the early settlers, was a very the places where they dwelt." distinguished and useful citizen. Killingworth is a healthful, interThis town was also the residence skillful is '•' of the Hon. Josiah Bartlett, one of the first worthies of the state, and an eminent physician. His esting place. Kiliuarnoclc, Me. This town is Piscataquis co. well watered by Piscataquis river and the outlet of Scootum lake. It lies 103 miles N. E. from Augusta, and 22 N. N. E. from Dover. Incorporated, 1824. Population, 1830, 138; 1837, 313. lixa.sS.eld, Me. public career Kingsbury, Me. Incorporated, 1836. East." See ica. He was This town is distant from Concord 37 miles S. E., from Exeter 6, and from Portsmouth 20. There are several ponds in this town. The largest is Great pond, which lies on the W. of the village, and contains upwards of 300 acres, with an island of 10 or 12 acres, covered with wood. There are no high hills in Kingston ; those co. the first Amer- governor of the state under its free constitution. He died in 1795, aged 65. Population, 1830, 929. Kingston, Vt. Addison co. A mountainous town- ship settled soon after the revolutionary war. Population, 1830, 403. White river is formed in Kingston by the union of several streams. Here is a beautiful v/ater fall of 100 feet, 50 of which is perpendicular. At the bottom of the fall the water has worn a hole 10 feet in Kingston lies 21 miles S. depth. "Down W. Kingston, N. H. Rockingham in 1765, supporter of the liberties of A Franklin co. fine farming township, east of Mount Abraham, and watered by Seven Mile brook and one of its tributaries. It lies 55 miles N. W. by N. from Augusta, and 25 N. from Farmington. Population, 1837, 614. Incorporated, 1803. Wheat crop of 1837, 3,877 bushels. commenced and from that time to his death he was an unwearied advocate and from Montpelier, and 14 E. from Middlebury. Kingston, Mass. Plymouth co. This town lies within Plymouth harbor, 4 miles N. W. from Plymouth, and 31 S. E. from Boston. Kingston has a good harbor, a considerable stream of water and some excellent land. There are a number of vessels engaged in the coasting trade, and some in foreign commerce. Many vessels are built here of the south �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. shore white oak, noted for its During strength and durability. the year ending April 1,1837, there were 19 vessels engaged in the cod and mackerel fishery. They took 14,214 quintals of cod fish, and 886 barrels of mackerel, the value of which amounted to ,^48,590. There mill in Kingston, and manufactures of bar iron, nails, axes, cutlery, anchors, leather, shoes, pa!ra-leaf hats, and shingles total is a cotton : value inone year $105,.302. Monk's hill presents an excellent vievt' of Plymouth harbor. Kingston was incorporated in 1726. Population, 1837, 1,371. Kii'ljy, Vt. Caledonia co. First settled, 1799. Population, 1830, 401. There are some tracts of good land in Kirby, but the township is generally either wet and cold, or too mountainous for ing trade and fishery, and formerly considerable trade was carried on with the West Indies from this place but there is little or none ; — at present. Kittery point was the residence of Sir William Pepperell, who commanded the England troops in the celebrated expedition to Cape Breton, in 1745, which resulted in the captu!-e of Louis'hurg. It is divided from Poi-tsmouth, N. H. by the Piscataqua. bridge connects it with that place. Another bridge New A connects it with Badger's island, on the United States Navy Yard. Kittery lies 103 miles S. W. from Augusta, and 50 S. W, from Incorporated, 1653. Portland. Population, 1837, 2,322. which is I^nox, Me. A Waldo CO. beautiful farming town, named in honor of Gen. Hen- ry Knox, a patriot of the revoluwho died at Thomaston, 1806, This is one of the many N. aged 53. cultivation. It has a number of springs, brooks, and a good fish pond. The town lies 36 miles E. from Montpeher, and 14 N. E. from Danville. lOrklaiid, Me. Penobscot CO. Kirkland is finely watered by Dead stream, Pushavv lake and its principal tributary river. It lies 83 miles N. E. from Augusta, and 15 N. N. W. from Bangor. Incorporated, 1823. Population, 1837, 258. Kittery, Me. A York CO. sea port town on the N. E. bank of the Piscataqua river, being the extreme southwestern boundary of the state on the Atlantic, adjoining York on the N. It is E. and Elliot on the N. W. one of the earliest settlements in the province, or state, and had its share of trial and suffering with others of their days, from repeated incursions of the Indians. The river or inlet, called Spruce creek, affords a convenient harbor for vessels usually employed in the coast- tion, in Maine fast rising in wealth and respectability, by the fertility of the soil and industry of the people. It lies 32 miles N. E. by E. from Augusta, and 14 S. W. from Belfast. Incorporated, 1819. Popu- towns lation, 1837, 815. Wheat crop, same year, 4,037 bushels. liagraiige, Me. Population, 1837, 287. Wheat same year, 1,749 bushels. See " Down East." crop, liamoille Cowiity, Vt. Hyde Park is the shire town.— This county was established in 1836. It is bounded N. by Franklin and Orleans counties, E. by Orleans and Caledonia counties, S. by Washington county, and W. by Chittenden and a part of Franklin counties. This county lies on the Green mountain range, and is the source of maThe river Lamoille ny streams. passes nearly through its centre, and, with its tributaries, give the , �NEW ENGLAND GAZKTTKER. hydraulic power. The elevation of the county renfor grazders the soil more adapted tillage, yet there are ing than for meadow lar<re tracts of excellent county a 2;reat Manufacstreams. and the exports ol beef cattle and the products of the annually dairy are valuable, and In 1837, there were increasing. Population, 1830, sheep. boi^dering tures its flourish, meadow hills; and the land in the S. E. part lies too high up the tin soil along the Connecticut is alluvial, the meadows extending back nearat ly three-fourths of a mile ; and the mouth of Israel's river much farther. The village, or 28,677 8,930. most compact part of the town, lies on a street extendu)g from the bridge across Israel's river northwardly :— it is pleasant, manufacturis the site of some ing estabhshments. Lancaster was granted and settled in 1763. The war of the revolution tended to retown.— tard the settlement of the After the war closed, the town setand tled with considerable rapidity, in has since aradually increased Population, wealth and "business. and liainoille River, Vt. This river is formed in Greensborough. Its general course is N. W. It passes through Hardwick, Wolcott, Morriston, Johnston, Camand bridge, Fairfax and Georgia, Champlain at Milfalls'into Lake N. from Burlington. numerous tributaries: has several falls, which produce ton, 12 miles This river hai it The for cultivation. mountains 1830, 1,187. Ijaacaster, Mass. banks Its a valuable water power. fertile. in many parts are very It was discovered by Champlain in 1609. Lancaster, K. H. Coos CO. Shire town of the counsoutheastern ty, and situated on the bank of Connecticut river, which forms and washes its N. W. boundIt hes ary, a distance of 10 miles. distant 110 miles W. from Portland, 130 N. from Portsmouth, 95 N. from Concord, and 75 above DartBesides the Conmouth College. necticut, which is deep and about 22 rods in width while it passes Worcester This town, the co. J\''asav;ogg of the Indians, is the was oldest town in the county ; it years a frontier settlement, for m.any and greatly harrassed by the na- In 1676. the town was at1,500 Indians; many were killed on both sides the town was destroyed, and a number car- tives. tacked by ; ried into v.-a5 Mrs. Lancaster celebrated Roivlandson. both sides of a among whom captivity, the remarkably Nashua fine, river, Mary on and has lies alluvial soil, in Per- a high state of cultivation. hapAhere is no inland town New in England that possesses more natuthrough Lancaster, the town is wathe eye and several ral beauties, or that strikes tered by Israel's river, the traveller more agreeably.— Across this of considerable brooks. it is are The village is very beautiful river a bridge and several dams water neatly built on an alluvial plain, thrown, forming a valuable hills, and watered by There are several ponds surrounded by power. There stream. of which a large and placid in Lancaster, the largest in are 3 cotton and 1 woolen mills pond, from is called Martin-meadow manufactures of This communi- the town, and Martin, a hunter. forks, leather, boots, shoes, hats, cates with Little pond. palm-leaf hats, tenon maLancaster is situated near lofty combs, copper pumps, piano-fortes, mountains, but is not itself moun- chines, :—-annual in chairs, and cabinet ware There are three hills tainous. $100,000. Some min^e S. part of the town, called Mar- value about : — �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. eral substances are found here. Lancaster was first settled, 1643. Incorporated, 1653. Population^ 1837,1,903. It lies 35 miles W. N. W. from Boston, and 15 N. N. E. from Worcester. liandaflf, H6. Grafton co. Its distance from Haverhill is about 12 miles N. E., and from Concord 90 N. by V/,' Amonoosuck . and 11 N. from Lenox. liaiigdom, ]V. H. Sullivan CO. by S. Langdon is 18 miles W. from Newport, and 50 W. from Concord. The princi3 miles E. from Connecticut river, and 6 from Bellows Falls. considerable branch of Cold river passes S. W. through the pal village rjver, tain in the E. was incorporated, Population, 1837, 1,090. It 125 miles Vv by N. from Bos- S. S. E. to N. W. through the S. part of the town. Through the northwesterly extremity passes the Great con- fish. 1765. ton, Wild Amonoosuck river runs from There is a town slate. parti v in this Pittsfield : it Lanesborough I S. pond and partly in tains trout and other fine lies H. and graphic ble, delightful part. it A Landaif mounCobble hill in the centre, and Bald hill in the W., whole extentof this town, and unites vyith the main branch near the S. soil is fertile. LandaiT was granted line. Langdon, named in honor in 1764, to James Averv and^others. of^ Gov. Langdon, was incorporated Population, are the principal elevations. The' in 1830, 95l. 1787. 1773. liautlgrove, Vt. Bennington co. This town is settlement commenced in Population, 1830, 667. Its liebanon, Me. on elevated land at the N. E. corner York CO. This town is bounded of the county, 33 miles N. E. from W. by Salmon Fall river, on the Bennington, and about 30 S. W. line of New Hampshire. It is a from Windsor. Some of the head large agricultural township, with branches of West river have their some trade and manufactures. It sources here. The lands are too lies 99 miles S. W. from Augusta, rough and high for much improve50 S. W. by W. from Portland, and ment. First settled, 1769. Populis. W. from Alfred. Incorporalation, 1830, 385. ted, 1767. Population, in 1837, I/auesljoroMgli, Mass. j | Berkshire co. This township lies on elevated ground, the sources of some of the head branches of Housatonick and Hoosack rivers. It is situated on two hills, with an intervening valley. The lands in the valley are very luxuriant, and the hilly parts are admirably adapted I^elianoii, N. Grafton co. H. This pleasant town on Connecticut river, is 4 miles S. from Dartmouth College, 49 N. W.' from Concord, and 90 N. W. fioni Portsmouth. Besides the Connecticut on its W. border, this town is watered by Mascomy river, runninofor grazing. Lanesborough is a from E. to W. through its centre^ beautiful town, under good cultivaand atibrding many valuable mill tion, and very productive. The in- seats and a constant supply of v/ahabitants are principally firmers, ter. The soil here is alluvial, the who make agriculture a business, intervales on the Connecticut exand reap its rewards. In 1837 there tending back from the river about were in this town 12,333 sheep, halfamile. There are meadows or whose fleeces weighed 42,489 lbs.' intervales on Mascomy river. The estimated at ^26,100. Limestone principal village is situated on a abounds here ; also beautiful mar- plain near the central part, at the \ �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. head of the falls of Mascomy rivThere are falls in the Connecticut in this town, which have been jlocked and canalled by a company, called the White River Company. Lyman's bridge connects this town with Hartford, Vt. A medicinal A spring has been discovered. lead mine has been opened, and there has been found on Entield line, er. the as Governor of Connecticut ; faithful page of History will record. Full of years and honors, rich in benevolence, and firm in the faith and hopes of Christianity, 9th, 1785, iEtatis 75." This tomb contains the ashes of two governors, one commissary general, and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. near the outlet of the Great pond, a vein of iron ore. This is a place of considerable manufactures, and of extensive Lebanon was granted 1761. trade. It was the first town settled on Connecticut river to the N. of Charles- town. The first settlers were a hardy, brave people, tenacious of their principles most of them were men of strong minds, good habits, correct principles, and good common education. Population, 1830, : he died August licdyard, Ct. New London co. This town was taken from Groton in 1836. It was formerly called North Groton. It is 7 miles N. by E. from New London, and 8 S. from Norwich. There a pretty village, of some thirty houses, at Gale's ferry, on the Thames. The population of the town, in 1836, was about 2,000. About twenty of the Pequot tribe a miserable of Indians reside here remnant of a great and powerful is : 1,868. nation. liebanon, Ct. New This town was named London Lebanon co. lies 30 miles S. E. from Hartford, and 10 N. W. from Norwich. First settled about 1700. Population, in The 1830, 2,554. uneven town is The soil is surface of the — moderately hilly. of a chocolate color; a rich deep mould, very fertile, and well adapted for grass. Husbandry the principal business of the inhabitants. The village is on a street more than a mile in length, wide, pleasant and interesting it was the residence of the family, celebrated for their genius and patriotism. On the family tomb, in the village, is the following inscription to the memory of the first govis : Trumbull ernor Trumbull. " Sacred to the memory of Jonathan Trumbull, Esq. vvho, unaided by birth or powerful connexions, but blessed with a noble and virtuous mmd. arrived to the highest station in government. His patriotism and firmness during 50 years employment in public life, and particularly in the very important part he acted in the American Revolution, 18 in honor of two brothers, natives of Groton Col. Led vARD, the brave defender of Groton Heights, in 1781 ; and John Ledyard, the celebra- ted traveler, who died at Cairo, in Egypt, in 1789, aged 38. John Led- yard was probably as distinguished a traveler as can be found on re" Endowed with an original cord. and comprehensive genius, he beheld with interest, and described with energ3', the scenes and objects around him; and by comparing them with what he had seen in other regions of the globe, he was enabled to give his narrative all the varied effect of contrast and resemblance." This accurate observer of mankind pays the following tribute to female character. " I have always remarked," says he, '• that women in all countries are civil and obliging, tender and humane that they are ever inclined to be gay and cheerful, timorous and modest ; and that they do not hesitate, like men, to perform : �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Not a generous action. hauglity, nor arrogant, nor supercilious, tliey are full of courtesy, and fond of society ; more liable in general to err than man, but in general also more virtuous, and performing more good actions, than he. To a woman, whether civilized or savage, I never addressed myself, in the lan- guage of decency and friendship, him to follow. treated. The enemy also to- Lee is 28 miles E. S. E. from Concord, and 12 S. W. from Dover. From the N. E. extremity of Ep- Lamprey river enters Lee, and after a serpentine course of about 7 miles, it passes into Durham. Other parts of the town are watered by Little, North, and Oys- ping. Lee was originally a part of Durham, and was incorporated, 1766. Population, in 1830, 1,009. without receiving a decent and With man it has friendly answer. In wanderoften been otherwise. ing over the barren plains of inhospitable Denmark, through honest Sweden and frozen Lapland, rude and churlish Finland, unprincipled Russia, and the wide spread regions of the wandering Tartar; if hungry, dry, cold, wet, or sick, the women have ever been friendAnd ly to me, and uniformly so. add to this virtue, so worthy the appellation of benevolence, their actions have been performed in so free and kind a manner, that if I was dry, I drank the sweetest draught, and if nungry, I ate the coarsest morsel, with a double rel- ter rivers. ish." boots, shoes, bar iron, iron castings, Liee, Berkshire co. Mass. This is town on the Housatonick mirably located purposes. for a pleasant river, ad- manufacturirig contains a cotton and a woolen mill, 12 paper mills, and various other manufactui-es by water power. The amount of manufactured goods ibi- the year ending April 1, iS37, was $405,000. The It paper manufactured, amounted to The articles manufac,$274,500. tured, besides paper, cotton and woolen goods, were leather, hats, axes, shovels, spades, hoes, forks, Me. Wheat crop, 1837, 8,450 bushels It population, the same year, 5oG. See lies 125 miles from Augusta. " Down East." : Liee, KT. liCe, H. StrafTord co. In the N. part of the town lies V/heelwright's pond, containing about 165 acres, and forming the principal source of Oyster river. is memorable for the which was fought near it in 1690, between a scouting party of Indians, and two companies of ran- ploughs, chairs, tin, cabinet and wooden ware, carriages, chair stuff, &c. The soil of the town is good, particularly for grazing. of 2,000 sheep, in 1837, ued is an abund- . This pond and wounded, drew off and obliged There ant supply of iron ore and marble of excellent qualities. Lee was incorporated in 1777. It lies 130 miles \V from Boston, and 5 S, E. Population, in 1830, fiom Lenox. 1,825; 1837, 2,095. JLicet'is, battle gers, under Capts. Floyd and WisThe engagement lasted two wall. Wiswall, his lieutenant, hours. sergeant, and 12 men were killed Floyd conand several wounded. tinued to fight til! his men, v/earied at ,^4,500. The wool was val- Me. Kennebec co. This is a large and flourishing agricultural town, finely watered by a large and beauTiie outlet of this pond pond. the Androscoggin, gives the town a good water power, for saw mills and other manufactories. The villages in Leeds are very neat and pleasant. The soil is fartiful into �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. and productive. Wheat crop, Leeds was 1837, 5,421 bushels. It lies 30 incorporated in 1802. miles W. S. W. from Augusta. Population, 1837, 1,743. tile liCicester, Vt. Addison Leicester is waterco. river of its own name, by Otter creek, and by a part of lake These waters are too Dunmorc. ed by a sluggish to afford the town water power. The soil is a much sandy loam, interspersed with some flats Along the rivers the soil of clay. The high is rich and productive. lands are hard and fit for grazing. About 4,000 sheep are kept here. Leicester lies 36 miles S. W. from INIontpelier, and 10 S. by E. from Middlebury. First settled, 1773. Population, 1830, 638. liCicester, Mass. This town is on the height of ground between Boston harbor and Connecticut river. It lies 46 miles W. from Boston, 6 W. S. W. from Worcester, 42 E. S. E. from Northampton, and 44 N. W. from Providence. It was first settled in 1713, and incorporated about Its Indian name the year 1721. Population, 1837, was Towtaid. This town is well watered 2,122. by French river, and branches of the Connecticut and Blackstone, which rise here, and afford mill sites Worcester co. They were much esteemed. The families of Denny, Earle anl Henshaw, have been numerous in 1783. Leicester, and highly respectable. lienuiiiugtou, Vt. Essex CO. A mountainous township, on the W. side of Connecticut river, with a small portion of inter- There are several brooks in the town, and a beautiful cascade of 50 feet. There is a mountain in the town called " the Monadnock of Vermont," from which may be discovered that this town, generalIt lies ly, is not fit for cultivation. vale. 64 miles N. E. from Montpelier, and 24 N. from Guildhall. Population, 1830, 183. liempstei', N. II. Sullivan co. It is 40 miles W. from Concord. The surface is, in general, uneven, and the eastern part is mountainous. The soil is moist, and better suited for grass The town is well than grain. watered, although its streams are small. One branch of Sugar river, and the S. and W. branches of Cold river afford conveniences for water machinerj". Near the W. boundary line is a pond 320 rods long and 80 wide. Sand pond lies in Lempster this town and Marlow. was granted 1761. It was settled about 1770, by emigrants from Connecticut. numerous manufactories. Leicester Academy was founded for has considerable funds, commodious buildings, and is highly respectable. It accommodates 100 pupils throughout the year. The surface of the town is uneven in 1784. cards, machine cards, chairs, cabi- net ware, scythes, leather, boots and shoes: total value the year ending April 1, 1837, $531,939. society of Jews built a synagogue, and resided here from 1777 to A lienox, Me. See " Dow^n East." It There with a strong, deep soil. are 5 woolen mills in the town, and manufactures of machines, hand Population, in 1830, ddd. Lieuox, Mass. Berkshire co. Shire town. This an excellent township of land, watered hy Housatonick river, and surrounded by beautiful mountain scenery. It lies 130 miles W. from Boston, 25 N. E. from Hudson, N. Y., and 55 N. W. from Hartfbrd, Ct. Lenox is accommodated with a water power, and contains mines of rich iron ore, and quarries of There are some beautiful marble. is �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER, manufactures of iron, leather, marble, &,c., in the town, but agriculture is the chief pursuit of the in- some wild scenery, worthy of the notice. Incorporated, Population, 1837, 902. traveler's 1774. habitants. Incorporated, 1767. Population, 1837, 1,277. Lieomiiister, Mass. A beautiful town, and great water power, on both sides of a principal branch of Nashua river, 42 Worcester co. of an excellent soil, miles N. \V. from Boston, and 20 N. from Worcester. This town was taken from Lancaster in 1740, and shared with that town in the sufferings occasioned by Indian hostilit}^ The manufactures of Leominster, for the year ending April 1, 1837, exclusive of the product of 5 paper The articles mills, was $111,505. manufactured were leather, boots, shoes, hats, chairs, cabinet axes, ware, combs, tin ware, straw bonnets, palm-leaf hats, chaises, carPopulation,, riages, and harnesses. lie-wiston, falls. The waters of that river descend 47 feet in the distance of 12 to 15 rods, and pi-oduce a valuable hydraulic power. The town extends on the river about 13 miles, and is connected with Minot by a the bridge, at the foot of the falls, of 1,000 feet in length. Thisisatownship of good land, with some manufactures of woolen and cotton goods, and a number of saw mills. Wheat crop, 1837, 1,920 bushels. Incorporated, 1795. Population, 1830, Lewiston is 1,549; 1837, 1,737. 28 miles S. W. from Augusta, 34 N. by E. from Portland, and 25 N. W. from Bath. liexmgtMi, Me. 1037, 1,914. A Me. Lewiston lies on the E. side of Androscoggin river, at Lincoln co. alum rock has been found Somerset co. This town lies 57 in this town which is said to be a miles from Augusta. Population, It condecomposed mica slate. Wheat crop, same year, 1837, 457. tains an abundance of beautiful 2,346 bushels. See " Down East." rich plumose, or feather form alum, like that of Milo, one of the Grecian isles, mixed with the green crystals of copperas, or sulphate of iron. Ijevant, Me. This town lies Penobscot co. principally on the S. W. side of Kenduskeag stream, by which and it is well watered. its tributaries The soil is good and productive. The wheat crop of 1837 was 3,432 bushels. Levant lies 78 miles N. E. from Augusta, and 10 N. W. from Bangor. Incorporated, 1813. Population, 1830, 747 1837,1,081. licxiugton, Mass. co. This pleasant town 10 miles N. W. from Boston, and 7 E. from Concord. Incorpo1712. Population, 1837, rated, There are some excellent 1,622. farms in this town, large tracts of meadow on some of the branches of the Shawsheen, which rise here, and some valuable woodland. The Middlesex lies manufactures consist of boots, shoes, caps, clocks, cabinet ware, and calannual value, about ico printing : $100,000. Lexington will ever be an inter- ; liieverett, Ma^ss. A good grazing Franklin co. town, on high ground, 85 miles W. N. W. from Boston, and 10 S. E. from Greenfield. The town is watered by Roaring brook, a rapid stream, on which is a cascade, and esting place, as here the was shed in the cause of Independence. British soldiers first blood American " A detachment of were sent at day- on the mornina; of the 19th of April, 1775, to take or destroy a quantity of military stores collected lisfht at Concord. They were under the �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. command Pitcairn. a militia of Col. Smith and Maj. On reaching this place, company were exercis- A British olliing on the common. them to ceT- rode up and ordered disperse, but not being instantly obeyed, he discharged his pistol rated, 1827. Population, 1837, 804. short time since a pine tree was cut in Liberty, which measur- A ed 7 feet in diameter, at the stump. The tree It had three branches. was sound, and 10,610 feet of square edged boards were made from it. and ordered his men to fire, which Ijiiuericlc, Me. they did, and eight of the AmeriLittle Ossipee river York CO. The cans fell dead on the spot! It lies 28 miles British waters this tov/n. militia retreated, and the Portland, 85 S. W. from proceeded to Concord, and in part W. from and 15 N. by W. from succeeded in destroying the stores, Augusta, This is a good farming Alfred. but were so harassed on their rewith a pleasant village, and turn, that they would inevitably town, 1812. they not an academy, incorporated in have been cut off, had 1737 strong The town was incorporated in been met at this place by a detachment of artillery under Lord Population, 1837, 1,484. The party suffered exPercy. liiininston, Me. tremely by the tire of the AmeriYork CO. This town is bounded cans, aimed with deadly effect from the S. by Limerick, and is wathe buildings, trees, and fences; on and 65'" 180 tered by Saco river on the S. killed, and had and left 50 W. The town has a good soil, very wounded. The Americans had There is productive of hay, wheat and other killed and 34 wounded. It lies 89 miles S. W. from where the grain. a monument on the spot the Augusta, and 28 W. S. W. from first victims fell, to perpetuate Incorporated, 1762. memory of the slain, and of this Portland. I Population, 1837, 2,223. event.'' liiucolu County, Me. licydeu, Mass. Wiscasset, Topsham and Waris watered Lincoln and several small ren are the county towns. by Green river county is bounded N. by the counstreams. It is 100 miles N. W. from of Kennebec and Waldo, E. Boston, and 7 N. by W. from Green- ties town- by Waldo county and Penobscot It is a mountainous field. bay, S. by the Atlantic ocean, and ship, more fit for grazing than tillCasnumber of sheep in the Vv'. by Cumberland county and The age. Area about 950 square their co bay. town, in 1837, was 3,142; This county is bounded on miles. fleeces weighed 9,326 pounds; valThe town the ocean nearly fifty miles, and ue of the wool, $5,129. county of Hancock in this was incorporated in 1809. Popu- like the state, comprises an almost innumer658. 1837, Franklin co. Leyden lation, in Leyi-^ a romantic spot called " the Glen," a curious den, place, worth looking at. There Liberty, Me. Waldo CO. This town is 29 miles E. from Augusta, and 18 ^Y. S. W. It is watered by from Belfast. large ponds and small streams. The soil is good and produced, in 1837, Incorpo2,022 bushels of wheat. 18* able number of bays, coves, inlets, commodious harbors and fertile isl- The waters of the Musconands. gus, Damariscotta and Shecpscot pierce its centre, and the noble Kennebec finds all its Atlantic harbors in the county of Lincoln. Considerable attention is paid to agriculture, for the suit ; soil j° generally and well adapted to the purbut this county is essentially a fertile �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. maritime section of New England, possessing every requisition for foreign commerce, the coasting trade Uncoln, Tt. Addison co. Lincoln was first by a number of "Friends," in 1790. The town is on high three districts, Bath, Wiscasset and ground with an uneven surface. It Waldohorough, in 1837, was 93,347 lies 21 miles S. W. from Montpetons. This county contained, in lier, and 15 N. E. from Middlebury. 1837, 84,000 sheep, and and The tonnage fisheries. raised 37,- 963 bushels of wheat. Population, 1820, 53,189 1830, 57,181 1837, 60,226 63 inhabitants to a square ; settled of the Population, 1S30, 639. liincolu, Mass. ; : mile. Itiucoln, Penobscot large town, common Me. co. This is a very more than double the size. It lies on the E. side of the Penobscot, at the Matanaucook river, mouth where is of a pleasant and flourishing village, 45 miles N. by E. from Bangor, and 114 N. E. from Augusta. Lincoln has recently been incorporated, and possesses a soil of remarkable fertility. Population, 1830,414; 1837, 1,045. Wheat crop, 1837, 4,263 bushels. I<iucolii, N. H., Middlesex CO. Lincoln is bounded W. by Sudbury river. It lies 16 miles N, W. by W. from Boston, and 3 S. from Concord. Incorporated, 1754. Population, 1837, 694. It has some good farms and a large lish pond. The manufactures of the er, town consist of clothing, leath- straw bonnets, boots and shoes. laiicolnville, Waldo CO. Penobscot Me. the W. side of bay, 10 miles S. from On N. from Camden, and 51 E. from Augusta. Incorporated, 1802. Population, 1837, 1,999.— This township has a good soil for grass, grain and potatoes. Wheat crop of 1837, 4,212 bushels. The town is well located for any branch of navigation. Duck Trap is an excellent harbor, and a busy place in the coasting trade. Belfast, 7 Grafton co., a mountainous townN. from Concord.— The middle branch of the Pemigewasset passes through nearly the centre of the town. It has its source in Ferrin's pond, in the S. part of Franconia. There are sevliinneus, Me. eral ponds, viz Bog, Fish and Loon ponds. There are many elevations, Washington co. This town is of which Kinsman's mountain is the source of a branch of the Matthe most considerable. In the N. tawamkeag and of a branch of the part of the town are two large gulfs, Meduxnekeag, flowing into the St. made by an extraordinary discharge John's. It lies 8 miles S. W. from of water from the clouds in 1774. Houlton. Population, 1837, 208. numerous "slips," as they are Wheat crop same year, 2,514 bushcalled, from the mountain are wor- els. Incorporated, 1836. thy of notice. They commence liisboii, Me. near the summit of the mountain, and proceed to its base, forcing a Lincoln CO. Lisbon lies on the passage through all obstructions. E. side of Androscoggin river, and 6 The soil here is poor. Wild ani- miles below Lewiston Falls. There mals, such as bears, raccoons, foxes, are falls in the river at ship 70 miles : ; The this place, sables, otters, deer, &c., are very numerous. Lincoln was granted in 1764, to James Avery and others. Population, 1830, 50. called the "Ten mile falls.'" Lisbon has some manufactures of cotton and wool, a number of saw mills, and is united with Durham by a �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Wheat crop 1837, 3,781 bridge. Population, same year, bushels. It lies 30 miles S. S. W. 2,660. from Augusta, and 22 from Wiscasset. liislbou, W. by N. ted 10 miles S. W. from Gardiner, and the source of some of the Cobbesseecontee waters. Litchfield lies W. from Augusta, and formerly a part of Lincoln Incorporated, 1795. Popcounty. 16 miles S. S. was N. H. 20 miles N. E. Grafton co. from Haverhill, and 90 from ConIt is watered by Amonoosuck river, running through the Avhole extent of the town, and by ulation, 1837, 2,341. Wheat crop, same year, 5,123 bushels. liitclxfield, N. H., It is cord, Hillsborough co., is a small fertownship on the E. bank of tile There several smaller streams. are several ponds, the most noted of which is called Mink pond, lying in the S. part of the town, af- Merrimack river. It is 8 miles E. from Amherst, and 30 S. by E. from Concord. This town has an excel:There are two ferries, lent soil. fording mill seats at its outlet. The soil admits of three divisions; the meadows or intervales on Amonoosuck river, which are generally very productive; the plain land, of a light, thin soil, requiring consid- above. Thornton's, near the meeting house, on the post road from Amherst to Portsmouth; and Read's, 3 miles Litchfield was taken from DunIt was originally 1734. known by the Indian name of JVatticott, and by the English one of stable in manure to make it producand the uplands, of a strong Farm. The settlement deep soil, which afford many good Brentoii's commenced about 1720. is the Blueberry mountain farms. The Hon. Wysemaint Clagett Large quanprincipal elevation. He town. and limestone are closed his life in this tities of iron ore was a native of England, came to Maple sugar is manfound here. country before the revolution ufactured and clover seed is raised this This commenced, and sustained several in considerable quantities. He was attorneyoffices. town was called Concord until 1824. important general under the provincial and Population, 1830, 1,485. state governments, and filled the Ltisbon, Ct. office with dignity and honor. Poptown is 7 ulation, 1830, 505. New London co. This miles N. from Norwich, from which liitcliSeld County, Ct. erable tive ; ' It is waterwas taken in 1786. ed by Quinnebaug and Shetucket it rivers, which unite in the S. part The soil is a gravelof the town. ly and sandy loam, with some allu- This Litchfield, county town. the largest and most elevated county in the state. The surface is parts mountain-^ chiefly a gravelly" loam, under good cultivation, and very productive of butter, cheese, beef and pork. It abounds in iron is hillV an excellent the inhabitants are generally industrious and independent. In that part of the town called Hanover, is a woolen and silk Lisbon is 45 miles S. E. factory. from Hartford. Population, 1830, ore, vial meadow. farming town is : 1,161. liitclifield, Me. An excellent township of land, pleasantly situa- Kennebec co. and The ous. This which in some soil is is extensively manufac- tured. This county contains an area Population, of 885 square miles. 1820, 41,267; 1830, 42,855; containing 48 inhabitants to a square This county is watered by numerous ponds; by the beautiful Ho'usatonick, and by many rivers mile. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. rising in the high grounds. streams give a valuable v/ater The Tom pow- and nourishing manufacturing establishments are found in almost every town. The number of sheep in this county, in 1S37, was 72,832. er, was incorpoi-ated bounded N.by Berkshire county, Mass., E. by HartLitchfield county in 1751. It is New ford and Haven counties, S. the counties of Haven and Fairtield, and W. by the state of New by New York. liitcliileld, Ct. Litchfield co., chief town. This the Indian Bantam, comprising, as it was supposed, ten miles square, was valued at £300 in the year 1718. Bantam was first settled in 1720, and incorporated by its present name in 1724. It was a frontier town for many years, and during the wars between England town, and France was much harassed by the Canadians and Indians. Litchfield is an elevated township, and its surface presents a diversity of and valleys. The soil is a gravelly loam, deep, strong, and admirably adapted for grazing. Great pond is a beautiful sheet of water it comprises an area of 900 acres, and is the lai-gest pond in the state. hills The v/aters of the Naugatuck, Shepung and Bantam give the town a good water power, and manufactuj-es of cotton, wool, ii'on, and other articles are in successful operation on their banks. Li icii field village, on " Litchfield Hiii," was incorporated in 1818. It is a delightful place. It is situated on an elevated plain, surrounded by iu'cj-esling scenery, teu ive prospects. and affords ex- The two prin- each other nearly at ria;ht angles ; they are wide, well shaded, and built upon with great taste and elegance. It lies 30 miles W. from Hartford, and 35 N. W. from New Haven. Population of the town, 1830, 4,458. In the W. part of the town Mount cipal streets cross rears a front of 700 feet ahovo the Naugatuck, presenting a panoramic landscape of great beauty and Near this mountain vast extent. is a mineral spring " which is satuThe rated with iron and sulphur. water issues from the E. side of the mountain inconsiderable quantities. The mud fi-om the bottom of the spring burns with a blue flame, and the principal part of it consumes." law school of great respectability was established in this town, by the Hon. Tapping Reeve, in 1784. The Hon. James Gould was associated with Judge Reeve, This as inst)-uctor, for some years. A institution continued nearly thirty years, and furnished instruction to many of our most eminent jurists. Oliver Wolcott, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, resided here. He was the son of the Hon. Roger Wolcott. He died December 1, 1797, aged 72. He was distinguished for integrity, decision of character, and for his love of order and religion. Oliver Wolcott, son of tlie born in 1760.— he lent his aid to he was the cause of his country present in the engagement with the British at the time of their invasion preceding, was When a lad of 17, : of Danhury. On the formation of the U. S. Government, in 17S9, he was appointed first auditor of the treasury ; arud in 1794 he succeeded Gen. Hamilton as secretary of the treasury. In 1317 he was elected governor of Connecticut, which ofHe was the fice he held till 1827. last survivor of the administration He died in of Washington. York, June 2d, 1833, aged 74. New Benjamin Tallmage, a colo- nel in the revolutionary army, was a He was an resident of this town. ardent patriot and sincere christian. He was honored with the confidence of Washington in several hazirdHo died ous and important trusts. at Litchfield, March 7, 1835, aged ' 81. • ' �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Ethan Allen, a brigadier-general in the American service, dis- tinguished for his daring and intrepid spirit, was a native of this town. " While he was young, his pa- At rents emigrated to Vermont. the commencement of the disturbances in this territory, about the year 1770, he took a most active part in favor of the Gi-een Mountain boys, as the settlers were then called, in opposition to the government of York. An act of outlawry against him was passed by that state, and 500 guineas were offered for his apprehension but his New : party was too numerous and faithful to permit hira to be disturbed by any apprehensions for his safety. In all the struggles of the day he was successful and he not only proved a valuable friend to those whose cause he had espoused, but ; he was humane and generous towards those with whom he had to contend. When called to take the he showed himself an able leader and an intrepid soldier. " The news of the battle of Lexington determined Col. Allen to engage on the side of his country, and field, inspired him with the desire of demonstrating his attachment to liberty by some bold exploit. While his mind was in this state, a plan for taking Ticonderoga and by Crown Point which was formed by several gentlemen in Connecticut, was communicated to him, and he readily engaged in the project. surprise, Receiving directions from the genassembly of Connecticut to raise the Green Mountain boys, and conduct the enterprise, he collected 230 of the hardy settlers and proceeded to Castleton. Here he was unexpectedly joined by Col. Arnold, who had been commissioned by the Massachusetts committee to raise 400 men, and effect the same object, which was now about to be accomplished. As he had not raised the men, he was admitted to act as an assistant to Col. Allen. They eral reached the lake opposite Ticonderoga on the evening of the 9th of May, 1775. With the utmost difficulty boats were procured, and 83 men were landed near the garrison. The approach of day rendering it dangerous to wait for the rear, it was determined immediately to proceed. The commander in chief now addressed his men, representing that they had been for a number of years a scourge famed to arbitrary power, and and concludpropose to advance before you, and in person conduct you through the wicket gate; and you, who will go with for their valor, ed with saying, ' I now me voluntarily in this desperate attempt, poise your firelocks.' At the head of the centre file he marched instantly to the gate, where a sentry snapped his gun at him, and retreated through the covered way he pressed forward into the fort, and formed his men on the parade in such a manner as to face : two opposite barracks. Three huzawaked the garrison. A sentry, zas who asked quarter, pointed out the apartments of the commanding officer and Allen with a drawn sword over the head of Capt. De la Place, who was undressed, demanded the surrender of the fort. By what authority do you demand it ?' inquired the astonished comm.ander. I demand it (said Allen) in the name of the great Jehovah and of ; ' ' the continental summons could and the congress.' The not be disobeyed, with its very valuable 49 prisoners was immediately surrendered. Crown Point was taken the same day, and the capture of a sloop of war, soon afterwards, made Allen and his brave party complete masters of Lake Champlain." Gen. Allen possessed strong powers of mind, but they never felt the fort, stores and Though influence of education. he was brave, humane and generous, yet his conduct does not seem to have been much influenced by �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. considerations respecting that holy and merciful Being, whose character and whose commands are disclosed to us in the scriptures." Gen. Allen died at Colchester, Feb. 13, 17S9, aged 52. liittle Androscoggin River, In Maine, has its sources in ponds in the towns of Woodstock, Greenwood, and Norway: it passes in a southeasterly direction through Oxford, and falls into the Androscoggin between Minot and Danville, opposite to Lewiston. liittle Conipton, R. I. Newport co. This very pleasant town, the Indian Seacoymet, lies on the ocean, at the eastern entrance into Narraganset bay, 9 miles E. by N. from Newport, 30 S. S. E. from Providence, and 12 S. from Fall River, Mass. The soil of the town is uncommonly fertile, and being cultivated by an industrious class of men, is very productive of corn beef, pork, butand other grain ter, cheese, and wool. Seaconnet Rocks, at the southeastern extremity of the town, where a break-water has been erected by government, is well known to sailors, and memorable as ; the place where a treaty was made between the English and the Queen of the powerful Seaconnet tribe, in That tribe is now extinct: 1674. Seaconnet Mocks is their only mon- ument. Little Compton is becoming cel- ebrated as a place of resort, in summer months, for sea air and bathing; and very justly so, for very few parts of our coast exhibit a more interesting liittle Macliias L.ittle Rivers. See Cutler. liittlcton, N. extending the whole length of Littleton, runs in foaming waves for miles together, which render it impossible to ascend or descend with boats in safety. There are three bridges over the Connecticut in Littleton. Amonoosuck river waters the S. part, having on its banks small The tracts of excellent intervale. principal village is o-n this river, in the S. part of the town, and is called Glynville. Raspberry, Black, Palmer's and Iron mountains are the Near most prominent elevations. Amonoosuck river, there is a mineral spring, the water of which is said to be similar to the Congress spring at Saratoga. The land comprehending Littleton was tirst granted in 17(54, by the name of Chiswick. It w^as re-granted in 1770, by the name of ^/)^/jorf). In 1784, Apthorp was divided, and the towns of Littleton and Dalton incorporated. Population, 1830, 1,435. liittleton, n. Grafton co. On Connecticut rivIts extent on Connecticut river er. It is 30 miles is about 14 miles Mass. Middlesex co. The Indians called this town JVashahah. It is 27 miles W. N. W. from Boston, and Incorpo10 N. W. from Concord. rated, 1715. Population, 1837, 876. There are several beautiful ponds The in the town, and limestone. soil is tolerably good, and adapted for the growth of rye and hops. There are some manufactures of boots, shoes, and straw bonnets. liivermore, Me. Oxford location. «S& N. by E. from Haverhill, and 80 N. N. W. from Concord. Connecticut river, in passing down the rapids called Fifteen Mile FallSf CO. An excellent town- ship of land, on both sides of the Androscoggin river, 25 miles W. from Augusta, and 18 N. E. from Incorporated, 1795. PopParis. ulation, 1830, 2,456; 1837, 2,631. There are three pleasant villages in the town, fine falls on the river, saw mills and other manufactures. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Wheat crop of 1837, 8,472 bush- els. liOiidouderry, N. II> Rockingham co. Adjoining the E. line of the county of Hillsborough. This town contains very little waste land, and it is believed, has as extensive a body of fertile soil as any town in the E. section of the state. It lies 25 miles S. S. E. from Concord, and 35 S. W. from Population, in 1830, Portsmouth. 1,4G9. Londonderry, which formerly included the present town of Derry, was settled in 1719, by a colony of Presbyterians, from the vicinity of the city of Londonderry, in the N. of Ireland, to which place their ancestors had emigrated about a cenThey tury before from Scotland. were apart of 120 families, chiefly from three parishes, who with their New religious instructors came to England in the summer of 1718. In October, 1718, they applied to the government of Massachusetts for the grant of a township, and received assurances that a grant should be made them when they should select a place for its location. After some time spent in viewing the country, they selected the tract afterwards composing the town of Londonderry, at first known by the name of JWitfield. In 1719, sixteen families, accompanied by Rev. James McGregore, one of the clergymen who had emigrated from Ireland with them, took possession of the tract, and on the day of their arrival attended religious services and a sermon under an oak on the east shore of Beaver pond. The inhabitants of Londonderry in 1720, purchased the Indian title, and although it was long a frontier town, were never molested by the Indians. They introduced the culture of the potatoe, a vegetable till then unknown in New England, and the manufacture of linen cloth, which, though long since declined, was for many years a considerable source of their early prosperity. Rev. Matthew Clark, second minister of Londonderry, was a native of Ireland, Avho had in early life been an officer in the army, and distinguished himself ia the defence of the city of Londonderrv, when besieged by the army of King James II. A. b.,16SS-9. He afterwards relinquished a military life for the clerical profession. He possessed a strong mind, mai-ked by a considerable degree of ecHe died January 25, centricity. 1735, and was borne to the grave, at his particular request, by his former companions in arms, of wiiom there were a considerable number among the early settlers of this town several of whom had been made free from toxes throughout the British dominions by King William, for their bravery in that memorable siege. company of 70 men from this town, under the command of Capt. George Reid, were in the battle of Breed's hill, and about the same ; A number were ton, in in that at Benningwhich Capt. David M'Clary, one of their citizens, a distinguished and brave officer, was killed. Major-general John Stark and Col. George Reid, officers of the revolution, this of the army were natives of town. liOiidonderry, Vt. Windham though this co. W^cst river passes town and receives sev- The land on the uplands are good for grazing, except those parts that are mountainFirst settled, 1774. Populaous. tion, 1830, 1,302. It lies 28 miles S. W. from Windsor, and 30 N. E. eral tributaries in the streams is it. rich and fertile ; from Bennington. liOiig Island Soiuid. This inland sea washes the whole southern boundary of Connecticut, and is formed by Long Island, in the �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. of New York. This island extends from Montauk Point, off Stonington, to tlie harbor of New York. Its length is 120 miles. The widest part, 20 miles, is off New Haven; the nariowest parts, on the border of New England, are off the mouth of Connecticut river, about S miles, and off Greenwich, state Saw or Pits, 7 miles. is a narrow — 68 — : to strait of difficult the London harbor, 8--76 : mouth of New — to the mouth — New : — 6—132 ;— to Norwalk, S— 140 to Greenwich, or Saw Pits, 15 15ii :— to Throg's Point, 14—169 :— : — — — Hurl Gate, 6 175 to New York, 8 miles, making the distance from Providence to New York, by water, 183 miles. As : the rail-road from Boston to Albany, although in good progress, is not completed; and as many of our friends at the north visiting the interior of the state of York find it more agreeable to pass New Long and New through the city At half tide the up the Hudson New of York river, rather current runs 7 or 8 miles an hour. It contains numerous whirlpools, is rocky and bears a threatening aspect; but good pilots navigate it with ease when the tide is favorable. Steam-boats press through at Through this times of tide. passage a vast amount of the productions of Connecticut and Rhode Island pass to New York market. survey for a ship canal, uniting these waters and Narraganset bay with Boston harbor, was commenced by the government of the UniFrom a tide ted States in 1827. lock at Braintree, in Boston harbor, to a tide lock at Somerset, Mass., on Taunton river, the distance is 36 all A The summit miles. level at is Randolph, Mass., 1.34 feet above high water mark at Boston. A ship canal in this direction, or one across Cape Cod, at Sandwich, would save many lives, and a vast amount of property. Some of the distances from Providence, and along the northern coast of this Sound, to the city of New York, are here given. From Providence to Newport, 30 miles: 41 to Judith Point, 11 to the mouth of Stonington har- — — : : bor, passage between Islands. — of Connecticut river, 13 89 to the mouth of Haven harbor, 27— 116:— to Stratford Point, 10— 126 to the mouth of Fairfield har- to This Sound, as far as Hurl Gate, is navigable for vessels of any burthen, and the passage to and from the sea round Montauk, is remarkably easy at any time of tide, and in all weather. See Judith Point. Hurl Crate, sometimes called Hell Gate, but properly Horll Gatt, a Dutch term, signifying a whirlpool, bor, 27 York and than cross the country, we think it may be useful to give some of the distances on that noble river, from the city of York to the city of New Troy. Note. — w. denotes zvest side, e. east side. New From 2 miles 8 :— to : — York to Hoboken,w. Manhattanville, e. 6 Fort Lee, w. 2—10 :— to to King'sBridgc,3— 13:— (The Palisadoes, perpendicular cliirs of great elevation, on the west bank of the commence at Hobcken, and extend 20 miles to Tappan bay) to Fort Independence, e. 2 15: to Tarrytown, e. 12—27 :— to Sing Sing, e. 5—32 :— to Stony Point light-house, w. 8 40 to Fort Fayette, Verplanck's Point, e. 1 Dunderburgh Mountain, to 41 (Here w. and Peekskill, e. 2 43 river, — — — : — : — — — celebrated : we enter the justly Highlands, pronounced by every honest Yankee to be equal if not superior to any scenery of the kind in his own country) to St. Anthony's Nose, e. and Foi-ts Montgome46 to ButI'y and Clinton, w. 3 to West termilk Falls, w. 4 50 Point Fort Putnam, w. 2 52: to West Mountain, w. and Cold — — — — — : : — �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. 4 — 5S — Newbui-o-h, — Hamburgh, 7 4 — 72: Poughkeepsie, 68: — Spring, w. 5 e. 61 : to : e. to e. to to Hyde Park, e. 9— SI :— to Lew- is' Landiag, e. and Esopus, w. 5 86: to Kingston Landiag, w. and Rhiiiebeck Landing, e. 4 90 to Upper Red Hook Landing, e. and Ulster, w. 11—101 :— to ^Catskill Landing, w. 9 110: to Hudson, and Athens, w. 6 116:— to e. 124 Cox-sackie Landing, w. 8 127: to Kinderhook Landing, e.3 the to to Ccemans, w. 5 132 141 :^— Overshiugh, (sand bars) 9 144: to Troy,e. to Albany, vv. 3 6 150. The whole distance from Boston to Troy, by this ro.ite, is 357 — — — : — — — — — — — — — : : — miles. At Catskill Landing, visitors to Pine the Catskill mountains stop. Orchard Hotel, a splendid building, This Mountain is 12 miles distant. House is 2,274 feet above the tide few yeai-s ago of the Hudson. this enchanting spot wa::'. a wilderness. A " From this lofty eminence all inequalities of surface are oveilookseemingly endless succesed. farms sion of woods and waters and villager, towns and cities, are spread out as upon a boundless map. Far beyond rise the Taakannuc /nountains, and the highlands of A — Conn ;>.cticut and Massachusetts. To the Ijft, and at a still greater distance, tiie Green mountainsof Vern:ont stretch away to the north, and their blue summits and the blue sky The beautiful mingle together. Hudson, studded with islands, appears narrowed in the distance, with steam-boats almost constantly in sight; while vessels of every description, spreading their white canvas to the breeze, are moving rapidly over its surface, or idly loitering in the calm. These may be traced to the distance of nearly seventy miles with the naked eye and again at times all below is enveloped in dark clouds and rolling ; 19 which, driven about by the is constantly assuming new, wild, and fantastic forms. From the Pine Orchard a ride or walk of a mile or two brings you to the mist, wind, Kauterskill falls. Here the outlet of two small lakes leaps down a perpendicular fall of 130 feet then glides away through a cliannel woi-n in the rock, to a second fall of 80 feet. Below this it is lost in the dark ravine through which it finds its WAj to the valley of the Catskill." — Troy is a beautiful city. It lies on the east side of Hudson river, in the county of Rensselaer, New York, at the head of navigation, and at the junction of the northern and western canals with that noble river. The city is on an elevated plain, regularly laid out the streets are wide and well shaded the buildings are uniformly neat, and many of them in a style of superior elegance. St, Paul's churcii, and the new Presbyterian, are splendid edifices, and di'^^play great taste in their construction. The city of Troy is abundantly : : supplied with excellent water froiu the neighboring hills, at an expense of $150,000. The source of the water is 75 feet above the level of the city. At the corner of every street are hydrants, and a hose placed on these sends the water up higher and with greater force than a fire engine. The squares and private gardens are ornamented with perpetual water fountains. In JVashington Square is an Ital- ian marble fountain, chaste and classic in its construction, in the centre of the city. It sends up the witer ten or fifteen feet, and in its descent resembles the weeping willow This sianificant emblem of purity gives this beautiful square an addi- — tional charm. Two streams, affording immense �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. empty the of the city, and one of them rolls down a beautiful cascade, a short distance from Washington square ; an object worthy of a visit from the curi- water facilities, Hudson within the into limits ous traveler. These streams move the machinery of numerous mills. About a quarter of a mile from the centre of the city, Mount Ida rears its head three or four hundred feet in height, from whose summit every building in the city, 4he windings of the canals and river, the foaming of the Mohawk, and the neighboring towns of Albany, Vfaterford, and Lansingburgh, are Troy in 1821, since which time a commodious building, on a pleasant site, has been erected, 130 feet The number of scholarg by 40. They come varies from 200 to 275. from every state in the union, the Canadas, tiie AVest Indies, and even from Europe, but chiefly from the state of New York and New England. Mrs. Willard's plan of education has received the approbation distinctly seen. of some of the wisest men in Europe. Dr. Combe quotes it, in his essay on education, with unqualified approbation. This institution is conducted almost entirely by females it is, in fact, a female college, and many are the degrees of Troy was incorporated as a vilIt then liad a populage in 1801. Population, 1810, lation of 2,000. In 1S16 it became a city. 3,895. 5,264;" 1825, 1820, Population, usefulness conferred by its learned principal on its numerous and lovely graduates. The institution is incorporated, and it cannot fail of receiving the 7,875; 1830,11,405; 1836,13,000. Troy has risen to its present state of opulence and population by its favorable position for trade, but more especially the enterprize and economical habits of its people. Many of the first settlers of Troy came from New England in humble Some of those who circumstances. thus came have amassed princely fortunes, and acquired a name more recent than gold. valual)le Mayor of the city came from the best wislies May no event occur A east as a day laborer. The late chief magistrate of the justly styled " Empire State," a Nev/ Englander, was found in 1822 soliciting the patronage of the Trojans as an attorney at law. Troy v/as formerly called Vanderheyden, in honor of a worthy Dutchman whose farm comprised the most compact part of : of the community. to m.ar its prosperity and usefulness. The traveler will visit the "Fountain City" again, on his way from Champlain Lake. See Burlington, Vt., in the Register. liOng town male Seminary must not be omitted account of the "FounCity," as it is an institution of rare excellence, conducted by a lady of extraordinary attainments. This school was commenced at in this brief tain co. This is a beauti- on the E. side of Connecticut river, 97 miles S. W. by W. from Boston, 5 S. from Springfield, and 22 N. from HartIncorporated, 1783. Popford, Ct. ful vfith a fine soil, There are several tanneries in the town, and some other njanufactures, but the inhabitants are generally engaged The Indian in cultivating the soil. name of the place was Massacsick. ulation, 1837, 1,251. LiOiig I^afee, the city. A notice of Mrs.Willard's Fe- Meadow, Mass. Hampden Me. This is a sheet of water at the northern part of Piscataquis county, about 15 miles in length and 2 in width, which empties by Namjamskillecook river into Temiscouata lake, the head waters o' Madawas- ka river. It lies about 210 miles N. by E. from Augusta. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. liongPoud, Me. See Bridgeton. ILoudou, IV. K. Soucook river Merrimack co. passes from Gilmanton S. through Loudon, furnishing valuable mill There is some good inprivileges. tervale on its borders. Loudon was originally a part of Canterbury was incorporated, 1773. Loudon lies 7 miles N. E. from Concord. Population, 1830, 1,642. liOvell, Me. Oxford CO. This town embraces Kezer pond, a large sheet of water, and other ponds whose outlet is into Lovell the Saco, at Fryeburgh. lies 10 miles N. fiom Fryebui-gh, 20 W. S. W- from Paris, and 67 W. S. W. from Auiiu:^ta. IncorporaPopulation, 1837, 876. ted, 1800. " In this town are Lovell's Falls, which are an object of great natural curiosity. Where the water makes over into the tremendous babelow, perpendicularly there is a chain of eight ponds, partly in Lovell and partly in Waterford, connected by small natural dams one or two rods in width, through which there are sluiceways, which will admit the passage of a common sail boat. The scenery of the mountains and ascending lands in the vicinity is rural and beautiful." sin 40 feet. it falls Above tlie falls, liO-well, Me. Formerly called Huntressville. Incorporated by its present name in 1838. " See Down Penobscot co. East." liowell, Vt. Orleans co. This town was settled in 1806, and first was called Kelof years. It leyvale for a number lies 36 miles N. from Montpelier, and 10 S. W. from Irasburgh. Population, 1830, 314. This "township is mountainous, and the fountain head of Missisque river. liOivell, Mass. Middlesex co. County town.— This city, tiie American Manchester, is remarkable for the extent of its water power, its rapid growth, and the height to which it has rais- ed the American character, by the perfection of its manufactures. Lowell has risen to eminence by the remai-kable energy and skill of a few individuals ; among whom Patrick T. Jackson, Esq. of Boston, and the late Kirk BooTj Esq. were distinguished. It lies on the S. side of Merri- mack river, below Pawtucket Falls, and at the union of Concord river with the Merrimack. In 1815, the site where the city stands was a wilderness, with the exception of a few lonely dwellings. In 1824, Lowell, then a part of Chelmsford, was incorporated as a town. In 1835, it became a city. Lowell is situated 25 miles N. from Boston, 14 N. N. E. from Concord, 37 N. E. from Worcester, and 38 S. S. E. from Concoid, N. H. Population, 1830, 6,474; 1837, 18,010. The hydraulic power of this place is produced by a canal, of a mile and a half in length, 60 feet in width, and 8 feet in depth, extending from the head of Pawtucket Falls to Concord river. This canal has locks at its outlet into Concord river it also serves for the passage of boats up and down the Merrimack. From this canal, the water is conveyed by lateral canals to various places where it is wanted for use, and then discharged, either into the Merrimack or Concord. The canal is owned by " The Proprietors of the Locks and Canals on Merrimack river." This company was incorporated in 1792, and have a capital of $600,000. They dispose of lauds and mill privileges, and own the machine shop, and carry on the manufacture of machinery. The first cotton mill at this place was erected in 1822. The whole fall of the Merrimack ; �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. this place is 30 feet, and the breadth, and from 4 to 7 stories in quantity of water never falls short height. of 2,000 cubic feet per second, The Locks and Canals Machine and is very rarely so low as that. Shop, included among the 23 mills, This quantity of water is estimated can furnish machinery complete for to carry 283,000 spindles, with all a mill of 5,000 spindles in four the preparatory machiner3\ There months, and lumber and materials is therefore an unimproved water are always at command, with which power at this place sufficient to to build or rebuild a mill in that carry eleven mills of the usual size, time, if required. When building making the whole number of mills mills, the Locks and Canals Com89, when all the water is improved. pany employ directly and indirectTlierc are 10 corporations, with a ly fiom a thousand to twelve huncapital siock of $8,250,000 28 mills dred hands. besides machine shops, print works, There are also in Lowell 10 &c., all warmed in cold weather by powder mills, a tiour mill, glass hot air or steam. works, the Lowell bleachery, flanThere are 150,404 spindles, and nel mills, and manufactoriesof cards, 4,361 looms. There are 51,147,200 whips, planing and reed machines, yards of cloth manufactured per an- boots, shoes; bras?, copper and tin num ; 12,220,000 yards dyed and \vares, carriages, harnesses, iron printed, and 16,161,600 lbs. of cot- castings, &c. &c. the annual proton used annually, besides a large ceeds of which amount to about quantity of wool. $500,000, employing about 2U0 There are annually used in these hands. manufactoiies, 11,000 tons of AnLowell is finely situated in regard thracite coal, 4,810 cords of wood, to health it is surrounded by pleas500,000 bushels of charcoal, 63,489 ant hills and valleys, and seated on gallons of oil, 510,000 pounds of a rapid stream. We aie enabled to starch, and 3,800 barrels of flour state on good authority that 6 of for starch in the print works and the females out of 10 enjoy better bleachery. health than before being employed The number of females employ- in the mills, and that one half of the ed in the mills, is 6,295 number of males derive the same advantage. Total number of Lowell is very handsomely locatmales, 2,047. hands, 8,342. The average wages ed it is laid out into wide streets; of females per week, clear of board, all the buildings are of recent construction, and in a style of neatness is ^'1,75; of males, 80 cents per day, clear of board. The average and elegance. amount of w^ages paid per ^month With regard to the future prosis $106,000. perity of this interesting city, nothThe goods manufactured in these ing need be said to those who know mills consist of sheetings, shirtings, that it was founded, and is princidrillings, calicoes, broadcloths, cas- pally sustained, by the most emisimeres, carpets, rugs, negro cloth nent capitalists of Boston a city machinery for mills, and for en- renowned for its enterprize, wealth, gines and cars for rail-roads. The and public spirit. quality of these goods is generalTo strangers we would say visit ly superior to those imported. The it. It is a pleasant ride of about an annual amount of goods manu- hour from Boston, by the rail-road. factured by these mills is about Foreigners view Lowell with ad$8,000,000. miration and every American who at : ; : : : ; ; ; The mills are built of brick, and are about 157 feet in length, 45 in sees it feels proud that such a city exists on this side of the Atlantic, �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. liubec, Me. Washington es a Lubec compris- co. township of good land, lying at the the surrounding country. Some valuable minerals have been discovered here. northeasterly corner of the and contains a point of land extending easterly on which West liiidloAv, state, Quoddy Head light-house is situated, at the western entrance into Passamaquoddy bay. This place possesses an admirable harbor for vessels of any draught of water it is easy of access and never obstructed by ice. There are also within the town a number of bays, coves, and several islands. Grand Menan stretches off the mouth of the harbor on the E. 5 or 6 miles distant, and Campo Ballo, another English island, lies very near and protects the harbor on the north. This town was taken from Eastport in 1811, and contained 3S0 inhabitants. Population, 1820, 1430; 1S30, 2,081; 1S37, 4,161. Lubec, in common with Eastport, enjoys a very extensive trade with the Bay of Fundy and the great waters of Passamaquoddy bay. The village, or principal place of business, is beautifully located on a point of land jutting out into the ; it makes a fine appearance, commands an active trade, and is harbor ; flourishing in its navigation and fishery. It lies 3 miles S. from Eastport, 30 E. from Machias, 173 E. by N. from Augusta, and 31 S. E. from Calais, at the head of navigation on the St. Croix river. liWdloA^', "Vt. Windsor Black and Williams' town a good water power. It is likewise watered by a number of large ponds well stored with fish. Ludlow w^as first setCO. rivers give this tled in 1784. It lies 61 miles S. from Montpclier, and 18 S. W. from Windsor. Population, 1830, 1,227. The town is mountainous, but contains good land for the grazing of sheep and other cattle. The village is very pleasant, and the centre of considerable trade with 19* Mass. Hampden co. This town lies N. Wilbraham, and is separated from it by Chickopee river. It is 84 miles W. by S. from Boston, and 10 of N. E. from Springfield. Incorporated, 1774. The Chickopee here is a large stream, and adds much to the beauty of the place. There are two cotton mills in the town, and manufactures of palm-leaf hats and ploughs total value, in one year, $160,850. Population, 1837, i,329. : liuuenliurgli, Vt. Essex CO. On the west side of Connecticut river, and watered by Neal's branch and pond, and Catbow branch good mill streams. Some of the land is very good, but the most of it is stony, appearently ; — of diluvial formation, consisting of rounded masses of granite embedded in clay and gravel. This is a good grazing town, and produces some cattle, and butter and cheese for market. First settled about Population, in 1830, 1,054. lies 45 miles E. N. E. from Montpelier, and 8 S. from Guildhall. 1770. Lunenbvirgh liiuieulburgli, Mass. Worcester co. The soil of this town is good, the surface uneven and watered by some branches of Nashua river. Considerable amount of books are printed and bo nd in this town, and there are souie manufactures of palm-leaf hats, cha'rs, cabinet ware, leather, boots and shoes. Lunenburgh is a very pleasant town: 42 miles N. W. from Boston, and 24 N. from Worcester. Incorporated, 1728. Population, 1837, 1,250. York CO. This is a pleasanl �NFAV town, watered by which erapt}'', some ENGLA?.^0 several pomb into the Saco, generally of good soil, but greatly diversified in regard to surface some parts are mountainous and and others iato the Kenusbunk and Mousum. It lies 87 miles S. W. from Augusta, 5 E. from Alfred and 6 N. N. W. from Kennebunk. Pop- rocky, while others are level, with large tracts of salt town Grafton co. On Connecticut rivThis town is 13 miles above Haverhill, 9') miles N. N. W. from Concord. There is one considera- There are several neat villages in the town, a cotton mill,. ham's river has its 2 Lyman's moun- The N, W. branch of Burn- factories, and about 6,000 Lyme was first settled in Incorporated, 1667. It lies 40 miles S. E. from Hartford, and 40 Population, E. from New Haven. Its Indian name was 1830, 4,034. 1664. source fi-om this T!)ere are several poadi in the E. part of Lyman, through the largest of which Burnham's river has its course. The lower bar of the Fifteen Mile falls is in this town. Carleton's falls are several miles below, and below these is JYeh antic. Among the settlers first Matthew Griswold, the was ances- two governors, and of a numerous and highly respected family tor of Stevens' ferry, which communiLyman was with Barnet. granted in 1761. Population, in 1830, 1,321. in the state. A tract of land, once an Indian reservation, was for some time in dispute between the town^5 of Lyme cates T-S, woolen sheep. mountain. Tiyme, is leges. er. tain. The meadow. watered by several streams and ponds, and the shores on the sound and river are indented by small bays and harbors, which afford the town some navigable privi- ulation, 1837, 1,523. ble elevation, called GAZS'TTEE-R. and New London. It was finally agreed to settle their respective titles to the land in contioversy, by a combat between t\v j champions, to be chosen by each for that purpose. The combatants were chosen, and on a day mutually appointed, the champions appeared in the field, and fought with their fists till victory declared in favor of each of the Lyme combatants. Lyme then qui- 11. Grafton co. Thi (own is 6 miles from Orford, and 54 N. W. froin Concord. The soil h-ere is similar to that of other (owns on Connecticut river, with this difference, that there is a less proportion of intervale, and a less difference betv/een that directly adjoining the river and the other parts of the town. There are three small streams passing ^ S. etly took possession of the contro- through Lyme and emptying into Connecticut river. There are two verted tract, and has held it undisputed, to the present day. Deacon Marvin, a large land holder and an exemplary man, was exceedingly eccentric in some of His courtship, it is his notions. Having one said, was as follows: day mounted his horse, with only a sheep skin for a saddle, he rode in front of the house where Betty Lee small ponds, the largest of which is called Ports pond. There is a mountain, called Smart's mountain, lying in the N. E. part of the town. Lyme was granted 1761. The town was settled 1764. Population, in 1830, 1,804. — Xiymc, Ct. lived, and without dismounting re- New London co. Lyme is situ- quested Betty to come to him; on ated at the mouth of Connecticut her coming, he told her that the river, on the east side, opposite to Lord had sent him there to marry ] Saybi'ook. It ia ^ pleasa&t town. her, Betty, without much hesi- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. tation, replied. The Lord's will be , sumpsic and some of its tributaries. Two done. The following is on the Deacon's monument in the grave yai-d, dated, October 18, 1737. This Deacon aged 68 on earth from serving May for a crown no lont^er wait Lyme's Captain Reynold Marvin. : Is freed liyiideborougli, N. H. Hillsborough co. This town is 10 miles W. N. W. from Amherst, and 35 S. S. W. from Concord. It is an elevated township, having a con-iderahle mountain which divides it from E. to W. There is, in the N. E. part of the town, below the mountain, a plain, where there is a small village, pleasantly situatThe ed near Piscataquog river. important falls of that river are in the town, one of 65 feet in the distance of 30 rods the other ; of 18 feet. These are called Great and Little Falls, and afford a water power of great extent. Agaric mineral, used for chalk, and a good substitute for Spanish white, is found here. The principal village is very pleasant and the seat of considerable business. The scenery about the town esting. is picturesque and interis probably no inte- There town in the state that contains more valuable water privileges than Lyndon. rior Ijynii, Mass. Essex CO. Lynn is one of the most flourishing and beautiful towns in the state. soil of this town, though stony, is It lies on a plain, surdeep and strong. For grazing it is, rounded by rising ground, except perhaps not exceeded by any town on the east, where it opens to Lynn The streams are bay, embracing the romantic penin the county. small, originating principally from insula of JSTahant, with its beautisources in the town, and running ful beach, and Phillips' Point, both highly esteemed resorts for all classN. and S. from the mountain. Lyndeborough was originally grant- es of people; the sick, the serious, ed in 1690. In 1758, Benjamin and the gay. The soil of the town Lynde, Esq. of Salem, purchased a is fertile and well cultivated. It is cou'iiderable part of the township, watered by the river Saugus, the The and adjoining lands. From him, Indian name of the place. the place, when it was incoiporated town is neatly built on wide and pleasant streets, and contains a popin 1764, took trie name of LyndeboIt lies 9 ulation of about 10,000. rough. It was settled as early as 1750. On the 15th of Nov., 1809, miles N. E. from Boston, and 5 S. three children were burnt in a barn, W. from Salem. Lynn has risen to wealth and while their parents were attending importance by the enterprise and an installation at IVIont Vernon. — Population, in 1S30, 1,117. liyndoii, Vt. Caledonia co. First settled, 1783. 34 miles N. E. from Montpelier, and 10 N. N. E. from Danville. Population, 1S30, 1,822. Lyndon is one of the best townships in the state its surface is undulating, with a soil of rich loam, free from stone, easy to cultivate, and very productive of wool, cattle, pork, butter and cheese. It is admirably well watered by the PasIt lies : people, in the manushoes, particularly for which, more than any other town in the country, it is justly celebrated. The manufacture of ladies' shoes was commenced here before the revolutionary war, and it is curious to observe the great changes that have occurred in the fashion industry of facture its of and manufacture of that article. " In olden times," says the buryport Herald, "ladies' Newshoes were made in Lynn of common woolen cloth, or coarse curried �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. leather; afterwards of stuffs such as cassimere, everlastinp;, shalloon and russet some of satin and damaskjOthers of satin lasting and florentine. They were generally cut with straps, for large buckles, which were worn in those days by women as well as men. Ladies' shoes, 70 years ago, were made mostly with white and russet rands, and stitched very fine on the rand with white-waxed thread. Some were made turn pumps and channel ; making, which was once a good business, was totally ruined." Li the year ending April 1, 1837, there were manufactured in Lynn 2,543,929 pairs of shoes, and 2,220 pairs of boots, valued at ^1,689,793. In this manufacture, 2,631 males and 2,554 females were employed ; until the heel total number, 5,185. During that time the manufacture of vessels, cordage, tin ware, oil casks, morocco leather and shoe boxes amounted pumps, all having wooden heels, to $188,409. During the same pecalled cross-cut, cot7imon,3.nd court riod there were 5 vessels employed heels. Then the cork, plug, and in the whale and 14 in the cod and wedge or spring heels, came into mackerel fishery. Besides this, use. The sole-leather was all 4,608,000 pounds of cod, haddock, worked v.fith the flesh side out. halibut and other fish were tak" Previous to the war of the revo- en in boats and sold fresh. The tolution, the market for Lynn shoes tal value of the fisheries amounted was principally confined to New to ^170,320. Total value of the England some few, however, manufactures and fisheries of Lynn, were exported to Philadelphia. in one year, $2,048,522. Lynn Many individuals with small capi- was first settled in 1629 Incorpotal carried on the business in their rated, 1637. own families. Fathers, sons, apliysmiield, Mass. prentices, and one or two journeymen, all in one small shop, with a Essex CO. The surface of this chimney in one corner, formed the tov/n is uneven, and the soil rather whole establishment. hard and unproductive. It contains "After the revolution, the business some good farms, a number of pleasassumed a different aspect. Enter- ant ponds, and is watered by Ipsprising individuals embarked in the wich river on the north. There is business in good earnest; hired a woolen mill in the town, and manufactures of bar iron, ploughs, boots a great number of journeymen built large shops, took apprentices, and shoes ; annual value about 1782.— and drove the business. Incorporated, Master $50,000. workmen shipped their shoes to Population, 1837, 674. Lynnfield the south, so that Lynn shoes took is 12 miles N. from Boston, and 9 the place of English and other im- W. by N. from Salem. ported shoes. Morocco and kid ; Macliias Rivers began be imported from England, which leather, suitable for shoes, to soon took the place of stuffs. Roan shoes were now little called for and the improvement of working the sole-leather grain side out, was now generally adopted, making what is called dvff bottoms. About the year 1794, wooden heels began to go out of use, by the introduction of leather spring heels. This improvement progressed gradually, The river in and Bay, Me. Washington County formed of two branches, which receive their head waters from several ponds, at the distance of about 40 miles, in a N. W. direction. The eastern branch passes through These branches East Machias. unite near the line of Machias and Machias Port, and in their course produce a great and valuable hydraulic power. is �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Machias and Little Machias riv- Penobscot countj^ are important tributaries to the Aroostook. Their course is easterly, and their mouths meet near each other about 30 miles W. N. W. from Mars Hill. Machias Bay sets up from the sea about 10 miles and meets Machias Port. This bay is 4 oi- 5 miles in width at its mouth, and contains in its bosom several coves, harbors, and beautiful islands: Cross island ers, in lying at its mouth the largest, is being about 3 miles by 2. MacSiias, Me. Washington co. County town. This was a famous lodgement of the Indians. First settled, 1782. was incorporated the first PenoS in 17S4, corporate It and was town between Croix rivers. It compri-ed East Machias cot anil St. formerly The village is Port. the east side of the west branch, and near the mouth of Middle river. It contains the county buihiing, numerous saw mills, and has an extensive trade, particularly in lumber. Machias lies 143 miles E. N. E. from Augusta. Population, 1837, 1,239. this is a pleasant and interesting town. anil Machias situated on Macliias Poi't, Ble. Washington Incorporated co. 3 S. from Machias. 1837, 821. Mailainiscontis River, Me., Rises in a large pond, and empties, from the N. W. into Penobscot river, about 45 miles above Bangor. MadaAvaslia River, Me. This river is in the county of Penobscot, and is the outlet of Temiscouata lake, and other large bodies of water in the northern part of the county bordering on the line of Lower Canada. This river and these lakes, with their numerous tributaries, water a country of great extent, and which is said to equal any country in the world in fertility, even the luxuriant prairies of the " boundless west." The course of these waters is N. W. and traverse a distance of more than 100 miles. From the mouth of Madawaska into the St. John's to Augusta is about 240 miles N. N. E. Madawaska, Me. Washington and state miles E. N. E. from Augusta, ?nd by Dover, It is : — co. This town was incorporated in lS31,and comprises the territory marked F. and K. on Greenleaf's map. It is bounded E. by the British Province of New Brunswick, N. near the passage of St. John's, across the line of the the southern part of Old Machias, and extends northward to the union of the branches of Machias river. It has a great number of mills, and is very extensively engaged in the lumber trade. It is a port of entry an it has excellent harbor, and considerable navigation in the coasting and fishing business. The tonnage of the district in 1837, was 8,360 tons. In this part of Old Machias the Plymouth Colony established a trading house in 1630. It was subsequently occupied by the French for several years. Machias Port lies 146 in 1826. Population, ; W. and fertile territory S. by a vast and between the Aroos- took and St. John's rivers ; at present but thinly inhabited. This town was the place where the land agents of Maine were taken, by order of the British government, and imprisoned at Frederickton, N. B. In 1837, Madawaska was supposed to contain a population of 2,487. It about 220 miles N. E. by N. from Augusta, and 130 N. W. from Frederickton, N. B. lies Madlbiiry, N. H., Strafford co., S. is bounded N. E. W. by Durham and �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Lee, N. W. by Barrington. The About of this town is generally productive. In some parts of the town, bog iron ore has been dug up in considerable quantities, and in some instances red and yellow ochre. Bellamay bank river is the only stream of any magnitude, and Barbadoes pond the only considerable body of water. This pond lies besoil tween Dover and Madbury, and is 120 rods long, 50 wide. Madbury formerly constituted a part of the ancient town of Dover; but was set off and incorporated May 31, 1755, by its present name. Population, in 1S30, 510. Madison, Me. Somerset co. This township lies on the E. side of Kennebec river, 34 miles N. from Augusta and bounded S. by Norridgewock. It was incorporated in 1804. Population, 1830, 1,272 is ; 1837, 1,608. It watered by a beautiful pond, the outlet of which is at Skowhegan. There are three pleasant villages in the people are generalthe town : — husbandmen. The best compliment that can be paid to the soil is, ly it produced, without any extraordinary effort, 10,188 bushels of wheat, in 1837. that Madison, what Point. by S. is called Hammonasset This town lies IS miles E. from New Haven, and 33 S. from Hartford. Population, 1830, The soil of the town is 1,809. stony, and naturally hard to cultivate ; but it is made quite productive of corn, rye and potatoes by the use of white fish, ploughed in. These fish appear in the sound about the 1st of June, and continue 3 or 4 months. They are taken in great quantities and are considered an excellent manure. They were suit. The Hon. Thomas ChitteivD^N, for many years governor of Vermont, and his brother Ebene- ZER Chitteivden, a gentleman of great mechanical genius, were The former natives of this town. was born in 1730, and died in 1797. The following is the inscription on a monument in the grave yard, in memory of an old sea captain. Though Boreas' blasts and Neptune's waves Have toss'd me to and fro, In spite of both by God's decree I harbor here below, Where I do at anchor ride With many of our fleet j Yet once again I must set sail Our Admiral, Christ, to meet. Mad Rivers. Mad River in JV. H., rises the mountains in the N. E. part of Grafton county ; it crosses the S. E. part of Thornton and falls into the Pemigewasset at Campton. River, Vt. rapid stream, rises in the high lands S. of Warren, and after passing through Waitsfield, it falls into Onion river at Moretown. among A Mad €t. New Haven co. This town was taken from Guilford in 1826. It lies on Long Island Sound, and embraces 10,000 of these fish are considered a good dressing for an acre of land. This place has a small harbor and some navigation. Ship building is the most important mechanical pur- Madrid, Me. Franklin co. This township was incorporated in 1836. It is watered by some of the head branches of Sandy river and contains a part of Saddleback mountain. The soil is excellent and yielded, in 1837, 3,387 bushels of wheat. PopulaIt lies 25 tion same year, 351. miles N. W, from Farmington and about 105 N. W. from Augusta. Maduiiliccunk liiver. Me. first thus used about the year 1798. Penobscot co. A tributary of �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. the Penobscot on the W. side, about 6 miles above the Madamiscontis. a pleasant pond and by Paul's stream. It has some good land, but most of it is poor. First settled, Slaidstoiie, Vt. 1770. Population, 1S30, 236. It Essex CO. This mountainous lies 54 miles N. E. from Montpelier, township lies on the W. side of and 8 N. from Guildhall Connecticut rivei- : it is watered by MAINE. This State was originally granted by James I. to the Plymoufh Compawas transferred to Mason and Gorges in 1624 This grant comprised all the territory between Merrimack river and Sagadahock. The territory was afterwards purchased by Massachusetts for ny, in 1606, by d£l,250, who whom it obtained a confirmalioa of the charter in 1691, with the ad- Maine and Kova dition of the residue of called the Province of This state, New a what is now formerly the District of Maine, became independent of By Massachusetts in 1S20. vested in Scotia, including Brunswick. the Constitution, the legislative power 13 Senate and House of Representatives, elected annually by the people, on the second ators cannot Monday in September. be less than 20, nor more than 31. The number of SenThe number of Repre- No town more than 200. more than seven Representatives. sentatives cannot be less tlian 100, nor Is entitled to The executive power is vested in a Governor, who is or city chosen annually �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. — His ofBcial term by the people, on the second Monday in September commences on the first Wednesday in Januar5^ The Legislature meets at Augusta, on the first Wednesday in January, annually, on which day seven Counsellors are elected, by joint bal: both Houses, lot of The Governor to advise the in his executive duties. Supreme Judicial Court, may, from time to time, establish. The Judges are appointed by the Governor and Council, and hold their oiilces during good behavior, but not beyond the age of 70 years. The state of Maine is bounded northv/est and north by Lower Canada, east by New Brunswick, south by the Atlantic ocean, and west by New Hampshire. It is situated between 43° 5', and 4S° 3' N. lat. and 70° judicial power of the and such other courts 55', and 6Q^ 47' The W. state is vested in a as the Legislature Ion. It contains surface of the state is an area of about 33,000 square diversified by hills A and valleys. railes. on tract the west side cast of the white mountains, and a part of the north bound- ary est is The high- mountainous, though not of extraordinary elevations. mountains The range lie in detached groups, but they are not numerous. which of high land crosses Vermont and New Hampsiiii-e, enters the northwest corner of Maine, passing round Chaudiere river and the head waters of Megantic lake, parallel with the St. Lawrence in Canada, and running nearly river, at the distance of about twenty miles, terminates on tiie gulph of St. Lawrence, near Cape Rosier. This is the " Height of Land" or the " North East Ridge," spoken of in the treaty of 1733, between Great Britain and the United States, and which was never called in question until 1814, when the British plenipotentiaries at Ghent proposed to the American Commissioners to discuss and revise the boundary, so as They to prevent future uncertainty and dispute. between Quebe-c Americans to demand an equivalent. This proposition was refused by the Americans, on the ground that there was stated that they desired a direct com.municaiion and Halifax, and left it to no question in regard the to the limits of their territory. ritory," so called, includes The " disputed ter- most of the country north of latitude 46°, in- New Hampshire, and most of that large and valuable portion of ]Maine watered by the Madawaska, St. John's, Y/alloostook, cluding a part of Aroostook, and other rivers. This question involves nearlj'' the territory of the state. In the 2d article of that treaty are the follov/ing words all : a third part of — " Jlnd tJuit disputes which might arise in future, on the subject of boundaries of the United Slates, may he prevented, it is hereby agreed and declared that the following are, and shall be, their boundaries, viz from the t northwest angle of A^ova Szotia, (New that angle which is formed by a line drawn due north from the source of St. Croix Brunswick) viz : �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. along the said highlands which divide those rivriver St. Lawrence from those which ers that empty themselves into the the northwesternmosthead of the Connecfall into the Atlantic ocean, to river to the highlands ; ticut river." " Our commissioners at Ghent, having successfully resisted every attempt agreed upon an article with the British for the dismemberment of Maine, treaty boundary, commissioners, not to revise or to change the ancient ground that very boundary, without but to run and estoblish upon the any alteration, and to ascertain "the northwest angle the fifth in Nova Scotia;" Under it, of the treaty. place of beginning. This article is These commissioners disagreed. each party appointed^ a commissioner. to the King of the According to the treaty, the question was then referred rejected by the United States, Netherlands, as umpire, whose award was according to the because it did not even profess to decide the controversy compromise, by a division of the terms af the submission, but proposed a its Great Britian has also since anat the end of more nounced her abandonment of this award; and now, treaty of 1783, the quesof the than half a century after the conclusion involve the two nations in only remains unsettled, but threatens to tion not disputed territory between the parties. a dangerous dispute. " The northwest angle of Nova Scotia was a well known point, capa- since the proclamation of 1763, by ble of being easily ascertained, ever source of the St. Croix, to insimply running a due north line from the Province of Quebec, which consists of tersect the southern line of the extremity of the bay of Chaleur, the highlands running from the western those rivers that empty head of Connecticut river, and dividing to the themselves into the river St. Lawrence from those which fall in o the of nature, that these highlands, It is certain as the laws Atlantic ocean. be do flow in opposite directions, can from tvhich we know that streams found on the face of the country. upon the assump" The whole argument of the British government rests the Atlantic ocean, beinto is not a river falling tion that the St. John's the Bay of Fundy mouth in the Bay of Fundy. What is cause it has its bay is a mere opening of of the Atlantic ocean ? if it be not a part of the uniformity of into the land-a mere interruption the main ocean portions of the ocean These indentation of water. the sea coast by an A solely to distinguish them fi-om the have received the name of bays, Would it not be the they belong. remainder of the vast deep to which of Naples was not a porthat the bay merest special pleading to contend part of or that the tion of the Mediterranean, Bay of Biscay was not the Atlantic ocean ? which " Again, the description of the treatv U. " nvers 20 a into the fall intn tK«» �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Atlantic ocean." Can it be said, with any propriety, that a river does into the Atlantic, because in reaching the main ocean it may pass through a bay ? And yet this is the British argument. not fall The Dela- ware does not fall into the Atlantic, because it flows into it through the bay of Delaware; and, for the same reason, the St. John's does not fall into the Atlantic, because it flows into it through the bay of Fundy." It is ardently wished that this perplexing controversy may soon be amicably settled between two friendly powers, whose interests are so closely united. This will probably be the event. dicate her rights, and the Maine is Maine is whole country stands ready determined to sustain to vin- them. divided into the twelve following counties: York, land, Lincoln, CumberKennebec, Waldo, Hancock, Oxford, Somerset, Penobscot, Washington, Franklin, and Piscataquis. Succession of Governors. William King, 1820. Albion K. Parris, 1821—1825. E. Lincoln, 1826—1829. Jonathan G. Hunton, 1830. Samuel E. Smith, 1831— 1833. Robert P. Dunlap, 1834—1837. Edward Kent, 1838. John Fairfield, 1839— Succession of Chief Justices. Prentiss Mellen, 1820—1834. The soil of Maine is various. Nathan Weston, 18-34— For some miles from the sea coast rocky, sandy or clayey, with some least productive part of the state. fertile portions Advancing ; generally this is it is the into the interior, the soil increases in fertility. The average quality of the soil is considered to be not superior to any other portion of New England. In some parts it is not exceeded in fertility by any section of the Union. Some of the most fertile parts of Maine are now almost a wilderness. The ability of the soil of Maine to furnish an ample supply of bread stuffs, was fully tested in 1837, by the production of more than a million bushels of wheat, besides vast quantities of rye and corn. equal if The natural productions in the state, already known to exist in exhaustless quantities, are pine and hemlock timber granite, slate, lime, ; iron, and all the materials in the composition of glass. Of the first report of the learned and indefatigable Dr. Jackson, on the geology of Maine, the celebrated professor Silliman thus speaks : " Maine country chiefly of primary rocks, with a large division of those of transition, and towards New Brunswick it has an important region of the lower secondary. Every where it has alluvial and diluvial deposits, and vast igneous formations, not only in tlie interior, but formis a �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEEK. part of an «m oeean surge along a consnlerablo in. a barrier against the and estuar.es almost beyond Jnse sea coast, indented as it is by bays gneiss, formations of Mame, are granite, example. Among the mineral slate and alum slates, including roofing mier od talcose: and other and brecc.ated limestone and marble, sandstones e- "so, soaps one, greenstone jasper, including the beautiful iocks'o many varieties; numerous and The trap dykes are porphyry. tap and its varieties, and rocks and proc«t through most of the other " exceedingly distinct: They toad.those peculiar effects, which duceu on them, most distinctly, is gre tly Scientific geology igneous origin. monst -ation prove their """' '"" ""^^""""""' rdebtel 'o *- -"«y '°' ^°"<' "' "'^ lu'"e d lu deposits, the boulders and diluvial „ thi head while the inherent in and shells now adhering to fur-ows n the rocks, the sea twenty-six coast, although elevated rl-swhrd once formed the sea other topics spnng at Luhec, and many ;::ta:ove ;.,:::: hoard. . ..n ™-' ; 1 geology. niimtrate other parts of scientific of the in re^i his subject, as wel, as en'irel/master of '"d 'jac remarkable for and his report is sciences of mineralogy and chemistry, style.' and its attractive ^ itc, lucid clearness . j k„ oil,, . The <'^cn great nvers, St. ^^°^'; interior, give ^^^^^.^^ i.^cing tributaries piei^i 5 the with their numerous nvei^, aiA P^" "^^ the state, afford a water The celebrated John Sm'th made to the rrv^ooA pvtpnt and usefulness. to settle u an :l„essful attempt ^f ^^ lfthr:.ls::rr rs'Llttth! P,ymo:. co.ony, at V„rk. ^^ ;^^^-z::s^:i^ -. ofCmerce, --;;----Lir: ::2 wool %rfirst settlers '^ of in. the soil for its Re sister. ultimate staples, ^heat, beef, and �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Maiden, Mass. of Londonderry, a part of Chester, Middlesex co. A bridge over and a tract of land called HarryMystic river, 2,420 feet in length, town, and incorporated Sept. 3, connects this town with Charies- 1751, by the name of Derryfield. town. It lies 5 miles N. from Bos- This name it retained until 1810, ton, and 16 E, by S. from Concord. when it was changed to ManchesFirst settled, 1648. Incorporated, ter, by an act of the legislature. 1649. Population, 1830, 2,010; 1837, 2,303. It contains a large ti-act of salt meadow, and considerable timber. The uplands are rough and uneven. The manufac- tures of Maiden consist of leather, boots, shoes, block tin, tin ware' twine, lasts, and manufactures of and dye-wood total amount, year ending April 1, 1S37, $351,160. iron the : The Hillsborough 11., general Johivt had his residence in this town, where he died May 8, 1322, at the great age of 93 years 8 months and 24 days. He was born at Londonderry, August 28, 1723; was taken prisoner by the Indians, while hunting near Baker's river, Rumney, April 23, 1752. In 1775, he was appointed a c-olonel of one of the three regiments raised in in Mancliester, N. venerable Stark New Hampshire ; was engaged on the heights of ChaHestown, June 17, 1775 was at the battle of Trenton, in 1776; captured Col. Baum and 1,000 of the British at Bennington, August 16, 1777. This event, in the language of president Jefferson, was « the first link in the chain ; co., lies on the east Merrimack river, by which it is bounded on the W. for 8 miles; on the N. and E. it is bounded by Chester, S. by Londonderry and Litchfield. There are several of successes which issued in the streams which have their origin in surrender of Saratoga." He was this town, and which discharge soon after appointed side of themselves into the Merrimack. Cohass brook, issuing from Massabesick pond, is the largest. It receives two other small streams from the S., and empties itself at the S. W. angle of the town. Massabesick is a large pond, at the E. side of the town, and partly within its limits. There are several smaller ponds. The soil of a considerable part of the town is light and sandy. The intervales on the river are easy af cultivation, and productive. a brigadier- general of the United States army, and, at the time of his death, was the only surviving American general officer of the revolution. ulation, 1830, 887. Pop- Mancliester, Vt. Bennington co. One of the county towns. Situated between the Green mountains on the E.,and Equinox mountain on the W. The latter is 3,706 feet above the sea. There are two neat valley; villages in this the county buildings are by Amoskeag falls is in the south village. The scenein this town, and was projected and ry here is very beautiful. The constructed by the ingenuity and town is watered by the Battenkill perseverance of the late Samuel and its branches, and affords good The canal Blodget, Esq. At these falls are the works of the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, where the foundations of another Lowell are being The water power is immense. This town was formed of a part laid. null sites. The soil along the wa- ter courses is good, but the principal part of the town is better for grazing than tillage. Here are large quarries of beautiful marble, some manufactures, a curious cavern, and about 6,000 sheep. Man- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Chester lies 22 miles N. by E. from Bennington, and about 40 W. from Bellows Falls, across the mounFirst settled, 1764. Poputains. lation, 1830, 1,525. Manchester, Mass. This is a flourishing Essex CO. town on Massachusetts bay, 26 miles N. E. from Boston, and 5 It was S. W. from Gloucester. Poputaken from Salem in 1645. There are a lation, 1837, 1,.346. fishing number of vessels belonging to the town employed in the fishing and The value of coasting business. the fishery, the year ending April 1, 1837, amounted to $12,800. The value of the articles manufactur- ed was $96,473. Those articles consisted of vessels, boots, shoes, leather, chairs, cabinet ware, palmThe leaf hats, and ships' wheels. village is very pleasant, and comAlthough mands fine prospects. Manchester is a rocky, rough township, it can boast a rare native production in this climate, the magnolia, a beautiful flowerirg — tree. Maucliester, Ct. Hartford co. An important manufacturing town on the Hockanum, a valuable mill stream, 10 miles E. The first cotton from Hartford. mill in this state was built here in There are three pleasant 1794. villages, six or seven paper mills, tvio powder mills, woolen and other The face of the manufactures. town is uneven, but the soil, a sandy .ind gravelly loam, is quite producIt was called Orford, a partive. ish in East Hartford, until its incor- poration, in 1830, 1,576. 1823. Population, Manliegin Island, Me. This island lies off Muscongus There is a bay, Lincoln county. light-house on it, the tower of which It bears S. from is 30 feet high. 20* the mouth of St. George's river, about 12 miles. Mansfield, Vt. Lamoille co. There is some good land in this town, on Brown's river and the branches of Waterbury river, but in general it is too mountainous even for grazing. It lies 20 miles N. W. from Montpelier, 20 E. by N. from Burlington, and 13 S. W. from Hyde Park.— Population, 1830, 279. tled, 1799. First set- Mansfield Mountains extend through the town of Mansfield from N.toS. They belong to the Green mountain range, and the nose and chin, so called, from their resemblance to the face of a man lying on his back, exhibits some of the loftiest summits in the state. The nose is 3,933 feet above tide water the chin, 4,279. Mansfield, Mass. Bristol CO. This town lies 26 miles S. S. W. from Boston, 18 N. E. from Providence, and 11 N. N. W. from Taunton. It was taken from Norton in 1770, and is watered by several branches of Taunton rivThe soil is thin and the surer. face level. Population, 1837, 1,444. There are 6 cotton and 1 woolen mills in the town, and 2 nail factoThe manufactures consist of ries. cotton and woolen goods, nails, straw bonnets, palm-leaf hats, and total annual amount, about baskets : $110,000. A mine of anthracite coal was discovered in this town a few years since, near the Boston and Providence rail road, Avhich promises to be of inestimable value to the community. It was discovered in digging a well. An incorporated company has purchased the right of mining on that and several adjoining farms. They sunk a shaft which struck a vein five feet in thickness, at the depth of 20 feet, running N. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. to the N. was continued E. and S.W., and dipping W. The 52°. shaft 44 feet further, to another vein, which exceeded 5 feet in thickness, and which afforded coal of a better quaUty than that found above. Subsequent operations have shown that the veins are numerous, and the quantity inexhaustible. The coal is of an excellent quality, more easily broken than the Pennsylvanian, and has less polish on its surface. Mausfield, Ct. Tolland co. Mansfield, the Indian JYawhesetuck, was taken from Windham in 1703. It lies 27 miles E. from Hartford, 12 S. E. from Tolland, and 19 N. N. W. from Norwich. Population, 1830, 2,661.— The face of the town is uneven, and town two cotton factories. Screw augers and steelyards are are in the manufactured here. Marbleliead, Mass. Essex CO. This is a noted fishing town, on a rocky point of land extending into Massachusetts bay, with a hardy and intrepid crew of fishermen and sailors. The harbor is commodious and easy of access. The quantity of fish exported from this place in 1794 amounted to $184,532. Since that time the fishing business has greatly increased, and this place has now become one of the largest fishing ports on the American coast. There belong to place from 90 to 100 sail of fishing, coasting and merchant vessels. Tonnage of the district, in some of the hills have considerable 1837, 10,037. First settled, 1631. Population, The town is watered by Incorporated, 1649. elevation. It lies 14 miles N. E. AVillimantic river, and the Nat- 1837, 5,549. chaug and its tributaries Mount from Boston, and 4 S. E. from Salem. The value of the cod and Hope and Fenton. larger quantity of silk is man- mackerel fishery the year ending ufactured here than in any other April 1, 1837, was $153,487; emThis ploying 500 hands. The manufacplace in the United States. branch o-f industry was introduced tures of Marblehead, the same The into the country by Dr. Aspinwall, year, amounted to $398,565. of this place, above seventy years articles manufactured consisted of since, who established the raising boots, shoes, bar iron, chairs, cabiof silk worms in New Haven, Long- net and tin wares, vessels, soap, This is a Island and Philadelphia. At this pe- glue, cards and wheels. riod half an ounce of mulberry seed romantic place ; nearly allied to its only 6 miles was sent to every parish in Con- neighbor, Nahant necticut, and the legislature for a across the bay. this — A ; time offered a bounty on mulberry 265 lbs. were trees and raw silk raised in 1793, and the quantity has been increasing ever since. In 1830, 3,200 lbs. were raised. Two small silk factories have been established in this town by an English manufacturer, with swifts for winding hard silk ; 32 spindles for doubling ; seven dozens of spindles for throwing 32 spindles for soft silk winding and 2 broad and one fringe — Margalla^vay River, K". II., : ; ; silk and There is machinery keep 30 broad silk looms hands in operation. There looms. enough to fifty Has its source among the high- which separate Maine from Low^er Canada, in the N. E. extremity of New Hampshire, about 30 miles N. from Errol. After a S. lands course of nearly 20 miles on the western border of Maine, it enters New Hampshire at the S. E. part of the 2d grant to Dartmouth college, where it forms a junction with the united streams of Dead and Diamond rivers. Thence, after a S. course of about 6 miles to Errol, it �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. receives the lake. After Stream is waters of Umbagog junction the main this the Androscoggin river. Mariaville, Me. Hancock co. This is a townsnip of good land, finely located on the E. side of Union river, 8 miles N. by E. from Ellsworth, and 89 E. N. E. from Augusta, This town has an extensive water power and many saw mills. 1836. It was incorporated in Population, 1837, 257. by Whiting, Population, 245. See " Down Incorporated, 1S34. East." Marlborongli, N. IT., bounded N. by Roxbury, E. by Dublin and Jaffrey, S. by Troy, W. by Swanzey and It is 6 miles S. E, part of Keene. from Keene, and 55 S. W. from Concord, There are several ponds which are the sources of some of the branches of Ashuelot river. The co., is rocky, but good for grazwas granted, 1751. The first settlement commenced about 1760. Incorporated Dec. 13, 1776. Population, in 1830, 822. soil is ing. Marlborough Marlboroiigli, Vt. Windham co. First settled, 1763. 8 miles S. from Newfane, and 21 E. from Bennington, Population, 1830, 1,218, Mrs. Whittemore, the wife of one of the first settlers, spent the winter of 1764-5 in this then wilderness, alone, her husband being absent in the pursuit During of his calling, as a tinker. It years, officiated as midwife at more than 2,000 births, and never lost a patient. The town is well watered by the of W. branch has Washington co. This township bounded E. by Edmonds, and S. Cheshire to the settlers, both nurse and a midwife. She possessed a vigorous constitution, and frequently travelled through the woods upon snow shoes from one part of the town to another, both by night and day, to relieve the disShe lived to the age of 87 tressed. West river, WhetGreen river. It stone brook, and Marion, Me. is was very useful as a lies winter she saw no human belittle daughter and some hunters who happened accithis ing, except her dentally to pass that way. She cut down timber and furnished browse for their cattle, and thus kept them alire through the winter. Mrs. W. a good soil, and is very producwheat, rye, and other grain, and potatoes. Here is a pleas- tive in Iruit ant village, several fine trout ponds, various kinds of minerals and me- Marlborough sufsome by the Indians, and did dicinal springs. fered much for the cause of independ- ence. Marlljorougli, Mass. This is a large co. farming town, with a soil of great fertility and undulating surface. INIiddlesex The inhabitants are principally devoted to agricultural pursuits, and by their industry and skill, have acquired a great degree of independAmong the productions of ence. the town, are fat cattle, pork, fruit, and all the varieties of the dairy a large amount of which is annually branch sent to Boston market. ; A of Concord river, and a number of beautiful ponds, water the town. The manufactures consist of boots, shoes, straw bonnets, leather, chairs and cabinet ware annual amount, about $75,000. Marlborough, the Indian Okamakamesit, was first It was taken from settled in 1654. Sudbury in 1660 it suffered much during the Indian wars, and was for many years the residence of a number of Indians who had embraced the christian religion. The the villages are very pleasant richness of the soil, and surrounding scenery its excellent roads and convenient access to Boston by the : ; : ; �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. rail road, renders Marlborough a desirable residence. It is 2S miles W. from Boston, 14 S. W. from Concord, and 16 E. from Worcester. Population, 1837, 2,039. MarlborougH Ct« Hartford co. Marlborough was taken from three towns which belonged to three different counties, 14 miles S. E. surface of the town is hilly and stony, and the lands best adapted for grazing. It has a cotton factory, a bed of black lead, and a good fish pond. Dark holloxv, in the western part of the town, presents some wild scenery of more terror than beauty. Population, 1830, 704. in 1S03. It of business in the town. Here are two cotton mills, an air and cupola furnace, a nail factory, and manufactures of cotton and satinet warp. Peregrine White, the first English child born in England, died here in 1704, aged 83. Incorporated, 1640. Population, 1837, 1,660. New Mars lies from Hartford. The MarloYF, N. H. Cheshire co. It is 15 miles N. from Keene, and 45 W. by S. from Concord. Ashuelot river passes through almost the whole length of the town. There are no ponds of note, nor any mountains. Marlow was chartered, 1761. Population, 1830, 645. Me. ; The British Queen seems desir- ous of annexing this portion of the territory of the United States to her wide and fair possessions. This notion of the pretty maiden is alto- gether preposterous when she has maturely considered the treaty made by her grandfather and the United : States, at Paris, in 1783, we trust her good sense will deter her from urging the claim. The approach to this mountain is difficult its sides are rugged, and its summit bold. It has two spurs ; one of which is 1,506, the other 1,363 feet above the waters of Goosequill river, in New Brunswick. : Marslifield, Vt. Washington co. This town, containing 23,040 acres, was granted to the Stockbridge Indians in 17S2, and sold by them to Isaac Marsh, in 1789, for £140. part of the soil is good and a part wet and slonj'. The town produces considerable wool, and some cattle are reared for market. It has a pleasant pond, and Onion river passes through it. It lies 12 miles N. E. from Montpelier. First settled, 1790. Population, 1830, 1,271. Marslipee, Mass. A Marslifield, Mass. Plymouth Hill, This celebrated mountain is situated about a mile west from the east boundary of the United States 200 miles N. N. E. from Augusta, and 80 N. W. from Frederickton, New Brunswick. co. A pleasant town on Massachusetts bay, 25 miles S. E. from Boston, and 15 N. by W. from Plymouth. It is watered by North and South rivers, has a tolerable harbor, and some navigation. Ship building is an important branch Barnstable co. An ancient Indian territory, and an incorporated district of 10,500 acres, or about 16 It lies 12 miles S. square miles. E. from Barnstable, 8 S. S. E. from Sandwich, and 8E. from Falmouth. It is bounded on the S. by the ocean. There are 350 colored inhabitants on this territory, and some whites. There now remain only seven inhabitants, of pure blood of the ti thTheir land is ers of the forest. good for grain of all sorts, and is well wooded. The territory is pleasant, and some parts of it afford beau- scenery. The Marshpee and Quashmet are considerable streams. tiful �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. W. which, with numerous ponds and from Concord, and 50 N. the ocean, afford an abundant supply of tish of various kinds. These people live by agricultural pursuits, the manufacture of various articles of Indian ware, by the sale of their wood, and by fishing, fowling, and taking deer. They are docile and hospitable ; they appear to relish moral and religious instruction and, under the superintendence of a hu- Boston. The surface is uneven ; the hills are chiefly large swells, with narrow valleys between them. The streams are rapid. There are no natural ponds. The principal meadows were formerly beaver ponds. Souhegan is the principal stream, affording many fine mill seats. The small streams run into Nashua river, and into Tanapus, or Potanipo pond, in Brookline, The soil in the E. part is rather light. The W. part is mostly a strong deep soil, red or dark loam, but stony. It is good for grass and grain. In Mason village, on the Souhegan, are cotton and woolen manufactories, and other machinery. Mason was granted by charter, Aug. 26, 1768. It w^as formerly known by The first efthe name of JVo. 1. fort to settle this place was in 1751, and the next year a permanent set- ; mane and intelligent commissioner, appointed by the state, they are prosperous and happy. This is the remnant of all the tribes of of Penobscot river, who, 218 years ago, were fee simple proprietors of the whole terriEngland! tory of largest red men west New Martlia's Vineyard, Mass. The principal of a cluster of isl- ands lying off and S. of Barnstable county and Buzzard's bay, comprising the towns of Edgarton, TisbuSee Dukes ry and Chilmark. county. Mason, X. H. Hillsborough co. It is 15 miles S. W. from Amherst, 43 S. S. W. from tlement was made by Enoch Law- rence, from Pepperell, Mass. ulation, in 1830, 1,433. Pop- Massabesick Fond, N. See Chester. II. �NEW ENGLAND CiAZETTEER. MASSACHUSETTS. This ancient commonwealtli, the mother of free states, and of American liberty, was Europeans, at The every New first England colonies, of permanently settled by Plymouth, on the 22d of December, 1620. is deeply interesting it is interwoven with history of this state ; and moral event of important occurrence political in the settle- ment and progress of the whole of North America, which preceded or was connected with the revolution of 1775. The name of this state probably arose from the name of a tribe of Indians formerly at Barnstable ; or from two Indian words Mos and IVe- tuset ; the former signifying an Indian arrow'' s head, the latter, Hill. It is stated that the Sachem who governed of the landing of our forefathers, lived on a in this region about the hill in time the form of an Indian arrow's head, a few miles south of Boston, and was called by the Indians — Moswetiiset. Massachusetts is bounded east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic ocean. It has, exclusive of the island counties of Dukes and Nantucket, a sea-coast of about 250 miles. It is bounded south and west by the state of Rhode Island, about 68 miles ; south by the state of Connecticut, 87 miles west by the state of New Yoi-k, 50 miles ; north by the state of Vermont, 42 miles; and north by the state of New Hampshire, 87 miles. It lies between 41° 31', and 42° 53' N. lat., and 69° 48', and 73° 17' W. Ion. ; from Greenwich. Its area is about 7,800 square miles, or 4,992,000 acres. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. The state comprises 14 counties, to wit: Barnstable, Berkshire, Bris- Dukes, Essex, Franklin, Hampden, Hampshire, Middlesex, Norfolk, Nantucket, Plymouth, Suffolk, and "Worcester. tol, The legislative power of this State is vested in a The Senate Representatives. by districts. The executive power is consists of 40 Senate and House of members, and are chosen vested in a Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and a Council of 9 members. The Council is elected b y the joint ballot of the Senators and Representatives, from the Senators and in case the ; Council thus elected or any of them decline, the deficiency is By the Constitution as amended in 1837, each town or city, having 300 ratable polls, at the last preceding decennial census of polls, one representative first for every 450 ratable polls, in may elect addition to the 300, one representative more. Any town tlius and ; supplied ' from among the people. : — The having less than 300 ratable polls, shall be represented whole number of ratable polls, at the last preceding valua- tion census of polls, shall be multiplied by 10, and the product divided by 300, and such town may ten years, as 300 contained in the product aforesaid. Any is city or town, having ratable representatives, with any may be represented as plus number by is number to that polls enough many to elect years within one or more of polls beyond the necessary number, surplus number, by multiplying such sur- and dividing the product by 450; and such city or 10, town may elect one ten years, as 450 elect one representative, as additional representative, as many years within the contained in the product aforesaid. Representation. J^'umher of Representatives to which each town is entitled forlO years, from 1837, according to the Constitution, as amended in 1837. in the following table marked tenths, show^s how many years in 10 the respective towns are entitled to an additional Representative. The column Towna. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Tovjns. �NEW ENGLAND Towns. GAZETTEEP^ �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Senators, and Representatives, by the people, on the 2d Monday of November, and The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, are chosen annually at Boston on the 1st Wednesday of January. The Judiciary power is vested in a Supreme Court, a Court of Common Pleas, and such other courts as the Legislature may, from time to The Judges are appointed by the Governor and Countime, establish. meet cil, and hold their offices during good behavior. Succession of Governors. John John Hancock, 17S0— 17S4. James Bowdoin, 1785, 1786. Hancock, 1737 1793. Samuel Adams, 1794 1796. Increase Sumner, 1797—1799. Caleb Strong, 1800, 1306. James Sullivan, 1807, 1808. — — Caleb Strong, Elbridge Gerry, 1810, 1811. Christopher Gore, 1809. John Brooks, 1816—1822. William Eustis, 1823, 1824. Levi Lincoln, 1825—1833. John Davis, 1834, 1835. Edward Everett, 1812—1815. 1835— Succession of Chief Justices of the Supreme Judicial Court. William Cushing, 1776—1789. Nathaniel Peaslee Sargent, Samuel Sewall, 1814. Isaac 1789— Theophilus Parsons, 1806—1814. Francis Dana, 1791—1806. 1791. Lemuel Shaw, Parker, 1814—1830. 1830The 1834, foundation of a school fund was laid by legislative enactment, in by appropriating " all moneys remaining day of January, 1835, arising from the ments made to this commonwealth by in the treasury sale of public lands, on the and from pay- the United States, on account of the claim for military services and disbursements during the late war, gether with one half of as a all 1st to- future proceeds of the sales of public lands, permanent fund for the encouragement and support of common which fund is never to exceed one million of dollars." schools, A trigonometrical and astronomical survey of the state, general court, for the purpose of a by order of the new map, was commenced in 1830, and will soon be completed. Surveys of the mineralogy, botany, zoology, and agriculture of the state have been commenced some favorable reports have been made, and the researches of scientific men are continued, and promise great public usefulness. ; The parts surface of the state are found in the is generally undulating. The most counties of Plymouth, Barnstable, and level Bristol. The Green and Taughkannic ranges of mountains pass through the western counties, but in few places are they remarkable for their elevation. The soil of the state grains, fruits is well adapted and vegetables common to to a the growth of all temperate climate. the grasses, In no part �NEW ENGLAND of our country is GAZETTEER. agriculture more honored, or better understood and re- warded. The resources of Massachusetts in its commerce, navigation, manufacthey are stated under the counties and towns, and will be given summarily, with other statistics of New Eng- tures and fisheries are immense : land, in the Register. Although Massachusetts cannot boast of her navigable rivers and cacommerce of her capital yet she can boast of the most beautiful bay on the map of the western world of her noble streams for water power; of her luxuriant vales, of her granite hills, nals, to facilitate the ; ; of her ships, and the material for who traverse every sea, and harpoon and cannon. building them who and of her gallant sailors well understand the uses of the hook, Massachusetts Bay. The whole of this bay is trance within the limits of Massachusetts. The exterior bounds of this celebrated bay Capes Cod and Ann. The former is in N. lat. 42° 6', and W. are long. 70° 42° 45', Ann 7'. and The latter in N. lat. W. Ion. 70° 17'. Cape bears from Cape Cod, N. N. W., about 40 miles. The length of this bay is about G2 miles, from N. W. to S. E. its breadth is about 2.5 miles. Numer: ; of Penobscot bay. The principal, or Marshall's island, is a plantation attached to the county of Hancock. The bears about S. ton, 15 miles. light on Matinicus by E. from Thomas- Maxfield, Me. Penobscot co. This town was incorporated in 1824. It is watered by Piscataquis river and Seboois stream. It lies HI miles N. N. W. from Augusta, and 25 E. by N. from Dover. Population, 1837,'215'. ous bays and rivers of various sizes set in from this bay, and its whole Wheat crop, same year, 1,304 bushcoast is lined with commodious els. harbors, and pleasant commercial Mayfield, Me. towns. This bay is noted for its delightSomerset co. On the E. side of ful scenery, and as containing the Kennebec river and about 10 miles first settlements of the Pilgrim from it. It is 58 miles N. from Fathers of New England. Augusta, and about 29 N. by E. from Norridgewock. Incorporated, Mata^vamlceag River, Me. 1836. Population, 1837, 224. This is one of the most important Medfield, Mass. tributaries to the Penobscot. It unites with that river at the Indian Norfolk CO. This town is watertownship from the E., about 60 miles ed by Charles and Stop rivers. It N. by E. above Bangor. is 17 miles S. S. W. from Boston, Matawamkcag Plantation, on and 8 S. by W. from Dedham. this river, lies 128 miles N. E. from During the year ending April I, Augusta. 3Iatiiiicus Islands, A Mo. cluster of islands at the en- 1837, there were manufactured at Medtield, 124,000 straw bonnets, the value of which was $135,000. There are also manufactures of �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. boots, shoes, leather, cutlery, and Medfield was taken from brushes. Dedham, in 1651. During king Philip's war, in 1765, the town was burnt, and many of the inhabitants murdered by Philip rode on the Narragansets. an elegant horse, and directed the massacre. Population, 1837, 899. Mcdford; Mass. This beautiful Middlesex co. town is situated at the head of navigation on Mystic river, 5 miles N. W. from Boston, and 14 E.by S. from Concord. The Boston and Lowell rail-road, and Middlesex canal pass through the town. The finest ships that float on the ocean, are built here during the five years preceding April 1, 1837, sixty vessels were built, the tonnage of which was 24,195 tons value $1,112,970. There are also manufactures of at Saratoga, and served with honor to He was ap the close of the war. pointed Marshal of the District of Massachusetts by President Washington, and after filling several important civil and military offices, he was in the year 18J6, chosen Governor of the Commonwealth ; and discharged the duties of that station for seven sue cessive years, to general acceptance He was a kind and skilful physician, a brave and prudent officer, a wise, firm, and impartial magistrate, a true patriot, a good citizen, and a faithful friend. In manners he was a gentleman, in morals pure, and in profession and a consistant Christian. He departed this life in peace on the first of practice March, 1825, aged 73. This monument to his honored memory was erected by several of his fellew citizens and friends in the year 1838. : : leather, spirits, linseed oil, bricks, boots, shoes, ploughs, hats and hat The soil of the town is bodies. very fertile, and in a high state of cultivation. The business of the town is much associated with the city, and many delightful country seats are scattered over and decorate the grounds improved as a farm by Governor Winthrop in 1633. Winter Hill, memorable as the place of encampment of General Burgoyne and his army, after their capture at Saratoga, is in this town. It is 125 feet above tide water, and presents a view of great extent and beauty. Medford was incorporated in 1630. Population, 1830, 1,755; 1837, 2,072. In the old burying ground, a beautiful granite monument is erected, Med-*vay, Mass. Norfolk CO. Medway was taken from Medfield, in 1713. Charle3 river affords this town an excellent water power. There are 6 cotton, and 2 woolen mills in the town, 2 cotton wadding factories, and a bell foundry. The manufactures of cotton and woolen goods, boots, shoes, scythes, chairs, cabinet ware, ploughs, cotton wadding, and straw bonnet?, the year ending April 1, 1837, amounted to $330,630. Population, 1837, 2,050. Medway lies 22 miles S. W. from Boston, and 12 S. W. from Dedham. Me§^uuticook River and Fond. This river same name, rises in a pond of the in Lincolnville, Waldo county. The pond is about 9 miles in length, crooked and very handsome. It affords an excellent mill stream, which falls into Penobscot bay at Camden. bearing the following inscription Mempliremagog Sacred to the memory of JOHN BROOKS, Wh6 was born in Medford, in the month ot May, 1752, and educated at Town School. He took up arms country on the 19th April, 1775. He commanded the regiment which first entered the enemy's lines the for his Liake, Vt. This lake is about 30 miles in length, and two or three miles in width. About seven miles of it lies in the county of Orleans, the residue in Canada. It receives the waters of Barton, Black, Clyde and other smaller streams in Vermont, �GAZETTEER. NEW ENGLAND the year ending April 1, 1837, $629,282. This very pleasant and flourishing town lies 32 miles S. W. from Boston, 18 S. E. from Worces- into the St. Francis, On an island in this in Canada. or lake is a quarry of JYovaculite, " Magog Oil Stone." This mathe and discharges terial is transported tured. and manufac- See Burke, Vt. and 22 N. from Providence. Population,lS30, 3,153; 1837, 3,657. ter Mercer, Me. Menaii Islands. Grand Menan helongs to the mouth of and Passamaquoddy British, and lies off the St. Croix river, and It is 16 miles in length, bay. about 5. On its average breadth is of islthe south side are a number harbors. ands, and several small The Somerset co. Mercer has a fine and is watered by a beautiful W. It lies 32 miles N. N. pond. Augusta, and 6 S. W. from from Norridgewock. Incorporated, 1804. The village near the pond is beau soil, inhabitants are principally fish- ei'men. ,, Little Menan, or "Petit Menan, lies off in Washington county, Me. and the harbors of Goldsborough Steuben. It has a light house, with It lies a tower 25 feet in height. tifully located. 6,863 bushels. year, 1,525. Wheat crop, 1837, Population, same , about 3 miles S. S. E. from Golds- borough harbor. Meiidon, Vt. Rutland CO. This was formerly miles called Parkerstown,and lies 47 W. from Montpelier, and S E. S. S. good from Rutland. There is some land in the town, but it is generally for too high up the Green mountains cultivation. Population, 1S30, 432. Mendoii, Mass. Worcester co. The Indian name town was Quanshipauge. from first settled by people It was Roxbury, about the year 1647. In- of this Mendon is a 1667. of variegated surface, extownship state ot cellent soil, and in a good The products of the cultivation. valuable.— dairy are large and its Blackstone river and canal pass border, and Mill river corporated, Meredith, N. H., Strafford co., is bounded N. by Centre Harbor and Winnepisiogee and lake, N. E. and E. by said lake Great bay, S. and S. river, S. E. by W. by Sanbornton, W. and N. W. by New Hampton and Centre Harbor. town was incorporated, in Sa1767, and was first called J\''eu) lies 29 miles N. from ConIt lem. Gilford. cord, and 8 N. W. from There is in this town a pond adjoinmiles ing Centre Harbor, about 2 This and one wide, emptying into bethe" lake, near the village; loner smaller sides this there are several town ponds. There is probably no pleasantly and in the country more advanta2;eouslv situated, or of a betThe water soil, "than Meredith. Winnepisiogee washing ters of the of the the boundaries of a great part town, convey many heavy mercan- and from almost the inhabitants doors of several of the summer ; and in the winter, in the and easy the ice serves as a level Near the upper or N. w. road. southwestern traveler passThese part of the town, the traverses its whole extent. is presented hydrau- ino- along the road, On streams afford an excellent a very beautiful landscape. There are 8 cotton and wi^th lic power. the placid Winneand the E. and S. E. in 4 woolen mills in the town, pisiogee, the largest lake liJmanufactures of boots, shoes, iron tile articles to New straw castings, scythes, ploughs machinery, bonnets, palm-leaf hats, wagons and harnesses ; total value, 21* Hampshire, with its numerous and bounds ands, arrests the eye, a b. i^. uithe circle of vision in �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. On rection. mountain the N. E., Ossipee view. rises boldly to the N., the prospect is On intercepted by Red Hill, a pleasant and noted eminence in Moultonborough, only At Meredith a few miles distant. Bridge is a handsome and flourishing village, and the seat of business. Here much are 2 cotton mills, an extensive tannery, oil mill, &c., in another village are also some imThe water portant manufactures. power of Meredith is immense. connected with the principal village of Gilford by a bridge over It is the Wirinepisiogee. Hon. Ebejvezer Smith, moved into this town at an early period of its settlement, and was as a father to new settlers for many years. died Aug. 22, 1807, aged 73. Population, in 1830, 2,683. the He Meriden, New Haven Ct. This hilly and somewhat mountainous township has, in general, a fertile soil, and is watered by Quinnepiac river. It lies 17 miles S. E. from Hartford, and 17 N. W. from New Haven. It was formerly a part of Wallingford, and incorporated in 1806. co. Population, 1830, 1,708. This is one of the most flourishing and enterprising manufacturing towns in the state. There is a considerable variety of manufactures here, forming the chief employment of the inhabitants. The following is a list of the manufactories, viz 2 for patent augers and auger bits, 3 for ivory combs, 6 for tin ware, 4 for Britannia ware, 2 iron foundries, : manufactory for coffee mills, 1 for clocks, 1 for Norfolk door latches, 3 for block tin spoons, 1 for wood combs, 1 for skates and iron rakes, and 1 for gridirons. The value 1 of articles manufactured yearly, has been estimated from 800,000 to 1,000,000 of dollars. About thirty years since a road was constructed from the northwestern part of Meriden to Berlin, a narrow and romantic between two ridges of the Blue mountains this pass, which is more than a mile in extent, is called the Cat Hole. In some parts of this glen there is but barely room through glen, ; path for a small angular fragments ; of rocks rise on each side, at about an angle of forty five degrees these rocks have been beaten down and covered with earth, which must have been brought here for the A purpose. few yards south of this place, elevated perpendicular rocks appear on the left, one of which has very much tlie appearance of a profile of the human face, and it is thought by some to resemble in a slight degree the profile of WashFollowing the foot of the ington. mountain on the right, for about a mile, you will find large pieces of rocks lying upon each other in great disorder, which have evidently fallen from the precipitous heights Underneath these rocks ice above. may be found in almost every month spring issues from in the year. A between them, Spring, and parties in is called the Cold a place of resort for summer. Merrixiiaclc River, N. II., One New of the principal rivers of formed of two branches. The N. branch called Pemigewasset, rises near the Notch of the White mountains, and passes southwardly through the corner of Franconia, Lincoln, Peeling, Thornton and Carapton, forming the boundary between Plymouth and Holderness, and also the boundary line between the counties of Strafford and Grafton from the S. corner of Holderness to near its junction with the Winnepisiogee. It receives several considerable branches in its course; Mad river in Campton, Baker's in and streams flowing Plymouth from Squam and Newfound lakes, with numerous small tributaries. The E. branch is the Winnepisiogee, through which pass the waters England, ; is �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. The deof the lake of that name. scent of this branch from the lake to its junction with the Pemigewasset, The confluent stream is 232 feet. bears the name of Merrimack, and pursues a S. coui-se, 78 miles, to Chelmsford, Mass. ; thence an E. course, 35 miles, to the sea at Nevvburyport. On the N. line of Concord, the Contoocook discharges its waters into the Merrimack. The Soucook becomes a tributary in Pembroke, and the Suncook be- tween Pembroke and Allenstown. The Piscataquog unites in Bedford ; the Souhegan in Merrimack, and a beautiful river called Nashua in Nashua. The principal tributaries are on the W. side of the river, mostly rising in the highlands between the Connecticut and Merrimack. There are numerous falls in this river, the most noted of which are Garven's, in Concord, the falls in Hooksett, and Amos- keag in Goffstown and Manchester. These falls are all rendered passable by locks, and boat navigation has for several years been extended as far as Concord. There are several bridges over the Merrimack, and its principal branches, besides of ferries. The Merrimack, whose fountains are nearly on a level with the Connecticut, being much shorter in its course, has a far more rapid descent to the sea than the latter river. Hence the intervales on its borders are less extensive, and the scenery less beauIt tiful, than on the Connecticut. is, however, a majestic river ; its waters are generally pure and healthy ; and on its borders are situated some of the most flourishing towns The name of this rivin the state. er was originally written Merramacke and Monnoniake, which in the Indian language signified a sturgeon. Its width varies from 50 to 120 rods ; and at its mouth it presents a beautiful sheet of half a mile in width. a number Merrimack County, X. H. Concord county town. is bounded N. E. by the county of Strafford, S. E. by the county of Rockingham, S. W. by the county of Hillsborough, and N. W. by the counties of Sullivan and Grafton. the is The county of Merrimack greatest length is 38 miles ; at the broadest part is 26 miles. It contains an area of 506,000 acres. The surface is uneven, and in some parts rugged Its breadth its and mountainous; but its general fertility, is perhaps equal to either of the other counties in the state. In the towns of Hopkinton, Henniker, Boscawen, Salisbury, Canterbury, Concord, &c., are seen many extensive and well cultivated farms. The northerly part of the county is rough and mountainous. Kearsarge is the highest mountain, its summit being 2,461 feet above the level of the sea. It is composed of a range of hills, running north and south about six miles its general aspect rugged and craggy, excepting ; is when its roughness is shaded by woody covering that darkens its sides. The Ragged mountains, so the from their appearance, lie Kearsarge, and be- called, northeast of tween Andover a-nd Hill. These are nearly 2,000 feet high at the Bear's north points of the range. Hill, in Northfield, Sunapee mountain, in Newbury, Catamount, in Pittsfield, and the peak in Hooksett, are the other most considerable elevations. part of lake Suna- A pee lies in Newbury ; and there numerous ponds interspersed throughout the whole territory. are The Merrimack river meanders through nearly the centre of the county, and forms the boundary some distance part. It at the northeastern receives from the west the Blackwater and Contoocook rivers, and from the east, Soucook and Suncook, and other smaller streams. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. This county was constituted by an act of the legislature, 1 July, 1S23 being taken from the counties of Rockingham and Hillsboborough, ten towns being separated from the former, and thirteen from Population, 1820, 32,the latter. — 843; 1830, 34,619. Twenty four towns, 44 inhabitants to a square In 1837, there were 66,152 mile. sheep in this county Merrimaclc, N. 11., house of traffic with the InFor some time one Cromwell carried on a lucrative trade with the Indians, weighing their furs with his foot, till, enraged at his supposed or real deception, they formed the resolution to murder him. This intention was communicated to Cromwell, who buried his wealth and made his escape. Within a few hours after his flight, for a dians. a party of the Penacook tribe arrived, and not finding the object of their resentment, they burnt his habitation. Hillsborough co., is bounded N. by Bedford, E. by Litchfield, S. by Nashua, and W. by Amherst. Hon. Matthew Thorntojv, It is 6 miles S. E, from Amherst, one of the signers of the Declaraand 27 S. from Concord. Merri- tion of American Independence, mack river waters its E. border resided many years in this town. through its whole extent, opening a communication by water from Souhegan entown from Amherst, pursues a winding course to the Merrimack, where it discharges itself He died in 1803, at the age of 89. Population, 1830, 1,191. this place to Boston. Merrymeetiiig Bays. ters this one mile above Thornton's ferry. There are fine water privileges on this stream. Babboosuck brook, issuing from Babboosuck pond in Amherst, empties into Souhegan river, and Penichook brook from a pond in Hollis, forms the southern boundary. The soil in various places is very fertile, but a considerable portion of the land is plain. There are some fine intervales on the Merrimack. Some of the best and most extensive water privileges the county affords, about 1 1-2 mile from the Merrimack, on Souhegan river, lie unimproved. This town claims the first discovery in this region of making what are called leghorn bonnets. They were first made several years since, by the Misses Burnaps. Some of their bonnets were sold at auction in Boston for $50. This town was formerly called Souhegan East. It was incorpo1746, having been settled about 13 years. The first house in this town was erected on the margin of the river rated, JHerry meeting Bay, in Maine, is junction of the Androscoggin with the Kennebec, about 5 miles above Bath. It is a large expanse of water, and contains Swan and other islands. The passage thiough this bay, of 10 or 12 miles in length, at the is delightful. Merrymeeting Bay, in New is an arm of Winne- Hampshire, pisiogee lake, extending about 1,800 rods into the town of Alton, and is 27 miles from the navigable waters of Piscataqua river. Metliiieii, Mass. Essex CO. In this town is a beautiful water fall of 30 feet, on Spick- which furnishes an excelhydraulic power. Methuen lies on the N. bank of Merrimack river, and is 25 miles N. by W. from Boston, and 20 N. W. by N. from Salem. It was taken from Haverhill in 1725. Population, 1830, 2,011; 1837, 2,463. There are 2 cotton, and 2 paper mills in the town, and manufactures of leather, shoes, hats, ploughs, segars, essences, chaises, harnesses, chairs, tin and cabinet wares, and piano-forte et river, lent �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. frames value, for the year ending An exApril 1, 1837, $462,525. cellent bed of peat has recently been discovered. It is 14 feet in The depth, and very extensive. soil of Methuen is very good, the village is pleasant, and the scenery around it, romantic and beautiful. : J. \y., 1747. Mexico, Me. it let it go. in : Middlebiiry, Vt. This town lies on the north side of Androscoggin river, and is watered by two of its tribuIt has a good soil and a good taries. It lies 47 miles W. water power. N. W. from Augusta, and 20 N. Incorporated, 1818. from Paris. Oxford Thompson marked it Elijah Clapp found 1773; William Shaw found it in 1775; Jonathan Soule found it in 17S4; Joseph Soule found it in 1790, and Zenas Smith, in 1791 each marked it with his initials. Whether the critter is dead or gone to the west, we have no account. and CO. Addison co. Chief town. This i. a large and flourishing town on both Population, 1837, 447. Wheat crop, same year, 1,552 bushels. sides of Otter creek, 31 miles S. Middletoorougli, Mass. W. from Montpelier, and 33 S. S. E. The fathers of from Burlington. town were this Col. John Chipman and the Hon. Gamaliel Painter, who came here and settled in 1773. The settlement advanced but slowly un- it til after the revolutionary war Plymouth co. This is the Indian then began to increase and is now JVamasket ; formerly thickly popu- one of the most important towns in In 1791 it became the lated by the people of that tribe, the state. and in and governed by the noted sachem shire town of the county, On the rocks, in this 1800 Middlebury college was foundTispacan. The surface of the town is town, are the prints of naked hands ed. Chipman's hill, and feet, supposed to be the work generally level. Here are numer- 439 feet above Otter creek, is the of the Indians. ous ponds, several kinds of ; fish, and large quantities of iron ore is found in the ponds. These ponds, of which the Assawamset and Long pond are the ter empty largest, river, into Taunton and produce an extensive wa- power This town lies 34 miles S. by E. W. from Plyfi-om Boston, 14 S. S. mouth, and 10 S. E. from Taunton Population, Incorporated, 1660. This is probably the 1837, 5,005. it is 15 largest town in the state miles in length, and about 9 average breadth it has several pleasant : : There are 2 cotton mills, villages. 2 forges, an air and cupola furnace, a nail factory, and manufactures of spades, forks, shovels, leather, nails, chairs, cab- ploughs, wrought inet ware, tacks, straw bonnets, and various other articles total value, in one year, $200,000. In 1763, Shubael Thompson found a land turtle, marked on the shell : The soil is ferhighest elevation. tile and productive, and furnishes large quantities of wool, beef, pork, The town is butter and cheese. admirably watered by Otter creek and Middlebury river. At the falls on Otter creek, the site of the flourishing village, are extensive manufacturing establishments ; and large quantities of white and variegated marble, with which the town abounds, are sawed and polished to for various uses and transported Middlebury is a very beautiful town, and the mart of a Population, ia large inland trade. See Register. 1830, 3,468. market. Middlebury River rises in Han- cock, and passing through Riptoa falls into Otter creek at Middlebury. This mountain stream is about 14 miles in length, affords a fine water power, and is very romantic It passes some distance course. m its �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. along the road from Windsor to Vergennes, and presents some delightful scenery. This place New Haven town is co. hilly The worthy of Middlesex County, M«sg. Midtlletoury, Ct. this is i'vtir'^"* surface of and rocky; the soil a /Concord, Cambridge, and are the shire towns. The surace of this county is uneven and the Low ell, coarse, gravelly loam, tit for soil various. grazing and the growth of It presents a great rye It lies 36 miles W. S. W. froni Hart- variety for the admiration of the ford, and 22 N. W. from New Ha- patriot, scholar, farmer, mechanic, and the painter. It ven. Incorporated, 1S07. is bounded Popu- N by New Hampshire N. E. bv the county of Essex ;S.E. watered by Quasepaug pond, by ChUes which nver Boston harbor, empties into the Hou^satonick, and Norfolk and county; and W. by lurnishes a water power for the county of a satinet lactory, and other Worcester. Area, 800 machinery. square miles: ?°Po"rf'^"^o"^ 1820,61,476; 1830, Middlefield, Mass. 77,968; 1837,98,565. Population Hampshire co. This is an eleva- to a square mile, 123. The principal nvers in this ted agricultural township, county, are the watered by a branch of Westfield Merrinmck, Charles, Mystic, river It Sud11<^ miles W. from Boston, 24 ""^^ Nashua. The V,f trom ir'T',,^''"''"'"'^' VV. Northampton, and 17 S E Middlesex Canal passes through ifs northeastern ft-om Pittsfield. Incorporated, 1783." section. In 1837 Population, 1S37, 710. There are herewere5 166 sheep in the counly. 2 woolen mills in the town, and 1 he value of manufactures for 2 tanneries. Annual value of goods tne year ending April 1 1837 manufactured, about |75,000 amounted to $15,008,028. Fishery' ^' Among the productions of the same year, $33,000. lation, 1830, 816. The town is ; soil , there were, in 1837, 9,724 fleeces ot saxony wool, which weighed ^b,741 pounds, value, $17,382. Middlesex Covmty, Ct. Shire toxvns—Middletown and This county is bounded ^^ county, E. by Hartf ^''il^'''^ and ford and New London counties, S. other streams give this town a good by Long Island Sound, and W. bv water power. It has numerous New Haven county. Middlesex, Vt. Washington co. Onion river manufacturing concerns, and a very pleasant village. The soil along the streams is good, and that of the uplands, generally, is adapted for It lies 30 miles E. S E Irom Burlington, and is bounded bv Montpeher on the S. E. First set^^^^' ^°P"^^«°"' iS30, pzing. l,'l56.'" There is a curious chasm Middlesex, on Onion river, near More7"- ^^\ ^-iver has worn a pasin sage through rocks 30 feet in depth, 60 feet in width, and about 80 rods in length. The walls on each side are very smooth,over which a bridge ^addam. 1 surface The The general of the county is uneven. soil IS generally good, particularly adjacent to Connecticut river Ihere are many small streams which afford mill privileges, fertilizing the soil and giving beauty to the county. The waters of the Connecticut afford it an important husiness in navigation, especially in the coasting trade. The tonnagj of the district of Middletown, tn 1837, was 13,133 tons. There are numerous manufacturing establishin the county ; large quantitiesof fi-eestone are quarried and car- ments ned to market, and the shad fishery �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. gives employment to people. many of its very pleasantly situated on ground rising gradually from the river. Middlesex county contains an Populaarea of 342 square miles. 22,405; 1830, 24,345, containing a population of 73 inConhabitants to a square mile. siderable amounts of the productions and in of the soil are exported, 1837, there were in the county tion, 1S20, 12,401 sheep. Middle ton, N. H. principal street, called Main street, runs parallel with the river. This and other streets, are inter- The sected by cross streets, leading to the river. The wharves are commodious for shipping, there being ten feet of water for all vessels that can cross the bar at the mouth of the river. Two high wharves are appropriated for two hues of steam-boats, of a afford a daily comThis is a very lev- large class, which cities of New no high ground munication with the el township, having York and Hartford. except a part of Moose mountain, The streets and side-walks are which separates it from Brooktield. trees, and ponds, and pleasantly shaded with There are no rivers nor side-walks are remarkably well the It lies 25 miles the soil is rocky. paved. N. W. from Dover. Middleton was is Strafford co. incorporated in 1778. Population, The population of the city, of the town, above about 3,500 ; 1830,' 532. 7,000. Middleton, Mass. The public edifices are a courtstyle of archpleasant town on house in the Grecian Essex CO. A miles both sides of Ipswich river, 19 Boston, and 7 N. W. from N. from Salem. This place contains a large and expensive paper mill. This is conthe principal manufacturing Incorporated, cern in the town. 1723. Population, 1837, 671. itecture, built in house handsomely 1832 ; a custom- built of Chatham 2 banks, and a savings bank, &c. The places of public worship in the city, and the princibrick, pal houses and stores are of which are built with great many of freestone ; taste. Middletown, Vt. This town lies between two mountains, is watered by Poultney river, and has a good Rutland co. It keeps, among grazing. It other cattle, about 4,000 sheep. miles S. W. from Rutland. lies 14 vilIt has a neat and flourishing soil for The Wesleyan University, under the patronage of the Methofounded dist Episcopal church, was in 1831, and is very rapidly acquirIt has now ing a high standing. Its officers are a 160 students. president and 5 professors. The college buildings command faclage, a woolen factory, marble an extensive view of the surroundmanufactures. tory, and other ing country, as well as of the valPopulation, 1830, 919. ley of the Connecticut, so justly Middletown, Ct. famed for its beauty. The college library, with those Chief town of Middlesex co.— comprises City, and port of belonging to the societies, MiDDLETOWxV It has maof Con- about^lO^OOO volumes. entry, lies on the W. bank ny rare and choice works, an entire necticut river, 30 miles from its and most of Hartford, 24 N. set of the Latin Classics mouth, 15 S. from W. the Greek, a set of the Philosophical E. from New Haven, 35 N. 34' Transactions a"d all of the most from New London. Lat. 41° works of city is important lati^r scientitic The long. T2P 39' W. N., �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. France. There is also a collection of bibles and testaments in 81 lan- guages and dialects, oriental, &c., into which the bible has been translated. About 70 of these the Tarento old at philosophical and astronomical apparatus, has been lately increased at great expense. There is a telescope, with a six inch object glass, a splendid altitude and Azi- muth instrument, formed Archbishop of Naples, and are of the masters— Titian, Rubens, Tin- toretto, Salvator The pictures gallery of the Rosa, Carlo Dolce, Lueca, Giordano, Jordens, Spagnoletto, &c. There is also in another collection some very line paintings of the old masters, and an exquisite piece of statuary by the Chevalier P. Marchesi of Milan, repre- so constructed as used for meridian transits. senting Christ when 12 years of Russell's magnificent Orrery, an age This is the only work of the unrivalled instrument, and the only distinguished sculptor, that has yet one of the kind. There is a noble arrived in this country. Plate Electrical machine, with two The township from N. to S. is plates 36 inches in diameter, &c. about 9 miles long, its breadth vaThe chemical department has a rying from 4 to 10 miles at its greatgood laboratory and apparatus. est area, or about 43,520 acres. The cabinet of minerals is becom- The Indian name of the town was ing extensive. In geology, besides Mattabesett. The town is divided specimens, there are several valu- into 4 societies or parishes. to be ! able charts to illustrate the different and many districts of Eng^ land. In botany, there are several of the best standard works, and for the preservation of the science, the richness in species of the native plants about Middletown, is not surpassed by any location in There is in the city a preparatory school connected with the university, as well as several flourish- states, ing private schools. The public records of this town commenced in 1654. incorporated in 1784. England. The place is also remarkable for the variety and abundance of its rare minerals. manufacturing capital, render Middletown equally attractive to the traveler, the man of science, or of business. There are besides in this city, several fine cabinets of shells, insects, minerals, &c., and an Her- barium of considerable extent, of North American as well as of European plants, also several choice private libraries. The library of the Rev. Dr. Jarvis, contains 13,000 volumes of exceeding choice books, collected by him, during eral years in a residence of sev- Europe, and his gallery of about 120 paintings, is regarded as being very valuable.— city was The burial grounds contain many curious, as well as antique monuments of its earliest settlers. The burial ground at the N. part of the city, and by the river, was laid out in 1650. New The rising reputation of its university, the great salubrity of its atmosphere, and the activity of its The Middletown meadows, north of the I I city, contain about 640 acres. The height of the base of the village is 160 feet above the river, and is from it, five eighths of a mile. Main street is from 40 to 50 feet above the river. The Connecticut river is here generally closed with ice about the middle of December, and opens about the end of the third week in March. The manufactures in this city, are 3 establishments on a large scale for the manufacture of arms, for the United States service ; broadcloths and cotton goods, brit- annia and tin wares, stoves, combs, machinery, steam engines. tubs, �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER cotton machinery, paper, powder, jewelry, brass ware, steel pens, buttons, looking-glasses, carnages, carpenter's tools and locks, besides many manufactures of minor importance. Middletown rests on Geology. secondary red sandstone witliin 2 miles of tlie city, south, there is a granite ridge, here known by the name of the White rocks. It runs N. N. E., and forms the straits of the Connecticut river. This granite ridge is from 400 to 600 feet above the tide water. Here occurs an inexhaustible quantity of the finest .feldspar, the material used for the This was first glaze of porcelain. brought into notice in 1833, at the recommendation of Dr. Barrett. large quanrityof it has been sent to Europe, as well as being used in this country, and it has been proved to be of the best quality. The feldspar is often so pure at the quarry opened on the Haddam road, that masses of several hundrcil weight occur without any admixture of quartz and mica. : A MicldletoAVii, R. I. Newport co. This is the middle township on the island of Rhode Island. It lies 2 miles N. E. from Newport, and 28 S. by E. from The surface of the Providence. town is undulating, and affords many interesting and beautiful landscapes. The soil is a rich loam, very productive and under a high state of cultivation ; the lands are highly valued and command a great The inbabitantsof the town they are principally farmers distinguished for their habits of industry and cconomj', and for the unifbrmitj', plainness, and simpliciThe ty of their manner of living. products of the town consist of corn, barley, hay, and great varieties of fruits and vegetables for price. are ; Newport market. 1743. Incorporated, Population, 1830, 915. 22 Milan, H., K^. Coos CO., is 139 miles N. by E. from Concord, and about 22 N. E. from Lancaster. This tract was granted in 1771, and was called Paulsburgh, per until 1824. The UpAmonoosuck and Androscoggin rivers pass through this town. are several ponds, and some There considerable mountains. Popula- tion, 1830, 57. Milford, Me. See " Penobscot county. Down East." Milfortl, Hillsborough co., is by Amherst, and W. ST. is from Concord. H., bounded E. 31 miles S. by Millbrd lies on both sides of Souhegan river, which runs through the town from W. to E., forming a rich meadow or intervale, from 1-4 to 1-2 a mile wide. The banks of this river are annually overflowed, by which means, the soil, which is black and deep, is much enriched. This town has excellent water privileges, and there is a valuable factory in the village Population, 1S30, 1,303. Milfard, Mass. This town, the Worcester co. Indian TVopowage, is well watered by Charles and Mill rivers. It lies 28 miles S.W. byW. from Boston, and 18 S. E. from Worcester. Incorporated, 1780. Population, 1837, 1,637. The soil is generally fertile, and the surface pleasantly diversified. The manufactures of the town, for the year ending April 1, 1837, amounted to ^257,671. They consisted of cotton goods, leather, boots, shoes, chairs, tin and cabinet wares, straw bonnets, varnish, clothing, shoe pegs, wagon irons, and whips. Milford, Ct. New Haven co. This is one of towns which composed the " Old Jurisdiction of New Haven." the �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. The settlement commenced in 1639. The first purchase of land was made Indians, for the considera" 6 coats, 10 blankets, 1 kettle, besides a number of hoes, knives, hatchets, and glasses." The Indians made a reservation of 20 of the tion of acres in the town, which was sold in 1661, for 6 coats, 2 blankets, and a pair of breeches. by them, Milford is falls into vessels. Poconock or Milford point is a noted place, where are a number of huts on the beach, occupied by persons engaged in the oyster and clam business. Milford village is very pleasant, and the scenery variegated and inPopulation, 1837, about teresting. 2,800. Millbiiry, Mass. Worcester co. Millbury was Lyn- Mille7-'s River, in Massachusetts, Ashburnham, in ponds in rises and Winchendon ; it has many triband passes through Athol, Orange, and Wendell, and falls into This the Connecticut at Erving, is a noble mill stream. utaries, Miiliiioliet Liaise, bounded W. by Housa- tonick river, and S. E. by Long The Indian name Island Sound. of the place was Wepawaiig. The town is generally level, and the There is a quarry soil productive. of beautiful serpentine marble in the town, and a harbor for small the Passumpsick at don. Me. This is a large body of water in the county of Penobscot, the reIt is an cipient of many rivers. important source of the west branch Its outlet is a of Penobscot river. river of the same name, and unites with the waters of Pemadumcook lake, near the Great falls at the outlet of the Pemadumcook. Mill River, Mass. See Springfield. MillsiieM, ET. II., Coos CO., is 7 miles W. from Umbagog lake, and about 35 N.from the Clear stream White mountains. waters its N. extremity, and Philwith several small river lip's taken from Sutton, in 1813. It lies 42 miles W. S. W. from Boston, and 6 S.E. from Worcester. Branches of the Blackstone river rise in the town, and the Blackstone canal It is a very passes through it. pleasant manufacturing place, with There a valuable water power. are 1 paper, 6 woolen, and 1 cotton mills ; and manufactures of boots, Here are streams the other parts. several ponds, the largest is about 300 rods long, 140 wide^. Millsfield was granted in 1774, and was named after Sir Thomas Mills, a granIt had but 33 inhabitants in tee. shoes, leather, hats, scythes, spades, forks, hoes, ploughs, muskets, trying squares, levels, trowels, machinery, black lead, tin ware, sashes and blinds total value, the year ending tiful : April 1, 1837, $566,150. Popula- tion, 1837, 2,153. Miller's Kivers. MUler''s i?fuer, in Vermont, rises in Sheffield, Caledonia county, and passing through a part of Wheelock 1830. Milo, Me. This is a beautownship on the fertile banks of Sebec and Pleasant rivers, at their union with the Piscataquis. It lies 103 miles N. E. from AugusPopta, and 15 N. E. from Dover. 1837, 640.— ulation, 1830, 381 Piscataquis co. ; Wheat crop, 1837, 4,514 bushels. Incorporated, 1823. Milton, Me. Piscataquis co. Population, 1837, Wheat crop, same year, 1,323 352. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. bushels. See " 94 miles from Augusta. East." Down MUton, K. lation, 1837, 1,772. II. the land The Salmon Fall Strafford co. river washes its whole E. boundary, a distance of 13 miles ; and a branch of the same river crosses from the S. part of Wakefield, and unites near the centre of the E. Teneriffe, a bold and boundary. rocky mountain, extends along the E. part of Milton, near which lies Milton pond, of considerable size, connecting with the Salmon Fall This town was formerly a river. part of Rochester, from which it was detached in 1802. It lies 40 miles N. E. from Concord, and 20 N. W. by N. from Dover. Popu- lation, 1830, 1,273. Miltoii, Vt. Chittenden co. Milton is bounded cu the W. bj^ lake Champlain, an is finely watered by the river Lamoille. It lies 12 miles N. from Burlington, and 40 N. W. from Population, 1830, 2,Montpelier. 100. The soil of the town is generally good, and about 9,000 sheep graze in its pastures. There are some places in Milton worthy of the i traveller's notice. A little This town was taken from Dorchester, in 1662. Popu- ble mill sites. distance from the neat and flourishing village are the Great falls, on the Lamoille. In the course of 50 rods the whole river falls 150 feet. About the middle of the rapid is a small island, by which the water passes on each side, with great violence and loud roaring. The scenery on the banks of the river is There are wild and beautiful. some mills on the river, and considerable trade on the lake. — Milton, Mass. Norfolk CO. This interesting and pleasant town, the Unc.ataquissit of the Indians, lies 7 miles S. from Boston, and 6 E. from Dedham. Neponset river washes its northern border and affords numerous valua- is A large part of a gravelly loam, strong and very productive. The manu- factures consist of paper, granite, leather, hats, chairs, cabinet ware, playing cards, &c. total annual : amount, about ^100,000. The manufacture of paper from beach grass has recently been commenced, and promises to be a good substitute for rags, for the more common kinds. The village called the " Mills," comprising a part of Dorchester, at the head of navigation, on the Neponset, is a wild, romantic place, and ever since the first settlement of the country, has been the seat of considerable trade and manufacture. The village at the rail-road, near the granite quarry, in Quincy, about a mile S. E. of the " Mills," is very pleasant and flourishing. By a new and beautiful bridge, called the " Granite bridge," across the Neponset, the distance to the city is reduced to 6 miles. Milton contains some elegant country seats, and much delightful scenery. The views from " Milton Hill," near the head of the Neponset ; and " Blue Hill," a celebrated land mark for sailors, 710 feet above the sea, in the south part of the town, 12 miles from Boston, are among the most admired in our country. Minot, Me. Cumberland CO. Minot is a large and excellent township of land with The three very pleasant villages. Androscog2:in passes its eastern border and Little Androscoggin separates it from Poland, on the S. This is one of the most flourishing towns Although agriculture the chief business of the people of in the state. is Minot, yet its water power is so val- uable, that manufactures of various kinds are springing up v.'ith promisMinot is connected ing success. with Lewiston, across the Andros- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. It lies 33 coggin, by a bridge. miles S. W. from Augusta, and 35 N. from Portland. Population, in Incor1837, 3,326. 1830, 2,908 Wheat crop, 1837, porated, 1802. 7,266 bushels. ; Missisque liiver, "Vt. This crooked river is about 75 miles in length. It rises in Orleans county, and passes N. into Canada, about 5 miles it then returns to the state at the N. E. corner of Franklin county, and after meandering through the north part of that county, it falls into Missisque ; bay at Highgate. There are sevwhich afford eral falls on this river, numerous mill sites ; but it is generally sluggish in its course, and being wide, is rather shallow. Its waters fertilize a large portion of country, and it is navigable for small vessels, six miles from its mouth. Molecliiiukamxniik Lake, Me. is one of a number of large extending northwest from Umbagog lake, and which empty through the Umbagog into the An- This lakes droscoggin. These lakes lie in the counties of Oxford and Franklin their borders are but little settled, but those who have visited them report that the soil is exceedingly fertile, and that the beauties of these little inland seas, equal that of the celebrated Winnepisiogee. The Molechunkamunk lies about 80 miles N. by W. from Portland. Molumlcxis K-iver, A large tributary to the Matathe north. It unites with that river about 8 miles above The and direction of the ridge S. 5 miles long from mouth. Moiiadnoclc Mountain, W. H., Usually called the Grand Monadnock, is situated in the towns of and Dublin, in Cheshire county, about 22 miles E. from Connecticut river, and 10 N. of the southern boundary of this state. Jaffrey N. is N. E. is to S., about and 3 miles from E. to W. Its summit is 3,718 feet above the level of the sea. Thirty years since, Monadnock was nearly covered with evergreen wood of considerable growth. By the repeated ravages of lire, it now presents to the distant beholder, nothing but a barren and bald rock. But on ascending, we find plats of eaith sufficient to give growth to the hlueben-y, cranberry, mountain ash, and a vaiiety of shrubs. Some caves are discovered, which excite curiosity. They appear to have been formed by large hssures, and by extensive strata being thrown from their pi'imitive state, and forming different angles with each other and with perpendicular precipices. The mountain is composed of talc, mica, slate, distinctly stratified.— Garnet, schorl, feldspar and quartz occur in various parts. On the E. side, plumbago is found in large quantities. Crucibles and pencils have been manufactured fiom it, but for the latter, it proves not veiy good. The summit, when seen at a distance of 4 or 5 miles, appears rounded and destitute of those high cliffs and mural precipices belonging to granitic mountains. The prospect from the pinnacle is very extensive ; thirty ponds of fresh water, some of which are so large as to contain islands of 8 or 10 acres, may be seen from it, in the immediate vicinity. Near the base of the mountain, in Jaffrey, is the " Monadnock Mineral Spring." wamkeag from its The mountain W. Monkton, Vt. This town lies 27 co. from Montpelier, 16 N. from Middlebury, and IS S. by E. from Burlington. This is a good farming town, and the products of v/ool, cattle, and of the dairy are considerable. Iron ore is found in abundance, and a bed of porcelain earth. By mixing this earth with Addison miles W. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. clay, in different proporare tions, various kinds of pottery common There are excellent orchards of va- rious kinds of fruit in the town, a pleasant village on elevated ground, produced. This earth is very pure, It lies 15 be manufactur- and a classical school. and it is said might miles W, by N. from New Haven, The ed into the best china ware. The black and 12 E. by S. from Danbury. bed is inexhaustible. Population, 1330, 1,522. oxide of manganese is al«o found rich variety of mineral subThere is also a curious cavhere. been discovered here. after descending stances have ern in the town Among them, are tungsten, telluriabout 16 feet, you arrive at a room um, native bismouth, native silver, 30 feet long, and 16 wide. From second magnetical and common iron pythis is a passage leading to a copper pyrites, galena, blenapartment, which is not quite so rite', Monk- de, tourmaline, &.c. pleasant. large, but more Monson, Me. ton" is a pleasant town, 3 miles E. from Ferrisburgh, and is frequentThis town is Piscataquis co. Populaly visited by the curious. watered by Piscataquis river and tion, 1330, i,SS4. Monson comprisWilson's stream. es a fine tract of land, and is settled A : Kennebec co. This is a fine township, and beautifully watered by some of the sources of the CobIt lies 15 miles S. bessecontec. W. from Augusta. The village is very pleasant, and is the -^eat of a \Yheat crop, flourishing academy. Population, 1837, 5,256 bushels. Incorporated, same year, 1,347. Ina worthv class of people. Population, in corporated, '1822. 1S37, 565. Wheat crop, same year, It lies 83 miles N. 2,267 bushels. by by E. from Augusta, and 20 N. W. stage runs between from Dover. times this town and Bangor, three Distance from Monson to Aveek. a Bangor, 60 miles; to Moosehead A lake, 15. 1792. Monson, Mass. Monroe, Me. Hampden co. Monson was takWaldo CO. This town is watered en from Brimfield in 1760. It lies by Marsh river, a branch of the^Pe73 miles S. W. by W. from Boston, from. nobscot. It lies 59 miles N. E. and 13 E. from Springfield. PopuAugusta, and 14 N. from Belfast. is a pleasWheat lation. 1837, 2,179. This 1,365. Poplilation, 1337, surface, ant town of variegated year, 5,8;->7. crop, same Blonroe, Mass. Franklin co. This is an elevated township, bounded E. by Deerfield W. It lies 105 miles W. N. river. Boston, and 23 W. by N. from from Incorporated, Greenfield. Population, 1837, 232. Monroe, 1822.— Ct. This town was co. from Huntington in 1823. The soil is good, and well adapted grazing.'^but the surface is rough Fairfield taken for prinand^stonv. Agriculture is the cipal business of the inhabitants. 22^* good soil and well watered by Chickopee river. It contain? a flourishcotton ing academy. There are 3 Monson, and other manumills in goods factures. The value of cotton manufactured in the year ending April 1, 18S7, was .$67,500. Monta<;ue, Mass. Franklin co. This town is on river, the E. bank of Connecticut to Deerfield, and united to opposite Turner's that town bv a bridge. the Falls, at the' northerly part of town, are any in the more state, than and probably as interesting �much so as any in The NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. New England. by N. from Boston, Mass. 200 N. by W. from Providence, R. I. 205 N. from Hartford, Ct. 148 n! E. from Albany N. Y. and 524 canal for passing these falls, 3 miles in length and 75 feet lockage, with an immense dam across the river, greatly facilitates the naviga- ; • ; ; miles from Washington. First seton Connecticut river. This tled, in 1786. Population, 1830, place has a great water power, and 2,985. Montpelier became the seat promises peculiar advantages to the of government in 1805, and the manufacturing interest. The scene- shire town of the county, in 1811. ry around this place is romantic and It is finely watered by Onion river beautiful, and to the lovers of antiand by several branches of that quarian lore, full of interesting as- stream. These streams afford a sociations. good water power, on which are It lies 80 miles W. by N. from manufacturing establishments of vaBoston, and 7S. E. from Greenfield. rious kinds. The surface of the Incorporated, 1753. Population, in town is very uneven and hilly, but 1837, 1,260. not mountainous. The soil is very good along the streams, and the Moiatgoniery, Vt, highlands produce excellent pasFranklin co. This town lies in a turage. The agricultural products mountainous country, but it has a are various and valuable. In 1837 valuable tract of land on Trout rivthere were between 8,000 and 9,000 er, a good mill stream, a branch of sheep in the town. the Missisque. It lies 42 miles N. This township was granted Octofrom Montpelier, and 27 E. N. E. ber 21, 1780, and chartered to Timfrom St. Albans. First settled, in othy Bigelow and others, August 1793. Population, 1830, 460. 14, 17S1, containing 23,040 acres. The Rev. Joel Clapp was the first It was rechartered February 6, child born in this town, September 1304. In the spring of 1786, Joel 14, 1793. He preached the first Frizzle erected a log house on the fast-day sermon, the first thanksbank of Onion river, in the southgiving sermon, and the first mcfthwest corner of this township, and er's funeral sermon, which were moved his family into it from Canapreached in the town. da. This was the first family in fo^wn. Early in the month of May, Moiatgoiiiery, Mass. 17&-7, Col. Hampden co. This is a moun- Davis, from Jacob and Gen. Pailey Worcester county,Mass. tainous township on the N. side of began improvements near the place Westfield river, and has a good wa- where the village now stands, and ter power. It lies 100 miles W. by erected a log house, into which S. from Boston, and 12 N. Yv. from Col. Davis removed his family the Springfield. Incorporated, 1780 winter followino-. Population, 1837, 497. This is a The village of Montpelier is surgood town for grazing, and it pro- rounded by hills of considerable elduces considerable wool and some evation; and although it is too lowbeef cattle. to command an extensive prospect, is very pleasant, and quite Moiitpelier, "Vt. romantic in its appearance. It is located The capital of the state and shire very near the centre of the state town of the county of Washino-ton It is a great thoroughfare from all It lies in N. lat. 44° 17', and' w" directions, and com^nands a large Ion. 72° 36'. It is 182 miles w". and valuable interior trade. The from Augusta, Me. 97 N. N. W. buildings are in good style some from Concord, N, H. ; 160 N.' W.' of which are tion I : ; ; very handsome. ���NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. We take pleasure in presentinf^ to the graving of the Vermont State House, Young, New Esq., a native of public a well executed en- Montpelier at ; designed by A. B. England, and executed under his imrae-' diate superintendence. The engraving and fronts, is which represents a southeast front view of the building, stands on an elevated site, about 325 feet from State street, on to it are large and spacious, and, are laid out, give great importance to the building. design, a chaste architectural character is preserved, which, combined with the convenient arrangement of the interior and the stability of its New construction, renders this edifice equal in every respect to any in England, and probably any in the United to it The yard and in the manner they Through the whole and execution. alike beautiful in design grounds pertaining which The States. building is in the form of a cross, showing in front a centre, 72 feet wide, and two wings, each 39 six making the whole length 150 feet. 100 feet deep the wings are 50 feet, cluding the portico, is ; The feet diameter at their base, columns of the portico are 6 centre, in- The feet deep. and 36 feet The dome high, supporting an entablature of classic proportions. rises 36 feet above the ridge, making the whole height from the ground 100 The feet. to conform order of architecture used to the the Grecian Doric, and is made The is peculiar arrangement necessary in this building. walls, columns, cornices, &c., are of dark Barre granite, superior manner: the dome and roofs are wrought in a covered with copper. In the interior, the lower story contains an Entrance Hall, rooms for the Secretary of State, Treasurer, Auditor, and numerous Committee The rooms. second or principal story, contains a Vestibule, and stair- 67 feet, with a Lobby, and Galleries ways, a Representatives Hall, 57 by a Senate Chamber, 30 by 44 feet, with Lobby and Gallery j ; a Governor's room, 24 by 20 feet, with an ante-room, and a room for his for spectators Secretary adjoining officers of the mittee rooms. a Library room, 18 ; by 36 feet ; rooms for the several Senate and House of Representatives, and several com- The cost of this building, including all expenses, was about $132,100; of which the inhabitants of Montpeher paid $15,000. At the first session of the Legislature of in October, 1838, the following resolution Vermont, within this building, was unanimously adopted : " Resolved, by the General Assembly of the the thanks of this Legislature be presented to as a testimonial of their approbation of the State of Ammi taste, B. Vermont, that Young, ability, perseverance which he has manifested in the design and execution new capitol of this state talents and taste of ; which Mr. Youjvg will abide as a lasting as an Architect." Esq., fidelity monument of and the of the �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER, Moiitville, Waldo Me. 206. This is a beautiful and flourishing town, watered by some of the head branches of Sheepscot river, 26 miles E. N. E. from Augusta, and 15 W. from Belfast. CO. Incorporated, 1807. 1830,1,243; Population, in 1837,1,987. Wheat crop, 1837, 8,088 bushels. Montville, Ct. New London taken from co. New Montville was London Mohegan was then included in the limits same of that town. At the time there were in Stonington 237; in Groton 186; in Lyme 104^ in Norwich 61, and in Preston 30in all, S24. Most of these may be considered as descended from those who once owed some kind of allegiance to Uncas. Dr. Holmes, who visited Mohegan in 1803, says that " there were not more than 80 persons of this tribe remaining, and that John Cooper, the lichest man in the tribe, possessing a yoke of oxen and two cows, was then their religious teacher." Four years after, they were reduced in number to sixty nine, these being for the in 1786. surface is hilly and stony; the soil a dry, gravelly loam, strong and fertile. It lies on the W. side of the river Thames, 35 miles S. E. from Hartford, 8 N. from most part aged persons, widows, and London, and 7 S. from Norwich. fathei-less children. The town has a good water powciWithin the course of a few years and contains 3 cotton and 2 woolen past, an effort has been made to elfactories, and an oil mill. Popula- evate and rescue the remnant of tion, 1830, 1,964. this tribe from extinction. small This, and a large tract of country house for divine worship has been lying north and east of it, formerly erected, and also a house for a teachbelonged to the Mohegans, a tribe er tov/ards erecting this last buildof Indians once celebrated for their ing the United States government warlike prowess and fiiendship to appropriated 500 dollars; they have the EngUsh. In Montville is a also allowed, recently, 400 dollars tract reserved by the state, for the annually for the support of a teachmaintenance of a remnant of that er. The school, consisting of uptribe, "on the land of their fathers." wards of 20 scholars, at this time is The Mohegan reservation consists under the care of Mr. Anson G leaof about 2,700 acres. It was holdson, who also officiates as a religious en by them in common till the teacher at the Mohegan Chapel. year 1790, when it was divided to Mr. GleasoR commenced his labors each family by the leoislature of among this people in 1832, and it is Connecticut. The Mohegans are firmly believed that his efforts to under the care of guardians, or overpromote the welfare of this people seers, appointed by the legislature. will be attended with lasting and part ot the lands are occupied by beneficial effects. Mr. Gleason the Indians themselves, and a part says, " that he can say for a certainby white tenants, of which there ty, that the native children are as are as many as Mohegans Hving on apt to learn as any children he ever the reservation. The rents go into taught, and bid fair for intellio;8nt a common fund, from which the men and women." He also s'ays, Mohegans derive, individually, a " This tribe had well nigh run out small sum annually. by indulging in the use of ardent In 1774, when a census of the inspirits ; but of late there is a change habitants of Connecticut was taken, for the better, a number of reforthere were in the colony 1,363 Inmations having taken place. Most dians. The number in the township of the youth are opposed to strong of London was stated to be drink, and are members of the tern- The New A ; A ' New �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. perance reform. The greater part of the working men follow the whale trade, and come home only now and We are on the increase, then. and hope in the course of a few years, through the mercy of God, to rise in point of virtue and i-espectabili. . . ty." The Mohegan church is between three and four miles from Norwich city, a few rods east of the public road from Norwich to New London. It is beautifully situated on an eminence commanding a fair view of Norwich at the north, and London at the south. It was built in 1831, at an expense of between six and seven hundred dollars, con- New tributed for the purpose mostly by benevolent ladies in the cities of Norwich, Hartford and New Lon- designed for the use of the Mohegans, and the white inhabitants who reside on the re- don, 1 his house is The Mohegan schoolservation. house is 40 or 50 rods south of the chapel, at the foot of the hill, near by which is the house for the teachAbout 100 rod3 west of the er. chapel, on the summ.it of a commanding eminence, was situated a Mohegan fort, some traces of which remain they also had another near the river. fort ; «« Ln wliere a sivarre fortress frown'd Amid yon bluoil-cemenieLl srround, ! hallowetl dome, with peaoefu'. .'laim, Shall bear the meek Redeemer's name; And forms liKe those that lini^ering stayed Latrst 'i:eath Calvary's awful shade, And p.inl!cst pierc'd the g.ther'd gloom A the S ivior's lowly tomb— I'orms the Indian's ire Have sootli'd and bade that dome aspire. >.nd now, wh 're rose the murderous yell, The tuneful hvmn to God shall swellWhere vengeance spread a fatal snare, To watch Su:h eentle Shall breathe the red man's contrite prayer." Moose Rivers. Moose river, \n Maine, is a large It tributary to Moosehead lake. rises in the western part of Somerset county, and after receiving the waters of several large ponds in that quarter, it passes through Bras- sua lake, 4 or 5 miles ^y. of the Moosehead. Moose river, in New Hampshire, source on the N. side of the White Mountains, and unites v/ith the Androscoggin in Shelburne. Its source is very near that of Israel's river, which passes W. into the Connecticut. has its Moose river, in Vermont, is a it rises branch of the Passumpsic in Granby and East Haven, and falls into that river at St. Johnsbury. } This, in many places, is a rapid stream, about 25 miles in length. Moose Head Lalie, Me. This lake, the outlet of which is source of Kennebec river, lies Its in the county of Piscataquis. form is very irregular. Its length is between 40 and 50 miles, and its breadth, in the widest part, about the The tributaries are numerous, and flow from almost every 12 miles. direction. It contains a islands, the largest of number which is of Su- gar island, containing 5,440 acres, and Deer island, containing 2,000 acres. These islands are fertile, as the whole country surrounding the lake, except in some places where the banks are high and preThe waters are deep and cipitous. abound in trout of an extraordinary is size. It is remarkable that the territory surrounding this inland sea, possess- rich abundance all the necessary requirements for the uses and comforts of man, and within three hundred miles of the capital of New England, should be left a wilderness garden, uninhabited and almost unexplored; while thous- ino- in ands of Nev.' England men are pressing to distant regions, less healthfuf, ?LnA I ess productive, \\\^Qr\ markets for surplus produce are considered. The only settlement, of any con- sequence, on the borders of this beautiful lake, is HaskelVs Plantation, at the southern boundary.— �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER, This place lies 15 miles N. from Monson, from which town stages A pass to Bangor, 60 miles. steamboat plies up and down the lake, for the purpose of transporting passengers, more particularly those who are engaged in felling timber; and for the pui-pose of towing the timber down to the Kennebec out- let. The lumber business on this lake very extensive, and doubtless lucrative but the time is not very distant when this and other sections of Maine, will be as much valued for the fruits of the soil and, under the wise system of geological exploration, adopted b}/ the legisla- the north peak above tide water, ii 4,636 feet that of the south peak, is 4,536 feet. Baker's river has its source on its eastern side. — Mooseluc]kmaguiitic A lialte, Me. sheet of water which empties into the -Molechunkamunk, about 2 miles south. large is ; ; ture, for the quarries of slate, lime, granite, marble, and even coal, as they are now for their forests of timber. may This lake two bays. tre of er A little be divided into above the cen- less it, is a narrow pass of rath- than a mile across. At this place, on the v/estern side, is Mount Keneo,an elevation of five or over the water. From this height a picturesque view of the lake, its islands, six hundred feet projecting and a boundless wilderness, is presented. When the wind blows fresh from the north, the waters of the north bay press through this strait with considerable force, and cause the south bay to rise two or three feet. A dam has been erected at the the purpose of raisinothe lake 3 or 4 feet, so as to let the the water off as occasion may require, to facilitate the passage of lumber on the river. hope, for the benefit of our friends down stream, that the dam is of solid materials and well constructed. outlet, for We Mooseliillock Moiintaiai, N. H., Is a noble and lofty eminence in the S. E. pai-t of Coventry, and ranks in among New the highest mountains The altitude of England. "Washington co. Mad river, a branch of the Onion, waters this town and gives it good mill seats. The surface is mountainous, and a great part of the soil unfit for cultiFirst settled, 1700. Population, 1830, 816. It lies 8 miles vation. S. W. from Montpelier. Moi-gau, Wt. Orleans co. First settled, ISOO. It lies 50 miles N. E. from Montpelier, and 15 N. N.E. from Irasburgh, Population, 1830, 331. Knowllun's lake, a handsome sheet of water, containing a variety of fish, lies in. this town. It is 4 miles in length, and 2 in breadth, and empties nito Clyde river. Morrlsto-4vii, Vt. Lamoille co. This town lies 20 W. from Montpelier, fi-om Hyde Park. First miles N. by and 6 S. settled, 1790. Population, 1830, 1,315. The surface of the town is diversified by hills and valleys; the soil is good, particularly on the banks of Lamoille river, which affords some water power. Here is a neat village, and considerable The people business. are generaland produce cattle, butter, cheese, and a large quantity of wool for market. ly farmers, Moscow, Me. Somerset co. Moscow is watered by a pond, and by a beautiful stream, a branch of the Kennebec, and lies on the east side of that river. It is 30 miles N. from Nor- �NEW ENGLAND ridgewock, and 58 N. from Augusta. This town has a good soil and a It was incorpopleasant village. Population, 1837, rated in 1816. 477. Wheat crop, same year, 4,273 bushels. Moiiltonlborouglij N. Strafford W. If., situated on the N. Winnepisiogee lake. co., is shore of This interesting town lies 45 miles N. from Concord, and 20 E. from PlyThis town is broken by mouth. mountains and ponds. Red Hill, lying wholly within this town, commands notice from the east, south, and west and extends about 3 miles from E. to W., between Red Hill river on the N., Great Squam on the W., Great Squam and Long pond on the S., terminating S. E. by a neck of line land extending Its suminto the Winnepisiogee. mit is covered with the uvce iirsi and low blueberry bush, which in autumn give the hill a reddish hue, from which circumstance its name was probably derived. A number of oval bluffs rise on its summit, from each of which the prospect on either hand is extensive and deThe north bluff is suplightful. posed to consist of a body of iron Bog ore is found in a brook ore. Ossidescending from this bluff. pee mountain extends its base into this town, and is a commanding ; On elevation. the south part of mountain, in Moultonborough, mineral chalybeate spring, the waters strongly impregnated with iron and sulphur, and efficacious About a in cutaneous eruptions. mile north is a spring of pure cold water, 16 feet in diameter, through this is a the centre of which the water, containing a small portion of fine white sand, is constantly thrown up to the height of two feet the spring furnishing water sufficient for mills. On the stream nearly a mile below, is a beautiful waterfall of 70 feet Descending on the perpendicular. left of this fall, a cave is found, con- — 23 GAZETTEER. taining charcoal and other evidences of its having been a hiding place for the Indians. Red Hill river originates in Sandwich, and passes through this town into the Long pond Winnepisiogee. is a beautiful sheet of water, and connects with the lake by a channel Squam and sixty rods in length. Winnepisiogee lakes lie partly in Moultonborough. The soil of this town is though in some Moultonborough was 1763, to Col. Jonathan fruitful, parts rocky. granted in Moulton and others. commenced Settlements in 1764. Many Indian implements and relhave been found indicating this to have been once their favorite residence. In 1820, on a small island in the Winnepisiogee,was found a curious gun barrel, much worn by ics age and rust, divested of its stock, enclosed in the body of a pitch pine Its butt tree 16 inches in diameter. rested on a flat rock, its muzzle elIn 1819, a small evated about 30°. dirk, 1 1-2 feet in length from the point to the end of the hilt, round blade, was found in a new field, one foot under ground, bearing strong marks of antiquity. On the line of Tuftonborough, on the shore of the lake, at the mouth of Melvin river, a gigantic skeleton was found about 30 years since, buried in a sandy soil, apparently that of a man more than seven feet high the jaw bones easily passing over tumuthe face of a large man. lus has been discovered on a piece of newly cleared land, of the length and appearance of a human grave, — and A handsomely rounded with small stones, not found in this part which stones are of the country too closely placed to be separated by striking an ordinary blow with a crow-bar, and bear marks of being The Ossipee tribe a composition. of Indians once resided in this vicinity, and some years since a tree was standing in Moultonborough, on which was carved in hieroglyph; �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. ics the history of tlieir expeditions. Population, 1S30, 1,422. Mouat Desert, Me. Hancock co. This town comwhole island of the same name, lying between Frenchman's bay and the watei-s of Blue Hill bay, and Union river, until 1795, when the north part was set off and called Eden. It lies 110 miles E. from Augusta. Incorporated, 1789. unfit for cultivation, it being so high on the Green mountain range. It lies 6G miles S. by W. from Montpelier, and 19 S. by E. from Rutland. Population, 1830, 210. is prised the Population, 1837, 1,783. This town has an extensive coast, and a number of excellent harbors. The people of Mount Desert own considerable navigation employed in the coasting trade ; and the shore fishery, is a lucrative branch of The soil of the town is business. good, and abundantly able to supply the inhabitants with bread stuffs. In 1837, the ocean towns of Mount Desert and Eden, produced 671 of good wheat. We men- busheb show there must be something, other than sea causes that valuable air, v/hich grain to blight on the coast of Massachusetts. tion this fact, to Mount that Holly, Vt. A pleasant town Rutland co. lying CO miles S. from Montpclier, and 17 S. E. from Rutland. First settled, 1781. Population, 1830, The surface of the town is 1,318. elevated, and in some ports mountainous, but the soil is well adapted and produces considerable quantities of wool, beef, butter, and cheese. for grazing, Mounts Holyoke «fc Toin, Mass. See JYorihampton. Mount Hope, And Mount Hope Bay. Bristol, M. See I. Mount Tal>or, Vt. Rutland CO. Otter Creek rises in thi'? town, by a branch on each side of a mountain. Most oi' the land Mount Vernon, Me. Kennebec This town co. lies W. of Belgrade, E. of Vienna, and 15 miles N. W. from Augusta. Incorporated, 1792. Population, 1837, There are three pleasant 1,503. villages in the town the soil is remarkably good, and is watered by a number of beautiful ponds and small streams. Wheat crop, 1837, 5,888 bushels. : Movmt Vernon, K". H., Hillsborough co., is 3 miles N. W. from Amherst, and 28 S. W. from Concord. There is but one stream of any note, and this was called by the Indians Quohquina- passakessananagnog. tion is elevated, The situa- and towards the E. and S E. there is a considerable prospect. There is a flourishing village situated near the highest point of elevation. This town was originally a part of Amherst, from which it was detached in 1803. Dr. Daniel Adams, who com- menced and conducted the Medical and Agricultural Register, and is author of a popular system of arithmetic, school geography, and a number of useful school books, has his residence in this place. Popu- lation, 1830, 7G3. Mount Wasliington, Mass. Berkshire co. This town lies in W. corner of the state, bordering on Ct. and N. Y. It is 135 miles W, by S. from Boston, 22 S. S. W. from Lenox, and 26 S. E. fiom Hudson, N. Y. Incorporated, 1779. Population, 1837, 337. These people seem to enjoy a more elevated situation than any of one of their hills their neighbors They is 3,150 feet above the sea. keep GOO sheep, and manufacture the S. : �NEW ENGLAND about 100,000 bushels of charcoal, mountain stream afannually. fords them a water power for an axe These people, factory and forge. likewise, appear to be more inde- A pendent of the common wants of mankind than other folks; for they have no minister, physician, lawyer, post office, or tavern, yet they are remarkably healthy ; and as far as we can judge, intelligent and kind. Muscougus River and Bay, Me. Lincoln J\Tuscongus river, rises in large ponds in the interior of the county, and on the border of Waldo county it passes through Waldoborough, and separating Bremen and Friendship, it forms the head waters of Muscongus bay. This bay has a number of islands and lies between St. George's islands off the town of St. George, on the E., and Pemmaquid point, co. : — in Bremen, on the W. Naliaut; Mass. a part of the beautiful town of It is a peninsula, jutting out about 5 miles into Massachu- is Lynn. bay, and forms Lynn bay on From Boston to Nahant the south. hotel, on the eastern point of the peninsula, by land, is 14 miles from the centre of Lynn, 5; and from Salem 9 miles. On the N. E. side of this peninsula is a beach of great length and smoothness. It is setts so hard that a horse's foot-steps are scarcely visible ; and, from half-tide to low water, it affords a ride of su- exaggeration. ing, excellent accommodations: the ocean scenery is exceedingly beautiful in fair weather, and truly sublime in a storm. Nautasket, Mass. See Hull. Nantucket Co. Mass. and Totvu* An island in the Atlantic ocean town and county. It lies E. of Dukes county, and about 30 miles S. of Cape Cod, or Barnstable counThis island is about 15 miles in length, from east to west, and about 4 miles average breadth. It contains 50 square miles. The town, formerly called Shelhurne, is in about the centre of the island, on the north side, in lat. 41° 16' 42", W. Ion., 70° 7' 42". It is 100 miles S. E. by S. from Boston, 55 S. E. Bedford, 30 S. E. from from ty. New Falmouth, and 500 from Washing Population, 1337, 9,048. harbor, with 7 1-2 feet of water, at low tide, on the bar at its mouth. This island was formerly well wooded, but for many years it has not had a single The soil is tree of natural growth. ton. Nantucket has a good This celebrated watering place, perior excellence. said in praise of GAZETTEER. Much may be Nahant without Its formation, situa- and rugged shore, excites the curiosity of all, and many thousands annually visit it for health, or tion, pleasure. It is only 10 miles N. E. from Boston, by the steam-boats, continuat ally plying in summer months this place are good lishing and fowl: light and sandy; it however affords pasturage for about 7,000 sheep, 500 cows, and other cattle. In 1659, when this county was incorporated, the island contained 3,000 Indians, but now, not one. The whale fishery commenced here in 1690 ; and this place is, perhaps, more celebrated than any other, for the enterprize and success of its people, in that species of nautical adventure. Indeed Nantucket is the mother of that great branch of wealth in America, In the year if not in the world. ending April 1, 1837, Nantucket employed 74 vessels in that fishery, the tonnage of which was 25,875 tons 1,277,009 gallons of sperm and whale oil was imported, the value of which was $1,114,012. The number of hands employed, was 1,897. The capital invested. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. fertility and beauty; the principal of which are Connanicut, Prudence, Patience, Block and Hope. This bay is near the ocean ; is accessible at all seasons is well protected by powerful forts, and affords some of the best harbors in the world. The board of naval commissioners have recently reported to Congress that the waters of Narraganset Bay afford greater advantages for a naval depot, than any other unoccupied position on the coast of the United this includes the ; ships and outfits only ; yet many of the manufactories of tlie place, are appendages of the whale fishery ; altogether, employing a capital of over five millions of dollars. There are manufactures on the island, of vessels, whale boats, bar iron, tin ware, boots, shoes, oil casks, and was $2,520,000 ; candle boxes. The whole amount of the manufactures, for that year, including oil and candles, was ^2,524,907. Total tonnage of the district of Nantucket, in 1S37, 29,960 States. tons. Narraguagus River & Bay, Me. Great attention is paid to education on this island. The men are noted for their sedateness and daring spirit, and the women for their intelligence and beauty. JVantucket Shoals is a dangerous place, where many a sailor has found a watery grave. They lie S. E. from the island, and cover an area of about 50 by 45 miles. Washington co. The river rises in several ponds in Beddington, and passing in a southeastern direction, falls into a bay of the same name, between Harrington and Steuben. The bay contains a number of islands, between which is a good passage into Pleasant bay, on the east side. Naples, Me. IVastiawn Island, Mass., This town was formed from Otisfield and Raymond, and incorporated in 1S34. It is watered by Sebago and Songo ponds, and Crooked and Muddy rivers. It has good mill privileges, and a pro- Cumberland ductive co. W. A beautiful stream on the S.part of co. N.H. has its source Worcester county, Massachusetts. It is formed of two branches called the north and south branches. The north branch is formed of two streams, one from Ashburnham, the other from Wachuset ponds. The south branch is composed of Still in from Portland. 'Narraganset Bay, R. Nasliua River, Hillsborough Population, 1837, 722. Naples lies 63 miles W. S. W. from soil. Augusta, and 27 N. N. And Nashawejvna. See Eliz" abeth Islands. I. This delightful bay lies wholly within the limits of Rhode Island its entrance extends from Point Juriver, issuing from the E. side of dith on the west, to Seaconnet Wachuset mountain, and a small Rocks on the east, and terminates stream from Quinepoxet pond in at Bullock's point, about 6 miles Holden. These branches are unibelow the city of Providence. The ted in Lancaster, from which the length of this bay is about 28 miles main river proceeds in a N. E. its breadth varies from 3 to 12 miles. course to Harvard, Shirley, Groton, It receives the waters of the Taunand Pepperell in Massachusetts ton, Providence, Pawtuxet, and and from thence into New Hampother rivers, and on its borders are shire through Hollis, and nearly Newport, Bristol, Warren, and oth- the centre of the town of Nashua, er large and flourishing towns. It where it falls into the Merrimack is decked with many islands of great river. : : �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Nasliua, N. H. Hillsborough co. This town originally embraced a large extent of territory, and was called DunIt lies 34 miles stable until 1S36. S. by E. from Concord, 12 S. E. from Amherst, and 12 N. W. from Lowell. The population of Dunstable, in 1830, was 2,414. Population of Nashua, in 1S36, 5,0G5 ; 1837, 5,G13; 1838, 5,691. In the N. E. part of the town, on Nashua river, is the flourishing Village of A^'ashiia, the centre of a considerable trade, and the seat This of important manufactures. village contains 8 beautiful churches, a large number of elegant dwelling-houses, 50 stores, and 10 taverns. The JS^'ashiia Coynpany was factures on Nashua river and the waters of Salmon brook. The Nashua and Lowell rail- road was opened for travel on the Sth of October, 1838. The soil of Nashua has considerable variety. It is easy of cultivation, and is generally productive. The east part of the town, lying on the river, presents avery level surface. The west parts are divided into hills and valleys, but the whole township may be considered far from being hilly or mountainous. watered by the Nashua river, a fertilizing stream, which rises in the state of Massachusetts, and Salmon brook, a small stream which originates from several ponds in It is Both of these empty into Merrimack river, the former at Manufacturing Nashua village, the latter about one incoi-porated in 1823. Ithas three cotton mills, 155 feet in length, 45 in breadth and six stories in height. They contain 22,000 spindles, 710 looms, and manufacture 9,390,000 yai-ds of cloth per annum. Their canal is 3 miles long, 60 feet wide, and 8 feet deep. Head and fall, 33 feet. Capital, $750,000. Groton. and a half mile below. This was for a long time a frontier town, and the first settlers were many in times annoyed by the Indians, the successive v/ars in which country was engaged with them. In the war with the famous Narraganset sachem, this town was much exposed, and some of this the inhabitants fled to the older set- In Lovewell's war, the The Jackson Manvfacturing tlements. Company was incorporated in 1824. company in this town under the Capital, $600,000. They have two brave Capt. John Lovewell, acquircotton mills, 155 feet long, 47 wide, These mills and 4 stories high. contain 11,500 spindles, and 388 looms. They manufacture 5,634,000, yards of cloth annually. Their canal is half a mile in length, and serves for transportation on the Head and fall, 20 feet. The volume of water afforded by the Nashua river, at the dryest sea- river. son of the year, is 180 cubic feet per second. The number of operatives in all fethe mills at Nashua is 1,448: The males, 1,288; males, 160. number of pounds of cotton used is 14,500 per day, or 4,533,500 lbs. per Their ed an imperishable name. successes at first, and misfortunes afterwards, have been often repeated and are generally known. Dunstable belonged to Massachusetts till the divisional line between the two provinces of Massachusetts and New Hampshire wms settled, in 1741. It was incorporaHampshire, April 1, ted by 1746, and the name was altered to Nashua in December, 1836. New NatcSiaiig River, Ct. — annum. There are other valuable manu- 23* This is the largest branch of the It rises in Union and Woodstock, and joins the Shetucket near the line of Chaplin and Mans- Sheiucket. field. �NEW ENGLAND Watick, Mass. GAZETTEER. eral river. It contains numerous valuable mill seats. There are in the town 6 paper mills, a cotton factory, and manufactures of shoes, hats, and v/indow blind hinges with annual value, about Middlesex CO. Natick is a pleasant town, of good soil it is watered by Charles riv^er, and contains sev: delightful ponds, well stored fish. This was a favorite resort of the Indians. There are : Incorporated, 1711. Population, 1837, l,4i)2. Needham lies 4 m.iles N. W. from Dedham, and 12 W. S. W. fi-om Boston, by the Boston and Worcester rail-road. some moderate elevations in the town: the Indians used to call it " the place of hills." Under the advice and direction of the apostle Elliot, the first Indian church in England was Neddocli, Cape, Me. New A rocky, barren bluff, inhabited by a fev.f fishermen, about 3 miles N. from York harbor. formed here in IfiGO, and comprised 40 communicants. The manufactures of the town consist principally of shoes. Dur- Mclson, M. ing the year ending April 1, 1837, 250,650 pairs were made, valued at $213,053 employing 452 hands. This town was incorporated in 1781. Population, 1830,890; 1837,1,221. It lies 1() miles W. S. W. from Boston, and 12 S. from Concord. ; River, Ct, The best mill privileges are furnished by streams issuing from ponds in this town, of which there are four, containing a surface of 1,800 acres. There is a cotton and other manufactories. The inhabitants arc principally farmers of industiious habits. It was chartered Feb. 22, 1774, by the name of Pachersfiehl. In June, 1814, the river. This important mill stream is ahout 50 miles in length. It lises in the north part of Litchfield county, and after traversing a S. course nearly the whole length of that county, it crosses the west part of New Haven county, and falls into the Hnusatonick at Derby. Neal's Bi'ooli and Pond, Vt. Neal's brook, or branch, rises in Lunen burgh and the border of Guildhall, and running south falls into a pond of the same name. It continues its course south and meets the Connecticut. This is a short stream, but valuable on account of its water power. JYeaVs pond, a mile in length, and a half mile in width, is a handsome sheet of water, and contains a variety of fish. Needliani, Mass. name was altered to Nelson. The settlements commenced inl767. Nelson lies 40 miles S. W. from Concord, and 8 N. E. from Keene. Population, 1830, 875. first I K'ep onset Hiver, Norfolk The Mass. sources ot this river are in Canton, Stoughton, and Sharon. It receives a tributary from Charles river. Mother brook, so called, and meets the tide of Boston harbor at Milton Mills, 4 miles from Dorchester bay. This is a noble mill stream on its navigable waters is the depository of the Quincy granite rail-road company, and CO. : Norfolk CO. This town is nearly surrounded by the waters of Charles II,, Cheshire co., is situated on tlie height of land between Connect! cut and Meriimack rivers. The surface is hilly, but good for grazing. In the S. part^ a branch of the Ashuelot river rises and from Long pond in this town, and Hancock, issues a branch of Ccntoocook : K'aiigat'iicls; ie;150,00{). �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. at its mouth is Commercial Point, in Dorchester, a beautiful place, with an excellent harbor. Ke^vaggen, Cape, Me. with the village of Fairferry has also been established, on which it is proposed to run a steam boat. New Bedford was incorporated nects it haven. A This cape is a part of the town of Loothbay. It extends about 5 miles into the sea, and forms the eastern in 1787, previous boundary of Sheepscot's bay. was Ne-^vai-k, Vt. Caledonia co. The Passumpsic river is formed in this town by a collection of streams issuing principally from ponds. The town is not mountainous, but the soil is cold and generally unproductive. It lies 44 miles N. E. from Montpe!ier,and 19 N. W. from Guildhall. First settled, ISOO. Population, in 1830, 257. K'e^v Aslifortl, Mass. Berkshire co. This is a mountainous township, but the soil is good for grazing. In 1S37, tlie value of 2,708 fleeces of wool, produced in tliis town, weighing 7,785 pounds, was worth $3,893. New Ash ford produces fine white and variegated marble, and is the source of Green river. It lies 130 miles W. by N. from Boston, and 18 N. from Lenox. Incorporated, 1801. Population, 1837, 253. Neiv Bedford, Mass. This is a half shire town of Bristol county, and port of entry, pleasantly situated on the W. side of the a river, or more pi-opcrly an estuary, connected with BuzThe ground on which zard's bay. the town stands rises rapidly from the river, and allbrds an interesting view from the opposite side. The upper part of the town is laid out into beautiful streets, which contain many costly and superb Acushnet, dwellings. This harbor, though not easy of access, is capacious and well securwooden bridge, ed from winds. near the centre of the town, con- A to stituted a part of the mouth. which it contown of Dart- In 1812, the eastern part separate township by the name of Fairhaven. The almost exclusive business of the place is the whale fishery, which commenced before the war of the revolution, and has gradually grown to its present importance. The increase, however, within the last 12 years has been more rapid than during any former period. The number of ships and brigs now employed is 160. Tonnage of the district, in 1837, 85,130 tons. There are 16 oil manufactories, at which a large amount of oil and canconsiderable quandles is made. tity of the oil imported is, however, sold in the crude state to other plaset otf as a A ces. The manufactures of the town consist of leather, boots, shoes, hats, iron castings, axes, chairs, tin and cabinet wares, vessels, salt, cordage, soap, Prussian blue, paper hangings, carriages, looking-glass the fiames, and carpenter's tools total value, for the year ending April 1, 1837, including oil and can: amounted to .$€90,800. There were imported, during that year, dles, 2,472,735 gallons of oil, and 305,170 pouu'is of whale bone, the value The of which was $1,750,832. capital invested in the whale fish- The numery was $4,210,000. ber of hands employed was 4,000. Few places in Massachusetts have increased in population more rapidly than tills. By the census of 1790, the population of the village was In 1830, the township about 700. in 1833, 9,200, contained 7,592 and in 1837, 14,304. ; V/ilhin a few years, the inhabitants of this town have manifested a commendable liberality in providing the �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. There is a means of education. flourishing academy in the town, and large sums are annually appropriated tor the maintenance of public and private schools. rail-road will soon be constructed from this place, to meet the Bos- A ton and Scekonk, of Fall River; or to Providence, at by the way meet the Taunton ton. By rail-road at Tauneither of those routes, a Boston or New York, would A large and be very pleasant. wealthy town, highly flourisliing in its commerce and manufactures like this, with the neighboring islands of Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, seem to require it. New Bedford lies 52 miles S. from Boston, 52 N. W. from Nantucket, 14 E. by S. fi-om Fall River, 20 S. S. E. from Taunton, and 214 N. E. by E. from New York. trip to Ne^v Bostoii, N. 11., Hillsborough co., is 9 miles N. N. W. from Amherst, and 22 S. by W. from Concord. It is watered by several streams, the largest of which is the S. branch of Piscataquog river, having its source in Pleasant pond, in Francestown. This town consists of fertile hills, productive vales, and some valuable The soil is favorable for the vai'ious productions common to this section of the state, and there are many excellent farms, under good cultivation. In the S. part of Boston, there is a considerable elevation, called Jo English hill, on one side of which it is nearly perpendicular. Its height is 572 feet. 1768; died May 28, 1803, aged 67. Population, 1830, 1,680. New Braiiitree, Mass. Ware river and co. other streams water this town, and Worcester afford town The is Ne^\'l>«irgli, Me. Penobscot co. This is a good township of land, 54 miles N. E. from Augusta, and 14 S. W. from Bangor. Incorporated, 1819. Population, 1830, 626; 1837,867. Watered by a branch of the Sowadabscook. Wheat bushels. crop, 1837, 5,041 Newbury, N. H. Merrimack co. This town was caWed Dantzick ; it was incorporated by the name of Fish- originally ersfield, in 1778, and took ent name, in 1S37. N. all 30 Beard's pond, and Jo English pond, are the only ponds of note. New Boston was granted, 173G, to inhabitants of Boston. It was incorporated, 1763. The first settlement commenced about the year 1733. The first minister was Rev. Solomon Moor, from Ireland, who received his education at Glasgow. In Feb. 1767, he arrived at New Boston, and was ordained Sept. 6, good mill privileges. of the : meadows. New it good, particularly for grazing it has become celebrated for its good farmers, and for its excellent beef cattle, butter and cheese. There is a cotton mill in manufactures of the town, and leather, palm-leaf hats, &c. It lies 60 miles W. from Boston, and 18 W. N. W. from Worcester. Incorporated, 1751. Population, 1837, 780. soil It lies its pres40 miles V/. by W. from Amherst, and W. by N. from Concord. The S. part of N. W. Sunapee lake lies in the Todd pond, 500 rods part. and 60 in width, affords a branch to Warner river. From Chalk pond issues a small stream communicating with Suna- in length, small pee lake. The land is generally mountainous, and the soil hard and rocky. The first settlement in this town was made in the year 1762, by Zephaniali Clark, Esq. Population, 1830, 793. Netvlrary, Vt. This is a beautiful Orange co. town on the W. side of Connecticut river, and supplied with mill privileges by Wells river^ and �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER, Hariman'sand Hill's brooks. These brooks have their sources in ponds Newbury of considerable size. comprises the tract commonly called the Greai Oxbow, on a bend in Connecticut river. This tract is of great extent, and celebrated for its luxuriance and beauty. The agricultural productions of the town are very valuable, consisting of beef cattle, wool, and all the varieties of The town contains a the dairy. number of mineral springs, of some celebrity in scrofulous and cutane- ous complaints. The villages of JVewhury mid Wells River are very pleasant they command a flourishing trade, and contain manufacturing estab: lishments of various kinds. Some of the buildings are very handsome. The scenery of the windings of the river through this fine tract of alluvial meadow, contrasted with the abrupt acclivities in the north part of the town, is very striking and beautiful. The town verhill, is connected with Ha- N. H., by two bridges. It 27 miles S. E. from Montpelier, and 20 N. E. from Chelsea. PopuFirst settled, lation, 1830, 2,252. lies 1764. many The first to go A sandy beach and salt meadow and is noted for the beach plum, which ripens in September. ; A curious cavern, called the " Devil's Den," contains specimens of asbestos, limestone, marble, serpentine and amianthos. The scenery on the high grounds is rich, variegated and beautiful. Dummer academy, founded in 1756, is a flourishing institution: it situated in the parish of " By- is field." The manufactures of Newbury consist of cotton goods, leather, boots, shoes, carriages, cordage, fishing nets, bed cords and cotton lines annual value about ^75,000, : A large number of vessels are built in the town, and some navigation is owned and employed in the coast-, ing trade and fishery. This town is celebrated as the birth place of many distinguished endured men. Theophilus Parsoivs, For some years LL. D., an eminent jurist, was born Charlestown to in Newbury. February 24, 1750. settlers hardships. they had pleasant streams ; the former falls nearly 50 ft^et in the town, and affords it good mill seats. part of Plum island, is attached to this town. This island, about nine miles in length and one in breadth, extending from Ipswich river to the mouth of the Merrimack, is comprised of to mill, 60 miles distant, carrying their grain in canoes down the river, or drawing it on the ice. General Bailey, a patriot of the revolution, distinguished himself in the settlement of the town. The state legislature held their sessions in Newbury, in the years 1787, and 1801. He died in Boston, October 6, 1813. Newbury was first settled, in 1635. Its Indian name \vas Qua/' caciinquen. It lies 31 miles N. by E. from Boston, 17 N. from Salem, and 3 S. from Newburyport. Pop ulation, 1837, 3,771. KTeAvbiiryport, Mass. Newtotiry, Mass. One of the shire towns of Essex county. Thisis considered one of the Essex CO. This ancient and respectable town, lies on Merrimack river, opposite to Salisbury. It formerly comprised the territory of most beautiful towns in New EngIt lies on a gentle acclivity, on the south bank of the Merrimack, at the union of that river with the ocean. In point of terri- Newburyport and West Newbury. The soil is of an excellent quality, and in a high state of cultivation. Parker and Artichoke rivers are land. it is the smallest town in the commonwealth, being only one mile square. It was taken from New- tory, �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. bury in 1764. Population, in 1837, This place has been and 6,741. now is considerably noted for its commerce and ship building. Some of the old continental frigates were built here ; and in 1790, the tonnage of the port was 11,870 tons. Of late years the foreign commerce of the place has diminished, in consequence of a sand bar at the mouth of the harbor. This place has considerable inland and foreign commerce. It has four whale ships, and a large amount of tonnage engaged in the freighting business and the cod and mackerel fisheries. Tonnage of the district, in 1837, 22,078 tons. The manufactures of Nevvburyport consist of cotton goods, boots, shoes, hats, bar iron, iron castings, chairs, cabinet and tin wares, combs, spirits, vessels, snuff, segars, organs, soap and candles: annual amount about $350,000. The product of the whale fishery, the year ending April 1, 1837, was $142,982. During the same period, this town and Newbury had 128 vessels employed in the cod and mackerel 1,000 hands: product that year, $177,700. Newburyport lies 34 miles N. by E. from Boston, 20 N. fiom Salem, 24 S. by W. from Portsmouth, N. H., and 2 miles S. E. from Essex bridge. Lat. 42° 47' N. Ion. 70° 47' W. From the mouth of this harbor. Plum Island, extends to the employing fishery, ; mouth of Ipswich river. The Hon. William Bartlett and Moses Brown, Esq., distinguished for their enterprise and integrity as merchants, were natives of this town. The celebrated George Whitefield, one of the founders of the sect of the Methodists, and one of its most eloquent preachers, died in this town, Sept. 21, 1770. A handsome monument has been erected to his memory, by the Hon. William Bartlett, lowing is This Cenotaph Is erected, with affectionate veneration, to the fola part of the inscription The memory of the Rev. GEORGE WHITEFIELD Born at Gloucester, England, December Educated IG, 1714. Oxford University} Ordained 1736. at In a ministry of thirty-four years, crossed tlie Atlantic thirteen times, He And preached more Than eighteen thousand sermons. As a Soldier of the Cross, humble, devout, ardent. He put on the Whole armor of God; Preferring The honour of Christ To his own interest, repose. Reputation, and life. New Cauaau, Ct. This town was taken from Norwalk and Stamford in 1801. It lies .5 miles N. W. from Norwalk, 37 W. S. W. from New Haven, and 50 N. E. from New York. Population, 1830, 1,826.— Fairfield co. The surface of tlie town is rough and mountainous; the soil is a hard, gravelly loam, but generally productive. The manufacture of shoes is carried on to a considerable extent the annual value is about $400,000. An academy was established here in 1815, and has acquired a high reputation. It stands on an elevated and commanding situation, having a fine prospect of Long Island Sound and the intervening country. Pestles and other Indian implements have been found at the north part of the town, which probably was the resort of the natives. Excavations in solid rock, one large enough to contain eight gallons, are found these were doubtless Indian mor: tars. New Castle, Me. Lincolnco. New Castle lieson the side of Damariscotta river, about 15 miles from its mouth. It is 36 miles S. E. from Augusta, and 8 N. E. from Wiscasset. Incorpo- W. �NEW ENGLAND Population, in 18.37, rated, 1753. This is a pleasant town, and 1,545. flourishing in its trade and navigation. New Castle, N. H., Rockingham co., is a rough and rocky island, situated in Portsmouth harbor, and formerly called Great A handsome bridge, built Island. in 1821, connects this town with Portsmouth. Here is an ancient church. Rev. Samuel Moody preached here previous to the commencement of the ISth century. New Castle was incorporated in This 1693, and contains 458 acres. island was the seat of business, when ancient Strawberry Bank was the mere germ of the town of Portsmouth. Fishing is here pur.sued with success ; and the soil anions: the rocks, being of good quality, is made to produce abundantly. Fort Constitution and the light-house stand on this island. Population, 1830, 850. Ne^v Fairfield, Ct. Fairfield co. This is a small township, rough and hilly, with a hard and gravelly soil. It lies 64 miles S. W. from Hartford, and 7 N. from Danbury. Incorporated, in 1740. Population, 1830, 940. New Durliam, N. H. of the latter is a remarkable cave, the entrance of which is about 3 feet wide and 10 feet high. The outer room is 20 feet square ; the inner apartments become smaller, until at the distance of 50 feet they are too small to be investigated. The sides, both of the galleries and the rooms are solid granite. They bear marks of having been once united, and were probably separated by some great convulsion of nature. There is a fountain, over which a part of Ela's river passes, which is regarded as a curiosity. By sinking a small mouthed vessel into this fountain, water may be procured extremely cold and pure. Its depth has not been ascertained. Near the centre of the town is Rattlesnake hill, the S. side of which is almost 100 feet high, and nearly perpendicular. Several other hills in this town contain precipices and cavities, some of considerable extent. Durham was granted in 1749. It was incorporated Dec. 7, 1762. Elder Benjamin Randall, the founder of the sect of Freewill Baptists, commenced his labors here in 1780, and organized a church. He died in 1808, aged 60. Durham lies 30 miles N. E. New New from Concord, and 32 N. W. by N. Population, in 1830, from Dover. 1,162. The surface of this town is very uneven, a portion so rocky as to be unfit for cultivation. The soil is generally moist, and There well adapted to grazing. Durham, the are 5 ponds in largest of which is INIerrymeeting pond, about 10 miles in circumference, from which a copious and perpetual stream runs into Merrymeeting bay, in Alton. Ela's river flows from Coldrain pond into Farmington, on which is a fine waterfall. The Cocheco also has its source here. Mount Betty, Cropple-crown and Straw's mountains are the principal eminences. On the N. E. side Strafford co. GAZETTEER. New NeM'fane, Vt. Windham County town. about 100 miles S. from Montpelier, and 12 N. W. from Brattleborough. First settled, The town is watered by a 1766. branch of West river, and several other streams. The surface of the town is diversified by hills and valleys; the soil is good, and produces white oak and walnut in abundance. There is but little waste land in the town: the uplands are inferior to none for grazing, and the intervales Newfane afford excellent tillage. exhibits a great variety of minerals. Newfane co. lies �among which are NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. some of value. New Gloucester, Me. Perhaps no town in the state presents a more inviting field for the mineralogist than this. There are two pleasant villages town. The centre village contains the county buildings it is on elevated land, and commands a very extensive and delightful prospect. Population, 1830, 1,441. in the : NeAvfoiind Pond and River,N.H. See Bristol. Novfield, Me. York CO. This town is watered by Little Ossipee river, and lies 99 miles S. W. by W. from Au2:usta, and 15 N. W. from Alfred, "it is a good farming town and produces considerable wheat and wool. It was incorporated in 1794. Population, 1837, 1,322 Cumberland CO. This is a pleasant and flourishing farming town, 23 miles N. from Portland, and 38 S. W. from Augusta. Incorporated, 1774. Population, 1837, 1,861. It watered by Royal's river, on which are mills of various kinds. The soil of the town is very fertile, containing large tracts of intervale. is well The first to build a settlers were compelled block house for their protection against the Indians. In this building the people attended public worship for a number of years. This town has an abundant water power, a school fund of $4,000, and a society of about 300 of those neat and industrious people, " whose faith is one and whose practice is one." See Canterbury, JV. H. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. NEW HAMPSHIRE. This state is bounded north by Lower Canada, east by Maine, south- of Massachusetts, south by Massaeast by the Atlantic and the State by Vermont. Situated between 42° chusetts, and west and north-west 40' and 45° 168, and its and 70° 35' greatest breadth about 90 miles, and 16' N. lat., and 72° 27' W. it Ion. Its length is comprises an area of about 9,280 square miles. and the first setThe first discovery of New Hampshire was in 1614, and Portsmouth, in 1623; tlements made by Europeans were at Dover Pilgrims at Plymouth. The only three vears after the landing of the Hampton, in 1638. The inhabitnext settlements were at Exeter and until after the cession of Canants of these and all the early settlements, annoyed by the Indians, who ada to England by France, were greatly In the rein\rge and powerful bodies in this then wilderness. existed New Hampshire suffered more peated and general wars with the Indians, colony was twice united with that' than any other of the colonies. This separation did not take place until 1741, of Massachusetts, and the final In the revoluwhen the boundaries of the two colonies were settled. and honorable part. a distinguished tionary contest. New Hampshire bore of the was freely shed on most of the battle fields made a public As early as June 15, 1776, New Hampshire revolution. of that year, the Declaration^ of Ixdepei^denck, and in December which adopted a temporary form of Government, The blood of her sons delegates of the people was continued 24 until 1784, when the first constitution was adopted. This �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. beino- found deficient in adopted in 1792, which is some of now its provisions, a new constitution was in force. The executive power h vested in a Governor and five Counsellors, chosen annually by the people. The legislature consists of the Senate, comprising twelve members, chosen in twelve districts, and the House of Representatives, chosen annually in the month of March, every town having 150 rateable polls being entitled to send one, and an additional The legislature assembles representative for every 300 additional polls. Concord, on the first Wednesday of June. annually at All male citizens, of 21 years and upwards, except paupers and persons excused from taxes, have a right to vote for state officers dence of at least three months within the town being required —a resi- to entitle the person to vote. The Courts of Common law terms once rior power judiciary Pleas. vested in a Superior Court of Judicature, and The four Judges of the Superior Court, hold year in each of the counties; and Judges of the Supe- a Court are ex is officio Presiding Judges in the courts of Common Pleas, holden semi-annually in each county, by one of the Superior Judges with the two Associate Justices of the The Judges Common Pleas for each coun'y. hold their offices during good behavior, until 70 years of age but are subject to ; removal by impeachment, or by address of the two houses of the legislature. Succession of Governors. Meshech Weare,* 1776— 1784. John Langdon, 1785. John Sullivan, John Langdon, 1788. John Sullivan, 1789. Josiah BartJohn Taylor Gilman, 1794-1804. John Langdon, lett, 1790—1793. 1805-1808. Jeremiah Smith, 1809. John Langdon, 1810, 1811. William Plumer, 1812. John Taylor Gilman, 1813— 1815. William Plumer, 1816—1818. Samuel Bell, 1819—1822. Levi Woodbury, 1823.— David Lawrence Morril, 1821 1826. Benjamin Pierce, 1827. John Bell, 1823. Benjamin Pierce, 1829. Matthew Harvey, 1830. Samuel Dinsmoor, 1831—1833. William Badger, 1834, 1835. Isaac Hill, 1836 1786, 1787. — — 183S. John Page, 1839— Succession of Chief Justices of the Superior Court, Meshech Weare, 1776—1781. Samuel Livermore, 1782—1789. JoJohn Pickering, 1791—1794. Simeon Olcott, 1795 Jeremiah Smith, 1802— 1808. Arthur Livermore, 1809— 1812. siah Bartlett, 1790. —1801. * The Chief Magistrates were styled Presideiit, until the adoption of the Constitution of 1792, when the title of Governor was substituted. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Jeremiah Smith, 1813—1815. Joel Parker, 1837. New Hampshire Counties. — William Merchant Richardson, 1816 1838— is divided into eight counties, as follows : �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. ern part of the state, are of great elevation, and afford the grandest display of mountain scenery in our country. See Winnepisio gee Lake, and Mountains Wliite Hew hy W. N. W. river, Hamptoii; N. II.j native co., town, in the year 1777. The Academical and Theologi- 30 miles N. from Concord, and about 20 Populafrom Gilmanton. Strafford tion, — also Register. lies cal Institution, in this town, is finely located and in a very prosperous The average number of condition. male and female scholars is about This is one of the best semi375. naries of learning in our country. Pemigewasset which washes the W. bound- 1830, 1,904. is the only stream of magnitude ; and over it is thrown the bridge which vmites the town with ary, See Register. NeAV Hartford, Ct. Bristol. a remarkable spring on the W. side of Kelly's hill in this town, from which issues a stream There is Litchfield co. This town was first settled in 1733. It lies 20 miles N. \Y. from Hartford, and 11 N. E. sufficient to supply several mills. from Litchfield. Population, 1830, This stream is never affected by 1,766. The surface of the town is rains or droughts, and falls into the hilly and mountainous. The lands river after running about a mile. are best adapted for grazing. It is Pemigewasset pond lies on the bor- watered by Farmington river and der of Meredith. There are 4 other other streams, on which are several The soil of mills. ponds in this town. Hampton, though the surface " In the eastern part of ! New this broken and uneven, is remarkably fertile, producing in abundance most kinds of grain and grass. The industry of the inhabitants has en- is abled them in years of scarcity to supply the wants of other towns. In the S. part of the town there is a high hill of a conical form which may be seen in almost any direction from 10 to 50 miles; the prospect from the summit of which is very pleasant. In 1763, Gen. Jonathan Moulton, Hampton, having an ox weighing 1,400 pounds, fattened for the purpose, hoisted a flag upon his horns and drove him to Portsmouth as a present to Gov. Wentworth. He refused to receive any compensation for the ox, but requested and received a charter of a small gore of land of 19,422 acres. This small gore received the name of of JYew Hampton, in honor of liis town rough and mountainous district, formerly designated Satan'' s Kingdom ; and the few inhabitants who lived here were in a measure shut out from the rest of mankind. An inhabitant of the town invited one of his neighbors, there who is a lived within the limits of this district, to go and hear Mr. Marsh, the first minister who was settled in the town. He was prevailed upon to go to church in the forenoon, in the course of his prayer, Mr. Marsh, among other things, prayed that Satan'' s kingdom might he destroyed. It appears that the inhabitant of this district took the expression in a literal and tangible sense, having probably never heard the expression used but in reference to the district wherein he resided. Being asked to go to meeting in the afternoon, he refused, stating that Mr. Marsh had insulted him ; ' for blast �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. him,' said he, "when he prayed for the destruction of Satan's kingdom, he very well knew all my interests lay there." range of secondary country which extends along Connecticut river as "Xew Haven, Vt. that stream, crosses into this county, Addison is various, The of this town consisting of marl, clay co. soil and loam, and is generally productive. The waters of Otter creek, Middlebury river, and Little Otter creek give the town a good water power. There are some manufactures in the town, but agriculture the chief pursuit of the inhabiHaven lies 30 miles W. S. W. from Montpelier, and 7 is tants. New N. W. from Middlebury. County, Ct, Chief town, JVew Haven. Haven county is New bounded N. by and Hartford counties, E. by Middlesex county, S. by Long Island Sound, and West by Litchfield county and the Housatonic river, which separates it from Fairfield county. Its average length from east to west is about 26 miles, and its width from north to south 21 miles; containing 540 square miles, This county, lyor 345,600 acres. ing on Long Island Sound, has a very extensive maritime border, but Litchfield is chiefly confined Its fisheharbor. ries of oysters and clams, and other It is intersectfish, are valuable. ed by several streams, none of them of very large size, but of some value for their water power and fish. Of these the principal are the Pomperaug and Naugatuc, on the west its foreign trade to New Haven Quinnipiac, Menunkatuc, West and Mill rivers, on the east. The Quinnipiac is the largest, and passes through extensive meadows. The by the New Haven and Northampton canal, which passes through this county from north to south. There county is intersected centrally is a great variety of soil in this county, as well as of native vege- 24* Middletown, far as there The leaves and terminates at New Haven. This intersection of the primitive formation, by a secondary ridge, affords a great and materials variety of minerals, for different soils. The population of this county in 1820, was 39,616; 1830,43,847:— 81 inhabitants to a square mile. The manufacturing business is quite extensive in the county, and in 1837 it contained 23,895 sheep. NeAv Haven, First set- tled, 1769. Population, 1830, 1,834. New Haven table and mineral productions. Ct. New Haven, city and town, the chief town of New Haven county, and the semi-capital of the state of Connecticut, is 76 miles N. E. from New York, and 300 from Washing- ton city, in latitude (Yale College Observatory) 41° 18' 30" N., and W. longitude 72° 55'. It is situated on a large and pleasant plain, around the head of a bay which sets up four miles from Long Island Sound. This plain is nearly level, and is partially enclosed by an amphitheatre of lofty hills, and bytwo bold eminences called East and West rocks, which vary in height from 330 to 370 feet. These rocks, which consist of trap, terminate in naked precipitous fronts, and are conspicuous and beautiful objects On the west, the plain is limited by a small stream called West river, and on the east by the Quinnipiack, which is navigable for several miles. Another stream, called Mill river, passes through the eastern part of the city and enters the harbor in union with the Quinnipiack. Haven was planted in April, 1638, by a company from London, under the direction of Theophilus in the landscape. New Eaton and John Davenport. These two men, in the language of Mather, were " the Moses and Aaron" of this new settlement and what; �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTE Eil. very many of thera adorned with lofty elms, which in the sumdations of civilized society in this mer season contribute much to the part of New England, must be as- beauty and comfort of the place. cribed in a great measure to them. The number of shade trees throughThough the government which out the city is uncommonly large, was established was extremely pop- and they constitute one of its most Most of the ular in its form, these men with- attractive features. out doubt were looked up to for dwellincf houses are distino'uished Withdevising and executing the most for simplicity and neatness. important measures. Their " com- in a few years the style of buildpany," as it was called, appear to ing has greatly improved, and many have had entire confidence in their private houses have been erected sound judgment, ability and integ- and are now going up, which disrity ; and they did notning to for- play much elegance and architectural taste. The houses are comfeit the good opinion of their followers. Their influence in all the monly detached, and supplied with concerns of the colony, especially court yards and gardens ornamented with trees and sbrvibbery, and in what respected the form of government, the means of education, the eye is thus gratified with a deand the institutions of religion, lightful union of the country and must have been constant and com- the city. There are two principal public manding. In 1784, New Haven was incor- squares. The first, commonly callporated as a city, the limits of which ed the Green, is in the centre of on the northwest fall within those the original town, and comprises of the town, so that Westville, a in all a little more than sixteen settlement on the foot of West Rock, acres. It is divided into tv>'o secis excluded from the former. About tions by Temple street, which is one half of the village of Fair Ha- lined with ranges of stately and ven, in the eastern portion of the over-arching elms, and is considered town, lies within the bounds of the one of the finest streets in the city. city. The area of the town is about The eastern section of the Green is eight, and that of the city about six entirely free from buildings. On square miles. The harbor is well the western section, facing the S.E., protected and spacious, but the wa- stand 3 churches, two Congregationter is shallow. wharf extends al, built of brick, and one Episcointo the harbor about three quar- pal, of stone: all of these buildters of a mile. ings are of excellent appearance. The original town is a square, In the rear of the centre church half a mile on each side, and subdi- stands the state house. These four vided by streets four rods in width, buildings, taken in connexion with into nine squares, the central one the line of college edifices on the of which is reserved for public uses. next square beyond, and with the Most of the squares are further di- surrounding scenery, constitute a vided by intern>3diate streets. At group not often equalled in this the present day, this original plot country. The state house is a comprises less than half of the in- structure of great size and admirahabited part of the city. Streets ble proportions. The porticos are and avenues have been opened on modelled from those of the temple every side, and many of them have of Theseus, at Athens, and the ever there was of good or evil, of or folly, in laying the foun- f lar; wisdom A become thickly settled. The streets are in general, spacious and regu- building, has an viewed air of at a short distance, uncommon beauty �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. The population of the town, including the city, was in 1820, 8,326 r in 1830, 10,678 ; in December, 1833, 12,199, of whom 11,567 The numwere within the city. ber of inhabitants in 1837, was esti- On the northern majesty. corner of this section stands the methodist church. and Wooster Square, which lies in comthe eastern part of the city, prises five acres, and has recentnumly been planted with a large mated various kinds. moderate estimate, one thousand persons from abroad are constantly here for the purposes of receiving situated opposite the northern angle of the original town plot, and encloses seventeen acres and two thirds. It divided bv avenues and alleys The Public Cemetery is instruction. is length into family fots, 32 feet in and IS in breadth. There is a grave and silent grandeur in this place ; would appear more beautiful were it shaded by native trees in hut it Lomhardy poplars. State Hospital is located at New Haven. It is a large and commodious building of stone, very elevated favorably situated on ground, in the western part of the stead of The city. One daily and four weekly news- papers, and one religious weekly The sheet, are published here. Daily Herald was the earliest daily p^per issued in this state, it at 14,000. As a seat of education. New Haven is justly celebrated. At a ber of native ornamental trees of Vale College is one of the most ancient and celebrated institutions of learning in the country, and numbers among her academical graduates, 4,824 persons. The Mineral Collection, well known as the most extensive in the country, occupies a spacious and well lighted apartment. The Telescope belonging to the college was made by Dolland, and prese'nted by Mr. Sheldon Clark, It is an achromatic of of Oxford. aperture and ten feet five inches an focal length, and is considered instrument of great excellence. having been commenced here November See Re£:ister. Beside's the College libraries, there of are in the city several libraries and importance. The other periodical considerable extentbelonging to Mr. 1832. them, that Among publications of the place, are the IthielTown deserves to be particuYale Literary j\Ias;azine, edited precious larized. This is a large and by the students of Yale College ; of books, principally on Spectator, collection the Quarterly Christian other fine arts, reputation, architecture and the a work of established of together with many volumes which began as a monthly in 13iy, It is and rarity. of that series gi^at antiquity and after ten volumes lithe most complete architectural its 26 been completed, adopted present form, in which it has reachthe ed its tenth volume ; and Journal of Science and American Arts, edited by Professor Silliman. had This important periodical was commenced in 1819, and has arrived at outlived the 35th volume, having many of its temporaries. done much early European con- work which has the advancement of It is a for on science, and reflects great honor as the nation and city of its birth, well as on its distinguished editor. It is brary in the United States. in placed beyond the reach of fire, elegant building on Hillhouse an in avenue. In 1837, there were New Haven 43 well conducted academies and private schools, some cf which were of an elevated public character for females. The Ihe well sustained. schools are is annual expenditure for schools $30,000. The whole number about of p'.jpilsis about 2,500. There areinNe\\ Haven several �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. institutions for the promotion of the science, industry and comfort of its inhabitants. New Haven capital, employs an extensive and a large number of per- sons. The Connecticut Academy of Arts The foreign commerce of New and Sciences was incorporated in Haven is principally confined to It has published one volume the West 1799. India Islands, with which of Memoirs, (8 vo. 1810—1813, pp. ;) but since the establishment of Prof. Silliman's Journal of Science, 412 their Memoirs have appeared in that work. The American Geological Society was incorporated in 1819. Its collection of specimens is connected with the mineral cabinet of Yale College. The Yale JVatural History So- ciety has existed four years, and has a considerable collection of birds, shells, minerals, plants, &c. Its transactions have hitherto been made public through Prof. Silliman's Journal of Science. The a considerable trade Tonnage of the A es daily The many difficulties ments, is a new ; among which are boots, shoes, carpets, and rugs of a superior quality, stoves, locks, paper, books, hats, tin iron and cabinet castings, wares, muskets, machinery, sashes, window blinds, &c. The manufacturing interest of now Northamp- New A and embarrass- way to give the business of line of packet boats in a fair impulse the city. runs daily The JVew and New New Haven and ton Canal connects the waters of Connecticut river at the latterplace, with the harbor of this city. This great work, having surmounted tution of great utility. Haven Horticultural Society and the Orphan Asylum are well supported and highly beneficial. The mechanics of Haven have long been distinguished for their industry, intelligence and love of knowledge. As early as 1807 they established the Mechanics' Society, for the promotion of the useful arts, and the encouragement of industry and merit. The society is in a prosperous condition. The young mechanics have, moreover, established for their mutual improvement, the Young Mechanics' Institute. The plan has been prosecuted with zeal and success. The Institute has a cabinet of minerals a collection of philosophical apparatus, and several hundred volumes of books. The manufactures of New Haven are numerous; communication with that city. is insti- carried on. 1837, 9,559 tons. line of packets plies between this and New York city, and an excellent line of steam-boats furnish- Mutual Aid Association an is district, in to between Northampton Haven, and promises to be well sustained. The New Haven and Hartford Rail- Road is now in the course of construction, and will probably be completed during the present year. finished it must prove of great importance to the interests of When the place. The village of Fair Haven is built on both sides the Quinnipiack, and about one half of it lies within the limits of the city of Haven. This village has grown to its present importance with great rapid- New and now carries on an extensive and thriving business. It has two churches, and a large and prosperous high school, known as the Fair Haven Institute. The village of Westville contains about 700 inhabitants. Manufactures and agriculture constitute the ity, chief business of the place. New Haven may justly boast of many distinguished men who made that city their favorite The names residence. David Wooster, of Nathan Whiting, of Roger Sherman, of James Hillof �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER HOUSE, and many others, will never be forgotten. How large a part of the United States is indebted for its prosperity genius of Eli to the inventive "Whitney, late a citizen of " The commerce, the Haven ? business of the world, has been essentially modified and increased through the operation of his principal invention, the cotton gin ; and the substantial convenience and enjoyment of mankind have, by the same means, been extended and are extending, to a degree which no man can calculate." This City of Groves is a very delightful place it probably concentrates more charms than any city of its age and population in the world. New : Newingtou, Rockingham co. TS, The soil is genex- ; cepting near the waters, where it yields good crops of grain and grass. At Fox point, in the N. W. part of the town, Piscataqua thrown over the river bridge to Goat is isl- and, and thence to Durham shore. The bridge was erected in 1793, is 2,600 feet long, and 40 wide ; cost Newington was origin$65,401. ally a part of Portsmouth and Dover, and was early settled. It was disannexed, and incorporated in July, 1764. Newington was among the settlements early exposed to the ravages of the Indians. In May, 1690, a party of Indians, under a sagamore of the name of Hoophood, attacked Fox point, destroyed several houses, killed 14 persons, and They were imtook 6 prisoners. mediately pursued by the inhabitants, who recovered some of the captives and a part of the plunder, after a severe action, in which Hoophood was wounded. Newington is 42 miles E. Hillsborough co. This town is 50 miles S. S. W. from Concord, 70 W. S. W. from Portsmouth, and 50 N. W. by W, from Boston. The town watered by many rivulets, is by the Souhegan which is formed by the juncof two streams; the W. issu- but principally river, tion ing from a small pond on the Pasture mountain, so called the S. ; from two ponds in Ashburnham, Mass., near the base of Watatick Over this river is a stone bridge, built in 1817. It is 156 feet long, 22 feet wide and 42 feet high, resting on a single arch of split cost $3,500. The first cotstone ton factory in the state was built in There are now this town, in 1803. 4 cotton fixctories, and in other reIpswich has become an spects important manufacturing town. Pratt's and Hoar's ponds contain Here is fine about 50 acres each. pasture land, and under cultivation, Indian corn, rye, oats, barley, potatoes, beans, turnips, &c., are pro- hill. ; New H. erally sandy and unproductive We-4v Ipswiclij W. II, S. E, from Concord, and 5 W. from Portsmouth. Population, 1830, 549. duced The in abundance. Ipswich academy was New incorporated June 18, 1789. Its funds are large. The principal village is in the centre of the town, in a pleasant Many of the and fertile valley. dwelling-houses are of brick, and are elegant in appearance. New Ipswich was first settled prior to 1749, and was incorporated by charter, Sept. 9, 1762. minister was the Rev. Stephen Farrar, a native of Lincoln, Mass., where he was born He was ordained Oct. 22, 1733. Oct. 22, 1760 ; died June 23, 1809, The first aged 71. New Ipswich has produced many who have become eminent as patriots, merchants, and men of science. Population, 1830, 1,673. Nov liimei'ick, Washington co. Me. In 1837, this �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. W. averages about 26 miles, and has a medium breadth of about 20 miles. This county possesses superior maritime advantages, having an East." extensive border on Long Island TXew liOndon, N. H. SoundjWhich affords numerous bays, Merrimack co. It is 30 miles W. inlets and harbors. Excepting a small N. W. from Concord, and 12 E. section, principally in the town of Population, 1830, Lyme, no portion of the county can from Newport. Lake Sunapee separates this be considered as mountainous, but it 913. town from Wendell, and is the is generally hilly and elevated, and principal source of Sugar river. comprises a small proportion of alluThere are three considerable ponds. vial. The hills and elevated tracts Little Sunapee pond, 1 1-2 miles in are considerably rough and stony. length and 3-4 of a mile in width, The lands in general are not adapted to grain culture, although upon the lies in the W. part, and empties its Har- intervales and other tracts Indian waters into lake Sunapee. vey's and Messer's ponds, near the corn is raised to advantage, and to a The princicentre of the town, are the princi- considerable extent. They pal agricultural interests depend pal sources of Warner river. are about a mile in length and 3-4 very much upon grazing. The waof a mile in breadth, and are sepa- ters of the county are abundant and On the south it is washed rated by a bog, many parts of which valuable. Pleas- more than thirty miles by Long Islrise and fall with the water. ant pond, in the N. part of New and Sound, part of its western borLondon, is nearly 2 miles long and der by Connecticut river, and the The settlements of New interior of the county is watered and 1 wide. London are formed principally on fertilized by the Thames and its The branches. The fishing business is three large swells of land. more extensively carried on in this soil is deep and generally good. In the N. part are several eleva- county than in any other section of tions. In some parts the land is the state, and is an important branch The manufacturing rocky, but there is little not capable of industry. of cultivation. New London was business is carried on to considerincorporated in 1779. Its tirst name able extent in the northern part of the county, and is increasing. was Dantzick. The damage sustained by the inIn 1837, this county contained habitants of this town, by the vio- 41,387 sheep. Population, in 1820, lent whirlwind of Sept. 9, 1821, was 35,943 ; 1830, 42,201 81 inhabitestimated at ^9,000. large rock ants to a square mile. The tonnage lying out of the ground, 100 feet of the district of New London, in long, 50 wide and 20 high, was 1837, was 41,626 tons. rent into two pieces, and thrown New liOiidon, Ct. about 20 feet asunder. One of the shire towns of New Ne^v liondon County, Ct. London county. The first English JVew London and JVorwich are settlement in New London comthe county towns. New London menced in 1646. It is situated on county is bounded N. by Windham, the west bank of the river Thames. Tolland and Hartford counties, E. In its territorial limits it is much by Windham county and the state of the smallest of any town in the Rhode Island, S. by Long Island state, being about 4 miles in length Sound, and W.by the county of Mid- from north to south, and averages dlesex. Its avei-age length from E. about 3-4 of a mile in breadth. town was incorporated it then had 124 inhabitants and produced 1,780 See " Down bushels of wheat. ; to it : A �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. The city of New London is situated Long Island Sound, and is a port of entry. It is 42 miles southeast from Hartford, 13 south from Norwich, and 53 east from Haven, Population, in Lon. 72° 9' W., lat. 1830, 4,356. 3 miles from New 41° 0' The 25" N. city is princi- pally built on a declivity, which descends to the east and south. On the summit of the liigh ground, back of the most populous part of the city, the observer has a fine prospect of the surrounding country. The city is irregularly laid out, owing to the nature of the ground on which it is built, being much incumbered with granite rocks. The houses are not so handsome in their outward appearance, as might be reasonably expected, considering the wealth of the inhabitants. In the course of a few years past, however, a spirit of improvement in this respect has taken place, and many buildings have been erected which are elegant in their appearance. Some of the streets have been straitened and leveled, by blasting the granite rocks with which they were disfigured. These rocks afford an excellent material for the construction of buildings, and it is believed that no city in this country has the advantages of London, in this particular, where the materials for erecting houses can be found in The harbor is one of their streets. the best in the United States, being New large, safe, and commodious, hav- It is 3 ing five fathoms of water. miles long, and rarely obstructed with ice. During the extreme cold in January, 1835, while the navigation of the harbor of New York was closed by the ice, the harbor of New London remained open and degree as the port of Connecticut the impediments in which frequently prevent its being navigable for large vessels fully laden. The whale fishery and sealing business is an important branch of commerce. About a million of dollars is devoted to its prosecution. In 1834, upwards of thirty ships and 900 men river, and boys were employed in this business. The city is defended by two forts, Fort Trumbull and Fort Griswold. Fort Trumbull stands on the New London side of the Thames, about a mile below the city. It is situated on the rocky extremity of a peninsula extending eastward into the river. This fort is a station for L'nited States soldiers. Fort Griswold is on the E. side of the Thames, on a commanding eminence opposite the city, in the town of Groton. New London has been rendered conspicuous for its sufferings during the revolutionary war, and the theOn the atre of hostile operations. 6th of September, 1781, a large proportion of this town v»as laid in The ashes by Benedict Arnold. following account of this transaction is taken from the Connecticut Gazette, printed at New London, Sept. 7, 1781. " About daybreak on Thursday morning last, 24 sail of the enemy's shipping appeared to the westward of this harbor, which by many were be a plundering party alarm guns were immediately fired, but the discharge of cannon in the harbor has become so frequent of late, that they answered little or no purpose. The defenceless state of the fortifications and the town are obvious to our readers; supposed to after stock ; few of the inhabitants, who were advanced towards the where the enemy were place unobstructed. From the excellent maritime location of New London, the naviga- a commercial and fishing business, has ever been the principal Their pursuit of the inhabitants. fine harbor has served in a great thought likely to make their landing, and manoeuvred on the heights tion, equipped, adjacent, until the enemy about 9 o'clock landed in two divisions, and �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. men each, one of them Brown's farm, near the lighthouse, the other at Groton Point about 800 at the division that landed near the light-house marched up the road, keeping up large flanking parties, who were attacked in different places on their march by the inhabitants, to who had oppose spirit their and resolution The progress. killed and wounded, they found that further resistance would be in vain, and resigned the fort." See Groton, Ct. their party The town, and set fire to the stores on the beach, and immediately after to the dwelling-houses lying on the Mill Cove. The scattered fire of our little parties, unsupported by our neighbors more distant, galled them so that they soon began to retire, setting fire promiscuously on their way. The fire from the stores communicated to the shipping that lay at the wharves, and a number others swung to sinwere burnt gle fast, and remained unhurt. " At 4 oclock, they began to quit the town with great precipitation, and were pursued by our brave citzens with the spirit and ardor of veterans, and driven on board their boats. Five of the enemy were killed, and about twenty wounded among the latter is a Hessian captain, who is a prisoner, as are seven We lost four killed and ten others. or twelve wounded, some mortally. " The most valuable part of the town is reduced to ashes, and all the stores. Fort Trumbull, not being tenable on the land side, was evacuated as the enemy advanced, and the few men in it crossed the river to Fort Griswold, on Groton ; ; Hill, which was soon 25th, The fort having in only it about 120 men, chiefly militia hastthey defended it with the greatest resolution and bravery, and once repulsed the enemy but the fort being out of repair, could not be defended by such a handful of men, though brave and determined, against so superior a number; and after having a number of ily collected, : transitory this scene, February Anno Domini, 179G, in the 68th age, and the 12th of his year of his Episcopal consecration. Ingenious without pride, learned without pedantry, good without severity, he was duly qualified to discharge the duties of tlie Cliristian and the Bishop. In the pulpit he enforced Religion ; in his conduct he exemplified it. The poor he assisted with his charity ; the ignorant he blessed with his instruction. The friend of men, he ever designed their good 5 the enemy of vice, he ever opposed it. Christian dost thou aspire to happiness 1 Seabury has shown the way that leads ! to it. "An epitaph on Captaine Richard Lord, deceased May 17, 1662.— JEtatis svBe 51. .... Bright starre of ovr chivallrie here To the state a covnsillovr fvll deare And to ye trvth a friend of sweete content To Hartford towne a silver ornament Who can deny to poore he was releife And in composing paroxyies he was lies cheife To marchantes as a patterne he might new by sea and stand Adventring dangers land." MeAv Market, W. H. division that landed at the point. the inscription Here lyeth the body of Samukl after invested by the is Seabury, D. D. Bishop of Connecticut and Rhode Island^ who departed main body of the enemy proceeded from to the following on Bishop Seabury's monument Rockingham CO. It lies 36 miles from Concord, and 12 W. by from Portsmouth. Population, S. E. S. 1830, 2,013. Piscassick i-iver passes through Durham. The Lamprey river washes its N. E. boundary, as does the Swamscot the S. The soil is good, and agriculE. tural pursuits are here crowned with much success. There are this town into �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. several pleasant and thriving villages, in which are large and valuable manufactures. Market was originally a part of Exeter, and was detached and incorporated, 1727. Mrs. Fanny Shute, who died in this town September, 1819, was respected not only for her excellent qualifies, but the adventures of her When 13 months old, she youth. was taken by a party of Indians, can-ied to Canada, and disposed of educated in a nunto the French nery, and after remaining 13 years New — in captivity, was redeemed and re- stored to her friends. Daniel Brackett recently died in town. He weighed 5G0 lbs. this Kew Marlboroiigli, Mass. Berkshire co. There is a large pond in this town, and a branch of Housatonlek liver. The surface is uneven, and the soil best adapted It was incorporated in and lies 135 miles S. W. by W. from Boston, and 20 S. by E. Population, in 1837, from Lenox. for gi-azing. 175i), 1,570. There are two caverns in this The town, containing stalactites. manufactures consist of leather, boots, shoes, chairs, cabinet ware, and a variety of sawed lumber. The products of the dairy are considerable, and about 1,600 sheep are pastured. Xew Milford, Ct. This township is Litchfield CO. hilly and broken, several mountainous ridges extending through it. The soil is much diversified, and where susceptible of cultivation, it is generally good ; but on the whole more distinguished for grain than There are, however, large grass. of excellent meadow ground, but the pasturage is, on the whole, not abundant. It is essen- quantities farming town. For some time after the white people come here, an Indian chief, or sachem, tially a 25 named Werauliamaug, had a pal- standing near the Great falls, where he resided. On the inner walls of this palace, (which were of bark with the smooth side inwards,) were pictured every known species of beast, bird, fish and insect, from the largest to the smallace This was said to have been done by artists whom a friendly est. prince at a him great distance sent to Solomon. to Hiram did The town of New for that purpose, as Milford was purchased of the Colof Connecticut by a company of individuals chiefly belonging to JNIilford, and was first settled in 1707. The first biidge that was ever built over the Housatonick river, from the sea to its source was built in this town in 1737. The village of New the Milford is very handsome streets are wide and well shaded. It lies 36 nulesN. W. from New Haven, and IS S. W. fron) Litchfield. Population, 1830,3,979. The territory of this town is larger than any other in the state it is 13 by 6 1-2 miles. The town is well watered, and has some manufactures. There are large quantities of granite ard marble, and the town produces large quantities of grain and wool for market. ony ; : Ne"»vport, Me. Penobscot co. This is a fine farming town, and watered by a large and beautiful pond which empties It lies 50 into Sebasticook river. miles N. E. from Augusta and 24 AV. from Bangor. Population, 1S37, 1,088. Wheatci'opsame year, 5,173 bushels. This town contains a pleasant village and some mills. Ifetvport, X. H. Shire town, Sullivan county. Ita central situation and its Avater power, together with the enterpiising spirit of its inhabitants, has rendered Newport a place of considerable business. It is 40 miles W.by N.trom Concord, about 35 N. from Keene, �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. S. E. from Windsor, Vt. the centre of the town, and the confluence of the E. and S. branches of Sugar river and the Croydon turnpike, is a handsome village. In general the soil is rich ajid productive. Sugar river flow^s through this town, and its three branches unite near the village, whence it passes through Claremont into the Connecticut. On the eastern branch are situated, principally near the village, large and valuable manufacturing establishments. There are other mills in ditferent parts of the town. There are a few eminences, designated as Bald, and 14 E. Near of the island is very rich, and under the management of skilful farmers is made to produce in great abundance all the varieties of gi-ains, grasses, vegetai>ies, fruits and flowsoil ers common to its latitude. remarkable that not only this island, but the county generally, It is should be so fertile. The pooi-est lands in New England are generally on the sea board; but as it regards this county, few sections of the interior present a better soil. From the earliest settlement of the country, this county has been engaged in commerce and the iishThese interests are now in a evy. set- flourishing condition ; and manufacturing establishments are increasing, by the aid of steam power. In 1S37 there were 37,340 sheep in the county. tlers were principally from Killingworth, Ct. Tliis town is noted Newport county is bound N. by Mount Hc<r)9 bay, and Bristol coun- good schools and its various charitable societies. Population, 1830, 1,913. ty, Coitand East mountains, and BlueNewport was granted berry hill. by charter in 1761. The tirst effort towards a settlement was made in the fall of 17G3. The tirst for its Newport, Vt. E. by said county of by the Atlantic ocean, and W. by Narraganset bay. Area, Mass. Bristol ; ; S. 136 square miles. Population, 1820, 1830, 16,535. Population 15,771 to a square mile, 122. ; This town is sepaOrleans co. rated from Derby by Memphremagog lake, and is watered by a branch of Missisque river. It lies 48 miles N. by E. from Montpelier, and 10 N. from Irasburgh. Population, 1830, 284. NcAvport County, R. I. JVeivport is the chief town. This county comprises seven towns and a number of islands; but the most interesting section of it is the isl- and of Rhode Isbnd, from which the state derives its name. This island is about 15 miles in length, and has a mean breadth of two miles and a half. The surface presents an interesting variety of moderate eminences and declivities, which render the sceneValuable minery very pleasing. rals are found on the isbind, and fossil coal, difficult of found in large ignition, quantities. is The Newport, R. I. Chief town of Newport county, and one of ihe seats of the state legIt is in N. latitude 41^ 23' 20", and W. longitude 71^ 21' 14": 5 miles from the sea, 30 miles S. by E. from Pi-ovidence, 70 S. S. W. from Boston, and 153 from York, by water. The township lies in an irregular and somewhat of a semicircular form, about 6 miles in In cohjlength and 1 in breadth. rnon with the whole island of Rhoie islature. New Island, on ted, the which Newport soil is ii situa- remarkably fertile and under good cultivation. The surface is undulating, presenting a great variety of delightful scenei-y. The waters of Narraganset bay at this place are unrivalled for beauty and convenience. The harbor of Newport is considered one of the it best on ^the coast of America : �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. has sufficient depth of water for the largest class of vessels, is exceedingly easy of access iVosn (he ocean, and sufficiently capacious to conThis harbor is tain whole fleets. admirably defended by forts Wolcott. Green and Adams, and wul! probably soon become a naval de- Newport was first settled by William Codington and his associates pot, The growth town was so rapid for the first hundred years, that in 1733 there were 7 in 163S. of the worshipping assemblies, and 100 sail belonged to the port. of vessels Newport suffered severely during the revolutionary war, and was for a long time in possession of the Alter tlie war it revived enenjy. again, but the more favorable location of Piovidence for an interior commerce, depiived it of a large portion of its original business. Newport however retains its former character for foreign comnumber merce and the fisheiy. A of vessels are now engaged in the whaling business, and manufacturing establishments have recently been put into operation by steam power, which promise success. Ship and boat building and the manufacture of cordage are carried on The domestic fisheextensively. ry is to Newport an important reThere is piobably no place sourse. in the world where a greater variety of fish, or of a better quality, are found. About sixty different kinds, comprising almost every species of fin and shell fish, fit for the table, are taken in great abundance around the shoi-es of Narraganset. The tonnage of the district of Newport, in 1837, was 11,498 ions. The compact part of the town is built on a beautiful site, facing the harbor in a southeasterly direction. The main street extends more than The buildings a mile in length. on this and other streets and on Washington square are neatly built, and some of them are very handsome The marks of aoe which some of these buildings bear, with the excellent in state of preservation which they appear, give them a grace not found in of many of those more modern construction. Although this ancient town has passed through many vicissitudes and changes of fortune, still it continues to advance in the number of its people. Population, in 1820, 7,319; 1830, 8,010. Newport is celebrated for its beauty and the salubrity of its climate. From these circumstances, and from the numerous inviting objects which surround it, it has become a favorite resort for visitors and in no from warmer climates ; place can the summer season be more enjoyed than amid the charms of Newport. Oliver Hazzard Perry, the Lake Erie, Sept. 10, 1813, was born at Newport, in 1785. He died in the West Indies, in 1820. victor on A monument is erected to his memory. TXew Portland, Me. Franklin co. This town is finely watered by two branches of Seven This is one of the Mile brook. finest farming towns in the county. It produced, in 1837, 10,451 Population, bushels of wheat. same year, 1,476. This town has a pleasant village, a number of mills and other manufactories. saw It 48 miles N. N. W. from Augusta, and 18 N. by E. from FarmingIncorporated, 1808. ton. lies NcM'ry, Me. Oxford CO. A branch of Androscoggin river waters this town, and It affords it good mill privileges. lies 63 miles W. from Augusta, and 25 N. W. from Paris. Population, 1837, 412. Incorporated, 1805. Ne^v Salem, Mass. This town is bounded N. by Miller's river, and lias a good water power. It lies 74 miles Franklin co. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. W N. W. from Boston, and 17 E. from Greenfield. This is a pleasant town of elevated surface,, and good soil for grazing. PopulaS. E. The manufaction, 1837, 1,255. tures of the town, consist of palmleaf hats, boots, shoes, leather, straw bonnets, and ploughs. Incorporated, 1753. ^ew gliaron, Me. Franklin, co. This town is watered on the northwest side by Sandy river, and is bounded south by Vienna. The soil is admirably adapted to agricultural purposes. PopuWheat ciop, lation, 1S37, 1,771^ same year, 8,132 bushels. It lies 26 miles N. W. from Augusta. Incorporated, 1794. Charles river in this town. The good, and is generally very There are 2 highly cultivated. woolen, and 5 paper 1 cotton, mills in the town, and manufactures soil of nails, rolled iron, candles, vitriol, barilla, chaises, harnesses, morocco, leather, boots, shoes, machinery, chairs, and cabinet vv aie ; the value of which, the year end- ing Apiil ^815,872. co. about 14 miles S. S. W. from Judith Point, and 13 N. E. from Montauk Point, on Long Island, N. Y. It is about 8 miles in length, and varies from 2 to 4 miles in width. It has several ponds, which cover about a seventh part of the island. The surface of the town is uneven in some parts elevated. The soil is a sandy, gravelly loam, and quite productive. This island was once ; and good daipeople are mostly fishermen they have no harbor, and peat is their only fuel. Population, 1830, 1,185. Incorporated, 1672. Its Indian name was jyianisses. ries. : Kewton, Mass. Middlesex co. A very beautiand manufacturing town, the JSTonantum W. by of the In- from Boston, 12 S. E. from Concord, and 7 N. from Dedham. Charles river washes the borders of this town 15 miles, and, by two fallsof considerable extent, affords it a great and valuable water power. Nine bridges cross dians, 7 miles S. to incorpo- ; A Rockingham co., lies 40 miles S. Concord, and 27 S. S. W. from Portsmouth. Country pond lies in Newtown and Kingston, and two other small ponds connect by outlets with its waters. The soil produces good crops of grain or grass. Joseph Barllett first settled in this town, in 1720. Bai-tlett was taken prisoner by the Indians at Haverhill, in 1708, and remained a captive in Canada about 4 years. E. from Population, 1830, 510. KcM'towii, Ct. for its cattle The ful, agricultural amounted Kewtowii, M. H., This town com- prises the island of Block Island. The island lies in the open sea, famous 1837, Newton was rated in 1691 ; it foimerly comprised the town of Cambridge, and is noted as the birth place and residence of many distinauished men. Population, 1830, 2,S11 1837, Theological Seminary 3,037. was established in this town, in 1825. See Begister. JSfew gSioreliam, K,. I. Newport 1, Fairfield co. This town was incorporated in 1708. It is watered by Patatuck river, the Indian name of the place. It lies 25 miles W. N. W. from New Haven, 10 E. from Danbury, and 22 N. from Fairfield. Population, 1830, 3,100.— The surface of the town is hilly ; many of the eminences are extensive and continuous. The soil is principally a gravelly loam, generally fertile and productive. It is well adapted to the culture of grain, and is also favorable for fruit, there being many valuable orchards in the town. The borough of Newtown beautifully situated on high is �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. commands an extensive prospect, and contains some handground it ; some buildinos. flourisliing village of The Sandy situated about 1 1-2 miles N. E. of the central part of Newtown, at the foot of a rocky eminence or bluff, from the top of which Hook is a fine prospect of the surroundfine mill stream ing country. (the Patatuck) runs in a northerly course through the village, at the base of the cliff, which rises almost perpendicular to the height of 160 is A a cotton factory, at the Near feet. northern extremity of the village, some traces of coal have been dis- covered. The village contained, in 1834, 1 cotton, 1 hat, 1 comb and 2 woolen factories. There was also 1 machine shop, and 1 establish- ment for working brass. Kc%v Vineyard, Me. Franklin co. This town is wa- tered by a branch of Seven Mile The surface of the tov.n is brook. uneven, but the soil, generally, is It produced, in 1837, productive. Popula7,063 bushels of wheat. Incorporattion, same year, 870. it lies 40 miles N. W. ed, 1802. from Augusta, and 8 N. by E. from Farmington. Jfotoleljorougli, Me. Norfolk County, Mass. This Chief town, Dedham. county is hounded N. E. by Boston harbor, N. by Suffolk county, W. by the S. E. corner of Worcester county, S. by the N. E. corner of the state of Rhode Island, and S. S. E. and E. by the counties of BrisArea, about tol and Plymouth. Population, in 400 square miles. 1820,36,4.52; in 1830, 41,901; in Taken from Suffolk 1837, 50,399. county in 1793. This county has a maritime coast on Boston harbor of about 12 miles, which is indented with many small bays and navigable rivers. Its surface is uneven, and in some parts Its soil is generally strong hilly. and rocky. Much of the dark colored granite, or sienite, is found A large part of Norfolk here. county, particularly those towns near Boston, is under a high state of cultivation, and affords fruits and vegetables in great abundance. The proximity' of this county to the capital gives it many facilities ; and the towns in this, and in the county of Middlesex, that border on Boston harbor, may be called the It contains Gardens of Boston. 22 towns, and 126 inhabitants to a square mile. The Charles, Neponset, and Manatiquot are its chief rivers. This town lies on the east side of the upper waters It is a of Damariscotta river. Lincoln co. Many place of considerable trade. ships are built here, and a large number of vessels are employed in the coasting trade. The soil of the town is generally good, and considerable attention is paid by the inhabitants to agricultural pursuits. 38 miles S. E. from Augusta, and 11 E. from Wiscasset. PopulaIncor., 1788. tion, 1837, 1,999. It lies No-^Ions-Iiand, Mas-s. A ledge of rocks, Dukes CO. the most southern part of the state. It lies 7 miles S. from Gay Head. 25* In 1837, this county contained The value of the 2,054 sheep. manufactures in the county, the year ending April 1, 1837, was The value of the $6,466,010. fishery, the same year, wa§ $244,927. Norfolk, Ct. The settlement Litchfield co. It lies of Norfolk began in 1744. 35 miles W. N. W, from Hartford, and 17 N. from Litchfield. Population, 1830, 1,485. This town is elevated and mounThe soil is a primitive, tainous. 2;ravelly loam, generally cold and stony, but has considerable depth. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. and good grazing. Formerquantities of sugar were from the maple more than ed the 23d of August, 1833, by Bishop Fenwick, to his memory. have been manufactured standing on a square base of the same material, having the following inscription Sebastianus Rasles natione Galluse Societate Jesu missionius, per aliquot annos Illinois et Huronibus priinum evangelanns, deinde per 34 annos Abenaquis, fide et charitate Christi verus Apostolus, periculus arinoruui intenitus se pio suis oribus mori paratum soepius testificans, inter arma et cocdes ac Pagi affbrds ly large made : 20,000 lbs. but since the a single season land has been cleared by progressive settlements, and in consequence of the destruction of the maple trees by some tornadoes, the business has greatly declined. The dairy business comprises the principal interests of the town. stream, called Blackberry river, runs near the centre of the place, and a little westward of the congregational church falls over a ledge of rocks 30 feet in height. This is an excellent site for mills, of which there are several near this spot. in ; A There is a handsome village, with an open square or green in front of the church, which is uncommonly neat and beautiful in its appearance. About half a mile north is another village, in which are 'two woolen and three scythe factories. Norridgewocic, Me. Chief town of Somerset co. This town is situated on both sides of Kennebec It is a plain granite pyraoiidal shaft, : Norridgewock, Nanarantsouak et Ecclesiae suae minas, hoc in ipso loco, cecidit tandem optimus pastor, die 23 Augusti, A. D. 1724, ipsi et Christo defunctis Monuposuit Benidictus Fenwick, Espiscopus Bostoniensis dedicavitque 23 Augusti, A. D. 1S33. A. M. D. G. filius in mentum hoc Nonidgewock village is situated on the north side of the river, directly in the bend, five miles west of Skowhegan falls. It is one of the most pleasant and delightful villages, especially in the summer, 28 miles N. from Augusta. Incorporated, 178S. Population, 1837, 1,955. Its sur- street ia lined with ornamental trees, some of them venerable for age and mag- is diversified with hills of a moderate elevation, the soil various, but generally good and well culti- nitude, extending their long arms quite across the street, forming a beautiful avenue from east to west. On the south side of the river, connected by a bridge, is a pleasant and rapidly increasing village. The public buildings consist of a church and court house, on the north side of the river, and on the south, a female academy, and a free church at "Oak Hill," about 5 miles from the village. This section of country is remarkable for its luxuriant giowth of the few years since, one white pine. of these trees was cut for a canoe the river, face w;jeat"crop, vated. hushel'j. the site 1837, 10,299 This town was formerly of the celebrated tribe of Norridgewock Indians. Their village was situated at the foot of Norridgewock falls, in the N. W. part of the town, and the border of Madison. The tribe had a church, the bell of which was dug up a few years since, and placed in the cabinet at Bowdoin college. The tribe was destroyed by a party of 1G8 men, sent out from Massachusetts for that puipose, commanded by Capt. Moulton, on the afternoon of August 23, 1724. Among the killed was the noted Jesuit missionary, Ralle. A monument was erect- The main in the state. A Its lergth was 154 feet and measur ed 4 1-2 feet in diameter. North Hampton, N. H., Rockingham co., formerly con- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. sfituting the parish called J\''orth Hill,^n Hampton, lies on the sea coast 50 miles S. E. by E. from Concord, and 9 S. by W. from Ports- mouth. Little river rises in the low grounds in the north part of the town, and after running southeast one or two miles, takes an east course, falling into the sea between Little Boar's head, in this town and Great Boar's head, in Hampton. Winnicut river rises near the centre of the town, and passes northwest into Great bay. in 1742, the town was incorporated. Population, 1830, 767. ]\^ortliainptoii, Mass. Chief town of Hampshire co. This is a very beautiful town, delightfully situated on the west bank of Connecticut river, and united to Hadley by a bridge. Since the first settlements on the Connecticut basin, this town lias been an important point of attraction. This was the thii-d town settled on Connecticut river in this state. Its Indian name was JVonatuck. The soil of the town is alluvial and its products exuberant. Both before and since the division of the old county into three, this place has been the seat of jusThebuildings are handsome, tice. and the most important county offices are ^rc proof. A tine stream passes through the centre of the town, possessing a good water power, on which are manufactories and mills of vaiious kinds. The manufactures of Northampton consist of woolen and silk goods, boots, shoes, leather, paper, brooms, chairs, iron, tin, and cabinet wares, &c. ; total value the year ending April 1, 1837, about $350,000. The manufacture of sewing silk, ribbons, &c., is on a large scale, and the most flourishing establishment of the kind in this country. In 1837, there were 3750 sheep sheared in the town ; the value of the wool was $7,075. This place has considerable river and inland commerce, which will be increa ed by the Hampshire and Hampden canal, which meets the Connecticut river here and terminates at New Haven. This town was incorporated, in 1654 ; population, 1820, 2,854, and in 1S37, 3,576. It is 91 miles W. from Boston, 67 E. from Albany, 39 N. from Hartford, 22 S.from Greenlield, 17 N. by V»'. from Spiingfield, and 376 from Washington. There are many institutions of a religious character in this town, and its schools are of the first order. The country aiound the town is enchanting, and those literary and who visit Mount Holyoke, 830 feet above the river, on the east side, or Mount Tom, 1,200 feet above the river, on the west side, will find a wonderful variety of landscape scenery, probably unsurpassed in beauty by any in the New England States. ZVorth Bervi'ick, Me. York CO. This town was incor- porated in 1831, and was taken fioni the east side of Berwick. It comprises a fine tract of land ; it is well watered and very pleasant. lation, 1837, 1,493. S. W. Popu- 91 miles from Augusta, and 13 N. W. It lies from York. Nortliborougli, Mass. Worcester co. This is a pleasant farming town, of good soil, and watered by Assabet river. It was incorporated in 1766, and lies 32 miles W. from Boston, and 10 N. E. from Worcester. Population, 1830, 994 — 1S37, 1,224. The manufactures of the (own consist of cotton goods, boots, shoes, leather, children's wagons, &,c.; annual amount about ^'75,000. Nortlx Brauford, Ct. New Haven co. This town was incorporated in 1831, and was taken range ot" mouufrom Branford. A �NE W ENGLAND GAZETTEER. tains from the southwest to northeast passes through the central part The inhabitants are of the tOA^n. gen3!ally substantial farmers, and property is very equally distributed. The face of the township is generally hilly, but the soil is strong and fM-tile. It lies 9 miles E. from N3\v Flaven. Population, 1832, 1,1 )0 About a mile southeast of the No.-thford church, on Tetoket mountain, there is the appearance of having been, at some remote penod, sOiUe violent convulsions in nature; the rocks appear to have been rent asunder, and are thrown about in great disorder. Lead is said to have been found near this spot, a mass of it being discovered by a person who was hunting, at the time of the first settlement of the parish: he hung up a pair of buck's horns to designate the spot, but the place could not be found afterwards. RTortlibridge, I^Iass. Vv'orcester co. The Blackstone river and canal pass through t!iis pleasant manufactui-ing and agricultural town. It has some excellent intervale land, and the soil of the uplands produces grass, grain, and vegetables in abundance. The river here is beautiful, and produces a great hydraulic power. The manufactures of the town consist of cotton and woolen goods, cotton and other small streams which empty into the Taunton. The surface of the town is uneven, but the soil is of a good quality, particularly for Incorporated, 1821. of the town consist of cotton goods, boots, shoes, hats, chairs, shoe tools, forks, hoes, cabinet and wooden wares, &c. total amount, the year ending April 1, 1837, $230,700. We regret that this very pleasant town was not called Tlticut or jYunketest, one of the Indian names of the ancient territory. This town was the first of the three Bridgev^aters thathave sprung grazing. The manufactures from Old Bridgewater, named after a celebrated English Duke. We can see no good cause for attaching a cardinal point of the compass to the of any town, particularly one of foreign derivation, when some beautiful Indian name meets the ear on the bank of almost every stream. Had the noble Duke bequeathed to good old motiier Bridgewater and name her three handsome daughters, (as he did to the city of Manchester, )the perpetual privilege of obtaining 140 pounds of coal (ov four pence, there would appear some reason for perpetuating and extending the name. .Some just remarks on the names of towns appeared in the Providence Journal, which are worthy of repetition. " Ijn"diajN- Names. The new machinery, boots, shoes, &c. value, the year ending April 1, 1837, Michigan has passed one of the most sensible laws that was $2? 1,000. ever enacted. Its object is to preserve the noble and harmonious old Indian names, which have been given to every river and lake and forest and mountain in our country, and which, by a bad taste, have in : Northbridge lies 35 miles S. W. by W. from Boston, and 13 S. E. from Worcester. Incorporated, 1772. Population, 1337, 1,409. 1S30, KTortli Bridge-ivater, Plymouth 1,053; Mass. co. This town lies 20 from Boston, 24 N. W. from Plymouth, and 10 S. S. W. from Weymouth Landing. Population, 1830, 1,953; 1837, 2,701. It is well watered bv Salisbury river miles S. state of many instances, been displaced by the hackneyed names of European cities, or of distinguished men. The law provides that no town shall be named after any other place or after any man, without first obtaining the consent of the Legislature. The consequence is, that �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Michigan Pinis and Amsterdam slates, sister she London, of destitute is ; unlike her boasts neitlier Thebe-;, Palmyra, Carthage or Troy. No collection of log huts, wiih half a dozen gioccry stores, has been honored with the appellation of Liverpool, nor has any embi-yo city, with a college or an academy, received the appropriate name of Athens. She has no Moscow and Morocco, in the same latitude ; and noEdinburgh and Alexandria within thirty miles of each other. Babylon, Sparta and Corinth, though they have been transplanted to other parts of the Union, are destined never to flourish on the soil of Michigan. No Fi'anklin or Greene or Jefferson, no Washington, is to be found in her borders. On the contrary, her rivers and lakes still retain the full, rich, swelling names which were bestowed upon them by men towns of the forests, and her bear the names of the sturdy chiefs who once the red battled or hunted Strange, when we have such a noble nomenclature as the Indians have left us, that we should copy from the worn out names of ancient cities, and which awake no feelings but ridicule, by the conti-ast between the old and the new. Mohawk, Seneca, Massasoit, Ontario, Erie, how infinitely supe- in their streets. rior to Paris, London, Fishville, Buttertown, Bungtown, &c. The feeling which prompts us to perpetuate the names of our revolutionary heroes by naming towns after them, is highly lionorable ; but it should not be forgotten that frequent repcases where unworthy of its namesake) renders the name vulgar etition (especially the town is force of public opinion." Xortli Brookiield, Mass. Worcester This town co. on is elevated ground it is of good soil, well cultivated, well watered and very pleasant. It has a tine lish pond, and lies 68 miles W. from Boston, and IS W. from Worcester: taken fiom Brookfield in 1802. Population, 18.30, 1,241; 1837,1,509. The agricultural products sent to market are very considerable. The manufactures of the town consist of boots and shoes, woolen cloth, leather, &.c., the value of which for the year endins; April 1,1837, was : which $470,31G was ^525,224 ; for boots and shoes. of Kortlifield, Vt. Washington This town co. lies 10 miles S. S. W. from Montpelier, and 35 E from Burlington. Population in 1830, 1,412. First settled, 178-5. The principal stream in this town is Dog river, which runs through it in a northerly direction, and aifiTords a-great number of valuThe surface able mill privileges. is uneven, but the soil is generally good and easily cultivated. In the centre of the town is a neat, pleasant and flourishing village, containing a number of saw miils and other mechanical operations by water. Me. Nortlifield, See " Incorporated 1838. East." Nortlifield, Down 'N. II., in utterly and ridiculous. It seems, that not content with driving the Indians froni the soil, we are anxious to obliterate every trace of their existence. We Michigan will be followed, if not by legal enactments, at least by the of are glad to see a better taste beginning to prevail upon this subject, and we hope that the example bounded N. by Winnepisiogee river, and W. by the Merrimack. It is 14 miles N. from Concord, and 10 W. by S. of Merrimack Gilmanton. co., is The some parts good soil — that here of the is in best quality lies on the two i-idges exChestending through the town. nut pond lies in the east part of the town, and its waters flow into the �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Winnepisiogce three miles fiom extensively sand covered with a stratum of loam ; light but warm, '^edv the nortiiei-n line of its ; jiiiiclioii with the Pcniigewiisset. Soiulogardy pond tiows into the thin Merrimack, Near V. ebster's falls, the Winnepisiogce falls into the and Peinigcvvasset, the united the town it is so light as, in two or three places of small extent, to be blown into diifts. The soil of the hills is good, being a reddish loam. Fiom the vicinity of this town to streams form the Merrimack liver. The principal elevation, called Bean New separates the town from Canterbury. Northfield foinierly pos.sessed valuable water privileges on the Winnepifiogee river, but this pojtion of its territory is embraced hy the new town of Franklin. The first settlement was made here hill, in 17()0,by warm early vegetation, there are various culinary vegetables, particularly peas, cultivated for the New Haven market. But the most striking feature in the township, is the lai'ge and beautiful tract of salt meadows on both sides of the Quinnipiac. These meadows produce large quantities of giass, which is n:ovved and stacked upon the land, fiom whence, when the giound is frozen sufficiently solid in the winter, it is removed. Upon the salt marsh the hay is salt; but on those meadows which are pi-otected from the salt water by means of dikes, the giass is fresh and of a better quality. These are called dike marshes or meadows. The making of brick leceives considei-able attention in this town. Four and a half millions of them are manufactured annually, and principally sold in New Haven. The village is very pleasant, and was, for more than half a century, the residence oi Dr. Trumbull, tht, celebrated historian of Connec- Benjamin Blanchardand A others. methodist church was fcniicd here in ISOG. Incoi-porated June 19, 17S0. Population, ISoO, BTortliiield, TSIass. Franklin co. This is an interesting town, on bo'h sides of Connecticut liver. It was incoiporated in 1673, and some j^^ears after desolated by the Indians. The inhabitants returned again in 1685, but it was soon after destroyed a second time. Ln 1713, it was again rebuilt. Fort Dumnier w-as in the vicinity. town was purchased This the Indians in 1687, for 200 fathoms of wampum and £57 value of goods. Its Indian name was Squawkea^. Most of the land in this town is excellent, and 28 miles the village vei-y pleasant below Walpole, N. H., 11 N. E. from Greentield, and 83 N. W, by W. from Boston. Northfield produces fine cattle, and considerable wool. The manufactures of the town consist of leather, boots, shoes, ploughs, chairs and cabinet ware. Population, 1S37, 1,605. of : Nortli New Haven was taken from Haven, co. ticut. Ezra Stilks, D. D., president of Yale college, was born in this town, in 1727, and died in 1795. He delighted in preaching the gospel to the poor. Among the members of his Ct. North Haven New Haven in 1786. The tov/n lies on both sides of the WallingfordjOr Quinnipiac river, and comprises the valley and a part of the bordering hills. The vaiit-y is partly rich intervale land, and more Haven, and from its light and soil, which is favorable for I church at Newport were seven These occasionally met negroes. in his study, when he instructed them, and falling on their knees together he implored for them and for himself the blessing of that God with whom all distinction excepting that of Christian excellence is In the cause of civil as nothing. and religious liberty. Dr. Stiles was an enthusiast. He contended, that �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. the right of conscience and private judgment was unalienable and that no exigencies of the Christian church could render it lawful to erect any body of men into a standing judicatory over the churches. He engaged with zeal in the cause of his country. He thought, that the thirtieth of January, whicli was obscr^^ftd by the Episcopalians in commemoraiion of the martyrdom of Charles I, " ought to be celebrated as an anniversary thanksgiving, that one nation on earth had so much fortitude and public justice, as to make a royal tyrant bow to the sovereignty of the people." He was catholic in his sentiuVents, for his heart was open to receive all who loved the Lord Jesu^ in sincerity. 'H^ was conspicuous for his benevolence, as well as for hi^ learning He was a man of low and piety. stature, and of a sm:iil, though well His voice was p.-oportioned form. His counteclear and energetic. nance, especially in convei-sation, wa< expressive of benignity and railJneis; but if occasion required, it beome the index of majesty and authority. ; ISJortlx Hero, Vt. Chief town, Grand r>le CO. This town was granted to Ethan Allen an others in 1779, and the settleThe ment commenced in 1733. I British erected a block house here, at a place called Dutchman's Point, whic"^! wa < garrisoned and not given up till 17i>oi The soil of the township is of an excellent quality, and pro luces grain of all kinds in abunThe county buihlings are dan-e. well situated, and the scenery about it the villa'j;c is very pleasant. from Montpelies r»7 miles N. lier, and 2^ N. N. 'vV. f-oti BurlingPop ilation, 1S30, G3j. ton. W . Nortli Kingston, R. I- Washington co. This is a w .^althy township on the west si<le of Narragaaset bay, 21 miles S. from Prov- idence, 10 N. W. from Newport, and 8 N. from South Kingston. The surface of the town is uneven ; the soil is a gravelly loam, well adapted for the culture of grain and vegetables, and the productions of the dairy. There are some forests in the town of good ship timber. It is watei-ed by several small streams which produce a good water power, on which are numerous manufacturing establishments. These streams atibrd bass and other tish in abundance. There is considerable navigation owned at North Kingston, which is employed in the coast- ing trade and fishery. IVickford villaf^e, in this town, very pleasant and tlourishing: it has a good harbor, and is a place of considerable trade. It lies abosit 2 is miles road. east of the Stonington railPop. of the town, 1330, 3,037. KortJiport, Mc. Waldo This town is bofindeU CO.. on the east by Penobscot and BelIt is well watered by fast bays. several ponds and small stream-: the The soil is good and productive. navigable advantages of the place Cond.lerable ship buildare great. ing is carried on here, and tijcre is considerable trade in the lumber and coasting business. It lies -la miles E. from Au2:;usta and 6 S. from Population, 1337, 1,107. Belfixst. K^ortli Providence, R. I. Providence CO. This ancient ^nd wealthy town was a part of Piovidenee until 17G7. Population, in ISIO, 1,753; 1820, 2,120; 1J3J, 3,5)3. The surface of this town U uneven, condsting of moderate ele' aThe tions and gentle declivities. roeks are p.-imi'ive and trand'.ioa: some limestone is found. The prevailing soil is a gravelly loam, which is interspersed with ti-acts of sandy loun, and so iie of The forests con ist of calcareous. oak, walnut and so.iic pine ; and �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. agricuUiiral hay, corn, grass, Besides the cotton business, there productions, of potatoes, vegetables and Traits, many of whicli are sent to Providence. the some rye, The waters of the town consist of the Seekonk river, which washthe Wanases its eastern bordej are in the ; which intersects the interior of the township. These streams afford numerous sites for hydraulic works, some of which are almost unrivalled. There are some valuable shad and herring fisheries in the Seekonk. This town is distinguished for its manufactures, particularly those of cotton, which form an important interest. The extent of this business, having concentrated a large capital, and an immense aggregate of industry, has, within the last fifty years, given rise to a large and The village of flourishing village. Pawtucketis situated in the northeast section of the town, four miles northeast from Providence, on the border of the Seekonk river its site being principally the declivity of a ; and it is highly romantic and picturesque. The river hei-e affords numerous natural silcs for manufacturing establishments, mills and hydraulic works of almost every description, which are scarcely rivalled, and which are occupied to a great extent. The rapid march of hill, manufacturing and mechanical in- dustry, which the short annals of this place disclose, has few examples in our country, and has produced one of the mo;t con-it!erah!e and flourishing manufacturing villages in the United States. The river here forms the bounJary line between Massachusetts and Rhode Island, and the village is built upon both sides of it; bein?; partly in each state. That part of the village which is in this state is piincipally built on four streets; and coiuprises a large number of handsome buildings. fui-aaces for cast- slitting &c. toiies, &,c. See Pawtucket, Mass. ; quatucket, which forms its western boundary and the Mashasuck, town mills, anchor shops, cut nail factories, sci-ew manufac- ing, K'ortSi Stoiaingtoji, CI. New London co. This town was taken from Stonington in 1808. It watered by the Pawcatuck and branches, which afford good mill sites. The surface is uneven, hilly and abounding in granitic rocks. The soil is a gravelly loam, and generally productive of good pastui'age. Agriculture is the princiis its employment pal of the inhabit- ants. MUltown some trade is a pretty village with lies 50 m.iles S. E. from Hartford, 13 N. E. from New London, and 7 N. by E. from Stonington Borough. Population of the town : it in 1830, 2,840. JMortSmnilierlantl, W. H., In Coos county, on Connecticut river, is ISOmiies N. from Concord, and 7 N. E. from Lancaster. The soil along the Connecticut is very productive, pei-feclly free iVom stone and gravel, and originally covered with ci growth of butternut. portion of the upland is also good, and covered with pine, spruce, tir, Cape Horn, an ash, maple, &.c. abrupt mountain of 1,000 feet in height, lies near the centre of the Its north base is separated town. from the Connecticut by a narrow plain, and the upper Amonoosuck passes near its east base, as it falls Here the into the Connecticut. nieadows are extensive, and are an^ nually covei-edby the spring floods, pi-eseiiting the appearance of a» inland sea. At the falls in the Connecticut, below the mouth of the Amonoosuck, a handsome bridge Northumberland with connects Guildhall, in Vermont. dam is a!-o thiown across the river at this place, at both ends of which are A A �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. pleasant villages and mills of various kinds are erected. Northumberland was incojporated in 1779. First settled, 1767. Population, 1830, 352. Near the river a small fort was erected during the revolutionary war, and placed in the command of Capt. Jeremiah Eames, afterwards well known for his usefulness, wit and pleasantry. IVoi-tliAVOod, N. Rockingham co. H. There are a ; ; ; ; Suncook, Lamprey and The of this town is genei-ally moist, and well suited to soil Northwood was grazing. ly a part of oi-iginal- Nottingham, and was Northwood is 20 miles E. from Concord, 20 N. W. from Exeter, and about the same Populadistance W. from Dover. tion, 1830, 1,342. settled in 1763. Nortli "I'armoiitli, Me. Cumberland co. Thisis a pleasant town on Casco bay, 10 miles N. from Portland, and 42 S. E. fiom AugusPopulation, 1837, 2,782. The town was first settled in 1G40. In 1687 it was attacked by the Indians, ta. 26 was not re-settled by them and ; until 1725. It was incorporated in 1713. About 4000 tons of navigation is owned here, employed in the transportation of lumber and the tishery. There is a fine stream of water in the town, on which are a paper and saw mills, and other manufactories. The academy in North Yarmouth well founded and is in a flourishing condition. See Register. is Kortoii, Mass. num- ber of ponds in this town, and excellent tishing. Suncook pond, 750 rods long, 100 wide ; Jenness' pond, 300 rods long, 150 wide Long pond, about 300 rods long, 50 wide Harvey's pond, 230 rods long, from 40 to 80 wide a part of Great Bow pond is also in this town, and a part of North river pond Pleasant pond, and Litiie Bow pond. The north branch of Lamprey river has its rise in this town near Saddleback mountain, a high ridge between this town and Deerfield. On the E. side of this ridge are found crystals and crystalline spars of various colors and sizes. This town has an elevated site, and commands a distant and varied prospect. The waters flowing from the farm of the late Jonathan Clarke, Esq., one of the first settlers, fall into three different rivers, the Isinglass. and deserted by the whites Norton was taken from Taunton in 1771. It lies 30 miles S. fiom Boston, 17 N. E. from Providence, and 8 N. W. from Taunton. Population, 1837, 1,530. It is well watered by Rumford, Cocasset and Canoe rivers, which empty into the Taunton. The manufactures of the town consist of theet copper and copper bolts, cotton Bristol CO. goods, boots, shoes, leather, iron ploughs, shuttles, svraw bonnets and baskets total value, the year ending April 1, 1837, $397,763. Winnicunnit pond, in this town, was a great resort for the Indians, castings, : — whom resided in natural caves, on its shores, and lived on lisii and clams. some of XorAvalk, Ct. This pleasant town Fairfield CO. on Long Island Sound, 32 miles lies W. S. W. from New Haven, 22 S. fiom Danbury, and 48 N. E. from Population, New York. 1830, 3,792. Norwalk originally included part Canaof the present towns of an and Wilton, and part of ^yestport. In the ancient record, the bounds are stated to be " from Norwalk river to Sauhatuck river, from sea, Indian one day walk into the country." For this tract the following articles were given, viz " S fathom wampum, 6 coats, 10 hatchets, 10 hoes, 10 knives, 10 scissors, lOjewsharps, 10 fathom tobacco, 3 New ; �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. and 10 lookfollowing ailicles were given to the Indians lor the tract " from Norvvalk river to Five mile river, from sea, Indian one day in country," viz. " 10 fathom wampum, 3 hatchets, 3 hoes when ships come, 6 glasses, 12 tobacco pipes, 3 knives, 10 drillers, 10 needles." The name of Norwalk is derived from the above bargain, viz ; the northern bounds of the lands purchased were to extend from the sea one day's "northivalk" into the country, The soil in this town is excellent. The surface is uneven, being pleasantly diversified with hills and valleys. On the border of the Sound the hills are generally moderate, and in the interior more elevated. " The valley which lies along Norwalk river, and in which the The village is built on both sides of a small river or creek, which is much contracted in width at the bridge which connects the two parts of the village, and the buildings on each side of the stream are so near each other, that the passage of the river from the noith is not readily perceived at a short distance. Vessels drawing six feet of water can get up to the biidge in the most compact part of the village. The flourishing village of Old Well is situated about 1 1-2 miles south of the central part of Norwalk Borough, on the west side of the creek. There are at present in this village six or seven hat factories, three potteiies, and a carriage makingestablishment. This is the principal landing place for steam-boats for Norwalk and the vicinity, there being a daily line from and to Few boat every other day leaves Norwalk bridge for kettles, 3 bauds- about, in-J- glasses." town is built, The is beautiful. richer prospects of the same extent can be found than that which is presented from the neighboring emthe town inences of this ground built in its bosom, with its cheeiful spires the river flowing through the middle the farms on the bor: ; ; dering hills; the rich plain that skirts the Sound, and a ti-ain of islands fronting the mouth of the river, and extending eastward five or six miles together with an unlim; ited view of the Sound, and the Long Island shore." Norwalk contains two New York. A New York. There is a cotton factory and a factory for manufacturing cai-pets in the town. This establishment, called the " Patent Carpet Company," was commenced in 1834. Their carpeting, of which they manufacture at this time about 200 made without spinning or weaving, being made of felting, the material of which hats yards daily, is are composed. This town was burnt by the Britunder Tryon, on the 17th July, ble and flourishing villages, Nor- 1779. Eighty dwelling houses, 2 walk Borough, and the village of churches, 87 barns, 17 shops, 4 Old Well. Norwalk Borough, (con- mills, and 5 vessels were destroyed. stituted as such in 1836,) is a vilK'oi"»vay, Me. lage of upwards of 130 handsome buildings, and an extensive pottery. Oxford CO. This is a fine townNorwalk is a place of considerable ship, well watered by several activity and business, being a com- streams and ponds. One of the mercial depot and market for the ponds is large, very handsome, northern part of the county a con- and discharges its waters into Little siderable proportion of the staple Androscoggin river. Norway lies products being brought hei-e for 47 miles W. by S. from Augusta, sale, or to be freighted for New and is bounded on the E. by Paris. York. Population, Incorporated, 1797. considera- ish, — ; �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Wheat crop, same 1337, 1,791. year, 7,272 bushels. Nor-wicli, Vt. Windsor This town co. lies on the west side of Connecticut river, is connected with Hanover, N. H. by a bridge. The surface of the town is uneven, but the soil is and good for grain, pasturage and fruit. Oniponjponoosuck river and other streams water the town and afforJ mill seats. it eood First settled, 1763. Population, 1830, 2,316.— It lies 40 miles S. S. E. from Montpelier and 19 N. from Windsor. JVorwich village is pleasantly situated on a plain, near Connecticut river, and contains a university and a number of handsome buildings. See Register. Hampshire is The river. co. This mountainwatered by Westfield in soil many parts is grazing, and many sheep are kept here. There is a cotton mill in the town, and manufactures of leather, boots, shoes, axes, and spirits. It lies 108 miles W. from Boston, and 12 W. b} S from Northampton. Incorporated, 1773. Population, 1837, 714. good for Norvricli, Ct. One of the chief towns of New London county. Norwich city is situated at the head of navigation of Thames river, at the point of land formed by the junction of the Shetucket and Yantic rivers, whose united waters constitute the Thames. The main part of the city is built on the southern declivity of a high and rocky hill the houses are built in tiers, ri-^ing one above another. The city, as it is approached from the south, presents one of the most beautiful, interesting and romantic : pro-;pects in the state. The buildings, which are mostly painted white, appear in full siderable distance view down ed, Chelsea or Norwich Landing,) a court house and town hall. high school for boys, and a female A academy, in which the higher branches of education are taught, have been in operation for a considerable time, and are in flourishing circumstances. About a mile eastward of the landing is situated the flourishing village of Greenville, at the eastern extremity of which a dam has been constructed across the Shetucket, which will, it is calculated furnish sufficient water power to carry 60,000 spindles four or five large factories, and perhaps 40 or 50 dwelling houses, are, or are about to be built. Among the factories there is perhaps the most extensive paper mill in the state, owned, by the Chelsea Manufacturing : NorATicIi, Mass. ous town these contrasted with the deep green foliage covering the rocky and elevated banks of the river, give a picturesque variety to the scene, forming on tlie water a delightful avenue to the city. There arc in this city, (or as it was formerly call- for acon- the river ; Company. There are also two other paper mills near the falls, which do an extensive business. The first paper manufactured in was made town in this Connecticut by Col. Christopher Leffingwell. There are at, and near the falls, 9 or 10 establishments for manufacturing Besides these, and those purposes. at Greenville, there are some more The in other parts of the town. principal manufactures are those of Norcotton, paper and woolens. wich city is 13 miles N. from London, 38 S. E. from Hartford, 38 New W. from Providence, and 50 N. Haven. Population E. from of Norwich, in 1830, was 5,179 of which 3,144 were in the city limits. Above the cove, which sets up about a mile from the river, " the bed of the river consists of a solid S. New ; rock, having a perpendicular height of ten or twelve feet, over which the whole body of water falls in an entire sheet upon a bed of rocks �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. below. The river here is compressed into a very narrow channel, the banks consisting of solid rocks, and being bold and elevated. For a distance of 15 or 20 rods, the channel or bed of the river has a gradual descent, is crooked and covered with pointed rocks. The rock, forming the bed of the river at the bottom of the perpendicular falls, is curiously excavated, some of the cavities being five or six feet deep, from the constant pouring of the sheet of water for a succession of ages." At the bottom of the falls there is the broad basin of the cove, where the enraged and agitated element resumes its usual smoothness and placidity, and the whole scenery about these falls is uncommonly beautiful and picturesque. proprietors, the whole of Norwich, which is about nine miles square. The company at this time gave Un- During the wars between Uncas JVottingham Square is a pleasant village on an elevated site. Bog iron ore is found here in great quan- and the Narragansets, Uncas was closely besieged in his fort near the cas and his sons about £70, as a further compensation for so large and fine a tract." Nottiiigliani, N. H., Rockingham co., is 25 miles E. E. from Concord, and 20 W. from Portsmouth. Population, in IS.'JO, There are several ponds in 1,157. this town, mostly of small size. Little river and several other streams rise here ; and North river passes through the town. The soil is in many parts good, though the surSeverface is rough and broken. al mountains extend along the W. part of the town, forming parts of the range called Blue Hills. S. and it is said inexhaustible masses of mountain ore exist in the mountains. Crystals and crystalline spars are found here and also ochres in small quantities. Not- Thames, until his provisions became nearly exhausted, and he with his men were on the point of perFortuishing by famine or sword. nately he found means of giving in- tities telligence to the scouts who had been sent out from Saybrook fort. By his messengers, he represented the great danger the English would be in, were the Narragansets suffered to overpower the Mohegans. " Upon this intelligence, one Thomas Leffingwell, an ensign at Saybrook, an enterprising, bold man, loaded a canoe with beef, corn and peas, and under the cover of night paddled from Saybrook into the Thames, and had the address to get the whole into the fort. The tingham was incorporated in 1722, and settled in 1727. Gen. Joseph Cilley entered ; ; army of the revolution at commencement and commanded the its the N. H. regiment. He was distinguished for bravery and patriotism during the whole contest. 1st Hon. Thomas Bartlett was enemy an active revolutionary patriot ; one of the committee of safety ; Lt. Col. under Stark at the capture of Burgoyne, and commanded a regiment at West Point in 1780, when the treachery of Arnold betrayed that was post. soon perceiving that Uncas raised the siege. For this sei-vice, Uncas gave Leffingwell a deed of a great part, if not the whole town of Norwich. relieved, In June, sons, 16.59, Uncas with his two Owaneko and Attavvanhood, more ibrmal and authentic deed, to said Letiingwell, John Mason, Esq., the Rev. James Fitch and others, consisting of thirty-five by a made over Gen. Henry Butler was an army of the revolution, and Major General of militia. Descendants of these revolutionary worthies now live in the town. officer in the Niilliegan liiver, Vt. This river rises by several branches in the highlands, at the north �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. These county. of Essex branches unite and fall into the This Connecticut at Brunswick. part after parts rapid ; in othIt waters ers, deep and sluggish. about 120 square miles, and is fifty- river is in some wide at its mouth. The head witers of this and of the river Clyde, feet pass N. into Memphremagog lake, This near each other. and was formerly an Indian route between Connecticut river and Canaare da. Oakliani, Mass. Worcester co. The surface passing " Winooski falls into Champlain lake, city" it five miles N. from Burlington village. Winooski is the beautiful Indian name of this river, and had the good people of Winooski possessed the exquisite taste of their predecessors they would pro!)ably have called their charming little cabbage city town. Onion river, so called, has numerous tributaries, and is one of the most romantic streams in the counThe channels which have try. been worn in the rocks, by its cease- of less current, are objects of great passage through town is uneven some of the admiration. In its fissures border on the streams the mountains are found lands which this that ; into fall through Cluckopee river are are not very There is a satinet factory in good. of the town, and manufactures bonnets, palm-leaf hats, leathstraw er, ploughs, boots and shoes. Oakham 1762. W. from in passage across the mountains, in that dn-ection: it is certainly highly picturesque and delightful. Population, 1S37, 1,109. Oldtowu, Me. Penobscot co. See Orono. Oqtiossak. OldtoAVit Hartoor, Mass. Oxford See Edgartown. co. CO. lies a Orange, N. H., Ompoinponoosuc Kiver, Vt. about 20 near the Orange, Grafton co., I cord. river at 16 miles E. from Population, 1830, 405. In are found many mineral this substances, such as lead ore, iron There is in the S. E. part ore, &.C. pond, in which is found a a small species of paint resembling spruce town Ouioii River, Vt. and This is one of the largest most valuable rivers in the state.— length, and in is about 70 miles in It large tracts ot its course fertilizes hydraulic land and produces a great This stream rises in Cale- power. county: it passes nearly through the centre of the counties and of Washington and Chittenden, is Dartmouth college, 10 S. W. from Plymouth, and 40 N. W. from Con- i Norwich. donia 26* Me. maguntic. It is very irregular in its form, and contains many islands. See Gh-eenbush. This good mill stream is miles in length :— it rises centre of the county of and falls into Connecticut littlie, This large lake few miles N. E. of the Mooseluck- Olanuuon, Me. Penobscot rocks from 30 to 100 natural" bridges, curious caverns, and delightful water-falls. The road near the banks of this stream, from Connecticut river to Burlington, is said to be the best N. W. from Worces- was taken from Rutland It ter. 60 miles lies Boston, and 15 solid feet in depth, with smooth perpendicular sides, 60 or 70 feet in width. In many places on this stream are The highlands fertile. | Chalk, intermixed with yellow. magnesia, is said to be procured a from the same pond. In 1810, species of ochre was disvaluable abunIt is found in great covered. and ot a dance, deposited in veins, imported.— quality superior to the �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. are annually The surface of Orange is uneven, but the soil in many parts of it is productive. Cardigan mountain lies in the E, Orange was part of the town. granted by the name of Cardigan, Feb. 6, 1769. Its settlement commenced in 1773. Large quantities of prepared for it market. products of the town in cattle and wool are considerable. Orange, Mass. Franklin co. Orange lies 72 miles W. from Boston, and 20 E. from Greenfield. Incorporated, 1783. Population, 1830, 830 ; 1837, 1,543. The manufactures of the This coun- town consist of iron castings, boots, shoes, palm-leaf hats, card boards, shoe pegs, chairs and cabinet ware bounded N. by Washington and Caledonia counties, E, by Connecticut river, S. by Windsor county, and W. by Addison and Washington counties. Area, 650 square annual amount about $40,000. Miller's river affords the town a good water power, and Tully hill a line prospect. The soil is uneven, and better fitted for grazing than tillage. Population, 1820, 24,169; miles. Population to a 1S30, 27,285. square mile, 42. Incorporated, The eastern range of the 1781. Green mountains extends along the northwestern part of the county. The principal rivers, besides the Connecticut, are the Ompomponoosuc. Wait's, branches of the White, and Stevens' branch of the Onion. The lands in Orange county are generally good for grazing, and supply many cattle and all the varieties of the dairy, of which a large amount is annually sent to market. In 1837 there were 99,346 sheep within its limits. This county contains some excellent tracts of land on the banks of the Connecticut. Iron and lead ores, slate and granite, are There Orange County, Vt. Chelsea, chief town. ty is abundant. Orange, Orange miles S. "Vt. This town lies 12 E. from Montpelier, and 12 co. N. from Chelsea. 1793. The First settled, 1830, 1,016.— cold, and better suited for Population, soil is grazing than grain. tain lies in this elevation, and Knox's moun- — town it is quite an composed princi: is pally of granite. Some of the quarries in the town produce excellent granite for building, and here are found plates of beautiful white mica, several inches square. The • a is pleasant village in the fish pond. town, and a good Orange, Ct. New Haven co. This New Haven taken from ford in 1822. town was and Mil- The name was adopt- ed in honor of William, Prince of Orange, in commemoration of the benetits received from him by the colony of Connecticut; particularly for the restoration of their charter after the usurpation and tyranny of Edmund Andros. about 4 miles S. W. and is a pleasant town with a productive soil. The Orange from lies New Haven inhabitants are principally farmers. Savin Rock in this town is a romanand a place of resort in the summer. There are mines of silver and copper in the town, and asbestos is found in abundance in sertic spot, pentine rocks. Population, 1830, 1,341. Orford, N. H. Grafton co. It lies on Connecticut river, over which is a bridge, connecting with Fairlee. Orford is 11 miles below Haverhill, 17 N. of Hanover, and 64 N. W. from Concord. The soil is generally of a fertile character. The large intervale farms, watered by the Connecticut, are particularly distinguished �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. for their beauty and fertility. There elevations, are two considerable called Mount Cuba and Mount Sunday, lying near the centre of the town. There are four or five ponds of considerable size, one of which, called Baker's upper pond, lies within 3 or 4 miles of Connecticut river. This pond discharges its waters into another pond, lying partly in Wentworth, and the waters of both empty lies about " It is built on a beautiful plain bordered by intervale on The hills on both sides of the W. the river, near the centre of the expansion, approach each other so as and with a to form a kind of neck similar approximation at the two ends give the whole the appearance of a double amphitheatre, or The of the numerical figure 8. greatest breadth of each division is about 1 1-2 miles and the length of each between 2 and 3 miles." The buildings stand principally on a sinroad. ; ; gle street, of 2 or 3 miles in extent. Orford was granted Sept. 25, 1761. In June, 1765, a Mr. Cross with his familj^ from Lebanon, first settled congregational in this town. church was gathered Aug. 27, 1770. Rev. Oliver Noble was ordained Nov. 5, 1771. Population, 1S30, A 1,829. W. from Ellsworth. Orland is finewatered by ponds and streams it has a good soil, a pleasant village and great navigable facilities. Inly : corporated, 1800. Population, 1830, 975; 1S37, 1,244. Orleans Coviiity, Vt. 1 A main co. This toivn lies on the east side of Penobscot river, opposite to Orphan's Island. It lies 64 miles E. from Augusta and 12 into Baker's river. Indian mile west Irom Limestone Baker's upper pond. found in great abundance. is It is of the primitive kind, coarse grained, and forms astrong and hard cement. It is found at the foot of a mountain, about 400 or 500 feet Soap above Connecticut river. stone is also found here in great light grey granite abundance. rock, much used for mill stones and for building, is found in various plaGalena, or lead ore, of a very ces. fine texture, containing needles of crystallized quartz, or lead,hasbeen found, in considerable quantities in sinking a well. Orford contains a pleasant village, situated on the pond Orland, Me* Hancock This Irasbitrgh, cliief town. county is bounded N. by Lower Canada, E. by Essex and Caledonia counties, S. by Caledonia county, and W. by Franklin and Lamoille counties. This countj' lies between the eastern and western ranges of the Green mountains. The surface is generally handsome and the soil well adapted for wheat, rye and grass the climate is rather too cold for corn, and some parts of the coun: marshy. Orleans is low and county is watered by Missisque, Black, Barton and other rivers. It contains more ponds than any coun- ty Much goes to Canada by of the Memphremagog which ty in the state. lake, its trade of way lies in county and Canada. In 1S37 there were 30,657 sheep in the Incorporated, 1792. Popcounty. this ulation, 1830, 11,375. Orleans, Maes. Barnstable co. Orleans was takIt exen from Eastham, in 1797. tends across a narrow part of Cape Cod, and is indented with coves and Stage harbor creeks on both sides. opens on the east through Chatham and Nauset beaches, which extend between which along the coast and the town is Pleasant bay, with In 1837, there several islands. were 33 vessels belonging to Orleans engaged in the cod and mackerel fishery, the tonnage of which was : 2,310 tons. tals of cod They fish — took 20,000 quin- and 600 barrels of �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. There were 31,000 mackerel. bushels of salt used, and 2 64 men The and boys were employed. value of fish taken, when cured and capital inpacked, was $91,100 There are 50 esvested, $33,000. tablishments for the manufacture of salt in the town during the year ending- April 1, 1837, there were 21,780 bushels made. There are also manufactures of palm-leaf hats, leather, boots, shoes and tin ware. Orleans lies 20 miles E. from BarnPopulation, 1S30, 1,799 ; stable. 1837, 1,930. : — ; Or OHO, Me. Penobscot co. This tov/n lies on the west side of Penobscot river, and is watered by Dead stream and a It is large part of Pushaw lake. 74 miles N. E. from Augusta. Incorporated, 1808. Population, 1830, The soil of 1,473; 1837, 3,961. the town is good, and produced, in 1837, 1,744 bushels of wheat. This town borders on the Great Falls in Penobscot river, and contains a great number of saw nulls, which manufacture a vast amount of lumDer annually for the Bangor market. Orono is pleasant and uncommonly flourishing. A rail-road between Bangor and the villages of Stillwater and Oldtotvn, in Orono, was opened for It is 12 miles in travel in 1836. length, and cost $350,000. The Penobscot river at Oldtown, above the falls, is 40 feet higher than at Bangor. The village of Stillwater is 4 miles below Oldtown. Above the falls, and about a mile above the village of Oldtown, near the mouth of Dead stream, on " Oldtown Island," is the Indian Settlement. This settlement is very pleasantly located, and secure from approach except by boats or canoes. a number of framed It contains houses, and a neat chapel with a bell. In 1837, John Neptune, the lieutenant Governor, and other officers of the Penobscot tribe of Indians, finished taking by families a very particular census of all who belong to the tiibe, for the purpose of a just and equal distribution of the annuities and other monies paid to them. It was found that the families in all were ninety five the list exhibiting the head of each family by name, and the number of individuals each one contains, annexed thereto. The whole number of souls in the tribe was three hundred and sixty-two. Their officers are, a governor, lieutenant governor, a colonel, four captains, one 'squire, and one deacon. In religion they are catholics. Several of them can read, and a few can write, though in a poor hand. The whole tribe is divided in politics, and on some occasions party — spirit rages warmth with almost as much among the pale faces, though generally better tempered. No affair of honor, or rather of murder, has ever been known to disgrace these savages. The as tribe own, collectivelj'', all the islands in the Penobscot river, beginning with that of Oldtown, where their village is, and including all up as far as the forks, several miles above the Matawamkeag, many of which are exceedingly pleasant and fertile. The Indians are not poor, having sold some of their lands for large sums. a remnant, howevreduced a tribe anand uniformly called the To such er, is this tribe — ciently Tarratines, who could bring into the field more than two thousand warriors, and who claimed the lands on both sides of the Penobscot river from its sources to its mouth. Orplian's Island, Me. Penobscot co. This island, containing about 5,000 acres of excellent land, at the mouth of Penobscot river, is 4 miles in length. It is attached to the town of Bucksport the head or north part of it lies oppo- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. site to the beautiful village in that town. This island divides the Penobsrot into two branches the westei-n " Naror main branch is called the rows," 'on which side a fort is about to be constructed by the U. S. govern: ment for the protection of the river. The other branch is called " Eastern river." This beautiful island derived its name from its having been the property of an orphan heiress who inherited it as her part of the Waldo Patent. Orriiigtoii, Me. This is a fine township of land with a handsome village on the east side of Penobscot Penobscot co. The river, opposite to Hampden. town has a good mill stream and en- joys great navigable facilities. PopWheat crop, ulation, 1837, 1,126. same year, 2,340 bushels. Orwell, Vt. Rutland co. This town lies on Champlain lake opposite to Ticonderoga, N. Y. and contains Mount Independence, celebrated in the an- nals of the revolutionary war. The and lake here is about a mile wide, Mount a delightful prosfrom the pect is presented. Orwell was first permanently settled in 1783. The generally good and productive. In 1837 it contained 21,512 sheep. There is a spring waters of in the town from the soil of the town which Epsom is salts have been made, animals have been and shells found supposed to have pertained to There are good mill the ocean. streams in Orwell and a pleasant Population, 1330, 1,598. village. U so elevated that storms the winds break over the summits, frequently causing much injury to the farms, and Ossipee lake buildings at its base. it is is in this town, and Freedom a fine body of water, of an oval form, in length, and in easterly : covering about 7,000 acres, having no island, and its waters clear and beautiful. Ossipee river flows from this lake, from whence it passes through Freedom into the Saco, in Maine. Pine river passes through the E. part of Ossipee, and Bearcamp river falls into the lake on the N. W. There are several ponds in Ossipee, the largest of which lies partly in Tuftonborough, and is about 400 rods long. Bear pond in the S. E. part, has no visible outlet. Near the W. shore of Ossipee lake, or 50 feet in is a mound of earth 45 diameter, of a circular form, and about 10 feet high, from which have been taken several entire skeletons, and also tomahawks, &c. exhibiting tribe the strongest evidence that the once so powerful in this vicinity had their principal residence here. Ossipee was incorporated, Feb. 22, 1785. Population, 1830, 1,935. Otis, Hancock was incorpobounded on the Otis co. rated in 1835. Me. It is west by Ellsworth. It is the source some of the rivers which flow Union into Frenchman's bay, and Popriver, passes its N. W. corner. of ulation, 1S37, 92. of Otis, Mass. Ossipee, Berkshire co. This township is of on high ground, and is the source someV the head waters of FarmThese ington and Westfield rivers. handsti^eams flowfrom several very ]V. H., N. N. E. and about 15 N. E. from Concord, Strafford co. is 60 mile^, The surface of the some ponds. uneven but the soil is protown is pasturductive, particularly of good from Gilford, across Winnepisiogee The manufactures consist ol age. Ossipee mountain, a rough lake. cabileather, boots, shoes, chairs, and broken range, lies in the N. W. &c. It lies 130 into the net ware, lumber, part of Ossipee, extending by S. from Boston, and 15 It is 6 or 8 miles miles W. adjoining towns. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. S. E. 1,077. from Lenox. Population, 1837, Otisiield, Me. Cumberland co. This town is watered by Crooked river, which empties into Sebagolake. The soil is very good, and produced, in 1S37, 4,525 bushels of wheat. It lies 82 miles S. S. W. from Augusta and 32 N. N. W. from Portland. Population 1830, 1,257. Otter Creek, Vt. This stream rises on the south part Rutland county it traverses, in a northern course, nearly through the centre of that county, and waters Clarendon, Rutland, Pittsford, Brandon and other towns; it then enters Addison county, and passes to Middlebury, where it falls very ol : — considerably, affording that pleasant town an admirable water power; it then passes Weybridge, New Haven and Vergennes, a ad falls into Champlain lake at Ferrisburgh. From Vergennes it is navigable for the largest lake vessels, 8 miles. There are no considerable falls on this stream except at Middlebury, Weybridge and Vergennes. In many parts of its course it is sluggish. From Middlebury to Pittsford, a An almost countless number of sels pass this place annually. ves- Fre- quently live hundred pass in a day. 15th to June 15th, 1838, 5019 sail were seen to pass in the day time. Owl's Head is not only a stopping place in a storm, but a resort for great numbers of people, for many miles around, to take passages on board of steamers and other vessels. It is a delightful place in summer, and has justly acquired a reputation for possessing all the various enjoyments which induce thousands to visit the sea coast at other places. It lies 4 miles E. from Thomaston, 55 S. from Bangor, 40 S. E. from Augusta, and 79 E. N. E. from Portland. From March Oxford Coviiity, Paris, chief town. Me. This county bounded N. by Lower Canada, E. by Franklin and Kennebec counties, S. by Cumberland and York counties, and W. by New Hampis shire. It is watered by the Margallaway, Androscoggin, Saco, and numerous other rivers. In the noith- distance of 25 miles, it is navigable for boats. Otter Creek has many tributaries which afford a great wa- ern part of the county lies a collecof large lakes v/hose waters empty into the Umbagog, and pass power. Its length is about 90 miles, and on its banks are large ter tion tracts of alluvial meadows, some of the best in the state. It receives the waters of a basin of about 900 to the ocean by the Androscoggin and Kennebec rivers. Although some parts of the county are rough and mountainous, yet a very large part of it is exceedingly fertile, particularly on the borders of its numerous rivers, lakes and ponds. This county contained an area of 2,684 square miles previous to the formation of Franklin county, in 1838, which was formed partly from Oxford county. The population of Oxford county, in 1820, was 17,630, square miles. Owl's Head, Me. Lincoln co. This noted place on our eastern waters is a point of land attached to the town of Thomaston, running out three or four miles into Penobscot bay, opposite to the island town of Vinalhaven. Owl's Head forms the western entrance into the mouth of Penobscot river, and has a light house to guide the wary breakwater mariner on his way. is about being erected, which will render the harbor at this place one of the most commodious, as it is one of the most important, on the coast. A Incorporated, 1793. ' 1830, 35,211 ; 1837, 40,640. Popu- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. The lation to a square mile, 15. number of sheep in this county, in last of the 1S37, was 76,028. Oxford, Me. This town is w^atered Androscoggin river and It contains some several ponds. excellent land and two flourishing Oxford by CO. little villages. It produced, in 1837, 3,22b" bushels of wheat. Population, same year, 1,124. Oxford lies 52 miles S. W. from Augusta, and 8 S. from and murdered some of the people. This so terrified the inhabitants that they left the place, and most of them settled in Boston, where a French church was maintained by them several years. Paris. Oxford, Mass. This is an important manufacturing town, of uneven "Worcester co. gravelly soil; 45 miles W. from Boston and 10 S. from Incorporated, 1773. Worcester. Population, 1337, 2,047. There are surface, strong, 5 woolen and 4 cotton and manufactures of boots and shoes :— total value, the year ending April 1, 1837, $501,394. Oxford is a pleasant town, and hne- in the mills, peach trees was destroy- ed by the gale of 1815. They had a minister while resident here, whose name was Bondet. These people remained here till 1696, when the Indians attacked the place town Oxford, Ct. New Haven en from 14 miles and 40 S. co. Oxford was tak- Derby in N. W. trora 1798. It lies New Haven W. from Hartford. It is watered by Housatonick and Nauoatuck rivers. The surface of the town is diversified with hills and valleys;— the soil is generally a gravelly loam, fertile and productive. There are large manufacturing establishments in Oxford, among which are three satinet factories hat manufactory. watered by French river, which and an extensive ly place is the Quinne- The water power at this passes to the ocean by excellent. Population, 1S30, 1,763. bauz and Thames. " Governor's Hill" a fine The original township of Oxford From was view of the neat village of " Quawas ei^ht miles square, and Farms," and the surrounding grantecf to Joseph Dudley and oth- ker accommodation country is presented. ers, in 16S0, for the About one mile south of the cenof about 30 French protestant famtown is a remarkahad escaped from France tral part of the ilies, who " The ble mineral spring, called Edict ot after the revocation of the from the circumstance of its Nantz, when they became exposed Pool," that waters being efficacious, and much to every cruelty and hardship for the cure of the salt rheum catholic intolerance and religious used " Once in a complaints. could invent. They were and other bigotry colemigration to month a yellowish scum will their in assisted upon the surface of the water, of lect this country by the proprietors which in a few days runs off, the grant, and settled here about clear. a hill in and leaves the pool perfectly They built a fort on IGSs! coldest weather, this spring eastern part of the town, now In the the never freezes in the dryest season called Mayo's, or Fort Hill, where was it is as full as at other times." It ; its remains are still visible. constructed by the rules of art, with its bastions, and "had a well within another fort, and a meeting house. The grapes, their ctirrants, and asparagus of grow here, and the still planting, enclosure. They had Palermo, Me. Waldo CO. This town is watered by several beautiful ponds, which form the head waters of Sheepscot This is a farming town of river. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. good soil and undulating surface, produced, in 1337, 5,326 bushels of wheat. PopuLation, same year, 1,53S. It lies 16 miles E. N. E. from Augusta, and 24 W. from Belit fast. Incorporated, 1804. Palmer, Mass. Hampden This town was co. originally settled by a colony from Ireland. It was incorporated in 1752. The surface of Palmer is hilly, but the soil is good, particularly along the Swift rivers, by banks of Ware and which it is finely watered, and supplied with water power. There are 1 woolen and 2 cotton mills in the town, and manufactures of boots, shoes, scythes, — palm-leaf hats and wagons; total amount, the year ending April 1, 1837, $178,556. The value of 2,652 fleeces of wool sheared in this town, that year, was $4,243.— Palmer lies 70 miles W. by S. from Boston, and 16 E. N. E. from Springfield. Population, 1830, 1,237; 1837, 1,810. Palmyra, Me. Elizabethtown, N. lake. V., across the Population, 1830, G05. Paris, Me. Chief town, Oxford co. Paris is well watered, and supplied with mill privileges by Little Androscoggin river, on v/hich are several milis^in the town. The though some parts uneven and in soil is excellent, al- mountainous. The principal vilis well built, pleasantly located, and the seat of considerable busilage ness. The town was incorporated Population, 1837, 2,352. Wheat crop, same year, 10,453 bushels. Paris lies 42 miles W. by S. from Augusta, and 40 N. by W. from Portland. in 1793. Parkman, Me. Piscataquis co. This town is watered by a branch of Piscataquis river, and has an excellent soil for agricultural purposes. It lies 64 miles N. by E. from Augusta, and 14 W. from Dover. Inc^orporated, 1822. Population, 1830, 803; 1837, 1,125. Wheat crop, 1837, 6,018 bushels. Somerset co. Sebasticook river passes through this town, and affords it a good water power. The soil Parsonsfield, Me. York CO. This town lies at the N. W. corner of the county, and is is rich, and the surface undulating. bounded W. by the state of New There are some mills in the town, Hampshire, and N. by Ossipee rivand considerable attention is paid' er. It is 36 miles W. by N. from to its agricultural interests. It lies Portland, 21 N. by W. from Alfred, 51 miles N. N. E. from Augusta, and 93 W. S. W. from Augusta.— and 25 E. N. E. from Norridgewock.' First settled, 1774. Incorporated, 1807. Population, in 1837, 1,328. Wheat crop, same year, 8,523 bushels. Paiiton, Vt. Addison co. This town is bounded W. by Champlain lake, and E. by Otter creek. passes through it A sluggish stream yet, although thus does not possess a good mill site, the country being exceedingly level. It lies 40 miles VV^. S. W. from Montpelier, 13 N. W. from Middlebury, 25 S. by V/.'froni Burlington, and is 4 miles from watered, it ; Incorporated, Population, 1837, 2,510.— The surface of the town is rough and hilly, but the soil, though haixl, is productive of good crops of grain and hay. Wheat crop, 1837, 3,929 bushels. 1785. There are many good farmers in town, and good specimens of iron ore, zinc and crystalized quartz are found here. In this place is an incorporated seminary, for the education of males and females. The institution is under the direction of the Free Will Baptists, and is in a this flourishing condition. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Fassadvuul^eag, Ble. Penobscot This town lies on the east side of" Penobscot river, 9S miles N. E. from Augusta, and 30 N. by E. from Bangor. The soil of the town is fertile, and promises a rich reward to the industrious farmco. Population, 1837, 422. Wheat same year, 1,070 bushels. The village of Passadumkeag is admirable located, and will doubtless become an important mart of the trade of a large section of counThis flourishing village lies at try. the junction of Passadumkeag river with the Penobscot. This delightful stream is about 25 miles in length. It rises in the north eastern part of this county, and waters the northern part of Plancock county. It re-enters Penobscot county, and receives the Cold stream, two miles from Passadumkeag village. Both the Passadumkeag and Cold stream afford excellent mill privier. crop, leges. Passamaquoddy Bay, Me. This bay lies partly in Maine, and partly in the Briti-h Province of New Brunswick. The boundavy line between the state of Maine New Brunswick passes through the western part of this bay up the river St. Croix. Campo Bello,Deer, and other English islands almost enclose this bay from the ocean. At its mouth it is about 9 miles in width, and and extends from West Quoddj^ Lubec, due north into New Brunswick, about 25 miles. This bay contains a great numiier of excellent harbors it is never frozen over, and abounds with cod, herring and other fishes. The most important English town on this bay is St. Andrews, a very flourishing place, 15 miles N. from Eastport. The Passamaquoddy Indians re- Head, in ; side at Perry, Me. Passum^isick River, Vt. This river rises in Caledonia, and on the south border of Essex 27 counties. It passes south about 35 miles, and falls into the Connecticut at Barnet, about a mile below the foot of Fifteen Mile Falls. It has a number of tributaries. This is a valuable stream, both on account of the numerous mill sites it afibrds, and the large tracts of choice intervale it forms on its borders. It is generally deep, but in many places it is very rapid, and forms beautiful cascades. Patricl£.to\\ai, Lincoln co. Me. This plantation contains the principal part of a large pond, and is watered by streams which flow into the Sheepscot and Damariscotta. This is a large plantation, of good soil. Population, 1S37, 465. It lies 17 miles E. from Augusta, and 20 N. W. from War- ren. PaAvcatuck River. This river lises in the western Rhode Island, and empties into Long Island Sound, separating, at its mouth, the towns of Westerly, R. I., and Stonington, Ct. It is navigable about 6" miles from its mouth, and Wood and Charles rivpart of ers, two of are good principals tributaries, streams. its m.ill Pawcatuck village. See West- erly. Pa^vlet, Vt. Rutland co. The town is First settled, 1761. Population, 1S30, 1,965. Pawlet lies 21 miles S. W. from Rutland, and 27 S. E. from Whitehall, N. Y. river, which lake at river, watejed by Pawlet falls into Whitehall, which rises Champlain and by Indian from a spjing sufficiently large to carry a mill. The latter river was formerly a great resort of the natives, who frequented it for trout and other fish with which it abounds. The territory of Pawlet is nearly divided by a range of mountains, the highest summit of which is known by the �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEEH. This is a of " Haystack." pleasant towa, with some manufacThe soil is dry and warai, tures. and produces good crops of corn and hay. It feeds about 11,000 sheep. Slater, Esq., the of cotton manufactures in Anierica, resided in this village many years. He died at Webster, Mass., greatly respected, April 20, 1335, aged 67. Samuel, name fatlier Paivtiiclcet, Mass. Pawtiixet River, H. The toivn of Pawtucket lies on the east side of the river of the same name. It is two miles square, and was taken from Seekonk in 1S2S. The population of the town,inlS30,was 1,453; 1337, 1,831. The village of Pawtucket is very pleasant; it is an important manufacturing place, commanding a considerable trade, and contains a population of about 8,090. It lies on both sides of the river, and includes a part of the town of North Bristol CO. This celebi-ated river rises in the western part of the State. It has numerous tributaries, and mingles with the waters of the Narraganset, five miles below Providence. This river is distinguished for its valuable mill sitesjand for the numerous man- — ufacturing establishments erected on its banks. Pawtuxet and its branches fertilize a large portion of Paxtoii, Mass. V/orcester co. Paxton was taken from Leicester and Rutland, in 1785. It is on high ground; its waters descend both to the Connecticut and Merrimack. It lies 50 miles W. from Boston, and 7 N. W. fi-ora Worcester. Population, 1837, 619. This is a pleasant town, with manufactures of palm-leaf hats, boots, shoes, leather, carriages, &c. The surface of the town is uneven, but the soil is good, and well culti- immense, and the fall of the river short distance, is 50 feet. The river is navigable to the village for vessels of considerable burthen. It runs 4 miles S. by W. to Providence river, at India Point, near the depot of the Boston and v.'ithin a Providence rail-road, one mile below the centre of the city of Providence. The river, above Pawtuck- vated by chairs, date of the firstsettlement of Peacham must have been near 1777, when Henry Elkins, the first child in town, was born. The first mill was erected in 1731. The town is well watered by several ponds and streams the surface is pleasantly diversified the soil fertile and well cultivated by independent farmers. The agricultural products are conAbout 6,000 sheep are siderable. Peacham lies 20 miles E. by kept. N. from Montpelier, and 8 S. by W. from Danville. Population, 1330, 1,351. ; cabinet wares, &c. total annual value, about two millions of dollars. The turnpike road from this place to Pi'ovidence is probably tbj best road of the kind in the world. It is very straight, wide, level, smooth, and shaded on each side by beauti- ; ; ful trees. proprietors. Caledonia co. As no town can be considered properly peopled without some of the fair sex, the ; vessels, its PeacHiam, Vt. Massachusetts, takes the name oiBlackstone; below the falls it takes the name of Seekonk. This place is 4 miles N. fi-om Providence, 36 S. from Boston, 16 W. by S. from Taunton, and 33 S. E. from Worcester. At this place are 12 or more cotton mills and print works, and manufactures of cotton machinery, bobbins, spools, &e. of boots, et, in carriages, See Warivick. the state. Providence, in R. I. The tirst manufacture of cotton cloth in this countrj^, by water power machinery, was commenced at The water power is this place. shoes, I. \ �New ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Peeling, N. II. Grafton co. This town is 20 miles N. from Plymouth, and 60 N. from Concord. The Pemigewas^et passes through its E. section. The three branches of this river unite in the N. part of Peeling. There are several brooks and rivulets which supply tliis place with a number of mill privileges. The ponds are numerous. Cushman's mountain, in the S. W., Black mountain in the N. W., and Blue mountain in the W. Among are the highest elevations. these mountains, branches of the Wild Amonoosuck and Baker's rivand Moosehillock brook, have ers, their sources. On the last stream There there is a beautiful cascade. are here two springs which have Peeling been termed medicinal. was settled about 1773. Population, 1830, 291. Pelliam, N. H. This town is Hillsborough co 37 miles S. from Concord, and 19 S.E. fromAmherst. Here are three ponds, called Gumpas, Island, Beaver river and North ponds. On this passes through the town. tributary streams river and the there is much valuable meadow. distant The inhabitants depend principally on agriculture for the means of supMuch timber and cord wood port. are carried annually to the banks of the Merrimack, and thence conveyed to Newburyport, or to Boston The through Middlesex canal. first settlements were made in 1722. The town was incoi-poratcd in 174G, about 5 years after the state line was established, by which a part was separated from Dracut, Mass. Population in 1330, 1,075. Pelliam, Mass. Hampshire co. This town lies 80 miles W. from Boston, and 13 N. E. from Northampton. It was incorporated in 1742. Population, in The surface o-f the 1837, 957. town elevated and uneven ; the hard but productive. Swift and Fort livers alford it mill privileges. Some palm-leaf hats are is soil is made here. Some years ago the notorious Stephen Burroughs profaned the christian sabbath, by imposing himself on the innocent people of Pel- ham as a minister of the gospel. Peniadtmicook lL<ake, Me., Or the large lake Bamedumpkok. This of very irregular form, containing a great number of islands, and lies a few miles N.from BaIt receives the ker's mountain. waters of numerous lakes, or collections of water, lying between it and the eastern sources of the Moose Head. The soil on the borders of the Pemadumcook, and the lakes connected with it, is remarkThe Jo Mary lakes ably fertile. are beautiful sheets of water, and are surrounded by some of the best timbered land in the state. They lie near the Pemadumcook ; and the facilities afforded for rafting lumber down the Penobscot, through that lake, render that section of country is very valuable. PeniTbroke, Me. Washington Population, in co. Wheat crop, same year, 1837, 86G. It lies 178 m41es 1,216 bushels. from Augusta. See " Down East." Penil>ro3ie, K". H., co., lies 60 miles N. from Boston, and 6 S. E. from Concord. This town is generally well watered. The Suncook,on the S. E. boundary, furnishes many valuable water privileges. The main street extends nearly on a parallel with Merrimack river in a straight course about three miles, and is very Merrimack W. pleasant. On this are situated the principal village. academy and the Pembroke has a mostly very variety of soils, productive. On the �NEW ENGLAND rivers are small but valuable tracts of intervale, and from these the land rises in extensive and beautiful swells, yielding in abundance when properly cultivated. Pembroke is the ancient Suncook of the Indians. It was granted by this name in 1727, by the government of Massachusetts, to Capt. John Lovewell, and his brave associates, consideration of their services against the Indians. The whole number of grantees was 60 ; 48 of in whom accompanied Lovewell in his last march to Pequawkett. The first survey was made in 172S and in the following year settlements ; were commenced. The settlements increased slowly, in consequence of the frequent alarms from the Indians, who committed many depredations upon their property. Population, 1830, 1,-312. Pembroke; Mass. Plymouth co. This town w^as taken from Duxbury in 1711. Population, 1837, 1,258. It lies 27 miles S. E. from Boston, and 12 N. N. W. from Plymouth. North river separates this town from Hanover; and some branches of that stream, rising from ponds in Pembroke, give it a good water power. For more than 40 years after the settlement at Plymouth, this town contained the only saw-mill in the colony. Pembroke is at the head of navigation on the North river, and possesses superior advantages for ship building ; and many noble vessels, constructed of native white oak, are annually launched. The manufactures of the town consist of vessels, cotton goods, tacks, iron ware, chairs, cabinet ware, &c. The North river is very deep and narrow, and so exceedingly crooked that it meanders 18 miles in its course from Pembroke to Sciti;ate harbor, is less when the distance than 6 miles. by land GAZETTEElv Pemigewasset River, W. H. This stream and the Winnepisiogee constitute the Merrimack. It is formed of three principal branches, having their sources in Peeling, Franconia, and the ungranted lands S. W. of the White Mountains. These branches unite in Peeling, from whence the main stream passes in a S. direction through Tho'rn- Campton, between Plymouth ton, and Holderness Bridgevvater, Bristol and New Hampton Hill and Franklin, where it unites with Winnepisiogee river, and the main stream becomes the Merrimack. ; ; Pemmaquid Lincoln Point, Me. This is an important point of land, extending into the sea between Muscongusbay on the east, and Pemmaquid river and the waters of Damariscotta on the west. There is a light house on this point, which bears W. 10 miles from St. George's island, and about N. E. 9 miles from Bantam Ledge. co. Penobscot River and Bay, Me. This large and important river, with its numerous and extensive branches water a large portion of the state. It pierces the county which bears its name and receives tributaries from Washington, Hancock, Waldo, Piscataquis and Somerset counties. Below the union of the eastern and western branches the Piscataquis and Matawam- keag From are its largest tributaries. the junction of the two branches, or " the Forks," to tide water at Bangor is about 76 miles. The east branch rises at the north, in the Schools lakes, near Aroostook river, and on its passage to the junction, a distance of about 50 miles, called Seboois river. it is properly The western branch of the Penobscot rises in the high lands on the border of Lower Canada and the western frontier of Maine. It passes through the counties of Som- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. erset and Piscataquis in an eastern direction, to its junction with the eastern branch, receiving in its course the waters of hikes Chesun- cook, Peraadumcook, MilUnoket, and other hxrge collections of water. This branch passes within 3 miles northern border of Moose source of Kennebec river. The length of this branch of the Penobscot, from its source to its union with the east branch or Seboois river, may be stated at about 140 miles and the greatest length of the river to Bangor, 215, and to the ocean, 275 miles. Some of the most important of the Head lake, the ; this majestic river, are noted under their distinctive names; a description of them all with their hydraulic powers and boatable capabilities, their rapid courses and beautiful cataracts, their fertilizing qualities, and other pecuInliarities, would fill a volume. deed, these streams and the immense basin which they drain, are so little known, that some years must elapse before any thing like a fair delineation of the value and beauty of this Enginteresting 'section of tributaries of New land can be given. Penobscot Bay. The waters of this bay extend from OwVs Head on the west, to Burnt Coat Island a distance of about 30 on the E. ; miles. lands, and a It Fox At its mouth Deer Isle, Isle of Haut, number of smaller islands. are extends to Belfast bay, at Is- the country constituting a counrather a district within the state, to be divided into counties as exigencies may require. Not more than a fourth part of the territory is settled, incorporated into towns, With the excepor even granted. tion of a small portion at its southern boimdary, it comprises a fertile wilderness, densely wooded, pierction of ty, is ed in every direction with mill streams, and adorned with beautiful lakes. It contains a larger extent of territory than the whole agricultural slate of Vermont, with its 14 large and flourishing counties ; of no better soil, at a greater distance from the ocean, in nearly the same latitude, and, in 1S37, with a population of no less than 31 to a square mile. In 1837, before a part of this territory was set off to form Piscataquis county, it comprised an area of 10,57S square miles. It was incorpoIn 1790, rated as a county in 131G. population of only it contained a 1,154. In 1820, the population was 13,870; 1330, 31,530, and in 1837, Population to a square^ 54,961. Increase of mile, 5 and a fraction. population, in 7 years, 74 per cent. There are some mountains in this county, but the surface is generally undulating, containing as small a portion of waste land as any county in the state, in proportion to Vv ith regard to its soil, it its size. is con- ceded by all who have traveled through the territory and examined producit, that its quality, for the of Penobscot river, a distance of 20 miles N. from Owl's Head. This bay contains a great number of commodious harbors, and on its borders are many large and tion of all the comm-odities necessa- It flourishing commercial towns. affords a great variety of fish, and the scenery among the islands is de- consist mouth lightful. Pciiolbscot County, Me. Bangor, chief town. 27* This sec- the wants and comforts of man, is better than the soil of NewEngland generally. ry for of this county principally of lumber, of The manufactures is annuOther manufac- which an immense amount ally transported. tures, however, are rising on the banks of its rivers, and will doubtless increase with its population. In 1837, there were 39,154 sheep �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. county of Penobscot, and its crop, the same year, amounted to 202,143 bushels. Large portions of the soil of this almost wilderness county are stated to be exceedingly luxuriant, equalling in quality the famed lands of the Ohio valley. There are doubt- The surface of the pleasant, and the soil good. Population, 1837, 1,496. Wheat crop, same year, 2,074 bushels. Incorporated, 1787. less large tracts of land pleasant town, with a good soil and handsome orchards. It is watered by the Nashua river, which gives it a good water power. There are three paper mills in the town, and in the wheat in the val- Mattawamkeag, AroosMadawaska, as and which will ultimately leys of the took, St. Johns, and fertile, become as valuable for their agri- ing sea port. town is Peppcrell, Masg. Middlesex cultural productions, as any in our manufactures country. boots, shoes, The water power of this county unrivalled by any section of country of its extent in the world, and the noble Penobscot furnishes it with a cheap and convenient passage for the wants of its people from abroad, and for the surplus productions of the soil at home. When the resources of this county are more fully developed and better understood wlien the healthfulness of the climate, the purity of its air and water, are fairly compared with those of the western and southern prairies, and when the value of a surplus bushel of wheat, or a fat ox on the banks of the Ohio, is compared with the value of the same productions on the banks of the Penobscot, we trust there will be less complaint against the soil of England, for the want of patronage it affords to the enterprize, comfort, and wealth of her children. is ; New Pe5iol>scot, Me. co. A maritime town, on the E. side of Penobscot bay, nearly opposite to Belfast, and i2 miles E. by N. from it. It is 75 miles E. by N. from Augusta, 8 N. by E. from Castine, and 17 S. W. from Ellsworth. An arm of Penobscot bay sets up from the S. W., and gives the town great navigable facilities. It has a great water power, and its manufacture of lumber, its ship building, and coasting trade, render it an important and flourish- Hancock co. of &c. This is palm-leaf a very hats, Annual amount about $80,000. Incorporated, 1753. Population, 1837, 1,586. It lies 33 miles N.W. from Boston, and 17 N. N. W. from Concord. Col. William Prescott, the brave defender of Charlestown heights, was a native of this town. He died in 1795, aged 70. This town derived its name from Sir William Pepperell, who about the year 1727, was chosen one of his majesty's council, and was annually re-elected 32 years, till his death. Living in a country exposed to a ferocious enemy, h.e was well fitted for the situa- which he was placed, for it pleased God to give him a vigorous frame, and a mind of firm texture, and of great calmness in danger. He rose to the highest military honors which hiscountiy could bestow upon him. When the expedition against Louisbourg was contemplated, he was commissioned by the governors of New England to command the troops. Ho invested the city in 1745. There was a remarkable seiies of providences in the whole affair, and Mr. Pepperell ascribed his unparalleled success to the God of armies. The king, in rcAvard for his services, conferred upon him the dignity of a baronet of Great Britain, an honor never before conferred on a native of New England. He died at his seat in Kittery, Maine, July 6, I759,aged 63 years, leaving but on« tion, in �GAZETTEER. NEW ENGLAND good navigable is favored with considerawaters, and is a place of busiiel Sparhawk. enterprise in the fishing ble liam (son of Col. and the coasting The name and ness, ^bip building, It is 184 miles iu London in 1817. and lumber trade. 2o J^. title are extinct. E by N. from Augusta, and relict ot Incorporated, Lady Mary Pepperel her N. E. from Machias. died at Sir William Pepperell, Population, 1837,929. 1818. daughter, the ^^nfe Of Col. NathanilThe last feudied Sparhawk,) \J It seatinKittery,Nov.25,1789^She town, At Pleasant Point, in this Hirst, river, is an was daughter of Grove on the margin of the of Hon ot Esq. and ^rand-daughter reservation, the residence Her natural and Indian Judge Sewall. the Oiieyiangos, or remnant of said to be the acquired powers were Passamaquoddij tribe. The village and she was much respectable, Catholic church, very sweetness admired for her wit and » of manners. William Pepperkll, Sir William, ther of the native of Cornwall, t^rst the la- was a contains a Roman souls.-— about 20 cottages, and 120 about reservation comprises The 27,000 acres. England, and about the emigrated to this country settled at the Isles year 1676, and of Shoals, said as a so he was after his Pervi, Me. Peru is bounded on CO. and by Androscoggin river, It is the N fisherman. pleasant ponds and contains some poor for some time has a good soil and arrival, that the lady the paid his addresses at to Oxford It mill streams. bushe.s of produced, in 1837, 3,457 year, he Population, same wheat. to him. Peru Shoals would not hearken Incorporated, 1821. his 854. However, in a few years by W. by N. from Augusgot lies 38 miles frugality, he from Pans. industry and ta, and 17 N. by E. out a brig, which enouo-h to send Peru, Vt. lady now he lolded to Hull. The After his marGreen consent. gave her Bennington CO. This is a he removed to Kittery, Mountain township, high and brokriao-e, wealthy hsh ponds where he became a very It contains two large en merchant, and died in 1734. which issue beautiful mounfrom First settled, 1 73^ tain streams. Peqiiawkett River, N. H. It lies 3C Population, 1830, 455. Pequawkett, written by Belknap miles N. N. E. from Bennington, PickWindsor. Piswacket, and by Sullivan and SOS. W. from true orthography is wocket, but the Peru, Mass. an Infound to be Pe-quaw-kett; applied to a considerable rough dian name Berkshire co. This is a wherein country, now including whom / of town, Me., and mountainous and W estConway, N. H., Fryeburgh, branches of Housatonick towns.It was formerly and some of the adjacent rise. fiehl rivers of a river flowand i^nconx)It is also the name called Partridgefield, ne Saco, from two ponds ino- into the by that name in 1771. 1 be- rated tract mountain in^Eaton; and of a Bartlett and Chatham, tween merly called Kearsarge. for Perry, Mc. lies Washington co. This town w!side of St. Croix river, on the Eastport, and 5 miles to which N. W. it is from connected by a bridge. «oil The ers. grazing. cold but adapted for tarminhabitants are chiefly In Population, 1837, 656. is that year 6,127 sheep n wh Sftll were sheared wool, town; the value of the was lbs h weighed 18,381 111 miles AV. Peru lies 948 18 N.E. from Lenox, this lorn Boston, �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. and 47 E. from Albany, N. Y. It highest land between the Coanecticat and Hudson rivers. is the Peterljoro-ugli, Hillsborough co. midway between 'X. M, 75 miles W. S. lies Amherst and W. from Ports- mouth, 60 N. W. from Boston, and 40 S. \V. from Concord. Peterborough lies in a N. E. direction from the Grand Monadnock,and is bounded on the E. by a chain of hills Contoocalled Pack Monadnock. cook river runs in a N. E. and N. direction through the centre of the town, affording several good pi-ivi- The leges for mills and factories. N. branch, from Dublin, originating partly from waters near the Monadnock, and partly from Long, or Hunt's pond, lying in Nelson and Hancock, atfords a never-failing supply of water, and furnishes those noble falls, on v/hich are situated There are exseveral factories. tensive and valuable meadows on this branch, above these falls; and the soil generally throughout the town is excellent. In the centre of the town is a high hill, formerly the site of a meeting house, at an elevation of 200 feet above the rivThe chain of hills on the E. is er. distinguished by two pi-incipal sumBetween these summits is a mits. depression of a quarter part of the mountain's height. About GO rods W. of the ridge, or summit of this depression, on an emhenchment of the mountain, is a pond of about 9 acres extent, very deep and replenished with fish, at an elevation of 200 feet above the site of meetThere are rocks ing liouse hill. in several places which afford indications of sulphur, and ci-umbie on exposure to the sun and air. Iron ore of an excellent quality has been discovered, but as yet in small quantities. Peterborough was granted in 1733, by the government of Massachusetts to settlement In 1759 there were 45 families, and on the 17th Jan., the next year, the town was Samuel Hey wood tirst The incorporated. This town Keene, being 20 miles from each. It is The and others. took place in 1739. tirst settlers of Peterborough were Scotch Presbyterians, from Ireland, or their immediate descendants. Wholly unused to clearing and cultivating of wild lands, they endured great hardTheir nearest gristmill was ships. miles distant at Townsend, 25 their road, a line of marked trees. The tirst male child born here, was John Richie ; he was born Feb 22, 1751, and died in the service of his country at Cambridge, in 1776. Population, 1830,1,934. Petersliam, Mass. Worcester co. Petersham is a very pleasant town, elevated on a swell of fertile land, and presenting a fine prospect of many of the neighboring towns. It was first settled about the year 1732, and was called by the Indians JYashawang. Swift river waters a part of the town, and affords a water power. There is a Vv^oolen mill in the town; and manufactures of palm-leaf hats, leather, boots, shoes, chairs, and cabinet ware total annual value, about $60,000. It lies 62 miles W. by N. from Boston, and : 27 N. W. from Worcester. tion, 1S37, 1,731. Popula- Incorporated, 1754. Pliillips, Me. This town is waby Sandy river. It lies 53 N. W. from Augusta, and 15 Franklin co. tered miles N. W. from Farm in gton. IncorpoPop. 1830, 954; 1837, Wlieat crop, in 1837, 6,23S rated, 1812. 1,283. bushels, Pliilllpstou, Mass. Worcester co. There is a large pond in this town, the source of Burnshint river. This pleasant town was taken from Athol and Templeton, in 1786. It was called Gerry until 1812. The manufactures of �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. the town consist of cotton and woolen goods, p;ilm-leaf hats, leath- and shoes ; annual value, It lies 53 miles N. about $75,000. W. by VV. from Boston, and 25 N. W. from Worcester. Population, 1837, 8S7. er, boots Pliipsbur^^li, Lincoln town at the co. This mouth of is Me. a maritime Kennebec riv- on the west side, 40 miles S. from Augusta, and IS S. W. from er, Wiscasset. Population, 1837, 1,430. of a peninsula of land, of about 15 miles in length, and from two to four miles in width, lying between Kennebec river, on the east, and New Meadows, or Stevens' river, on the west, and extending from Small Point, the eastern boundary of Casco bay, to the town of Bath on the north. It conIt consists the first governor under it. He arrived at Boston, as governor, in 1692 In 1694, in a dispute with the col lector of the port. Sir W'illiam so far forgot his dignity as to descend to blows. He was removed from office, and returned to England. Pie received assurance of being restored, but before that event happened he died, in 1695, aged 44. Phipsburgh has considerable trade and navigation. Ship building is pursued, and fishing is a source of profit. There is no better site for fishing establishments on the coast. It is a very pleasant town, and an agreeable location to court the sea breezes in summer. Picrmont, IS. H., Grafton co., is bounded N. by Haverhill. miles N. It is 65 N. W. from Concord. The soil, tains a U. S. fort, and Seguin and especially on the Connecticut, is Pond islands, on which are light good. The meadows, or intervales, houses. are extensive, and in some instanPhipsburgh was taken from the es highly cultivated. The meadancient town of Bristol, in 1816, ows are composed of sandy loam, and named in honor of Governor in some places inclined to marie, Phips, who was born in Bristol. and are favorable to the growth of Governor Phips lived in the wil- wheat, corn and every kind of grain. derness of Maine till he was eigh- Back from the river the town is teen years of age, and was then an made up of swells of fine giazing apprentice to a ship-carpenter four and mowing land, well watered with years. He went to Boston, and brooks and springs. In the N. E. learned to read and write. He chose part of the town are three considEastman's called erable ponds, to seek his fortune on the sea, and From these ponds issues had the good luck to discover the ponds. wreck of a very valuable Spanish Eastman's brook, which, passing in vessel on the coast of Hispaniola, a S. E. direction, falls into Connecand by the aid of the British gov- ticut river, forming a number of ernment succeeded in tishing up excellent mill seats. Indian brook, plate, pearls and jewels, amounting on which mills are erected, is in the in value to three hundred thousand S. part. The settlement commencPopulation, in 1830, pounds sterling, with which he ed in 1770. in 1687. He obenterprise sixteen thousand pounds, and the honor of sailed to England tained by knighthood. his He returned to Bos- 1690, and commanded the expedition against Port Royal, which place he captured. When the new charter of Massachusetts was obtained he was appointed ton in 1,042. Pilot Mountain, N. H. See Killienny. Piscataqna River, X. H. The only large course is in whose entire Hampshire, is river New formed by the junction of several �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. small streams in a wide and deep bed hollowed out partly by them, and partly by the tide. The names of these streams, beginning at the northeast, are Salmon Fall, Coeheco, Bellamy bank, Oyster, Lamprey, Squamscnt, and Winnicut rivers. ; The live last unite their waters in a large and irregular bay between Durham and Greenland, more resembling a lake than a river. The waters of this bay meet those of Salmon Fall and Cocheco rivers, " That from and day of April next, after the last that portion of territory lying north of the south lines of Parkman and Wellington, in the county of Somerset, and lying north of the north lines of the towns of Dexter, Garland, Charleston, Bradford, and south line of Kilmarnock, in the county of Penobscot; and bounded east by the east lines of all and join the ocean 2 or 3 miles below Portsmouth; embosoming several islands, and forming one of the best harbors on the continent. Milton, Kilmarnock and townships four in the eighth and ninth ranges; and thence bounded east by a line running north from the northeast corner of said township numbered four, in the ninth range, to the north line of the state ; and bounded on the west by the west lines of Wellington, Kingsbury, Shirley, and township number two in the iifth range and thence Few bounded west coming from the northwest at Hilton's point, a few miles below DoAfter ver. ceed east this junction, in a direct they pro- line to the south- ; rivers make a more magnifi- cent appearance than this ; yet the streams by which it is supplied are small. Salmon Fall furnishes more than all the rest. This stream is JVewicliawannock fi'om the Berwick till it receives the waters of the Cocheco but the name of Piscataqua ought to be applied to the whole of Salmon Fall called falls in ; river. Piscataquis Kivei', Me. numbered ; by a line running north from the northwest corner of said township number two, to the Kennebec river; thence up and by the southerly bank of said river to Moose Head lake thence bounded westerly by the westerly margin of said lake, to the northwest angle of said lake and thence bounded west by a line running north, to the north line of the state be and the same is hereby constituted and made a county by the nam.e of," &c. This county is therefore bounded N. W. and N. by the British possessions in Lower Canada, E. by the county of Penobscot, S. by the counties of Penobscot and Somer; — — •The head waters of this river are found in the high lands which separate the waters of Penobscot and Kennebec rivers. Its length is about 65 miles, passing in a course nearly set, and W. by Somerset county east. It has many tributaries, of There are numerous lakes and ponds which Sebec and Pleasant rivers, in the county, the largest of which and Seboois stream, from the north, are the Moose Head, Chesuncook are the largest. In its course it and Pemadumcook. The county is fertilizes large tracts of country, crossed by the Piscataquis, Penoband gives to the towns through scot and Walloomstook riveis, but which it passes a good hydraulic most of its excellent mill streams, power. of which there are many, rise within the county, from its own natural Piscataquis Cowiity, Me. -Dover, chief town. This county .vas incorporated, T^Iarcli 23, 1838. Its territory is thus described in the act of incorporation, to wit There are some considersources. able elevations, the largest of which is Katahdin Mountain. The character of the surface and soil of Piscataquis county is generally that of �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEEH Penobscot and Somerset counties, from which it was taken. Piscataqiiog River, N. H., formed of two principal branches, one from Francestown, the other from Henniker and Deering, which unite and form the main stream near Is It purthe W. line of Gofistown. sues a southeasterly course through Goffstown and the N. E. corner of Bedford, where it falls into Merri- mack Pittsfield, N. Merrimack co. PiscATAQuoG Village, on and near its mouth, is a thriving and pleasant village, situthis riv'er ate in the N. E. part of Bedford. A handsome bridge is constructed over the Piscataquog, in this village, 60 Since the Union feet in length. Canal commenced operation, the boating business to this place has been carried on with much success. On the S. side of the river, below this village, is a public landing place, extending fo the Merrimack, and from this place lumber of all descriptions from the circumjacent country, is conveyed down the river to market by rafts and boats to Newburyport,and through the ^liddlesex canal to Charlestown and Boston. The rise and present flourishing appearance of this village is owing in a great measure to the enterprise and industry of V/illiam Parker and Isaac Riddle, esquires, who were the lirst to commence in this the mercantile business place. Pittsfield, Me. Somerset co. This is a town of excellent soil, and a branch of Sebasticook river rises in the S. E. corner. The inhabitants are generally good and thriving farmers. Pittsfield was incorporated in 1819. Wheat crop, 1837, 4,869 bushels. 1837, 836. Population, 1830, 609 It lies 38 miles N. N. E. from Augusta, and 20 E. from Norridgewock. ; surface of Pittsfield is pleasantly varied, with a good soil. Suncock river passes through the town, affording good mill privileges. Catamount mountain stretches across the S. E. partot the town, from the summit of which delightful views are obtained. There are a number of ponds in the town ; west of which the magnetic-needle varies materially. Berry's pond is on the mountain it is half a mile in length, and is supplied by mountain springs. There is a neat and flourishing village in Pittsfield a large cotton mill, a scj'the factory, and an : river. H. The — ; academy. This town was first settled in 1784. Population, 1830, 1,271. It miles N. E. from Concord. is 16 Pittsfield, Vt. Rutland co. Tweed river is formed in this tov/n, by two branches, which afford mill seats: it empties into White river, which passes The through the N. E. corner. surface of the town is mountainous, and the soil hard. Pittsfield was Population, 1786. 35 miles S. S. W. from ]\Iontpelier, and 17 N. E. from first settled 1830, 505. in It lies Rutland. Pittsfield, Mass. Berkshire co. This large manufacturing and agricultural town, a mart of trade for a large section of country, lies 125 miles W. from Boston, 5 N. from Lenox, and 33 E. from Albany, N. Y. Population, The settlement of 1837, 3,575. this place, the Indian Pontoosuck^ It was in 1736. incorporated in 1761. It was a frontier town for some years, and garrisons were erected for the protection of the inhabitants against the in- was commenced The town is roads of the savages. finely watered by two branches of the Housatonick, which unite near There are in Pittsfield its centre. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. 6 woolen and 2 cotton mills, and manufactures of muskets, iron castings, tin ware, leather, hats, car- ant town, on the east side of Kennebec river, opposite to Gardiner; 7 miles S. by E. from Augusta. It riages, prunella hutton'5, chairs, is a flourishing town, of good soil, corn brooms, cabinet ware, &c. and has several ponds and mill streams, and a considerable business total amount, the year ending April 1,1S37, $68S,71(». The value of in the lumber trade. Incorporated, Population, 1837, 2,121.— 12,962 fleeces of wool sheared in 1779. the town the same year, was Wheat crop, same year, 2,231 bushPittsfield is one of the els. $19,443. pleasantest towns in New England Plaiiiiield, N. H., it lies 1,000 feet above the level of Sullivan co., lies on Connecticut the sea, in a fertile valley between It is 12 miles S. from Dartthe Taughkannick and Green moun- river. tain ranges. The village is well mouth college, and N. W. 55 from There is considerable located, and contains many beauti- Concord. valuable inteivale, on Connecticut ful buildings, which, with the fine scenery and well cultivated farms river, and in other parts are excelThere are two that surround it, presents a great lent meadows. At the S. W. part of this variety to charm the eye and to ponds. gratify the taste of the intelligent town, in CoTinecticut river, is Hart's : There are in Pittsfield a medical institution, a female academy, &c., which will be noticed in the Register. Rutland co. Otter creek meanthrough this very pleasant and floui-ishing town, nearly in its centre, and fertilizes a large part of its territory. Furness rivei- afrbrds the town good pi-iviieges, on which are large iron works and other manufactories. Iron ore of a very fine quality, and elastic marble, are abundant; also, the oxide of managricultural produc- tions are valuable. In 1837 there were in the town 12,363 sheep. A female child was born here in 17S4, who died at the age of 9 years, and weighed 200 pounds. Pittsford was first settled about the year 1770. It was a frontier Vengence town for a The remains ber of years. are still of visible. numFort This 44 miles S. W. from Montpelier, and 8 N. from Rutland. town lies Population, 1830, 2,005. Pittston, Me. Kennebec CO. stream, flowing from Croydon mountains, waters the town. Liituated dei-3 The A small Plainiield Pittsford, Vt. ganese. which contains 19 acres. Waterqueechy falls are in this town. A bridge was erected here in 1807. island, agriculturalist. Pittston is a pleas- has a pleasant village, on a handsome plain, centi-e of which the N. and S. On a pleasant eminence in Meriden parish is located " The Union Academy," incorporated June 16, 1313. It is endowed with a permanent fund of through the street passes ,1^40,000, the liberal bequest of the Hon. Daniel, interest of which, Kimball, the late directed applied as as his last will, is to be by fol- lows, viz !^150 annually to the support of a Calvinistic preacher, and the remainder for the instruction of pious young men for the : ministry. This seminary is in a flourishing condition. Plainiield was granted in 1761, and was settled Population, 1830, 1,581. in 1764. Plainiield, Washington co. "Vt. First settled, 1330, 874. It Population, 1794. lies 8 miles E. from Montpelier, and 21 from Nev/bury. At the junction of Onion river and Great brook, in this town, is a neat village with �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER some manufacturing operations by There is a mineral spring water. in the town of some note, and a tine The soil is geuenilly of trout pond. a good quality, and feeds about 3,000 sheep. Flainiield, Mass. Plaistow, N. II. Rockingham co. It lies 36 miles from Concord, and 30 S. W. from Portsmouth. Plaistow was orriginally a part of Haverhill, Mass., and included in the purchase of the S. S. E. Indians in 1642. Among the first were Capt. Charles Bartlett, Nicholas White, Esq., Dea. Benja- settlers Hampshire co. town This is elevated on the Green mountain range, at the N. W. corner of the county, and watered by the upper branches of Westfield river. Although the surface is rough and mountainous, 3et the soil is excellent for pasturage, and produces some In 1S37, the fleeces of fine cattle. 3,772 sheep, sheared in this town, were valued at $.5,379. There are min Kimball and J. Harriman. Their posterity now inhabit the town. After it became annexed to New Hampshire, a charter was granted in 1749. The soil of this town is good, being a mixture of black loam, clay and gravel. Population, in 1830, 591. Piatt River, Vt. 2 woolen mills, and manufactures of This small but good mill stream boots, shoes, leather, palm-leaf hats, rises in a pond in Richmond passtotal anchairs, cabinet ware, &c es through Hinesburgh, and a cornual value about $40,000. Plain- ner of Charlotte, and falls into field lies 110 miles W. by N. from Shelburne bay. Boston, and 20 N. W. from Northampton. Incorporated, 17S5. PopPleasant Rivers, Me. ulation, 1837, 865. Pleasant River, in Washington county, rises from a pond in BedPlaiiifield, Ct. dington, and passing in a N. E. diWindham CO. Mooseup river af- rection falls intoPleasant river hay, fords this town a good water power, which lies E. from Naraguagus bay, on which, in the pleasant villages of and is connected with that bay, at Unionville and Centreville, are its mouth. considerable manufactures of cotPleasant River, Piscataquis counThis town ton and woolen goods. mill stream a was incorporated in 1700 a part ty, is an important of the Piscataquis, from land is broken and stony, but tributary of the two It receives the the north. in the western section there is an branches, as they are callextensive plain, of a light sandy Ebeeme about 15 miles from its mouth, loam, noted for its adaptation to the ed, in Milo. growth of corn and other grain. ; ; ; : in olden times this plain was called the Egypt of the surrounding country. The village is on a commanding eminence, from which there is an extensive prospect, and in which is one of the best academies in the state ; incorporated in 1783. It lies 41 E. from Hartford, and 8 S. by E. from Brooklyn. Population, 1830, 2,290. 28 Plimi Island, Mass. See JVewhury. Plymcutli, Me. This is a fine Penobscot co. township of land, watered by beautiful ponds, and a valuable branch It lies 45 river. of Sebasticook miles N. E. from Augusta, and 23 W. from Bangor. Wheat crop, 1337, �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER, Population, same 4,530 bushels. Incorporated, 1828. year, 791. Plymoiitli, N. H., The half shire of Grafton county, 75 miles N. W. from Portsmouth, 31 S. E. from Haverhill, and 40 N. from Concord. This town is well watered. Besides numerous smaller streams, there are two rivers, Pemigewasset and Baker's, both ot which are of considerable importance. They take their rise in the heio-ht of land between the Connecticut and Merrimack, called the eastern ridge. Baker's river is 30 miles in length. The soil is tolerably good, and in general is well culis tivated. Holmes' academy is situ- ated in this town, and is a very flourishing school. Plymouth was granted in 176.3. The first settlement commenced in 1764. The intervales in this town were formerly the resort of Indians for hunting. At the mouth of Baker's river they had a settlement, where Indian graves, bones, &c., have been also found gun barrels, stone mortars, pestles, and other utensils. Here, it is said, the Indians were attacked by Capt. Baker and a party from Haverhill, Mass., who defeated them, killed a number and destroyed a large quantity of fur. From him, Baker's river derives its name. Population, in 1830, 1,175. : Plymoiitli, Vt. quite abrupt. The soil is generally good for grazing, and considerable products of the dairy are sent is market. Black and Plymouth lies 52 miles S. from Montpelier, and 15 W. by N. from Windsor. Population, 1830, 1,237. First settled, 1776. Plymoiitli Coujity, Mass. Ph/mouth, chief town. Queechy rivers take their rise here, and afford mill privileges. There are a number of natural ponds in the town, which furnish a great supply of trout and other fish. Among the lime stone rocks which abound in this town are numerous caves, some of which ars very large, and The soil New of this most ancient county in England, is not so productive as that of many others in Massachusetts; yet there is considerable good land within its limits. It has a great water power, which is more partic- ularly applied to the manufacture of iron ware, of all sorts, both wrought and cast. It has an abundant supply of iron ore, of a superior quality. This county has a sea coast on Massachusetts bay, of between 30 and 40 miles, and many ships are built in its numerous ports of native white oak. This county has considerable foreign commerce; but its shipping is principally engaged in the tishing business and coasting trade. It is bounded N. E. by Massachusetts bay, N. by Norfolk county, and Boston harbor, W. and N. W. by Norfolk county, S. W. by Bristol county, and S. E. by Buzzard's bay, and Barnstable county. Area, about 600 square miles. This county was incorporated in 1635. Population, 1320, 38,1.36; 1830,42,993; 1837,46,253. Population, to a square mile, 77. The North Windsor co. Two mountains in this town rise to a considerable elevation, one of which. Mount Tom, to Extensive beds of soapcurious. stone are found here. river, emptying into Massachusetts bay, and numerous branches of the Taunton, are its chief rivers. In 1837, there were in this county 11,410 sheep. The value of the manufactures, the year ending April 1, 1837, was $4,896,907.— The value of the fishery, during the same period, was ,$582,419. Plymoiitli, Mass. Plymouth Chief town. This it being the oldesi settlement by Europeans in New England, and the landing place is full co. of interest, �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. place of our forefathers on the 22d of December. 1620. Its Indian name was Fatuxet. Plymouth lies 35 miles S. E. by S. from Boston N. W. Ion. 70° 40' lat. 41° 57' 30". 45". Population, 1830, 4,334 1837, Incorporated, 1620. 5,034. "Plymouth was the first town built : ; New able fortitude, their undaunted resolution, their love to each other, their justice and humanity to the savages, and there freedom from all those stains which elsewhere spotted the character even of their com- panions in affliction, view them we cannot but as illustrious brothers, England by civilized man claiming the veneration and apand those by whom it was built plause of all their posterity. were interior in worth to no body The institutions, civil, literary, of men, whose names are recorded and religious, by which New Engin ; in history, during the last seventeen hundred years. kind ofvenerableness, arising from these facts, A attaches to this town, which may a prejudice. Still, it has its foundation in the nature of man, and will never be eradicated either by philosophy or ridicule. No Englander, who is willing to indulge his native feelings, can stand upon the rock, where our ancestors set the first foot after their arrival on the American shore, be termed New without experiencing emotions very which are exby any common object of the same nature. No New Englander could be willing to have that rock Let him buried and forgotten. reason as much, as coldly, and as ingeniously as he pleases, he v/ill different from those cited regard that spot with emotions wholly different from those which are excited by other places of e-qual We or even superior importance. cannot wish this trait in the human In a higher character obliterated. still where truth is universally as well as cordially embiaced, and virtue controls without a rival, this prejudice, if it must be called by that name, will become useless, and may, therefore, be But in our pressafely discarded. ent condition, every attachment, which is innocent, has its use, and contributes both to fix and to soften man. When we call to mind the history of their sufferings on both sides of the Atlantic, when we remember their pre-eminent patience, state of being, their unspotted piety, their immove- land is distinguished on this side the Atlantic, began here. Here the manner of holding lands in free soccage, nov/ universal in this country, commenced. Here the right of sufferage was imparted to every citizen, to every inhabitant not disqualified by poverty or vice. Here was formed the first establishment of towns, of the local legislature, which is called a town meeting, and executive, of the peculiar town Here the styled the selectmen. first parochial school was set up, and the system originated for communicating to every child in the community the knowledge of reading, wiiting, and arithmetic. Here, also, the first building was erected for the worship of God ; the first religious assembly gathered ; and the first minister called and settled, by the voice of the church and conOn these simple foundgregation. since been erected a ations has structure of good order, peace, lib- knowledge, morals and religwith which nothing on this side the Atlantic can bear a remote com- erty, ion, pai'ison." The land in this town is generally but there is a border of considerable extent on the sea board, having been well cul- hilly, and sandy tivated, soil, ; consisting of a rich loamy and capable of yielding large crops. The town is watered by Eel and Wonkinqua rivers. Town, Willingsly and Double brooks, and more than 200 ponds, the largest of which is called Billington ^Sea. " This �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. was formerly called Fresh Lake. singular rite, hut could only conwas discovered about the 1st of jecture that it was an acknowledgJanuary, 1621, by Francis Billing- ment of an invisible Being, the unwhile mounted on a tree known God whom this people worton, It was in the shipped. This pile was their altar. standing on a hill. midst of a thick forest, and when Burying Hill, formerly Fort It seen at a distance, Billington supposed it to be another sea. On the 8th of January, he went with one of the master's mates, to view the place. They found two lakes contiguous, separated by a narrow space; the largest is about six miles in circumference, and is the far famed Billington Sea. It is about two miles southwest from the town, and from it issues the Town brook. In this pond there are two small islands. The largest, containing about two acres, having been planted with apple-trees, produces excellent fruit. This pond is well stocked with pickerel and perch. The majestic eagle is frequently seen cowering over this pond, and has nest in the branches of the trees, visiting the flats in the harbor at low tide in pursuit of fish and birds. Loons, and the beaufor ages built its wood-duck produce their young sequestered retreats about this pond, annually. The fallow deer, tenacious of their ancient place of rendezvous, continue to visit this pond for drink, and to hrowse on its margin. For many years this beautiful pond was tiful in a favorite resort for social parties. house was erected on the bank, a pleasure-boat was in the pond, and tea-parties and tishing-parties united in the happiest enjoyments. There are on the road to Sandwich, in the woods, two rocks called Sacrifice rocks. They are covered with sticks and stones, which A have been accumulating ries. It for centu- was the constant practice among the aboriginals, to throw a stone, or stick on the rock in passing. The late Rev. Mr. Hawley, who spent many years among the natives atMarshpee, endeavored to learn from them the desigrnof this Immediately in the rear of the town is a hill, rising 165 feet above the sealevel, embracing about eight acres. On the summit of the southwest side, the pilgrims erected first some temporary defence, hut, in 1675, on the approach of Philip's war they erected a strong fort, 100 feet square, strongly palisadoed, ten and a half feet high. No other place could have been so well chosen, either for discovering the approach of savages, or for defending the town against their attacks. The settlement was rendered perfectly secure, and springs of water were at their command. The whole circuit of the fort is still distinctly visible, a watch-house of brick was also built near the fort. The view presented from this eminence, embracing the harbor and the shores of the bay for miles around, is not, perhaps, inferior to any in the country. Let the antiquarian come at full tide and when the billows are calmed, and seat Hill. himself on this mount, that he may survey the incomparable landscape, and enjoy the interesting associations with which he will be inspired. Immediately beneath the hill lies the town in full view, and beyond this the harbor and shipping. The harbor is a beautiful expanse of water, bounded on the S. by Manomet point, and near which commences a beach three miles in length, breasting the rolling billows of the bay, and serving as a barrier to the wharves ; and on the N. E. by a promontory extending from Marshfield, called the Gurnet, on the point of which stands the lighthouse. These several points, together with the opposite shores, compietely enclose the harbor, having �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. and Saquish in its points opens the great bay of Massachusetts, bounded at the southern extremity by the peninsula of Cape Cod, which is distinctly visible, and spreading boundless to the northClark's Island bosom. Beyond these On the N. appears the flourishing village of Duxbury, shooting into the bay, and exhibiting a handsome conical hill, ever to be remembered as once the property and residence of the gallant Standish. east. Between Duxbury and Plymouth, the harbor and pleasant village Having taken a surof Kingston. vey of this magnificent group, so exceedingly endeared to the England antiquarian, and enjoyed a spiritual vision of the Mayflower, is There are in Plymouth 3 cotton mills, 3 nail factories, and manufactures of vessels, cordage, boots, shoes, leather, hats, straw bonnets, chairs, tin and cabinet wares the value of which for the year ending April 1,1837, was $508,932. During that year there were 4 vessels engaged in the whale fishery, 45 in the cod and mackerel fishery, and a large number of vessels employed in the merchant service and coasting trade. Tonnage of the district, The product in 1337, 26,635 tons. of the fishery, the same year, was : $154,636. The corner New Hall laden with men, women and children, come as founders of a mighty empire, we are next led to view a scene of more solemn contemplaThe whole extent of the hill tion. is covered with the symbols of mortality, the sepulchres of our venerWe tread on the ashated fathers. some of those to whom we are indebted, under Providence, for our most precious earthly enjoyments, all that is valuable in life, much of principle and example which are With what soconsoling in death. licitude do we search for a sepulchral stone bearing the names of Carver, Bradford, and their glorious es of associates. The cient following monuments are the most an- which traced within this enclosure can be : body of Edward Gray, Gent., aged about lifty-two years, and deoarted tliis life the last of June, Here lies the 1681. Here lyes ye body of ye Honorable Major William Bradford, who expired February ye 20, He 1703-4., aged 79 years. lived long, but still was doing good, And in his country's semce lost much blood. After a life well spent he's now at rest His very name and memory is blest. 28* — Ist of fice is was stone Pilgrim of laid in this town on the September, 1824. This edi70 by 40 feet, with walls of unwrought split granite the height from the top of the foundation to the eave cornice being about 33 The lowfeet, forms two stories. er room is about 10 feet in the clear and the upper to of the ceiling the impost moulding about 20 feet, to which being added the curve of It is the ceiling is about 23 feet. ; ; intended, as soon as the state of the funds will justify, to form the front by an addition of about 20 feet, with a double tier of steps, having entrance to the upper room and by descent to the lower. The front to be finished with a Doric portico on 4 columns, of about 20 feet in height, the base of which to be from 3 to 4 feet above the level of the The situation presents a street. full view of the river and outer harbor. An Anniversary Commemora- tion of the landing of the pilgrims commenced in Plymouth on the 22d of December, 1769, and will, we U-aai, be continued in Pilgrim Hall, so long as the virtues, unparalleled sufferings, and the conscientious performance of the duties of piety and benevolence of our pil- grim fathers are held in veneration See Regby a grateful posterity. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. and Thachers History of 26 N. from Portland. Incorporated, Population, 1837, 2,251.— Wheat crop, same year, 3,965 bushPlymoutli, Ct. els. This is an excellent farming Li chfield co. Plymouth lies 22 town with good mill privileges, sevmiles W. S. W. from Hartford, 31 eral ponds, and a pleasant village. N. by W. from Haven, and family consisting of about 70 12 S. E. from Litchfield. Taken of that curious people denominafrom Waterbury in 1795. Popula- ted " Shakers," reside in Poland. tion, 1830, 2,064. The surface of They possess about 600 acres of the town is rough and hilly, with a choice land. They are attached to strong, gravelly soil, well adapted the society at New Gloucester, for grazing. The Naugatuck affords about a mile distant. Their village an ample v/ater power, which is is on a beautiful eminence. To improved for the manufactui-e of say that their village is neat and cotton goods, clocks, &.c. handsome, and that their lands and The manufacture of small wood- gardens are well improved, would en clocks, it is believed, originated be superfluous. See Canterbury, with Mr. Terry, of this town, about JV.H. 20 years ago ; since that period, the Pomfret, Vt. manufacture of wooden clocks has been widely extended, and forms a Windsor co. First settled, 1770. very important branch of the man- Population, 1830, 1,867. Pomfret ufactures in this part of the state. lies 45 miles N. by E. from Montpelier and 20 N. N. W. from WindPlyiKiytoii, Mass. sor. The town is watered by W^hite Plymouth co. This town is wa- and Queechy rivers. The surface tered by a branch of Taunton river. is hilly, but the soil is generally It lies 32 miles S. E. by S. from good, particularly for grazing it Boston, and 8 W. from Plymouth. pastures about SOOO sheep. PomIncorporated, 1707. Population, fret contains a mineral substance, 1837, 835. The manufactures of said to prove a good substitute for the town consist of cotton and wool- paint. en goods, nails, shovels, spades, PomiVet, Ct. hoes, forks, hoop rivets, shoes, leather, palm-leaf hats, chairs and cabiWindham co. Pomfret was first net ware ; annual amount about settled in 1686. Incorporated, 1713. $100,000. The Indian name of Its Indian name was Masliamoquet. Plympton was JVanatuxet. The surface of the town is pleasantly noble white oak was cut in this diversified by hills and valleys from town a few years ago. It contain- some of the elevations, delightful ed seven tons and seven feet of ship views are obtained. The soil is timber, and two cords of firewood. deep, strong and fertile, and, although somewhat stony, is very Poge, Cape, Mass. productive, and exceedingly well This cape forms the northern ex- adapted for grazing. consideratremity of Cliappequiddic island, a ble amount of the productions of the part of Dukes county. The dairy are sent to market. Quinnebaug and several of its Poland, Me. branches water the town, and flourCumberland co. Poland is situ- ishing manufacturing establishated on Little Androscoggin river, ments of cotton and other materials 6 miles above Lewiston falls. It is are springing up within its borders 44 miles S. W. from Augusta, and Pomfret lies 40 miles E. by N. from isfer, Plymouth. 1795. New A : A : A — �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. N. from Brooklyn and from Providence, R. I. Population, 1880,1,981. Pomfret contains the ''Wolf Den," celebrated for the bold exploit of and terrible appearher eyes, snapping her teeth, and dropping her head between her legs, was evidently in the attitude and on the who resided died at Brooklyn, in this state, in 1790. The aperture to this den or cave, which is situated under a high ledge of rocks, is about two feet square. It is about forty feet in length, narrow, of uneven surface, and in no part of it can a man stand upright. point of springing at him. At this critical instant he leveled and fired at her head. Stunned by the shock, and sufibcated with the smoke, he Hartford, 7 30 W. the gallant Putnam, here some years. He The sides of this cave are of smooth rock, which appear to have been rent asundf^r by an earthquake. After making the necessary preparations for his venturous expedition, Putnam entered the den, and " having groped his passage in the horizontal part of it, the most terrifying darkness appeared in front of the dim circle of light afforded by his torch. It was silent as the house of death. None but monsters of the desert had ever before explored this solitary mansion of horror. He cautiously proceeding onward came to the ascent ; which he slowly mounted on his hands and knees until he discovered the glaring eye-balls of the wolf, who was sitting at the ern. extremity of the cav- Started at the sight of tire, she gnashed her teeth, and gave a sudden growl. As soon as he had made the necessary discovery, he kicked the rope as a signal for pulThe people at the ling him out. mouth of the den, who had listened with painful anxiety, hearing the growl of the wolf, and supposing their friend to be in the most imminent danger, drew him forth with such celerity that his shirt was stripped over his head and his skin severely lacerated. After he had adjusted his clothes, and loaded his gun with nine buck-shot, holding a torch in one hand and the musket in the other, he descended the second time. When he drew nearer than before, the wcif assuming a still more fierce ance, howling, rolling immediately found himself drawn out of the cave. But having refreshed himself, and permitted the smoke to dissipate, he went down the third time. Once more he came in sight of the wolf, who appearing very passive, he applied the torch to her nose, and perceiving her dead, he took hold of her ears, and then kicking the rope, (still round his legs,) the people above, with no small exultation, dragged them both out together." Poplin, N. H., co., is 24 miles W. from Portsmouth, and 33 S. S. E. from Concord. There is a small pond in the N. part of the town called Loon pond and the town is watered by Squamscot, or Exeter riv- Rockingham W. S. ; several small streams. generally of a good quality, and the surface of the town is not broken by high hills. Poplin was incorporated, in 1764. The iner, beside The soil is habitants are ous farmers. principally industriPopulation, in 1830, 429. Porpoise, Cape, Me. This cape lies in the county of York, and forms the N. E. boundary of Kennebunk Harbor. N. lat. 43° 22', W. Ion. 70° 23'. Porter, Me. Porter is bounded W. Hampshire, and Ossipee river separates it fiom the county Oxford by CO. New of York. It lies from Augusta, 42 Portland, and 37 S. 99 miles S. W. W. N. W. from W. from Pans. Population, 1837, 1,087. rated, 1807. Incorpo- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Portland, f owned Sle. Chief town, Cumberland This eo. beautiful city lies upon a peninsula at the western extremity of Casco hay ; its length is three miles from east to west, and the average width ia three quarters of a mile ; containing about two thousand two hundred acres of land. The settlement of this neck of land was commenced as early as 1()32, by two individuals from England, George Cleaves and Richard Tucker, who purchased the whole tract in 1637, of Gorges, the proprietor. For the 40 years the settlement made progress, and it was entirely destroyed in the Indian war of 1675. In 16S0, it vv'as revived under more favorable auspices, the government of Massachusetts having some years previous to that time extended her sovereignty over first but little this part of Maine. It had scarcely begun to gather the fruits of prosperity, before it was again doomed to a second entire overthrow in 1690, by the remorseless enemy, who spared neither dwellings nor their inhabitants. The territory lay waste after this, until about 1715, when a new attempt was made, and the foundations of the present city abroad. were laid. The inhabitants in the early period of the settlement, suffered much from the privations which awaited them in this their remote wilderness. The Indians v/ere still hanging about them in an unquiet state, and occasionally visiting them with rapine and blood. After supplying the first necessiof their condition, the people turned their attention to tJie lumber business, the materials and the facilities of which, weie abundant ties about them. In about 20 years from the re-settlement, it became the principal port on the coast from "which the English navy was supplied with masts and spars. They were transported in large ships Manufactured lum- the West Indies and to the colonies on the continent. At the commencement of the revolutionary war, there were owned in Portland, 2,555 tons of shipping. The population was about 1,900, occupying 230 houses there were two religious societies, one congregational, the other episcopalian, and the place was marked by enterprise and prosperity. But it was destined a third time to be prostrated by the ravages of v/ar. In 1775 it was bombarded by a British ileet, by which catastrophe 138 of \^i\e. principal houses were destroyed, together with a new court house, the episcopal church, and the town house, to the loss of the inhabitants of over £54,000. Froni the close of the revolutionary war, to the year 1307, the growth of the town was almost unexampled. The amount of tonnage, which in 1789 was but 5,000 tons, had increased in 1S07 to 39,000, and the amount received for duties had ber was sent to : advanced from $3,000 to $346,000. During the restrictions and war, the town suffered severely. It had been sustained principally by foreign commerce, which those disastrous times wholly prostrated. After the peace of 1815, the old channels of trade were revisited, and new ones opened with still increasing success. Portland probably enioJ^s a larger commerce with the West Indies, than any other port in the union. In 1830, the quantity of shipping was 43,071 tons; in 1832, there were owned in this port 412 vessels, employing 2,700 seamen in 1834 ; the tonnage of vessels belonging to the port was 51,433 tons, and in There arrived 1837, 53,081 tons. in one year 484 vessels exclusive of coastwise arrivals from ports north of Cape Cod, of which 163 were from foreign ports, and 321 were The importations were coastwise. as follows, molasses, 30,425 hhds flour, 65,471 barrels; corn, 76,118 . �NEW ENGLAND bushels; 2-1,267 salt, hhds ; coal, The 1,75S tons, &c. principal exports are lumber, fish, beef, pork, ashes, hay, potapot and pearl toes, &,c. The population has advanced in in 1790 it was 2,ratio 2i0; 1800,3,704; 1810,7,169; 1S20, 8,521; 1830,12,601; 1834,13,289; and in 1837, 15,637, exclusive of a similar ; foreigners. Poi-tland was connected with Falmouth until 1786, and commonly went by the name of Falmouth Neck. In that year it was incorporated and received its present name. In 1S32 a charter for a city was obtained, and a government, consisting of a mayor, seven aldermen and twenty-one common council men was duly organized under it in GAZETTEER. observatory about 70 feet in height, commanding a delightful view of the city, the harbor, the islands in Casco bay and, extending northwest to the elevated peaks of the White mountains. ; The easy, safe, access to Portland by sea is spacious its harbor and and rarely obstructed by ice. It has a water communication with the country to a distance of nearly 50 miles, by the Cumberland and Oxford Canal, which was finished in 1830 ; and it is the nearest seaboard market for the rich and beautiful country on the upper waters of Connecticut river, through the Franconiaand White mountain passes; and with the White mountains over a level road to Lancaster in N. H. The April, of the same year. There are in the city 16 houses of pubhc worship, many of which There is also in are very elegant. the city a beautiful court house, a spacious city hall, and a substantial An athenaeum was stone jail. founded here in 1826, embracino; a large reading room and library the library at this time contains between 3,000 and 4,000 volumes of well se- rail-road from Boston will soon reach this place, and a rail-road from Portland to the upper waters of the Connecticut is in contempla- lected books. The public press is as flourishing in Portland as in other parts of the habitants. ; There were pubUnited States. lished in that city, in 1837,3 daily papers, 2 tri-weekly, 1 semi-weekly and 12 weekly, embracing all the subjects of politics, literature, agriculture, religion and morals. Portland is 110 miles N. N. E. from Boston, 54 S. W. from Augusta, and 554 from Washington. Lat. 43° 39' 26" N., Ion. 70° 20' 30" W. pleasantly situated between Fore or Casco river, and Back cove. The location is calculated to exhibvery favorably on apit the city proaching it from the sea, as the It is buildings rise between two hills in On the form of an amphitheatre. the site of old fort Sumner is an tion. There are numerous resources in the interior not yet brought into activity, which will give to this place continually increasing importance, and reward the exertions of its intelligent and enterprising in- Portsiuoutli, N. H., Rockingham co., is the principal in the state, and the only seaIt is situaport which it contains. ted in N. lat. 43° 4' 54", W. Ion. town 70° 45'. Portsmouth is built on a beautiful peninsula, on the south side of the river; and, as seen from the towers of tbe steeples, the river, harbor, points, islands and adjacent country, presents a delightful assemblage of objects. In many town are beautiful gardens. It was settled under the ausGorges pices of Sir Feriinando and Capt. John Mason, in 1623, and was incorporated by charter in 1633. That part of it which lies round Church hill, extending N. and W., was originally called Strawberry parts of the �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. The first house of which we have any account, erected in what is now the compact part of the town, was built by Humphrey Bank. Chadbourne, and according to trastood near the corner of Court and Pond streets. It was called the " Great house," and is dition, frequently referred to in early hisWithin the memory of the present generation, a garrison house stood in Water street, another in Fore street, and a third at the Ferry-ways. These were probably the principal houses on " the Bank." tories. The tirst meeting house stood on Pleasant street. Except the garrison houses above mentioned, the earliest settlements were probably on the south road. From the peculiar advantages of its situation, Portsmouth appears almost wholly to have escaped the ravages of the Indians. Secured on three sides by the Piscataqua, the ocean, and an inlet, it was accessible to the savages only by the isthmus which connects it with the main and ; across that a stockade fence was ex- The settle- tended for ments were defence. compact, and the number of inhabitants at an early In 1822, the date considerable. wealthy and enterprising citizens of this town connected Portsmouth with Kittery, in Maine, by two bridges, one 4S0 feet in length, supported by 20 piers; the other 1750 feet, supported by 70 piers. Under the long bridge, for 900 feet, the water varies from 45 to 53 feet in depth at low water. The draw is 133G feet from the island, and the water is 21 feet deep at low tide. This bridge greatly increases and facilitates the travel from Portland and its vicinity to this town and Boston. The town is also connected with New Castle by abridge The streets, though built in 1821. not laid out with much regularity, are neat and pleasant, and contain also many beautiful buildings. raouih Aqueduct COiiipany was Portsin- corporated 1797, and commenced operations in 1799. Water of excellent quality is brought from a fountain about 3 miles distant, and conducted into all the principal its Portsmouth pier, 340 feet and about 60 feet wide, was incorporated 1795. Portsmouth streets. in length, Athenaeum was incorporated, 1817, and has a library of about 5,000 volumes and cabinets of mineralogy, natural history, &c. The ; is rapidly increasing in value. The people of this town were at an early period friendly to literaand their institutions for ture, learning are highly respectable. Portsmouth is the centre of a considerable trade directed b}'^ wealthy and enterprising citizens. The Piscataqua, as it passes this town, is from 1-2 to 3-4 of a mile wide ; and although the current is so swift as to prevent the river from freezing, yet it forms one of the most secure and commodious harbors in the United States, into which ships of any size or burthen may enter with perfect safety. It is protected by nature from the ravages of the N. E. storms, and can very easily be rendered inaccessible to enemies. The main entrance to the harbor, which is well protected by forts, is Castle on the N. E., between and Kittery ; the other entrance, Castle, is called on the S. of Little Harbor, where the water is shoal, and the bottom sandy. At this place, in the spring of 1623, the first settlers of this state made their landing, and in the same year commenced settlements here and institution New New at Dover. About one mile below the town the navigation what is by rendered some- rapidity of the main body of the river being forced through a channel only about 45 rods wide. There are in the harbor a number of islands, the most considerable of which is Great island. The others are Continental island, oa which is difficult the current ; the �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Navy yard, one of the safest and most convenient on the coast; which the Badger's island, on J\'^orth America, (the first Une of battleship launched in the western hemisphere) was built during the revolutionary war. Few town's in New England have suffered so much from lircs as PortsOn Dec. 26, 1S02, 102 mouth. Dec. 24, buildings were burnt. the 1806, 14 buildings, including St. destroyed. John's church, were But the most calamitous fire broke out Dec. 22, 1813, when 397 buildings were burnt, of which more than 100 were dwelling houses. The ravages extended over about 15 acres. The United States navy yard is admirably located for its object. There are at present three ship houses in the yard, in which are a 74 and a 40 gun ship. One of the houses is 240 feet long and 131 feet the roof is covered with yvide In this building 1.30 tons of slate. the keel of the frigate Congress was laid in 1837. The g,overnment of the U. S. has been liberal in its : — appropriations for this excellent naval depot, at which a dry dock Portswill soon be constructed. mouth has ever been celebrated for compared with some othe? commercial places. Portsmouth lies 45 miles E. S. E, from Concord, 56 N. E. from Bos ton, and 54 S. W. from Portland. streets, Population, 8,082. The 1830, 7,327; 1820, present population is The rail-road from about 9,000. Boston to Maine will probably pass through this town. The proximity of Portsmouth to the ocean, its neatness, quietude and beauty, render it an agreeable residence, and a fashionable resort in the summer. Amongthe citizens of Portsmouth distinguished for their talents or public services, we may mention William Vaughajv, the original projector of the expedition against Louisboura:, was born at Portsmouth, Sept. 12, 1703, and died in London, in Dec. 1746. John Wentworth, the first governor of that name in N. H. He died Dec. 12, 1730, aged 59. Beivning Wentworth, who died Oct. 14, 1770, aged 75. Dr. Joshua Brackett, a dis tinguished physician and founder of the N. H. Medical Society, died July 17, 1802, aged 69. lion. Samuel Hale, a native of Newbury, Mass., who for more than 30 years, taught a public school He died July 10, in Portsmouth. white oak timber and its 1807, aged 89. naval architects. Rev. Samuel Haven, D. D. Ship building for the merchant Mass. at Framingham, service is extensively pursued, and was born Portsmouth flourish. There Aug. 4, 1727 settled at other manufactures 1752 ; received the degree of are 35 ships belonging to this port in of Edinengaged in the freighting D. D. from the University regularly cod burgh in 1772 and died March 3, b-'^siness; 100 vessels in the He was eminently 79. and mackerel fisheries, 52 in the 1806, aged in the West India useful. coasting trade, 3 Dr. Ammi R. Cutter, was born and 1 employed in whal- its fine ; ; business, ing. boys The of men and navigation, in tonnage of the number employed in The 1837, was 750. district, the same year, was 25,114 As much of the capital of tons. this wealthy town is employed abroad, and much of the inland trade passes on the river, there is but iittle show of business in the at North Yarmouth, Me. in March For 60 years he was an em1735. inent practitioner, and during life a He firm supporter of his country. died Dec. 8, 1820, aged 86. Hon. John Pickering, LL. D., was a native of Newington. He was appointed chief justice oi the superior court in 1790, and conrin- �NEW ENGLAND ued in office He was five years. afterwards district judge of the U. S., and died April 1 1,^1805, aged Hon. John Lajvgdon, LL.D. 67. was born at Portsmjutli in V7A0. In 1735 he was chosen president of He was elected to the sains office in 1788, and after the adoption of the constitution was governor six years. He ever discharged the duties of the offices to which he was elected faithfully and acceptably. Unlike many elevated to office, he remembered that the people clothed him with authorthe state. and his only study was ity, them honestly and to Woodbury Hon. Richard Evans was Portsmouth, May 13, 1777. died July 18, 1816, aged 39. at He Jonathan M. Sewall., Esq., co.insellor at law, and a respectable poet, was born at Salem, Mas^,., in 1748, and died at Portsmouth, March 29, ISOS. Rev. Joseph Buckminster, D. D. a native of Rutland, Mass., settled at Portsmouth,1779, and died aiReedsborough,Vt. June 10, 1812, aged 61. Dr. B. was a distinguished scholar and an eminent divine. Portsinoutli, R. Newport co. The I. soil of this town, in coaimon with all the lands on the island of R. I., is uncommonly fertile, well cultivated and productive. It is bounded N. by Mount Hope bay, E. by the Seaconnet passage from the sea to said bay, S. by the ocean, and W. by Middletown. The maritime situation of the town affords the people great facilities for the fisheries, which, v/ith a fine soil, and industry, give them a great degree of independence. A number one called are attached to this town, of which the beautiful and fertile Prudence the largest. It is six miles in length, and about three quarters of a mile average island of A Poiiltiiey, Vt. CO. The surface of this pleasantly diversified ; the soil is warm and productive, particularly on the borders of the river. First settled, 1771. Population, 1830, There are two flourishing 1,909. villages in the town, and manufactures of various sorts. The productions of the soil are considerable, and 12,000 sheep are kept. It lies 60 miles S. W. from Montpelier, and 13 S. W. from Rutland. Poultney river, rising in the high lands near Middletown, and emptying into East bay, an arm of Champlain lake, is about 25 miles in length, and in its course affords numerous valuable mill sites. This stream changed its course in 1783, by cutting a channel of 100 feet in depth through a ridge of land near the bay, and destroying the navigation of the bay for a time, by nearly filling it with earth. This obstruction has been removed. Rutland La.ivgdon, a firm patriot and useful citizen. born A He died Sept. IS, 1819, aged 791 Hon. width. In this town are the Rhode Island coal mines, which are not worked at the present time. fine bed of plumbago has recently been discovered. Portsmouth furnishes considerable quantities of wool, hay, grain, vegetables, and productions of the dairy. In 1837 there were 16,000 sheep in the town. Population, 1830, 1,727. Portsmouth lies 6 miles N. N. E. from Newport. stone bridge, 1,000 feet in length, connects it with Tiverton. It received its charter from Charles II., in loG3. serve faithfully. GAZETTEER. town is Po^vnal, Me, Cumberland This is a small and bounded N. by Durham. It lies 35 miles S. W. from Augusta, and 19 N. from PortIncorporated, 1808. Populaland. town, of good tion, 1837, co. soil, 1,232. Pownal, Vt. is Bennington 1761. co. First Population, in 1830 settled, 1,835. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. lies 30 miles W. by S. from Brattleborough, and 8 S. from Bennington. The surface is broken and hilly, but the soil is strong- and remarkably well adapted for grass, producing all the varieties of the dairy in great abundance and of an exThe number of cellent quality. sheep kept in this town is about Pownal 8,000. Pownal watered by Hoo- is sack and Walloomsac rivers, which produce a good water power. The village is very pleasant. PoAvow River. Powow river has its and Amesbury. this river There are several ; inhabitants are employed in navigation, and considerable ship timber is taken from there down the river. Preston City lies in the eastern part of the town, 5 miles E. from Poquetannuck, and 6 E. from Norwich. Near this village is "Amos lake," a handsome sheet of water, and a place of resort for parties of pleasure. principal source in Great and Country ponds in Kingston, N. H., and passes over the S. W. part of East Kingston inthence into to South Hampton ; Amesbury, Mass., where it turns E. into South Hampton again, and returns into Amesbury, falling into the Merrimack between Salisbury falls in 1,935. Poquetannuck, an ancient village, lies partly in Preston and It has a water partly in Ledyard. power, and small vessels pass within Many of the a short distance of it. those in Ames- bury being the most remarkable, the water falling 100 feet in the distance of 50 rods, and presenting, with the variety of machinery and dams, houses and scenery on the falls, one of the most interesting views in the country. Presuiiipscxit River, Me. is the outlet of Sebago lake. passes through parts of Gorham This It and Westbrook, and falls into Casco bay at Falmouth, 6 miles N. from Portland. Princeton, Me. Washington 1837, 207. Population, in East." co. See "Down Princeton, Mass. This town, the co. JVachusett, is pleasantly situated at the base of the mountain of that name, 45 miles W. by N. from Boston, and 16 N. by W. from Worcester. Incorporated, 1758. Prcscott, Mass. This is a Population, 1837, 1,267. Hampshire co. The surface of township of good land, and produces The considerable quantities of beef, this town is rough and hilly. It is watered principal manufacture consists of butter, cheese, &c. palm-leaf hats, of which about by a branch of the Nashua, and has The some manufactures. V*'achusett is 50,000 are annually made. 2,990 feet in height it is the highsoil is better for grazing than tillage. Prescott lies 76 miles \V. from Eos- est land in the county, and presents ton, and 16 N. E. from Northamp- a landscape exceedingly variegated Taken from Pelham in 1S22. and beautiful. It is a place much ton. frequented in summer months. Population, 1837, 788. The manufactures of the town Pi'estoii, Ct. consist of shoes, leather, palm-leaf New London co. This is an ir- hats, chairs, and cabinet ware anregular, uneven, rocky town, of a nual amount, about ^50,000. pretty good soil for corn and grazing. Prospect, Me. It is bounded W. and N. by the Thames and Quinnebaug rivers 44 Waldo CO. This is a beautiful First town, of good soil, on the w^est side miles E. S. E. from Hartford. Population, 1830, of Penobscot river. It is bounded settled, 1686. Worcester Indian ; : : 29 �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. on the S. by Belfast bay 52 miles E. by N. from Augusta, 12 N. N. E. from Belfast, and 18 S. from Bangor. Prospect is very flourishing in its commercial and agricultural ; Population, 1830, 2,381 Incorporated, 1794. 1837, 3,198. Wheat crop, 1837, 4,416 bushels. pursuits. ; Prospieet, €t. New Haven co. This stony and mountainous town w^as taken from Cheshire and Waterbury,in 1827. Tt derived its name from its elevated situation. There is a pretty village in the town. The inhabitants are chiefly farmers. It lies 17 miles N. by W. from New ven. Population, 1830, 651. Some difficulty arose Ha- The commercial Pochasset, Wonasquatucket, and other streams, give those interests a constant operative power, the ticut, numerous beautiful villages erected on their borders testify that Providence county is one of the most important manufacturing districts in the new world. statistical account of the resources of this county, and of all the counties and towns in Rhode Island, is in preparation, and will appear in the Register. A in the con- gregational society in this town a few years since, in consequence of the minister and a number of the influential members of the church having adopted the sentiments of the Perfectionists. The stray sheep, however, soon returned to the fold again. See Religious Creeds and Statistics. Providence Comity, H. numerous villages and the city. interests of the county are important, but are principally confined to the flourishing city of Providence ; but the manufacturing interests, particularly of cotton, are extended throughout the county, and engrosses a large share of its entcrprize and capital. Wliile the Pawtucket, Pawtuxet, Mashanits I. Providence, chief town. This ancient and respectable county is boundedN.and E. by Massachusetts, S. by the county of Kent, and W. by Connecticut. It contains an area of 381 square miles. Population, 1820, 35,736; 1830,47,018. Population to a square mile, 124. The surface of the county is generally uneven ; some sections of it presents rugged features, but no part of it mountainous. The soil is various some portions of the county are alluvial, some calcareous loam, and some of sileceous sand ; but a strong gravelly loam generally is : prevails. More attention is paid to agiiculture in this county than formerly good crops of corn, barley and rye are obtained, and all the vai-ieties of the dairy, of fruits and vegetables are abundant for the supply of Providence, R. I. Chief town. Providence co. Roger Williams was the founder of this beautiful city. He was banished I'rom the Massachusetts colony for maintaining that all denoniinations of christians were equally entitled the protection of the civil magthat the church of England was no true church, and that a patent from the king conveyed no title to the soil. In 1636, Mr. Williams, accompanied by William Harris, John Smith, Joshua Virrin, Thomas Angell, and Francis Wickes, commenced a settlement and called it Providence regarding his preservation as a favorable interposition of heaven. Mr. Williams sustained the two-fold character of a minister of the gospel and governor of the colto istrate ; ; ony he formed a constitution on ; the broad principle of civil and religious liberty, and thus established the first Irec government on the continent of America. Mr. Williams was a man of learning, and set a bright example of that toleration which he demanded from oth- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. He was born in Wales, in 1599, and died in 1GS;3. Providence suffered great losses in king Philip's war, and during streets, delightful the revolutionary contest it furnished its full proportion of troops, and partook largely of the sufferings as well as of the glory of that struggle. On the 9th of June, 1772^ the kind's ship Gaspee was taken possession of and burned, and the com- views are obtain- bays. ers. ed of a great extent of country, of the city, the shipping in the river, and of Providence and Narraganset There are in Providence a large of handsome churches, and other public buildings. The Ar- number is one of the most beautiful It is sitbuildings in the country. uateu oi\ the we^t side of the river, cade mander, Lieutenant Duddingston, wounded with a musket ball, in the Only one of the persons enthigh. gaged in taking the Gaspee is now and fronts on two streets. It is built of stone, 222 feet in length, and 72 feet in width. The fronts are ornamented, each with six mas- Ephraim Bowen, of sive columns, 25 feet high, the shafts of which are single blocks, 22 feet in length. The lower part of this building is improved for dry goods shops, &.C. ; the upper stories It for offices, library rooms, &,c. was completed in 1828, and cost $130,000. The architecture of this living — Col, Providence. appears, tbat in that confirst blood was shed at Providence but the first .America?*. Thus test, it the ; blood and life was sacrificed at Lexington, Mass., on the 19th of April, 1775, and the first British life, on the same day, a few hours after, at Concoi-d, Massachusetts. Providence formerly comprised of a number of the present Its towns. limits contain an area of about nine square miles. It was incorporated as a town in 1649, and as a city in Population, in 1820, 11,767; 1831. The 1830, 16,832; 1836, 19,277. most compact part of the city is divided into two nearly equal parts, on both sides of Providence river, and are connected by wide and subThe two princistantial bridges. pal streets are long and irregular, and comprise the business portion of the city, with the exception of a long range of large and handsome brick ware houses on the east side The buildings in othof the river. er parts of the city are constructed with taste, and many of them in a On the style of superior elegance. east side of the river the land rises On this elevation are a abruptly. number of streets running parallel with the river, on the summit of which is located Brown University, From established here in 1770. the beautiful buildings on these the territory neighboring is exceedingly chaste. Providence has long been celebrated for the commercial spirit of its citizens, and for their large investments of capital in foreign commerce, particularly with India. It is still a flourishing mart of foreign trade ; the tonnage of the port, in building Much of 1837, was 17,526 tons. the capital of the city has, however, of late years, been diverted to the pursuit of domestic manufactures a pursuit probable of greater ; and no less patriotic. Besides the large capital employed by the citizens of Providence in manufacturing establishments without the city,the capital thus employed within it is very great. Those profit, manufactures consistof cotton goods, steam power,) machinery, (by steam engines, vessels, jewelry, copper, brass, iron and tin wares, glass, combs, oil, soap, candles, hats, leather, boots, shoes, and numerous About 4,000 of the other articles. people of Providence are engaged in these manufactures. The public schools in Providence The sum of are well sustained. about $10,000 is annually appropri- �NEW ENGLAND The number ated ^o this object. of scholars, in 1837, was 1626. high school has recently been established, and ^40,000 appropriated for the erection of new school housThe athenaeum library cones. tains 7,000 volumes. It was incorporated in 1836. See Register. A Providence is approached with great ease from almost every direction. The roads are generally excellent that to Pawtucket is unequalled by any in New England. : The Blackstone ing canal, after wind- course through a fertile and manufacturing country, from Worcester, Mass., terminates at tide water in the centre of the city. Steam boats, of superior construction and elegant accommodations, ply beits tween this city and New York, daily. Rail road cars between Boston and Stonington cross the lower part of the city several times a day, and steam boats and packets are continually passing to and from the several important towns on the shores of Narraganset and Mount Hope bays. Providence has frequently sustained heavy losses by fire, and once by water. In 1815, during the memorable gale of September 23d, the tide rose 12 feet higher than the common high tides, and spread ruin to the buildings, navigation, wharves and bridges in every direction. The loss sustained by this flood was estimated at a million and a half of dollars. Providence lies at the head of ship navigation on Providence river, the most northern waters of Narraganset bay ; 35 miles from the sea, 40 S. W. from Boston, 169 N. E. by E. from New York, and 396 N. E. from Washington. N. lat. 41° 49/ 32", W. Ion. 71° 24' 45". Proviiicetowii, Mass* A Barnstable co. noted fishing town on the extreme point of Cape Cod ; including Race point, which lies 3 miles N. W. from Province- GAZETTEER, town It comprises Cape Provincetown harbor, which opens on the S. This ocean harbor is very large, exceedingly easy of access, and has sutficient depth of water for the largest ships of war. This is the first harbor the "Mayflower" touched at on her village. Cod, or passage to Plymouth in 1620. An elaborate and highly interesting report of a survey of this harbor and the extremity of Cape Cod, by Major J. D. Graham, has recently been printed by order of congress. The accompanied by a showing the result of a long course of observations on the tide, which are not only curireport is series of tables, ous, but may be useful to those who are in a situation for pursuing their speculations on this subject, by comparing them with the results of similar observations in other places. The fullness and precision of these tables indicate the care and labor with which the work has been prosecuted. The result is of a nature to show the great importance of this position, both as a naval and commercial station. The value of Cape Cod harbor to our naval and mercantile marine in time of war is inappreciable. In possession of an enemy, it would afford facilities for annoying our commerce, without exposure to the gales that so often sweep along the coast. Fortified, and in the occu- pancy of a portion of our navy, it secure retreat, accessible at seasons, and sheltered from eve- offers a all ry storm. The soil of this town, in common with many others on Cape Cod, is very sandy; indeed, it may be said to possess no soil, for its vegetable qualities are very deficient. During the year ending April 1st, 1837, there were belonging to Provincetown, 2 vessels employed in the whale, and 98 in the cod and mackerel fishery, besides a large number in the freighting business. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER The value of fish and oil taken was $298,407. Hands employed, 1,113, During- that year 48,960 bushels of salt were made, employing 156 hands, the value of which was Provincetown lies 50 $18,360. miles N. E. from Barnstable, by land, and 50 E. S. E. from Boston, by water. Incorporated, 1727. Population, 1830, 1,710; 1837, 2,049. Piitixey, Vt. Windham co. This town is fine- ly located on the west side of Connecticut river,and embosoms a large tract of excellent intervale land, called the "Great Meadows. "There is also a good tract of intervale on Sacket's brook, a fine mill stream, with beautiful falls, on which are erected valuable mills for the manufacture of woolen goods, paper, and various other articles. Sacket's brook is a large and constant stream: it falls 150 feet in the course of 100 rods. Some of the mill sites are unoccupied. There are various mineral substances in the town, worthy of the notice of the geologist. The village is pleasant, and bears the marks of taste and prosperity. It lies 9 miles E. from Newfane, and 9 N. from Brattleborough. First settled, 1754. Population, 1830, 1,510. ceives two considerable branches, namely, north branch, which rises in the north part of this township from the north, and south branch, which rises in Plymouth, from the south, both considerable mill streams. In Woodstock it receives two other branches of considerable size ; one rising in the northeast corner of Bridgewater and southeast corner of Barnard, falls into Queechy river from the north just below the north village in Woodstock, or " Woodstock Green," the other rising in the soutii part of Woodstock, passes through both the villages in that town, and empties into it fiom the south just above the mouth of the last mentioned stream. Both these streams afford excellent mill seats. Queechy river in its course receives numerous other tributaries of less note. It is a clear and lively stream, with a gravel or stony bottom. This stream is about 35 miles in length, and waters about 212 square miles, Qiiincy, Mass. Norfolk CO. The territory of Qi.incy was a part of ancient Braintree, until 1792. It lies on Braintree or Quincy bay, in Boston harbor, and is bounded on the N. W. by Neponset river and the towa of Milton. It is 8 miles S. by E. from PiisliaAV Lake, Me. Boston, and 10 E. by S. from DedThis lake lies in the towns of ham. Population, 1820, 1,623; 1830, Orono, Button and Kirkland, Pe- 2,192; 1837, 3,049. nobscot county. It is about 8 miles The surface of the town is diverlong, and one mile wide. sified by hills, valleys and plains. It empties into Dead stream, which meets Back from the bay about 3 miles is the Penobscot at Orono. a range of elevated land, in some parts more than 600 feet above the Qriieecliy River, Vt., sea, containing an inexhaustible Sometimes called Waterqueechy, supply of granite. This is the rises in Sherburne, runs nearly east source of the " Quincy Granite," a to the south part of Bridgewater building material justly celebrated thence through Woodstock irto the in all our cities for its durability south part of Hartford, and thence and beauty. Vast quantities of southeast through the northeast cor- this admirable stone are annuallyner of Hartland into Connecticut quarried and wrought in this vicinriver, about two miles above Quee- ity by the most skillful workmen, chy falls. In Bridgewater it re- into all dimensions, both plain and ; 29* �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. ornamental ; and it is fortunate for ness and beauty. In this village is the public that the supply is abun- a stone church, designated the "AdThis building was dant, for the demand for it from va- ams Temple." rious parts of the United States is dedicated, 1S28, and cost $40,000. Within its walls is a beautiful marconstant and increasing. By means of a rail-road from these ble monument to the memory of the quarries to the tide waters of Ne- Hon. John Adams and his wife. About two miles east from the ponset river, and of a canal to the centre of the tov/n, this stone is village is Quinci/ Point, at the transported with great expedition junction of Town and Weymouth There are large Fore rivers. This is a delightful and little cost. quantities of slate stone near Ne- spot, and contains some handsome much of which is buildings. This point of land, with ponset river quarried. These slate quarries bear a peninsula near it called Gcrmantoum, are admirably located for indications of coal in their vicinity. In this town, between Quincy ship building, and for all the purand Dorchester bays, is a point of poses of navigation and the fishery. land called Squantum, celebrated Here is a line harbor, a bold shore as having been the residence of the and a beautiful country, v/ithin 10 famous Indian Sachem, C7i<'cA;a^aif- miles of the capital of New EngThis place is the Mos-'wctu- land. but. The manufactures of Quincy conset, " a few miles south of Boston," supposed by some to have origin- sist of stone, slate, vessels, salt, ated the name of the state. Squan- leather, boots, shoes, hats, coach tum is a rocky, romantic place, six lace, carriages, harnesses, bleached miles south of Boston, and a pleas- bees wax, &.c. Total value, the year ending April 1, lS37„f 470,222. ant resort for fishing and bathing. The soil of Quincy is generally During that period there were 10 of an excellent quality and under vessels engaged in the cod and good cultivation. There are large mackerel iisliery the product of Quincy is a tracts of salt meadow in the town, which was ^31,042. and many large and beautiful farms, place of considerable trade. Large which, in respect to soil and skillful quantities of lumber, bread stuffs, management, may vie with any in &c., are annually sold. The proximity of Quincy to Bosthe state. The .Mount TVallaston farm is ton, the excellent roads and bridgnoted as the site of an early settle- es connecting it with the city and ment (1623,) and as the Merry surrounding countr}^ the beauty of Mount of Thomas Morton and his the town, with the delightful scenassociates. This farm, with that of his ery around it, render it a desirable venerated father, now belong to the residence in summer, and a pleasHon. Mr. Adams, representative to ant home. Congress. The ancestral estate of Quincy was named in honor of the Quincy family comprises one Col. JoHiv QuiJYCY, a native of of the most beautiful and well cul- the place, who for forty successive New England. years was a member of the executivated farms in It is the property of Josiah Quintive council of the colony, and discy, LL. D., an eminent agricul- charged many other public trusts turist, and president of Harvard with zeal and fidelity. He died JuUniversity. ly 13, 1767, aged 78. The village, in the centre of the This has been the birth place town, is situated on an elevated and residence of some of the most plain, and is remarkable for its neatdistinguished sons of America. ; ; �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Hancock and Josiah Quincy, Jr., will live until the death of lib- native country, and in 1789 was elected first Vice President of the United States, which office he held erty. during the whole of Washington's The names of the patriots, John Two presidents of the United States, father and son, were natives John Adams, born of this place, October 19, 1735. John Quincy Adams, born July 11, 1767. The Mr. Adams graduated at Harvard University in 1755, and was distinguished for his diligence He studied law at and genius. Worcester, and was admitted to senior He commenced practice in 1758. the labors of his profession in Braintree, his native town, and soon obIn tained business and reputation. Adams married Miss AbSmith, a grand daugliter of Col. Quincy, a lady as distinguished for her accomplishments and virtues as for the elevated station in society which Providence had Mrs. Adams destined her to fill. died at Quincy, Dec. 28, 1818, aged In 1765, Mr. Adams removed 74. here he obtained an exto Boston 1764, Mr. igail ; tensive legal practice, and, refusing all offers of patronage from the British government, espoused the cause of his native country with an ardor peculiar to himself, firmly resolved to sink or swim with its liberties. He was elected a member of Congress, and was among the the foremost in recomm.ending adoption of an independent government. In 1777 Mr. Adams was chosen commissioner to the Court of Versailles. In 1779 he was appointed minister plenipotentiary to negotiate a peace and a commercial treaIn 1780 he ty with Great Britain. to Holland, and in 1782 to Paris, to negotiate a treaty of peace with Great Britain, having received the assurance that that power would recognize the independence of the United States. In 1785 Mr. Adams was appointed the went embassador first States, which office he sustained until the election of Mr. Jefferson, in 1801. Soon after this, Mr. Adams retired to his farm at Quincy, and spent the remainder of an eventful life in rural occupations, the pleasures of domestic retirement, and those enjoyments which a great and good mind always has in store. The account that Mr. Adams gives in a letter to a friend, of his introduction to George III., at the court of St. James, as the first minfrom the rebel colonies, is very ister interesting. The scene would form a noble picture, highly honorable both to his majesty and the republican minister. Here stood the stern monarch, who had expended more than six hundred millions of dollars, and the lives of two hundred thousand of his subjects in a vain attempt to subjugate freemen ; and by his side stood the man, who, in the language of Jefferson, " was the great pillar of support to the declaration of independence, and its ablest advo- cate and champion on the lioor of Congress." Mr. Adams says, " At one o'clock on Wednesday, the first of June, 1785, the master of ceremonies called at my house, and went with me to the secretary of state's office, in Cleaveland row, where the marquis of Carmarthen received and introduced me to Mr. Frazier, his under secretary, who had been, as his lordship said, uninterruptedly in that office through all the changes administration for thirty years. a short conversation. Lord Carmarthen invited me to go with in After minister to the court of St. him After remaining in Europe years, he returned to his we James. nine On the resignation administration. of Washington, in 1797, Mr. Adams became President of the United in his coach to court. When arrived in the antechamber the master of the ceremonies introduc- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. me while the of state went to take the commands of the king. While I stood in this place, where it seems all ministers stand upon such occasions, always attended by the master of ceremonies, the room was very full of ministers of state, bishops and all other sorts of courtiers, as well as the next room, which is the king's bed chamber. You may well suppose I was the focus of all relieved, however, eyes. I was from the embarrassment of it, by the Swedish and Dutch ministers, ed him and attended secretary who came to me and entertained me with a very agreeble conversation during the whole time. Some other gentlemen whom I had seen came before, to me make their com- the marquis of Carmarthen returned, and desired me to go with him to his majesty. I went with his lordship through the levee room into the king's closet. The door was shut, and I was left with his majesty and the secretary of state alone. I made the three reverences one at the door, another about half way, and another before the presence, according to the usage established at this and all the northern courts of Europe, and then I addressed myself to his majesty in the following pliments to until : — words The United States have apminister plenipotentiary to your majesty, and have directed me to deliver to your majesty this letter, which contains the evidence of it. It is in obedienc to their express commands, that I have the honor to assure your majesty of their unanimous disposition and desire to cultivate the most friendly and liberal intercourse between your majesty's subjects and their citizens, and of their best wishes for your majesty's health and happiness, and for that of your family. ' The appointment of a minister from the United States to your majesty's court will form an epoch in ' Sire : pointed me the history of England and America. I think myself more fortunate than all my fellow citizens, in having the distinguished honor to be the first to stand in j'our majesty's royal presence in a diplomatic character and I shall esteem myself the happiest of men if I can be in; strumental in recommending my country more and more to your majesty's royal benevolence, and of restoring an entire esteem, confidence and affection ; or, in better words, the old good nature and the good old humor,' between people who, though separated by an ocean, and under different governments, have the same language, a similar religion, a kindred blood. I beg your majesty's permission to add, that although I have sometimes before been instructed by my country, ' was never in my whole life in a manner so agreeable to myself.' The king listened to every word it with dignity, it is true, but Whether with apparent emotion. I said, was my visible agitation, for I felt more than I could express, that it touched him, I cannot say ; but he was much affected, and answered me with more tremor than I had spoken with, and said " Sir: The circumstances of this audience are so extraordinarj^, the language you have now held is so extremely proper, and the feelings you have discovered sojustly adapted to the occasion that 1 not only receive with pleasure the assurance : of the friendly disposition of the United States, but that I am glad the choice has fallen upon you to be their minister. I wish you, sir, to believe and that it may be understood in America, that I have done nothing in the late contest but what thought myself indespensibly I bound to do, by the duty which I owed my people. I will be frank with you. I was the last to conform but the separato the separation ; having become inevitable, I have always said, as I now say, that tion �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. The king then said a word or two would be the first to meet the friendship of the United States as to an independent power. The moand I see such sentiments language as yours prevail, and a disposition to give this country the and then turned round and bowed to me, as is customary with all kings and princes when they give the sig- I ment preference, that moment I shall say let the circumstances of language, religion, and blood have their natural full effect." I dare not say that these were the king's precise words ; and it is even possible that I may have, in — some particulars, mistaken his meaning for although his pronun; ciation ever heard, sometimes between as distinct as I is he hesitated members of the backwards, making ; smiling, or rather laughing, said, There is an opinion among some people that you are not the most at- This beautiful stream all your countrymen to I was the manners of France.' surprised at this, because I thought an indiscretion, and a descent from his dignity. I was a little embarrassed; but determined not to deny truth on the one hand, nor lead him to infer from it any attachment to England, on the other, I it off as « I must avow to not mistaken your majesty, I have no attachment but to my own country.' The king replied as quick as lightning, An honest man will ne^ er have any sir, is : ' other.' ia It then traverses a S. the north. direction about 30 miles, affording fertility and a great hydraulic power in its course, when it joins the Shetucket, near the city of Norwich, and takes the name of that These three river to the Yantic. streams form the Thames. timiiiepiaclc River, Ct. This river rises in Bristol and Farmington, and passes through Southington, Cheshire, Meri-den, Wallingford, and falls into Long New Haven. This Island Sound at a pleasant mountain stream, of considerable power, and about 30 miles in length. is Q,\iodcly Head, Me., much gravity as I could, and assumed an air of gaiety, and a tone of decision, as far as was That opinion, decent, and said, threw rises Mashapaugpoad, in Union, Ct. It passes N. to Brimtield, Mass., then a S. E. course to Thompson, Ct., where it receives French river from ' tached of retreated, stepping Q,iiiiieljaus River. less so, jesty's meaning, as I then understood it, and his own words, as nearly as I can recollect them. The king then asked me whether and upon I came last from France my answering in the afhrmative, he put on an air of familiarity, and, my I as is the etiquette ; and last reverence at the door of the chamber, I went to my carriage." Mr. Adams died on the 4th of July, 1826, with the same words on his lips which fifty years before, on that day, he had uttered on the f!oor of Congress, " Independence forever." period. affected, and I and therefore I cannot be certain that I was so attentive, heard so clearly, and understood so perfectly, as to be confident This I of all his words, or sense. do say, that the foregoing is his ma- was not nal to retire. He same much was, indeed, the secretary of state, which being between them I did not hear, Or West Quoddy Head, the western entrance into Passamaquoddy It is in N. lat. 44° 55', W. bay. It has a light house Ion. 66° 49'. See Luhec and 45 feet in height. Eastport. Race Point, Mass. The N. W. extremity of Cape �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER; Cod. N. lat. 42=* 6', W. Ion. 70° 1'. See Provincetown. Hagged Roads iu Nctiv ISiiglaud. See Register. Randolpli, N. H. CO. Until 1824 this town was It is situated called Duri>nd. directly under the north end of the White mountains, its southeast corner bounding on the base of Mount Madison, the east peak of the range. Branches of Israel's and Moose The soil is rivers pass through it. in some parts good, but the town increases slowly in its settlements. It was granted August 20, 1772, to John Durand and others, of LonJoseph Wilder and Stephen don. Jillson were the first settlers. Population, 1830, 78. RaudolpIi; Vt. This is an elevated Orange co. township of good soil, particularly for grazing. It is generally well improved, and produces good butBetween ter, cheese and mutton. twelve and thirteen thousand sheep graze in its pastures. It is well watered by branches of White river, on which are two woolen mills and other manufactures. W. from Wind Randolx>Ii, Mass. Moiiiitaiiis, N. II., points. Coos and 34 N. N. sor. So called from their rough appearance, lie between Andover and Hill, extending in a chain about 10 miles from the Pemigewasset to the vicinity of Kearsarge. It is a bleak and precipitous range, and is nearly 2,000 feet high, in its northern ,Itail sea, There are a number of flour- ishing business locations in the town: the centre village is very pleasant, and contains an academy of excellent reputation. This town was first settled about the year 1778. Population, 1830, 2,743. Randolph lies 23 miles S. from Montpelier, 9 S. W. from Chel- Norfolk CO. Randolph constituted a part of ancient Braintree until 1793, when it was incorporated. It 14 miles S. from Boston, 12 S. E. from Dedham, and 7 S. S. Populafrom Braintree landing. tion, 1820, 1,546; 1830, 2,200; 1837, 3,041. Manatiquot river vibes xn the town, which, with other small streams, afford it a water powlies W Punkapog pond lies in this er. town and Canton. The land is elevated between the waters of Massachusetts bay and Taunton river the surface is generally undulating and the soil strong and productive. There are two very pleasant and flourishing villages in the town. East and West, surrounded by and well cultivated fields. Randolph has long been noted for fertile the industry of its people, in the manufacture of boots and shoes. During the year ending April 1st, 1837, there were made in the town 200,175 pairs of boots, and 470,620 pairs of shoes, valued at $944,715, employing 1,475 hands. There are manufactures of leather, &c. in the town, but that of boots and shoes is the principal. Rangely, Me. Franklin co. This town lies on the Androscoggin river, and at the outlet of Oquossack lake. It is about 40 miles N. W. from Farmington. See "Down East." Raymond Me. J Cumberland co. watered by Crooked Raymond is and sevThis is a good farming eral ponds. town, with two villages, and some river, The inhabitants are principally devoted to agricultural purIn 1837 the population was suits. wheat crop 3,203 bushels. 1,802 lies 75 Incorporated, 1803. It trade. ; �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. xniles S. W. from Augusta and 22 N. N. W. from water power, and Raymond, IV. H. This town lies Rockinsham co. 25 miles W. by S. from Portsmouth, 25 S. E. from Concord, 13 W. by N. from Exeter. Two branches of the Lamprey river, from Deerfield and Candia, unite in Raymond and the waters of two ponds ; also fall into this river as it passes through the town. The Patuckaway, from Nottingham, crosses the N. E. The soil is corner into Epping, various: that of the meadows bordering on the river is productive. In the N. part of the town, about 100 rods from the principal road leading to Deertield, near the summit of a about 100 feet high, is a natural excavation in a ledge, called the Oven, from the appearance of It is a regular arch its mouth. about 5 feet high and of the same width, extending into the hill about 15 feet, and terminating in a hill to which vast herring (alewives) On the banks of one of resort. these ponds, the celebrated King The Philip had a hunting house. tirst forge in America was erected in this town, by James and Henry The house of Leonard, in 1652. the Leonards, an old Gothic buildof quantities Portland. is now standing, and owned by the 7th generation. The ?nanufactures of Raynhara consist of bar iron, nails, iron castings, anchors, shovels, forks, cof- ing, and straw bonnets total value the year ending April 1, 1S37, fee mills, $360,650 : of ) which $300,000 was for nails. Readfieltl, Me. This is an excelco. township of land, and finely watered by ponds and small streams. Kennebec lent people are generally industrious farmers, who find the cultivation of the eaith the best source of independence. Readfield is a very vicinity to number of fissures. Raymond was pleasant town, and its advanpart of Chester call- the Kennebec gives it many originally that It lies 11 miles W. from tages. It was incored "c/mrm/no- -/are. Population, 1337, 2,019. porated in 1765, by its present Augusta. inhabi- Wheat crop, same year, 6,391 bushname. The names of 24 tants of Raymond are found enroll- els. The ed among the soldiers of the revo- speaker of the house, and judge of the superior court, died here May Population, in 21, 1305, aged 80. 1330, 1,000. This town lies on Bristol CO. Taunton river, and was taken from Taunton in 1731. Population, 1837, It is 30 miles S. from Bos1,379. ton, 3 N. E. from Taunton, and 24 E. from Providence. There are a number of large this town producing Windsor a good co. First settled, 1772. This is an elevated township, uneven Several small and mountainous. streams rise here and pass to the This Queechy and Black rivers. town affords excellent pasturage, in which about 6,000 sheep are Reading lies 53 miles S. kept. from IMontpelier, and 10 W. from Vvindsor. RaynliaTn, JIass. ponds in Reading, Vt. numbers of the miliFour tia engaged for short periods. were \-illed or died in service. Hon. JoHrf Dudley, a distinguished patriot of the revolution, member of the committee of safety, lution, beside Population, 1830, 1,109. Reading, Mass. Middlesex co. Reading is an ancient town, 13 miles N. from Boston, 10 W. from Salem, and 17 N. E. from Concord. The surface of the town is uneven, but the soil is generally of a good quality. The village is pleas- �NEW ENGLAND During the ant and flourishing. year ending April 1, 1837, the value of $184,583 of boots and shoes were made in Reading, and $91,360 First of chairs and cabinet ware. Population, 1640. settled, GAZETTEER. ty, and of science, civilized world. Red This town was in- Fairfield co. corporated in 1767, and derived name from its first town Col. its John Read, one of settlers. The soil of the but the surface is rough and hilly. The business of the people is chiefly agricultural, who live scattered about on their Considerable attention is farms. is good, paid in Reading to the growing of wool. It lies 15 miles N. W. from Bridgeport, 60 S. W. from HartPopford, and 9 S. from Danbury. ulation, 1830, 1,686. It is watered hy Saugatuck and Norwalk rivers. Joel Barloav, LL. D., was born in this town, 1755. He died in Poland, 1S12. America has produced few men, more justly deserving of immortaland none, it is beity than Barlow ; who have made their title lived in an sure. eventful period, and acted a conspicuous part in both hemispheres ; and as a poet, a man of science, a politician, a philosopher and a philanthropist, his name will long be lieved, to it more He revered by the friends of civil liber- H. Readsboroiiglij Vt. Bennington Ct. Hill, K. See Moult onho rough. 1837, 2,144. Heading, throughout the A co. mountainous township, at the S. E. corner of the county, watered by Deerfield river, 12 miles S. E. from Bennington, and 18 W. by S. from Brattle borough. Much of the land in the town is too elevated to admit of cultivation. Population, 1830, 662. ReliofeotSi, This town was Bristol CO. settled in 1643, el Newman Mass. first by the Rev. Samu- and others from Wey- Rehoboth formerly comprised the towns of Seekonk and Pawtucket. This ancient town suffered greatly by Indian depredations. The surface of the town is mouth. pleasant, good for and the tillage. soil Its generally manufactures goods, leather, consist of cotton shoes, cutlery, ploughs, straw bonnets, carpenters' and joiners' tools, wagons, ox yokes, bobbins, cotton annual batting, wooden ware, &c. Rehoboth value, about $60,000. : watered by Palmer's river. It 40 miles S. by W. from Boston, 10 S. ^Y. from Taunton, and 7 E. Populafrom Providence, R. I. is lies tion, 1837, 2,202. was Saconet. Its Indian nam« �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. RHODE The State of Rhode Roger Williams Island and Providence Plantations It the mouth of Narraganset bay. charter of Charles It was settled man remarkable for his benevolence, derived its name from that of a beautiful 1663, II., in became Its by justice, in 163G, a and pacific policy. of the State. ISLAND. island at government commenced under the which charter is the present Constitution of the Union May 23th, 1790. member a power is vested in a Senate and Kouse of RepresenThe number of Senators cannot be more nor less than 10, 2 tatives. from each county, and are chosen annually by the people on tiie 3d Wednesday in April. The Representatives are in number 72. No town has Newport 6, Provless than 2, and but 4 towns have more than 2, viz. the number for each town havidence 4, Portsmouth 4, and V.'arv/ick 4: The Legislative — ing been determined by lav/ without reference to the present ratio of population. They are elected semi-annually by the people, on the 8d Wednesday The at of April, and last Legislature meet Tuesday of August. Newport on at the 1st Wednesday Providence and South May, and Monday of of Kingston, alternately, on the last October annually. The executive power is vested in a Governor and Lieut. Governor, Wednesday Wednesday in May elected annually by the people on the 3d official term commences on 30 the 1st of April. Their �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Succession of Governors. Nicholas Cooke, 1776—1778. Collins, Lemuel James Fenner, Nehemiah R. Knight, James Fenner, 1824— John Brown Francis, 1811—1817. William C. Gibbs, 1821—1824. William Jones, H. Arnold, 1833— The judicial power is of Common Pleas. The Judges of all the — 1833. 1831 John Henry Smith, 1789—1805. Isaac Wilborn, (Lieut. Gov.) 1806. (Act. Gov.) 1805. 1807-1811. 1817—1821. 1831. William Greene, 1778—1786. Arthur Fenner, 1786—1789. vested in the Supreme Judicial Court and Court Courts, Sheriffs, Notaries, Justices of the Peace, and Clerks of the Courts are chosen annually by the Legislature in Grand Committee. In all the towns (except Providence) the town councils are, ex officio. Courts of Probate, and the town Clerks, Registers of Deeds and Probate. The Municipal Court ercise probate jurigdiction, and the Clerk city Clerk This towns in the city of is Providence ex- Register of Probate. The Register of I>eeds. is annually appropriates $10,000, state for the to be divided among the support of free schools. Providence, Newport, Bristol, Rhode Island comprises five counties Kent and "Washington. It is bounded N. and E. by (he state of Massa: chusetts, S. by the Atlantic ocean, and Y^. It lies between 41° and 42° N. lat., by the state of Connecticut. and between 71° and 72° and comprises an area of 1350 square miles. 1774, 59,678; 1790, 68,825; ISOO, 69,122; 1810,75,188; Population 1830,97,196. The it is island territory. kins' There Hill, j 1820,83,059; somewhat peculiar. About a water, and of the residue of land a considerable portion The interior of the state, with the exception of the in- tervales along the streams, The most long. square a mile, 71. natural features of this state are tenth part of is to W. Population, 1755, 40,414 is generally rough and hilly. Mount Hope, in Bristol, HopWest Greenwich, and Woonsocket Hill, in Smithfield. some hills of considerable elevation in Exeter. Rhode considerable eminences are in are also Island, and most of the other islands in Narraganset bay, disclose a geological structure, of the transition character, and present a surface generally undulating, and often highly picturesque and beautiful. The mineral as they are treasures of the State have not been explored known, they are not extensive or valuable. the most important mineral. Limestone abounds Mineral coal is : but so Iron ore far is found upon Rhode Island. in the northeastern section of the state ; and in these calcareous strata there are some excellent quarries of marble. Serpen- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. marble tine also found, is and there are in various places extensive quar- ries of freestone. The navigable waters of Rhode Island are abundant, and mill streams Rhode commerce, in 1837, was are found in every section of the continental part of the state. Island claims a conspicuous rank for domestic trade, and the fishery. its enterprise in foreign The tonnage of the state During the war with the Indian Sachem, Philip, and the warof the revolution, Rhode Island was always found at its post. lu these wars her soldiers were conspicuous for bravery; among whom were found some of the most distinguished officers of the age. The rise 45,651 tons. and progress of this state to It is the smallest manufacturing Rhode Island wealth and reputation is very interesting. republican state in the world, and the most important An America. district of its size in impartial history of by one of its distinguished sons that history will contain a merited eulogium on the character of its people. Rhode Island is celebrated for its mild and salubrious climate, which is will soon be published thought peculiarly favorable to : See Register. female beauty. Ricliford, Vt. Franklin co. This is a mountainou- township at the N. E. corner c' the county, on the line of Canada, and watered by INJissisque river and its branches. It lies 50 miles N. by W. from INTontpelier, and 24 N. E. from St. Albans. There is some good land along the river and the upland, though rough, affords good grazing. Population, First settled, about 1830, 704. 1790. Xiiclnuoud} Me. Richmond lies Augusta and 15 N. from Topsham. Incorporated, location pleasant. 15 miles S. 1823. Population, Wheat crop, building and navigation. The town has mill privileges on a stream which empties into Merrymeeting bay its soil is productive, and its stiip : same 1837, 1,526. year, 1,656 bushels. Riclimosid) Cheshire co. ]V. £1. This town is 12 miles S. from Keene, and 70 S. W. from Concord. It is watered by branches of Ashuelot and Miller's rivers, which fall into the Connecticut. The ponds are three in number, one of which is one of the sources of Miller's river. The soil here is favorable for yielding rye, wheat, Indian corn, and most of the productions found in this section of New England. The land is gen- Lincoln co. Within these limits, on the west bank of Kennebec river, stood an ancient fortress called Richmond hence the name of the town. It lies between Bowdoinham and Gardiner, and is the site of some erally level. ; fi«om able There are no remarkRichmond was 1752, and was settled elevations. granted in within 5 or 6 years afterwards, by people from Massachusetts and �NEW ENGLAND Rhode Island. Population, in 1S30, GAZETTEER. gravelly loam, with an unThe agricultural pi-oductions of the tov/n are very considerable. This is an excellent township for grazing a large amount of wool and of the productions of the dairy Richmond is annually transported. was incorporated in 1742. It lies 30 miles S. S. W. "from Providence and is bounded E. by South Kingston. The Providence and Stonington rail-road passes through the S. E. corner of the town. Population, in 1830, 1,363. soil is a even surface. 1,301 niclinioiacl, Vt. Chittenden co. Richmond is 24 miles N. W. frora Montpelier, and Popula13 S. E. from Burlington. tion, 1830,1,109. First settled, 1784. The town is finely watered by Onion and Huntington rivers, on the banks of which are good mill seats and large tracts of beautiful meadow. The village is neat, and the centre of considerable travel. The several religious denominations united here in building a curious looking meeting house it has sixteen sides. This is a healthy place, and noted for the longevity of its inhab- ; Hidgeiielc!, Ct. ; itants. Ridgefield, or, as Fairfield co. the Indians called it, Caudatowa, a word signifying high land, is bounded W. by New Salem, N. Y. N. from Berkshire co. This town is situ- New W. from ated in a deep valley of excellent Danbury. This township is very soil, surrounded by elevated lands, elevated, and commands extensive and watered by Williams' river. views of Long Island Sound and of This is an excellent farming town the surrounding country. The soil the farmers' houses, extending some is a strong gravelly loam, and pro miles on one street, are neatly built ductive of grass and grain. It is and make a beautiful appearance. watered by Saugatuck and Norvvalk Iron ore of a good quality is found rivers, and by a branch of the Crohere in abundance, also marble and ton. It comprises a verj'^ handsome lime. The manufactures of the village, in which are manufactures town consist of pig iron, shovels, of carriages, cabinet furniture, &c. spades, forks, hoes, leather, boots Limestone is abundant. Populaand shoes. Annual value, about tion, 1830, 2,323. Incorporated, In 1836, there were 1709. $50,000. The celebrated hermitess, Sarah 4,835 merino sheep in Richmond. They produced 14,505 pounds of Bishop, lived on the western borwool, valued at $8,703. It lies der of Ridgefield. She lived on 135 miles Yv^. from Boston, and 5 W. Long Island at the time of the from Lenox. Incorporated, 1765. Revolutionary war. Her father's Population, 1837, 820. house was burnt by the Bi-itish, and she was cruelly treated by a BritRicliiitoiicl, K. I. She then left society ish officer. "Washington co. Richmond is and wandered among the mountains bounded on the west by Wood river, near this part of the state she found and on the east by the river Charles. a kind of cave near Ridgefield, Other streams water the town, where she resided till about the which, with the Wood and Charles time of her death, which took place give it an excellent water power. in 1810. It is said that the wild anManufacturing establishments of imals were so accustomed to see various kinds flourish on its streams, her, that they were not afraid of particularly those of cotton. The her presence. Iiic1i2TioD.tl, Mass. and 31 miles W. by Haven, and 9 S. by lies ; : �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. The following account of a visit to this hermitess, is taken from a Poughkeepsie paper. " Yesterday I went to visit the hermitage. As you pass the southern and elevated ridge of the mounbegin to descend the southern steep, you meet with a perpendicular descent of a rock, in the At the front of which is this cave. foot of this rock is a gentle descent of rich and fertile ground, extending about ten rods, when it instantly forms a frightful precipice, descending half a mile to the pond called Long pond. In the front of the rock, on the north, v." here the cave is, and level with the ground, there appears a large frustrum of the rock, of a double fathom in size, thrown out by some unknown convulsion of nature, and lying in the front of the cavity from which it was rent, partly enclosing the mouth, and forming a room: the rock is left entire above, and forms the roof of this humble mansion. This cavity is the habitation of the hermitess, in which she has passed the best of her years, excluded from all society; slie keeps no domestic animal, not even fowl, cat, Her little plantation, conor dog sisting of half an acre, is cleared of its wood, and reduced to grass, where she has raised a few peach trees, and yearly plants, a few hills of beans, cucumbers, and potatoes the whole is surrounded with a luxuriant grape vine, which overspreads the surrounding wood, and On the oppois very productive. site side of tills little tenement, is a fine fountain of excellent water ; at this fountain we found the wonderful woman, whose appearance it is a little difficult to describe: indeed, like nature in its first state, she was without form. Her dress appeared little else than one confused and shapeless mass of rags, patched together without any order, which obscured all human shape, excepting her head, which was clothed tain, and ; 30* with a luxuriancy of lank grey hair depending on every side, as time had formed it, without any covering or ornament. When she discovered our approach, she exhibited the appearance of a wild and timid animal and started and hastened to her cave, which she entered, and barricaded the entrance with old shells, pulled from the decayed trees. We approached this humble habitation, and after some conversation with its inmate, obtained liberty to remove the palisadoes and ; look in ; for we were not able to enter, the room being only sufficient to accommodate one person. saw no utensil, cither for labor or cookery, save an old pewter basin and a gourd shell, no bed but the solid rock, unless it were a few old rags, scattered here and there ; no bed clothes of any kind, not the least appearance of food or fire. She had, indeed, a place in one corner of her cell, where a fire had at some time been kindled, but it did not appear there had been one for We some months. To confirm this, a gentleman says he passed her cell five or six days after the great fall of snow in the beginning of March, that she had no fire then, and had not been out of her cave since the she subsists snow had fallen. during the severe season, is yet a mystery ; she says she eats but little flesh of any kind; in the summer she lives on berries, nuts, and How We conversed with her for to be of a sound mind, a reUgious turn of thought, and entirely happy in her situation; of this she has given repeated proofs by refusing to quit She keeps a Bithis dreary abode. ble with her, and says she takes much satisfaction, and spent much time in reading it." roots. some time, found her Riley, Me. Oxford CO. This is a township of rough and unprofitable land, with few inhabitants ; near to, and south �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. of Speckled mountain, on the line It lies 30 of New Hampshire. miles N. W. from Paris. Riiidge, M. H. Cheshire co. This town is 20 miles S. E. from Keene, 50 S. W. from Concord, and 55 W. N. W. from Boston. The soil is productive, lying on swells of land lor the most There part inclining to the south. are 13 ponds, the largest of which are called Manomonack, Emerson, Perley, Long, Grassy, and Bullet. The 3 first discharge their waters into Miller's river in Mass., thence communicating with the Connecticut; the 3 last discharge themselves into Contoocook river, and from thence into the Merrimack. These ponds abound with fish, and were much frequented by the Indians for procuring fur, &c. There is a small elevation of land in Rindge, from which the waters that issue on one side descend into the Merrimack, and those on the other Connecticut. Iron also a species of is found here ; paint nearly equal to the best quality of Spanish brown. Rindge was side, into the originally called Rowley Canada, It received or Monadnock No. 1. its present name from one of the proprietors, when it was incorporaThe settlement comted, in 1768. menced, 1752, by Jonathan Stanley, George Hewitt and Abel Platts. Population, in 1830, 1,269. Hipley, Me. Somerset co. A good farming town, 60 miles N. by E. from Augusta, and 30 N. E. from Norridgewock. Incorporated, 1816. Population, 1837, 555. Wheat crop, same year, 3,512 bushels. branch of Sebasticook river passes through A the town. Riptou, Vt. Addison co. This is a mountainous township, the surface and soil of which are too broken and cold for much cultivation. Middlebury river and the turnpike from Royalton to Vergennes pass through it. Ripton lies 26 miles S. W. trom Montpelier, and 9 E. from MiddlePopulation, 1330, 278. bury. Eotolfiiiston, Washington co. on the Schoodic or opposite to St. Me. This town lies Croix river, St. Andrews, in New Brunswick. It is 16 miles N. N. W. from Eastport, 30 N. E. from Machias and 192 E. N. E. from AuThis place enjoys great gusta. navigable privileges, and is the site of considerable ship building, and commerce in lumber. Incorporated, Population, 1837, 702. This 1811. town was settled soon after the i-evolutionary war. The first mail came to this place in 1796. mail stage now arrives three times a week, and crosses the river to New A Brunswick. Robbinston was named in compliment to the Flon. Ed- ward H. Robbins, formerly Lieut. Governor of Massachusetts, and for many years speaker of the House of Representatives of that state. Rochester, One M". II., of the county towns of Strafis 10 miles N, W. from ford CO., Dover, 22 N. W. from Portsmouth, 34 E. from Concord. Besides Sal- mon fall river, which divides this town from Berwick and Lebanon, in the state of Maine, the Cocheco river runs the whole length of the town, and nearly in the middle, and the Isinglass river crosses the southerly corner of the town just before its junction with Cocheco river, at a place called Blind Will's Both Salmon fall and CoNeck. checo rivers afford valuable millseats; on the latter of which, near the centre of the town, stands the principal village, called JVorway Plains. It is a place of considerable trade, and a great thoroughfare from the upper towns in the county to Dover and Portsmouth �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. There is another village about 2 miles S. W.from this, called Squamanagonnick, the Indian name of the tails in the Cocheco at that Much of the soil in Rochplace. ester is good ; the surface is uneven, with several swells, the principal which is Squamanagonnick hill, which constitutes a considerable of part of several valuable farms. In the W. part of the town, is a large tract of oak land, which is hard and stony ; has a deep rich soil, and is very productive when well cultivaThe town was incorporated, ted. in IT22. The first permanent set- tlement was made in 172S. Until Canada was taken by the British and American troops in 1760, it remained a frontier town ; the people were poor and distressed, but Their men were not discouraged. bold, hardy and industrious ; and their sons were trained to the use of arms. They early became a terIn 1748, the wife ror to their foes. of Jonathan Hodgdon was killed on a Sunday morning by the Indians, on refusing to be taken to Canada with the party. Her husband married again, had 21 children in all, and died in 1815, aged 90 j^ears. In the revolutionary war, many of the inhabitants bore a part. Captains David Place and John Brewster led companies to Ticonderoga, and suffered much in their retreat from that place in 1777. Of the soldiers from Rochester, 29 were killed or died in that contest. Pop. 1830,2,155. RocUester, Vt. Windsor co. Rochester lies 30 miles S. S. W. from Montpelier, 37 N. W. from Windsor, and 20 S. E. from Middlebury. White river, It is watered by it with which supplies A mill seats. large partof the surface of the township is broken and mountainous, but it contains much good land for grazing and some tracts of excellent meadow. It has a pleasant village with some trade. In 1837, there were 9,000 sheep in the town. First Population, 17S3. settled, J 1830, 1,392. Rocliester, Mass. Plymouth co. A large maritime town on Buzzard's bav, 9 miles E. from New Bedford, and 48 S. S. E. from Boston. Incoiporated, 1686. Population, 1837, 3,570. The lace of the town is uneven and the soil light. Mattepoiset and Sipican rivers, rising in large ponds in the town, empty into the bay and form good harbors. The manufactures of Rochester consist of vessels, salt, bar iron, boots, shoes, &c. value, the year ending April 1, 1837, ,^101,811. During that period there were 9 vessels engaged in the whale ; fishery, and brought into port 116,928 gallons of oil, valued at $71, A 65S. sels number belong to of merchant vesand numer- this place, ous coasting and fishing vessels. Hoclkiugliani County, IV. H. Portsmouth and Exeter are the The county of Rockchief towns. ingham is bounded N. and N. E. by Strafibrd county E. by the Atlantic, from the mouth of Piscataqua river to the line of MassachuW. by the counties of Mersetts ; ; rimack and Hillsborough. Its greatest length is about 34 miles; its greatest breadth, from the west corner of Chester to the extremity of Rye, is about 30 miles. It comprises an area of 695 square miles. There are no remarkable elevations the surface, howin this county ever, is uneven, and in the north part, from the higher eminences, there are some very fine views of The the surrounding country. highest point is Saddleback mountain, in Northwood and Deerfield. ; The rivers are the Lamprey, Exe- Beaver, and Spiggot, which water the east and southeast parts Great Bay, beof the county. tween Newington and New Market, and connecting w'ith the Piscataqua, is the largest collection of ter, �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. M^ssabesick pond or lake tion of a number of pleasant villawater. ges. The scenery around the falls, is principally in Chester, and is picturesque from its numerous isl- in Kockingham, is of a sublime ands and the surrounding eleva- character, and perhaps no section The other principal ponds of New England possesses a greattions. are Islandy, in Hamsptead, Coun- er variety of minerals than are found Kingston, and Pleasant in in this vicinity. trj'^, in Deerfield. Rome; Me. The soil of this county having been longer cultivated than that of Franklin co. This is a beautiful any other county in the slate, is farming town, watered by several very productive ; and agricultural large ponds. It lies 19 miles N. pursuits have been very success- N."W. from Augusta, and 13 E. S. ful. In 1837, there were 23,;533 E. from Farmington. It contains a sheep in the county. The popula- pleasant and flourishing village. Incorporated in 1S04. tion, in 1S20, was 40,526; and in Population, Population to a 1837, 1,074. in 1S30, 44,552. Wheat crop, same square mile, 64. year, 4,177 bushels. Roive, Mass. liocl^ingliaiii, Vt. Windham This town is beauon the west side of Connecticut river, and at the celebrated " Bellows Falls," noted under Walpole N. H. The water power afforded by these falls, with that of Williams and Saxton's rivers, which pass through the town, are of vast extent; it cannot fail of becoming exceedingly useful, and of rendering this town and vicinity eo. tifully situated the site of immense manufacturing- operations. Large and expensive manufacturing establishments have, recently been commenced an account of which may be expected ; Franklin co. This town contains the site of old fort Pelham, erected in 1744. The township is elevated, and in some parts mountainous, but the soil is adapted for grazing. Considerable wool is produced and there are manufactures ; town of woolen goods, boots, shoes, leather, and wooden ware. Rovve is the source of a branch in the of Deerfield river, and lies 130 miles N. W. from Boston, and 22 W. by N. from Greenfield. Incorporated, 1785. Population, 1837, 688. Ro-wley, Mass. in the Register. This place lies on a navigable river, 65 miles above Northampton, and 85 above Springlield, Mass., Ill above Hartford, Ct., and 23 below Windsor, Vt. It is 85 miles S. from Montpelier, and 18 N. E. from Newfane. First settled in 1753, Population, 1S30, 2,272. surface of the town is uneven but the soil is generally strong, warm and productive. Its agricultural products are considerin 1837, it pastured 12,600 able The ; : sheep. The renders Essex CO. This town was first settled by a party of industrious and pious persons from Yorkshire, Eng. in 1G39. They erected the first fulling mill in New England, and manufactured the first cloth in North America. There are a great variety of soils in the town a large part is salt meadow, and the residue is fertile and productive. It comprises a part of Plum island, and large tracts of wood land. It ; watered by Rowley river, which from several ponds in Boxford. This river afifbrds a water power, and before its junction with Plum Island Sound, forms a harbor for is rises location of it a mart of or trade, and Rockingham much interi- has caused the erec- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. vessels of moderate draught of wawhich many vessels ter, and in have been built. Ancient Rowley was divided in 183S its vi^estern part was detached and incorporated by the Since this name of Georgetown. : Rowley possesses but litmai.ufocturing interest, but a valuable agricultural one, to which its inhabitants are principally devo- elevated between the Onion and White ofj 15 from IMontpelier. Population, 1789. It lies W. iniles S. First settled, S. waters rivers. 1830, 737. Roxliiiry, Slass. some good soil. Roxbury watered by a branch of Androscoggin river. It lies 30 miles N. from Paris, and is bounded S. by Rumford. Incorporated, 1835. Norfolk CO. This town is joined Boston by a neck of land, over which are broad and pleasant avenues. Between the centre of each town is about 3 miles. The surface is rocky and uneven, with a strong soil in a high state of cultivation. It displays a great degree of agricultural taste and skill, and abounds in country seats and pleasure grounds. That part of this town bordering on Jamaica pond, 4 miles S. W. from Boston, is exceedingly pleasant. This town and Boston were incorporated the same year, (1630 ;) and nothing but municipal regulations divide their interests and feelings. Population, ISIO, 3,609; 1820, 4,135 1S30, 5,247 1837, 7,493. The first hourly coach from Boston commenced running to this town Population, 1837, 182. in 1827. division tle ted. This ancient town is very pleasand lias been the birth place of n)any learned men. It lies 30 miles N. from Boston, 16 N. by Vr. from Salem, and 25 E. N. E. from Lowell. Population, 1838, about ant, 1,000. Roxbiiry, Me. The surface of this elevated, and well timber- Oxford town is CO. ed, with is Roxl>ixi*y, Cheshire CO., is 5 ]V. H., miles E. from waters the S. part, and empties inAshuelot at the S. W. corOn the E. side of the townner. ship is a pond, called Roaring Brook pond, at the outlet of which are mills. Roxbury presents a rough and uneven suiface, rising into considswells, affording excellent grazing land. This town was formed of a part of Nelson, Marlborough and Keene, and incorporated in 1812. Popula- erable tion, 1830, 322. Koxtoury, Vt. This town There are now a large be- tween the two to the co. ; ; number continually running Keene, and 50 S. W. from Concord. The N. branch of Ashuelot river forms the boundary betv^een this town and Keene. Roaring Brook, on which are several small meadows, Washington to is places, and not less than 250,000 persons pass annually. Since that time, others of a similar kind have been established to Charlestown, Cambridge, Dorchester, &c., and tend greatly to promote the public convenience. The manufactures of Roxbury consist of leather, nails, hats, chairs, cabinet ware, pig iron, spirits, &,c.: annual value, about $300,000. The Rev. John Eliot, the justly celebrated " Apostle of the Indians," was settled in Roxbury in 1632. Mr. Eliot imbibed the true spirit of the gospel, and his heart was touched with the wretched condition of the Indians. He learned their language, and translated the scriptures into it, This would seem the business of a life, when the sense of the simple e:ipression, " Kneeling down to him," is conveyed in the Indian language �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. by JVutappessttuJi'qussunnoowehtunkquoh, a word that would puzzle a Demosthenes to pronounce, without an extra pebble stone in his mouth. Mr. Eliot was remarkable for his indefatigable labors and charities; he endured hardship as a good soldier of Jesus Christ, and went to his reward in 1690, aged 86. This was the birth residence of the Warren^. and place patriot Joseph Dr. Warren was born in 1740. He graduated at Harvard college in 1759. He was an ardent lover of his country, and sensibly felt the weight of her oppressions. Four days previous to the battle of " Bunker Hill," he received a commission in the army of Major General. He was within the entrenchment, and was slain on that hallowed spot, just at the commencement of the retreat. Dr. Warren was an ab-le statesman, an eloquent orator, a man of uncompromising integrity and undaunted bravery. General Warren was the first officer of rank that fell in that glorious contest for liberty. His death shed a gloom throughout the country he was exceedingly beloved for the mildness and affability of his deportment, and for the virtues of his private life. pleasant town, and is well watered by Miller's river, a beautiful mill stream. The surface of the town is uneven, but the soil is generally There are rich and productive. two woolen Windsor co. The surface of this town is somewhat rough and mountainous, but the soil is good, particularly on the banks of White river, by which it is watered. This town was first settled in 1771, and for many years endured great sutfering from Indian hostiliThis is an excellent township for grazing, and its agricultural products are considerable. It has a pleasant village and an academy. Royalton is 30 miles S. from Montpelier, and 25 N. N. Vv" from Windsor. Population, in 1830, ty. . 1,893. Litchfield CO. Roxbury was taken from Woodbury and incoi-pora- from It lies 32 miles N. W. New Haven, 46 W. S. W. from Hartford, and 15 S. by W. from Litchfield. Population, 1830,1,122. The town is diversified with hills and vales. The soil is a gravelly loam, interspersed with some small tracts of sandy loam. It is water- ed by the Shepaug, a branch of the Housatonick. In digging for silver, a species of iron ore, called steel ore, was discovered. Koyalston, Mass. Worcester co. Royalston Rtiinford, Me. Oxford CO. Rumford ship of valuable is a townland, 51 miles W. N. W. from Augusta, and 20 N. by W. from Paris. It lies on the RoxlJiiry, Ct. ted in 1801. and manufactures Royalton, Vt. : • mills, of boots, shoes, leather, chairs, cabinet ware, palm-leaf hats and mats, wooden ware, &c. First settled, 1762. Incorporated, 1765. It lies 70 miles W. N. W. from Boston, and 38 N. W. from WorPopulation, 1837, 1,629. cester. northwestern bank of the Androscoggin, and enjoys a great water power. Mills of various kinds are already erected, and manufactures on a large scale are contemplated. White Cap mountain, rising 500 feet above the level of the surrounding country, and Glass-face, about 400 feet, present beautiful views Population, from their summits. Wheat crop, same 1837, 1,382. Incorporated, year, 4,385 bushels. isoo. R-umiiey, Grafton co. is a "N. H. Rumney is 8 miles N. N. W. from Plymouth, 47 N. by �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. W. from Concord. by Baker's It is watered of which a considerable branch flows from Stinson'spond, and is called Stinson's brook. The pond is 400 rods long and 280 rods wide. Part of Loon pond is on the E. line of this town. The principal elevations are Stinson's and Webber's mountains in the E. part, and a small part of Carr's mountain, which here oblains the name of Rattlesnake mountain, on its N. W. border. Rumney was granted in 1767, and was tirst settled in 17G5. It was in this town, on the 2Sth of April, 1752, that the late General Stark, while on a hunting expedition, was captured by a party of 10 Indians, river, commanded by Francis Titigaw. He was in company with Amos Eastman of Concord, David Slinson of Londonderry, and his brother William. Stinson was slain. Population, in 1S30, 993. Rupert, Vt. Bennington co. A part of this township is mountainous, but the soil is generally good for grazing. Rupert produces some fine cattle, and keeps about 10,000 sheep. It is watered by Pawlet river, and a branch of the Battenkill, on which streams, are mills of various kinds. Rupert is 73 miles S. W. from Montpelier, and 25 N. from Bennington. Population, 1S30, 1,313. Russell, Mass. Hampden co. Westfield river waters this town, and affords it good mill privileges. There is a cotton mill in the town and other manufac- Russell lies 100 miles W. by from Boston, and 14 W, by N. Irom Springfield. Incorporated, 1792. Population, 1S37, 475. tures. S. Rutland County, Vt. Rutland, chief town. This county is bounded N. by Addison county, E. by Windsor county, S. by Bennington county, and W. by the New York. Incorporated, 1781. Population, 1820, 29,983; 1830, 31,294. This county contains an area of 953 square miles. Inhabitants to a square mile, 33. The principal streams are Otter Creek, Black, White, Queechy and Pawlet rivers. There is some line land in this county along Otter Creek, but a large portion of it is elevated, and some parts mountainous. The state of however, is generally warm and well suited for grazing. Many cattle are annually taken to market, and in 1837, there were 180,984 sheep in Rutland county. Excellent iron ore is found at the base of the mountains, and a range of marble quarries extends the whole length of the county from north to south. This marble is of a fine quality much of it is wrought and soil, : transported. Rutland, Vt. Chief town, Rutland co. This town was settled about the year 1770, and for some time during the revolutionary war was a frontier town. The Green mountain hoys erected here two small picket forts, which were found very useful. The soil of the town is various, but generally of an excellent quality. Iron ore of a good quality is found clay, lime, and a great abundance of beautifully variegated marble. ; The village of Rutland is neat, well built and handsomely located: it is the centre of trade for a large The agsection of fertile country. ricultural productions of Rutland in 1S37, are large and valuable there were within its limits 20,981 sheep. Otter Creek and its tributaries give the town a good water : power, "and — manufacturing estab- lishments are springing up along their banks. Rutland lies 50 miles S. W. from Montpelier, 52 N. by E. from Bennington, 60 S. S. E. from Burlington, "and 34 W. N. W. from Windsor. Population, 1830, 2,753. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Rutland, Mass. £23 lawfiil money. settled about the It year incorporated, in 1722. wa? lirdt 172;), and 51 miles W. by N. from Boston and 12 N. W. from Worcester. branch of W^are river waters the town, and gives it mil! privileges. The manufactures consist of woolen goo;is, It lies A leather, boots, shoes, chairs, cabi- net and woo;len wai-es annual value about ,^50,000. Rutland is a very pleasant town, of good soil and well cultivated. Its exports of beef, butter and cheese are consid; erable. ponds. contains some fine fish Population, 1337, 1,205. It ilye, N. Rockingham co., is pleasantlj' sit- and the sea, a communication was opened by hill is principally composed, supposed to have been made use of by the natives. This town has suffered considerably in times of war and danger. In the Amei-ican or revolutionary war, 38 of its inhabi- this by sea or land them young men. Popu- tants lost their lives, niost of the inhabitants about ; lation, in 1830, 1,172. I-I., uated on the sea coast, 6 1-2 miles S. from Portsmouth. It was originally taken from Portsmouth, Greenland, Hampton and New Castle, chiefly the latter; and though it began to be settled as early as the year 1635, it was not incorporated till 1719. The sea coast here is about 6 miles in extent, being nearly one third of the coast in the state. On the shore, there are three considerable and very pleasant beaches, viz. Sandy, Jenness' and Wallis', to which many persons resort in the summer season from neighboring towns and the country, both for health and for pleasure. There is here a small harbor, near Goss' mill, into which vessels of 70 or 80 tons burden may conveniently enter, at high water. The boat fishery is carried on to considerable advantage, particularly in the fall and winter seasons. There was formerly a large fresh water pond, lying contiguous to the sand bank or bounds of the sea, covering a surface of about 300 acres. Between this The waters were discharged into the sea, leaving a tract of marsh, which, being watered by the regular flowing of the tide, yields annually large quantiBreakfast Hill, ties of salt hay. between this town and Greenland, is distinguished as the place where a party of Indians were surprised at breakfast, at the time of their incursion iu 1Q9S. There are small circular holes in the rocks of which a centurj^ since. Itutlaud was formerly twelve iniles square, aii;l was sold by the Indians, in IGS'J, for "Worcester co. liyegate, Vt. Caledonia co. This town is situated on the west bank of Connecticut river, opposite to Bath, N. H. It is 33 miles E. by S. from Montpelier, and 14 S. by E. from Danville. Ryegate is watered by Wells river, some smaller streams and several ponds. There is land on the town, but the soil is and very productive vegetables and grain tervale not much river, in- in the generally rich of all kinds of but more particularly of grass. About 3,000 sheep are kept, and the pioducts of the soil, annually transported to market, ; This town are vei-y considerable. first settled by emigrants from Scotland, in the year 1774. lai-ge part of the present population of Ryegate are of Scotch descent, and are said to follow, in a great degree, the peculiar habits, in regard to diet, which Scotchmen are accustomed to in their own country. They annually prepare large quantities of oat meal for cakes, and lay in a good stock of hulled barley for broths, soups and puddings. The people of Ryegate are generally frugal and industrious ; good farmers, was A and good livers. They manufac- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. ture their own apparel and some for their neighbors. Population, 1830, sons the appearance of Saco Falls is truly sublime. 1,119. Saco, Me. Saclieiu's Head, Ct. York Saco is situated on the east side of the river of that name. It is 71 miles S. S. >V. from Augusta, 15 S. W. from Portland, and See Guilford. Saco River, Is one of the largest in New England yet being much broken in its course by falls, is not navigable to any considerable extent. It ; from three sources in the the branch issuing from the southwest side of the mountains, near the Notch, is considered the main stream; next to this is the middle branch, which is the smallest and beyond is the branch called Ellis's river, which rises on the northeast side of the mountains, and after a course of about eighteen miles, unites with the main bjanch in the town of Bartlett. Cutler's and New rivers are mountain torrents that discharge springs White mountains ; ; into the Ellis. The Ammonoosuck, a branch of the Connecticut, rises within about two rods of the Saco, flowing in an opposite direction. The whole length of Saco river is estimated to be 160 miles; running its general course S. S. E., and discharaing into the sea in N, latitude 43° 31', W. longitude 70° 26'. The principal falls are, the Great Falls, at Hiram, where the water descends 72 feet; Steep Falls, at Limington, 20 feet ; Salmon Falls, at Hollis and Buxton, 30 feet and Saco Falls, 42 feet. The latter are about 4 miles from the mouth of the river. The ordinary rise of the water, in the spring, is from 10 to 15 feet, but in great freshets it has been knoAvn greatly to exceed that number. long stoi-m which occurred in Octobei-, 17S5, raised the river to an immense height, sweeping away mills and bridges, and inundating houses that stood in its vicinity. In 1S14, there was the greatest freshet known since that of 1785. At such sea- in ; A 31 CO. 29N.E. Saco from York. a port of entry, a place of son)e ship building, and commands a flourishing tiade. Population, is 1830, 3,219; 1837, 4,229. Saco enjoys the rare privilege of possessing a great hydraulic power united with navigable accomnjodations. The Saco river terminates its fantastic course at this place, by leaping, within a short distance, 42 feet, and mingling with the ocean. This water power is very valuable, and cannot fail of becoming the site of large manufacturing operations. From the mouth of the river a line beach extends to the east about 5 miles, called Old Orchard beach. This name arose from a growth of apple trees formerly near the beach, planted at a very early period some of them remained as late as 1770. Another beach of less extent, but not inferior in other respects, is found at the Pool, connecting Fletcher's Neck with the main, and formJng the south shore of that peninsula. Its distance from the Falls is about 9 miles. The small streams by which different parts of Saco are watered, generally derive their origin from an immense bog, commonly called the Heath, and flow into the river and sea. On one of these, Foxwell's brook, there is a fine waterfall, with a descent of about sixty feet, surrounded by scenery of a wild and striking character. The lumber trade has long been the principal branch of business on Saco river. In early times, the mills were supplied with logs from the forests in the vicinity of the Falls in the former part of the last : �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. century, they were procured at the distance of a few miles above the mills. In the winter of 1772, it is said, a few persons for the first time ascended the river as far as Frj^eburg, in quest of timber, and finding an abundance, turned the attention of millmen to that region for their future supplies. After the war the number of mills was increased. Before the year ISOO, seventeen saws were in operation about the Falls. There wei-e others on the small streams in different parts of Saco and Biddeford. The quantity of boards sawed per day, (24 hours) has been estimated at fifty thousand feet. There is considerable navigation owned at Saco, employed in foreign and domestic commerce and the fishery. The tonnage of the district, in 1S37, was 3,666 tons. There are at present a large cotton mill, a rolling mill, a nail factory, and numerous saw mills; but a great portion of the water power remains unimproved. The village of Saco contains many handsome buildings, and the scenery around it is romantic and beautiful. petition of a number of gentlemen, a charter was grantee by king James in the year 1G06, dividing the country into two districts, called North and South Virginia, and authorizing the establishment of separate colonies in each district by two distinct companies. right of property in the land fifty miles on each side of their first plantations, and extending 100 miles into the interior, was granted by this patent. The first or Southern colony were allowed to settle any part of the country within the degrees of 31 and 41 north latitude; the second, consisting chiefly of persons resident at Plymouth and other towns in the west of England, and thence denominated the Plymouth Company, were allowed to choose a place of settlement between 38 and 45 degrees north latitiule. As a consideiable portion of the territory thus allotted was common to the two districts, a provision was added, that the colony last planted should not approach within one hundred miles of that already established. " The next year colonies were sent out by the two companies. One was fixed at Jamestown, of which Gosnold was the prime mover,' and Capt. Smith an active member; the other was established at Sagadahock, or the mouth of the A ' Saco and Biddeford were formerThe former was first ly united. 1631, the latter in 1630. a few extracts from Mr. Folsom's valuable liislory of tho.5e towns, as they contain some interesting information in relation to the first settlement of this part of settled in We make New England. " The unfortunate termination of Sir V/alter Raleigh's attempts to colonize Virginia during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, had effectually checked the spirit of enterprise in England in relation to the settlement of America. The discoveries of Gosnold and Pring, and the shortness of their voyages, now caused the subject to be revived, and to excite more general interest than had before existed. On the Kennebec, led by Captains George Popham, brother to tlie Chief Jusand Raleigh Gilbert. This colony consisted of 108 men; whether accompanied by their Aimilies, we are not informed. They arrived on the coast near the island of Monhcagan, a few leagues east tice, Kennebec, August, and soon of the mouth in the month of after entered the of that river, where, on the eastern side, on an island now forming a part of Georgetown, they commenced preparations for a permanent settlement without delay. Monheagan was agreed upon as a place of rendezvous for the ships before leaving England, and al- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. we are not directly told that the destination of the colony was determined before their arrival, The there is no doubt of the fact. great patron of the enterprise, Chief Jus'ice Popham, eb*;ainec' an accurate survey of the coast the year before, and doubtless selected the mouth of that" fair and navigable river," as the Kennebec is styled by Smith, as a favorable location for the seat of the colony. " The lateness of the season scarcelj allowed the colonists time to erect a fort and the necessary places of shelter before the approach of winter, which proved More than excessively rigorous. half their number returned with the ships to England in December, in consequence of the severity of the cold and the scantiness of their supplies. Soon after those who had remained had the misfortune to lose the greater part of their buildCapt. Popings and stores by tire. ham died in the course of the winter, and an arrival in the spring brought news of the death of the though Chief Justice. Raleigh Gilbert, who succeeded Popham as presi- dent of the Colony, was under the necessity of returning to England on account of the decease of his brother, of which intelligence was the river Penobscot, from whence he carried to England live of the natives, "three of whom," says Gorges, " I seized upon they were all of one nation, but of several parts and several families. This accident must be acknowledged the uieans under God of putting on foot and giving life to all our plantations." He retained these Indians in his family three years, and obtained from them much information respecting their native shores they were afterwards sent back. Gorges hv^nceforth took a deep interest in schemes for the settlement of North Virginia, and was rather chagrined than discouraged by the return of the Sagadahock colonists, and the unfavorable reports which they spread concerning the coun" He had too much experitry. ence in the world," he said, " to be frighted with such a blast, as knowing many great kingdoms and large territories more northerly seated ; : ing the prejudice excited by the " Sir Ferdinando Gorg-es, a con- member of the Plymouth Company, alone remained undis- spicuous attention to Wey- of this King James. The of his course, mouth had accidently discovered have been ; couraged. flailing short and by many degrees colder, were plentifully inhabited, and divers of them stored with no better commodities than these afforded, if like industry, art and labor be used." Unable, however, to persuade the company to undertake the planting of a second colony. Gorges engaged in private enterprises to this coast, which began to be much resorted to by English ships for purposes of trade with the natives, and of fishing. In the year 1616, he sent hither a party commanded by Richard Vines, for the express object of exploring the country with a view to form a settlement. He contracted with them to remain during the winter, with the hope of remov- received by another arrival, and the colonists, discouraged Jjy so many adverse circumstances, resolved to abandon the country and return with him. Thus in less than one year from the time the settlement was commenced, the northern colony was broken up the country was denounced as uninhabitable, and no further attempts were made for many years to promote its settlement by the Company to whom it was assigned by the patent of gentleman appears turned to this part of America year 1605, when Capt. Weymouth arrived in the harbor of Plymouth where he resided, on his return from a voyage for the discovery of the northwest pa-jstge. first in the �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. The Sagadahock colonists against the character of the climate. " They arrived during the prevalence of a destructive disease among the natives, which spread er, on the western side, near the capacious and sheltered basin now called the Pool, but in early times known as Winter harbor. " Vines performed several voyages to our coast in the service of Gorges, and it is probable made Winter HarWhile he bor his principal resort. was occupied in exploring the country and trading with the na- New throughout mencing spot v.'hich they selected for their abode, we have reason to suppose, was at tlie mouth of Saco riv- its England, comravages in the west. This pestilence is noticed by all the writers on the early history of New England, with some difference of opinion as to the precise year of its A occurrence. late and highly respectable writer supposes it to have prevailed in different places at different times, but a few years previous to the arrival of the Plymouth pilgrims. It was regarded by those pious colonists as a special interposition of divine providence in their favor, so great was the havoc it made among the tribes in that quarter. 'Thus,' says old Morton, 'God made way for his people by removing the heathen and planting them tives, nists or planters. " The husbandmen took up tracts of 100 acres, of which they received leases on nominal or small rents, from Mr. Vines. Some of these are now on record. estate that had been in the possession of Thomas Cole, including 'a mansion or dwellinghouse,' was leased by Mr. Vines to John West for the term of lOOO years, for the annual rent of two shillings and one capon, a previous consideration having been paid by West. The lease which is partly in the latin language, was executed, 1638. Another deed from Vines requires the lessee to yield An who were engaged war with each other when the pestilence made its appearance. In the midst of these evils, the Englishmen passed with safety among them, and slept in their cabins without suffering from the contagion. They were in particular welcomed by the savages whom they had seen in the family in a destructive in visited and pay an acknowledgement and rent-charge of 5s., two days work, and one fat goose yearly. In this manner were different parts of the coast, lish themselves prepared to estabfor the winter. the planters ren- in fee simple. at this little party all dered tenants to the propiietor, none of them holding their estates Plymouth, and now their native homes. Having met fish- and trade with the natives. Most of them combined these pursuits, and were styled husbandmen penetrated into the interior, visiting the Indians in their villages and wigwams, who received them with great kindness and hospitality. Beside the ravages of sickness, they were at this time thrown info confusion by the death of the Bashaba or chief sachem, whom the Tarrantincs, living east of the Penobscot, had attacked by surprise and destroyed with his family the preceding year. Great dissensions had immediately followed among the Gorges were chiefly agriculture, ing, " Mr. Vines and his companions of in How long he pursued this course, we are not informed, nor do we find him mentioned again until several years after his early residence at Winter Harbor. " The employments of the colo- in the land.' different tribes, men were engaged his fishing. | Fishing was the most common occupation, as it was both easy and profitable to barter the products of this business for corn from Virginia, and other stores from England. The trade with the planters of Mas- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. 8achu?etts soon became consideraIn 1636, Mr. Vines had a ble. consignment of bread and beef from Jocelyn remarks that that quarter. •Winter Harbor is a noted place for describes the mode of pursuing this business in the followmanner: 'The fishermen take He fishers.' in"- yearly on the coast many hundred quintals of cod, hake, haddock, poltheir lock, &c. and dry them at a stages, making three voyages in They make merchantable year. and refuse fi4i, which they sell to Massachusetts merchants ; the first per quintal ; the 32 ryals travelling into the interior for this and French English purpose. goods were bartered for valuable furs, particularly beaver." Saddle Mountain, Mass. See JidMms. gaddleli>acl£ Mountain, Me. Franklin co. This mountain is a few miles south of Mount Abraham, it is 25 miles N. AV. from Farmington, and about 4,U00 feet above the level of the sea. Sagadalioclc, Me. ($4) for The ancient name o( a section of oi sends country, at and east of the mouth The merchant and 2,25.) Kennebec river. See Saco. Marthe first to Lisbon, Bilboa, other St. All>ans, Me. seilles, Bordeaux, Toulon, and pipecities of France ; to Canaries, Somerset co. This is a valuable refuse staves and clapboards; the miles N. N. the ne- township of land, 46 fish to the W. Indies for E. from Augusta, and 26 N. E. by To every shallop belong groes. Incorporasteers- E. from Norridgewock. four fishermen, a master or Population, 1S30, 911 ; shore ted, 1S13. man, a midshipman, and a This town contains a 1837, 1,393. man, who washes it out of the salt, the outpitched large and beautiful pond ; and dries it upon hurdles which forms a good mill let of upon stakes breast high, and tends Sebasticook They often get in stream, a branch of pleasant and their cookery. share river. There are two one voyage 8 or 9 barrels a flourishing villao-es in St. Albans. per man. The merchant buys of 10,294 bushels peas, wheat, Wheat crop, 1837, the planters beef, pork, Indian corn, and sells it to the fishSt. Allbans, Vt. ermen.' This Shire town of Franklin co. " The expense of each planter to by is bounded on the west town provision himself was quite small, lies 46 miles an estimate Champlain lake. It if we may judge from N. Vv\ by N. from Montpelier, and furnished by Mr. Jocelyn for the 25 N. from Burlington. First setinformation of proposed emigrants. Populaprevi- tled about the year" 1785. similar estimate had been The soil of this 1S30, 2,395. tion ously made by Capt. Smith with town is fertile, and under the manreference to Virginia. ' Victuals to is renderof agement of good farmers, last one man a year; 8 bushels In 1837, there productive. two bushels of peas, 6 ed very meal, £2: sheep in the town, and two bushels of oatmeal, were 8,459 shi11ino;s the exports of wool and other pro9 shillhigs one gallon of aqua vit:e, soil are large and one gallon of oil, ductions of the (brandy,^ 2s. Gil. The water communicavaluable. two gallons of vinegar, refuse for 9 and 10 shillings ($2, A : : : 3s. 6cZ. 2s.:' : total, £3 3s., equal to $14. was carA considerable many ried on with the natives by of the planters, some of them visi" ting- ° traffic remote parts of the 31* coast, or by the lake to New-York and Canada, render St. Albans a mart the surof considerable trade from tions rounding country. The first vesthat arsel from Lake Champlain, �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. New York, by the northbuilt and owned at St. Albans. The Village of St. Albans is situated on elevated beautifully ground, and commands a fine prosrived at ern canal, was from, pect. It contains many handsome buildings, and is a busy place in the manufacture of various articles. It lies three miles from the lake, and twelve miles from the line of Canada. St. bounded northerly by a neck of land adjoining Thomaston, E. by the western waters of Penobscot bay, S. by the Atlantic, and W. by the waters of Muscongus bay and St. George's river. This town possesses, in an eminent degree, every navigable facility. It is a place of considerable ship building, and the people are engaged in the lumber trade, coasting and fishing. There are a number of islands on the coast of this town a cluster of islands called St. Georges, are the most considerable. They lie off the town S. by W. about 5 miles. St. Geoi'ge was incorporated in 1803. Population, 1837, 1,883. It lies 57 miles S. E. from Augusta, and 10 : Croix River. This river forms the boundary between the United States and the British Province of New Brunswick, from the ocean to Grand Lake. It is sometimes called Passamaquoddi/, ScJioodic and Che- S. from Warren. putnetecook. This river rises in St. George River is a valuable Grand Lake and passes to the stream, both on account of its hyocean in a S. E. course. The dis- draulic power and navigable actances on this important river are commodations. It receives its most as follows: from Eastport to Ca- distant waters from ponds in Montlais, at the head of navigation, is 28 ville, Searsmont and Belmont in from Calais to the mouth of the county of Waldo, and, in a miles Schoodic river, 21 miles, and from southerly course, passes to Union, thence to Grand Lake is 33 miles where it receives the waters of Eastport to several ponds, and meets the tide at distance from total Grand Lake, 82 miles. There are Wai-ren. The length of this river many elevations in this river, and is about 40 miles it is navigable to consequently many falls and rapids, Warren, 15 miles from the sea. producing a great hydraulic power. St. Greorge, Vt. The mouth of the western branch of Chittenden co, A small town the St. Croix, or Schoodic river, is bounded W, by Shelburne, 28 miles 166 feet above tide water, at Calais and the whole fall from Grand Lake W, by N. from Montpelier, and 8 First setS. E. from Burlington. to sea level is 444 feet. line : : ; St. The Or the Peclieenegamook, rises in *he county of Piscataquis, on the border of Canada. It has a number of tributaries and receives the waters of several lakes. It is about 50 miles in length, and, parsing nearly south falls into the river St, John, on the line of Penobscot count3^ St. Population, 1830, tled, 1784. Francois iiiver, Me, George, Me. the surface soil is is is 1.35. high and uneven: composed of loam, clay and gravel. St. J'oliii's lliver. See Fundi/, Bay. St. .Io3iissl>ury? Vt. This pleasant and 35 miles N, E. from Montpelier, 57 N. from Hanover, N, H. and 7 E, from Danville. The town was organized in 1790. Population, 1830, 1,592 ; 1838, about Caledonia co. flourishing town , Lincoln co. This township nearly surrounded by water It is is �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. 2,000. the soil The surface is uneven, but generally strong and fertile. In 1837,there were 4,546 sheep in the town. is The amount of available water is great and valuable, indicating its future importance as a site for large manu- power in St. Johnsbury The Passumpsic factories. considerable stream, which bined. river is the estab- lishment ofE. and I. Fairbanks, for the manufacture of their improved platform balances, on an extensive scale also iron works of various kinds, on the other streams. There are three handsome villages in the town: that called the ; Plain, is on elevated ground and near the junction of the streams. This town commands the trade of a considerable portion of country, and these which are neatly an active business. villages, built, enjoy Salem, Me. Somerset tered by a co. This town is v»abranch of Seven Mile Brook, and lies 52 miles N. N. W. from Augusta, and 23 N. W. from Norridgewock. Incorporated, 1823. Population, 1837, 496. This is a good farming town; it produced in 1837, 4,216 bushels of wheat. Salem, li. Salem, Vt. falls into aflbrd a succession of excellent mill seats seldom seen so closely com- Sleeper's tion, in 1830, 1,310. river, a Connecticut river at the foot of Fifteen Mile Falls, passes through the central part of the town from north to south. Moose and Sleeper's rivers unite with the Passumpsic and On ceives in its course numerous branches, and waters the different portions of the town, furnishing also excellent mill privileges. The soil is generally fertile, and the surface uneven. Salem was incorporated by charter, May 11, 1750. Popula- H., Rockingham co., is 30 miles S. from Concord, and 40 S. W. from Portsmouth. Policy pond, partly in this town, and paitly in Windham, is the largest collection of water: World's end pond and Captain pond are in the S. E. and E. parts of the town; and there are other small ponds. The Spiggot river, passing from N. to S. through the town, re'- Orleans co. This is a township of level surface, and tolerable soil; 50 miles N.N. E. from Montpelier and lON.E. from Irasburgh. First 1798. Population, 1830, 230. Clyde river passes through the N. E. part of the town and apart of the south bay of Memphremagog lake lies in the N. W. corner. settled, Salem, Mass., One of the shire towns in Essex CO. This is the oldest and largest seaport but one in old Massacliu- Indian name was JS'^aIt is 14 miles N. N. E. from Boston, and lies in lat. 42° 31' 19" N., and Ion. 70° 54^ W. Population, 1836, 15,002. Salem is nearly surrounded by water, being situated between two inlets of the sea, called the north and south rivers. To the main, and now inhabited part of the town, is attached a peninsular portion of land, called the Neck. This was the first inhabited land, and was formerly used for fishing and other purposes. It ultimately became the pioperty of the town, and was, for a long time, used as a public pasture. In 1816, when the present Alms House was built, a setts. Its umkeag. large portion of it was enclosed, and has since been cultivated as the Alms House farm. The finest and most comprehensive view of Salem may be had from <' Gallows Hill." Its situation is low, but pleasant and healthy. Its streets are quite irregular. Essex is the only street which runs through the town and is very angular and crooked. Federal and Bridge streets are broad, straight and regular. Ches- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. cut is esteemed the handsomest, though it is not the most public street. It has rows of elms on either side. Winter and Broad streets are the widest. was made The tirst pavement Essex street, between Court and North streets, in 1773, and is still in use. The south chui-ch has great architectural beauty, and the north church is built of stone, with a beautiful front of the gothic in There is a Custom House head of Derby wharf. Salem has always been a commercial order. at the 1644, there was make Salem the a strong party to seat of government, but in this attempt, the deputies were defeated. In 1675, Capt. Thomas Lathrop and his company were killed by the Indians, at Bloody Brook. He, with Roger Conant, had removed from Salem to Beverly, in 1668. His company were called the " Flower of Essex," and many of them were from Salem. In 1081, Major William Hawthorne died. He was a leading and infiuential character in his time, It has a convenient harbor speaker, assistant, and good anchorage. In point of having been Vt^calth and commerce, it has al- judge, commissioner of the united ways ranked as the second town in colonies, &c., and having ever showed himself able, faithful, and New England. worthy of confidence. Its history is idcntiiled with that of Massachusetts, and there is much In 1687, William Brown gave a Its farm for the benetit of the schools in it to interest and instruct. rank, the character and number of of Salem. The Brown family were ever great friends and liberal pat its population, its facilities for comThey not only merce, and the advantage of being rons of learning. the chosen residence of many of made donations to the Salem schools, the first and most distinguished set- but also to Harvard College for the benefit of poor scholars. tlers, made it earl}'' and seriously In 1692, the witchcraft delusion thought of as the Capital, instead of Boston. It was first settled in prevailed in Salem, and nineteen 1626, by Roger Conant, Peter Pal- persons were tried and lianged as Though designated " the fray and others, who had failed in witches. an attempt to plant themselves at Salem witchcraft," it had pervaded Cape Ann. In 1628, a cession of other places, previously to its apMassachusetts was made to Sir pearance here. In England, laws Henry Roswell and others, with a had been enacted against it, and Sir view to establish a colony there. Matthew Hale, gave to those laws In 1648, Margaret Of this company, Matthew Cradock his sanction. was President, and in 162S, John Jones was condemned and hanged Endicott was sent over to reside at at Charlestown, and in 1655, Ann Salem as the company's agent, in Hibbins, at Boston. The imputathe same year, the first church v.as tion for a time induced a belief of the reality of the imposition but formed. It has ever been remarkable for its succession of eminent, time finally detected and exposed independent and useful Divines; the eircr. The house, in which among whom, are the Higginsons, the accused were tried, is still standSkelton, Roger Williams, Hugh Pe- ing at the western corner of Essex and North streets, and the place of ters, Noyes, Fiske, Dr. Prince, &c. In 1634, the first general court m.et their execution is now known as Roger Conant was " Gallows Hill." A full and interat Newton. one of the first deputies from Salem. esting account of this delusion of In 1643, Massachusetts was divi- the imagination has been written ded into 4 counties; Essex, Mid- and published by Rev. C. W. Updlesex, Suffolk and Norfolk. In ham. place. ; �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. In 1698, a great fire broke out, several dwelling and destroyed houses. In 1718, the second or east church was built and is still standing. The celebrated Dr. Bentley was pastor of this church. He "wrote a " Description of Salem," which is published in the " Collections of the Mass. Hist. Society." In 1774, General Gage ordered the removal of the general court to Salem. At that time, Boston was a The merchants and closed port. citizens of Salem called a town meeting, at which, resolutions denouncing, in very strong terms, the Boston port bill, were passed unanimously. The meeting was very full, and a copy of their doings was communicated to their neighbors of Boston. On the 11th of June, when Gov. Gage was at Salem, an address, numerously signed, was presented to him, which reflects high honor on the sense of justice and patriotism of this ancient town. Among other things it said, " By shutting up the port of Boston, some imagine that the course of trade mi^ht be turned hither and to our benefit but nature in the formation of our harbor forbids our becoming rivals in commerce to that convenient mart. must And were it otherwise, we be dead to every idea of jus- — lost to feelings of humani— could we indulge one thought tice ty all on wealth and raise ourfortunes on the 7-uin of our suffering neighbors." In 1776, Feb. 26, Col. Leslie, with a British regiment from Boston Castle, landed privately at Salem and proceeded to the North bridge, with a view to seize on some to seize military stores beyond it. The citizens were, at the time, in meeting but Col. Timothy Pickering, with 30 or 40 men, got there in season to raise the draw, and thus prevent Leslie and his regiment from passing further. The British attempted to cross the river in a gondola, but the Americans scuttled the ; Finally, Col. Leslie proposed that if he should be permitted to pass 30 rods beyond the bridge, he would return. Having been permitted, the gallant colonel returned peaceably to Boston. During the revolution, there were about 60 armed vessels fitted out from Salem, manned by 4,000 boat. men and many unrecorded deeds high daring and chivalrous adventure were performed on the sea by citizens of Salem, during that eventful period. Indeed, in her naval achievements consists principally the part which Salem bore in the ; of revolutionary struggle. This seaport has been more known for its East India trade than any other in the United States. The Salem engaged in was the Grand Turk, owned by E. H. Derby. She was at the Cape of Good Hope in 1784, commanded by Capt. Jonathan Ingersoll, and at Canton in 1786, commanded by Ebenezer West. A first ship from this trade model of her, completely rigged, in the Museum. is In 1818, there were 53 vessels employed in this trade belonging to Salem, the tonnage of which was 14,272 tons. Salem became a city in 1836. Its government consists of a mayor and six aldermen, and tv/enty-four common council men. Its public schools are nineteen. The number of scholars in 1837, was 1,534, and the amount paid for instruction ^8,877. The AthencBum was incorporated Edward A. Holyoke, in 1810. William Orne, Nathaniel Silsbee and Samuel Putnam were authorised to call the first meeting of the proprietors. The stock is divided into 90 or 100 shares. Its library contains about 9,000 volumes. The institution, though at present rather private, may ultimately become more public. The Museum is remarkable for the extent and variety of its natural and artificial curiosities, collected from almost every part of the world. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. There are 4,721 names of articles on the catalogue : they are kept in a spacious hall built for that purpose, and belong to the East India Marine society. This society consists of such only as have actually navigated the seas near the Cape of Good Hope or Cape Horn, as inris'eror factor, in 1823, there were l(jO of these enterprising men living in Salem. The hail is open daily for the reception of visitors,and vast numbers of strangers thi-ong there. All come with an eager and excited curiosity, and leave with that curiosity at least gratified, if not satisfied. The commerce Salem is very extended. There is hardly any part of the world which her ships have sels, of The number not visited. engaged in foreign of ves- commerce, 100 or more, and 18 in the whaling business, beside the vessels employed in the coasting trade and fishez-y. Tonnage of the district in 1837, 32,800 tons. Many of the wharves bear the names of their builders and owners: as the Allen, Derby, Peabody, Forester and Phillips' wharf. This last was recently re-built by Stephen C. Phillips, on the ruins of the old Crowninshield wharf, which had is become dilapidated and useless. It an admirable piece of work. Although Salem is without any important water power, and has ever been almost exclusively devoted to maritime pursuits, yet its manufacturing interests are by no means small. During the year ending April 1, 1837, the value of its manufactures amounted to $1,471,889. is They consisted of vessels, cordage, leather, boots, shoes, hats, tin and cabinet wares, chairs, spirits ; white, sheet and pipe lead, carriages, straw bonnets, sperm candles, tobacco, alum, saltpetre refined, aquafortis, muriatic acid,oil of vitriol, &c. The value of its whale, cod and mackerel fisheries, the same year, amounted to $210,843. The Aqueduct different furnishes the city with a constant supply of fresh and soft spring water. The fire department is under good regulations. Some of the societies in the city are the " East India Marine society," incorporated in 1801 the " E. I. M. Hall Corporation," in 1824; the " Salem Charitable Mechanic Association," instituted in 1817, and incorporated, in 1822 the " Essex Historical Society," in 1821, and the " Salem Lyceum," ; which was formed in 1830 The Common was reserved " a training field for the as use of Sa- lem, "in 1713. It is a beautiful, level spot of giound, surrounded by a double row of elm and other ornamental trees, and is designed to have a gravel walk around it. The alms house formerly stood upon it, but it is now entirely unencumbered. The City Hall was built in 1837. It has a beautiful granite front, and is handsomely finished and furnish- ed within. The Rail-Road from Salem to Boston, was opened for travel, August 28, 1838 ; thus making Salem, as it were, a part of Boston. The first stage between these cities was run by Ezra Burrill, in 1782. It went to Boston one day and returned to Salem the next. Now the distance can be easily passed over in 50 minutes; and at the same time, will ride rapidly the traveller through a beautiful and picturesque country. See Register. Among the distinguished men, in almost every profession, which Salem claims as among its sons, the name of Nathaniel Bowditch, LL. D.,F. R. S.,authorofthe PracJVavigator, is identified with fame and nautical achievements. Dr. Bowditch was born at Salem, He was taken March 26, 1773. from school at the age of 10 years and placed as an apprentice to a ship chandler. At the age of 22 tical its �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. he went to sea and spent nine years in the capacity of captain's clerk, supercargo, and finally as master of a ship. In 1804, he became president of a Marine Insurance Company, in Salem, which office he held until 1S23, when his superior talents called him to !)ecom8 Actuary of the Massachusetts Hospital Life Insurance Company, in Boston ; the responsible and laborious duties of which olfice he faithfully discharged until his death, March 16, 1S3S. Notwithstanding his limited means of education. Dr. Bowditch acquired, by his extraordinary genius and economy of time, a perfect knowledge of all the modern languages, and became the most eminent math- ding to thy word last words." ?' These were his Salem, Ct. New London co. This town was taken from the towns of Colchester, Lyme and Montville; but the principal part from Colchester, and incorporated in 1819. It comprises an area of six by five miles of fertile and productive land. The inhabitants are generally good farmers, who live scattered about on their farms. Population, 1830, 958. Salem is well watered by small streams, and is bounded on the N. E. by a large and beautiful pond. It lies 29 miles S. E. from Hartford, and 13 N. W. from New London. ematician and astronomer in AmerSalisbury, K". H., The Practical JVavigator, has been translated into every EuropeMerrimack co., lies 15 miles N. an language, and its use is co-exten- from Concord. Black water i-iver sive with maritime adventures. passes through the W. part of SalisAnother work of Dr. Bowditch, bury. There are 5 bridges across places his name, as a man of science, this stream in this town. The soil still higher on the roil of fame. of the upland is strong, deep and It is his translation of the Jilecanique loamy the hilly land affords some Celeste of La Place, with an elab- fine tracts of tillage, but chiefly orate and copious commentary on abounds in excellent pasturage. On that work, in four large quarto vol- Blackwater river, there is some veumes. This work was completed ry fertile intervale, which united just before his death. with the adjacent hilly land, comThe last hours of such a man as poses several very valuable farms. Dr. Bowditch, cannot fiiil to be inconsiderable portion of Kearsargc teresting, as they mark his charac- mountain ranges within the bounds ter through life. friend of his of Salisbury, the N. W. corner who was present, says, " lie did not bound of \vhich extends nearly to like to see those about him look sad the summit. There are two very and gloomy ; and he remarked, on pleasant villages in this town, situone occasion, I feel no gloom with- ated on the 4th N. H. turnpike in me why should you wear it in about 1 1-2 miles apart. your faces r' On the morning of Salisbury was incorporated by his death, when his sight was very charter from the government of N. dim and his voice almost gone, he H., March 1, 1763, when it took called his children to his bed side, the name ofSalisbury.lt was settled and, arranging them in the order as early as 1750. The first settlers of age, pointed to and addressed were Philip Call, Nathaniel Meloon, each by name, ' You see I can dis- Benjamin Pettcngill, John and Ebtinguish you all and now I give enezer Webster, Andrew Bohonyou my parting blessing. The time non, Edward Eastman, and others. ' Lord, now is come. lettest thou The first inhabitants experiencod thy servant depart in peace, accor- the inroads of the Indians. On the ica. ; A A ' ; ; �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. 1753, Nathaniel Me- tains some rough land, and some W. part of the excellent meadows. It is watered town, was captured, together with by Otter Creek, Middlebury and his wife, and three children, viz Leicester rivers. The latter river Sarah, Rachel, and Daniel. They atfords a good water power, which were carried to Canada, where he propels a number of valuable manuand his wife were sold to the French facturing establishments. Leicesin Montreal. The three children ter river is the outlet of Lake Dunwere kept by the Indian*. more, a fine sheet of water, about After the parents had resided four miles in length, and three in Montreal about a year and a fourths of a mile in width. This half, they had a son born, who was lake lies in Leicester and Salisbubaptized by a French friar by the ry. There is a pleasant and flourname of Joseph Mary. Mr. Me- ishing village in the town, and a loon returned from captivity after large cavern supposed to have been four years and a half, to his farm in an Indian lodging place. SalisbuSalisbury. Sarah died with the In- ry lies 34 miles S. W. from Montdians. Rachel, who was 9 years peiier, and is bounded N. by Midold when captured, returned after dlebury. Population, 1830, 907. 9 years. She had become much Salisbury, Mass. attached to the Indians, was about Essex CO. to be married to Peter Louis, son of In 1633, this town Col. Louis, of Cognawaga. She was granted, by the name of Merhad the habits, and acted like an rimack, to be a plantation, unto SiIndian, understood the Indian lan- mon Bradstieet, Daniel Dennison, guage and could sing their songs. and others. The year following it Hon. Ebenezer Webster was was incorporated by the name of one of the early settlers; a patiiot Colchester, and in 1640 assumed, by of the revolution an officer of the direction of the then general court, militia ; for several years a senator the name of Salisbury. It is seven in the legislature, and a judge of by three miles in extent, and is the court of common pleas till his bounded southerly by the river death in 180G. He was the father Merrimack, westerly by Pov/ow of the Hon. Ezexiel and Dan- river, which divides it from the iel, Webster, names well known town of Amesbury, northerly by throughout the country. Popula- the New Hampshire line, which separates it from the towns of South tion, in 1S30, 1,379. Hampton and Seabrook, and easterSalisbury, Vt. ly by the sea. Addison co. The widow of Amos In 1G43, the plantation in Story, with S or 10 small children, Hampshire, viz. Hampton, Exeter, was the first family that made Salis- Portsmouth and Dover, were united bury a permanent residence. She to Massachusetts, and, together came here in 1775, and endured with Salisbury and Haverhill, formevery hardship incident to the life ed into a new and distinct county, of a pioneer; chopping down tim- called Norfolk, of which Salisbury ber, clearing the land, laboring in was the shire tov/n, and so continthe field, and sleeping in a cavern. ued to the year 1679, when New Mr. Story, Avas killed by the falling Hampshire was again separated and of a tree previous to the removal formed into a royal government. In of his family. The proprietors gave August, 1737, commissioners, apMrs. Story 100 acres of land for pointed by the crown, met at Hampher manly conduct. The soil of ton falls, for the purpose of settling the town is generally good ; it con- a controversy, respecting the boun- 16th of May, loon, living in the : ; New �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. dary line, which had long subsisted Salisbury) Ct. between the two governments of Massachusetts On shire. court of al vened at and New Hamp- this occasion the gener- New Hampshire conHampton, and that of Massachusetts at Salisbury. Salis- from Newburyport, 4 miles, from Haverhill 12, from Exeter, N, H. 10, and from Portsmouth bury 20. distant is Population, in 1837, 2,675. There are two considerable vil- the largest is at lages in Salisbury the westerly part of the town, upon Powow river at the head of tide water. The village is divided by said river into two pretty equal parts, one in Salisbury, the other In that part of the in Amesbury. village that lies in Salisbury, are ; flannel factories, one 200 feet long and .50 feet wide, the other 100 feet by 40 feet. The establishment is called, the Salisbury ManufacCapital $500,turing Coi-poration. two 000. There is also in this village a large tannery, and manufactures of cotton goods, shoes, combs, boats, wherries and molasses casks. The other village is pleasantly situated on the bank of the Merrimack, on a point of land formed by the junction of that river with the generally known by of IVehstcr's Point. Shipbuilding long has been, and still is, a principal branch of business in this place and its character is well established for building excellent vessels. There are now nine sail of vessels owned in Powow ; and is the distinctive name ; and employed paitly in the coasting trade, and partly in the cod and mackerel fishery. The annual product of the manufactures of Salisbury, including vessels, and of the tishery, is about this village $500,000. Salisbury and Amesbury are finely located for business; the villages are neat and the scenery around Salisbitry them very pleasant. Beach is noted for its beauty, and is much frequented. 32 The Housatonick Litchfield co. and Salmon rivers give this town a great and constant water power. The surface of Salisbury is formed of lofty elevations and deep valleys ; but the soil is excellent for and pasturage. The valleys are generally limeThe stone, and the hills granite. number of sheep kept here in 1837, all sorts of grain was 8,999. " Salisbury Centre," a pleasant village, is 53 miles N. W. from New Haven, 50 W. N. W. from Hartford, 22 N. W. from Litchfield, and 34 N. W. by Vv. from Hudson, Population, 1830, 2,580. N. Y. The Indian name of the town was Weatog. It was first settled by the whites in 1720. Salisbury has long been celebrated for its excellent iron ore and The guns on manufactures. board our favorite frigate, " Old Iron Sides," used by "Truxton in the capture of the L'Insurgente, were made at the old furnace in iron Salisbury. The "Old Ore Hill,'* two miles west of Wanscopommuc lake, has been worked since the year 1732. Within the last 10 or 15 years, from five to six thousand tons of ore have The ore is been dug annually. One sold at the mine for $3 a ton. dollar and twenty-five cents is paid to the proprietor of the mine, and The first the residue to the miner. furnace in Salisbury was erected in 1762, at the outlet of Wanscopommuc, by S. and E. Forbes, Mr. Hazeltine, and Ethan Allen, the large hero of Ticonderoga. A amount of cannon, balls, and bombshells were manufactured here during the revolutionary war. The large and inexhaustible quantities of iron ore found in Salisbury, and the abundant supply of wood for charcoal, and other materials necessary for smelting the ore, together with the superior quality �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. of iron, introduced other manufactures ; and iron has continued from that time the staple commodity of There are at present the town. in Salisbury, 4 blast furnaces, 5 forges, with 20 fires, 2 puddling establishments, 1 screw shop, 1 anchor shop, 2 scythe manufactories, 1 hoe manufactory, 2 trip hammers, 2 cupola or pocket furnaces, for small castings. From five to six bushels of consumed hundred thousand charcoal are annually at the different establish- ments. The puddling furnaces require from two to three thousand ords ol wood annually. The number of workmen employed in the different processes of preparing the material and manufacturing the iron, amount in all to about five hundred men. The furnaces produce annually from two thousand to two thousand five hundred tons of pig iron. The forges and puddling establishments annually produce from one thousand two hundred to one thousand five hundred tons of wrought iron, which is used for anchors, car axletrees, musket barrels, and various other kinds of drafts. The Salisbury iron ore is the brown hematite, and yields about forty per cent of pig iron. It is well and stands known to manufacturers, as fair in the any other iron market as in the country. Salmon Rivers. the bank not more than three rods. It is called the flume, and is about four rods in length, its breadth varying from two and one half feet to less than one foot ; but here the water has a subterraneous passage. In the rocks are many cavities from one to seven feet in diameter, mostly cylindrical, and from one to four feet in depth. Salmon Brook. See JVashua, H. Salmon river, Connecticut. This JV. beautiful mill stream has its source in the high lands in Tolland county, and passing south, receiving in its course many valuable tributaries, it meets the Connecticut at East Haddam, producing a beautiful cataract. There is a river of this name in Salisbury, Ct. Sanboriitoii, N. II., Strafford co., has New Hampton and Meredith on the N.,Gilmanton E. and S. E., Franklin S. and W., and is 20 miles N. from Concord, 60 N. W. from Portsmouth, and 9 W. from Gilford. The bay between Sanbornton and Meredith is 3 miles in width. There are no rivers or ponds of magnitude in this town. Salmon Brook pond, in the N. part, and a brook of the same name, its outlet, are the only ones worth mentioning. This brook passes through the N. W. part of the town, and affords several mill sites. Salmon river, in Maine, is a trib- utary to the Penobscot, of about 30 miles in length. Its course is S., and falls into the Penobscot about 4 miles below the union of the eastern and western branches of that river. Maine and See PiscataIn this river, between Roqua. chester and Lebanon, Maine, is a fall, which, from its singularity, Salmon Fall river, JVew Hampshire. deserves notice. The river is conrocks, about 25 feet high, the breadth at the top of fined between two Sanbornton presents an uneven surface, but contains no mountains. The highest hills, with one or two exceptions, admit of cultivation. The soil is almost universally good, and well rewards the labor of paThere is a gulf in tient industry. town extending nearly a mile through very hard rocky ground, 3S feet in depth, the walls from 80 to 100 feet asunder, and the sides so nearly corresponding as to favor an opinion that they were once united. There is also a cavern in the declivity of a hill, which may be this �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. entered in a horizontal direction to the distance of 20 feet. This town was once the residence of a powerful tribe of Indians, or at least a place where they resorted for de- On I'eacc. the Winnepisiogee, at ted township at the S. E. corner of the county, on the line of Connec ticut. It is watered by a pleasant stream, a branch of Farmington riv er. The soil is generally good, particularly for pasturage. Consid- the head of Little hay, are found the remains of an ancient tortifica- cble wool It consisted of six walls, one extending along the river, and across a point of land into the bay, and ned. tion. the others in right angles, connected by a circular wall in the rear. Traces of these walls are yet to be seen, though most of the stones, &c. of which they were composed have been removed to the dam thrown place. across the river at this Within the fort have been found numbers of Indian relics, implements, &,c., and also on an island When the first settlers of Sanbornton arrived, these walls were breast high, and large oaks were growing within their enclosure. in the bay. This town was settled in 1765 and 1766, by John Sanborn, David Duston, Andrew Rowen and othIt was incorporated in 1770. Population, 1830, 2,866. ers. co. The people of town are favored with mounand with crystal streams which even the Bostonians might Shettarack and Bald mounrelish. this Sandisfield is 124 miles W. by from Boston, 18 S. E. by S, from Lenox, and 38 E. from Hudson, N. Y. Incorporated, 1762. Population, S. 1837, 1,493. gaudoAvu, IV. II.} Rockingham co., is bounded N. by Chester and Poplin, E. by Danville, S. by Hampstead, W. by Chester and Londonderry. It is 31 miles S. E. from Concord, and 26 S. W\ from Portsmouth. The surface of this town is rather uneven, but the soil in general is well adapted to the production of grain and Phillip's pond, lying in the grass. S. part of the town, is the largest, being about 340 rods long, 200 wide. Angle pond, in the S. E. part of this town, is about 200 rods long, and 90 or 100 wide. There are several other smaller ponds. Squam- scot river flows from Phillip's pond, Santlgate, Vt. Bennington is grown in this town, and a laige amo'int of leather tan- tain air, and pursues a nearly level course 1-2 miles, where another for 1 stream unites with it from this junction, whenever the waters are high, the current passes back with considerable force towards the pond. The settlement of Sandown was commenced about the year 1736, by Moses Tucker, and others. : N. W. part of the town Spruce and Equinox are in Red mountain is in the the N. E. S. E., and Swearing hill in the S. The town was originally a part of W. Between these elevations is Kingston, and was incorporated, some good land, which produces 1756. Population, in 1830, 553. tains are in the ; ; and which, with grass and grain the mountain browse, affords feed for more than 7,000 sheep. Sandgate was chartered in 1761. It is 20 miles N. from Bennington, and 31 S. by W. from Rutland. Population, 1830, 933. ; Saudisfield, Mass. Berkshire co. This is an eleva- Saudwicli, Strafford miles N. N. and about 50 co. TH. II. Sandwich is 70 W. from Portsmouth, N. from Concord. This town was originally granted by Gov. Benning Wentworth, in 1763, and comprised 6 miles square. On the 5th Sept. 1764, upon the representation of the grantees that the �NEW ENGLAND N. and W. sides thereof were " so loaded with inaccessible mountains and shelves of rocks as to be uninhabitable" an additional grant was made of territory on the E. and S., — GAZETTEER. New England crown glass has been fully tested and found to be as clear and stronger than any other now in use. Sandwich has a good harbor, and about 20 sail of coasting and fishing vessels. the called Smidwich Addition. Sandwich mountains are a lofty range It is proposed to unite Massachu extending N. E. and terminating in setts and Bi'zzard's bays by a ship Chocorua Peak in Albany. Squam canal through this town, the dis- mountain, extending from Holderness through a corner of Campton into Sandwich, is of considerable height. There are other mountains. The Bearcamp river, its branches rising in the mountains N. and W., passes E. into Tarn worth. The W. tance miles and the route glancs at Mr. Hale's excellent map of New England, shows most conclusively, the immense advantages to be derived by such a work. five is A level. Sandy Bay, Mai»%. branch passes through Bearcamp pond. There is another pond not See Gloucester. far distant from this, from which issues Red Hill river, passing S. into the Winnepisiogee lake. small stream passes Vv. into the Pemige- The most northern extremity of A wasset river. About one Nantucket Island, on which light, is a 60 feet in height. fourth of Squam lake lies in the S. W. corner of Sandwich. This is a flourishing town with a number of mills. Thirty thousand pounds of maple sugar was made here 1838. Sandy Point, Mass. in the spring of Population, 1830, 2,744. SaudAvicIi, Mass. Barnstable co. This town is very pleasantly situated on the shoulder of Cape Cod, 12 miles S. W. from Bai-nstable, 30 E. from New Bedford, and 53 S. E. from Boston. Incorporated, 1639. Population, 1830,3,367; 1837, 3,579. Sandwich is watered by a number of streams which afford a good water power; and by numerous ponds, «ome of which are large, affording a variety of excellent fish. The forests afford an abundance of deer, and to the lovers of rural sports, Sandwich and the neighboring towns of Barnstable and Falmouth have justly become favorite resorts. The value of the manufactures of the town for the year ending April 1, 1837, amounted to $382,248. They consisted of glass, ($300,000) leather, nails, vessels, salt, iron castings, stoves, &c. The value of Sandy River, Me. This valuable mill stream rehead waters in the county of Franklin, near Saddleback mountain, and in a winding course through the southern part of that county it enters Somerset county aud mingles with the Kennebec at Starks, 37 miles above Augusta. Sandy river is a fertilizing stream; ceiver, its it receives a number of tributaries, and waters a beautiful portion of the state. Its length is about 45 miles. San ford. Me. York Sanford is watered by it has a good water power, and an establishment for the CO. Mousum river; manufacture and printing of cotton Incorporated, 1768. Pop- goods. ulation, 1837, 2,324. S. W. from Augusta, from Portland, and W, by Alfred It is 35 is 94 miles W. S. bounded W. S. Sangerville, Me. Piscataquis co. This beautiful and thriving town is not mountainous, but it is so elevated between Penobscot and Kennebec rivers tha* �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. the waters of its ponds meet the ocean by both of those streams. Sangerville is 70 miles N. W. from Augusta, and is bounded by Dover Incorporated, 1814. on the W. Population, crop, I.S37, Wheat 1,115. same year, 10,792 bushels. tude and breadth aforesaid, to the South Sea." In 1635, they appointed Mr. John Winthrop, a son of the governor of Massachusetts, to build a fort on Connecticut river, and appointed him governor for one year. In the Saugatuck. River^ Ct. summer of 1639, Colonel George Fenwick,one of the patentees, arrived from England, and in See Westport. honor of Lord Say and Seal, and Saugus, Mass. Lord Brook, gave the tract about Essex CO. Saugus was taken from the mouth of Connecticut river, the Lynn in 1815, and derives its name name of Saybrook. Colonel Fenfrom the Indian name of the river wick superintended the affairs of the That colony until 1644, when, his associwhich passes through it. river is exceedingly crooked in its ates having relinquished the design course, and forms large tracts of of removal to America, sold tiie jumeadow. The uplands are uneven risdiction of Saybrook to the ConIt lies 10 miles S. W. and rocky. necticut colony. from Salem, and 9 N. by E. from The original limits of the town Population, 1837, 1,123. Boston. extended upon the east side of the The value of the manufactures river for several miles, and included of Saugus, the year ending April 1, a part of the town of Lyme. Tlfe They township now comprises three par1837, was about $200,000. consisted of shoes, (.$150,000) choco- ishes, viz Saybrook, Westbrook, late, morocco leather, snuff, cigars, and Essex. Saybrook parish is the : wool cleaning, and woolen dyeing. bricks, silk and Savoy, Mass. Berkshire co. Savoy is an elevatownship, and gives rise to branches of Deerfield and Hoosack rivers. The land is generally good, and pastures a considerable number of sheep. It lies 125 miles W. N. W. from Boston, and 20 N. N. E. Incorporated, 1797. from Lenox. Population, 1837, 917. ted and tracts of rich Middlesex co. This is one of the most ancient towns in the state. Lord Say and Seal, Lord Brook and other gentlemen in England, dissatisfied with the govej-nment of Charles I., contemplating a removal to this country, procured, in 1632, of Robert, Earl of Warwick, a paall the country " which lies west from Narraganset river, a hundred and twenty miles on the sea coast; and from thence in lati- 32* There are, uneven and stony. however, some extensive levels, soil, in the vicinity of Saybroolc, Ct. tent of southeast section of the town. The Indian name for this place was Pattaqnasset. West of this is Westbrook parish, which w^as called by its Indian name Pochaiig, until OcNorth of these two tober, 1810. parishes is Pautapoug or Essex. Saybrook is upwards of 7 miles in length from north to south, and averages more than 6 in breadth. The greater part of the township is Saybrook village, particularly southern part of the town. of the hills, near Connecticut river, have good granite quarries. There are several small harbors on the Sound, and on Connecticut river, at Saybrook point and Pautapoug. The bar at the mouth of the in the Some Connecticut is an impediment to vessels of a moderate draught are often obliged to pass it The with part of their cargoes. depth of water at the bar, at spring navigation; �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Sayabout twelve feet. brook harbor is at the mouth of a handsome cove, making up from Connecticut river, and extending west almost to Saybrook village. It is often resorted to by coasters in bad To this place the river weather. is open through the winter, and it is here that vessels are frequently laid up, and goods deposited, while the river is frozen over above. Large quantities of fish are taken in this town. The shad fisheries are numerous, and a source of conConnecticut rivsiderable wealth. er shad are considered superior to White any other in this country. fish are taken upon the shores of the Sound, and are very valuable They for the purposes of manure. tides, is are afforded at a cheap rate ; the lightest soils, enriched by them, have produced forty bushels of rye to the acre, and they have an equally advantageous effect upon the growth of corn and potatoes. Saybrook village is 40 miles S. S. E. New from Hartford, 34 E. from \V. from New Haven, and 18 London. Population, 1830, 5,018. Besides the business in navigation, the fishery, ship building and quarrying of stone, there are many manufacturing establishments in the several villages in this town. Among the articles manufactured, are augers, gimlets, hammers, steel carriage springs, ivory and iron combs, ink stands, sand boxes, &,c. The Borough of Essex is about 7 miles from the mouth of Connecticut river, on the west side. It is a place of considerable commerce, navigation and ship building, with a population of about 1,000. Ship building was commenced in 1740, on the Pochaug, and is still a leading branch of business in the place. There are at present about 15 vessels owned here, principally coasters. It is estimated that there are 1,200 inhabitants in its limits. Saybrook point is a peninsula, circular in its form, and connected with the main land by a narrow neck, over which the tide sometimes flows. From this place to the fort, on the eastern extremity of the peninsula, the distance is about one mile. On the neck, a palisado was anciently formed from the river to the cove, to secure Saybrook point from any sudden incurIndians. The soil oa is light and sandy, elevation of the highest sion of the the peninsula and the Being is about twenty feet. nearly destitute of trees and shrubbery, it presents to the beholder a bleak and naked aspect. The land on the point was laid out with care, as it was expected to part become the residence of great men, and the centre of great business and wealth. It is said that Oliver Cromwell, with other men then equally distinguished, actually em- barked in the Thames, to occupy this ground. Westward of the fort a square was laid out, on which it was intended houses should be erected for Cromwell, Pymm, Hasselrig, and Hampden, the most illustrious Commoners in the English annals, who were expected from Europe ; while a square still further west was reserved for public uses. About half way between the palisado was erected the first building designed scliool, since for the collegiate named Yale College. This institution was founded in 1700, and remained at Saybrook 17 years. The building was one story in height, and about eighty feet in length. Some remains of the cellar, " over which the ploughshare has passed," are still Fifteen visible. com- mencements were held at Saybrook. More than sixty young men were graduated, most the ministry, and came characters usefulness and educate young of whom entered some of them be- of distinguished To excellence. men of piety and ministry, was the the leading design of this institution. It was desired by the founders and talents for �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. others, that have the churches should a public standard or confession of faith, agreeable to which the instruction of the college should be conducted. This led to the adoption of the Sayhrook Platform, after the commencement iu 170S. David Gardiner, was the first white child born in Connecticut. The following was written upon a blank leaf of an old bible, in possgssion of John G. Gardiner, Esqr., of Gardiner's Island, N. Y. " In the ye-AY of our Lord, 1635, the 10th of July, came I, Lion Gardiner and Mary my wife from Wor- den, a town in Holland, where my wife was born, being the daughter of one Diricke Willemson deureant her mother's name was Hachir, and her aunt, sister of her mother, was the wife of Wouter Leanerdson, old burger Muster, dwelling in the hostrade, over against the Bruser in the Unicorne's head ; her brother's name was Punce GarretWe son, also old burger Muster. came from Worden to London, and from thence to New England, and dwelt at Saybrook fort four years it is at the mouth of Connecticut — of which I was commander, and there was boi-n unto me a son, river named David, 1635, the 29th of born in that place, and 1638 a daughter was born, named Mary, SOth of August, and then I went to an island oi^ my own, which I had bought and purchased April, the first of the Indians, called by them Monchonack, by us Isle of "Wight, and there was born another daughter, named Elizabeth, the 14th September, 1641, she being the first child of English parents that was born there." Saybrook is a very pleasant town, and full of interesting associations. S&xtou's River, Vt., Is formed in Grafton, Windham county, traverses an eastern course about 10 miles, and falls into the Connecticut at Rockingham. It an excellent mill stream, and derived its name from a Mr. Saxton, who was drowned near its is mouth. Scantic River, Ct« See East Windsor. Scarborougli, Me. Cumberland co. This town lies 105 miles N. E. from Boston, and W. from Augusta. It con30,634 acres of land, and a population of 2,244. part of this town, called Black point, lying upon the sea, was granted by the council of Plymouth to Thomas Cammock, in 1631 this was soon after settled, and became of considerable importance on the coast in the fisheries and trade. The land is held under that ancient grant at the present day. Another settlement was early made by a family of Algers, from England, near the centre of the town, and 60 S. tains A Duastan corner, which name This was wholly debears. stroyed in the Indian war of 1675. It was, however, revived by a de- called it still scendant in the female line, through whom that race is still perpetuated. Scarborough is principally an agricultural town, for which purpose it furnishes some rich soil, and has a large quantity of salt marsh. Ship building, however, continues to be pursued here, although not to Nouthe extent it formerly was. suck river passes through the whole Its present length of the town. name was given to it in 1658, when it submitted to the government of JNIassachusetts ; previously the eastern side of the river and Marsh was called Black point, and the western. Blue point, names which are still in familiar use. This town has the honor of being the birth place of the distinguished statesman Rufus King, and his King, half brother, the first governor of Maine. William �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Sclioodic IJakes, Me. These are large collections of water, of very irregular form, united together, by boatable passages, lying principally in Washington county, but extending west into the Their outcounty of Penobscot. let is by a large stream of the same name, into the river Saint Croix, on the west side, of about 9 miles These lakes cover a in length. large surface, they are navigable for large boats, and their borders, and indeed the whole country around them, are densely wooded. Vast quantities of timber and lumber descend from these watei-s to the St. Andrews, Eastport and Lubec markets, on the Passamaquoddy. Scitiiate, Plymouth North This town, the co. Indian Satuit, Mass. lies at the mouth of Massachusetts bay, and has a convenient harbor,defended by rocky clifts, and Ceader Point, on which is a Light house. The JVorth River rises near the sources of the Taunton. It passes Pembroke, Hanover and Marshthe tide water field, and meets here. Tliis river is very deep, narrow and crooked, and is noted for the fine ships built on its banks. The manufactures of Scituate conriver, in of leather, boots, shoes, tacks, vessels, &.c. The value of vessels annually built is about $40,000. Scituate is 17 miles S. E. by S* from Boston and 20 N. W. by N. from Plymouth. First settled, 1633, Population, Incorporated, 1637. 1830, 3,470 1837, 3,754. The first settled minister in this town was the Rev. Charles ; Chaujvcy. He remained here twelve years previous to his becoming the second president of Harvard College. Rev. Thomas Clapp, president of Yale College, was born in this He graduated at town, in 1703. Harvard College in 1722, and died in 1767. Scituate, R. Providence co. This town was of Providence until 1731, a part when it was incorporated. It lies 12 miles W. by S. from Providence, and, in 1830, had 3,394 inhabitants. The surface of the town is diversiin the fied by hills and valleys north part of the town the soil is a gravelly loam, better adapted to Pawtuxet grazing than tillage. river with several of its branches give Scituate a good water power, and large manufactories, particularly of cotton and wool are found on There is a valuable their banks. quarry of free-stone in the western part of the town. : gealbrook) N. H.j sist These vessels are of superior mechanism, and are built of native white oak, remarkable for its durability. sels There are belonging a number to this of ves- town employ- in the merchant service and coasting trade. During the year ending April 1, 1837, Scituate had 22 vessels engaged in the fishery they took 6,500 barrels of mackerel, valued at $46,000. The town extends back from the bay a considerable distance it contains large tracts of salt meadow and some valuable upland. ed : ; 1. Rockingham co., is situated at the E. corner of the state, 17 miles S. S. W. from Portsmouth, and 7 S. N. from Newburyport, bounded N. by Hampton Falls, E. by the Atlantic, 3. by Massachusetts, W. by South Hampton and Kensington. It was formerly a part of Hampton Falls, and was granted, 1768, to Jonathan Weare and others. Settlements commenced here in 1638. The rivers are Black, Many Brown's and Walton's of the rivulets abound This town with bog ore of iron. derives its name from the number of rivers and rivulets meandering through it. Whale-boat building is rivers. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. most important manufacture, and is carried on to a greater extent than in any other town in New EngThe larger part of the male land. inhabitants are mechanics and seamen. Perhaps no town in the state is better situated for carrying on the Bay and Labrador fisheries than Seliago, the this. Population, in 1S30, 1,096. geaconuet Rocks, R. Searsburgli, Vt. Searsburgh is Bennington co. too elevated on the Green Mounpopulation, or wool growing. It has 40 inIt is 11 habitants, and 41 sheep. miles E. from Bennington. tains either for cultivation, Searsmont, Me« Waldo Searsmonthas a good CO. and some beautiful ponds. It is a pleasant and flourishing town, 30 miles E. from Augusta, and 12 Population, S. W. from Belfast. soil, Wheat crop, same 1837, 1,392. year, 2,792 bushels. Me. This town was incorporated in 1838, and comprises a part of the island and town of Mount Desert, and Bartlett's, Robinson's, Hardwood and other smaller islands on the coast. Hancock co. Sebago Cumberland Ijake, Me. This is a beauful sheet of water, about 12 miles in length, and of various breadths. The widest part is across from Baldwin It reto Raymond, about 7 miles. ceives the waters of Long and several other ponds, and of Crooked river, at and from the north. It discharges into Casco bay, at Falmouth, by the Presumpscot. The Cumberland and Oxford canal, completed in 1829, passes from this lake to Portland, and is the channel of co. considerable inland trade. Cumberland co. This town lies between Sebago lake and Hancock pond, and was taken from Baldwin in 1S26. It lies 87 miles S. W. by W. from Augusta, and 30 N. W. from Portland. It has a good soil and is watered by small streams. Population, 1837, 646. I., Or Point. See Little Compion. Seaville, Me. Sebasticook Ri-rer, Me. This valuable mill stream rises in Sangerville, Dover and Dexter, on the border of Penobscot and Piscataquis counties; it passes S. E. and S. through Ripley, Harmo- ny, Hartland and Palmyra to Chandlerville it then runsS. W. through Burnham and falls into the Kennebec between Clinton and Winslow, opposite to Waterville. This stream receives several tributaries ; it is about 50 miles in length; it has num.erous falls and passes through a delightful country. ; Sebec, Me. Sebec is a townPiscataquis co. ship of good soil, and is well watered by Sebec Sebec Pond and river, outlet, into the its which empties Piscataquis, on the north side, in This town lies the town of Milo. 87 miles N. N. E. from Augusta, Inand 9 N. N. E. from Dover. corporated, 1812. Population, 1837, 987. Wheat crop, same year, 7,650 bushels. Sebec Pond lies in the towns of Sebec, Foxcroft and Bowerbank it about 10 miles long, and about a mile average breadth. Its outlet is a good mill stream of about 10 miles in length. The country around these waters is fertile and heavily timbered, and the scenery pictui*esque and beautiful. : is Seboois Ijakes and River, Me. SeJboois Lakes are connected sheets of water, of irregular form, of about 15 miles in length, varying �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. width from half a mile to a mile They lay near the and a half. Aroostook and constitute the head waters of the eastern branch of PeSeboois River is nobscot river. their outlet. See Penobscot River. eastern direction, about 35 miles, afTording mill privileges to the towns of Kingfield and Portland, in New and mingles with the Kennebec at Anson, 40 miles N. E. from Augusta. Seymour Lake, Sedgwick, Me. Hancock Sedgwick on the west side of Blue Hill bay, 87 miles E. from Augusta, and about 25 S. by W, from Ellsworth. Incorporated, 1789. Population, 1837, This town has good harbors 1,784. and enjoys great privileges for navco. Bennington co. This town lies between the Battenkill and Walloomsac, and gives some ; Seekoulc, Mass. watered by Seekonk, or Pawtucket river, also by Ten mile river, a good mill SliapleigSi, stream. It lies 41 miles S. from Boston, 4 E. by N, from Providence, R. I., and 14 S. W. from Me. York CO. Between Shapleigh and Acton are some pleasant ponds, the source of Mousum river which empties into the sea at Kennebunk. A bed of rich bog iron ore has recent- Taunton. It was taken from Rehoboth in 1812. Population, 1837, 2,016. There are three cotton mills in the town, which constitute the principal manufactures; the annual value of which is about ^80,000. ly been discovered in the town, which promises great usefulness. The surface of the town is generand the soil favorable for the growth of wool, grass, wheat Here are iron and other grain. works and other manufactures. Shapleigh was incorporated, 1785. ally level, Seven Mile Bi^ook, Me. ; those rivers Populafion, 1830, 2,143. Among the first settlers was the Hon. Jonas Galusha, late governor of the state. He was a captain in the militia in 1777, and commanded a company of the " Green mountain boys," at the battle of Bennington. Although the surface of Shaftsbury is elevated, the soil is generally of an excellent quality it feeds 12,000 sheep, and its products of beef cattle and of the dairy are considerable. There are valuable beds of iron ore in the town, pine timber and quarries of beautiful marble. It has a number of manufacturing concerns on its small streams, a pleasant village and a school fund of $10,000, New This stream rises by several branches in the counties of Somerset and Franklin it runs in a south- to West mountain in this town and Arlington. Shaftsbury lies 97 miles S. S. W. from Montpelier, and 8 N. from First settled, 1763. Bennington. business. The soil of the town is not so productive as that more distant from the sea, still it is abundantly able to supply its own people with bread stuffs and all the varieties of fruits and vegetables comEngland climate. mon to a This town was named in honor of Theodore Sedgwick, an eminent statesman and jurist, a senator to Congress, and for many years a judge of the supreme court of Massachusetts. He died at Boston in 1813, aged QG, highly valued by his friends and country. is tributaries. lies ing trade and fishery, and ship building is an important branch of This town Vt. Sliaftslt>ury, igation. A number of vessels are owned here employed in the coast- Bristol CO. "Vt. See Charleston. lies | �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Population, 1837, 1,517. It is 103 miles S. W. trom Augusta, and 6 N. W. from Alfred. Sliarou, N. H., Hillsborough co., is bounded N. by Peterborough, E. by Temple, S. by New Ipswich and Rindge, and W. by JafFrey. It is 18 miles W. by S. and 24 N. by E. from Providence, R. I. Population, 1837, 1,093. Sliaron, Ct. Litchfield co. Sharon lies on the west side of Housatonick river, opposite to Cornwall. The eastern part of the town is elevated, mountainous, and stony, but is suited for grazing: the western part, which borders on the state of York, is a fertile tract of undulating land, and very productive of all sorts of grain. Agriculture is the chief business of the inhabitants they from Amherst, and 48 S. S.W. from Concord. The streams in Sharon are New small branches of Contoocook river, and rise near the S. E. corner of the town. Boundary mountain lies on the line between this town and Temple, and has an elevation of provide for about 10,000 sheep. 200 feet above the surrounding Population 1830, 2,615. country. Sharon was first settled in 1739. Sharon was incorporated, : 1791. Population, in 1830, 271. co. White village on one Sliaroii, Vt. Windsor The river passes through Sharon and affords it an abundant water power. Here are mills for the manufacture of woolen goods, paper and other articles. It contains a handsome and flourishing village. The surface of the is broken, but the soil is warm and productive. It keeps about 5,000 sheep. Sharon was first settled in 1763. Population, 1330, It lies 22 miles N. from 1,459. Windsor, and 34 S, by E. from town Montpelier. Sliarou, Mass. CO. Mashapoag pond in town is one of the sources of Neponset i-iver. Sharon has a good water power one woolen and two cotton mill^^. There are also man- Norfolk this ; ufactures of axes, bed-steads, straw bonnets, leather, boots, shoes, wool cards, machinery, joiners' gages, &c. annual value, about .$75,000. Sharon is a very pleasant town the scenery around Mashapoag, the Indian name of the place, i-> highly pleasing. There is good fishing in this pond. This town was incorporated, in 1765. It is 18 miles S. S. W. from Boston, 8 S. from Dedham, : ; is situated principally on the eastern side of a beautiful valley, IG miles W. N. W. from Litchfield, and 47 W. by N. from Hartford. There is a beautiful village called " Hitchcock's Corner," partly in Sharon and partstreet, ly in the state of New York : this situated in a beautiful valley, and rich in agricultural resources. " Considerable numbers of the Indians resided in the western and northwestern parts of the town, v/hich are watered by two large ponds, and by the Ten Mile river, which touches the western borders of the town. Their principal village was on the east side of the Indian j)ond, so called, which is a body of water lying partly in the state of York, and partly in Connecticut. On a romantic and beautiful plain, lying between this pond on the v/est, and the Indian Mountain, on the east, was a numerous village, where the natives continued to reside for many years after the whites came into the town. This tribe was visited by the Moravian missionaries, and one of them He died and was buried there. died in 1749, and a plain stone was placed over his grave, with the following inscription " David Bruce of Edinburgh in also is New �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Scotland, Minister of The Brethren's Church among the Indians. Depart'd 1749." This town took an active part in favor of the liberties of the country- " The approach of a large British array from Canada, under General Burgoyne, and the expedition up the North River, under General Vaughan, in 1777, filled the whole country with terror and despondency, and created strong fears and doubts as to the issue of the controversy the firmness and confidence of Parson Smith, however, remained unbroken, and his efforts to revive the drooping spirits of his Dcople were unremitted. In the jnonth of October, he preached a sermon from these words " Watch: : man, what of the Watchman eth." night.' The morning Comdiscourse he dwelt saith, the In this much upon the indications, which the dealings of Providence afforded, that a bright and glorious morn- ing was about to dawn upon a long night of defeat and disaster. He told the congregation, that he believed they would soon hear of a crowning the arms of and he exhorted them to trust with an unshaken and fearless confidence in that God, who, he believed, would yet crown with success the efforts of the friends of liberty in this country. Before the congregation was dismissed, a messenger arrived, with the intelligence of the surrender of Burgoyne's army. Par'on Smith read the letter, conveying the intelligence, from the pulpit, and a flood of joy and gratitude burst from the congregation." signal victory America ; SliaAvsJh.eeu River, MasSt This river rises in Lexington and It passes Billerica, Wilmington and Tukesbury, and falls Bedford. into the Merrimack, 20 miles N. by W. at Andover, from Boston. Slieepscot River and Bay, Me. The head waters of this river are derived from ponds in Palermo. Its course is south through the towns of Whitefield and Alna. It meets the tide water between Wiscasset and Castle, and proceeds to a bay of the same name. The length of the river from its source to the bay is about 35 miles. This river is valuable on account of its hydraulic power and navigable facili- New ties. Shecpscot Bay sets up from the sea between Boothbay and Georgetown, and receives the waters of the river. It is about 3 miles wide at its mouth, and extends about 10 miles north. The whole of these waters are often called " Sheepscot River." The mouth of this bay or river bears about N. E., 6 miles, from Seguin Light, at the mouth of Kennebec river. Slieliielcl, Vt. Caledonia co. This town is 35 miles N. E. from Montpelier, and 16 N. from Danville. First settled, 1792. Population, 1830, 720. This town lies on the height of land between Connecticut river and Memphremagog lake. Branches of Passurapsic and Barton rivers both rise here. It is watered by several ponds. The lands are generally broken and not very productive. SlieiSeld, Mass. Berkshire co. This is a very pleasant town, on both sides of the Housatonick. The river meanders circuitously and slowly through the town, and forms large tracts of rich In large freshalluvial meadow. ets the river overflows its banks to a great extent, and forms the appearance of a large lake. The village is neat; situated in a beautiful valley, surrounded by hills, one of which is 3,000 feet in height, and presents a great variety of de- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER lightful scenery. ufactures in the There are mantown of leather, hats, ploughs, and spirits, but the principal business of the people is In 1837, there were agricultural. 6,892 sheep sheared in the town : the value of the wool amounted to Marble andiron ore are $11,372. abundant. is the oldest town in the was incorporated in 1733. Sheffield county It lies 20 S. : it 140 miles S. W. from Boston, from Lenox, and 28 E. from Hudson, N. Y. Population, 1837, 2,308. Slieltouriie, war by men of those names. During the war these settlements were abandoned, but re-established at its Shelburn is finely watered Piatt river, a pond covering 600 acres, and by the waters of the lake. Shelburn Bay sets into the township about 4 miles from the N. W., and affords the town a good harbor, and a depot of the interior trade on The soil the beautiful Champlain. of the town is strong, fertile, and close. by generally w^ell improved. About 10,000 sheep are within its limits. Sliellbiime, Mass. N. H. Androscoggin river passes through the centre of this town, into which fall the waters of Rattle river and some smaller streams. The soil on each bank of the river is very good, producing but in abundance grain and grass Coos settled previous to the revolutionary- Franklin CO. : the N. co. This town side of Deerfield lies on river op- Conway. It is 100 miles from Boston, and 5 W. from Greenfield. Population, 1837, posite to W. by N. 1,018. Deertown a dis- Incorporated, 1768. field river falls in this we rise from the river, the tracts are mountainous and unfit for cultivation. Mount Moriah, an elevated peak of the White Mountains, lies in the Moses' Shelburne. S. part of Rock, so called from the first man palm-leaf boots, shoes, scythes, annual value about hats, &c. $40,000. The soil of the town is known generally of a good quality as to have ascended it, (Moses Ingalls) is on the south side of the river, near the centre of the town. It is about 60 feet high and 90 long, very smooth, and rising in an angle In 1778, David and of nearly 50°. Benjamin Ingalls commenced a settlement at Shelburne, and not long afterwards, several families were In August, 1781, a party added. of Indians visited this town, killed one man, made another prisoner, plundered the houses, and returned to Canada in savage triumph. This town was incorporated in 1820. Population, 1830, 312. Slielbrirn, Vt. Chittenden of co. On the east side Lake Champlain,33 miles W. by N. from Montpelier, and 7 S. from Burlington. Population, 1830, 1,123. Logan's and Potter's points were 33 tance of 20 feet, and produces a valuable water power. The manufactures of the town consist of woolen goods, leather, : siderable wool is ; con- grown, and some and products of the dairy are sent to market. More than common attention is paid to mental culture. This is a pleasant and flourishing town the scenery about the falls cattle : is very handsome. Slieldon, Vt. Franklin co. The first settle- ments commenced here in 1790, by Elisha and Samuel B. Sheldon, from This is a Salisbury, Connecticut. good township of land, productive of wool, grain, and other northern commodities. The river Missisque passes through the town, and Black creek, a branch of that river, gives Sheldon an ample water power. The village is a thriving place, both It in its manufactures and trade. lies 46 miles N. W. from Montpe- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. 32 N. by E. from Burlington, and 10 N. N. E. from St. Albans. lier, Population, 1S30, 1,427. A of grass and grain. branch of the Housatonick waters Iron ore is fourwl here. the town. ductive Sliepaii^ River, Ct. Slietvicket River, Ct. This river rises in Goshen, in the it receives county of Litchfield several branches, and passes south, through the towns of Washington and Roxbury, and falls into the Housatonick at Southbury. This is a good mill stream, in some parts rapid, in others gentle and fertiliz- This fine mill stream receives its head waters by several branches in the counties of Windham and Tolland. It passes between Lisbon and Franklin and uniting with the ing. mantic. ; Quinnebaug at Norwich, flows inIts principal branto the Thames. ches are the Natchaug and Willi- Slierlmrne, Vt. Rutland co, Sliirley, Killington Peak, 3,924 feet in height, several ponds, and Thundering brook, with a handsome fall, lie in this town. Queechy river rises in this town, and along its banks is some good land; but the lands are generally too elevated even for pasturage. Sherburne was It lies 22 miles first settled in 1735. N. W. from Windsor, and 10 E. from Rutland. Population, 1830, 452. SlicrljiiriiCj Middlesex co. Mass. This town is vva- tered by Charles and Sudbury rivers. It is IS miles S. W. by W. from Boston, and 15 S. from ConPopulation, 1837, 1,037. Incord. The soil of Shercorporated, 1674. burne is very good and productive. The village is on elevated land ; it is pleasant,and commands good prospects. The manufactures of the town consist of straw bonnets, boots, shoes, leather, axes, forks, ploughs, muskets and whips annual value, : about $60,000. Slievmaii, Ct. Fairfield co. Sherman was merly the north part of field, and for- New Fair- incorporated in 1802. Pop947. It is 60 miles S. W. from Hartford, 13 N. from Danbury, and bounded W. by the state There is a variety of New York. of soils in the town, but they are generally strong, warm, and proulation, IHW, Me. Piscataquis CO. This town was incorporated in 1834. It was formerly No. 3 in the 4th range of the Bingham Purchase. It is watered by the higher branches of Piscataquis river, and lies about 76 miles N. by E. from Augusta. Population, 1837, 213. Siiirley, Mass. This is a very pleasant agricultural and manufacturing town, 32 miles N. W. from Boston, 16 N. W. from Concord, and IS S. W. from Lowell. There are some elevations in the town, but of warm and fertile soil. There are Middlesex co. large tracts of intervale land along the streams, which are very fertile and valuable. Shirley is separated from Groton by Nashua river, and from Pepperell the Squanicook, a branch of the Nashua. These streams afford Shirley a fine water power, which renders it an excellent location for manThere ufacturing establishments. are 1 woolen and 3 cotton mills in the town, and manufactures of boots, shoes, paper, leather, palm-leaf hats, &c. Annual value, about $125,Population, 1837, 967. 000. b\' Slioreliain, "Vt. This town lies on Lake Champlain, and is watered by Lemonfair river, a o-ood mill stream. It is 12 miles Addison co. the east side of �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. S. W. from Middlebury, and 26 N. from Whitehall, N. Y. The lake Popuhere is about a mile wide. consist of clothing, guns, hats, chairs, straw bonnets, leather, boots, shoes, &c: the value of which, dur- lation, 1830, 2,137, The surface of the town is level and the soil remarkably good. This is one of the best farming towns in the state. In 1837, there was 26,534 sheep in ing the year ending April 1, 1837, was $211,287. The town was incorporated, 1727. Population, 1830, 1,386; 1837, 1,507. Levi Pease, the father of mail stages in this country, was a native of this town. He died here in 1824, Shoreham. There are some manufactures in the town, and a pleasant and flourishing village on the banks of the lake. Most of the waters here are impregnated with Epsom salts. See Bridport. Shoreham was first settled in 1766, by a number of persons who adopted the plan of holding all things This mode of holding in common. property was, however, relinquished about the time of the revolutionary war. Shrewsbury, Vt. Rutland co. This town lies 22 miles W. from Windsor and 9 S. Population, in E. from Rutland. This is a mountainous 1830,1,289. township, having Shrewsbury Peak within its limits, a summit 4,034 feet above the sea. Mill and Cold rivers and Peal's and Ashley's Ponds water the town, and fall into Otter There is some good land mountain town, and between three and four thousand sheep graze on its surface. Creek. in this SlireAVslbiiry, Worcester co. Mass. This is an agri- cultural town of a pleasing variety of surface, and good soil, 36 miles W. by S. from Boston and 6 E. from Worcester. Quinsigamond or Long Pond lies principally in this town. It is nearly four miles in length and from 40 to 250 rods in width. It empties into the Blackstone river and canal, and produces a considerable hydraulic power. floating bridge crosses this pond for the accommodation of the Worcester turnpike, 525 feet in length, built in 1818, and cost $6,000. The manufactures of Shrewsbury A Mr. Pease was a man of great enterprise he projected the first turnpike road in England, and to his zeal and sacrifices the public is more indebted than to any other man for its excellent mail establishment. At the time Mr. Pease started his first line of mail stages between Boston and York, in 1784, the mail betv.'een those places passed only once a fortnight, on horseback, in a pair of saddlebags. aged SG. ; New New Sliutesbury, Mass. This town is on high land, 10 miles E. from Connecticut river, 9 N. by E. from Amherst, 16 S. S.E. from Greenfield, and 78 W. by N. from Boston. Incorporated, 1761. Population, 1837,816. Copper ore, and soapstone, are found here. On Swift river are three shingle mills and a wheel factory. There is a mineral spring of some note in this town, containing, in solution, iron, sulphur, &c. There is also a pond, covering about 700 acres, with an abundance of fine fish. Ephraim Pratt lived in this town many years, and died here in 1804, aged 116 years. He married at the age of 21, and could count 1,500 descendants. He was a very temperate man, so much so that for 40 years he took no animal food. He was a farmer, and his health was so uniformly good that he was able to mow a good swath 101 years in succession. He was born at Sudbury, 1687. Siduey, Me. Kennebec co. Sidnev is vprv �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. pleasantly situated on the west side of Kennebec river, and watered by a large and beautiful pond lying in town and Belgrade. It is bounded N. by Waterville, and is 12 miles N. from Augusta. Incorthis porated, 1792. 2,346. Wheat 6,569 bushels. Population, crop, 1837, same year, Hartford co. direction. The of of territory town was formerly a part : 1830,2,221. Tariffville, a flourishing village, situated at the northeastern ex- tremity of this town, on the west bank of the Farmington river,which at this place passes south, at the base of a range of mountains, which divides this part of the State from the great valley of Connecticut river. This place is a carpet manufacturing village, owned principally by a company called the " New England Carpet Company ;" they employ 175 hands, and manufacture yearly about 132,000 yards of carpeting. This flourishing village is between three and four miles south of Simsbury mines, in Granby,near the New Haven and Northampton canal, and 12 miles N.W. from Hart- local situation of admirable This is the most northern and eastern branch of the Matawamkeag. Skootum Tiake, Hie* sheet of water of considerable the outlet of which passes through Kilmarnock. water fertility of low Norridgewock and 33 N. from Augusta. Population, 1830,1,006; 1837, 1,433. Slaterville, R. I. We regret to state that no account of the manufactures of this interesting manufacturing village has been received. See Smithfield. Small, Cape, Me. The eastern boundary of Casco Bay. Smitkiield, R. Skitticook River, Me. A its the adjacent country, united with the enterprise of its inhabitants, has rendered the place, but recently a wilderness, one of the best cultivated townships in the state, the site of a great number of mills, and a mart of an extensive trade. There is much delightful scenery about Skowhegan : the village is neatly built, and its beauty is much enhanced by the whiteness of the houses contrasted with the blue and green of the rivBetween Skower and its banks. hegan and Bloomfield is a small island in the river. Across this island are noble bridges uniting the towns. This place lies 5 miles be- ford. size, The power, and the Windsor: its Indian name was Jl/assacoe, and was incorporated in 1670. The surface of the town is greatly diversified by hills and valleys a range of mountains pass through the town, and there is some level and good land within its limits on Farmington river. Population, is : Skowhegan, Sims'biivy, Ct. this Skowliegan, Me. Somerset co. This town was formerly called Milburn it took the Indian name of the place in 1836. It is situated on the N. side of Kennebec river, at Skowhegan Falls. The river runs here in an eastern T. Providence co. This is a large town, containing an area of about 10 by 6 miles, and a great variety of surface and soil. Smithfield has generally an undulating surface, presenting an agreeable diversity of moderate eminences and gentle declivities; but some sections it rough and broken. in is considerably �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. The manufacture of lime is an important and extensive business, and affords employment to a great number of persons. There is also a quarry of white stone at what is called Woonsocket hill, that sustains heat remarkably well, which renders hearths. it very valuable for furnace About two miles distant from this, there is a quarry, containing excellent whetstones, for edge tools. steep descent of its shores. Cases have occurred, of persons being drowned in attempting to water their horses at this pond. There is a remarkable fall of water upon the Blackstone river, called Woonsocket falls, which is con- the sidered as quite a curiosity. The fall is aboiit 20 feet, not perpendicular, but over a precipice of r^cKS for some distance. The fall of the water upon these rocks through a succession of ages, has occasioned numerous excavations, all of which are smooth and circular, and some of them very large, being sufficient to contain several hogsheads. The beautiful village of Woonsocket is situated at these falls, on the line of Cumberland ; the river dividing the towns, and the village The soil is a gravelly and sandy loam, with some sections of a calcareous loam. It is generally rich and fertile, although in some places it has been reduced by an exhausting system of cultivation. There are, however, some low and marshy tracts, which are generally appropriated to mowing, and afford good crops of grass. Tlie agricultural into nearly equal parts. In this productions consist of the various village are 15 cotton and 2 satinet articles common to the climate factories, a large furnace, machine Indian corn, rye, wheat, barley, shops, sash factory, &c. The Blackoats, potatoes, flax, beef, pork, stone canal passes through this butter, cheese, apples, cider and village, and it is in contemplation hay. to construct a rail road to meet the The waters of the town consist Boston and Providence rail road, of the Blackstone, which washes either at Providence or at Dedham, its northeastern border, and a branch Mass. This village is indeed a of this river, nearly of equal size, beautiful place, and exceedingly which intersects the town, dis- flourishing. It is 14 miles N. N. charging its waters into the former, W. from Providence. in the northern section of the town. Slaterville is another beautiful After the union of these streams, village in this town, on Branch the Blackstone is from one to two river, about 2 miles W. from Woonhundred feet in width. At some socket. seasons of the year, it overflows its Smithfield is a large manufacturbanks, and has been known to rise ing town, containing many other from 15 to 20 feet above its usual pleasant villages, almost exclusiveheight. Besides these, there are ly devoted to manufacturing ob- * numerous small streams, some of jects. The centre of the town lies which afford valuable sites for mills 9 miles N. W. from Providence. and manufacturing establishments, Incorporated, 1730. Population, in which are mostly occupied. In 1830, 6,857. the south part of the town, within Smith's River, Jf. H. about 4 miles from Providence, Grafton co. This river rises from there is a considerable body of waseveral ponds in Grafton and Orter, called Scots Pond. It is nearly a mile in length, about half a ange, and after pursuing a winding, mile in width, and of great depth. but generally an east course, of What is remarkable in this pond, is from 12 to 18 miles, through Dan- 33* �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. bury and Alexandria, falls into the Pemigewasset, between Bristol and population, in cent. Hill. The present county of Somerset bounded N. by Lower Canada, E. by Piscataquis and a part of Penobscot counties, S. by the counties of Kennebec and Franklin, and W. by Franklin county and Lower Canis Solon, Me. Somerset CO. Solon is a flourishing farming town, on the east side of Kennebec river, opposite to F-mbden. It lies 44 miles N. by W. Irom Augusta, and 18 N. fiom Norridgewock. Population, 1830, Wheat crop, 768; 1837, 1,129. The town is 1837, 6,567 bushels. well watered by a pond and several streams it has a pleasant village, and some manufactures. : Somcrsj Ct. Tolland co. This town lies 22 miles N. E. from Hartford, 10 N. by W. from Tolland, and 12 S. E. from Springfield, Mass. tled, 1713. It seven years, 22 per First set- was incorporated by Massachusetts in 1734, and named in honor of Lord Somers, at the request of Governor Belcher. Part of the town is level, and productive of grass and grain, and part is quite elevated, producing good pasturage for sheep, and presenting delightful views of the valley of Connecticut river. It is wa- tered by Scantic river. Somei-s has a very neat village, in which is a large establishment for the manufacture of straw bonnets. Population, 1830, 1,429. Somerset County, Me. J\rorridg€wock, chief town. Previous to the formation of Piscataquis and Franklin counties, in 1838, for which purpose a considerable portion of Somerset was taken, this county contained an area of about 8,785 square miles. Incorporated, 1809. About one third of this territory may be said to be setincorporated or granted, the residue, a wilderness. Its population, in 1820, was 21,787; 18.30, tled, 33,588; 1837,40,963. Population to a square mile, 4 1-2. Gain in ada. This county is watered by many ponds, some of the large tributaries of the Kennebec, and by the upper waters of many other important rivers in Maine ; but its chief river is the noble Kennebec, which enters the county at its rise from Moose Head lake, and passing from that lake, which skirts the eastern boundary of the county, it traverses nearly in its centre about 75 miles. This river serves, at present, as a great thoroughfare to the ocean for an immense amount of timber, lumber and wood, the lirst fruits of the industry of pioneers to a heavily timbered country ; and, in after times, will serve for the transportation of the productions of a fertile soil to distant markets, and of the wants of the inhabitants from abroad. The surface of this county is diversified by considerable elevations and extensive valleys, which give it a varied and pleasing asWith the exception of the pect. mountain range, which skirts the bounds of Canada, and the Bald Mountain ridge, nearly in the centre of the county. Mount Bigelow and Mount Abraham, on the border of Franklin count}^, are the most lofty. So far as the march of improvement has been made in this interior and almost wilderness county, the soil of the lands, generally, is found to be fertile, as easy of cultivation, and as productive of all the varieties of grasses, grains, vegetables and fruits, as any portion of New England, with very few exceptions. The more interior portions of the �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. county, those watered by the upper branches of the Penobscot and Walloomstook, now a wilderness, In are said to be the most fertile. 1S37, there were in the old county of Somerset, 77,921 sheep ; and, during that year, it produced 239,332 bushels of wheat, being the largest quantity of that valuable grain produced by any county in Maine, and probably by any county in New England. bold enough to attempt the cultivation of its soil. It is watered by the upper blanches of Deerfield river. Population, 1830, 245. Somerset stands 15 miles N. E. from Bennington, and 14 W. from Newfane. It would put the neighboring towns into a pretty pickle if it should turn a Somerset. Somerset, Mass. Bristol CO. This town is pleasantly situated on the northern side of Taunton river, opposite to Fall River, and is the proposed depot of a rail road from Fall River to Providence, R. I. It is 16 miles S. E. from Providence, 13 S. from Taunton, and 45 S. from Boston. Population, 1837, 1,063. Incorporated, 1790. There are some manufactures of stone and earthern wares, but ship building is the principal branch of mechanics in the town. This town was formerly a part of Dover. It was inStrafford co. fall river, It is bounded N. E. by Sal- which divides S. V/. it from by Do- It is 11 miles N. by W. from Portsmouth and 45 E. from Concord. The White Mountains may be ver. steeples of the meeting falls. The depth, till falls, for river of is sutiicient within a mile of said vessels of 250 tons. The town is bounded on from its confluence with the Piscataqua to the mouth of Fresh creek, near a mile ; and from thence by said creek to its head, nearly a mile and a half. There are but two ponds of note in this town Humphrey's pond on the line of Dover, 200 rods long and 120 rods wide and Cole's pond, 150 rods long and 75 wide. Red and yellow ochre, also iron ore, have been found in this town. The ochre has been used in painting houses, and has been found to make a durable paint. At Great Falls, are extensive manufactories, and a large and river, : ; beautiful village. This town was settled between 1650 and 1700, by William WentMany of the worth and others. first settlers were killed or taken captive and carried to Canada. Ebenezer Downs, who was a quaker, was taken by the Indians at Indigo hill, in 1724, and carried to Canada. He was grossly insulted and abused by them, because he refused to dance as the other prisoners did for the diversion of their savage captors. Somers'wortli, N. H. Berwick, Me., and the Cocheco Windham co. Mount Pisgah and other elevations give to the surface of this township so rough and drear an aspect, that but few are mon also houses in Portsmouth, and the masts of the shipping in the harbor. The soil of this town is well adapted to Indian corn, and almost all kinds of grain and grass. The tide flows on the east side of this town, four miles to Quamphegan S. part of this Somerset, Vt. corporated in 1754. N. W. by Rochester, seen from the summit of Otis' hill; Nicholas Pike, author of a popular system of arithmetic, was born in this town, October 6, 1743. John Wentworth, son of the Hon. .lohn Wentworth, was born in and was this town, July 14, 1745 graduated at Harvard college, 1768. He entered on the study of the law, When apand settled at Dover. plication was made to him to put an ; �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. action in suit, it was his practice to see the parties or to write to them, stating the consequences of a legal process, and advising them to settle their differences between themselves. By this mode of procedure he was instrumental in preventing vexatious lawsuits and was entitled to the appellation of peace- many ; He was maker. member a of the continental congress in the revoluand died January 10, 1787. tion, Hon. Thomas Wallingford, was born at Bradford, Mass., in 1697. He came to this town in the and by a diliearly part of liis life gent application to business, from a small beginning became one of the richest men in the province. ; IcHABOD EoLLiNs, was bom Somersworth in 1721. He was a judge of probate for the county of Strafford, and died January 31, Population, in 1830, 3,090. 1800. in Soucooli. River, N. II., Has its source in three ponds in the south part of Gilnianton, lying near each other, called Loon, Rocky and Shcllcamp ponds. It passes through Loudon, receiving several branches, and forms the boundary between Concord and Pembroke, falling into the Garvin's Merrimack below falls, SonLlaegaii River, N. H. Originally Souhegenack, the name of a river in Hillsborough county, and the former name of Amherst and Merrimack. The principal branch of this river originates from issuing from Babboosuck pond. See Amherst. Soutli Ilamptou, IV. H., Rockingham co., is bounded N. by East Kingston and Kensington, E. by Seabrook, S. by Amesbury, Mass., W. by Newtown; and is 50 miles S. E. from Concord, and 18 W. from Portsmouth. The surface is generally S. S. even, of a good quality. Powow river passes through this town, affording valuable mill seats. South Hampton was incorporated in 1742. and the soil Hon. Phillips White, who was a member of the old congress, 1792 and 1793, and years judge of probate, died June 24, 1811, aged 82. Population, 1830, 487. a counsellor in for many Soutlianiptoii, Mass. Hampshire co. Manhan river waters the town and affords it mill privileges. The Farmington canal passes through the eastern part. Lead in various forms and qualities is found here, and here is a subterraneous passage leading to the lead mine in Westhampton. There are some manufactures in the town, but the people are generally employed in agricultural pursuits, and the soil is well adapted to that purpose. Southampton is pleasantly situated, 9 miles S. W. from Northampton, and 97 W. by S. from Boston. Incorporated, 1753. Population, 1837, 1,216. Soiitli Berwick, Me. Ashburnham, Mass. It passes N. through Ashby, at the York CO. This town is situated N. W. angle of the county of Mid- on the N. E. side of Salmon Fall dlesex, into New Ipswich, and river, 97 miles S. W. from Augusta, through Mason, Milford, Amherst, and 10 W. N. W. from York. The into Merrimack, where it unites limits of the town have recently with Merrimack river. In its course been increased by the addition of a a it pond in receives several streams from Temple, Lyndeborough and Mount Vernon, and just before it falls into the Merrimack, receives Babboosuck brook, a considerable stream portion It of the territory of in 1814. was incorporated York. Pop- 1830,1,577; 1837, 2,342. Falls on the river at this place afford an hydraulic power of ulation, The Great �NEW EN^GLAND GAZETTEER. Mangreat magnitude and value. ufacturing operations commenced here many years ago, and have been but in 1837, gradually increasing the " Great Works Manufacturing Company" was incorporated. This company have a large capital, and are making arrangements for manufacturing on an extensive scale. When it is considered that this place is located on navigable waters, and only about a dozen miles from the beautiful harbor of Portsmouth, by water, these operations promise a favorable result, both to individual enterprise and the public. ; The village of South Berwick is pleasantly situated ; it is a place of considerable trade, and in the vicinity of delightful scenery. Soutliborougli, Mass. Worcester co. This town was taken from Marlborough in 1727. It has a good soil, and is well cultivated by industrious and skillful farmers. It is watered by a branch of Sudbury river, and has manufactures of woolen cloth, boots, annual shoes, and straw bonnets : and Worcester rail road passes It through this pleasant town. lies 26 miles W. from Boston, and Population, 15 E. from Worcester. 1837, 1,113. Soutlibritlge, Mass. taken from co. The principal village in this town is pleasantly situated on the Pamperaug, a fine mill stream, which passes through the town. This village is 20 miles New Haven, and 40 from Hartford. The village of South Britain is about 4 miles S. W. from the princiN. W. from S. W. pal or central village it is a flourishing place, containing a number of neat buildings, a carpet and several hat factories. This village : is surrounded by high Southbridge was Sturbridge in 1814. ; : and : covered. The northern part of the town is called " White Oak," from an oak tree under which the first persons who explored the town encamped. Pieces of this tree are considered Southformerly attached to Litchfield county. It was a part of Woodbury, and was first settled about the year 1672. It was incorporated as a distinct town in 1786. Population, 1830, 1,557. as precious relics. bury was goutli Hadley, Mass. co. Population, 1830, 1,444 1837, 1740. It is 54 miles S. W. from Boston, and 19 S. S. W. from Worcester. This town is watered by the Quinneboag, a branch of the Thames, and a good mill stream. There are one woolen and three cotton mills in Southbridge, and manufactures of boots, shoes and cutlery the value of which, for the year ending April 1, 1837, was $262,212. This town has an excellent soil and a pleasant and flourishing village. hills precipices, and has a romantic and picturesque appearance. The surface of the town is generally uneven there is some good meadow land on Housatonick, Pamperaug, and Shepaug rivers, and the uplands are warm and productive. Some traces of coal have been dis- The Boston by some value, about $50,000. Worcester Soutlibury, Ct. New Haven Hampshire co. Nature and art seem to have united to render this an interesting place. The falls on the Connecticut are 50 feet ; not perpendicular, but in so short a distance as to render the river very These falls, Mount Holyoke at the north part of the town, and Mount Tom on the west side of the river, with the luxuriant meadrapid. ows along would form character. this beautiful stream, a picture of no ordinary These falls are ren- dered passable for freight and steam �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. boats by a canal of about two miles In this canal is a cut in length. tlirough solid rock, 40 feet in depth and 300 feet in length. The hydraulic power, at this place, is very great, having the whole volume of Connecticut river and some smaller streams at command for manufacMuch of the turing purposes. water power is yet unimproved, but its local situation is such as and manufactures of leather, boots, toshoes, pearl buttons, iron, &c. tal value, the year ending April 1, 1S37, $237,650. South Hadley lies on the east side of Connecticut river, 90 miles, W. from Boston, and 5 S. by E. : from Northampton. Incorporated Population, 1837, 1,400. Soutli Heroj Vt. Grand Isle co. Lake Champlain bounds this town on all sides. The passage in the lake however, is very narrow between the towns of N. and S. Hero. It lies 12 miles N. W. from Burlington, and 16 S. S. W. from St. Albans. The lake is fordable a considerable part of the year on the Vermont side. This town was formerly a part of North Hero, and was separated from it in First settled, 1784. 1788. Population, 1830, 717. South Hero contains an area of about 9,065 acres of level land of an excellent soil. Its basis is limestone. It is suppos- ed that all the lands of this island county were once covered by the waters of the lake, as clam shells are found incorporated with the rocks in the highest places. The around these islands beautiful. This vicinity was a scenery is fa- vorite resort for the Indians, as appears from a large number of their implements found on the islands. It seems they manufactured hatch- ets, spear heads, chisels, nishes a great abundance of food for the inhabitants, and some for exabout 6,200 portation. It feeds sheep. This is a pleasant stopping place for the angler, the painter or the geologist. to insure its usefulness as the manufacturing interests of New England There are in South Hadincrease. ley 3 paper and 2 woolen mills, in 1753. and a variety of other implements place, from a flint stone not found in this region, but brought from a distance. This town furat this arrows, Soutliington, Ct. Southington was Hartford co. taken from Farmington in 1779. There are some elevations in the town, particularly in the eastern part but the soil is generally very good for all kinds of grain and the pasturage of cattle. It is watered by the Quinnepiack, and the Farmington canal passes through it. It contains a neat village, 18 miles S. W. from Hartford and 21 N. from New Haven. Population, 1830, 1,844. The inhabitants are generally engaged in agriculture ; yet several kinds of manufactures receive considerable attention. Peck's patent ; machines for making tin ware, most valuable invention, is exclusively owned in this town, and the for a business of making them sively carried on, is by Peck exten&. Co., whose manufactory supplies almost the whole of the United States and the British provinces. The manufacture of water cement is very extensively carried on in this town, and furnishes a supply for the wants of the vicinity, and some for distant There is an establishmarkets. ment for the manufacture of lasts, which are turned out by a machine : this is effected by having a model of the shape wanted, inserted into the apparatus connected with the Besides the above, machinery. there is a brass foundry ; and several other establishments, for manufacturing various articles, such as saws of different kinds, tin ware, combs, spoons, clocks, brushes, &c., are in operation, more or less ex- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. consistofshoes,cabinet ware, chairs shoe tools, razor straps, block tin and tin ware annual value, about tensively, at different times, accordino- to the demands of the market. Copper has been discovered, in several places, in the range of mountains on the eastern border of the : $60,000. This town contains a large and beautiful pond, the source of Saugus river. The village is compact, town. Sontli Kingston, R. I. neat and flourishing. Chief town. Washington co. This town was formerly a part of North Kingston, and was first setIt is the largest town tled in 1670. Soiitliwicli, Mass. Hampden bounded of is Con- and is 100 miles W. by from Boston, and 10 W. S. W. Incorporated, from Springfield. Point Judith. It has an uneven surface, a soil of a gravelly loam, based on a granite foundation. Large quantities of grain of various kinds and of the productions of the dairy are annually sent to maralso the fleeces ket from this town This town of about 7,500 sheep. possesses great navigable advantages; its eastern and southern bonders being washed by the Atlantic ocean and Narraganset bay. number town state S. noted It contains a great This co. by the necticut, in the State, comprising 9S square miles, and within its limits is the ; S. of fresh It Population, 1837, 1,291. 1779. w-atered by a considerable stream, and several ponds in the town supply water for the Farmington canal, is which passes through Southwick. consist of gunpowder, leather, and distilled spirannual value, about $70,000. its The manufactures : town is elevagenerally good, The valparticularly for grazing. wool sheared in 1837, was ue of The surface of the ted, but the soil water ponds, and a large salt pond one of the fresh water ponds, covers an area of between three and four thousand acres. The fisheries on the shores and are in the ponds of South Kingston of considerable extent and value. $2,125. taken are principally bass, Some alewives, perch and smelts. is furnishino- : The fish portion of the inhabitants follow a maritime life for a livelihood. The principal village in South Kingston is improperly called " Litsnug tle Rest Hill," for it is quite a It lies SO comfortable place. and miles S. from Providence, and 9 S. from North Kingston. Population, 1830, 3,663. Soutli Reading, Mass. Middlesex co. Tliis town was It taken from Reading in 1812. 10 miles N. from Boston, 18 E. lies by N. from Concord, and 10 W. from Salem. Population, 1330, 1,310; So-vvatlaljgcoolc Rivei', Tliis stream falls Penobscot co. the Penobscot at Hampden, 5 into Within 3 miles below Bangor. miles of its mouth it falls 120 feet, ileges. rises in many valuable mill privThe main branch, which Stetson, The manufactures of the town unites with the Harvey stream from Levant, and the Kinsley stream from Etna, both affording excellent mill sites, near Below the village in Carmel. the Sowadabscook is deep these, and sluggish, from 15 to 25 yards in width, flowing through extensive and'" the Great and Little ponds in Hermon, with very little meadows, m the head of the falls Near the east line of Carmel, this stream comes within about 20 rods of the Little Kendusthrough keas;, a stream which flows E. part of Carmel, from Lethe^N. vant to Bangor and the two streams to are united by a branch from 20 descent, to Hampden. ; 1837, 1,488. Me. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. 30 feet wide and 3 feet deep, called the Cross. rapid that The Kenduskeag is so it rises and falls much quicker than the Sowadabscook. the streams are rising, the curi'ent in the Cross sets towards the When Sowadabscook, and when falling, towards the Kenduskeag. The country watered hy the Sowadabscook is generally rather level and free from hills, though there are many swells of very fine farming land. In the towns of Hermon and Hampden is a large tract, very little elevated above the level of the stream, and liable to be overflowed by freshets. It is too low for settlement, and is chiefly covered with wood. The improve- ment of this land requires too great an outlay of capital for a new country, but it will probably at some time be among the most valuable in this country for mowing. There are on this stream, in Hampden, five superior saw mills, a grist and paper mill, and the privileges are excelled by few in England. Upon the Kenduskeag ai-e 9 mills below the Cross, many of them superior double mills. The pine timber has been cut off upon the waters of this stream to such an extent, as to give a high value to that which remains, and to the hemlock timber, of which there are great quantities of fine quality. New Since our first pages went to we have received, from an obliging fi'iend, the following information in regard to Carniel. The township of Carmel, bordering on the Sowadabscook, is a very level tract of land; most of it of a press, very light and there was originally so valuable a in which there a quantity remaining. The swells are large, and are covered with the rock maple, beech, birch, &c., and are of a very supeNear the rior quality for tillage. streams are large tracts of intervale of great fertility, and making very growth of pine, or is so large fine meadows. There is little waste land in the town. The swamps are few and of small extent, but furnish cedars in sufficient quantities for fencing, for which use they are the finest and most durable material. The settlement of this town is rapidly progressing, and many of the farms recently cleared are very superior, and the buildings, fences, and improvements, show an active, industrious and enterprising peo- ple. The village near the centre of the town, is a very thriving and active place of business, on the stage road from Bangor to Skowhegan, 13 miles W. from Bangor, and 11 W. N. >y. from Hampden. Here are four stores, two taverns, an apothecary shop, potash, blacksmiths, coopers, shoemakers, joiners, and other shops ; an extensive tannery, mills, &c., and a meeting In the house is about being l)uilt. town are five good school houses, five saw mills, a clapboard and shingle mill, grist mill, and clothing mill. are found in this town some specimens of petrified shells, at an elevation of 125 to 130 feet above the Penobscot, and near the banks of the stream, showing that this valley was once covered by There fine the ocean. The roads in the towns watered by this stream are exceedingly well made, and creditable to the inhabitants, though it is remarkable, that several of them, which were made in the early settlement, pass over There is probably no town in this decidedly the most inferior lands in section of the county, in which., those towns. This is particularly fertile soil, free of valleys have a fine growth of pine timber, which has been carefully preserved by the owners, and may be run, by means of the Cross, at a small expense, either to Bangor or Hampden. stone. The �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. true of the road from Hampden through Carmel and Etna to Newport and the settlement of this : section was formerly retarded, without doubt, by the unfavorable impression created by this circumstance. The projected rail road from Bangor to Augusta is surveyed to pass through this town, near the bank of the stream and the level character of the country is exceedingly well adapted for that purpose. ; Spafford's liaise, N. H. See Chesierfield. Specl£letl Monntaiu, Me. Oxford CO. This mountain lies on the line of New Hampshire, partly in the town of Riley, and is said to be 4,000 feet above sea mack between Methuen and Dracut, Mass., nearly opposite Shaw sheen river, which comes from the S.J through Andover. Split, Cape, See Addison. Springiield, Me. Penobscot co. The Matakeunk, branch of the Matawamkeag, rises here, and, with several ponds, a gives the town a considerable wapower. The soil of the town is fertile, and in 1837, with a population of 398, produced 9,429 bushels of wheat. Springfield was No. 5, 2d range N. of the Bingham Purchase, and was incorporated in 1834. It lies about 60 miles N. E. by E. ter from Bangor. gpringfieltl, N. level. Spencer, Mass* Vrorcester co. Seven Mile rivbranch of the Chickopee, waters this town. There are two woolen mills in the town, and manufactures of scythe snaiths, straw bonnets, boots, shoes, leather, caber, a inet ware, chairs, palm-leaf hats, harnesses, and barrels annual value, about $80,000. This township is quite elevated for the section of country in which it lies. It is stated to be the summit level between the waters of : Boston harbor and Connecticut river, 950 feet above the former, and 880 feet above the latter. The surface of the town is agreeably varied by hills and valleys the soil is fertile, and cultivated by men of industry and independence. Spencer is 52 miles W. from Boston, and 12 Yv^. from Worcester. Population, in 1830, 1,618 ; 1837, 2,085. It was taken from Leices: ter in 1753. Spiggot River, N. H., Rises in Hampstead, and passes through Salem, and into the Merri- 34 Me. H. Sullivan co. This town is bounded N. by Grafton, E. by Wilmot, S. E. by New London, S. by Wendell and Croydon, W. by Croydon and Grantham. It lies 35 miles N. W. from Concord and 13 N. E. from A Newport. branch of Sugar river has its source in this town; and also a branch of the Blackwater The former empties into the Connecticut, the latter into the JNIcrrimack. There are several ponds, viz. Station pond, about 250 rods long, 140 wide Cilley pond, 240 rods long, and about SO wide Star, Stony, and Morgan's ponds. The land is rough and stony. This town was granted in 1769, by the name of Protectu'orth. Its t\rst settlement commenced in 1772. It was incorporated bv the name of Springfield, 1794. Population, 1S30, 1,202. river. ; ; Springfield, Vt. Windsor Springfield is situco. the S. E. corner of the county, on the W. side of Connecticut river, and is 70 miles S. from ated at Montpelier, 24 S. from Vv^oodstock, and 110 N. W. from Boston. Population, 1830, 1,498. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. The land in Springfield is generally rich, with a deep soil suitable for grass or tillage ; on the rivers are extensive intervales, forming some of the most beautiful farms The principal agriin the state. cultural products, are corn, rye, oats, beef, pork, butter, cheese ; and wool, of which 17,872 fleeces were shorn in 1837. Many hoi'ses are raised in this town and sent to market. The principal village is situated Black River falls, near the centre of the town. These falls are about four miles from the confluence of Black river with the Connecticut their descent is rapid over a rocky bed, about 60 rods, when the waters are contracted, and precipitated 50 or 60 feet down an abrupt ledge into a narrow chanThis ravine extends about 12 nel. rods ; it is 60 or 70 feet deep, and is walled by perpendicular ledges of mica slate. Over this ravine has been erected a bridge, from which may be had a full view of the falls. mist constantly arises, in which may be seen, in a fair day, all the colors of the rainbow. on ; A There are in Springfield 1 cotton and 2 woolen mills, a sand paper factory, on an extensive scale, which produces an excellent article, and manufactures of machine cards, machinery, iron ware, lead pipe, hats, chair'?, tin and copper wares, scythes, leather, cabinet furniture, and various other articles. This is a very flourishing town, and the scenery around handsome village is its neat and delightful. Sprijigfield, Mass. Chief town, Hampden co. This is one of the most beautiful and important inland towns in New England. It is situated on the east bank of Connecticut river, and is supplied v/ith a good hydraulic power by Chickopee and Mill rivers. It is 87 miles W. by S. from Boston, 17 S. by E. from North- ampton, and 27 N. from Hartford, Ct. Its Indian name First settled, 1635. was Agawam. Incorporated, Population, 1820, 3,914; 1645. Along 1830, 6,784; 1837, 9,234. the banks of the Connecticut are large tracts of fine alluvial meadow, which are very productive. Back from the river the land rises by a gentle acclivity to an extended pine plain. The village and business part )f the town, is on a street between 2 and 3 miles in length, running parallel with the river. This village is very pleasant, well built, and contains many beautiful buildings. handsome bridge, 1,234 feet in length, connects this town with West Springfield. Boats for the transportation of passengers, and for towing freight boats, are continually plying between this place and Hartford, during the season of navigation. The rail road from Boston to Albany will pass through Springfield, which, with the great natural advantages it possesses, must render it one of the most important commercial depots on Connecticut A river. About 4 miles north of the prinvillage, near the confluence of Chickopee river with the Connecticut, stands the neat and enterprising village of Chickopee, one of the most beautifully located manufacturing villages in cipal New England. The United States Arsenal is delightfully situated on an elevated plain about half a mile east of the principal village. The buildings are arranged with great taste and judgment, around a level square of 20 acres, and make a fine appearance. The buildings are all of on one of which is a brick cupola, from which an extensive and delightful view of Connecticut and the surrounding counriver try is presented. The water works are situated on pylill river, about a mile south of the arsenal. This^ ; �; NtW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. establishment was founded in 1795, and is considered the most important arsenal of construction in the United States. There are 2G0 men constantly employed in the various branches of this manufacture. In 1837, the lands and buildings attached to this establishment were valued at $210,000 ; Machinery, $50,000 170,000 muskets on hand, $2,040,000 muskets manufactured during the year ending April 1, 1S37, 14,000, valued at $154,000 Squam Bay and The bay Village, Mass. up between Gloucester and the mouth of Ipswich harbor. The village is on Cape Ann, about 4 miles N. from the principal village of Gloucester, and is the resort and residence of a large numsets ber of enterprising fishermen. Sqiiantanagonick, N. H. ; ; : The name of a village Cocheco ed from the Indian name of the amount of ordnance and stock on hand, $30,000. An establishment for the manufacture of brass cannon, employing 25 hands, lately commenced by a private companj^ will manufacture cannon to the amount of $50,000 per annum. There are in Springfield 7 cotton and 4 paper mills, 3 tanneries, and manufactures of iron castings, cutlery, ploughs, chairs, cabinet and tin wares, boots, shoes, cards, hard ware, steam boats, joiners tools, paper machinery, shuttles, bobbins, rifles, stoves, machinery, swords, &c. The total value of the manufactures of Springfield, for the year ending April 1, 1S37, exclusive of those by the U. S., amounted to $1,709,700. See Register. Squam. T^ake, &,c. Squam Lake, N. at the falls on river, in Rochester, so callfalls. Sqiiamscot River, N. H., Or Swamscot, or Exeter river. called also Great See Exeter. StafForcl, Ct. This town lies 24 Tolland co. miles N. E. from Hartford, 6 N. E. from Tolland, 27 N. W. from Brooklyn, 36 N. from Norwich, 14 N. E. from Springfield, Mass., and 73 W. S. W. from Boston. Population, 1830, 2,515. The surface of the town is rough some parts mountainous, abounding with rocks of primitive formation. Its soil is a coarse, hard and dry gravelly loam generally not very productive. There are several minerals in the town, but iron As early as ore is the principal. 1779, a blast furnace was erected here, and cannon shot, hollow ware, in ; H., lies on the &.C., were cast. borders of Holderness, Sandwich, The town is watered by FurMoultonborough and Centre Har- nace river, and the Willimantic, This is " a splendid sheet of which unite in Stafford, and afford bor. water, indented by points, arched a good water power. There are in with coves, and studded with a suc- the town several blast and cupola cession of romantic islands." manufacIt is furnaces, a cotton mill, about 6 miles long, and in its widest tures of pistols, axes, adzes, carpart, 3 miles in width. It covers a penters' chisels, tailors' shears, surface of between 6,000 and 7,000 drawing knives, and several other acres, and is well stored with trout articles of cutlery. There are also and other fish. manufactures of cotton and woolen Squam JRiver is the outlet of the machinery, cabinet ware, brush above mentioned lake it passes handles, iron card cylinders, and through Squam pond in Holder- two forges for making wrought ness, and forms a junction v/ith the iron. Pemigewasset, at the S. W. corner Stafford Mineral Springs have of that town. acquired considerable notice, and : �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. are celebrated for their virtues in curing cutaneous diseases. " The Indians first made the settlers acquainted with the virtues of these springs, when, in the year 1719, this part of the country be' gan to be settled. It has been their practice, time immemorial, to resort to them in the warm season, and plant their wigwams round them. They recommended the wa- much celebrity until about the year a case occurred calculated to establish and extend their was an effectual reputation. It cure of a most obstinate cutaneous 1765, when complaint, which had completely baffled all medicinal skill, and reThe sisted all other applications. publicity which was given to this case soon raised the reputation of these springs ; and in consequence ter as an eye water ; but gave, as their own particular reason for drinking it, that it enlivened their spirits.' It is said, that in 1766, these springs were carefully exam- of which they immediately became a place of resort of persons afSicted with various diseases." ined by Dr. Warren, who then had thoughts of purchasing the land on which they rise, with a view of establishing himself upon it. Subsequent events transformed the physician into a soldier, and Dr. Warren mountain Bennington co. township on the line of Massachusetts. It is 9 miles S. W. from Bennington, and 21 W. by S. from Stamford, Vt. A Brattleborough. Population, 1830, Branches of the Hoosack and Walloomsack rise here. There are several line fish ponds among the mountains and some good land but the lands in Stamford are gen663. the first great struggle of the Revolution. Dr. Willard afterwards put Dr. Warren's plan into opera; tion, by building a large hotel for the reception of patients and oth- erally too elevated for culture. The establishment is at presers. Stamford, C't. ent owned by Mr. Jasper Hyde, and its former reputation is fully Fairfield co. This beautiful town sustained, and it is a place of much is bounded on the S. by Long resort for the purposes of health or Island Sound, and on the N. W. by pleasure during the summer season. the state of New York. Its Indian There are two distinct springs, the name was Rij)powams, and was medical qualities of which are con- purchased of the natives for " twelve sidered as essefltially different. One coats, twelve hoes, twelve hatchets, of them contains a solution of iron, twelve knives, two kettles and four The sustained by carbonic acid gas, a fathom of white wampum." portion of marine salt, some earthly soil of Stamford is a rich gravelly substances, and what has been call- loam, well cultivated and very proed natron, or a native alkali. This ductive. The surface is undulaspring has been known and used for ting, presenting a great variety of a length of time, and has been pro- delightful prospects. The town is nounced by chemists to be one of well supplied with mill sites by the most efficacious chalybeate Mill and Miannas rivers, and, withsprings in the United States. The in its bay, between Shippan and other spring, the medical virtues of Greenwich points, are good harbors which were not known till about for vessels of 8 1-2 feet draught of the year 1810, contains, according water. There are a number of to the opinion of Professor Silliman, vessels owned here, and Stamford (who examined it in that year) a is a place of an active trade with large portion of hydrogen gas, of the surrounding country and New sulphur, and a small proportion of York. There are within the limits iron. These springs did not acquire of the town an iron foundry, a rollfell in �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. ing mill, a wire factory, and two large boot and slioe manufactories. Stamford Borough is a neat village, beautifully situated near the Sound, and surrounded by a country full of interesting scenery. This was the residence of the Hon. Abraham Daveivport, for many years one of the Counsellors of the colony, and afterwards of the state. He was the son of the Rev. John Davenport, the second minister of Stamford, and grandson of the Rev. John Davenport, the father of New Haven colony. Mr. Davenport was distinguished for his vigorous mind. Christian integrity, and for his uncommon iirmness of charAn instance of his firmness acter. is here quoted. "The 19th of May, 1780, was a Candles dark day. remarkable were lighted in many houses ; the birds were silent and disappeared, and the fowls retired to roost. The legislature of Connecticut was then very in session at Hartford. general opinion prevailed, that the day of judgment was at hand. The House of Representatives, being unable to transact their business, adjourned. proposal to adjourn the Council was under consideration. When the opinion of Mr. Davenport was asked, he answered, 'I am against an adjournment. The day of judgment is either approaching, If it is not, there is no or it is not. A A cause for an adjournment if it is, I choose to be found doing mj' duty. I wish therefore that candles may be brought." : Standisli, Mc. Cumberland co. This township is bounded on the N. and N. E. by Sebago Lake, and S. AV'. by Saco river. It lies 6S miles S. W. from Augusta, and 16 N. W. from Portland. This is a good farming town with two pleasant villages. Incorporated, 1785. 2,270. 34* Population, 1837, gtarks, Me. Somerset co. Starks is very pleasantly situated on the W. side of Kennebec river, and is also watered by the Sandy, which unites with the Kennebec at this place. This town possesses great resources in the fertility of the soil, its locaand its mill privileges. 37 miles N. N. E. from Augusta, and 6 W. by N. from Nortion for trade, It lies 1795. ridgev/ock. Incorporated, Wheat Population, 1837, 1,424. crop same year, 7,614 bushels. • Stark, N. II. Coos CO. This town was named Piercy, until a few years since. It was then altered to compliment the memory of Gen. Stark. It contains about 20,000 acres, most of which is broken and extremely uneven. It was settled in 17SS, but the progress of the settlement has been very slow. Population, 236. It lies 10 miles N. E. from Lancaster. Starlcsljorougii, Vt. Addison co. This town is watered by Lewis creek and Huntington river, which are good mill There are three springs streams. in the town, not more than 20 rods a apart, which unite and form stream of sufficient power for a number of mills, and is thus imThe town is rough and proved. Hog's Back mounwestern border, and East mountain passes through its centre, and divides the waters of the rivers. There is some good land in the tovirn, but a large portion mountainous. tain skirts its of the territory is too elevated for cultivation. Here are 2 villages, and the manufactures of iron are considerable. Starksborough was first settled in 178S. It is 22 miles W. by S. from Montpelier, and 18 N. by E. from Middleburv. Population, in 1830, 1,342. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Sterling, Vt. Sterling Peak, in Lamoille co. the South part of this town, ranks among the most elevated summits of the Green Mountain range. i?sue from this mountain town. It was first settled in 1799, and contains 23,040 acres of land. The quality of the soil maybe known by the number of its inhabitants, 183 ; and by the number of its sheep, 350. It lies 24 miles N. by Vi. from Montpelier. Some streams Sterling, Mass. co. This town was about the year 1721. It was taken from Lancaster, in 1781. It lies 40 miles W. from Boston, and 12 N. from Worcester. Worcester first settled watered by Still river. Its surface is uneven, and its soil light. It is Population, 1837, 1,650. The manufactures of the town consist of boots, shoes, leather, straw bonnets, palm-leaf hats, scythe snaiths, chairs and cabinet ware total amount, for the year ending April 1, 1837, $76,528, of which §^53, 228, was for chairs and cabinet : ware. Sterling, Ct. Windham co. This town lies 10 miles S. E. from Brooklyn, and 44 from Hartford. It was E. by S. taken from Voluntown in 1794. Population, 1830, 1,240. The soil is a light gravelly and sandy loam, and produces good grain. Sterling is watered by two branches of Moosup river, a good mill stream, on which are four cotton mills. " Near the centre of this town, there is a cavern, called the " Devil's Den," possessing very singular and curious features. It is situated within a ledge of rocks, and has a circular area of about 100 feet in diameter. The rock is cleft in two places, forming at each a chasm or fissure about 50 feet in depth. through one of which there runs water the other communicates with a room about a small stream of ; 12 feet square, at the interior part of which there is a fire place, and a chimney extending through the rock above, forming an aperture of about 3 feet square. In another part of the rock there is a natural stair case, winding around it from the bottom to the top. In the cold season of the year, a large mass of ice is formed in the room above described, by the dashing of the water down ihe chimney, which continues there through nearly the whole of tlie warm months, the sun being almost excluded from this subterranean recess." Stetson, Me. Penobscot co. This town is bounded N. by Exeter, and S. by Etna and Carmel. It is 63 miles N. E. from Augusta, and 18 W. N. W. from Bangor. It is watered by branches of the Sebasticook and Sowadabscook, Avhich rise here. It was incorporated in 1831. Popula114; 1837,437. The surface of the town is undulating, and the soil excellent. Wheat crop, 1837, 3,704 bushels. tion, 1830, Steiil>en, Washington Me. This is a maritime township, and comprises Dozer's Bay, which sets up from the sea about 9 miles, and contains a number of good harbors. This bay lies co. between Little Menan Point and Goldsborough harbor. It is about a mile wide at its mouth. Steuben is a place of considerable ship building, and a number of vessels are owned here, employed in the coasting trade and fishery. Narraguagus river passes its northeastern border. Steuben lies 107 miles E. from Augusta, and about 35 W. by S. fiom Machias. Incorpoi-ated, 1795. Population, 1837, 802. �— NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Stevens' River, Vt. Still-^vater, This excellent Peacham and Ryegate. It received its name in compliment to Captain Phineas Stevens, the bravedcfender of CharlesThe waters of this town, N. H. river are remarkably clear, and its banks luxuriant and romantic. It meanders about 15 miles, and in its course through Barnet it receives Harvey's lake, a pellucid sheet of water, covering an area of 300 acres. This beautiful river mingles its crystal waters with those of the Connecticut, at Barnet, by a leap of 100 feet in the distance of ten rods, as it were in joy to meet a sister stream on its passage to the Caledonia co. mill stream rises in bosom of the ocean. Stewai'tstowii, N. II., Coos CO., lies on the E. side of the Connecticut, which washes its W. boundary, a distance of 7 miles. It lies 150 miles N. W. from Portland, 150 N. from Concord, and is bounded N. by Canada. The Connecticut river is about 15 rods in width at this place. Bishop's brook, a considerable stream, rises in this town, and falls into the Connecticut at the N. W. Dead water and Mohawk corner. rivers have their sources here. Hall's stream, also, unites with the Connecticut in Stewartstown. There are two ponds in the E. part of this town, called Little and Great Diamond ponds, both well stocked There are no with salmon trout. large mountains in Stewartstown, although there are many elevations. The soil of the intervale is rich, and the uplands productive. Stewartstown was incorporated Penobscot co. A Me. very flourish- ing village, on the lower falls of Penobscot river, in the town of Orono. An immense amount of lumber is sawed at this place, and rafted down to the Bangor market. See Orono. Stockbridge, Vt. Windsor co. This town lies 3G miles S. by W. from Montpelier, and 26 N. W. from Windsor. First settled, 1783. Population, 1830, 1,333. White river passes through the town, and at a place called the " Great Narrows," it is compressed into a channel of but a few feet in width, and, affords the only good mill seat in town. The soil of the town is better for pasturage than tillage. It feeds about five thousand five hundred sheep. Stockbridge, Mass. Berkshire co. This is a fine farming town on both sides of the Housatonick river, 130 miles W. from Boston, and 6 S. from Lenox. Incorporated, 1739. Population, 1830, 1,580; 1837, 2,036. The soil of this town is adapted to all kinds of culture much of it is rich alluvial meadow, and the uplands produce excellent feed for ; cattle. Here is an excellent hydraulic power, and a pleasant village on an extended plain, surrounded by delightful scenery. There arc one cotton and two woolen mills in the town, two tanneries, and manufactures of pig house or iron castings, chairs, boots, shoes, and machinery for boring total amount of the iron and wood manufactures, for the year ending ulation, 1830, 529. Marble April 1, 1837, $380,765. is abundant. tribe of Indians had a reservation of 6 miles square in this town. iron, in During the late war a block fort was erected in this town for dei"ence by a company of militia, and occupied until August, 1S14, when it was destroyed. Pop1799. : A �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. from the val to year 1735 to their rerao New county, New Stockbridge, Oneida York. In 1735 there were 90 adult Indians in the tribe, of whom 52 were baptized by the Rev. John Sargent, a faithful missionary, and their first spiritual guide. Stoddard, N. H, Cheshire CO. This town is bounded N. by Washington, E. by VV^indsor and Antrim, S. by Nelson and Sullivan, and W. by Gilsum and Marlow. It is 14 miles N. N. E. from Keene, and 42 W. S. W. from Concord. This town is situated on the lieight of land between Merrimack and Connecticut rivers. It is mountainous and very rockJ^ The soil is better adapted to grazing than tillage. The south branch of Ashuelot river has its source near the centre of the town. The streams in the cast section, fall into the Merrimack those on the west, into the Connecticut. There are fourteen ponds, some of which are of considerable magnitude. ; to Fryeburgh Academy. Popula- tion, 1837, 290. Stoiieliani, Mass. Middlesex co. This is a small town, rocky and uneven. It has some good soil and much wood. Incorporated, 1725. Population, 1837, 932. During the year ending April 1, 1837, there were made in this town 380,100 pairs of shoes; valued at $184,717, half more employing inhabitants. Spot Pond, a beautiful than its sheet of and pure water, lies in this town, 8 miles N. from Boston. It covers an area of 283 acres, and is 143 feet above high water mark, soft at Boston. StoiiiiigtoiJj Ct. Nev\r London co. This town is situated at the eastern extremity of Long Island Sound at the S. E. corner of the state, and on the line of Rhode Island. It contains an area of about six square miles. The ; is rocky and uneven, but fertile and productive. A considerable land This town was formerly called amount of agricultural products is Limerick. It was incorporated in annually sent from this town to 1774, v/hen it received the name of Nantucket and other places. It is Stoddard, from Col. Samson Stod- watered by the Mystic and Paucadard, of Chelmsford, to whom with tuck, considerable streams, on several others it was granted. The which are cotton, woolen and other settlement commenced in June, factories. Stonington was first set17G9. The first family was that of tled in 1649, and incorporated in John Taggard, whose privations 1658. Population, 1830, 3,101. and hardships were very great. This place was bombarded by Their grain was procured at Peter- British ships during the revolutionborough, at the distanceof 20 miles, ary war, and again on the 10th of which was conveyed by him on his August, 1814, and gallantly deback through the pathless wilder- fended. ness. At one time, they had nothThe harbor of Stonington sets up ing, for six days, on which to sub- from the Sound, opposite Fisher's sist, but the flesh of the moose. island, and is well protected by an Population, 1837, 1,159. expensive Breakwater. This place is noted for the comStoiaeliam, Me. Oxford CO. Stoneham was mercial enterprise of incor- porated in 1834. It lays westerly of Albany, and comprises the grant its people. Large capitals are employed in the whale, seal, and cod fisheries. Five whale ships recently arrived, bring- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. ing each, on an average, 3,100 barrels of oil, and 25,000 pounds of The sealing business in the bone. Pacific Ocean, has been conducted here, very extensively, for many Many years, with great success. ships are built, and a large number of coasting vessels, and some in the "West India trade, belong to this This place is accommodated port. with a marine rail way, and a light house at the entrance of the harbor. Stoningtoii Borough is located on a narrow point of land, extending into the Sound about half a mile. It is It was incorporated in ISOl. their Dorchester, a resi- lands in dence was established for them at this place, and called Punkapog. There were 12 families of ChrisIndians here in 1674. Mr. Elliot, the apostle of the Indians, had the chief agency in their removal. There are two cotton and a woolen mill in the town, and manufactures of boots, shoes, shoe tools, and boot forms total value of manufactures, the year ending April 1, 1837, exclusive of cotton goods, ,$525,940 ; of which $487,390 was tain : Hands emboots and shoes. ployed in the various manufactures, for handsomely laid out, is well built, and contains about 1,200 inhabitants. 928. Many 1736. Stoughton was incorporated in It lies 20 miles S. from BosPopton, and 10 S. from Dedham. strangers visit this place in summer months to enjoy the marine It lies air and delightful scenery. 54 miles S. E. from Hartford, 12 E. from London, and 62 E. from ulation, 1830, 1,591 New New See " Haven. an important point on the New York, Providence, and Boston Rail Road. The distance from New York to Brooklyn, on Stonington 25 from Stonington to Providence, 47 ; and from Providence to Boston 41 miles. Total distance from New York to Boston,by this route, 211 1-2 .; miles. Until the completion of the rail road on Long Island, passengers arc conveyed daily, by to Down is Long Island, across the ferry, is half a mile; from Brooklyn to Greenport, at the easterly part of Long Island, is 9S miles ; from thence, across the Sound, to Stonington, and from New York, and splendid steam safe boats. 1837, 1,993. ; Stow, Me. East." Stow, Vt. Waterbury river Lamoille co. and its branches give this town a good water power, and by which several mills are put into operation. between the Mans- Stow is field and Hog's Back mountains, situated and contains a large tract of level, which appears to have been of alluvial formation. This valley contains some very beautiful Between and productive farms. five and six thousand sheep are kept, and the exports of agricultuStow is ral products are valuable. a flourishing town, and contains a neat and pleasant mountain valley fertile land, village. Stop River) Mass. This stream rises from ponds in "W'rentham, and joins Charles river at Medfield. Stougliton, Mass. Norfolk CO. Some of the head waters of Neponset river rise in this town. When the Indians sold This town was first 1793. It lies 15 miles settled in N. N. W. from Montpelier, 12 S. from Hyde Park, and 26 E. from Burlington. Population, 1820, 957 ; 1830, 1,570. Sto^v, Mass. Stow is watered Middlesex co. by the Assabet river, and possesses The soil is a good water power. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. and good for the It lies 24 miles W, by N. fi-om Boston, and S \V. by S. from Concord. Incorporated, light and sandy, growth of hops. 1683. Population, 1837, 1,134. There are two woolen the town, and mills in manufactures of leather, boots, shoes, straw bonnets, and palm-leaf hats: total value, year ending $231,611. the April Strafford County, 1, BT. 1837, H. Dover, Gilmanton, Gilford and Rochester, are the shire towns. Strafford county is bounded N. by the county of Coos, E. by the state of Maine, S. and S. W. by Rockingham and Merrimack counties, W. by the Pemigewasset river, which separates it from parts of the counties of Grafton and Merrimack, and N. W. by Grafton county. It 63 length, from the mouth of Lamprey river to the N. line of Albany 33 miles wide at the centre. Its shape, like that of all the other counties in the state, is irregular. It contains an area of 1,345 square miles. This county, which extends to the neighborhood of the White mountains, has several considerable mountains within its is Great bay, Long bay and bay, are connected with the Winnepisiogee lake. Smith's pond, in Wolfeborough Sixmile,in Eaton, Merrymeeting, in New Durham, and Lovewell, in Wakefield, are the principal ponds. county. Merry meeting The larger rivers, are the Piscataqua, Salmon Falls, Cocheco, Saco and Swift rivers. The soil of Strafford county, though presenting a great variety, is generally good. The lands are generally hard of cultivation, but the patient laborer finds an Chocorua Peak, in Albany, Sandwich mountain in the same range, Ossipee and Effingham mountains, Gunstock mountain, in Gilford, Moose, in Brookfield and Midlimits. dlcton, TenerifFe, in Milton, and the ridge denominated Blue Hills, are the most elevated. Red Hill, in Moultonborough, has a commanding elevation, and has long attracted visitors. Below, the waters of the Winnepisiogee lie open to the eye, and its numerous islands and bays present a fine appearance. This lake is much the largest body of water in the state, being 22 miles long, and varying from one to eight miles in width. Sullivan orSquam lake, lies partly in this county, and is 6 miles in length, and nearly 5 in width. Ossipee lake is also in tbis for his in- Strafford county. miles in ; ample reward dustry. This county possesses a large hydraulic power, and manufacturing establishments are constantly increasing on its streams. Population, 1830, 58,916. Populalation to a square mile, 44. In 1S37, there were 53,602 sheep in StraiTord, N. H. This town lies 15 miles N. W. fi-om Dover, and 25 E. N. E. from Concord, and is about 7 miles in length, 6 1-2 wide. Bow pond is in the S. W. part of the town, and is about 650 rods long, 400 wide ; its waters form one of the principal branches of the Is- Strafford co. inglass river. The range of Blue hills crosses the N. W. part of the town. The soil here is generally of a good quality. Strafford was formerly a part of Barrington, and was incorporated in 1820. Population, 1830, 2,200. Strafford, Vt. Orange co. This town is watered by a branch of Ompomponoosuc river, and lies 30 miles S. S. E. from Montpelier, 30 N. from Windsor, and 11 S. S. E. from Chelsea. Population, 1830, 1,935. The surface of the town is rough, but the soil is productive. It feeds The a large number of sheep. manufacturing interests of Strafford are quite extensive. " In this township is an extensive �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. bed of the sulphuret of iron, which immense quantities from of copperas are manufactured. The ore is situated on the east side of an elevation, and the bed is about half a mile in length, and from two to three Its depth has not rods in width. company was been ascertained. incorporated by the name of the A " Vermont Mineral Factory Company," in October, 1809, which im- Here it is 2,.500 pounds each. boiled and evaporated to a certain extent, and suffered partially to cool. It is then transferred to the crystalizers, where the copperas continues to crystalize, while cooling, and when the crystalization ceases, the water is again returned to the boilers, mixed with water from the leaches, and again evaporated." mediately commenced the manufacture of copperas, at this place. In 1822, 180 tons of copperas were manufactured here, and in 1823, 158 tons; since that time the manThe ore is vifacture has increased. covered to the depth of about three Befeet with a stratum of earth. low this is a stratum of ferruginous petrifactions, which exhibits forms of buds, leaves, limbs of trees, &c. in admirable perfection. This stratum varies from two to three feet in depth. Below this lies the bed of sulphuret of iron. Its colors are It is very compact. brilliant, varying from that of steel to a bright yellow, and its appearance is occasionally diversilied by small quantities of green copper It is also traversed in many ore. parts by small veins of quartz. The ore is detached from the bed in It is large masses, by blasting. then beaten to pieces with hammers and tiirown into heaps several rods in length, about 12 feet in width, and seven or eight in height. Here it is suffered to lie exposed to the action of the air and moisture until a spontaneous combustion takes place, and the whole heap is converted from the sulphuret to the sulphate of iron, which After usually takes several weeks. the process of burning is completed, the residue is removed to the leaches, where water is passed through it which dissolves the copperas and leaves the earthy matter behind. The water is then conveyed to the boilers, which are made of lead, and weigh about Stratford, N. H. This town lies on the Coos CO. E. bank of Connecticut river, 16 The town miles above Lancaster. is large, extending 10 miles on the river, with a fertile intervale of 1-4 This meadow is to 1 mile wide. skirted in many places by a narrow plain, succeeded by the mountainous regions, covering the whole E. and N. divisions of the town. The soil, except along the river, is rocky, The Peaks, gravelly and cold. tvv'o mountains of a conical form, situated in the S. E. part of the town, are seen at a great distance. They are discovered immediately on entering Dalton, 30 miles below, and stand as land marks in front or to the right, till, on nearer approach, they are lost beliind the intervening hills. Bog brook and several smaller streams, here fall into the Connecticut; and Nash's stream crosses the S. E. part of the town into There is a pond the Amonoosuck. in the S, E. part of the tovv^n, the waters of v.'hich pass into the AmoStratford was incorporanoosuck. Population, in 1830, ted in 1779. 443. Thomas Burnsidc, of this town, one of Rogers' Rangers in the Some years afterFrench war. wards, he was desirous of becoming w^as peace. He procured Colonel Barr to assist his views, and carrying with him, by his dia justice of the rection, as a present, a firkin of butter and a piece of linen, waited upon Gov. Went worth, at Ports- mouth. He stated to tlie governor �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. He was a brave and good an ardent patriot, and in his various public and private relations, sustained a character distinguished for integrity, benevolence and vir- that the inhahitants of his town could not live peaceably any longer without a magistrate. The governor enquired how many inhabitants belonged to the town, and who was the fittest man for the office. Thom- in 1711. answered that himself and his neighbor were the only inhabitants, a skirmish as and himself the only man qualified for the appointment; for his neighbor was no more fit for a justice of the peace than the d 1 was. The governor gave him his commission, and was highly amused with the singularity of the application. Stratford, Ct. Fairfield co. This town was first settled in 1639, by persons from Boston, Roxbury Mass. and Indian and Concord, Wethersfield, Ct. Its name was Cupheag. is about 6 miles in length from north to south, and its breadth from east to west is between 2 and 3 miles. It is bounded north by Huntington, west by Trumbull and Biidgeport, east by the Housatonick, dividing it from Milford, and south by Long Island Sound. The central part of the town is 13 miles S. W. from NewHaven, and 8 E. by N. from Fairfield. The township is mostly level and free from stone, and there is a Stratford very rich alluvial tract of meadows on the river and harbor. The principal street in the town, is one mile in length, running north and south, parallel to the Housatonick; it is level, pleasant, and ornament- ed with shade trees. On this street, and others, in the immediate vicinity, there are about 200 dwelling houses, and 4 houses for public worship. This place lies at the mouth of Housatonick river, and has considerable inland and coasting trade. Stratford Point, jutting out into the Sound, is very pleasant, and a noted landing place for passengers. Gen. David Wooster, was native of this town, and a was born officer, tue. He was mortally wounded in with the British troops, the time of their incursion to at Danbury, in 1777. Stratliaiii, Rockingham CO. N. K. This town lies 39 miles S. E. by E. from Concord, 3 E. N. E. from Exeter, and is situated on the E. side of the W. branch of the Piscataqua river. Stratham is distant about 8 miles from the sea. The land is even, and well calculated for agricultural purposes. Farming is so exclusively the employment of the people, that although a navigable river adjoins it, there is little attention given to any other pursuit. In the east part ot the town, in a swamp, is perhaps the largest repository of peat in the state. This town was a part of the Squamscot patent, or Hilton's purIt was made a town by chase. charter, P/Iarch 20, 1716. Population, in 1830, 838. Strattoii, Vt. Windham A co. mountainous township in the west part of the county, 18 miles N. E. from Bennington, and 22 N. W. from Brattleborough. Branches of Deerfield and Winhall ]-ivers rise here from two ponds. The soil is cold and generally unprofitable. Population, 1830, 312. Strong, Me. Franklin co. This excellent township lies on both sides of Sandy river, 45 miles N. Vi. from Augusta, and bounded South by FarmingPopulation, in 1837, 1,091. is a large body of intervale land on the Sandy, very fertile and Strong contains productive. a pleasant and flourishing village, some mills on the stream, and sevton. There �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. The eral very beautiful ponds. able water privileges. ter's generally a warm loam and productive the surface is elevated, and, in the centre of the town, mountainous. There are about 5,500 sheep in the town. Sudbury is 43 miles S. W. from Montpelier, 47 S. by E. from Burlington, and 17 N. W. from Rutland. Population, 1830, 812. In Porpond, about two miles long, a salmon trout was taken, which weighed twenty seven and a half pounds. Strong was incorporated in 1801, and named in honor of Caleb Stroxg, LL. D., formerly a Senator to Congress, from Ptlassa- soil is : chusetts, and Governor of that state He died at Northampton, 9 years. Mass., his native town, Nov. 7, 1819, aged 74 years. Sudbury River, Mass. This river rises in Hopkinton and its neighborhood, and after passing Franiingham, Natick, SudSturtoridge, 3Isss. bury, V» aylond and Lincoln, it Worcester co. This is a very joins the Assabet at Concord. pleasant town, and is well watered by Quinebaug W. W. W. Sudbury, Mass. river. It lies (JO This ancient Middlesex co. town is situated on the west side porated, 173S. Population, 1830, of a river of the same name, 19 1,688 1837, 2,004. The surface of miles W. by N. from Boston, and Populathe town is uneven and hilly, and 8 S. W. from Concord. It is watered by the soil hard to subdue but it has tion, 1837, 1,388. become productive by good man- a small stream, a branch of Sudbuagement. There are some good ry river. There is a paper mill in the town, a plough factory, and tish ponds in the town, which serve to swell the Quinebaug. There manufactuies of boots and shoes* miles 18 S. S. from from Boston, and Worcester. Incor- ; ; are 6 cotton mills in Sturbridge and manufactures of boots, shoes, leather, chairs, cabinet ware, clothing, palm-leaf hats, trunks harnesses, chairs, wagons, sleighs and pocket rifles; total value, the April year ending 1837, $182,415. 1, Success, N. Coos CO. siderable II. There are several conmoun^aius in this tract, and two or three ponds. Narmarcungawack and Live rivers rise here, and pass westerly into the Androscoggin. Success was granted Feb. 12, 1773, to Benjamin Mackay and others and is 143 miles N. by E. from Concord. Pop; ulation, 1830, 14. Sudbury, Vt. Rutland co. A part of Hubbardston, and Hinkum's ponds lie in this town, neither of which, nor Otter Creek, which passes through the eastern part, produce any consider- annual value about Sudbury was ,'j?20,000. 1635. 1676, about 70 men, on theii march for the relief of Marlbotirst settled in In rough, fell into an ambuscade with the Indians: twenty six of the English were ]eft dead on the field ; the residue were captured, and many of them afterwards tortured and slain. is a West of Sudbury causeway, monument erected to their memory, by president Wadsworth, Harvard College, a son of the of Captain of the Band. Suffield, Ct. Suffield lies on the Hartford co. west side of Connecticut river, and is bounded N. by Massachusetts, to which state it was attached until This territory, 8 by 5 miles, 1752. was purchased about the year 1670, of two Indian Chiefs, for one hun- The surface on the banks of the river, are elevated, and althoush the town is without dred dollars. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. much alluvial meadow, the soil being of a strong deep loam, is very Suffield fertile, and productive. contains some of the best farms in the state. It lies 16 miles N. from Hartford, and 10 S. from SpringPopulation 1S30, 2,690. field. The principal village is pleasantly located on rising ground it contains many handsome buildings ; it is the site of the " Connecticut Literary Institution," and commands delightful views of the river and circumjacent country. GiDEo^r Granger, post master general of the United States from 1801 to 1814, was born in Suffield, He died at Caaandaigua, in 1767. N. Y., in 1822. Oliver Phelps, Esq., " a man of extraordinary enterprise and extensive business, was for many He years a resident of this tov/n. was the 'maker of his own fortunes.' He was a native of Windsor, but ; was bred in this town, and received He ena mercantile education. gaged in business in Granville, Mass., and soon became a very enterprising, sagacious and successful During the revolutionary trader. war, he was employed by the state of Massachusetts, in the commisWhilst in this sary department. situation, his transactions were of a most extensive and responsible nature, and his own paper formed Afa kind of circulating medium. terwards he purchased a large esIn tate, and returned to this town. 1789, he, in connection with the Hon. Mr. Gorham, purchased of the commonwealth of Massachusetts, a tract of land in the western part of the state of York, in what is commonly called the Genesee country, comprising 2,200,000 This is probably the greatacres. est land purchase, or speculation, ever made by two individuals in the United States. This is a very excellent tract of land, having a mild climate, and fertile soil, and an abundance of waters, and is now New comprised in the extensive counties and Steuben. In 1795, Mr. Phelps, together with William Hart and their associates, purchas ed of Connecticut, the tract of land in the state of Ohio, called the Western Reserve, comprising 3,300,000 acres." of Ontario SiifFolk: CoTiiiity, Mass. See Boston and Chelsea. Sugar R,ivcr, W. H. This river originates from Sunapee Lake it passes through part of Wendell, the whole of Newport, and nearly through the centie of Claremont, where it meets the Con; Red necticut. Claremont, is a Water brook, in tributary of Sugar river. Sullivan, Me. Hancock co. This maritime town is situated at the head of Frenchman's bay, 93 miles E. from Augusta, and 17 E. by S. from Ellsworth. Population "l837, 611. Sullivan has mill privileges, and is finely located for ship building, and other branches of business connected with navigation. This town was incorporated in 1789, and received its name in honor of John Sullivan, LL. D., a major general in the revolutionary war ; afterwards member of congress, president of New Hampshire, and district Judge of the U. He was born in Maine, S. Court. and died in New Hampshire, 1795. James Sullivan, LL. D., a brother of Gen. Sullivan, was born He early esat Berwick, in 1744. poused the cause of his country, and sustained the officesof member of the provincial congress, attorney general and governor of Massachusetts, with great talents and faithfulness. He died while governor, in 1S08, at a period of great political excite- ment, honored and beloved by parties. all �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Sullivan County, X. H. JVewport, chief town. This county is bounded N. by Grafton county, E. by Memmack and a part of Hillsborough counties, S. by Cheshire county, and W. by Connecticut river, or the state of Vermont. It was taken from Cheshire county in 1827, and contains an area of about 533 square miles. PopulaPopulation, 1830, 19,687. The surtion to a square mile, 37. face of the county is elevated, but not mountainous: Croydon mounthe highest. Along the streanis, tain is particularly on Connecticut river, the soil is rich and exceedingly productive. The uplands produce good grain, and afford excellent pasturage for which many are reared market. Although this is the smallest county in the state; in 1837, it had 71,076 sheep, whose wool, cattle, of for being partly Saxony, would average as good as full blood Merino. Besides the Connecticut, which waters its whole western frontier, the Ashuelot,Cold, Sugar, Little Sugar rivers, and other streams furnish the county with an abundant water power, and Sunapee Lake and numerous ponds give beauty to its otherwise varied and picturesque scenery. Augusta, and 8 N. IS. H. Paris name from Sumjver, who was Increase governor of Massachusetts in 1798, when was incorporated. the town Gov. Sumner was a native of Roxbury, Mass. He died in 1799, aged 52 years. Sunajjee This lake ILalce, N. H. W. the situated in is part of Merrimack county, and the E. part of Sullivan, in the towns of Wendell, New London and New- bury. It is 9 miles long, and about Its outlet is 1 1-2 miles in width. on the W. side through Sugar river. The waters more than 800 of this feet lake are higher than the Connecticut or Merrimack, at the nearest points. Suucook River, N. H. This river rises in a pond beGilmanton and Gilford, near the summit of one of the Suncook mountains, elevated 900 feet above its base. The water from this pond passes through two others at the foot of the mountains, and thence through a flourishing village in the S. E. part of Gilmanton, into Barntv,'een stead, where it receives several tributaries; thence through Pittsfield Sullivan, from Population, 1837,1,190. This town derived its and Epsom, and between Aland Pembroke, into the lensiovvn Merrimack. Cheshire Keene co. The distance from 6 miles, from Concord, 42 The S. E. part of this S. town is watered by Ashiielot river. This town was incorporated in 1787, and received its name from President Sullivan, the chief magistrate Population in of N. H. that year. 1830, 555. W. Suuderlanfl, Vt. is W. Sumner, Me. Oxford CO. Thi"s town is well watered by a branch of Androscoggin river it has a fine soil, and produced in 1837, 7,144 bushels of wheat. It lies 44 miles W. from Bennington first S. S. co. This town was settled in 1765. It lies 87 miles W. from Montpelier, and 15 N. by E. from Bennington. Poputhe town is lation, 1830, 463. watered by several ponds. Battenkill river and Roaring brook. There some fine land along the streams, Sunderland, excellent mill sites, and lead ore in granular limestone. is in Sunderland, Mass. ; Franklin co. the east side This town lies of Connecticut on riv- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. er, 90 miles W. from Boston, and 9 S. b}"^ E. from Greenfield. It was taken from Hadley in 1718. Population, 1S37, 729. The settlement in this town is principally on a street running parallel with the river. Between the street and the river is a tract of fertile meadow on the other side of the village is a more elevated plain, and back of that, Mount Toby rears its lofty Surry, N. H. This town lies 54 Concord, and 6 N. W. from Keene. It is watered by Ashuelot liver, on which there Cheshire miles S. oo. W. from a tract of valuable meadow land, extending almost the whole is : This mountain front. is composed of pudding stone, and the small stones within it are round and smooth as though washed by the ocean they are of various sizes, and of every color. On one side is a cavern 60 feet deep ; and many other ruptures seem to indicate some great change in this mountain since its formation. This village is very pleasant, and the scenery around it is of a fascinating character. The people here are good farmers, and are noted for their good schools and philanthropic disposition. ; Sunkliaze; Me. Sunkhaze stream meets the Pefrom the east, about 15 miles above Old Town village, in Orono. The plantation of Sunkhaze lies on this stream, 82 miles N. E. from Augusta. The popula- nobscot, tion of the plantation, in 1830, was 250. Surry, Me. Hancock W. side of co. Surry Union lies on the river, 6 miles S. Irom Ellsworth, and 87 E. by N. from Augusta. This town is accommodated with navigable privileges, and water power There of superior excellence. are some manufactures in the town, but the inhabitants are generally independent farmers. Many of the farms are rendered very fertile by an inexhaustible bed of shell marl, of a very fine qualIncorporated, 1803. ity. Population, 1830, 561; 1837, 735. length of the town. On the east Ashuelot river is a steep and high mountain, on the summit of which is a pond of about 3 acres in extent, and about 25 feet depth side of of water. Surry was originally a part of Gilsum and Westmoreland. It was incorporated in 1769, deriving its name from *SMrry in England. The first settlement was made in 1764, by Peter Hayward. Population, 1830, 539. Sutton, ]V. H. Merrimack co. This town lies 25 miles W. N. W. from Concord. The southerly and largest branch of Warner river enters this town on the south, runs a short distance, and passes off into Warner again. The northerly branch of this river runs nearly through the centre of the town from north to south, and affords several good mill seats. Stevens' brook, another considerable branch of Warner river, has its source on the W. side of Kearsai-ge, and runs about 4 miles in this town, in a S. E. direction. There is also a large branch of Blackwater which has riv- source about the western confines of Kearsarge, and flows through this town in a N. On the E. course about 3 miles. margin of this stream, there is some er, rich its meadow and intervale land. There are several ponds, the most important of which are Kezar's pond, situated towards the N. part of the town, which is about 190 rods square ; and Long pond, situated at the south part of the town. Kearsarge mountain extends more than half the length of Sutton ou �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. the E. side. King's Hill is situated on the W. part of Sutton. On the most elevated part of this hill, which rises within a few feet as high as Kearsarge, there is one of the most extensive landscape views in the country. On the W. is seen the Sunapee lake, the Ascutney, and highlands in Vermont to the Green mountains; on the S. the Sunapee and Monadnock on the E. you almost overlook Kearsarge, and on the north the Cardigan and White ; hills. Sutton was granted in 1749. It called Perrys-toion, from Obatliah Perry, one of its Oi-iaiual and was principal The proprietors. tirst settlement was made in 1767. Population, 1S30, 1,424. On the W. bank of Kezar's pond, were several acres of land, which fippeared to have been cleared of their original forests. Here were found several Indian hearths, laid with stone, and with much skill and ingenuity. Indian burial Here was found an Gun barrels and arrows have been found in this place. sacred repository. Near the pond, have been found stone pestles, mortars and tomahawks. Sutton, Vt. Caledonia CO. This town is wa- by several ponds and by hranches of Passumpsic river. It lies IS miles N. E. from Montpelier. and 13 N. from Danville. First settled, 1791. Population, 1830, 1,005. 7'he surface of the town is level, and in some parts so low as to render the soil cold and unproductered tive. Sutton, Mass. Worcester co. This is a very pleasant and flourishing town, 44 miles W. by S. from Boston, and 9 S. by E. from Worcester. Incorporated, 1715. Population, 1830, 2,186; 1837, 2,457. Sutton is watered bv BUickstone 05* river, and the Blackstone canal passes through the town. There are in the town four cotton and two woolen mills, two scythe factories, and manufactures of boots, shoes, shuttles and spindles: total year $309,578. the ending April 1, value, 1837, The surface of the town is agreeably diversified, and the soil capable of producing good crops. Granite and soapstone are abundant. " Purgatory Cavern," in this town, is a great curiosity. It is a fissure in gneiss, nearly half a mile long, in most parts partially filled by the masses of rock that have been deThe sides tached from the walls. are often perpendicular, and some times 70 feet high being separated from each other about 50 feet. ; Swanzey, N. H. Cheshire co. This town lies 6 S. from Keene, and 60 S. W. from Concord. The principal streams are the Ashuelot and the South Branch rivers. The former passes through Swanzey in a S. W. direction, and empties into the Connecticut at Hinsdale. This is a stream of much importance, and is made navigable for boats as far up as Keene, excepting a carrying place about the rapids at WinchesThe South Branch unites ter. with the Ashuelot about one mile north from the centre of the town. The surface here is somewhat diversified with hills, valleys, and swells of upland. There is one pond in the S. W. part of the town, the source of the South Branch. There is a mineral spring, the water of which is impregnated with miles sulphate of iron. Some iron ore has been discovered. Here are 2 cotton factories, 1 cotton and woolen factory, and other machinery. Swanzey was first granted by After the run, it was Massachusetts, in 1733. divisional line was granted in 1753, by shire. New Hamp- Until that time it had been �NEW ENGLAND called Indian was Lower Ashuelot, from the name of the river, which originally Ashaelock. From 1741 to 1747, this town suffered much from Indian depredaSeveral of the inhabitants tions. and many were made After Massachusetts withdrew her protection, the settlers collected together their household furniture, such as chests, tables, iron and brass ware, and concealed it in the ground, covering of concealment with the place leaves, trees, &c., and left their were killed prisoners. plantation to the disposition of the Indians, who were not tardy in setting fire to their forts, which, with every house except one, they reduced to ashes. Most of the people went to their former places of residence in Massachusetts. They returned about three years afterwards, and nothing about their former habitation Avas to be seen, but ruin and desolation. Population, 1830, 1,816. Swanzey, Mass« Bristol CO. This town lies between Somerset, and Bristol, R. I. An arm of Mount Hope bay sets up some miles into the town, on which is some navigation and ship building. There are two paper mills, a cotton and a woolen mill in the town, and manufactures of vessels, boots and shoes: annual value, about $50,000. Swanzey is a very pleasant town, interesting as the scene of much savage aggression. Here it was that Philip commenced his war, in 1675, by plunder and murder. and GAZETTEER. on the east side of Lake Champlain, opposite to North Hero and Alburgh. It is 50 miles N. AV. from Montpelier, 28 N. from Burlington, and is bounded by St. Albans on the south, and Highgate on situated Population, 1830, 2,158. first settled by the whites in 1787. At that time the St. Francois Indians had about fifty cabins here, and large plantations of the north. Swanton was corn. Missisque river passes through Swanton, and fertilizes a considerable portion of its territory. This river is navigable for lake vessels to falls, six miles from its Swanton mouth. These 46 miles S. by W. from Boston, and 14 S. W. by S. from Taunton. Incorporated, 1667. Population, 1837, 1,627. descend twen- feet, and an abundance of beautiful marThis marble is of various colors, and large quantities of it ig ble. wrought into all desired patterns, polished, and transported. The surface and soil of the town is favorable to agricultural pursuits, with the exception of a part bordering the lake, which is low, wet and cold ; and which is the favorite abode, in summer, of wild geese, ducks and other water fowls. The village of Swanton is pleasantly located, and is the site of a number of manufactories, and of an increasing trade from the interior country, and to New York and Canada. of Swanton may boast of the purity its air and water, and of a Wal- is It lies falls and, with other smaller streams, give to Swanton a water power of great value. Bog iron ore is found in this town, ty who ter Scott, died in 1815, aged 110 years. Swanville, Me. Waldo CO. This town lies 8 miles N. from Belfast, and 46 E. by N. It was incorporafrom Augusta. It is watered by ted in 1818. Paasaggassawakeag lake and Sivantoia, Vt. river, and possesses a pleasant surface and Franklin co. This township is fertile soil. Population, 1837, 794. �— NEW ENGLAND Wheat crop, same year, 2,556 bush- esque appearance. The town lies ridges and valleys, generally rocky and fertile. The princ-ipal in els. Svredeu, Me. rivers are Oxford CO. The waters from Kezer pond in Lovell, pass through this town, and give it mill privi- Sweden 9 miles N. E. from Fryeburg, 19 S.W. from Paris, and 62 W. S. W. from Augusta. Population, in Incorporated, 181.3. Wheat crop, same year, 1837, 621. 1,485 bushels. leges. GAZETTEER. lies S>vift Rivers. Bearcamp, which passes through the town in an easterly direction, and discharges its waters Swift river, Ossipee lake ; rises near the N. W. corner of the town, and passing through its centre, mingles its waters with into which the Bearcamp ; and Conway river, proceeding from Conway pond, near Albany ; and crossing the S. line of Tamworth, near the S. E. corner of the town, near which it empties Swift river, in Maine, is a branch of the Androscoggin, from the N. These rivers unite at Mexico. Swift river, in J\^ew Hampshire, rises among the mountains in the ungranted lands N. W. of Albany, and passes through the town from west to east with great rapidity, and Its falls into the Saco in Conway. whole course is rapid, and in one place it falls 30 feet in the distance of 6 rods, through a channel in the solid rock of about 12 feet wide the sides being from 10 to 30 feet At the upperpendicular height. per part of these falls, are found several circular holes worn perpendicularly into the rock, several feet in depth and from 6 inches to 2 feet in diameter. There is another small river in Tamworth of the same into name. Plymouth, Mass., Bearcamp river. By these and other small streams, the town is uncommonly well watered. On these streams is a great number rivers, Tamof excellent mill privileges. worth was granted in 1766, and Population, was settled in 1771. 1830, 1,554. Tariffville, Ct. See Simsbury. Taughkaunic Mountains. This range of mountains skirt the western border of New England, and separate the waters of the Housatonick and Hudson. Taunton River. This river rises in the county of and falls into Swift river, in Massachusetts, Mount Hope Bay. The Taunton and its branches, water the towns it rises in a pond in New Salem passes through the towns of Pres- of Abington, Hanson, Halifax, and the Bridge waters, cott, Greenwich and Belchertown, Plympton, all and joins the Chickopee at Palmer. Raynham, Taunton, Berkley, Dighton, Freetown, Fall river, SomerTam^vortli, N. H. It is navigable set and Swansey. This town is situa- to Taunton, for small vessels, and Strafford co. contemplated improveted on the post road from Concord with its enabled to Portland, about 58 miles from ments, steam boats will be to run to Taunton, and thus become each, and 30 N. from Gilford. There is no mountain situated another channel of conveyance beOn the N. tween Boston and New York. This wholly in this town. mountains of Albany, and river is celebrated for the great and are the the S. the line crosses a part of Os- widely distributed water power it The mountains to produces, and for the multitude of sipee mountain. the N. have a romantic and pictur- alewives within its waters. : �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. founder was Miss Elizabeth Poole following i* on her grave stone : Tarnitou, Mass. The One of the cliief towns in Bristol This very beautiful town is situated at the junction of Canoe, Rumfoi-d and Taunton rivers, and possesses an excellent water power. CO. There is some excellent land in town, and this proprietors display much taste in its cultivation. The business of the place is, however, rather in manufactures than agriculture. There are 8 cotton mills and a print works, in the town ; also a paper mill, 3 nail factories, a forge, a furnace, and manufactures of boots, shoes, leather, hats, chairs, brick, vessels, straw bonnets, and britannia, stone and cabinet wares total value of the manufactures, the year ending April 1, 1837, exclusive of cloth printing and iron castings, ^1,425,552. The number of hand.* employed in these manufactures was 1,308. There is some navigation owned in this town, which is employed in the coastwise trade, and domestic fishery. The manufacture of britannia ware at this place, is of recent origin in this country, and proves sucits " Here rest the remains of Elizabeth Poole, a native of Old England, of good family, friends, and prospects, all which she left in the prime of her life, to enjoy the religion of her conscience, in this distant wilderness ; a great proprietor of the township of Taunton, a chief promoter of its settlement, and its incorporation in 1639 10 3 about wliich time she settled near this spot, and having employed the opportunity of her virgin state in piety, liberality, and sanctity of manners, died May 21, 1G64, aged 65." — Temiscouata Lake, Me. See Madawaska River. Temple, Me. This was formerly Kennebec county. It lies 40 miles N. N. W. from Augusta, and is bounded N. by Farmington. PopIt was incorporated in 1803. ulation, 1837, 871. Wheat crop, same year, 5,793 bushels. Franklin co. a part of Temple, Hillsborough co. 'N. H. Temple is 12 W. by S. from Amherst, and manufactur- 40 S. S. W. from Concord. The cessful. The articles ed, are tea sets, castors, urns, and all the varieties of that description of ware. The quality of the metal, and beauty of the polish of this ware, is said to equal any imported from " Britannia." The village contains a large num- ber of handsome public and private buildings, tastefully located around a beautiful enclosure, called "Taunton Green." This public walk is ornamented with trees, which heightens the beauty of this de- lightful village. Taunton is 32 miles S. from Bos- by N. from Providence, and 32 N. E. from Newport. A rail road connects this town with ton, 20 E. Population, 1820, 4,520; Boston. 1830, 6,042 1837, 7,647. The settlement of this place commenced ia 1637. Its principal miles several streams which empty inSoiihegan river at Wilton, rise among the mountainous tracts on the W., and generally from sources within the limits of Temple. This town is of considerable elevation. The prospect towards the E. and S. is very extensive, and presents a rich and diversified scenery. From the highest point of elevation, in a clear atmosphes-e, about 20 meetinghouses may be seen by the naked eye. The surface is uneven and pleasant. The soil is tolerably good. Temple is the easterly part of what was called Peterborough Slip. It was incorporated in 1768. Population, in 1830,641. to Templeton, Mass. ; Worcester co. Several streams, affording good mill seats, water this �NEW ENGLAND town, and pass to the Connecticut, by Miller's and Chickopee rivers. The surface of the town is uneven, but not mountainous; the elevated parts afford good pasturage, and the excellent crops of grain valleys, and hay. Tlie manul'actures consist of woolen goods, boots, shoes, leather, iron castings, shoveb, hoes, spades, forks, palm leaf hats, chairs, carriages, and cabinet, tin and wooden wares: value, the year ending April 1, 1S37, $145,400. The village is very pleasantly located, and presents some beautiful landscapes. This town lies 60 miles W. N. W. from Boston, and 26 N. N. W. from Worcester. Incorporated in 1762. Population, 1837, 1,690. Tewlisbury, Mass. Middlesex co. The Indians call- Wamesit. It lies on the south side of Merrimack river, 19 miles N. W. by W. from Boston, ed this place and 6 E. S. E. from Lowell. Incorporated, 1734. Population, 1337, 907. The surface of the town is level, and the soil light and sandy. Tlxames River, Ct. This river is formed by the union of Quinebaug, Shetucket and Yantic rivers, near Norwich, and is navigable from that place to New London, 14 miles. The banks of this river are romantic and beautiful, and possess great interest, as the residence of the once powerful, noble hearted and brave Mohegans. Thatch.er's Island, Mass. See Gloucester. Thetford, Vt. Orange town is pleasantly situated on tlie west side of co. Tl)is an elevation, the base of which is only 4 rods from Connecticut river, and 100 feet in height. It is very deep ; it has neither inlet or outlet, and contains large quantities of perch and other tish. The surface of the town is generally rocky and uneven; it has but little intervale, but the soil is strong and productive. It feeds between 7 and 8,000 sheep. There are some manufactures Mi branches, give the town an excellent water power. There are several ponds in Thetford, one of which is worthy of notice. It covers about 9 acres, and is situated on in the town, a rich vein of galena, and three neat villages. Thetford was first settled in 1761. It lies 34 miles S. S. E. from Montpelier, and 18 S. E. from Chelsea. Population, in 1830, 2,113. Tliomastou, Me. Lincoln co. This is a very flourishing maritime town, situated between the western entrance of Penobscot Bay and St. Georges' river, and comprises the celebrated peninsula of OwVs Head. It lies 36 miles S. E. from Augusta, 37 E. from Wiscasset, and is bounded N. W. by AVarren. Incorporated, 1777. Population, in 1820, 2,651; 1830, 4,221 ; 1837, 5,272. Thomaston is the site of the State prison, which is located on the bank of the St. George. The buildings occupy a plat of 10 acres, including a marble quarry ; they are all of stone, and are surrounded by a high stone wall. The convicts are principally employed in cutting granite into various forms for building, and which, when prepared, is transported by water. The granite is of an excellent quality, and is found in large quantities on the river. Thomaston is a place of consider- maritime commerce and ship building; but the most important able to Lyme, business of its people, The Ompomponoosuc and rying and burning of Connecticut river,opposite N. H. GAZETTEER. the quarlime, from inexhaustible ledges of limestone within its limits. There are annually made at this place, no less than 350,000 casks of lime, the same in quality and reputation as that preis �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. pared at Camden, 10 miles distant. This manufacture, united with those of granite and marble, give employment constant number ' of men Thomaston is to a large a beautiful Atlantic Tliompsoji, Ct. This town lies 47 from Hartford, 14 N. from Brooklyn, 27 W. N. W. from Providence, R. I., and 53 S. W. from Boston. It is bounded N. by Massachusetts, and E. by Rhode Island. It was formerly a part of Killingly, and was first settled about the year 1715. The surface of the town is hilly, but not mounco. miles E. N. E. presents a pleasing vaelevations and valleys. The soil is a gravelly loam, strong, and productive of good crops of corn and hay, and affords excellent pasturage. French river meets the Quinnebaug near the centre of the town, and Five Mile river, issuing from several ponds, waters the easttainous riety of : it These streams give ern part. to the town a valuable water power, and on their banks are the pleasant and thriving villages of Masonsville, Fishersville and Boston. These are manufacturing villages, and contain 10 cotton and woolen mills, and a number of other manu- New . This town factures. very pleasant ; it is large, contains a class and mechanics. The population of Thompson, in 1837, was about 4,100. The Indian name of the place was Quinnetessett. The plantations of the natives are still apparent. Tliorndilte, Me. "N. II., Grafton co., is bounded N. by Peeling and Lincoln, E. by ungranted land, S, by Campton, and W.by Ellsworth and Peeling. It is 12 miles N. from Plymouth, and 58 N. by W. from Concord. It is watered by Pemigewasset river, passing through the town from N. to S., by Mad river at the S. E. extremity, and by several small brooks. On Mill brook, there is a cascade, at which the water falls 7 feet in 2 rods, and then falls over a rock 42 feet perpendicular. The intervales on the Pemigewasset are productive. There are many elevations, but none distinguished for a remarkable height. Thornton was granted in 1763. It was first settled in 1770. Thornton was incorporated in 1781. Population, 1830, 1,049. Tinmoutli, Vt. Rutland co. This town is sepafrom Wallingford by Otter Creek. Furnace brook rises from a pond in the south part of the town, and passing through Tinmouth and Clarendon, falls into Otter Creek, at Rutland. This stream has been rated noted a The in is for great quantities of fish of remarkable large and of enterprising and intelligent agriculturalists Tliomtou, and vessels. town, and commands a great variety of marine scenery. Windham ted in 1819. Population, 1837, 763. Wheat crop, same year, 6,975 bushels. size. surface of the town is hilly, some parts mountainous. There some good land on the streams, and a large portion of the high land good for the pasturage of sheep, of which between 3,000 and 4,000 are kept. There are several quarries of beautiful marble in the town, iron ore in abundance, and several iron works. Tinmouth was first is settled in 1770. It lies 8 miles S. Waldo CO. This is an agricultural from Rutland. Population, 1830, town of pleasant surface and fertile 1,049. soil, 59 miles N. E. from Augusta, Tisbury, Blass. and 17 N. W. from Belfast. It is watered by a branch of Sebasticook Dukes CO. Tisbury lies on the Thorndike was incorpora- north side of Martha's Vineyard, river. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. and contains tho noted harbor of This harbor is large and safe, and of a sufficient depth of water for the largest merchantmen. It is much frequented by vessels passing through Vineyard Sound particularly when the winds are contrary. From this harbor, across the Sound, to Falmouth, on Cape Cod, is 6 miles. A number of small vessels belong to this place, and one of 33S tons Is employed in the whale fishery. There are some manufacture3 of salt, boots, shoes, leather, and hats "Holmes' Hole." ; ; 1S37, there were 2,655 sheep in the town. Tisbury is 77 miles S. S. E. from Boston, S W. from Edgarton, and 23 S. E. from New Bedford. Incorporated, lo71. Population, 1S37, and, in sachusetts until 1746. It is 24 miles S. E. from Providence, and 13 N. Population, E. from Newport 1830, 2,905. The captor of the British General Prescott, was a native of Tiver- His name was Tak, ton. a slave, the property of Thomas Sisson. a " During the wealthy farmer. Revolution, Tak was sent by his master into the army, to serve as a substitute for another man who was drafted. When Col. Barton took Gen. Prescott on Long Island, Tak was one of Col. Barton's chosen men and the one on whom he ; most depended. Having entered the house where Gen. Prescott was quartered, Col. Barton, ed by Tak and two or three proceeded silently to the followothers, door of chamber where General Prescott was sleeping. The colonel the 1,461. Tiverton, R. I. finding the door fastened, turned Newport co. Tiverton is bounded N. and E. by Massachusetts, S. by Little Compton, and W. by the eastern passage into Mount Hope and whispering to Tak, I w;ish that door opened, General Prescott taken, and carried by tlie guard to the boat, without the least noise or and Narraganset bays. It is connected with Portsmouth, on the island of Rhode Island, by a stone bridge at a place called " Howland's Ferry." disturbance.' The surface of the town is varied and valleys. Its structure is granite, and the land, in some The soil is principarts, is stony. pally a gravelly loam, and capable There of producing good crops. are valuable forests of timber in the town, and a considerable number of sheep. The navigable privileges of Tiverton are of a superior kind and are improved, to some extent, in the fishery, and foreign and domesThere are large ponds tic trade. in the town, well supplied with by hills ; These ponds produce a water power which is applied to the manfish. ufacture of cotton and other mate- " Tak stepped back two or three paces, then plunging violently against the door, burst it open, and rushed into the middle of the room. At the same instant General Prescott sprang from his bed and seized his gold watch, hanging upon the wall. Tak sprang upon him like a tiger, and clasping the general in his brawny arms, said in a low, stern voice, 'One word, and you area dead man!' Then hastily snatching the general's cloak and wrapping it round his body, and at same time telling his compan- the ions to take the rest of his clothes, he took the general in his arms, as if a child, and ran with him by the guard towards the boat, followed by Colonel Barton and the rest of his company." Tak was more than little six feet in height, well proportioned, and re- rials. This town was attached ' to Mas- markable for liis shrewdness, agil- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. and strength. He attained great age, and was never known to taste of any kind of meat. ity Tollancl, Mass. Hampden co. Tolland is situated on the border cf Litchtield county, Connecticut, and is watered by the upper branch of Farmington river. The surface is elevated, but the lands are finely adapted for graz- ing. There town of are manufactui-es in the shovels, spades, forks, hoes, and wooden ware ; and here is a large tannery, but the inhabitants are chiefly farmers. Tolland was incorporated in 1810. Population, 1830, 570. It lies 110 miles W. S. W. from Boston, and 20 W. from Springfield. Tolland County, Ct. Tolland is the chief town. This county was taken from Hartford and Windham counties in 17S6. It is bounded N. by Massachusetts, E. by Windham, S. by New London, and W. by Hartford counties. Its greatest length from N. to S. is 30 miles. It covers an area of 337 square miles. Population, 1820, 14,330 1830, 18,700. Inhabitants to a square mile, 56. The western part of the county lays within the great valley of the Connecticut it is generally free from stone, undulating, fertile and productive the eastern section is within the granitic range which extends through the state much of this portion of the county is covered with forests; that part which is cleared affords good grazing. In 1837, there were in the county 23,096 sheep. The Scantic, Willimantic, Salmon, Hockanum and Hop rivers, with their tributaries, afford the county a good water power, and manufactures flourish within its limits. ; : : : Tolland, Ct. Shire town of Tolland county. This town has a population of 1,700 inhabitants, and is situated on the nearest mail route from Hartford to Boston. Its products are English It congrain, grass, potatoes, Sec. two small woolen manufactowith water power sutficient to operate a greater number with corresponding machinery. It lies 1.8 miles E. N. 11. from Hartford, 17 N. from Windham, 27 W. N. W. from Brooklyn, and 30 N. from Norwich. The land is rather sterile, mountainous and uneven. The inhabitants are industrious and inteltains ries, ligent, Topsiield, Me. Washington co. This township was number eight in the second range north of the Bingham Penobscot Purchase. It was incorporated We guess that year 1838. lies about 25 miles N. N. E. from the mouth of MatawamWe should like to keag River. ^•notfj " how the land lies." See " Down East." in the this town Topsiield, Mass. Essex CO. This is a very pleas- by Ipswich river branches. The surlace is ant town, watered and its agreeably diversified by hills and valleys. There are some fine tracts of intervale in the town, and the uplands possess a strong soil, ren- dered productive by industrious and farmers. skilful manufacture is The that of principal boots and shoes,in which between 500 and 600 hands are employed, making annually about $100,000 in value. This town lies 21 miles N. by E. from Boston, and 9 N. by W. from Salem. Population, 1837, 1,049. Topsfield was first settled about the year 1642. It was incorporated in 1650. Among the names of the first settlers were Peabody, Per- Cummings, Bradstreet, Gould, Town, Easty, Smith, and Wildes many of whose deseeni,- kins, Clark, ; �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. ants now cultivate the soil of their progenitors. menced the kind, Topsliatn, Me. manufacture of brass the establishment of believed, in the Uni- kettles, the first it is ted States. One of the shire towns of Lincoln WolcottviUe owes its rise, prinCO. Topsham is pleasantly situated cipally, to Oliver Wolcott, on the N. side of Androscoggin riv- secretary of the United States er, opposite to Brunswick. This is a good farming town, and, in common with Brunswick, enjoys a great hydrauhc power, and accommodabuilding and naviga- tions for ship tion. It is a place of considerable trade, and mucli ly shipped. lumber is Topsham was ; This town is on elewith a rocky, strong adapted to grazing. It contains much granite, and is watered by the upper branches of Wait's which propel a number of The town was first settled Population in 1781. 1830, 1,384. from j\Iontpelier, 47 N. from Windsor, and 15 N. E. from Chelsea. It is 19 miles S. E. Torrington, Litchfield first settled in diversified the soil is by co. 1737. Middlesex co. The surface of town is rather level some parts this Ct. This town was Its surface is and valleys, and better adapted to grazing hills than the culture of grain. There are many sheep in the town, and the products of the dairy are con- productive, trees. south part of the 26 miles W. N. W. from Hartford, 40 N. by W. from New Haven, and 7 N. by E. from Litch; This vilhigc is situated in a and contains an extensive woolen factory, a church, an academy, and a number of handsome dwelling houses. Near this village, a good bed of copper ore has recently been discovered and ^Ir. Israel Coe, the proprietor, has com- field. valley, ; 36 watered by a of it is fruit branch ot "Townsend Harbor," on wich. N. H., is to New Ips- an active, pleasant The manufactures of this consist of leather, palm-leaf hats, boots, shoes, ploughs, straw bonnets, fish barrels, nail kegs, and village. town dry casks; annual value, about This town was incorpo,^75,000. rated in 1732. Population, in 1830, 1 ,506 ; 1837, 1 ,749. It lies 38 miles N. from Boston, and 22 N. W. from Concord. Toii'iislieutl, Vt. Windham first town gener- some sections the road from Groton branches of Naugatuck river meet at WolcottviUe, a beautiful village, in the soil is particularly It is erations. first Two The the Nashua, a beautiful mill stream, on which are divers mechanical op- Population, 1830, 1,654. siderable. ; are pine plains. ally light, but in soil, river, mills. To-ivnsencl, Mass. in Topsliani, Vt. Orange co. vated ground ; annual- incorporated Population, 1837, 1,778. 1764. Treasury, during the administrations of Washington and John Adams and governor of Connecticut 10 successive years. He was born at Litchfield, and died in New York, 1833, aged 74. settled co. in This tov.n was 1761. Among the was Gen. Samuel Fletcher, who was a sergeant at the battle of Bunker Hill, in 1775, settlers, and a captain at Ticonderoga, in 1777. He afterwards rose to the rank of inrijor general of the militia was high sherifTof the county 18 years, and finally became judge of the court. Lie was formerly a blacksmith but having welded himself to a buxom lass, he came to thi^-, then wilderness spot, and, with his axe cut his way to fortune, usefulness and renown. ; ; �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. West river passes through the town with considerable rapidity along its banks are some tracts of good intervale but the surface of is generally hilly, and the soil more calculated for grazing than tillage. There are some manufactures in the town, a high school of good reputation, and two pleas; the town ant villages. Townshend lies 12 miles N. N. W. from Brattleborough, 23 N. E. from Bennington, 95 S. from Montpelier, and is bounded S. by Newfane. Population, 1830, 1,38G. was then called Montgomery, and changed again in 1827, to its present name. If these Trojans are name of their town, they are good farmers, and produced in 1837, 9,194 bushels of wheat. The surface of the town is undulating and fertile a large part of it is covered with heavy timber. It is watered by a branch of the Sebasticook, from v/hich river it lies about 6 miles S. E. It is 39 miles N. E. from Augusta, and 25 N. W. from Belfast. Population, in 1830, 803; 1837, 1,110. fickle about the ; Trenton, Me. Hancock Trenton Troy, N. 11. advantages Cheshire co. This town is bounded N. by Marlborough, E. by Jaffrey, S. by Fitzwilliam, and W. by Richmond and Swanzey. It is about 60 miles S. W. from Concord, and 12 S. E. from Keene. The in- large habitants are principally agricultu- co. is situated on a navigable passage between Frenchman's bay on the E., Union river on the W., and N. of the island town of Eden. It possesses great and a for navigation, portion of its people is engaged in ship building, the coasting trade and tishery. Incorporated in 1789. Population, in 1S37, 924. Trenton is 7 miles S. by E. from This town was taken from Marlborough and Fitzwilliam, and ralists. incorporated in 1815. Ellsworth. Troy, Ti-escott, Washington co. Me. This is an At- and bounded N. E. by comprises Moose cove, Bailey's mistake and Haycock harbors, and is flourishing in its trade lantic town, Lubcc. It and navigation. It was incorporated in 1827. Population, in 1830, 480; 1837, 713. Trout River, Vt. Population, in 1830, 676. "Vt. Orleans co. Troy lies 47 miles N. from Montpelier, 51 N. E. from Burlington, 11 N. N. W. from Irasburgh, and is bounded N. by Canada. First settled Population, 1830, 608. in 1800. During the war for "sailors' rights," most of the inhabitants left the town, which greatly retarded its growth. It is finely watered by Missisque river, and its tributaries the surface is generally level, and the soil productive, particularly on the sides of : Franklin co. This river is form- ed in Montgomery, by sevei-al branches it runs in a N. W. direction and falls into the Missisque on the border of Enosburgh and Berkshire. This is a good mill stream, and with its tributaries, fertilizes considerable tracts of coun; try. Troy, Me. Waldo This territory was from 1812 to 1826 it CO. called Joy : the streams. The Falls on the Missisque, produce a great water power, and proThese falls pel some machinery. pass down a ledge of rocks about 70 feet. rock projects over them, 120 feet in perpendicular height. From this rock, the falls, the deep still water in the gulph below, with the romantic scenery around the place, present a spectacle of great A �— NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. to the curious traveller. rocks here are chlorite, serpentine, "limestone, soapstone and interest The mica slate. Trumljiill, Ct. This territory was Fairfield co. formerly called North Stratford, and was taken from Stratford and incorThis porated as a town, in 1798. is a small town of about 5 by 4 1-2 miles. It lies 5 miles N. from the It is watered city of Bridgeport. by the Pequannock which empties The surinto Bridgeport harbor. face is varied by hills and valleys the soil is a gravelly loam, productive of good crops of grain and hay. Population, 1830, 1,242. Tamtashua hill, in the north part of the town, is the first land seen, in this direction, from the ocean. men of noble daring in all her enon the ocean. In 1837, there were 63 vessels owned at Truro, employed in the cod and terprises mackerel fishery, measuring 3,437 tons; the product of which, in one year, was 16,950 quintals of cod fish, and 15,750 barrels of mackerel, valued $145,350. at The hands employed was The value of salt manufac- number of 512. tured, annually, is about $20,000. There are also, manufactures of palm-leaf hats, boots, shoes, &c. No one would suppose that this was much of a wool growing place ; and it is not so in regard to the quantity grown, but much so as it In 1837, the regards its means. people of Truro sheared 400 sheep If the sinof their own rearing. gle county of Penobscot, in Maine, would produce as much wool, in Truro, Mass. proportion to its territory and the Barnstable co. Truro lies on quality of its soil, as the town of Cape Cod bay, between Welfleet Truro, there would be no cause of and Provincetown ; it is nearly sur- strife about the tariff on wool or for the quantity rounded by water ; by Pamet riv- woolen cloths er, which sets in from Cape Cod bay would be sutficient to clothe all the on the south, and by Cape Cod har- inhabitants on the globe. Truro was Truro was incorporated in 1709. bor in Provincetown. the Pamet of the Indians, and after It lies 41 miles below Barnstable, and 106 from Boston, by land. Popits settlement, in 1700, was called Dangerfield for some years. Pam- ulation, 1830, 1,.549 3 1837,1,806. et river affords a good harbor for Tiiftoiii>oroiigli, N. II., fishermen ; it lies about 5 miles S. Strafford co., is about 50 miles E. Provincetown harbor. There E.from by N. from Concord, situated on is in this town, near the lighthouse, a vast body of clay, called the " Clay the N. E. shore of Winnepisiogee Pounds," which seems providen- lake ; bounded N. E. by Ossipee, S. E. by Wolfeborough, S. W. and tially placed, in the midst of sand W. by the lake, and N. W. by Moul hills, for the preservation of this Although there tonborough. part of the cape. There are several ponds in this is but little vegetation at Truro, and the people are dependent almost en- town, together with many small streams running into the lake. tirely for their fuel, and most of their food on other places ; yet there There are several arms of the lake are but few towns in the state stretching far into the town, and where the people are more flour- presenting to the spectator, from the ishing, and independent in their elevated parts of the town, a succircumstances. To such towns as cession of beautiful views. Tuftonborough was originallythis old Massachusetts looks with pride for one of her chief resourc- granted to J. Tufton Mason, and It was es of wezdth the fishery ; and for took its name from him. : — — " ; �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. settled about 17S0, and incorporated Population, 1830, 1,375. in 1795. Tunbriclge, Vt. Orange co. A branch of White river passes through this town, on are mills of various kinds. The soil is generally a rich loam on the stream the intervale land is extensive and valuable. In some parts of the town the surface is elevated. Tunbridge contains a medicinal spring of some notoriety in cutaneous diseases. Considerable quantities of the products of the farms are sent to market. Many sheep are reared in 1837, the number in the town was 8,260. which : ; Tunbridge was first settled in 26 miles S. by E. from Montpelier, 7 S. from Chelsea, and SO N. by W. from Windsor. Popu1776. It is from Lowell, and 29 N. W. Incorporated, 1789. ulation, 1837, 870. Boston. from Pop- The river here is wide, placid, and majestic, and adds much to the beauty of the place. There is not much water power in the town, and the soil is light and sandy. Large quantities of granite are quarried here, hammered and fitted for various uses, and taken down the river. Here are also manufactures of brushes, barrels, boots and shoes. Tyriiigliam, Mass. Berkshire co. There are several ponds in this town, from which issues a branch of Housatonick river. Tyringham lies 125 miles W. from Boston, 14 S. E. from Lenox, and 35 E. from Hudson, N. Y. Incorporated, 1762. Population, in 18.37, 1,288. The manufactures lation, 1830, 1,920. Oxford CO. A tributary of the Androscoggin meets that river in this town, and finely waters it. The soil of Turner is good, and its surface pleasant. There are a number of thriving villages in the town: there is considerable trade, and some manufactures; but the business of the people is of the town of paper, iron castings, boots, shoes, leather, forks, rakes, palm-leaf hats, chair stuff, and wooden ware annual value, about consist Tursier, Me. generally agricultural. Turner was incorporated in 1786. 38 miles W. S. W. from Augusta, and 14 E. from Paris. Population, 1830, 2,218; 1837, 2,435. Wheat crop, in 1837, 7,081 bushIt is els. Turtle Kiver, Me,, : $35,000. The surface of the town is uneven, and in some parts mountain" Hop Brook Valley," is a ous. beautiful and romantic spot. There is a society of ringham. "Shakers" in Ty- See Canterbury JV. H. , Umlbagog Lake, body of water, situathe state of Maine, and extending about 300 rods in width along the east of the townships of Errol and Cambridge, in New Hampshire. This lake is very imperfectly known is said to be about 18 miles long, and in some being but little inparts 10 wide ferior to the Winnepisiogee, in exIts outlet is on tent and beauty. the west side, in Errol, its waters flowing into the Androscoggin. Is a large ted mostly in ; Or the Meriumpticook, a branch of St. John's river, which empties about 7 miles S. W. from the mouth of the Madawaska. Tyngsljorougii, Mass. Middlesex co. This is a pleastown on both sides of Merri- ant mack river, 8 miles N. W. by W. ; Uncouoonook Mountain, N. H* See Goffstown, �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Undeihill, Vt. co. The head branchBrown's river water this town. The surface is hilly and broken, and the soil hard but tolerable for sheep, of which a considerable Chittenden es of ; number are reared. was Underbill first settled in 1786. It lies 15 miles N. E. from Burlington, and 26 N. W. from Population, in ISSO, Montpelier. 1,052. Uuioii River, Me. Hancock co. The head waters of this river proceed within a few aiiiles from the Passadumkeag. It flows south through tlie towns of Hampton, Amherst, and Mariameets the tide water at Ellsworth, and passes to the ocean by Blue Hill bay. This stream has numerous tributaries, the recipville : ients of a great number of ponds, are scattered over the interior parts of the county. This beautiful river is in some parts gentle and fertilizing, in other parts rapid, producing a valuable for Ellsworth, mills. is between water length, from Its forty and fifty miles. Union, Me. Lincoln This pleasant and town is watered by Muscongus and St. George rivers, and by several beautiful ponds. co. flourishing The soil is fertile, and the surface generally swelling. Union was incorporated in 1786. It is 28 miles S. E. from Augusta, and 7 N. by W. from Warren. Population, 1837, 1,750. Wheat crop, same year, 4,249 bushels. Union, Tolland Union 1734. It is First settled, 1727. Stafford, and is 33 bounded W. by miles N. E. from Hartford, and 14 Population, N. E. from Tolland. 1830, 711. Unity, Me. Waldo This CO. is a flourishing farming town, 33 miles N. E. from Augus"ta, 22 W. S. W. from Be. fast, and bounded S. W. by Albion. It is well watered by a branch of Sebasticook river, which passes N. W., about 9 miles distant. Unity was incorporated in 1804. Wheat 1837, 1,520. crop, same year, 11,099 bushels. Population, it which power A branch of Quinnebaug river. the Natchaug also rises here. The town was incorporated in co. €t. The surface of hilly, Breakneck ponds, lying in this town, are the principal sources of 36=* This town is bound- ed N. by Claremont and Newport, E. by Goshen, S. by Lempster and Acworth, and W. by Charlestown. It is 43 miles W. by N. from Concord, and 9 S. from Newport. Little Sugar river has its source in Whortleberry pond and Beaver meadow, in the N. part of the town, passes through its centre, and empties itself into the Connecticut at Charlestown. Cold pond, the head of Cold river, is partly in this town. From Gilman's pond, in the E. part of Unity, proceeds a branch of Sugar river, flowing through Newport. Perry's mountain is in the S. W. part, and partly in Charlestown. Unity is an uneven township, but the soil is highly favorable for grazing. few towns It is excellent for flax, in the state producing a greater quantity. It Unity was granted in 1764. from the happy termination of a dispute which had w^as called Unity, with a hard and unproductive soil. Mashapaug and is Unity, N. H. Sullivan CO. long subsisted between certain of the inhabitants of Kingston and Hampstead, claiming the same tract of land under two different grants. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. The settlement was made in Population, 1830, 1,258. first 1769. Upton, Mass. ton,in 1735. The surface of the plain land, and partly rough and hilly, with a strong soil capable of yielding good crops of grain and hay. Much attention has been paid to fruit trees in this town, and many fine orchards of various kinds of fruit have been the result. West river, a branch of the Blackstone, rises from a pond in Upton, and furnishes a power for a number of mills. The manufactures consist of woolen goods, boots, shoes, leather, straw bonnets, sashes and blinds is annual value, about $175,000. This pleasant town lies 35 miles W. S. W. from Boston, and 15 S. E. from Worcester. Population, in Uxbridge, Mass. delightfully situated, in valleys sur- rounded by picturesque elevations. There are 5 woolen and 3 cotton mills in the town, and manufactures of yarn, straw bonnets, boots, shoes, leather, chairs, cabinet and tin wares total value, the year endingApril 1, 1S37, $402,450. Uxbridge was formerly a part of Mendon. It was incorporated in 1727. Population, 1830, 2,086; 1837, 2,246. Iron ore is found here, and an abundance of beauti: ful granite. co. is the other of the Kennebec. This is a place of considerable interior trade, and business on the river. Vessels of considerable burthen pass to the ocean from Vassalborough, by means of the Ken- nebec Dam. The valleys are very pleasant and the surface and soil of the town varied and fertile. Vassalborough was incorporated in 1771. Population, 1837, 2,929. Wheat crop, same year, 10,272 bushels. Vergennes, Vt. Addison settled in co. Vergennes was fi' jt The 1766. territory, It lies 12 miles N. W.from Middlebury and 21 S. by E. from Burlington. Population, 1830, 999. Vergennes is beautifully located on Otter creek, at the falls on that stream, and is 7 miles from Lake Champlain. Otter creek, at this place, is about 500 feet wide, and, at the falls, is separated bj' two islands, which form 3 distinct falls, of 37 feet. These falls produce a great hydraulic power, rendered more valuable by being situated in the heart of a fertile country, and on the navigable waters of the lake. The creek or river, between the city and the lake, is crooked, but navigable for the largest lake vessels. During the late war, this was an important depot on the lake. Here was fitted out the squadron commanded by the gallant McDo- nough, who met the British fleet otf Pittsburgh, N. Y. on the 11th of September, 1814, and made it his. Me. This miles There are several large and beautiful ponds in the town, from which issue two excellent mill streams one a branch of the Sebasticook, privileges in 1788. Worcester co. This very handsome and flourishing town lies 40 miles S. W. from Boston, 17 S. by E. from Worcester, and 24 N. N. W. from Providence, R. I. It receives an excellent water power from Mum ford and West rivers, and the Blackstone canal passes through it. The manufacturing villages are Kennebec river, 12 which comprises an area of 480 by 400 rods, was invested with city 1830, 1,155; 1837, 1,451. Vassallijoroiigli, Kennebec N. by E. from Augusta. Worcester co. Upton was taken from Mendon, Sutton and Hopkin- town and flourishing town on the east side of This a large for ship a very favorable position building it now possesses is : �NEW ENGLAND important manufactories and considAlthough the terrierable trade. tory of this city is quite small, its GAZETTEER. peculiarly favorable location, and the enterprise of its people, warrant it a great degree of prosperity. VERMONT. The people of the territory now called the state of Vermont, having been connected with New York, and having experienced great dissatisfaction with their connexion with that state, assembled in convention and on the 15th of January, 1777, declared themselves independent, and ganized a government The hardy for mountaineers, who had become impatient under their con- nexion with and dependence on the great state of ance of their own Some of Their government tive, New York, in pursu- peculiar views of the rights and duties of a free and independent people, adopted constitution. or- themselves. many them singular and peculiar provisions in their are herein stated. consists of three parts ; the legislative, the execu- and the judicial. The Supreme tatives, Legislature consists of a Senate and chosen annually by the freemen of the day of September. The House state, of Represen- on the Senate consists of 30 members ; first Tues- each county being, entitled to at least one, and the remainder to be apportioned accord- ing to population. The House of Representatives is composed of �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. member from each one age The town. and the Lieutenant Governor ; Senators are to be thirty years of is ex-officio President of the Senate. The body so chosen is called The General Assembly of the State of Vermont. The General Assembly meets annually on the second Tuesday of October. They hav^e power to choose their own officers, to meet on their own adjournments, to terminate their sessions at pleasure And, to ; enact laws, grant charters, to impeach state criminals, &.c. with the council, they annually elect the Justices of in conjunction the Supreme, County and Probate Courts ; also the Sheriffs, High Bailiffs, when occasion requires, they elect MaThe General Assembly have full and am- Justices of the Peace, &c.; and, jors and Brigadiers General. ple legislative powers, but they cannot change the constitution. The supreme executive power is vested in a Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and twelve Counsellors, chosen annually by the people on the They meet at the same time with the first Tuesday of September. General Assembly, prepare and lay before them the business apparently necessary ; examine the laws in the progress of legislation, and approve amendments. They cannot negative Assembly, but can suspend the operation of any They commission all act till the next annual meeting of the Assembly. have power to grant officers; sit as judges in all cases of impeachment or disapprove of them, and propose act of the General any ; pardons and remit fines in treason, in which all cases, excepting in cases of cases they can grant reprieves session, and excepting also cases of bargoes for thirty days, when The General Assembly, cil, till They may impeachment. the assembly is murder and the next legislative lay em- not in session. meeting with the Governor and Coun- in joint annually elect the Judges, Justices of the Peace, Sheriffs, High Bai- &c. liffs, The Governor unless by advice is command in person, The Lieutenant Governor is Lieuten- Captain-General, but he cannot of his council. ant General of the forces. judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court and Court of County Court in each county, consisting of one of the a Probate of the Supreme Court, and two Assistant Justices each District; and Justices of the Peace, who have a limited The ry, a ; and Justices Court in criminal civil jurisdiction. The Judges and High The of Probate appoint their Bailiffs several appoint their Town own own Registers, and the Sheriffs deputies. Clerks are Registers of deeds of conveyance of lands in their respective towns ; and if be recorded in the County Clerk's A Chance- council of 13 Censors is there be no town clerk, the deeds shall office. chosen by the people once in 7 years, on the �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Wednesday last ; if March, and meet on the Their duties are, lowing. ted of inquire to Wednesday first if the legislature, &c. have performed their duty been justly levied and collected They may pass public censures peal of laws tions to act ; ; and if fol- } if the taxes have have been obeyed. the laws order impeachments ; of June the constitution has been viola- ; recommend the re- propose amendments in the constitution, and call conven- Their power expires in one year after their election. on them. Succession of Governors. Thomas Chittenden, 1791—1796. el Smith, 1807. Isaac Tichenor, 1797—1806. Chittenden, 1813, 1814. Isra- Jonas Galusha, 1309—1812. Isaac Tichenor, 180S. Jonas Galusha, 1815—1819. M. Richard Skinner, 1820—1822. C. P. Van Ness, 1823—1825. Ezra Butler, 1826, 1827. Samuel C. Crafts, 1823—1830, William A. Palmer, 1831—1835. Silas H. Jenison, 1836— Succession of Chief Justices. Samuel Knight, 1791—1793. Isaac Tichenor 1794, 1795. Nathaniel Chipman, 1796. Israel Smith, 1797. Enoch Woodbridge, 1798—1800. Jonathan Robinson, 1801—1806. Royal Tyler, 1807—1812. Nathaniel Chipman, 1813, 1814. Asa Aldis, 1815. Richard Skinner, 1816. DudRichard Skinner, C. P. Van Ness, 1821, 1822. ley Chase, 1817—1820. 1823—1828. Samuel Prentiss, 1829. Titus Hutchinson, 1830—1833, Charles K. Williams, 1834— The state is bounded N. by Lower Canada, E. by Connecticut river, S. by Massachusetts, and W. by New York. Situated between 42° 44' and 45 ^N. Latitude, and 73° 16' and 71° 20' Vermont is W. Longitude. divided into 14 counties, to wit : Bennington, Windham, Rutland, Windsor, Addison, Orange, Chittenden, Washington, Caledonia, Franklin, Orleans, Lamoille, Essex and Grand Isle. the state in 1790, 764; 1830, 230,657. miles. population of This state contains an area of about 10,212 square Population to a square mile, in 1830, was of sheep in the state, in 1837, The The was 85,539; 1800, 154,465; 1810,217,895; 1820, 235,27-^. The number was l,099;0ll. important enterprise of a rail road from Boston to the outlet of the An great lakes, on St. Lawrence enterprise of this kind, well worthy the consideration of the intelligent river, will doubtless citizens and capitalists of Massachusetts, will greatly benefit those states, and powerful competitor with New northern and western trade. New make York, be accomplished. for a Hampshire and Vermont, New England a large portion of the immense the capital of �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. was not admitted into the union until afwas over, yet she vigorously resisted British oppression. A range of mountains covered with spruce, hemlock and other evergreens divides this state nearly in its centre hence its name ; and hence the epithet " Green Mountain Boys," celebrated for their bravery in the war of independence. Although this fourteenth state ter the revolutionary contest ; From these mountains are. Otter Creek, Onion, many rivers take their rise ; the most important Lamoille and Missisque, which empty into Lake Champlain, on the west; and West, White and Passumpsic, which pass the Connecticut on the east. sorts of grain in great This state is very fertile and produces to all Cattle of various kinds are raised here abundance. with great facility. Wool is an important staple. Manufactures flourish on many of the delightful streams of Vermont, and its hills produce marble, granite state is and iron ore of superior excellence. very romantic and beautiful ; the air is The scenery of this pure and healthful ; the people industrious, intelligent, hospitable. The trade of this state, on the west, passes to plain, the northern canal Some icut river. goes to Montreal. and Hudson river Windham co. New York by lake Cham- that on the east, to Connecti- of the trade of this state reaches Boston, and some See Register. until 1S02, Vernoii, Vt. west ; Vernon Vernon was called Hins- dale. lies on the side of Connecticut river, op- posite to Winchester, N. H. That river bends abruptly at this place, but in consequence of its elevated and rocky shore, affords this town but litle intervale land. The surface is generally mountainous, rocky and unproductive. There are in the town, fine forests of oak and chesnut timber, and quarries of slate. Vernon was settled at an early period, and for many years was subject to Indian depredations. The remains of an old fort built in 1740, are now seen many persons M'ere killed and carried into captivity among the latter was the celebrated Mrs. Howe. From its settlement : ; Vernon is 18 miles S. E. from Newfane, and is bounded S. by Brattleborough. Population, 1830, 681. Vernon, Ct. Tolland co. This town lies 12 miles E. N. E. from Hartford, and 7 S. W. from Tolland. Rock village, and Tankerooson are pleasant and flourishing manufacturing villages, containing 18 cotton and woolen mills. The former is 14, the latter 10 miles from Hartford. The Hockanum, and a branch of that river, the Tankerooson, are the principal streams. It Vernon was first settled in 1716. was a part of East Windsor and �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Bolton until 1808. The surface of the town is varied by hills and valleys the soil is a gravelly loam and sandv, but £;ood for grain and grass. Population,"l830, 1,164. ; Vei'sliire, Vt. Orange co. The surface of town is uneven and stony, but this fur- nishes pasturage for a large number of sheep, horses and neat cattle. Bi-anches of Ompomponoosuc river rise here, but give the town no val- Vershire was first settled in 1780. It lies 25 miles S. E. from Montpelier, 35 N. from Windsor, and 6 E. by S. from ChelPopulation, 1830, 1,260. sea. uable water power. Victory, Vt. Essex CO. the domestic fishery. These privileges arc well improved by the inhabitants of Fox Islan(^ they also make their soil tributary to their wants. In 1S37, their crop of wheat was 1,611 bushels. So long as the sea island towns of Mount Desert, : Eden and Vinalhaven, afford wheat, and Truro, wool, in such abundance there seems, at present, no great cause for the Yankees going west to escape either nakedness or ; starvation. These islands are finely located for summer excursions, The either for health or pleasure. between the are delightful ; passages islands, around scenery Population, 1837, 1,768. Vineyard, Vt. This township was Moose river, a chartered in 1781. branch of the Passumpsic, passes through it. It lies 10 miles W. from Guildhall, and, in 1830, had 53 inhabitants. Vienna, Me. A Franklin co. branch of Sandy river and several ponds water this fertile and pleasant town. It lies 25 miles N. W. from Augusta, and 10 S. E. from Farmington. Incorporated, 1802. Population, 1837, 793. Wheat crop, bushels. Grand Vinalliavcn, Me. to 1838, the county of Hancock. It is situated 12 miles S. E. fi-om Camden, 6 E. from Owl's Head, and is formed of the Fox Islands, at the mouth of Penobscot bay, about fifty miles below Bangor. There are three islands of considerable size, belonging to this group, besides several smaller islands on their coast. This island town possesses in an eminent degree all those advantages to be derived from a bold shore and good harbors, in the centre of an extensive maritime commerce, and of Isle co. This town, com- prising an island in Champlain Lake, covering an area of 4,620 acres, was chartered in 1799, by the name of La Motte. Its name was Vineyard in 1802. It lies about 4 miles W. from North Hero, and was first settled in 1785. It is a very pleasant island, fertile and abounding in excellent cedar Pop. 1830, 459. and limestone. Isle changed to Vineyard. Sound, Mass. same year, 4,068 Waldo CO. Previous this town was attached to them principal and the beautiful. This a great thoroughfare for is bound along the coast between Cape Cod and the mouth of It lies between Buzzard's bay. the island of Martha's Vineyard and the islands of Nashawn and The tides in this Nashawenna. Sound are rapid, and the passage vessels dangerous, without a good VoluntOAvn, Windham co. pilot. Ct. This town was It derived incorporated in 1719. name from the circumstance that most of its territory was granted, in 1696, to Volunteers in the The surface is, Narraganset war. in some parts, hilly; but the prevailing character of the surface and soil is a sandy and gravel Ij'^ loam. its �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Voluntown Norwich, and Island on is 14 miles E. from bounded by Rhode east, and North Ston- tflle is Population, in in2;ton on the south. The town 1830, 1,304. is watered branch of the Pawcatuck, on which are one woolen and two cotton mills. by Wood river, a Waeliiisett Moiiiitaia, Mass. Worcester co. See Princeton. co. Branches of this Topsham, and they meet at Brad- river rise in Orange, W^ashington ford, and fall into the Connecticut. This river, and the streams that ; are rather rapid in their course, and furnish many valuable Below the falls, mill privileges. compose : ter the war, he was made a briga- general of militia, and was high sheritr of the county of Winddier General Wait, seven years. having lived to see the town he had phmted in its wilderness state, covered with fruitful fields, and peopled by independent yeomen, died in 1822, aged 86 years. sor "Wait's River, Vt. Orange difficult service with grea" At the age bravery and success. of 25 he had been engaged in forty his clothes battles and skirmishes were several times perforated with musket balls, but he never received In 1776, he entered the a wound. revolutionary army as captain, and Afacquired the rank of colonel. much •Walcciieltl, N. H. it, in Bradford, this river is more gentle, and in its course it fertilizes Its longest a tract of intervale. Its branch is about 20 miles. Strafford co. miles N. This town lies 50 E. from Concord, and 30 N. by W. from Dover; bounded N. W. by Ossipee and Effingham, E. by Maine, S. E. by Milton, W. by Middleton and Brookfield. Lovewell's pond, in the S. part of the town, is about 700 rods long, 275 100 feet in width. Province pond lies between wide. "Waitsiield, Vt. Wakefield and Effingham, and is Mad river, a 450 rods long, 400 wide. Pine Washington co. passes circui- river pond is the source of the river small, rapid stream, flowing N. W. into Ostously through this town, fertilizing of that name The principal branch sipee lake. soil, and affording it good mill the in a deep of the Piscataqua has its rise The uplands are seats. between Wakefield and loam, fertile, and productive of all East pond, The soil of Maine. the varieties of a northern climate. Newfield, this town is generally good. Here are line pastures, and between The town' was formerly called 5,000 and 6,000 sheep. in East-foion, and was incorporated There are some manufactures its present name. the town, but the people are gener- in 1774, by There are several cotton mills in and make a good ally farmers, Good clay for mak- this town, and various other manubusiness of it. earthern ware, iron ore, and factures. ing Lovewell's pond, in this town, This rock crystal are found here. Captain John town lies 11 miles S. W. from Mont- derived its name from who, on and 30 S. E. from Burling- Love we 11, of Dunstable, pelier, 20th February, 1725, surprised the Population, iS30, 985. ton. of Indians The settlement of Waitsfield was and destroyed a party General encamped on the side of the pond. commenced in 1789, by for Benjamin Wait, from Sudbu- Ptobert Macklin, distinguished the General Wait lonsevity, died here in 1787, at ry, Massachusetts. He was born in Scotentered the service of his country age"of 115. Population, 1830, 1,470. at the age of 18, and performed la°nd. mouth, on the Connecticut, is about 1 �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Walden, Vt. Caledonia co. This is an elevated township between the head waters of Onion and Lamoille rivers. Cole's pond, a large sheet of water, lying in the town, produces a small mill stream, called "Joe's Brook." The surface is generally rough, but the soil in some parts of the town produces good crops. Walden was first settled in 17S9. It lies 22 miles N. N. E. from Montpelier, and is bounded S. E. by Danville. Popu- lation, 1830, 827. Waldo County, Me. and its numerous j)onds give it a varied and picturesque appearance. Waldo county was, as it were but yesterday, a desert; at present not more than two-thirds of its territory may be said to be settled. In 1837, it produced 109,140 bushels of wheat, and contained 55,000 sheep, with a population of 45 to a square mile. Waldo, Me. Waldo CO. This is a Plantation, high time it was incorporated with town privileges, for its surface is pleasant, and its soil fertile it abounds with mill sites, and but it is : Belfast is the shire town. This maritime and agricultural countyis bounded N. by Penobscot and Piscataquis counties ; E. by Penobscot bay and river; S. by Lincoln county, and W. by the county of Kennebec. It contains an area of about 812 square miles. Its population in 1830, was 29,290 and increase of population, for the seven years, was 35 per cent. Waldo is 44 miles E. N. E. from Augusta, and 7 W. N. W. from Belfast. Population, 1837, 718. Wheat crop, same year, 1,903 bushels. in 1837, 36,817. Lincoln co. This is a large, pleasant, and flourishing commercial its last Waldoborougli, Me. ; On the eastern side of the counPenobscot spreads its ty, the noble broad bay and river, embosoming Belfast and other beautiful bays, and indented with numerous capacious harbors, affording this county every desirable facility for navigation and the fisheries. The relative position of this county with the great basin of the Penobscot, is such as to give to it a large share of the commerce of that fertile and rapidly increasing section of New England. Waldo county possesses vrithiu itself great resources of agricultur- The surface is generwealth. ally undulating: no portion of the county is too elevated or too low It is heavily timfor cultivation. bered and abounds in limestone, of which large quantities are annually manufactured and transported. The soil is fertile, and congenial to the growth of every northern staple commodity. This county is interspersed with excellent mill streams, al 37 town; a port of entry, situated on both sides of Muscongus river, and at the head of navigation on Muscongus bay. This town, surrounded by a fertile country, enjoying navigable accommodations, a great water power, and peopled by an enterprising and industrious class of agriculturalists, mechanics and sailors, cannot fail of advancing in wealth and population. The tonnage of this district, in 1837, was 39,960 tons. The surface of the town is agreeably diversitied the soil of a quality just hard enough to promote a proper circulation of the blood of ; its cultivators, with as pleasant, as pure, and water and as favora- air able to health and longevity, as those of any prairie, of which we have any account, west of the Alleghany mountains. It is true that these people have to encounter the dangers of the seas, in the navigation of their numerous vessels en- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. gaged in foreign*and domestic commerce; to accidents attendant on launching their trig ships, brigs, and schooners, and in preparing various kinds of lumber for their cargoes and that they sometimes get drowned in crossing their rapid streams, and break their limbs by riding too faston their wintry snows; ; yet they are perfectly satistied witli their location and condition, and have no hankering for the balmy hreezes of the south, nor thirst for the sweet waters of the west. Waldoborough is an ancient town for this section of country it was incorporated in 1773. It lies 37 miles S. E. from Augusta, and 22 PopuE. N. E. from Wiscasset. lation, 1820, 2,449; 1830, 3,113; 1837, 3,420. : IVales, Me. Lincoln Co. There is a beautiful pond lying partly in Wales and partly in Lisbon its outlet meets the Androscoggin a few miles above Topsham. Wales is an agricultueven ral town of good soil and surface, 20 miles S. W. from Augusta, and 26 N. W. from WiscasIncorporated, 1816. Populaset. ; Wheat crop, same tion, 1837, 667. year, 2,232 bushels. Wales, Mass. Hampden co. This town is wabranch of Quinnebaug river, and has a considerable water power. The surface of the town is uneven, but the soil affords good pasturage. Here is a woolen mill, and manufactures of leather, boots, shoes, axes, hatchets, palm-leaf hats. Sic.: annual value, about $70,000. Wales is 67 miles W. S. W. from Boston, and 17 E. by S. from tered by a Springfield. Population, 1837,738. Wallingford, Vt. acres, lies on very elevated ground, and is one of the principal sources of Otter creek. The other ponds are of less size, and less eleva- These mountain ponds are very handsome, and contain fish. The soil of the town is generted. ally good that on the banks of Otter creek, is very fertile and Wallingford produces productive. all the varieties of grain, grass, &c., and feeds a large numbei- of sheep. " range of primitive limestone passes through the western part of the township, in which have been opened several quarries of excellent marble. Green hill, situated near the centre, is composed almost entirely of quartz. part of White rocks, belonging to the Green Mountain range, appears to be granite, the rest quartz. At the foot of White rocks, are large cavities formed by the fallen rocks, called the icebeds, in which ice is found in abundance through the summer season." There are some valuable manufacturing establishments in the town, and a flourishing trade. The village is pleasantly located on the banks of Otter creek, near one of the ponds. It contains some handsome buildings, and presents a variety of picturesque scenery. Wallingford was firstsettled in 1773. It lies 10 miles S. by E. from Rutland and 42 N. N. E. from Bennington. Population, 1830, 1740. ; A A "WalliiagfoJi:!!, Ct, New Haven co. " Wallingford bounded N. by Meriden, W. by Cheshire, E. by Durham and Middletovvn, and S. by North Bradford and North Haven. Its length fiom east to west is nearly 7 miles, and is its breadth about The 6. part of Wallingford is central 13 miles N. New Haven, 23 S. from Hartand between 11 and 12 miles S. W. from Middletown. The prefrom ford, Rutland co. This town is watered by Otter creek. Mill river, and by three ponds, one of which, Hiram's pond, covering an area of 350 vailing surface is pleasantly diver- with moderate hills and dales the eastern extremity of the townsified �» NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. ship is mountainous. The soil is generally excellent, excepting a tract called Wallingfbrd plain, consisting of coarse sand, situated on the eastern bank of the Quinnipiac. It is nearly 4 miles in length, and about I of a mile in breadth. It is the most extensive tract of level land in the state, and one of the most sterile and barren. The town is watej-ed by the Quinnipiac, a valuable mill stream, which passes through the extent of the town, upon which are several mills and manufactories. Yaleville is a little manufacturing village in the northern section of the town, where britannia and tin ware is manufactured to some extent. There is an establishment westward of the main street, on the Quinnipiac, for the manufacture of wood screws, of which there are about 1,000 groce manufactured daily. The principal village of Wallingford is beautifully situated on a fine elevation upwards of a mile east of the river, on two parallel streets entending along the ridge of the hill. The western street, on which the principal part of the village is situated, is upwards of a mile in length." Wallingford originally belonged New Haven, and New Haven Village. to was called It was first settled about the year 1669. Pop- ulation, 1830, 2,418. "Walloostook River, Me. This is the western or main branch of St. John's river. Its head waters are in the counties of Somerset and Franklin, and on the border of Canada. It receives the waters of many lakes, ponds and rivers, and drains a large section of "wilderness country. This river is called the Walloostook until it meets the waters of the St. FranThe lands on the borders of cois. this river are said to be fertile and heavily timbered. See St. John's river under Fundy, Bay. VValoomsack River, Vt. This good mill stream is formed in Bennington, by several branches it passes N. W. and joins the Hoosack, Between the Waloomsack and Hoosack the famous " Ben nington Battle " was fought. : Walpole, N. H. Cheshire co. This place lies 60 miles S. W. by W. from Concord, 13 N. W. from Keene, and 90 N. W. from Boston. Population in 1830, 1,979. The face of this town is beautifully diversified by hills The soil is similar to that of other towns on Connecticut river. The intervales afford excellent tillage ; the uplands are inferior to none in the state. Cold river passes through the north part, and forms a junction with the ConnectiThere is a lofty hill, called cut. Fall Mountain, a part of the range of Mon.nt Toby the highest parts of which are about 730 feet above the level of the river. The village of Walpole is situated at the foot of this hill, on a plain ; the margin of the intervales. The principal street and vales. ; runs N. and S. and is bordered on both sides w'ith dwelling houses, stores and shops. Drewsville, in this town, is a pleasant village, romantically situa ted near the falls it is a place of some trade, and considerable manu: factures. Bellows Falls, on Connecticut rivtown from Rockingham, Vt. At the bridge, which er, separates this crosses the river at this place, built and 365 feet in length, the traveller is presented with a most interesting and sublime view. The river here is compressed into a narrow strait, between steep rocks, and for nearly a quarter of a mile is hurried on with great rapidity and in 1785, loud roaring. In no place is the perpendicular, to any considerable extent ; but in the distance of half a mile the waters descend 42 fall �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. feet. Waltliam, 3Iass. A canal, with 9 locks, passes round these falls on the west side. Middlesex co. This is one of the Col. Benjamin Bellows was one of many beautiful towns which environ the first settlers of this town, in the capitol of England. 1749. He was a man of great en- 10 miles W. byNewfrom Boston, It is N. and terprise and bravery. His descen- 9 S E. from Concord. It was indants are numerous and highly recorporated in 1737. spectable. Bellows'' Falls village, is in Rockingham, Vt., opposite toDrewsville. "Walpole, Mass. Norfolk CO. This town is finely watered by three branches of the Neponset which meet face of the town The at this place. rough, but capable of producing good crops. There are three cotton, two woolen and two paper mills in the town, is and manufactures of iron castings, hoes, hats, leather, straw bonnets, and twine total value, the year ending April 1, 1837, $240,364. This pleasant and flourishing town was taken from Dedham in 1724. Population, 1837, 1,592. It is 20 miles S. W. from Boston, 10 S. W. from Dedham, and 21 N, by W. : from Providence, R. I. W^altliam, Me. Hancock co. Population, 1837, Wheat crop, same year, 356 207. bushels. See " Down East." Addison CO. Buck mountain lies this town, and as the highest land in the county, west of the Green mountains, its summit exhibits a good view of a delightful section of country. Waltham lies on the east side of Otter Creek, which separates it from Panton. Otter Creek, at this place, is sluggish in its course, and affords it is no mill privileges. The soil is generally good that along the stream is excellent. The number of sheep ; Waltham, in 1837, was 3,890. Population, 1830, 330. It is 9 miles in N. W. from Middlebury, and 24 from Burlington. " Prospect with some elevations. Hill," 470 feet above the level of the sea, presents a delightful view of Boston, its harbor, and the adjacent towns and country. The soil is generally not very fertile, but is rendered productive by industry. " Waltham Plain " is a beautiful tract of land, under a high state of cultivation. It is about two and a half miles in length, and a mile in width. On the road over this plain is a continuous village, containing many handsome dwellings and beautiful gardens among the number, ; Hon. Theodore Lyman is pre-eminently beautiful. Mr. Lyman's garden, of many acres in extent, decorated with almost every variety of fruit tree, shrub and that of the flower, both native and exotic, is probably unsurpassed, in costliness and splendor, by any private establishment of the kind in the United States. In this town the Waltham, Vt. near the centre of Population, 1830, 1,859; 1837,2,287. The surface is moderately level, S. first cotton mill, on an extensive scale, was erected, in 1814. The capital of the compa- ny was $600,000. By extraordinary and good management, through skill the various commercial changes, establishment proved lucrative to the proprietors and highly beneficial to the public. The waters of Charles river, which glide through the town, being fully improved, the proprietors extended their manufacturing operations at Lowell. There are in Waltham three cotton mills, a bleachery, a machine shop, a paper mill, and manufactures of boots, shoes, hats, carriages, wagons, chairs, cabinet and tin wares total value, the year endall this : �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. The 1, 1837, $348,067. roads in this and the neighboring towns, are uncommonly excellent. Perhaps in no section of country in the world, are the roads better than within 10 miles of Boston. ing April sheet iron, starch, carriages, hartotal value, the nesses, and boxes year ending April 1, 1837,$645,121. : Wareliani, Mass. The surface of Plymouth co. town is generally level, with this AVardstoorougli, Vt. a light, sandy soil, not very produc- Windham co. This town is 15 tive. It is favorably situated for miles N. W. from Brattleborough, manufacturing purposes, being wa20 N. E. from Bennington, and 10 N. W. fromNewfane. wasiirst Population, 1830, settled in 1780. It 1,148. The surface of the town is hilly, and in some parts rocky the soil is hard, but rendered productive by : Wardsthe industry of its people. borough is watered by West riv'er, and contains a number of minerals, of which tremolite and zoisite are the most important, and of which line specimens are found. There are some mills in the town, but the water power is not extensive. "Ware River, Mass. tered by two fine mill streams, and for ship building, the fishery, and foreign and domestic commerce, having a number of good harbors at the head of Buzzard's bay. Wareham lies 50 miles S. S. E. from Boston, 16 S. from Plymouth, Bedford. and 15 E. N. E. from PopIt was incorporated in 1739. ulation, 1830, 1,885; 1837, 2,166. There are in this town six nail factories, six air and cupola furnaces, two rolling mills, 2 cotton mills, a paper mill, and manufactures of vessels, salt, nail casks, chairs, cabinet ware, leather, boots, shoes, &c. the total value of these manufactures, the year ending April 1, The num1837, was $1,260,637. ber of hands employed in these manufactures, was 682. One whale ship, of 374 tons, belongs to this place the cargo of oil, in 1837, New : Branches of this large erful mill stream rise in ton, Barre and pow- Hubbards^ and Oakl)am. It passes through Hardwick, New Braintree and Ware, and joins the Chickopee at Palmer. "Ware, Mass. Hampshire co. Ware possesses an admirable water power by Ware The surface of and Swift rivers. the town is rough and hilly, and the soil more fit for grazing than tillage. In 1837, there were 1,380 sheep in the town: value of wool, $1,667. Ware is 66 miles W. by S. from Boston, 22 E. by S. from Northampton, and 23 N. E. from Springfield. Incorporated, 1761. Population, 1830, 2,045; 1837, 2,403. Ware contains a beautiful village which commands an active and flourishing trade. There are two cotton and two woolen mills in the town, and manufactures of boots, shoes, leather, hats, tin ware, straw bonnets, palm-leaf hats, augers, 37* : amounted to $78,286. In 1836, there arrived and cleared at Wareham, 2 ships, 7 brigs, 86 schooners, and 193 sloops aggreDuring gate tonnage, 20,140 tons. that year there were exported from this place 7,107 tons of nails, 421 tons of iron hoops, 1,969 tons of hollow ware, 144 tons of iron castings, 98 tons of nail rods, 386 dozen of shovels, and 4,180 bushels : of salt. The number manufactured year, was iron, of tons of exported that 9,765. Warner, N. H. Merrimack co. This town is bound N. by Sutton and Salisbury, E. by Boscawen, S. by Hopkinton and Henniker, and W. by Bradford. The distance of Warner �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. from Hopkinton is 8 miles, and from Concord, 15. It is watered by Warner river, a handsome streani, which rises in the Sunapee mountain in Newbury. It passes through Bradenters Warner at the N. W. corner, and running in an E. and S. E. direction, divides the town ford, nearly two equal parts, and Contoocook river in Hopkinton. The lands, though broken, have, in general a good soil. Mink hills lie in the W. part, and furnish fine orchards and good pasturage. There are four ponds, viz Tom, Bear, Bagley and Pleasant ponds. Pleasant pond, the waters of which are clear and cold, deep, and of a greenish cast, has no visible outlet or inlet, and overflows its banks in the driest seasons. This town was granted in 1735, by the general court of Massachusetts, to Dea. Thomas Stevens and others. It was incorporated in 1774, by the name of Warner. The first settlement was made in 1762, by David Annis and his son-in-law, Reuben Kimball, whose son Daniel was the first child born in town. Population, 1830, 2,221. into falls into : The following account of a terrible tornado, in this section of country, is by the Rev. John Woods, published in Professor Silliman's Journal, Vol. No. 2.— January, 1839. Mr. Woods says, " The event occvirred about half past 5 o'clock, Sunday evening, September 9th, 1S21. The wind, I suppose, was a proper whirlwind, precisely such as occasion water-spouts at sea. very intelligent woman in Warner, who, at a distance of two or three miles, observed its progress, XXXV.— A compared its appearance to a tin trumpet, the small end downward, also to a great elephant's trunk let down out of heaven, and moving majestically along. She remarked, that its appearance and rr.otion gave her a strong impression of life. When it had reached the easterly part of the town, she said the lower end appeared to be taken up from the earth, and to bend around in a serpentine form, until it passed behind a black cloud and disappeared. Its course was southeasterly. It was attended with but little rain in some parts of its course, more in others. The rain, or what appeared like it, was in my opinion taken from bodies of water which it passed over. It was said, that it lowered the water in a small pond in Warner, about three feet. To people near Sunapee lake, in New London, I was told, it appeared as if the lake was rushing up towards heaven. The appearance of the cloud to beholders at a little distance, was awfully terrific. It commenced its desolating progress east of Grantham mountain, in Croydon. In Wendell, beside other buildings, it demolished a dwelling house, and carried a child who was asleep upon a bed, into Sunapee lake. In New London and Sutton it did considerable damage, but met with few dwelling houses and destroyed no lives. From Sutton it passed over the southwest branch or spur of Kearsarge mountain, with a gore of land belonging Warner, called Kearsarge gore. the foot of this mountain, it entirely demolished five barns, unroofed another, and utterly destroyed two dwelling houses and so rent to At another as to render irrepara- it ble. " The houses wholly destroyed belonged to two brothers, Robert and Daniel Savary. They contained fourteen persons. In the house of the latter were their aged parents, seventy years old, I should think, or upwards. The old gentlemen, as he saw the cloud coming, went into a chamber a window, and was there v/ind struck the house. carried four or five to close when the He was rods, upon the rock, and instantly dashed killed. �— NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. A part of his brain was left upon His wife the rock where he fell. was very badly wounded, and it was thought would not recover. child of Daniel Savary, in the same In the house, was also killed. house of Robert Savary, several of the mountain, and fell with great violence on the buildings of Peter were much wounded and bruised, The houses and but no lives lost. barns and other buildings at this place were not only levelled with the foundation, but the materials and contents were dashed in ten thousand pieces, and scattered in Carts, wagons, every direction. sleighs, ploughs, and sleds which were new and strong, (one ox-sled, was entirely new,) I recollect, two of whom were instantly Mr. F. and wife were very badly wounded, but at length recovered. In Mr. T.'s house were 7, all of whom were most wonder- A were carried considerable disto sixty rods and so broken and shattered as to be Stone walls were fit only for fuel. levelled, and rocks, weighing two, three, or four hundred pounds, were turned out of their beds, apparently by the bare force of the wind. tance to a — from twenty Their Flanders and Joseph True. houses, which were but a few rods distant, one in Warner, the other in Salisbury, were utterly demolished. In Mr. F.'s house were nine persons, killed. fully preserved, except that 2 children, 10 or 12 years old, were badly burnt by hot bricks, the oven having been heated and the bread then in it ; one of whom lingered several wrecks in extreme sufferThe father and ing and then died. mother of Mrs. T., who lived about half a mile distant, were visiting They had just left the tea there. table. Mr. T. and his father-in-law went out at the door and saw the cloud, but thought at first they were so under the hill it would pass also, two feet or more which were bedded into the ground, and were fifty or sixty feet long, were not sufficiently weighty to retain their location. In one instance I recollect to have seen one large log lying upon an- But they harmless over them. were soon convinced that its track was marked with desolation. Mr. T. just gave an alarm to his family, then ran under the end of his shop, other in such a condition, that it was thought by good judges, that ten yoke of oxen could not have moved the lower one from its bed ; but both were removed by the wind several feet. An elm tree to Large logs, in diameter, near where old Mr. Savary fell, which was one foot at least in diameter, and too strongly rooted to yield, was twisted like a withe to the ground, and lay prostrate across Not the path like a wilted weed. an apple or forest tree was left One barn was seen to be standing. taken up whole, with its contents After being of hay, grain, &,c. carried several rods, pieces, and flew like it came to feathers in every direction. From the neighborhood of the Savarys, it passed over another spur which happened the violence beyond wind so as not His father-in- to stand of the be demolished. law, (Jones,) stood his ground unthe barn, a few til the wind struck rods to the northwest of him, and he saw the fragments of it flying thick in the air over his head. He then threw himself flat upon the ground by a heavy pile of wood. Instantly a rafter fell endwise close by him, entering the ground a foot or two in depth, and immediately a beam grazed down upon the rafter and lay at his feet. He and Mr. T. were entirely unharmed. In a moment they saw, instead of a new and strong and very comfortable dwelling house, a perfect desolation. Not even a sill remained up- Even the cellar foundation. stairs, and the hearths, which were of tile or brick eight inches square. on its �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. were taken up and removed. The bricks of the chimney lay scattered along, partly covering Mrs. T., and covering to a considerable depth two of the children. Mrs. T. was soon taken up with but little injury. The shrieks and cries of the two children, under a weight of hot bricks, next pierced the heart of their father. In removing them, he burnt his hands to the bone. They were at length taken out alive, but in a state of great suffering, one of whom, as I have mentioned, after a few weeks, died. All were now found but the babe, had swept over it, up Near well as down. boundary, between Warner ty torrent hill the as and Boscawen, the desolation ceasIt was taken up from the earth, but spruce floor boards, which were taken from New London, were borne upon its bosom and dropped in the Shaker village in Canterbury, a distance of about thirty miles. In following its track in Kearsarge gore, I came to a considerable stream of water, across Avhich had been a bridge, covered with large oak logs, split in the ed. middle, instead of planks. These about one year old. Supposing it half logs were scattered in every direction, some carried, I should to be under the bricks, Mr. T. renewed his labor ; but soon it was think, ten rods in the direction from heard to cry in the direction of the which the wind came, others sixty wind. Such as could run, ran in rods in the direction it went, and search of it, and soon found it ly- others were dropped near the maring safe upon the ground beneath gin at the right and left. a sleigh bottom, 10 or 15 rods from One remarkable fact is, that the where the house had stood. When same day, and about the same time the wind came, the sleigh was in in the day, two other similar whirlthe barn, six or eight rods north or winds were experienced, which northwesterly from the liouse. The moved in nearly parallel lines, one two last mentioned houses were passing through Warwick, Mass., one story, well built, and well fur- and the other about the same disnished dwellings. Their materials tance to the northeast." were not merely separated, but "^Varreii, Me. broken, splintered, reduced to kindling wood, and scattered like the One of the county towns of LinThis town is situated chaff of the summer thrashing coln county. floors. It was the same with fur- on both sides of St. Georges' river, at bedding, bureaus, the head of the tide waters, and is niture, beds, chairs, tables, and the like. loom bounded N. by Union, S. by Campwas, to appearance, carried whole den and Thomaston, S. by Gushing, about forty rods, and then dashed and W. by Waldoborough. Incorin pieces. The width of the deso- porated, 1776. Population, 1830, lation here was about twenty or 2,030; 1837,2,143. It is 34 miles twenty-five rods. On the higher S. E. from Augusta. grounds over which it passed it The location of this town is very was forty, fifty, or sixty rods. The favorable for manufactures and deeper the valley, the narrower navigation. The lumber business and more violent was the current. is not so large as formerly, yet conFrom the last mentioned neighbor- siderable quantities are now sawed hood it passed on to the east part and shipped. Ship building is an of Warner, but met with no other important branch of business, and dwelling houses, and did but little the manufacture of lime, from a damage, except to fences and for- superior quality of limestone, with ests. The appearance of the ground which this section of country where it passed, was as if a migh- abounds, is carried on extensively, A �: NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. The and is annually increasing. village is well located and pleasant it contains a well conducted acadeor hi^h school, for youth of both sexes; in which all the languages and other branches of education may be obtained, and such my A the town, is about $75,000. large portion of the lands in Warren are uneven and hilly, but the soil is warm, and favorable to the growth of grain, and the support of sheep, of which 1,110 were kept in 1837. The village is quite pleasant. as are necessary to prepare them for future usefulness in society. Warren, N. II. Grafton co. This town is 10 miles from Haverhill corner, and 63 N. by W, from Concord. It is watered by the N. branch of Baker's river, which has its source on the E. side of Moosehillock mountain. S. E. direction to WentS. line of Warren, furnishes several valuable mill seats. The S. E. part presents a mountainous aspect, liaving a large portion of Carr's mountain on its southeastern border. Warren was granted by charter, in 1763. Population, in 1830, 702. It passes in a N. worth, and, near the AVarren, Vt. Washington co. This town was about the year 1797, by Samuel Lard and Seth Leavitt. It lies 16 miles S. W. from Montpelier, and 31 S. E. from Burlington, Population, 1330, 766. This town first settled watered by Mad river, and although between the two Green mountain ranges, the surface is not much broken; it has some good mill sites, and some mechanical operations by water. Many cattle are reared in the town, and about 4,000 sheep are kept. is "Wari'en, Mass. Worcester co. This town was called Western from 1741 to 1834. It lies 60 miles W. by S. from Bos- W. S.W from Worcester. Population, 1837, 1,196. It is watered by Chickopee river, and con- ton, and 23 tains one cotton and two woolen manuThe goods annually made in a scythe factory and factures of palm-leaf hats. mills, value of AVarreu, R. I. Bristol CO. This small town, comprising an area of only about 2,600 acres, is situated on the E. side of Narragansetbay, and is bounded N. and W. by Palmer or Warren river, E. by Massachusetts, and S. by Bristol. It is 11 miles S. E. from Providence, and 19N.by E. Irom Newport. Incorporated, 1746. Population, 1830, 1,800. The surface of Warren is undu- with a soil of rich mould, very fertile and productive. Great lating, attention is paid in this place to agriculture, and particularly to horti- and all the varieties of and culinary vegetables are produced in abundance and perfection, Warren has a safe and commodious harbor for vessels of 300 tons burthen a number of vessels culture ; fruits : owned here, engaged commerce, the coasting are in foreign trade and fishery. Ship building has been pursued here to a great extent, and some vessels are now built, but not so many as formerly. This place has produced a great number of excellent sailors and ship masters, as well as ship builders. The village is delightfully situated on a rise of ground fronting the harbor: it is neatly built, and is surrounded by a variety of interesting scenery. This town is noted for the healthiness of its climate, and the longevity of its inhabitants In 1834, there were only 19 deaths in the town, and the average age Warof 7 of those was 85 years. ren is a fine resort in summer, and is much frequented. Warren, Litchfield co. Ct. Warren was taken �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEEU. from Kent, in 1786. It is bounded on the E. by Litchfield, and is 38 miles W. from Hartford. The town watered by Shepaug river, a is branch of the Housatonick, and by a large and handsome pond, called Raumaug. Warren is hilly and rocky, and in some parts mountainous. It however produces butter, cheese, beef, pork, some grain, and considerable 1830, 986. wool. Population, in Warwiclc, Mass. Franklin co. This town is elevatedj and contains Mount Grace, from which a delightful prospect is presented. The soil is strong, warm, and produces excellent pasturage. There are no considerable streams in the town, and its manufactures consist only of leather, scythes and palm-leaf hats. Moose pond, a pleasant sheet of water, furnishes an abundance of fine trout, pickerel and perch. Warwick was incorporated in 1763. Population, 1837, 1,111. It W. from Boston, is 78 miles W. and 1-1 E. by N. from Greenfield. N Wartviclc, R. Kent CO. ©n 5 t'lie W. niiles S. is town ; but all we can at present state is, that but very few villages in our country can boast of a more valuable manufacturing interest, particularly in cotton goods. As early as 1822, there v/ere 15 cotton and 2 woolen mills in Warwick. Warwick is the birth place of two distinguished patriots and warriors. Christopher Green was He was in the illupon Quebec, in which born in 1737. situated Narraganset bay, from Providence. Popside of a manufacturing Col. I. This important town, Shawomet, the Indian Cranston. An arm of the bay extends westward, giving to Warwick and East Greenwich a number of Vessels of 50 excellent harbors. tons burthen pass to the flourishing village of Apponaug, between 4 and 5 miles from the bay. This village is pleasantly located; 10 miles S. from Providence, and is the site of considerable enterprize in ship building, the fishery, and the coasting trade. Paivtuxet village is at the mouth of Pawtuxet river, a port of entry, and lays partly in Warwick, and partly in Cranston. This beautiful village, 5 miles S. from Providence, is celebrated for its great hydraulic power on navigable waters. Warwick is eminently distinguished as fated attack the brave Montgomery fell. He was afterwards selected by Washington to take charge of Fort Mer- 3,443 1830, 5,529. cer, or Red Bank, N. J. For his an area of 54 square gallant defence of tliat Fort against miles. The surface of the town, a superior force, in 1777, he acalong the bay, is generally level, quired the reputation of a brave, but the westerly part is hilly, so judicious and faithful officer. He much so that from some of the el- was assassinated in the most bru evations, a large part of the state tal manner, in 1781, by a part)*may be seen in a clear day. The of American royalists, while staprevailing soil is a gravelly loam, tioned on the border of Croton river. strong, and productive of grain, New York. grass, fruits and vegetables. The Major General Nathaniel town is well supplied with a great Green was born in 1741. He died variety of fish, and forests of wal- in Georgia, in 1786. General Green nut, oak and chesnut. early received the particular favor Pawtuxet river washes the north- of Washington. This favor was ern part of the town, and meets continued throughout the war, and the waters of the Narraganset at was strengthened by his ardent this place, separating Warwick from patriotism, undaunted courage, pruulation, 1820, It contains ; • �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. dence, and superior military know- wooded wilderness. ledge. ter of the surface " Within a mile from the village of Apponaug may be seen a huge rock, so completely balanced upon another, and its equilibrium so exact, that a boy 14 years of age may set it in such motion that the contact or collision caused thereby, produces a sound somewhat like that of a drum, but more sonorous, which in a still evening may be heard'a county, distance of 6 or 8 miles. from time immemorial, it Hence, has gone by the name of the Drum Rock. the ponderous weight of that part which is thus nicely balanced, From generally believed that no oththan the hand of nature ever could have done it. Yet some are inclined to believe, that it was thus placed by the herculean labor of some tribe of the nath^es. There remains no doubt, but that this was a place of their resort or encampand that the Drum Rock ment served them either to give an alarm in case of danger, or to call the tribe together from their daily avocations. This rock is considered as a great curiosity, excites much attention, an<l consequently is at the present day a place of much resort, particularly in the pleasant season of the year.' it is er ; of the Its interior part, for but 14 miles in breadth that part near the sea This is about 50 miles in width. is : bounded N. by Lower Canada, E. by New Brunswick, S. bj' the ocean, and W. by the counties of Hancock and Penobscot. It territory is an area of about 4,150 square miles. About a third part of this county may be said to be settled ; the residue is a densely contains adjacent soil of this the same as that counties of Han- people, who, though undor different governments, hav,e the same language, a similar religion, a kindred blood." The tonnage of the two districts in this county, Machias and Passamaquoddy, in 1837, was 19,072 tons. In 1837, the number of sheep in the same the count}- was 19,008 year it produced 27,014 bushels of wheat. The population of the counin 1830, ty in 1820, was 12,744 21,294; and in 1837, 28,495: increase in 7 years, 34 pr. ct., and in 17 years, 123 pr, ct. Pop. to sq. m.,7. : ; Wasliington, Me. Macliias is the shire town. This county is of a singular form. It extends from the Atlantic ocean to the border of Lower Canada, a distance of more than 3 1-2 degrees more than 175 miles, much cock and Penobscot. In common with all the Atlantic counties in Maine, Washington county possesses its numerous bays, inlets, capacious harbors, and pleasant islands, so admirably adapted to foreign and domestic commerce, the fisheries and ship building. The St. Croix is its most important river. The banks of this noble stream are rapidly settling, by Yankees on one side and Englishmen on the other; and long may it be a channel, not only of individual and national wealth, but of " good nature and good humor, between Washington County, Me. of latitude. is The charac- and Lincoln co. This town contains several ponds, and some branches Damariscotta and Musof the congus rise here. It lies 35 miles E. from Augusta, and 25 N. N. E. from Wiscasset. Population 1837, Wheat crop, same year, 1,378. Incorporated, 1811. 2,269 bushels. It was formerly caHed Putnam. AVasKington, N. H., 22 miles N. S. from Charlestown, and 35 W. from Concord. This town is hilly, but not Lovewell's mounmountainous. Lovetain, so called from Capt. Sullivan co., lies, N. E. from Keene, 20 E. by �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. well's killing 7 Indians near it, is conical shape, about 3-4 of a mile in diameter, and may be seen at a considerable distance. Washington abounds with springs, rivulets, and natural ponds, of the last of which, there are no less than 16, and some of them of considerable magnitude. Island pond, so called from its being full of islands, is 2 miles long, and 1 1-2 wide. Half moon pond is 1 1-2 miles in length. Ashuelot pond is 1 1-2 miles long, and 1 mile wide, and is the source of one of the principal branches of Ashuelot river. Brockway's pond, a beautiful sheet of water, lying on a white sand, is 1 mile long and 1-2 a mile wide. Long pond, lying in this town and Stoddard, is 5 miles in length. These ponds abound with a variety of fish. branch of Contoocook river has its source from several small ponds in the E. part of the town. The soil is generally deep and moist, better for grass than ot a A tillage. in 176S. Washington was settled was first called Monad- It nock, JVo. it was 8. called ber 13, 1776, rated by its settlers first each for mountainous region. of the county is uneven, hilly, and in some parts mountainous, but there is much flourish in this The surface valuable land which along the streams, in man}'- parts are sluggish, and form large tracts of excellent intervale. The agricultural productions consist of neat cattle, horses, hogs, wool, and of the producIn 1837, there tions of the dairy. were 60,025 sheep in Washington There are large bodies of county. beautiful granite, in the county, and slate of various kinds. Popu14,113; 1830, 21,378. Since 1830, there have been some small changes in Washington counWe will ty, in regard to territory. thank any of our Green Mountain friends to give us all the necessary information respecting it, for future editions. The rail roiid from Boston to Ogdensburgh will probably pass through this county, but we beg them not to wait for that event. lation, 1820, From its settlement, Wasliington, Vt. Camden, till Decemwhen it was incorpoOrange co. Branches of Onion, present name. The Wait's and White rivers rise in this had 150 acres of land settling. Population, in 1330, 1,135. Wasliiugton County, Vt. MoNTPELiER is the chief town. nearly in the centre of the state, and the principal part of it lies between the two ranges of the Green Mountains. It is bounded N. by Lamoille and parts of Chittenden and Caledonia counties, E. by Caledonia county, S. by Orange and Addison, and W. by Addison, and Chittenden, counties. It was incorporated in 1810, by the name of Jefferson, and took its present name in 1814. The county is finely wd^ered by its chief river, the Winooski, or Onion, and many of its important branches. These streams afford the county an abun- This county dant water power, and manufacturing establishments increase and is town, but afford no considerable water power. The two former are called Jail Branches, from the cir- cumstance that the proprietors were required by their charter, of 1781, within the limits of the town, at an early period. There is some excellent land along the streams, and the uplands are generally arable, and afford good pasturage. There is a neat village in the town, some trade and manufacto erect a jail between 3,000 and 4,000 sheep are annually sheared. Washington is 15 miles S. by E. from Montpelier, and is bounded S. by tures, and Chelsea. Population, 1830, 1,374. "Wasliington, Mass. This mountainous watered by branches of Westfield and Housatonick river*^^ Berkshire co. town is �; NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. The soil is well adapted for grazing. In 1837, 5,209 sheep were sheared in the town, producing 15,627 pounds of wool, principally merino. There is found in this town a porous quartz, which is used as buhr stones, for mill stones and is remarkable for resisting heat. Washington was incorporated in 1777. It is 122 miles W. from Boston, and 8 Population, 1837, E. from Lenox. ; 758. Washington County, R. I. South Kingcton is the shire town. This is a maritime county situated in the southwestern section of the bounded on the north by east by Narraganset bay, on the south by the Atlantic ocean, and on the west by state ; Kent county, on the The avthe state of Connecticut. erage length of the county, from east to west, is about 20 miles, and it has a mean breadth of more than 18 miles, comprising about 367 square miles. The geological character of this county is primitive the rocks consist of granite and oth- The suroriginal forniations. face is generally diversified with moderate hills and narrow dales; there are, however, some considerable eminences in the northwest section of the county, and some flats of considerable extent in the south section, bordering upon the The prevailing soil is a Atlantic. primitive gravelly loam, strong and fertile ; there are some considerable tracts of sandy loam, and some considerable section of alluvial. of this county was formerly called ej A the Narraganset country, and was celebrated for an excellent breed the other section of pacing horses was called the Shannock country, and was equally distinguished for a valuable breed of neat cattle. This county still maintains a high reputation as a grazing district, and aflbrds many extensive and valuable dairies. But the agricultural interests are not confined exclu; 38 sively to the objects of the grazing business ; in some sections of the county considerable attention is paid to the cultivation of grain, particularly Indian corn and barley ; some rye also is raised. The inhabitants are distinguished for their habits of industry and frugality, and in general enjoy their necessary results, health and competence. The waters of the county are extensive and important, possessing a maritime border upon the Atlantic ocean and the Narraganset bay, of more than 50 miles extent. There are, however, but 2 or 3 harbors ; the principal of which is Wickford, in the northeastern section of the county the next most important is The principal inthe Pawcatuck. terior waters of the county are embodied in the Pawcatuck river, which forms part of the western boundary of the state. The principal branches of the Pawcatuck are the Wood and Charles rivers; which, with their tributary streams, water a large portion of the western section of the county, and af; ford numerous sites for mills, and other hydraulic works. There are, in the county, several salt and freshwater ponds, which are well supplied with fish. The fisheries of the county are extensive and valuable, affording employment to considerable industry, which is usually well rewarded. The fish taken, not only supply the home consumption, but constitute an article of exportation. Although the commercial business carried on within the county yet its is not very considerable, maritime situation has had its natural influence upon the habits of the people ; a considerable portion of whom are employed in seafaring business. The manufacturing the interests of county are considerable, and consist principally of the woolen and cotton manufactures, and the Besic'^s business of ship building. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. these, there is considerable mechanical industry in the other departments of mechanical business. In 1S37, there were 81,619 sheep in the county. Population, in 1800, in 1820, 16,135; 1810, 14,983; Population 15,687; 1830, 15,411. to a square mile, 42. From this statement of the population, it appears that this county must have suffered greatly by emigration. Wasliingtoii, Ct. Litchfield co. Judea, the first society in this town, was a part of Woodbury until 1741. It was first settled in 1734. It was incoi-porated as a town in 1779. This town is 40 miles S. W. from Hartford, and 10 S. W. from Litclifield. Population, 1830, 9S6. large part of this town is el- "A mountainous. evated and stone abounds in Lime- many of the valleys. Several quaj-ries of marble have been worked, from which considerable quantities have been raised. Iron ore has been found in various places. Ochre, fuller's earth, and white clay, have also been found. The town is watered by the Shepaug river, a branch of the Housatonick, wh.ich passes tlirough the whole length of the town, di- viding it two nearly equal parts. divided into two soJudea and New Preston. into The town cieties, is There is in as called, Judea, or ^V'ashington about two miles S. W. of the centre of the towa, a place called " Steep Rock." From the top of this eminence, which is easy of access, the beholder has one of the most interesting and it is beautiful prospects in the state. presents an area in the form of an amphitheatre, the sides of which are covered with a dense forest. The Shepaug river is seen flowing in a beautiful circle at the base of the bluff. Within the circle of the river, there are several cultivated fields, affording a beautiful landscape to the beholder. The scene " This town has been the theatre of one of the most atrocious murEngders ever committed in land. The murderer was a man or rather fiend, by the name of Barnett Davenport. From his own confession, it appears that his parentage and early education were exactly New produce his wicked life and Untutored and unrestrained by parental government, he was left to grow up at In the morning of life, random. no morality was inculcated upon him, and no sense of religion, either On the by precept or example. contrary, he was, from early years, unprincipled, profane, and impious. Befoi-e he was 9 years old, he was expert in cursing and swearing, and an adept in mischief. At 11 years he began to pilfer. At 13 he stole money. At 15 he entertained tlioughts of murder, and rapidly waxed harder and bolder in wickedness. At 19, he actually murdered a family in cold blood. As a friendless wandering stranger, he was taken into the house of Mr. Caleb Mallory, and treated with the utmost kindness, in December, 1779. Scarcely two months had fitted to his tragical end. elapsed, before the murder was de- termined on. The night of February 3d, 1780, was fixed on to exe- With a cute the horrid purpose. heart hard as adamant, he lighted a candle, went into the lodging room of his benefactors, and beat them to little grand death with a club. child being with its gi-and parents shared the same fate, and two others were left in a sound sleep to perish Having kindled a in the flames. fire in three of the rooms, he fled, after robbing the house of its most But from an acvaluable articles. cusing conscience, and from the hand of justice, which followed hard upon his steps, he was unable He was taken, and executo flee. ted at Litchfield in the May ensu- A ing-." �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. W'aterljorougli, Me. York CO. This town is watered by a large and pleasant pond, which empties into Little Ossipee river, a branch of the Saco, and by the head branches of the Mousum, a stream which meets the ocean at Kennebunk. This is a flourishing town, with a pleasant surface and It lies 81 miles S. W. good soil. from Augusta, 24 W. from Portland, and is bounded S. by Alfred. IncorPopulation, porated, 17S7. 1,816; 1837, 1,953. 1830, Waterbiiry, Vt. Washington co. The surface of Waterbury is generally level, with The soil is some pleasant swells. and fertile the meadow lands on the livers, of which there are warm : large tracts, are not excelled, in richness, by any in the state. This town is separated from Duxbury by Onion river, which, with Waterbury river and other streams, afford the town a good It was first settled water power. Population, 1830, 1,650. 12 miles N. W. from Montpelier, and 24 E. S. E. from Bur- in 1784. It lies lington. In the southwest corner of the township, the passage of Onion river through a considerable hill, is considered a curiosity. The stream has here worn a channel through the rocks, which in times past, undoubtedly, formed a cataract below of no ordinary height, and a considThe chasm is erable lake above. at present about one hundred feet wide, and nearly as deep. On one side the rocks are nearly perpendic- form several caverns or caves, some which have the appearance of rooms fitted for the convenience of Several musket balls and man. flints were found in the extreme part of this cavern, a few years since, with the appearance of havof ing lain there many years, which makes it evident that it was known to the early hunters. Waterbury River, rises in Mor- ristown, and runs south through the western part of Stow and WaIn Stow, terbury into Onion river. it receives one considerable tributary from the east which rises in Worcester, and two from the west It also which rise in Mansfield. receives several tributaries from west, in Waterbury, which the The whole originate in Bolton. length of the stream is about 16 miles, and it affords a number of good mill privileges. "Waterbury, Ct. New Haven co. The Indian Mattatuck, a territory comprising this and some of the neighboring towns, being IS miles in length and 10 miles in width, was sold by the red men to the whites,, in the year 1684, " for divers good causes and This piece thirty-nine pounds." of ground was supposed by the white men, to afford sufficient room and accommodations for thirty famThe ilies. 8,000 people territory and ; now if its contains population dense as that of England, in would contain no less than 20,r)I0, or of Belgium, 35,370 souls. There are some good lands on the borders of the streams, within was as 1831, it ular, some of which have fallen across the bed of the stream, in such a manner as to form a bridge, pas- the present limits of Waterbury ; but the surface of the town is generally rough, and the soil difficult however, only at low water. the same side the rocks which appear to have been loosened and moved by the undermining of the water, have again rested, and become fixed in such a posture as to of cultivation. sable, On This town lies 28 miles S. W. from Hartford, and 20 N. by W. Population, from New Haven. 1830, 3,070. " The site upon which the bor- �NEW ENGLAND of Waterbnry stands, is situated in a valley which is washed by Mad river on the east, and the Naugatuck on the west ; and in its central partis about a mile in breadth. ough The main street runs east and west but since the increase of the manufacturing establishments within the last twelve years, a large share of the new buildings have been erected in their vicinity, which is in the southeast part of the village. On either side of the village, hills gradually rise to a considerable elevation, presenting to the eye the galleries of an amphitheatre, the village forming the area. The number of houses is about one hundred and fifty, and the population hundred fifteen ; which it is calculated has doubled itself during the last twelve years; most of the factories having been established within that time. Some of the private dwellings may be called splendid, and a majority of them neat, convenient, with handsome court yards in front. " Of the articles manufactured in the village, those of gilt buttons and the rolling of brass and copper metals for a great variety of uses, constitute the greatest business. There are three factories of this kind upon an extensive scale, two in the village, and one about two miles north, connected with which is a gold refinery. There are likewise two factories of gilt buttons upon a considerable scale, uncon- nected with rolling mills. One extensive rolling mill connected with the brass wire and tubing manufacture, two satinet factories, one woolen factory, besides a great number of minor establishments, in which buttons of various kinds and other articles are manufactured to a considerable extent. The number of persons in the village, of both sexes, who are employed in the manufacturing establishments, is between It is not six and seven hundred. precisely known what GAZETTEER. amount manufactured yearly, is but it has been estimated by good judges to exceed a million of dollars, and is upon the increase. The route has been surveyed by a practical engineer, for constructing a canal to bring the Naugatuck on to bank at the west end of the town, which will, when completed, afford n supply of water power, cathe pable more employing of capital than has as much or been already invested." Samuel Hopkijvs, D. D., the founder of a religious sect, denominated Hopkinsians , was born in this town, in 1721. He died at Newport, R. I., in 1803. See JReligious Greeds, and Statistics. Dr. Lemuel Hopkins, a poet, and an eminent physician, was born in Waterbury, in 1750. He died at Hartford, in 1801. "Waterford, Me. Oxford CO. This town is watered by a number of beautiful ponds, and Crooked river passes through northeast border. The surface generally level and the soil good. It produced in 1837, 5,545 bushels of wheat. Waterford was incorporated in 1797. It lies 57 miles W. by S. from Augusta, and 10 W. by S. from Paris. Population, in 1837, its is 1,297. 1\ aterford, Vt. Caledonia co. This town wag chartered in 1780, by the name of Littleton, until 1797. which name it retained It was first settled in It lies on the west side of 1787. Connecticut river, 32 miles E. N. E. from Montpelier, and 12 E. S. E. Population, 1830, from Danville. The west part of the town 1,358. is watered by the Passumpsic, and the north border by Moose river. Here is a water power, and some manufactures, A part of the town borders on Fifteen Mile Falls, in Connecticut river. The banks of �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. pal village, the United States Arse- that river are steep at this place, and form but little intervale. The uplands are rough and stony, but good for sheep, of which 3,500 are munitions of war, occupies a site At the of 40 acres of ground. kept. commencement Waterford, nal, containing a large amount of of the revolutionary war, this place was the chosen seat of the continental congress. Ct. New London co. This town That body of patriots was in session was taken from New London in at Watertown on the day of the battle of " Bunker Hill." 1801. It is washed on the east side There are two paper mills in the by the river Thames and on the south by Long Island Sound, from town, a cotton mill, print works, an which a bay or inlet extends, be- establishment for finishing woolen tween IMillslone and Black Points, goods, and manufactures of soap, ; candles, boots, shoes, boxes, &.c. Large quantities of beef, pork, bacon, &c., are annually packed at this place for the Boston market, In 1837, and for transportation. three soap and candle manufactories used 300 tons of tallow, 350 tons of barilla, 50 tons of palm-oil, 1,750 barrels of rosin, 2,000 casks of lime, and 1,000 bushels of salt. quite into the centre of the town, affording a harbor for small vessels. This is a resort for fishermen on the Sound, and many species of the finny tribe are taken captive. There are a number of ponds in the town, three considerable mill streams, and two woolen factories. The surface of the town is rocky and uneven, with a gravelly loam, productive of corn, vegetables, fruits, and feed for cattle. In 1837, it contained 2,532 sheep. Waterford lies 37 miles S. E. from LonHartford, and 4 V/. from Population, 1830, 2,463. don. Watertown was first settled Saltonstall and others. in Richard 1630, by the sons of Sir It was in- Popucoiporated the same year. lation, 1830, 1,641; 1837, 1,739. Its It is 7 miles W. from Boston. Indian name was Pigsgusset. New AVaterqiieeclxy Kiver, Vt. "Waterto^via, Ct. See Qucechy River. This town lies from Hartford, 26 N.by W. from New Haven, and Popu10 S. E. from Litchfield. Litchfield CO. 30 miles S. S. W. Wa,tertowi\, Mass. Charles river Middlesex co. this town a v^aluable water power, which is well improved. gives 1,500. lation, 1830, river is navigable to the centre of the town for vessels of 6 or 7 feet draught of water. The surface of the town is diversified by hills and valleys, which is rendered very beautiful by a high state of cultivation, and by the nu- Watertown was formerly a parish in Waterbury, by the name of West- merous S. The cottages, villas, and bury. incorporated as a Vt'as It is bounded N. by E. by the Naugatuck river, separating it from Plymouth, W. by Bethlem and Woodbury, and neat farm houses, gardens by Middlebury and Waterbury. about 6 1-2 miles in length, and The township is genbut erally uneven, or rather hilly It is 4 in breadth. A 38* in 17S0. Litchfield, delightful Avhich meet the eye in every direction. part of the beautiful sheet of water, called " Fresh Pond," and apart of the celebrated Mount Auburn Cemetery lie in this town. On the north bank of the river, a short distance below the princi- It town ; some sections are 1 level. The pre- vailing soil is a dry gravelly loam, and best adapted to grazing, but the different grains common to this part of the country are cultivated �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Steel's brook, a sprightly stream, passes through the central part of the town, and for a mile below and some distance above the centre of the town, a chain of rich meadows, though small in extent, border the sides of this stream. This is tbe birth place of Johjv Trumbull,, the celebrated author of " McFingal." He graduated at Yale College, and studied law with John Adams, in Boston. The first part of his McFingal appeared in 1775. It was completed in 17S2. He was a judge of the Superior Court of Connecticut from ISO! to 1819. In 1825, he removed to Detroit, where he died, in 1831, aged 81 years. The people of this town make some boast of the size of their forest trees. It is said, as an extraordinary fact, " that one of the first settlers, having no shelter for the night, peeled off the bark of one of the trees he had felled, and la}^ down upon the inside. In the morning when he awoke, he found the bark rolled up so closely that it was with some difficulty he could extricate himself." This story will do to tell as far west as Connecticut, but the ' Down Easters' would laugh at it. It take Dame Nature more than a night to screw up the bark of one of their common pines even to the circumference of the Hampshire Giant. The Maine folks willingly grant to Connecticut the tallest poets, but claim to their state the biggest trees. would New V/atevville, Me. Kennebec co. This town is situ- ated on the west bank of the Kennebec river, 13 miles N. from Augusta. It was incorporated as a part of Winslow in 1771, and as a separate town in 1802. Population in 1820, 1719; in 1830, 2,216; in 1837, 2,905. It contains 80 square miles, mostly of the best quality of farming land of the Kennebec region. of the population Seven twelfths is estimated be to agiicultural. The principal village, of about 180 houses, is on the Kennebec, at Ticonic Falls. These falls are 18 feet in height, extending quite across the river. In the town, there are 17 saws, four grist mills, carding machines, three plaster mills, two extensive tanneries and a machine shop. One iron found ty, a branch of the celebrated Fair- banks establishment in Vermont, supplies a great portion of the interior of the state with ploughs. The public structures are 4 meeting houses, an Academy, and the Liberal Institute, a Seminary founded by Universalists. This latter edifice, though small, is one of the most beautiful specimens of architecture in the state. Ticonic bridge, crossing the Kennebec, 550 feet in length, is a fine specimen of Col. Long's plan of construction. Watervilie College is pleasantly situated near the village, on the bank of the river. There are 2 edifices for rooms, a chapel, and a commons This hall. was founded Institution Theolo1821 it was converted into a College, and has 143 founded by graduates. It was Baptists, but is open to all denomiin 1813, as a gical school; nations, and manual in labor. affords Its President, three tv/o Tutors. facilities Faculty Professors, for is a and From Augusta, the head of sloop goods are transported large flat-boats, to Waterville in some of which carry 40 tons. This renders the place an important depot of merchandise for an extensive country above, and of produce and navigation, manufactures brought down to be shipped for a market: great quantities of oats, shingles and other lumber, leather, potash and potatoes, are thus transported from this place. The is dam at Augusta, have improved the erection of a thought to navigation, and afifords facilities for �NEW ENGLAND making Waterville the centre of country above. A steam boat now runs between this place and the lower towns. The village of West Waterville is on Emerson stream, atributary of the Kennebec. Here is a remarkble cascade, the highest known in the state, and is much resorted to for its picturesque scenery. At this village are manufactories for cutting out last blocks, which are extrade for the ported in great quantities to Massachusetts, and a scythe factory of high reputation, which made 300 dozen scythes in the year 183S. The water power at Waterville and in the vicinity, is singularly great. circle described from the Ticonic falls, before named, as a centre, with a radius of live miles, includes two falls across the whole Kennebec, at Kendall's mills, two miles above Waterville; two falls, 5 miles distant, on the Sebasticook, a large tributary stream ; and an indefinite series of falls upon the Emerson stream, from the cascade to its confluence, besides numerous rapids, v/hich could easily be dammed, on all these streams. It is believed that no similar circle of 10 miles diameter in New England, comprehends £0 large and convenient water power. But a very small part of this power is yet occupied, and situated as Waterville is, in the centre of these manufacturing facilities, enjoying convenient boat navigation to the sea ports, with an extensive region of the best agricultural advantages in the rear, it A promises to become a thrifty and populous town. Waterville, X. H. Grafton co. This town comprises the territory called GiJIis and Foss' Grant, until its incorporation, in 1S29. It is bounded N. by ungranted land, E. by Albany, S. by Sandv/ich, and W. by Thornton. It was granted June 29, 1S19, to Joeiah GHlis, Moses Foss, jr. and oth- GAZETTEER. ers. watered It is b}' Mad river, among the mountainous tracts on the N. runs S. W. about 20 miles, and falls into Pemigewaswhich rises ; set river in Campton. Swift river has its source in this town, pursues an E. course through Albany, into Conway, wliere it unites with Saco river. There are 2 ponds, and several considerable elevations. Moses Foss, jr. commenced the settlement some years since. It has 96 inhabitants. Waterville, Vt. Lamoille co. This town is environed by mountains, and is itself mountainous. It is watered by a branch of Lamoille river, and is bounded E. by Belvidere, W. by Fletcher. It lies about 25 miles S. E. from St. Albans. Population, 1830, 4S8. Wayland, Mass. Middlesex co. The name of this town was East Sudbury, from 17S0 to 1835. It lies on the east side of Sudbury river, and is bounded east by Weston. The surface of the town is pleasant the soil is generally good, and contains some well cultivated farms. There are 4 for; ges in this town, and manufactures of chairs and cabinet ware but the principal manufacture is that of boots and shoes ; the annual value of which is about $25,000. Wayland is 16 miles W. from Boston, and 7 S. from Concord. Population, 1837, 931. ; Wayne, Me. Kennebec co. Wayne lies N. of Leeds, and is situated a little below the centre of a chain of beautiful lakes or ponds, Avho^e outlet, which passes through the town, falls into the Androscoggin. The centre of the town is about 4 miles east of the Androscoggin, and 16 W. from Augusta. The surface of the town is undulating, and the soil fertile. It was incorporated in 1798. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Wheat Population, in 1837, 1 ,170. same year, 3,268 bushels. and superior farm, and has greatly benefited this section of country by crop, the introduction of new modes of agriculture, and more valuable breeds of stock. The agricultural Weare, N. H. Hillsborough co. The only riv- er in Weare, is the N. W. branch of Piscataquog, which enters the products of Weathersfield are very valuable about 15,000 fleeces of fine wool are annually sheared. This town is large, and contains a number of pleasant villages. It is watered by several ponds, and by Black river, which gives it a water power, and which is applied to manufacturing operations to some extent. In common with all the towns on Connecticut river, Weathersfield has its share of delightful scenery and there is no better place to find it, in all its richness, than on the Ascutney, at the north part of the town. : west boundary from Deering, and meanders through the N. and E, sections of the town, and passes the S. line about half a mile from the S. E. corner. This river affords the best mill seats in the town. There are three small ponds in this town. Rattlesnake hill, nearly in the centre of the N. line of the town, abounds with shelving rocks, abrupt precipices, forming dens and caves. Dui'ing the summer season, the reptile from which the hill takes its name, is frequently found. The town, though rather broken, is not mountainous. It has small ; Webster, Mass. swamps, and some good meadows. It is its Worcester now and wealthy husbandmen. It was incorporated in 1764, and received its name in honor of Meshech Weare, chief justice of the province of N. H. VV^eare is 15 miles S. W. from Concord, and 17 N. N. W. from Amherst. Population, 1S30, 2,430. co. [Those who lation, 1837, 1,210. Avish There are in operation in this town two woolen and four large course and distance to the onion fields in Connecticut, or to their f^\ir cultivators, will please see Wethersfield, Ct.] Weathersfield was first settled about the year 1778. It is bounded to find the cotton mills, a cotton thread mill, 1 machine shop, 1 bleachery, a tannery, and a manufactory of tin ware total value of manufactures, the year ending April 1, 1837, : by Springfield, N. by Windsor, and is 61 miles S. by E. from MontS. Population, in 1830, 2,213. This town lies on the west side of Connecticut river, at the " Bow," so called from a bend in the river. It contains large tracts of rich meadow land, and the uplands are of a good quality. William Jarvis, Esq., for many years a resident here, owns a large This town was Douglas, Thompson, in S. by Connecticut, and W. by Dudley. It is 46 miles W. S. W. from Boston, 16 S. from Worcester, 45 E. by S. from Springfield, and 28 N. W. from Providence, R. I. Popu- Weatliersfielcl, Vt. Windsor co. incoiporated in 1832, and named in conipliment to Hon. Daniel Webster, including a part of Dudley and Oxford, and a tract of land previously unincoi-porated. It is bounded N. by Oxford, E. by settled and cultivated to extreme limits by industrious $312,277. French river and a pond give this place a large and unfailing water power. The original name of this pond, as appears from ancient deeds, was Chabanako7igkomo 171, the same pelier. name by which Dudley was known, though the latter probably borrowfrom the former. Some records and maps of New England ed I it �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. have given the name of Chargog- gagoggmanchoggagogg. The at the outlet of this pond is 24 fall feet, which is increased after it empties into French river to about 90 feet the Cape it is neatly built, and although it is surrounded by sand hills, and almost entirely destitute : of vegetation, it makes a handsome for the late Samuel Slater to concentrate here a large portion of his Wellfieet bay sets into the town from the south, and is separated from Cape Cod bay by several islands, which form a good harbor, at a place called " Deep manufacturing capital Hole." it passes into Connecticut. This afforded ample water power before and it is to Father of American manufactures,' that this place is indebted for most of the the enterprise of this ; which it at present enwas his favoiite residence, and where his remains now rest. A remnant of the Dudley, or more properly of the Nipmuck InIt They are about 40 in number, though but few of them are of pure blood. These Indians formerly owned a considerable tract of reserved land in the centre of Chabanakongkamon or Dudley. This was sold by order of the legislature, and the proceeds appropriated to their support, and to the purchase of about 30 acres, on which they now reside. This money is now expended, and they are dependent on the bounty of the dians, reside here. In 1837, there were 120 vessels, ' prosperity joys. appearance. state for support. Weld, Me. Franklin co. This town contains a large and beautiful pond, the outlet of which forms a considerable river, which passing south falls into the Androscoggin at Mexico. The surface of the town is remarkably pleasant, and the soil fertile. Wheat crop, 1837, 6,039 bushels. Weld lies 53 miles W. N. W. from Augusta, and 14 W. from Farmington. Population, in 1830, 766 ; 1837, 953. Wellfleet, Mass. measuring about 6,000 tons, belonging to this place, employed in the cod and mackerel fisheries, and a number engaged in the coasting trade. The fishermen took 3,100 quintals of cod fish, and 17,500 barrels of mackerel the value of which was $128,500. The quantity of salt used was 29,350 bushels the number of hands employed was 496. During that year there were 39 establishments for the manufacture of salt in this place ; the quantity made was 10,000 bushels. There are several ponds and streams in the town, which afford water power sufficient for a large cotton mill. There are some manufactures of leather, boots and shoes but the people are principally employed in the fishery, coasting trade and manufacture of salt. Wellfleet was incorporated in 1723. Population, 1830, 2,044; 1837, 2,303. Dr. Morse stated in 1797, that " since the memory of people now living, there have been in this small town thirty pai" of twins, besides two births that produced three : : ; each." This is one of the most thriving towns in the state. One of its forresidents. Col. Elisha Doane, have acquired a fortune of 120,000 pounds sterling on this sandy spot. The Indian name of the town mer is said to Barnstable co. This township lies on both sides of Cape Cod it is hounded N. by Truro, S. by Eastham, and is 33 miles below Barn- was Rinonakannil. stable. bounded E. by Parkman, S. by HarIt is mony, and W. by Brighton. : The town is on the west side of Wellinglom, Me. Piscataquis co. Wellington is �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. watered by one of the head branches of Sebasticook river, and lies about 22 miles N. by E. from Skovvhegan. part of the town is elevated, but its surface, generally, is undulating, with a productive A Wheat soil. Population, 1837, 721. crop, same year, 4,290 bushels. Wells, Me. York CO. Wells lies on the sea coast between York and Kennebunk, and is 85 miles S. W. by S. from Augusta, and 30 S. W. by S. from Portland. The first settlers came from Exeter, N. H., about the A year 1640. chief, noted Indian Wawwaw, lived here about one hundred years ago, pretending to claim this and some adjoining towns. There is no evidence of any purchase of Indian tle pond, which in Marshfield. It runs nearly southeast about two miles, and falfs into Long pond in Groton, which is about two miles long and 100 rods wide. From this pond it continues its southeasterly course half a mile, and falls into another pond, which is about half a mile long and a quarter of a mile wide. It then runs a mile and a half, and meets the south branch, which rises near the southwest corner of the town, and runs nearly east to its junction with the main stream ; it then runs east southeast about a mile, and receives the north branch, which has its source near the southeast corner of the town. Continuing the same course, it passes through the northwest part of Ryegate into Newbury, and running near the line ship somewhat ous. A difficult. Ogunquit riv- in the southerly part of the town, forms a harbor for small coasting and fishing vessels. The town contains about 35,000 acres, of which one fifth may be considered waste land, or unfit for cultivation. It contains large tracts er, of salt meadow. exported to Wood for fuel is the north- it title to the soil. charter from Thomas Gorges is dated Sept. 27, 1643. There are a number of small streams or brooks running through the town in various directions, on which are 1 fulling, 16 saw and 10 grist mills. The principal river near the middle of the town, and was called by the Indians Wehhannet, but is now generally called the " Town river." sand bar at the entrance renders the navigation The town lies at west corner of Groton and a part of between Newbury and Ryegate about 4 miles, falls into Connecticut river about half a mile south of the northeast corner of Newbury. This is generally a rapid stream, furnishing many excellent mill privileges. W^ells, Vt. Rutland is co. level, The A part of this townand a part mountain- soil is generally good, and productive of grain, and of pasturage for sheep, of which between three and four thousand are kept. The principal stream in the town issues from W^ells or St. Augustine lake or pond, a beautiful sheet of water, partly in Poultney, 5 miles in length, and covering 2,000 acres. Boston and other places, in considerable At the outlet of this pond is a snug Some village, with some water power West In- machinery. quantities. trade is carried on with the and vessels of various size are built from timber in the town. In- dies, corporated, 1653. Population, 1837, 3,042. This town furnished a large number of revolutionary officers. Wells River, Vt. This river has its sour"" i" Ket- Wells was first settled in 1768. 65 miles S. S. W. from Montpelier, and 13 S. W. from Rutland. Population, 1830, 880. It lies W^endell, Sullivan co., Springfield, E. ]V. H., bounded N. by by Sunapee lake. is �; NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. it from New London and Newbury, S. by Goshen, W. by Newport and Croydon. It is 35 miles N. W. from Concord, and 7 E. from Newport. A conside^abie part of lake Sunapee, a noble sheet separating The of water, lies in this town. surface of this lake is said to contain 4,095 acres, of which 2,720 Here is the acres are in Wendell. principal source of Sugar river, which flows from the lake near its centre from north to south ; passes through the centre of the town into Newport, from thence into Claremont, where it unites with the Connecticut. There are three small ponds, containing an area of about This town was granted 300 acres. by the name of Saville in 176S. It was settled in 1772, and was incor- when it received its name from John Wendell, one of porated in 1781, the principal proprietors. tion, 1830, 637. Popula- Wendell, Mass. Franklin Wendell is co. The surface uneven, and but the soil in of some is strong ; Miller's river productive. passes through the north part of the town, giving mill privileges, fertility and beauty in its course. There is a curious kind of stone found here, embedded with mica slate and Chalk pond furnishes a substance from which chalk is made by parts hilly and burning it. The manufactures of this pleasant town consist of palm-leaf hats, boots, shoes, leather, cabinet ware, chairs. &c. Wendell was incorporated in 17S1, and named in honor of Oliver Wendell, Esq., a very worthy man, for many years president of Union Bank, in Boston, the second institution of the kind in Massachusetts. Mr. Wendell was a great patron of this town, and frequently visited it. Wendell is bounded north by Erving, east by Phillip'^ton, south by Salem, and west by Montague. The mill privileges on Millers river in this town are very valuable ; many of which remain unimproved. Wendell lies 80 miles W. by N. from Boston, and 14 E. from Greenfield. Population, 1S37, 347 'Wciiliaiu, Mass Essex CO. This town is 20 miles N. by E. from Boston, 6 N. from Salem, and 16 S. from Newbury- IncorFirst settled, 1639. Population, 1837, porated, 1643. 698. Wenhara or Enoii pond is a beautiful sheet of water, about a mile port. square, and affords an of excellent iish. It is The ted. this place first abundance much visi- sermon preached was on the border of in this Hugh PeSalem, about the His text was, " At year 163G. Enon near Salem, because there was much water there." Mr. Peters went to England, as agent for the colony, 1641 ; engaged in the civil wars on the side of the parliament, and was executed after the restoration of Charles pond, by the celebrated ters, minister of II. The surface of the town is pleasant the soil is generally of a good quality, and well cultivated oy industrious and independent farmers." : John Duntan, an Englishman who travelled in this country in 1686, and on his return to England pub- lished a journal of his travels, gives the following account of Vv'enham, and of its minister, Joseph Gerrish, who was ordained Feb. 13, 1675, and died Jan. 6, 1719. " Wenham is a delicious para- abounds with rural pleasI would choose it above all other towns in America to dwell in the lofty trees on each side of it are a sufficient shelter from the winds, and the warm sun so kindly ripens both the fruits and flowers, as if the spiing, the summer, and the autumn had agreed together *o dise, it ures, and ; �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. thrust the winter out of doors. It were endless to enter on a detail of each faculty of learning Mr. Gerrish is master of, and I therefore take his character in short hand. The philosopher is acute, ingenious and subtle. The divine, curious, orthodox and profound. The man of a majestic air, without austerity or sourness; his aspect is masterly and great, yet not imperious or haughty. Tlie christian is devout without moroseness, or starts of holy frenzy, and enthusiasm. The preacher is primitive without the occasional colors of whining, or cant, and methodical, witliout intricacy or affectation and which crowns his character, he is a man of public spirit, zealous for the conversion of the Indians, and of great hospitality to strangers. He gave us a noble dinner, and entertained us with such pleasant fruits, ; as I must own, Old England is a stranger to." 1Veiilocl£, Vt. Essex CO. gives rise to Nulhegan water sufficient for several valuable mill seats. In the east part of the town, lies part of Carr's mountain, covered in its natural state with a heavy growth of forest trees. part of the elevation called Mount Cuba lies in the W. part of Wentworth. This mountain contains inexhaustible quantities of the best limestone, of which a constant supply of good lime is made, and sold Iron ore is found at a low price. A in A'^arious parts. governor The The lands liere are loo elevated for cultivation. Wenlock lies .53 miles N. E. from Population, in 1S30, Montpelier. 24. Weiitwortli, I^. H. Grafton co. This town is bounded N. by Warren, E. by Rumney, S. by Dorchester, and W. by Orford. It is 15 miles N. W. from Plymouth, and 52 N. N. W. from Concord. This town is watered by Baker's river, on which is a fall of 13 or 20 feet, affording an excellent privilege for all kinds of water machinery. The South branch of Baker's river passes through the southerly part of this town and joins the main branch near Rumney line. There are but few ponds. Baker's, situated on Orford line, is the most considerable the outlet of which is called Pond brook, acd affords ; soil is gen- Benning Wentworth. settlement commenced a few years before the revolutionary war. Articles of subsistence, potatoes and seeds for the propagation of vegetables, were transported thither from the lower part of the state on pack horses, hand-sleighs and in knapsacks. Population, in 1830, 624. first Wesley, Me. This mountain town a principal branch of river. The erally good; the lands in the vicinity of the rivers are of the first Wentworth was granted quality. in 1766. It received its name from Washington co. We should like know the particular circumstances of Wesley, which doubtless was named in honor of one of the Johiv best of men that ever lived Wesley. It must be a thriving town, for its population, for the last 7 years, has increased from 80 But ver}'^ little information to 232. can be obtained respecting a town, from merely its act of incorporation. to Westliorougli, Mass. Worcester co. This town lies on the route of the Boston and Worcester rail road, 32 miles W. from Boston, 10 E. from Worcester, and 3 1-2 N. W. from Hopkinton Springs. It was taken from Marlborough in Population, 1830, 1,438; in 1717. 1837, 1,612. As several persons were engaged in a field spreading flax, in 1704, the Indians rushed upon them from the woods. ^^'^ ^'^ized 4 boys, and �NEV/ ENGLAND GAZETTEER. one, named Nahor Rice, about 5 years of age, who was the first white person buried in the town. The men made their escape to the house. One of the boys was redeemed, the others remained and mixed their posterity with the French and Indians. Timothy Rice, the youngest, 7 years of age, when killed taken, nawaga became a chief of the Cogvisited West- He Indians. borough in 1740, and remembered the house where he had lived, and the field where he was captured, and some aged people. He had lost the English language, and was accompanied by an interpreter. He w^as sent for and visited Gov. Belcher, at Boston, but chose to return to his Indian habits. years. He died, and was buried in the city of Haven. The following is inscribed on his monu- New ment. Eli Whitney, the inventor of the Cotton Gin. Of useful Science and Arts, the efficient patron and improver. Born December 8th, 1765. Jan. oth,1825. In the social relations of a model of excellence. While private Died life, weeps at his tomb, his country honors his affection memory. See A^ew Haven, Ct. West Boylstou, Mass. town consist of Worcester co. This territory some of the sources of Concord and Blackstone rivers, which furnish a was a part of Boylston until 1808, good water power. There are sev- and was first settled about the It is 42 miles W. from eral handsome ponds in the town, year 1720. The waters of w^ell this stocked with The fish. manufactures consist boots, shoes, leather, axes, of chairs, cabinet and tin wares, ploughs, straw bonnets, sleighs, and harnesses total value, the year ending April 1, 1837, .$169,476, of which ; amount $148,774 was for boots and shoes. This is a very pleasant town the surface is diversified by hills and valleys the soil is good, and appears to be cultivated by men who understand their business. brief statement of the products of Mr. Samuel Chamberlain's farm of about 100 acres, in 1833, is here given. Butter, 3,486, lbs. $767. Cheese, 3,836, 221. Beef, 603. . Pork, 652. Veal, 152. , : : A Total, This is the native $2,395. place of Eli Whitney. Soon after he graduated at Yale College, he went to Georgia, where he resided many 39 Boston, and S N. from Worcester. Population, in 1830, 1,053; 1837, The surface of the town is 1,330. very pleasant; the soil good, and well cultivated. The Quinepoxet and Stillwater rivers meet the Nashua in this town. These streams fertilize a large portion of the town, and afford a water power to propel a number of mills. There are in the town 7 cotton mills, and manufactures of boots, shoes, leather, palm-leaf hats, cotton machinery, baskets, boxes, straw braid, hatchets and school apparatus annual value about $200,000. The venerable Robert B. Thomas, author of the Farmer's Almanac, is a resident of this town. There are some mineral treasures in West Boylston, and a spring, the waters of which are strongly impregnated ; with iron. West Bridge-^vatei', Mass. Plymouth co. This is the second daughter of the venerable Bridgewater, who found it difficult to find names for her progeny. This �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. daughter was born in 1822, and although not so stout as her sisters, is healthy, comely and industrious. The manufactures of West Bridgewater consist of iron castings, shovels, forks, hoes, ploughs, boots and shoes: annual value, about $100,- West Bridgewater is supplied with mill privileges by a branch of Taunton river; and is 25 miles S. from Boston, 19 N. W. from Plymouth and 9 N. N. E. from Taunton. The number of her children in 1837, was 1,145; increase 000. m 7 years, 103. In 1820, ancient Bridgewater contained 5,662 children the whole family, in 1837, consisted of 7,865 : members. IVestbroolc, Me. Cumberland co. Thi^ flourishing t6wn was taken from Falmouth in 1814. It is 52 miles S. S. Vv'. from Population, 1830, is very pleasant. 3,238; 1837,3,755 West Cambridge, Mass. Middlesex co. This was a parof Cambridge, called " Menotomy," until its incorporation, in 1807. A part of the lands are low and swampy, but the general feaish tures of the town are pleasant. Spy, Little, and a part of Fresh ponds lie in this town they abound with fish, and add much to the beauty of the place. These ponds cover an area of about 200 acres, and furnish large quantities of ice In this town are for transportation. some very pleasant villages, numerous country seats, and well cul; Large quantities of tivated farms. milk are daily taken to the Boston market, and this place is a considable mart for cattle from the interior country. bounded E. by The Presumpscot river Portland. passing through the town from west Sucker brook, though a small stream, furnishes a good water pow- with rich intervales, and numerous valuable mill The Cumberland and privileges. Oxford canal also passes through the town. This town is noted for so great, Augusta, and is to east, furnishes its working cattle it which are said to equal any in the country. The principal pl;ice of business in Westbrook,is at the pleasant village of Saccarappa, vi^here are large operations in the manufacture of lumber, and where has recently been erected, by citizens of Portland, a large brick cotton mill, containing 2,900 spindles, and 104 looms, and which is in successful operation. Stroudvvater, another village, has some navigation employed in the fishery and coasting trade, and has been celebrated lor the line ships In Westbrook are exbuilt there. tensive manufactures of tin ware and combs, which are sent to all parts of the United States. The scenery along the canal, and about the falls on the Presumpscut, The descent of this stream is that dams are erected in the town for appropi-iating its waThe meter nine different times. chanical operations of West Cambridge consist of dying and printing er. pulverizing drugs, medicines and dye-stuffs, a turning and sawing mill, and the manufacture of saws, cards, boots, shoes, cabinet ware and chairs; total value, the year endirig April 1, 1837, $312,V>00. West Cambridge is 6 miles N. W. from Boston, and 12 E. by S. from Concord. Population, calico, 1830, 1,308. ^Vesterly, R. I. Westerly is Washington washed by the Atlantic ocean on the south, and Pawcatuck river, which separates this state fvom This Connecticut, on the west. maritime town has its principal harbor at the mouth of the Pawcatuck, in which vessels are built, and in which some navigation is employed in the fishery and domestic trade. co. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. The Pawcatuck affords a great variety of scale and shell fish. The surface of the town is generally uneven ; in some parts it presents rugged features. Its soil varies from good to bad, but its average quality is well adapted to the culture of all the varieties of grains, grasses, fruits and vegetables common to the climate. The business of the dairy is extensive and lucrative. The village of Pawcatuck is very handsome it is finely located 6 miles from the sea, at the head of navigation on the Pawca<^uck, and at the falls on that stream. This village is the site of valuable manufactures, and of a large interior trade. It is crossed by the Providence and Stonington rail road, and lies 40 miles S. S. W. from Providence, 5 N. N. E. from Stonington, and 35 W. by S. from Newport. There are a numl)er of pleasant ponds in the town, well stored with fish. Westei-ly was incorporated in 1669. Population, 1830, Its Indian name was Mis1,904. ; quamicut. West 1830, 353. Westfield River, Mass. This river, often called the Aga- wam, rises Berkshire north part of It has many exceedingly wild in the county. tributaries, and is and romantic in many places. Its main branch traverses the towns of Plainfield, Cummington, Goshen, Worthington, Chesterfield, Norwich, Montgomery, Russell, and Westfield, and meets the Connecticut at West Springfield, 30 miles N. from Hartford, Ct. Westfield, Mass. Hampden of co. river. It lies in a valley or basin of about 4 miles in diameter, sur- rounded by high hills, and is supto have been the bed of a posed lake whose waters burst the Mount Tom range of mountains and discharged itself into Connecticut riv- The Hampshire and Hampden Orange co. This town is watered by Ompomponoosuc river, and by a part of Fairlee pond. The surface is rough and mountainous, but capable of sustaining a consid- canal passes through this town, and promises great advantages to its trade and hydraulic power. About a third part of the population of the village is engaged in making whips. The annual amount erable in connexion with Fairlee, in 1761; dnd incorporated as a distinct town in 1797. It lies 28 miles S. E. from Montpelier, and 12 E. by S. from Chelsea. Population, 1830, 841. of that article manufactured here is about $160,000. There are also three powder mills in the town, and manufactures of tin ware, ploughs, boots, shoes, leather, cigars, palmleaf hats, chairs, cabinet and wood- en wares total annual value, about $250,000. The Westfield academy is in hig;h standing it has considerable funds, and its annual number of scholars is about 400. Westfield was first settled in 1659. It lies 99 Incorporated in 1669. miles W. S. W. from Boston, 9 W. by N. from Springfield, and 16 S. : Westfield, Vt. A Orleans co. number of the branches of Missisque river meet in (his town, and afford a good water power. part of the surface of Westfield is mountainous; through which is the pass in the Green mountains, called Hazen's A This is a place on Westfield singular beauty, er. Pairlee, Vt. namber of cattle. West Fairlee was chartered Notch. Westfield was first settled about the year 1800. It lies 42 miles N. from Montpelier, and 44 N. E. from Burlington. Population, : �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. by W. from Northampton. Popu- Hopkin's Hill, valleys. affords an tionary war, by Hezekiah Parmelee and others. It lies 13 miles N. N. E. from Burlington, and 32 N. agreeable view of the surrounding country. The waters of the town consist of the south branch of the Pawtuxet, which rises here ; and of the upper branches of Wood river, which pass through it. There are some manufactures in the town, but the people are generally en- W. gaged in agricultural pursuits. lation, 1837,3,039. Westford, Vt. Chittenden was co. This township settled soon after the revolu- from Montpelier. Westford is well watered by Brown's river, a branch of the Lamoille. The surface is rough, and the soil good for grazing. Between 3,500 and 4,000 sheep are kept. Population, 1830, 1,290. Westford, Mass. Middlesex co. This is a good farming town, on elevated ground, 26 miles N. W. from Boston, and 10 N.W. from Concord. Incorporated, 1729. Population, 1837, 1,451. The surface and soil of the town are well adapted to the growth of grain, grass and fruit, and large quantities of hay and vegetables are annuall}'^ sent to Boston and Lowell. Quantities of fine granite, commonly called " Chelmsford granite," are found here, quarried and transported. Westford is watered by several beautiful ponds, and by Stoney brook which rises in the town and gives it mill privileges. The manufactures of Westford, consist of bar iron, shoes and leathannual value, about ^25,000. er The village is handsomely situated on a swell of fine land, commanding a beautiful prospect, of great extent, and contains an Academy of ancient date and respectable standing. : West Greenwicli, R. I. Kent CO. This town was taken from East Greenwich in 1741, by which it is bounded on the east. It lies 18 miles S. W. from Providence. Population, 1830, 1,818. This town possesses a primitive geological character, and its surface presents a diversity of hills and '^Vestliampton, Mass. Hampshire co. This township is generally good, particularly for grazing. There is a valuable lead mine in the town ; about 1,000 merino sheep are kept, and some hats and leather are manufactured. It lies 8 miles W. by S. from Northampton. Incorporated, 1772. Population, 1837, 818. rough, but the soil is West Haven, Vt. Rutland co. This town was set from Fair Haven in 1792. It lies 19 miles W. from Rutland, and is bounded W. by lake Champlain, and S. by Whitehall, N. Y. This town is well watered by Hubbardston and Poultney rivers, and Cogman's creek on the foroff ; mer of which are handsome falls and mill sites. The soil is productive of grain and grass there is much limestone and clay in the town, and a large number of sheep are annually sheared. The site of the village is pleasant; it is a place of some trade, navigation and manufactures. Population, 1837, 724. : Westminster, Vt. Windham This town is co. bounded N. by Rockingham, E. by Connecticut river, and S. by Putney. It lies 82 miles S. from Montand 13 N. E. from NewPopulation, 18.30, 1,737. This town was one of the first settled townships in the state, and being situated near a fort for the protection of the country, it prospered rapidly. For some years the pelier, fane. �; NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. courts of law were held here here the legislature of the state held several sessions, and here the massacre of the 13th of March, 1775, was perpetrated. The surface and soil of this town are favorable for agriculture and various articles of produce are annually sent to market. In 1837, 13,766 sheep were sheared in Westminster ; ; The principal and oldest village delightfully situated in the east parish, on the bank of Connecticut is river. The main street, which water power, which have so much contributed to the rapid growth of some of the neighboring villages. IVestmiiister, Mass. co. This town lies on the range of high lands which separate the waters of the Connecticut and Merrimack. From the village a prospect is presented of lake and mountain v/ith all the varied scenery which renders a New England town peculiarly delightful. Several streams, rising from large ponds in this town and its neighborhood, produce a considerable water power, which is improved for manufactures of various kinds. These waters are so elevated and constant that, with a small expense, they might be rendered exceedingly valuable. They deserve particular attention of those in search 39* mill sites in part this of the state. This town lies 50 miles W. N. from Boston, 20 N. by W. from Worcester, and 7 S. W. from Fitchburgh. Incorporated, 1759. Pop- W. ulation, 1830, 1,640. The manufactures of Westminconsist of chairs, cabinet and wooden wares, hats, boots, shoes, straw bonnets, palm-leaf hats, card ster boards, saddlery, and leather nual value, about $60,000. : an- Westiuore, Vt. is perfectly level, crosses a table of land about one mile in diameter, considerably elevated above the river, and also above the large and fertile meadows by which it is approached on the north and south and the whole is enclosed by a semicircle of hills which touch the river about two miles above and below the town. It is this barrier which, while it contributes to the natural beauty of the place, has, by turning the water coui-se in another direction, deprived it of all those facilities of access, and of Worcester of Orleans co. Willoughby's This town contains lake, a handsome surrounded by mounts Hor, Pico, and other elevations. This lake is about 6 miles in length, and one and an half in Branches of Barton, Clyde width. and Passumpsic rivers rise in this and other ponds in the town. Westmore appears to be too high sheet of for the water, habitation of many people in 1830, it contained 32 or sheep inhabitants, and in 1837, 10 sheep. : ^Vestnioreland, ]V. H. Cheshire co. Westmoreland is bounded N. by Walpole, E. by Surry and Keene, S. by Chesterfield, and W. by Dummerston and Putney, Vt. Its distance from Concord is 65 miles S. 1830, 1,647. W. Population, This town is watered by several small streams which empty into the Connecticut. The one issuing from Spafford's lake in Chesterfield is the largest, and affords some of the best water privileges in town. The present charter of the town was granted by New Hampshire, The first settlement was in 1752. made in 1741. The early settlers were several times attacked by the In one of their excurIndians. sions, they killed William Phips, the first husband of Jemima How ; and in another, carried Nehemiah How, the father of her second husband, a captive to Canada, where �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. he died. land is The Westmoreby mountains, vales, rivers and ponds, than the neighboring towns. : Weston, Me. is the half Hampden academy. It lies a few miles west from Grand Lake it is watered by Baskahegan river, and is about 90 Popumiles N. E. from Bangor. : 1837, 213. Wheat crop, same year, 4,706 bushels. Weston, Vt. Windsor through West co. Weston, Fairfield co. river passes town, and on its banks are some good land, son)e manufactures and two pleasant villages. It was set off from Andover in 1790, and organized as a town in 1800. Weston lies QQ miles S. by W. from Montpelier, and 22 S. W. from Windsor. Population, 1830, 972. this Weston, Mass. tled in 1738. Weston was taken It was setThe town is watered by Saugatuck and Mill rivers, and which furnish a good water power. There are some a pleasant brook, valuable mills for manafactures in the town, but the chief business of the inhabitants is agricultural. The soil is a gravelly loam, with an uneven surface. Weston is 60 miles S. W. from Hartford, and is bounded N. W. by Fairfield. Population, 1830, 2,997. " On Monday, the 14th of December, 1807, at about the break of day, or a little after, the weather being moderate, calm, and the at- somewhat cloudy and foggy, a meteor' or Jire ball, passing from a northern point, disploded over the western part of this state, with a tremendous report. At the same time several pieces of stony substance fell on the earth in Fairfield county. One mass was driven against a rock and dashed in small pieces, a peck of which remained on the spot. About three miles distant, in the town of Weston, another large piece fell upon the earth, of which a mass of about thirty pounds weight remains entire, and was exhibited the same day at town meeting. small mass has been sent to Yale College, and examined by a number of gentlemen. It was immediately perceived by Professor Silliman to contain a metal, and on presenting A it Middlesex Ct. from Fairfield in 1787. mosphere This town was incorporated in 1835. It township granted to lation, town : Essex CO. This is a part of the ancient town of Newbury, and was taken from it in 1819. This pleasant town lies on the S. side of Merrimack river; 33 miles N. from Boston, 20 E. from Lowell, and 4 W. from Newbury port. Population, 1S37, 1,448. This is a fine township of land, and many excellent farms and country seats are found within its limits. Asbestos and marble are found here. Although most of the inhabitants of the town are professional farmers, still there are manufactures of bar iron, combs, chaises, leather, and shoes annual value, about $75,000. co. of the consist of boots, shoes, leather, machinery, ploughs, chairs, harnesses, annual value, pottery ware, &c. about $60,000. Incorporated, 1712 "West Newbury, Mass. Washington The manufactures surface of less varied to a magnet a powerful attraction This is, we be iron. This is a township of good land with a neat and proved flourishing village. It lies 14 miles W. from Boston, 9 S. by E. from United States, in which the substance of this species of meteor has been found on the earth, though it has often been found in Europe.'* Concord, and brook. co. is watered by Stony Population, 1837, 1,105. it to believe, the first instance in the �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Wcstport, Me. Lincoln co. This town is surrounded by the waters of Sheepscot river and bay, and is bounded N. by Wiscasset, E. by Edgecoinb and Boothbay, and S. and W. by Sheepscot's bay and Georgetown. It is 29 miles S. by E. from Augusta. Population, 1837, 580. Incorporated in 1828. Westport, Mass. CO. This town is pleassituated on Acoakset river, near the mouth of Buzzard's bay, on the line of Rhode Island ; 18 Bristol antly miles N. N. E. from Newport, 25 from Taunton, 10 S. by E. S. from Fall River, 10 S. W. from New Bedford, and 60 S. from Eoston. Five vessels belong- to this place, engaged in the whaling business, and a number of small vessels are employed in coasting and fishing. The value whale imported into Westport, the year ending April 1, 1337, was $53,670. The value of the manufactures of this town, the same year, was $69,375; they consisted of cotton yarn, salt and hoes. The number of sheep sheared that year, was 2,392 ; value of the wool, ^2,551. This town was incorporated in 1787. Population, in 1837,2,618. of Westport, oil Ct. This pleasant town Fairfield co. was called Saugatuck, the name of a river that passes through it, until 1835. It was taken from the towns of Fairfield, Norwalk and Weston. It is about 5 miles in length from north to soiith, and is bounded E. by by Long Island Sound, Population, and W. by Norwalk. quite a business and com- place, mands considerable The Saugatuck is trade. navigable for vessels of 7 feet draught of water to the village, which is 6 1-2 miles W. from Fairfield, 3 1-2 N. E. from Norwalk, and 27 Haven. S. W. from New About 2 1-2 miles south of the village of Westport, is a smooth and beautiful elevation, called CoTiipo. It was at this place that the British troops landed in April, 1777, when on their expedition to Danburj, They also returned to this place when they embarked on board ot their shipping. men were Seven killed in or eight the vicinity of the Congregational church in Westport. Ball Mountain, a conical eminence, covered with large trees from its base to its summit, is situated a little south of the village, and is a striking feature in the landscape. West Q,uocldy Head, Me. See Quoddy Head. "West River, Vt. This river rises in Weston, in the county of Windsor, and passing S. through the towns of Londonderry, Jamaica, Wardsborough, and Nevvfane, in the county of Windham, it falls into the Connecticut at the north part of Brattleborough. This river receives many branches in its course, which are good mill streams the main river is rather sluggish, and fertilizes large tiacts West river traverses of meadow. a distance of about 50 miles, and waters a basin of 440 square miles. : West River Mountain, N. H. See Chesterfield and Hinsdale. Fairfield, S. 1835, 1,800. There are in the town, 2 or 3 cotton mills, 2 carriage factories, and manufactures of shoes, hats and various other articles. The village is IVest Springfield, Mass. Hampden tifully co. situated This town is beauon both sides of its confluence with the Connecticut, opposite to Westfield river, at �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Springfield, to which it is connected by a beautiful bridge. Some parts of the town are rough and uneven, and in some parts are stonyplains ; but the general character of the town in regard to soil is alluvial meadow of an excellent quali- On the summits of the hills and along the rivers, a great variety of wild and delightful scenery is ty. exhibited. There are 1 cotton and 2 woolen mills in the town, and manufactures of leather, boots and shoes; annual value, about $100,000. In 1837, there were 3,374 tleeces of wool sheared in the town, which weighed 8,512 lbs., and sold for $5,107. Good iron ore is found in West Springfield, and a species of limestone, used for making water proof cement. Incorporated, 1774. Population, 1837, 3,227. West Stocls.'bi'iclge, Berkshire which Mass. "Williams co. riv- m Richmond, runs through the whole length of this er rises town, and gives it a great hydraulic power. This town is bounded W. by the state of New York, and lies on the route of the great western rail road from Boston to Albany. part of the town is hilly but the soil is generally good. Along the river A ; a valley of tine land which gives to the village, and value to the town. Mines of iron ore are found in this town, and an inex- is beauty haustible quantity of variegated marble. The manufactures beautifully of the town bar iron, axes, brads, machinery, marble, leather, wooden ware, &c annual value, about $50,000. West Stockbrida^e lies 135 miles W. from Boston, 9 S. S. W. from Lenpx, 26 E. by N. from Hudson, N. Y., and 37 1-2 S. E. by S. from Albany, by the proposed rail road. Incorporated, 1774. Population, in consist of ; 1837, 1,244. Wetliersiield, Ct. Hartford co. dian Pyquag, This town, the In- was one of the first towns in the state. It is supposed that most of the Wethersfield settlers came round from Boston by water, and arrived in July, before the Windsor and Hartford settlers, who came through the wilderness, and did not reach the Connecticut until about the 9th of settled November. Wethersfield is bounded N. by Hartford, E. by Connecticut river, S.by Middletown, and W.by Berlin. lies 4 miles S. from Hartford. It Population, in 1820, 3,825 ; in 1830, 3,853. Piper's river and other small streams water the town, but afford no important mill sites. The area of the town is about 6 miles square, containing 23,000 acres. This is an excellent township of land, having an undulating surface, and exhibiting a beautiful diversity of hill and dale. The generally a rich gravelly and sandy loam, but in the western part of the town, argillaceous loam prevails ; and some small sections in the centre, may be considered as a garden mould. It is well adapted to grass and grain, and particularly to esculent roots. The tract of alluvial upon Connecticut river is exsoil is tensive and beautiful, and very productive. Among other agricultural interests in this town, the cultivation of onions has long held a conspicuous rank. This is an important agricultural pursuit, although it occupies but a small portion of land, and the service is principally performed by females. Wethersfield onions have long been justly celebrated, and large quantities are exported to the southern states and the West Indies for a market. The changing of the bed of the river in this town has been the occasion of much litigation respecting �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. the title Mr. Butler, upon which the to the soil. who owned a tract was encroaching, found after a while, some of his land appearing river on the opposite side of the river, and accordingly laid claim to it. His claim was disputed, as he never owned land on that side of the was a long time before was decided. There appeared some difficulty in making river. It this case the jury who sat on the case, to understand the merits of the question. Mr. Ingersoll, a relative of the IngersoU family in New Haven, was the counsel employed by Mr. ButHe illustrated the case by ler. supposing that Mr. B. had built a castle on the land in question. Although the ground on which it stood might be overflowed, yet still it was his castle, and also the ground on which it stood, and he had a right property wherever he could find it. The case was finally decided in accordance with these views. The State Prison of Connecticut was erected in this town in 1826, and the prisoners from Newgate to his prison, in Granby, were removed here the next year. This building is situated on the south margin of cove, which sets back from Connecticut river, at the north end of Wethersfield village. The buildings of the prison form very nearly a quadrangle, on the south side of which, stands the building which The is more properly the Prison. apartments of the warden are situated in the east end of this buildsurrounds the ing the centre block of cells 4 stories high, in which the male prisoners are locked up. This hall or centre is 154 feet long, 43 feet wide, and 30 feet high the number of cells or night rooms is 200. The west end, is used as the female department, containing cells, rooms for labor, kitchen, and apartments for the matron. The east, north, and west sides of this quadrangle, are formed by a wall 20 feet high. With- the ; ; yard are situated two ranges of shops one on the east side, and one upon the west, in which the convicts perform their daily labor. The passage into the prison, is through the warden's apartment, into the guard room, thence into the hall surrounding the cells, thence into the yard. This is the only passage, except through a large gate on the north side of the in this ; yard. Rocky Hill, the south parish of lies on a collection of hills which are a continuation of one of the Middletown range Wethersfield, : these eminences, Rocky given name hill, has It has a the parish. pleasant little village on an elevated situation, 7 miles from Hartford, with a landing at some distance, where considerable commerce and ship building were formerly carto ried on. JVewingtnn, the 2d society in Wethersfield, was formerly called Cow plain. The village is pleasantly situated in a fertile valley, west of Cedar mountain the central part is 6 miles from Hartford, and 4 from Wethersfield village. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in agriculture, and are distinguished for their general intelligence, and attachment to the institutions of morality and religion. Many years since, a gentleman of Newington, who was a very religious and conscientious man, married for a wife, one of the most ill natured and troublesome women which could be found in the viciniThis occasioned universal surty. : prise wherever he was known, and one of his neighbors ventured to ask him the reasons which governed his choice. The gentleman replied, that having had but little or no trouble in the world, he was fearful of becoming too much at- tached to things of time and sense. And he thought by experiencing some afflictions, he should become more weaned from the world, and �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. that he married such a woman as he thought would accomplish the The best part of the story that the wife hearing of the reasons why he married her, was object. is, much offended, and out of revenge, of the most pleasant and dutiful wives in the town, declaring that she was not a going to be made a pack horse, to carry her became one husband heaven. Wetherstield was the scene of one of the most horrible butcheries ever committed ; that of the Beadle family, in 1782. Beadle was an Englishman, and came to this country in 1762. He settled in Fairfield, where he married, and remained until about 10 years before this tragedy. The following are extracts from an account of this event, written by a neighbor, and attached to the funeral sermon of Mrs. Beadle and her to children. " When the war commenced, he had on hand a very handsome assortment of goods for a country store, which he sold for the currency of the country, without any advance in the price the money he laid by, waiting and expecting the ; the time would soon he might arrive when therewith replace his goods, resolving not to part with it until it should be in as good demand as when received by him. His expectations from this quarter daily lessening, finally lost all hope, On he expresses himfollowing extraordinary manner ' If a man, who has once lived well, meant well, and done well, falls by unavoidable accident into poverty, and -then submits to be laughed at, despised and trampled this subject self in the : mean wretches as below him as the moon is below the sun I say if such a man submits, he must become meaner than meanness itself, and I sincerely wish he might have 10 years added to his natural life to punish him on, by a set of far ; for his folly.' " He fixed upon the night succeeding the ISth of November for the execution of his nefarious purpose, and procured a supper of oj'^sters, of which the family eat very plentifully that evening he writes ' I have prepared a noble as follows supper of oysters, that my flock and I may eat and drink together, : : thank God and die.' After supper he sent the maid with a studied errand to a friend's house at some distance, directing her to stay until she obtained an answer to an insignificant letter he wrote his friend, intending she should not return that evening she did however return perhaps her return disconcerted him and prevented him for that time. The next day he — ; carried his pistols to a smith for repair it may be, the ill condition of his pistols might be an additional : reason of the delay. " On the evening of the 10th of and was thrown into a state little better than despair, as appears from December sojne persons were with his writing he adopted a plan of him at his house to whom he apthe most rigid family economy, but peared as cheerful and serene as still kept up the outward appearusual he attended to the little afance of his former affluence, and fairs of his family as if nothing ever to the last entertained his uncommon was in contemplation. friends with his usual decent hospi- The company left him about nine tality, although nothing appeared o'clock in the evening, when he in his outward deportment, which was urgent as usual for their stay evinced the uncommon pride of his whether he slept that night is unheart. His writings show clearly certain, but it is believed he went that he was determined not to bear to bed. The children and maid the mortification of being thought slept in one chamber in the grey by his friends poor and dependent. of the morning of the Ilth of De: ; : : �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. cember he went to their bed chamawaked the maid and ordered ears, and fired them at the same inwent through the ber, stant: the her to rise gently, without disturbing the children, when she caine down stairs he gave her a line to the family physician, who lived at the distance of a quarter of a mile ordered her to carry it immediately, at the same time declaring that Mrs. Beadle had been ill all night, and directing her to stay until the physician should come with her this he repeated sundry times with a degree of ardor. There is much reason to believe he had murdered Mrs. Beadle before he awaked the maid. Upon the maid's leaving the house he immediately proceeded to execute his purpose on the children and himself. It appears he had for some time before, carried to his bedside every night an axe and a carving knife ; he smote his wife and each of the children with the axe on the side of the head as they lay sleeping in their beds the woman had two wounds in the head, the skull of each of tliem was fractured he then with the carving knife cut their throats from ear to ear; the woman and little boy were drawn partly over the side of their beds, as if to prevent the bedding from being besmeared with blood the three daughters were taken from the bed and laid upon the floor side by side, like three Iambs, before their throats were cut they were covered with a blanket, and the woman's face with a handkerchief. He then proceeded to the lower floor of the house, leaving marks of his footsteps in blood on the stairs, carrying with him the axe and knife, the latter he laid on the table in the room where he was found, reeking with the blood of his family. Perhaps he had thoughts he might use it against himself if his pistols should fail. It appears he then seated himself in a Windsor chair, with his arms supported by the arms of the chair he lixed the head in transverse directions. Although the neighbors were very near and some of them awake, none heard the report of the pis- ; ; : ; ; : ; ; muzzles of the pistols into his two balls tols. " The line to the physician obscurely announced the intentions of the man the house was soon opened, but alas, too late The' bodies were pale and motionless, ; ! swimming in their blood, their faces mountain snow, yet life seemed to tremble on their lips description can do no more than faintly ape and trifle with the real white as : figure. " Such a tragical scene filled every mind with the deepest distress: nature recoiled, and was on the rack with distorting passions the most poignant sorrow and tender pity for the lady and her innocent : babes, who were the hapless victims of the brutal, studied cruelty of an husband and father, in whose embraces they expected to find security, melted every heart. Shocking effects of pride and false notions about religion " To paint the first transports this affecting scene produced, when the house was opened, is beyond my reach. Multitudes of all ages and sexes were drawn together by the sad tale. The very inmost souls of the beholders were wounded at the sight, and torn by contending passions. Silent grief, wuth marks of astonishment, were ! succeeded by furious indignation against the author of the affecting spectacle, which vented itself in incoherent exclamations. Nature itself seemed rufhed, and refused the kindly aid of balmy sleep for a time. " Near the close of the day on the r2th of December, the bodies being still unburied, the people who had collected in great numbers, rage, grew almost frantic with and in a manner demanded �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. the body of the murderer: the law being silent on the subject, it was difficult to determine where decency required the body should be placed many proposed it should be in an ignominious manner where four roads met, v.'ithout any coffin or insignia of respect, and perfora: ted by a stake. Upon which a question arose, where that place could be found which might be unexceptionable to the neighborhood, but no one would consent it should be near his house or land. After some consultation it was thought best to place it on the bank of the river between high and low water mark the body was handed out of the window and bound with cords on a sled, with the clothes on as it was found, and the bloody knife tied on his breast, without coffin or box, and the horse he usually rode was made fast to the sled the horse, unaccustomed to the draught, proceeded with great un: : steadiness, sometimes running full speed, then stopping, followed by a multitude, until arriving at the wa- edge, the body was tumbled into a hole dug for the purpose, like the carcase of a beast. "On the 13th of December, the bodies of the murdered were interred in a manner much unlike that of the unnatural murderer. The remains of the children were borne by a suitable number of equal age, attended by a sad procession of youths of the town, all bathed in tears ; side by side the hapless woman's corpse was carter's ried in solemn procession to the parish church yard, followed by a great concourse, who with affectionate concern and every token of respect were anxious to express their heartfelt sorrow in performing the last mournful duties. " The person of Mr. Beadle was small, his features striking and full of expression, with the aspect of fierceness and determination ; his mind was contemplative ; when once he had formed an opinion, he was remarkably tenacious as a merchant or trader, he was esteemed a man of strict honor and integrity, and would not descend to any low or mean artifice to advance his fortune. He was turned of 52 years of age when he died. " Mrs. Beadle was born at Plymouth in Massachusetts, of reputa: ble parents, a comely person, of good address, well bred, and unusually serene, sincere, unaffected and sensible. She died in the middle of life, aged 32 years. " The children, (the eldest of which was a son, aged 12 years, three, daughters, the youngest aged 6 years) were such as cheered the hearts of their parents, who were uncommonly fond of displaying their little virtues and excellencies, and seemed to anticipate a continuance of growing parental satisfaction alas, like earl}', the other : tender buds nipped by untimely frosts, they did but begin to live " It is more than probable, that ! this man had for months past desired that some or all of his children might be taken out of the world by accident he removed all means of security from a well near his house, which he was careful heretofore to keep covered. His little boy he often sent to swim in the river, and has been heard to chide the child for not venturing further into deep water than his fears would suffer him. He has at times declared it would give him no pain or uneasiness to follow his children to the grave his acquaintance knew these expressions could not arise from want of affection or tenderness for his c^iildren, but rather imagined him speaking rashly in jest. He ever spoke lightly of death as a bugbear the world causelessly feared. It appears from his writings, he at first had doubts whether it was just and reasonable for him to deprive his wife of life, and offers against it only this reason. : : �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. he had no hand in bringing her into existence, and consequently had no power over her life. She set out on the 7th of November on a journey to Fairfield, which he thought was by direction of Heaven to clear him of his doubts and remove her out of the way, at the time the business was to be done and his intention was to have executed his design on himself and children in her absence. She proceeded no further than New Haven, and by reason of some disappointment, returned ten days earlier than expected he appeared chagrined at her early return, and soon began to invent some justifying reasons for depriving her of life also. He finally concludes it would he unmerciful to leave her behind to languish out a life of misery and wretchedness, which must be the consequence of the surprising death of the rest of the family, and that since they had shared the frowns and smiles of fortune together, it would be cruelty to her, to be divided from them in death." that ; : Addison co. Weybridge is waby Otter Creek, which afLemonfair fords it good mill sites. tered waters Some parts of the town the town. are mountainous, but the soil is generally good the basis being limestone, it yields good crops, and pastures about 6,000 sheep. It lies 30 miles S. by E. from Burlington, and is bounded on the S. E. by Middlebury. Population, 1830, 850. : Weymoutli, Mass* Norfolk CO. This was the second settlement made by white men in New England. Mr. Thomas Weston, a respectable merchant of London, who had been active in promoting the interests of the Plymouth colonists, sent and 50 or 60 men 40 two ships colony year 1622. The to plant a at this place, in the Weymouth from a town in England, was however permanently settled by the Rev. William Morrill, Capt. Robert Georges and others, in the year 1624. The surface of the town is pleasantly diversified by hills and valSome of the elevations are leys. commanding, and present delightful views of Boston harbor, Massachusetts bay and the adjacent country. The soil is a strong gravelly loam, with a granitic super structure. This town was formerl)'^ noted particularly for its cheese of a superior richness and flavor; but little of which now made in consequence of is the increased value of the lands. Weymouth is finely watered by large and beautiful ponds, and by two important arms of Boston harbor, called Fore and Back rivers. These rivers are navigable for large vessels, and at their head are valuable mill privileges. Between these excellent for its Wcybridge, Vt. river, a sluggish stream, also fate of the colony was as unfortunate as the designs of Mr. Weston were philanthropic. By the unjust and wanton conduct of his agents towards the natives, the colony would have been totally destroyed, were it not for the timely assistance afforded it by a band of men from the Plymouth Colon}'-, commanded The colby the gallant Standish. ony was broken up, and Mr. Weston lost his life on the coast in atThis place, tempting to reach it. the Indian Wessagxisset, named rivers, daiine.«, and between the towns of and Hingham is a large Braintree tract swelling land of extending to Quincy, of gently good and soil, is united to "Quincy Point" by a bridge across Fore river. Over this ground the turnpike road between Quincy and Hingham passes. There are several pleasant villages in Weymouth, but the principal place of business in the town Landing," so is at " Weymouth �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. called, or Washin2;ton Square, at the head of Fore riv^er, on the line This place, being of Braintree. at the head of navigation for a large and flourishing section of counti-y, has long enjoyed, and must ever possess superior privileges as a place of trade. About 1,000 tons of shipping is owned here, employed in the fishery and domestic trade. At this place are a number of wharves, ware houses, a steam saw mill, and manufactures of various kinds. Ship building is carried on to some extent, and large quantities of lumber, flour, grain, lime, coal, wood, &c., are annually sold. Tliis village lies on the Ply- mouth and New Bedford roads, 11 miles S. by E. from Boston, 24 N. N. W. from Plymouth, 14 S. E. from Dedham,5 W. from Hingham, W. from Boston Light. south pai-t of the town is pleasantly situated on elevated ground, about 3 miles S. The from Washington Square. people here are extensively engaged in the manufacture of boots and and 9 S. S. The village at the shoes. Stages pass between these villages and Boston, daily and packets, for the transportation of merchandize, navigate the rivers about nine months in the year. The roads in this section of the ; country are remarkably fine, and many citizens of Boston make Wey- mo ith The summer residence. manufactures of the town are various, but those of leather, boots and shoes, are the most conThe annual amount of siderable. these manufactures varies from $.500,000 to $800,000. Weymouth was incorporated in IfiSo. Population, 1820, 2,404; 1830, 2,839 ; 1837, 3,3S7. This ancient town has been the birth place and residence of many men of great usefulness in society. Among the number, the name of CoTTOiv Tufts, M. D., M. M. S. S. their A. A. S., will long be re- membered as a revolutionary patriarch and skillful physician. "IVliately, Mass. Franklin co. This town lies on the west side of Connecticut river, 9 miles N. from Northampton, 11 S. from Greenfield, and 92 W. by N. from Boston. Incorporated in Population, in 1837, 1,140. 1771. There are some pine plains, and a part of Sugar Loaf mountain extends into the town from Deerfield still there are some tracts of good intervale land on the Connecticut, and smaller streams, by which it is watered. The number of sheep in Whately, in 1837, was 1,6.50 ; weight of wool, value, $2,862. There 4,9.53 lbs. are 3 woollen mills in the town, 3 tanneries, 3 distilleries, and manufactures of gimblets, augers, hammers, brooms, brushes, palm-leaf hats, boots, shoes, pocket-books, &c. Annual value, about $90,000. ; : Wlieelock, Vt. There is some Caledonia co. good land in this town, but a great it is mountainous or hilly, and fit only for the pasturage of sheep, of which about 3,000 are kept. The streams flow N. W. into and S. E. into the the Lamoille Passumpsic. This town was granted in 1785, part of ; to the charity College, school at and named Dartmouth in honor of John Wheelock, who was, at that of that institution. Wheelock lies 30 miles N. N. E. from Montpelier, and 9 N. from Population, 1830, 834. Danville. time, president Wlieel^vriglit's Pond, N. H. See Lee. ^yiiite River, Vt. This is the largest stream in the on the east side of the Green Mountains. It waters a basin of about 700 square miles, and traverses in its course from Kingston, ia state �; NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Addison county, about 60 miles. It others, and soon after settled by Populapasses through Hancock, Rochester, \Taj. Burns and others. and Pittstield, in Rutland county, tion, 1830, 685. and Stockbridge, Bethel, Royalton, AVliitcliead, 3Ie. and Sharon, in Windsor county, to Lincoln co. An Island off the its fall into the Connecticut at Hartford, about 5 miles above the mouth town of St. George, with a liaht White river and tower 30 feet in height. The of Queechy river. receives many large tributaries light bears about S. W. by S. 9 miles the most considerable of which are from Owl's Head. the three branches, so called, from the north ; and Broad brook and Locust creek from the south. This \Vliite Mountains, X. II. These mountains are situated in of Coos, in the north stream and its branches, afford a great hydraulic power; and large tracts of country are fertilized by It passes through a »ts waters. country of lofty mountains, deep ravines and fertile valleys ; the scenery of which is much enhanced by the devious course of this the county They extend part of the state. about 20 miles from S. "W. to N. E., and are the more elevated parts beautiful river. 20' WTiite Cap Mountain, Me. See Andover. IVIiitefteld, Me. Lincoln co. Sheepscot river passes through this town, giving it fertility, beauty, and a good water power. It lies 16 miles S. E. from Augusta, and 14 N. from WlscasPopulaIncorporated, 1809. set. tion, in 1837, 2,136. Wheat crop, same year, 3,637 bushels. Wliitefield, N. H. This is an irregular Coos CO. township, lying S. from Lancaster, W. from Jefferson, N. from Carroll and Bethlehem, and E. from Dalton. It is 120 miles N. from Concord. Its soil is generally thin and light, of easy cultivation and tolerably though in the N. part low good spruce swamps abound. In this town lie part of Blake's, Long, Round and Little river ponds, be; two other small ponds. The second of these is a beautiful pond of considerable size, abounding with John's river passes through fish. Whitefield was granted this town. Jul'' 4, 1774, to Josiah Moody and side of a ransce extending many miles Their base is in that direction. about 10 miles broad and their central latitude is W. The 44° 15' N., and 71° lono-itude. these mounDr. Belknap, An ancient travf^?. Agiocochnok. dition prevailed among the savages, that a deluge once overspread the land, and destroyed every human Indian name of tains, according; beinsT, except a single to powow and his wife, who sheltered themselves in these elevated regions, and thus preserved the nation. race The fancy from extermiof the natives peopled this mountain with beings of a superior rank, who were invisible to the human eye, but sometimes indicated their presence by tempests, which they were believed to control with absolute authoriThe savages therefore, never ty. attempted to ascend the summit, deemina; the attempt pei-ilous, and success impossible. But they frequented the defiles and environs of the mountain, and of cour^-e propagated many extravagant nescriptions of its appearance ; declaring, among other things equally credible, that they had seen carbun cles at immen-^e heiohts, which, in the darkness of night, shone with the most brilliant and dazzling splendor. President Alden states, that the �NEW ENGLAND White mountains were called by one of the eastern tribes Waunibekketmethna: Waumbekket signifies it'^i^e, and methna, mountains. GAZETTEER. by a pretty good path, cut purpose. The total distance from Boston to the base of Mount These Washington, is 171 miles. you pass are very pleasant routes through the capital of New Hampshire, a beautiful town ; you enjoy a great variety of delightful and romantic river and lake scenery, and are accommodated with good houses, on foot, for the : we Before attempt a description of these mountains, we shall endeavor to direct the traveller in his course, from the east, the south and the west, to this magnificent exhibition of Almighty power. gentlemanly landlords, skillful and obliging stagemen. Routes from Boston, through Concord, JV. H. the road rail Nashua, by to rail Travellers take Lowell, pass road, and then to by stage through Amoskeag to Concord, or take the Mammoth road at Lowell, through Manchester and Londonderry, or pass through Andover and Haverhill, Mass. The distance from Boston to Concord, by the Mammoth road, is 65 miles by Nashua, 72, and by the way of Haverhill, 70 miles. From Concord you pass to Meredith bridge, either by the Shaker village in Canterbury, 12 miles ; or Sanbornton bridge, 16 miles from Concord, The distance from Concord to MerFrom edith bridge is 26 miles. : Meredith l3ridge to Meredith vil- from thence to Centre Harbor, at the north western extremity of Winnepisiogee lake, Here you have a fair is 4 miles. view of the lake for 15 miles, and here you can be accommodated with a passage down the lake, to Alton, any day in the season of navFrom Centre Harbor to igation. Moultonborough is 5 miles, to Sandwich, 2, to Tamworth, 12 to Eaton, 6, to Conway, 8, to Bartlett, on the south east side of the mountains, 10 ; to the entrance of the Notch, 12 miles; and from thence to the " Crawford House," is 12 miles. The Crawford house is about 9 miles from the summit of Mount Wash- lage, is 9 miles ; ; About two thirds of this traveled by horses, procured at the accommodation house of Crawford the residue is traveled ington. distance is There is another route from Concord to these hills, by the way of Plymouth, through the Franconia Notch, that is very pleasant and frequently traveled. From Concord through Boscawen, FrankAndover, Hill, Bristol, and Bridgewater, to Plymouth, is 40 miles from thence, through Campton, Thornton, Peeling, Lincoln, to Littleton, through the Franconia Notch, is 40 miles. From Littleton to Crawford's, is 18 miles. Total distance from Boston, by this route, 163 miles. lin, ; From Plymouth to Littleton roads are remarkably good, the landscape delightful but scenery is not so beautiful as by ; the and the the Winnepisiogee, nor so magnificent as through the Notch of the White Mountains. The Portsmouth and Dover route, from Boston, is very pleasant you exchange the beautiful scenery along the Merrimack, for a visit to some of our most delightful Atlantic towns. On this route we pass through the principal towns of Sa- lem, Beverly, Ipswich, NewburyHampton, to Portsmouth, 56 miles from Boston. From thence we go to Dover, 12 miles, to Alton, at the southeastern extremity of Winnepisiogee lake, 28 miles; from thence up the lake, by steam boat, to Centre Harbor, 20 miles, and from thence, to Crawford's, at the base of Mount Washington, as by Total distance, the Concord route. by this route. 183 miles. port, �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. route, from Boston, by steam boat and stage, is another very pleasant way to reach You niouniainous region. this leave Boston in the evening, on board one of our beautiful, seaworthy steamers, and take an early The Portland breakfast, the next morning, at our friend Haskell's, at the " Elm House," in Portland. The distance from Boston to Portland is about 120 miles ; but distance, in this case, is After generally lost in sleep. breakfast you take the northern stage, and passing through Gorham and other towns, to Fryeburgh, you arrive at Conway, (the centre of all the eastern routes,) 57 miles from Portland, and find excellent accommodations for the night. The next day you have ample time to go to the Crawford house, and to prepare excursion the next for an aerial morning. The distance from Boston, in this way, is 211 miles. This the most expeditious route, and has the charms of both ocean and inland scenery. is The Connecticut River route, to the " Crystal Hills," is full of beauty in almost all its course. You leave Hartford and ascend one of the most delightful rivers in the world, to Littleton, N. H.,a disSome of this tance of 1S8 miles. distance may be travelled by water, but the most agreeable mode of travelling is by land, on either As you pass side of the river. the principal towns of Springfield, Northampton, Deerfield, Green- Walpole, WindHanover, Norwich, Haverhill and Newbury, you are charmed with all the varieties of scenery, field, Brattleboro', sor, which elevated mountains, placid and rapid waters, a wide, luxuriant and densely populated alluvial basin can yield. The distance from Littleton through Bethlehem to Craw18 miles. Total disford's tance from Hartford, by this route, House 206 miles. 40* is Tlie Hudson River Route. Ex- these mountains from New York by the Hudson river. Lake Champlain, and back by the way of Boston or Hartford, affords cursions to our southern and western friends a rich repast of New York and New England scenery. The distances on the Hudson from New York to Troy are given under Long Island Sound. famed Minand Saraby the rail The distance to the former and to the latter 32 miles. From Troy to the far eral Springs, at Ballston toga, is a pleasant ride, road. is 2.5, distance from Albany to Saratoga Springs, by the way of Schenectady, is 36 miles. The waters of these springs have long been justly celebrated for their medicinal and exhilarating quali- The and a vast number from all ; parts of the United States, and even from foreign countries, resort to them, either for health, or to join ties the gay and fashionable throng who hold an annual festival around these hygeian fountains. The accommodations at these entertainment of strangers, are of the first order: no expense seems to be spared to render them acceptable to their villages, for the numerous visitants. These springs are numerous, but generally contain the same fubstances, only in a greater or less The most celebrated of quantity. them is the Congress, at Saratoga, which has given, in analysis, 471,5 grains muriate of soda; 178,4 3-4 16,5 carbonate carbonate of lime 3,3 1-2 carbonate of magof soda nesia, and 6,1 3-4 carbonate of iron, ; ; one gallon of water: carbonic Temacid gas, 343 cubic inches. perature through the year, 50° of to Farenheit. A few miles east from Saratoga village is Fish Creek, memorable as the scene of the surrender of Burgoyne's army, of 5,791 men, �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. to the Americans, under General Gates, October 17, 1777. From Troy to Whitehall, N. Y., is 70 miles by stage, and 72 by the Champlain canal. In this distance we pass Beniis' Heights, and forts Miller, Edward, and Anne ; important stations during the revolutionary war. JVhitehall is at the southern extremity of lake Champlain, and at the junction of the canal with the lake. This place is an important location for trade on Lake Chainplain, and of an extensive tract of country. The lake is navigable here for all classes of lake vessels and from this place steam boats ply along the shores of this beautiful lake to St. Johns in Lower Canada. This is a pleasant and flourishing town, and a great thoroughfare for travelers in the season of navigation. It is situated in the county of Washington, and contains a population of about 3,500. About a dozen miles west from Whitehall lays Lake George, celebrated for the purity of its waters, ; its enchanting island and mountain scenery, its salmon trout, and above all, for its history, as connected with the memory of our fathers in their glorious struggle for liberty. This lake is about 35 miles in length, and averages about 2 miles in breadth. It discharges its waters into Lake Champlain, near the ruins of Ticonderoga, by an outlet of 3 miles in length ; in which distance the fall is about 150 feet. On some of the islands in this lake, crystals of quartz are found of uncommon transparency and perfection of form. Rogers^ Rock, is on the west side of the lake, near the outlet. It rises abruptly between 300 and 400 feet. It received its name from a Major Rogers, who, to elude his Indian pursuers, deceived them by asscending the rock, throwing his pack into the lake, and changing his snow shoes heels foremost thus inducing them to believe tha he had leaped into the lake. This is indeed one of the most beautiful and romantic sheets of water in the world. From Whitehall to Burlington, On this Vermont, is 70 miles. route we pass the memorable fortresses of Ticonderoga and Crown Point; Mount Independence, and a great number of beautiful towns which skirt the lake on each side. Opposite to Charlotte, Vermont, 11 miles S. from Burlington, in the town of Essex, N. ¥., is Sj)lit Rock, a great natural curiosity. Tiiis rock projects into the lake 150 The separated from feet: it contains about half an acre, and is covered with trees. The height of the rock, on each side of the opening, is about 20 feet ; and appears to have been rent asunder by some great convulsion. From the beautiful town of Burlington we cross the mountains to Montpelier, situated in a delightful valley amid the hills. The distance is 38 miles. On this route we tra/el along the romantic banks of the Winooski ; we listen to the rushing of its waters down its mountain course ; view its foaming cataracts, and stop to admire the wonderful Assures and fantastic mechanism, which, in the course of ages, that stream has wrought, by its ceaseless current, amid these adamantine feet. the point is main rock about 20 hills. From Montpelier we pass to Connecticut river, and Littleton, N. H,, a distance of 40 miles, and from Littleton to the base of Mount Washington, a distance of IS miles. By this route from the city of York, the distance is 386 miles from that city by the way of Stonington, Providence, and the nearest route from Boston, the disThis route tance is 383 miles. may be varied so as to enjoy the beauties of Winnepisiogee lake, by leaving Troy, 150 miles, for New : �: NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Bennington, 30 miles, 180 ; Brat- tleborough, 40—220; Keene,20— 240 Concord, 55—295 to the base ; ; of the mountains, tance, 401 miles. 106 ; total dis- These mountains are the highest New England and, if we except the Rocky mountains, whose height has not been ascertained, they are the most lofty of any in the United in ; Their great elevation has always rendered them exceedingStates. ly interesting both to the aboriginal inhabitants and to our ancesThey were visited by Neal, tors. Jocelyn, and Field as early as 1632 they gave romantic accounts of their adventures, and of the extent and sublimity of the mountains. : They called them Hills. the Crystal Since that time this mountainous region has been repeatedly explored by hunters and men of science. Their height has been a subject of much speculation ; but from the best surveys, Mount Washington the is 6,234 feet above the level of The following is the height sea. of the principal mountains above Connecticut river at Lancaster, to Jefferson of Washington. situated between these two. Madison is the eastern peak of Monroe is the first to the range. north is the south of Washington. Franklin is known by is the second south and LaFayette is level surface. its known by its conical shape, and being the third south of Washington. The ascent to the summits of these mountains, though fatiguing, is not dangerous ; and the visitant is richly rewarded for his labor and curiIn passing from the Notch osity. travelto the highest summit, the the summits of Mounts La Fayette, Franklin and Monroe. ler crosses he must pass and cross several These are neither wide ravines. nor deep, nor are they discovered at In accomplishing through a great distance a wit Adams, «« Jefferson, <« Madison, - " Monroe, - - 5,850 feet. 5,383 5,281 5,039 4,932 4,470 4,339 Franklin, «« La Fayette, Although these mountains are 65 miles distant from the ocean, their << snow white summits are distinctly good weather, more than Their ap50 miles from shore. pearance at that distance is that of a silvery cloml skirting the horizon. The names here given are those visible, in ; for the trees fill them up exactly even with the mountain on each side, and their branches interlock with each other in such a manner, that it is very difficult to pass through them, and they are so stiff and thick as almost Mount to support a man's weight. La Fayette is easily ascended. Its extent of 5 or 6 acres, and gradually slopes away in every direction from its It even has a verdant apcentre. pearance, as it is every where covered with short grass, which grows in little tufts to the height of four Among these tufts, or five inches. top, to the is Mount Washington, this, forest, smooth, mountain flowers are thinly scattered, which add life and beauty to summit eye is The prospect from this to the N. the dazzled with the splendor of the scene. is beautiful : Mount Washington; N. W. are seen the settlements in Jefferson; W. the courses of the Amonoosuck, S. as though delineated on a map Moosehillock and Haystack appropriated to the differ- W. the generally S. Chocorua peak ; are discovered ent summits. Mount Washington the settlements and mounelevation, S. E. is known by its superior tains in Bartlett; E. only dark and by its being the southern of Mount mountains and forests. On descendthe three highest peaks. a small patch of by its sharp termi- ing this mountain, Adams is known water is found at its base ; from nating peak, and being the second : ; �NEW ENGLAND which the ascent is gradual to the summit of Mount Franklin. After crossing this mountain, you pass over the east pinnacle of Mount Monroe, and soon find yourself on a plain of some extent, at the foot of Mount Washington. Here is a fine resting-place, on the margin of a heautiful sheet of water, of an oval form, covering about 3-4 of an acre. The waters are pleasant to the taste, and deep. Not a living creature is to be seen in the waters, at this height on the hills nor do vegetables of any kind grow in or around them, to obscure the clear rocky or gravelly bottom on which they rest. small spring discharges itself into this pond at its southeast angle. Another pond, of about 2-3 its size, lies N. W. of this. Directly before you, the pinnacle of Mount Washington rises with majestic grandeur, like an immense pyramid, or some vast Kremlin in this magnificent city of niountains. The pinnacle is elevated about 1,500 feet a!)0ve the plain, and is composed principally of liuge rocks of granite and gneiss piled together, presenting a variety of colors and forms. In ascending, you must pass enormous masses of loose stones but a walk of half an hour will generally carry 5^ou to the summit. The view from this point is wonderfully grand and picturesque. Innumerable mountains, lakes, ponds, rivers, towns and villages meet the delighted eye, and the dim Atlantic stretches its waters along the eastern horizon. To the N. is seen the lofty summits of Adams and Jefferson and to the east a little detached from the range stands Mount Madison. ISIount Washington is supported on the N, by a high ridge, which extends to Mount Jefferson ; on the N. E. by a large grassy plain, terminating in a vast spur extending far away in that direction E. ; A GAZETTEER. and S. E. by a grassy plain, in summer, of more than 40 acres. At the southeastern extremity of this plain, a ridge commences, which slopes gi-acefully away towards the vale of the Saco; upon which at short distances from each other, arise rocks, resembling, in some places, towers; in others, representing the various orders of architecture. It would be vain in us to attempt wonders which here astonish and delight the a description of the varied To beholder. those who have vis- mountains, our descriptions would be tame and uninteresting and he who has never ascended their hoary summits, cannot realize the extent and magnificence of the scene. These mountains are decidedly of primitive ited these ; formation. Nothing of volcanic origin has ever yet been discovered on the most diligent research. They have for ages, probably, exhibited the same unvarying aspect. No minerals are here found of much rarity or value. The rock which most abounds, is schistus, intermixed with greenstone, mica, granite and gneiss. The three highest peaks are composed entirely ot fragments of rocks heaped together in confusion, but pretty firmly fixed in their situations. These rocks are an intermediate substance between gneiss and micaceous schistus ; tliey are excessively rough and coarse, and grey, almost black, with lichens. The mica in them is abundant, of different colors, red, black, and limpid, and though sometimes several inches in diameter, yet most often irregularly stratified. The granite contains emerald, tourmaline, of which are found some beautiful specimens, and garnets, besides its proper constituents. Crystals of quartz, pyrites, actinote, jasper, porphyry, fluate of lime, and magnetic iron ore, are someby a promontory, which breaks off times obtained. abruptly at St. Anthony's Nose ; S. During 9 or 10 months of the ; ; ; �NEW ENGLAND year, the summits of the mountains are covered with snow and ice, giving them a bright and dazzling appearance. On every side are long and winding gulleys, deepening in their descent to the plains below. Here some of the iinest rivers of New England originate. Saco flows from the east side the branches of of the mountains the Androscoggin from the north the Amonoosuck and other tributaries of the Connecticut from the west and the Pemigewasset from the south, its fountain being near The ; ; ; The sides of the that of the Saco. hills are in many parts covered with soil ; but this is very superficial in all cases, and every spot, that can be reached by running water, is left destitute of every thing but rocks and pebbles, of v,^hich likewise the river bottoms are excluIn these cold sively composed. and elevated regions, the period for the growth of vegetables is extremely brief; the mourtains must be forever sterile. T.-oss and lichens may be found near the summits, but of meagre and scanty growth looking as if they had wandered from their proper zone helow, into these realms of barren — desolation. visit of GAZETTEER. went thither about the end of month," (August.) They set out, probably, a few days after the return of Field, dazzled by visions of diamonds and other precious minerals, with which the fancy of this man had garnished his story. " They went up Saco river in birch canoes, and that way they found it 90 miles to Pegwagget, an Indian town, but by land it is but 60. Upon Saco river they found many ince, this thousand acres of rich meadow, but are 10 falls which hinder From the Indian town boats, &c. they went up hill (for the most part) about 30 miles in woody lands, then they went about 7 or 8 miles upon shattered rocks, without tree or grass, very steep all the way. At the top is a plain about 3 or 4 there miles over, all shattered stones, and upon that is another rock or spire about a mile in height, and about an acre of ground at the top. the top of the plain arise 4 great each of them so much water at the first issue as would drive At rivers, Connecticut river from two the N. W. and S. W., which join in one about 60 miles Amoff; Saco river on the S. E. ascoggin, which runs into Casco and the Kenbay, at the N. E. a mill heads : at ; ; The nebeck at the N. by E. or described by Winthrop, mountain runs east and west 30 Mountains, 40 miles, but the peak is above all It was peris worthy of notice. went and returned formed in the month of August, the rest. They company with in 15 days." This description of 1642, by him in probably comThomas Gorges the deputy-gover- the mountains was to Gov. Field, who v.'as liv- municated by Mr. Vines Darby nor. Winthrop. It conveys a very accuing at Exeter,1639, has the credit idea of them, as they now of 'being the first traveller to these rate also is strike the traveller. His journey mountains. described by Winthrop, who says it The JVotchof the WJiite Mounwas performed in the year 1632. tains, is a phrase appropriated to a He appears to have returned by " The report he very narrow defile, extending two the way of Saco. between two huge brought," says Winthrop, " of shin- miles in length A Mr. Vines to the White ing stones, &c. caused divers others to travel thither, but they found Mr. nothing worth their pains. Gorges and Mr. Vines, two of the magistrates of Sir F. Gorges' prov- cliffs apparently rent some vast convulsion asunder by of nature : probably that of the deluge. The entrance of the chasm on the east side, is formed by two rocks stand- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. ing perpendicular at the distance of 22 feet from each other: one about 20 feet in height, the other about 12. The road from Lancaster to Portland passes through this notch, following the course of the head stream of the Saco. The scenery at this place is exceedingly beautiful and grand. The mountain, otherwise a continued range, is here cloven quite down to its base, opening a passage for the waters of the Saco. The gap is so narrow, that space has with difficulty been found for the road. About half a mile from the entrance of the chasm is seen a most beautiful cascade, issuing from a mountain on the right, about 800 feet above the subjacent valley, and about 2 miles distant. The stream passes over a series of rocks almost perpendicular, with a course so little broken as to preserve the appearance of a uniform current, and yet so far disturbed as to be perfectly white. This beautiful stream, which passes down a stupendous precipice, is called by Dwight, the Silver Cascade. It is pi-obably one of the most beautiful in the world. At the distance of 3-4 of a mile from the entrance of the chasm is a brook, called the Flume, which falls from a height of 240 or 250 feet over three precipices down the two first in a single current, and over the last in three, which unite again at the bottom in a small basin formed by the hand of nature in the rocks. The water is pure and transparent, and it would be impossible for a brook of its size to be modelled into more diversified or delightful forms. It is by no means strange that the unlettered Indian fancied these regions to be the abodes of celestial beings while the scholar, without a stretch of fancy, in calling to mind the mythology of Greece, might find here a fit place for the assemblies and sports of the Dry- — ; ads, Naiads and Oreades. Avalanches or On mountains. slides from the the 28th of Au- gust, 1S2G, there occurred one of the most remarkable floods ever known in this mountainous region and which was attended by the awful calamity of the destruction of a whole family, by an Avalanche or slide from the mountains. These Avalanches, as they are termed in Switzerland, are produced by heavy rains they commence generally near the highest limits of vegetation on the mountains, which, on some of them, is near their summits the slides widening and deepening in their downward : ; course, carrying along all the tiees, shrubbery, loose rocks and earth from their granite foundation. At tbis time there were probably thousands of acres reft from the sides of the mountains and carried to the valley in the Notch below. The house inhabited by Capt. Samuel Willey and his family, stood on the w^esterly side of the road, in the Notch, and a few rods distant fiom the high bluff which rises with fearful rapidity to the height of 2,000 feet. Adjoining was a barn and woodhouse in front, was a beautiful little meadow covered with crops, and the Saco passed along at the foot of the easterly pre; cipice. Nearly range of the house, the extreme point of the westerly hill came down in a deep and horrible mass to within about five rods of the dwelling, where its course appears to have been checked by a large block of granite, which, falling on a flat surface, backed the rolling mass for a moment, until it separated into two streams, one of which rushed down by the north end of the house, crushing the barn, and spreading itself over the meadow ; the other passing down on the south side, and swallowing up the unfortunate beings, who probably attempted to fly to a shelter, which, it is said. in a slide from �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER a few rods disThis shelter, whatever it might have been, was completely had been erected tant. rocks weighing 10 50 tons being scattered about the place, and indeed in every direction, rendering escape utterly imThe house remained unpossible. touched, though large stones and trunks of trees made fearful approaches to its walls, and the moving mass, which separated behind the building, again united in its The house alone could front! have been their refuge from the horrible uproar around, the only spot untouched by the crumbling and consuming power of the storm. The family consisted of 9 persons Capt. Willey, his wife, 5 children, and two men by the names of Nickerson and Allen. overwhelmed : to ; Travelers visiting this section of country, in autumn, will be gratified with the rich and varied beauties of Autumnal foliage, common in this country, but more particularly so and which is thus at the north described by Dr. Dwight. " The bosom of both ranges of mountains was overspread, in all the changed from their verdure towards the perfection of that color, which they are capable of ultimately assuming, through yellow, orange, and red, to a pretty deep brown. As the frosts at!ects different trees, and the different leaves of the same tree, in very different degrees ; a vast multitude of tinctures are commonly found on those of a single tree, and always on These those of a grove or forest. frost also, in all their varieties are generally full; and in many instances are among the most exquisite, which are found in the regions Different sorts of trees of nature. different deare susceptible of colors, grees of this beauty. Among them the maple is preeminently distinguished by the prodigious varieties, the finish, beauty, and the intense lustre, of its hues; varying through all the dyes, between a rich green and the most perfect crimson ; or more definitely, the red of the prismatic image." Wlxitiiig, Me. ; inferior regions, by a mixture of evergreens, with trees, whose leaves The annual foliage are deciduous. had been already changed by the frosts. Of the effects of this Washington change perhaps, impossible for an inhabitant of Great Britain, as I have been assured by several foreigners, adequate conception, to form an without visiting an American forWhen I was a youth, I reest. co. This town lies the head of Machias bay, and is watered by several ponds and a It lies 152 miles good mill stream. E. N. E. from Augusta, and 6 N. Incorporated, E. from M.ichias. Population, 1S37, 462. 1825. at Whiting, Vt. it is, Thompson had entirely oaiitted, in his seasons, this line Upon part of autumnal imagery. enquiring of an English gentlemiin, the probable cause of the omission, he informed ine, that no such scenery existed in Great Britain. In this country it is often nmong the most All splendid beauties of nature. the leaves of trees, which are not mar'.v'^d, that evergreens, are by the first severe W^hiting lies 40 Addison co. miles S. W. from Montpelier, and It is 10 S. from Middlebury. washed on the eastern border by Otter Creek, but is without anyvaluable mill stream. This is a fine farming town the soil is composed partly of marl, and affords excellent crops of grain and hay about 7,000 sheep are kept here. Some years since fish were introduced fi-om the lake, to Otter : : Creek, at this place, and have been found to multiply exceedingly. Whiting It \va- first settled in 1772. was named in honor of John �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Whiting of Wrentham, ulation, 1830, 653. Mass. Pop- ^^Iiitingliam, Vt» Windham Deerfield river passes through this town and forms considerable tracts of valuable intervale. The surface of the uplands is diversified with a good soil for sheep, of which many are co. ; kept. weight of 2,292 fleeces of wool, sheared in this town in 1837, was 6,110 pounds, valued at $3,669. ers, the There are some manufactures in the town of boots, shoes, leather, straw bonnets, palm-leaf hats, wagon?, &.C. The " Wesle3^an Academy," in Wilbraham,is an institution of great value, and in high reputation. It has considerable funds, and about 240 scholars attend throughout the Scholars are received at this year. seminary from ten years of age Sawdawga pond, in Whitingham, rather a cuiiosity. It is a handsome sheet of water, covering about 500 acres. For many years and upwards. The annual cost to past earth has been forming over a scholar, for board and tuition, is its surface, and from 75 to 100 acres from $80 to $90. This institution of land now rise and fall with the Vv^as incorporated in 1S24, and is waters of the pond. governed by a board of trustees. Among the first settlers of VerGreat excitement existed in this mont, many remarkable instances of quiet town and vicinity by the longevity and fecundity are found. murder of Marcus Lyon, on the Mr. Pike had 28 children 19 9th of November, 1805. The murof whom were living a few j'ears der was committed by two foreignsince ; the youngest aged 25 years. ers, Halliganand Daley, who were Mr. Benjamin Cook died in this hanged at Northampton on the 5th town, a few years since, aged 106 of June, 1806. He had followed the busiyears. V/ilbraham lies 80 miles W. S. ness of shoemaking through life. W. from Boston, and 10 E. from He celebrated his hundredth birth Springfield. It was incorporated day by making a pair of shoes, in 1653. Population, 1837, 1,802. without the use of spectacles. "Wiliiains' Rivers. is A ; Whitingham was first settled in 17 miles W. by S. from Brattleborough, and 18 E. S. E. from Bennington. Population, 1830, 1,477. 1773. It lies Wickford Village, R. I. See JVorth Kingston. Wilbraham, Mass. Hampden co. Tlie people of pleasant town are principally employed in agricultural pursuits, and are remarkable for equality of property. This town is watered by the Chickopee and several of its small tributaries. The surface is this agreeably diversified by hills and valleys, and the soil is well adapted to agricultural and horticultural pursuits. The products of Wil- braham are numerous ; among oth- Williams' river, in Vermont, is formed in Chester by the union of three considerable branches, which originate in small streams in the townships of Ludlow, Andover, Windham, and Grafton. These three branches unite about a mile and a half to the southeast of the two villages in Chester, and their united waters, after running 15 miles in a southeasterly direction, into Connecticut river in Rockingham, three miles above Bellows' Falls. Along this stream is some fine intervale, and it afibrds several good mill privileges. Williams' fall its name from the celebrated Rev. John Williams, who was taken by the Indians at Deerfield, Mass., in 1704. and who. at the mouth of this stream, preach- river derives �— ; NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. ed a sermon Williams' his fellow captives. to river, Massachu- in See West Stockbi'idge. setts. Williainsbiirgli, Me. off and called Barnard: the first to fact this the editor when pages of this edition were printed. The lands in Williamsburgh and Barnard are undulating;, heavily wooded, with a fertile The soil. population of Williamshurgh, 1837, was 120. in Williamsburgh and Barnard are present but thinly settled ; at but in consequence of a vast body of slate for rooting houses and other purposes being found within their limits, the lands within these towns must enhance in value and increase in population. These are quarries common to both towns; they lie at an elevation of from 150 to 200 feet above Pleasant river, a branch of the Penobscot, which passes their northern and eastern borders, about two miles distant. These quarries are inexhaustible and are stated to be fully equal to the celebrated Welsh They are situated 40 miles slate. in quantity, the Bangor and Piscataquis rail road, now and in proin operation to Orono gress from Orono to tliese quarries, the Bangor of the new world seems likely to become as celebrated for its tine slate as the Bangor of the N. from Bangor; and, by ; See Barnard. old. ^Villiamsl>iirgli, Mass. Hampshire co. The suiface of this town is elevated and uneven but , and has a warm and fei-tile soil. It is watered by a good stream which meets the Connecticut at Northampton. It lies 8 miles N. W. from Northampton, and 100 W. from Boston. Incorporated in it is pleasant, 1771. Population, 1837, 1,345. 41 ot the town punches, bitts and bitt and japan buttons, stocking yarn, and lather boxes annual value, about ^200,000. The value of buttons, manufactured the year ending April 1, 1837, was $102,500. In 1837, there were 2,815 sheep sheared in this town, whose fleeces weighed 8,362 pounds, and sold for augers, This town was Piscataquis co. In 1834 the incorporated in 1S20. easterly part of the town was set was unknown The manufactures consist of woolen cloth, (3 mills,) boots, shoes, leather, hats, iron casting!?, axes, gimlets, screw drivers, stocks, flexible 5,017. ^Villianistowii, Vt. Orange co. This town lies on the height of land between Onion and White rivers; 10 miles S. E. from IMonipelier, and about the same disFii^t tance N. Vv'. from Chelsea. Population, 1830, settled, 1784. This mountain town pro1,487. duces good crops of grain and hay. It pastures about 7,500 sheep. The " Gulf Road," so called, between Royalton and Montpelier, This passes through this town. mountain pass is some miles in length, wild and picturesque. The mountains on each side of the gulf are very high, and the sides are so steep as to leave only a narrow passage for the turnpike, and a o-urgling branch of White river on the south side, and of a branch of Onion river on the north. Williamstown, Mass. Berkshire co. This town ated in a large and is situ- valley, romantic elevations, fertile surrounded by and watered by lioosack and Green These beautiful streams rivers. unite their hydraulic powers and fertilizing qualities, to render this remote valley a scene of competence and peace, and a delightful retreat for the muses. Williamstown lies at the N. W. corner of the state, on the lines of Vermont and New York 135 miles W, by N. from Boston, 27 N. fiom ; �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Lenox, and 36 E. by N. fi'om Albany, N. Y. It was incorporated Population, 1837, 1,981. in 1765. There are 1 cotton and 2 woolen mills in the town, and manufactures of potatoe starch, cabinet ware, chairs, palm-leaf hats, shovels, hats, leather, &c. annual value about : $75,000. streams give Willington some exmill pi-ivileges, some of which are profitably improved. There are about 2,500 sheep in the cellent The number of sheep in this flourishing agricultural town, in the year 1837, was 8,000 viz: 2,000 Saxony, 5,800 Merino, and 200 common. The fleeces of these — sheep er Wolcott, Esq. and others, for in the year 1720. It is about 7 miles in length, and 4^ in width There is an abundance of granite in the town, and good ii-on ore. The surface is uneven and the soil hard. The Wiilimantic and other £510, weighed sold for $13,965. The village in 23,200 lbs., town. Population, in 1830, 1,305. 24 miles N. E. from Hartford, and bounded W. by Tolland. It is and town is delightfully situated on a gentle rise from the river. The buildings are generally tastefully constructed and command a great variety of superb scenery. This town contains a tepid spring, of some repute in cutaneous diseases. this Williams College, in this town, IS handsomely located. It derived its name from Col. Ephraim Williams, a native of Newton, anJ a distinguished benefactor of Williamstown. Col. Williams was a man of talents, brave, witty, polite and popular. He commanded the line of forts on the west side of Connecticut river, in the French and Indian wars from 1740 to 1748. In 1755, he received the command of a regiment, and joined general Johnson. He fell at the head of 1,200 men, near lake George, on the 8th of September of that year. Col. Williams, being a bachelor, gave the most of his estate for the establishment of a free grammar school at this place. The school went into operation in 1791, and in 17,93 the legislature vested it with college privileges. See Register. l¥illiitiantic Miver, Ct. Also Village, see Windham. Wiliiiigton, Ct. Tolland CO. This town was sold by the Connecticut colonj. to Rog- "^Villistoii, Chittenden Vt. This co. an ex- is town of a rich soil, with an uneven surface, but not cellent farming mountainous. It is very produc- tive of all the varieties common to a northern climate its product of wool, in 1837, was 9,225 fleeces. : Williston is watered by Onion river, and some smaller streams but its water power is small. It is 27 miles W. N. W. from ?>Iontpelier, and is bounded on the W., by Burlington. ; Population, 1830, 1,608. Thomas Chittenden was the town. He came here in 1774. He was a member of the fatiier of this convention, which, in 1777, declared Vermont an independent state, and was active in procuring its admission into the Union. When the Vermont Constitution was established, in 1778, Mr. Chittenden was selected as a candidate for governor to which office he was annually elected, with the exception of one year, till his death in 1797. He was 67 years of age. ; Wilmington, Vt. Windham co. The east and west branches of Deeriield river unite in this town, which, with the waters of Beaver and Cold brooks, and of Ray's pond, a large and beautiful sheet of water; a valuable mill There are power is produced. some fine tracts of lard in the town, and a considerable portion that is �— NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. rough and hard to till. There are a number of mills of various kinds in the town, and a pleasant and thriving village. Wilmington was settled before the revolutionary war, but increas- ed but slowly until the peace. It lies 46 miles S. S. W. from Windsor, 14 S. W. from Newfane, and 17 E. from Bennington, Population, 1830, 1,367. Wilmington, Mass. Middlesex co. The surface this town is of generally level, with a The wood is light and sandy soil. chiefly pine, and much charcoal is made. This kind of soil, although unfit for the generality of crops, is well adapted for the growth of hops, of which large quantities, of a tine quality, are produced in Wilmington, and which frequently afford the cultivator a large profit. of 32 years, inclusive, there were During the period 1806— 1S37, inspected at Charlestown, Mass. 76,860 bags of hops, weighing 16,167,182 lbs. The price varied from 34 to 5 cents a pound. The highest price was in 1817, the low1-5 est, in 1819 ; average price, 13 Total value, $2,169,430. cents. The town is watered by a branch the Middlesex of Ipswich river canal passes through it, and adds much to the beauty of its scenery. Wilmington was incorporated in 1730. It is 14 miles N. N. AV.from Boston, and 10 S. E. by E. from Lowell. Population, 1837, 795. : ^Vilmot, K. H. Merrimack co. Wilrnot is 30 miles N. W. from Concord, and 87 from Boston. The streams forming Blackwater river have their origin in the vicinity of Wilrnot. They afford a number of good mill The 4th N. H. turnpike seats. from Concord to Hanover passes through this town. It was made in 1803, through an entire forest, without any inhabitants for 14 miles and about 6 miles below The land near the turnbut pike appears rude and barren the acclivities on either side are above, Wiimot. ; of susceptible town leys, cultivation. The composed of hills and valpresenting a rough surface. is no large collections of mountains, excepting Kearsarge, whose summit forms the It was incorsouthern boundary. There are w^ater, nor any It receivporated June IS, 1807. ed its name in honor of Dr. Wiimot, an Englishman, who, at one time, was supposed to be the author of the celebrated letters of Junius. Population, 1830, 835. "Wilson, Me. This town was incorporated in 1836, as " township number 9 in the 9th range, north of the Waldo Patent in the county of Somerset." We repeat, that but very little information respecting a town is gained from its act of incorporation. We to beg our friends " Down East" write to us. W^ilton, Me. Franklin co. This is one of the most flourishing agricultural townIt has a fertile ships in the state. soil, a beautiful surface, and two It lies a little pleasant villages. distance from Sandy river, 5 or 6 miles S. W. from Farmington, and 38 W. N. W. from Augusta. Wilton has an adequate water power for common purposes, produced by streams issuing from The beautiful ponds in the town. people are principally agriculturalists, and tested their skill in that delightful pursuit, in 1837, by producing 11,071 bushels of good clean wheat. Wilton was incorporated Population, in 1830, in 1803. 1,140; 1837, 2,102. AVilton, N. H. This town is by Mason, and W. by Hillsborough co. bounded S. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Temple. It is 9 miles W. by S. from Amherst and .37 S. by W. from Concord. Souhegan is the principal river. Its main branch enters this town near the S. W. corner and proceeds in a N. E. course till it forms a junction with several branches running from Lyndeborovgh and Temple. These flow through the N. part, and are sufficiently has sprung up within a few years. This town has neither mountains, ponds or swamps. It is in general of strong and excellent soil. Good clay is found in plenty near the streams. There are several quarries of excellent stone for splitting and hewing. The first settlement was made 1733, by 3 families Mass., 2 by the name of Putnam, and 1 by the name of Dale. Hannah, the daughter of Ephraim Putnam, was the first child born in town. The town was incorporated June 25, 1762, and derived its name from Wilton, an ancient borough in Wiltshire, England. distressing accident occurred in raising the second meeting house, September 7, 1773. The frame fell, and three men were instantly killed two died of their wounds soon afterward, and a number of others were badly injured. On July 20, 1804, the same meeting house was struck by lightning and considerably shattered. Population, 1830, 1,039. in Danvers, A ; Wilton, Fairfield co. Ct. Wilton was taken from the north part of Norwalk, in 1802. The surface of the town is broken by two ridges of hills, but the soil is a gravelly loam and productive of grain and a great variety of fruit. Agriculture is the principal business of the inhabitants. The town is watered by Norwalk and has a satinet factory and other mechanical operations by river, ered and worked in this town during the revolutionary war. Wilton lies 34 miles W. S. W. from New Haven, and 6 N. from Norwalk. Population, 1330, 2,095. large for mill streams. On these streams are some valuable manu factures, and a pleasant village from A water. classical school, of hioh reputation, was established here "in 1818, by Hawley Olmstead, Esq. This school is worth a million of' the silver mines that were discov- \¥iiiclieiidoii, Worcester Mass. This town was It is 60 miles N. W. by W. from Boston, and 34 N. N. W. from Worcester. Population, 1830, 1,463; 1837,1,802. co. incorporated in 1764. The surface of the town is uneven and rocky, with a strong soil, which, when subdued, is quite productive of grain, grass and fruit trees. There are fine quarries of granite and a spi-ing tinctured ; with iron and sulphur, but which is less visited tlian formerly. Miller's river rises in this town and in the town Ashburnham, and affords convenient mill seats. There are 2 pleasant villages in the town, a cotton mill, a woolen mill, and manufactures of cotton and wool bobbins, leather, palm-leaf hats, chairs, cabinet and wooden wares annual : value, exclusive about $100,000. of cotton goods, Tinder Warner, N. H., we gave an account of a frightful tornado in that and the neighboring towns in 1821. It appears that this part of the country was visited by a similar desolation, at the same time, more than 40 miles distant. Worcester paper thus describes it " About 6 o'clock, Sunday evening, September 9th, a black and terrific cloud appeared a little south of the centre of Northfield, Franklin county, nearly in the form of a pjM-amid reversed, moving very rapidly and with a terrible noise. In its progress it swept away or prostrated all the trees, fences, stone walls, and buildings which came with- A �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. vortex, which in some places not more than 20 rods and in others 40 or 50. It passed from in its was Northfteld Orange, to through Warwick and the southwesterly part of Royalston, where its force was broken by Tully Mountain. Its path was strewed for the distance of 25 miles, through the towns of Royalston, Winchendon, Ashburnham and Fitchburg, with fragments of buildings, sheaves of grain, bundles of corn stalks, clothing, &.c. " Several persons were killed and wounded, numerous houses, barns, &c. deinoiished, and many domestic animals, in the track of the Large tornado, were destroyed. trees were taken 200 feet into the air, and logs which would require 4 oxen to remove them were swept out of the bed of Tully river where they had lain for more than half a ccnturj\ The ground was torn up from the river to the mountain, about 40 rods, from 1 foot to 6 feet The surface of the earth deep. was broken throughout the whole course of the whirlwind, as with the ploughshare of destruction. Stones of many hundred pounds weight, were rolled fro;n their beds. Lots of wood were whirled into promiscuous heaps, with roots and The aptops, and top? and roots. pearance presented by the track of the u'hirlwind, indicated, as near as the writer can judge from actual inspection, that the form of the cloud, and the body of air in motion, was that of an inverted pyratnid, drawing whatever came within its influence towards the centre of motion." Wiiiclie^ter, N. H. This pleasant town N. by Swanzey and Cheiteriield, E. by Riclituond, V*'. by Hinsdale, and S. by Massachuis Cheshire bounded setts line. co. It lies 1'^ miles S. W. from Keene, 65 S. W. from Concord, 80 \V. from Boston, SON. from Hartford, Ct., and 12 E. from Brat- 41* tlebo', Vt. Population, 1837, 2,500. Tlie face of this town is diversified with hills and valleys. The soil is of an excellent quality, furnishing in abundance, all the agricultural products natural to this section of the country. Ashuelot river passes through the centre of this town, affording a number of mill privileges, and is bordered on each bank by extensive intervales, of a fertility rarely excelled. There are other small streams running in various directions through the town, affording facilities for water power. The centre village is on the S. E. bank of the Ashuelot, and the principal street, running parallel with its border, has a number of dwelling houses, with stores and shops, 3 meetinghouses, an elegant district school house, saw and grist mills, shops for turning wood and iron, an extensive establishment for the manufacture of musical instruments of all kinds, and 2 organ manufactories; and, at the lower end, the street is adorned with a beautiful row of native ever-green trees, which extends nearly half a mile. Two miles west is another considerable village, containing 1 large woolen factory, 1 cotton factory, 1 satinet factory, saw, grist and oil mills, two furnaces, together with shop?, stores, meeting houses, &.c. In the S. E. part of the town there are saw mills, grist mills, clothier's works, and 1 satinet fac- tory. This town was sacked by the Indians, and the inhabitants taken prisoners or driven off in 1745 or '6, and did not return under about 5 years to resume the settlement of The former name of the the place. town was Arlington, and it was incorporated by its present name in 1753. VViiiclxcster, Ct. Litchfield co. Winchester was �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Population, incorporated in 1771. The geological char1830, 1,76G. acter of the town is primitive ; the rocks consisting of granite, mica The soil is gravelly, slate, &c. it affords good hard and coarse grazing, and its products of butter, cheese and wool are considerable. : The Borough of Clifton was in- It is a flourcorporated in 1832. ishing village, consisting of about sixty or seventy dwelling houses, and 4 mercantile stores. The village is principally built in a narrow valley, on the banks of a mill stream, called Mad river, which is a tributary of Farmington river. The valley at this place is but bare- ly of sufficient width admit of a street, with buildings on each side, the ground rising immediately in every direction. Westward of the ergreen district," so named fror the forests of hemlock and othe evergreen trees with which i abounds. These "Green Woods' present one of the most impressive scenes which can be found in an American forest. The branches of the trees are thickly covered with a deep green foliage, closely interwoven overhead, nearly excluding the light of the sun. The scene forcibly reminds the contemplative traveler of the words of Thomson, in his celebrated hymn " Oh, ta'k of Where, Him o'er Ihe Fills the in solitary glooms ! rock ihe scarcely waving pine brown shaJe with a 'Wiiidl>ani, religious awe." Me. to main street in the vill'age, a road passes up a steep hill for nearly a quarter of a mile, where, upon an elevated plain, is an interesting lake or pond, which is one of the largest bodies of water in the state, being 3 1-2 miles in length and 3-4 of a mile in breadth. The outlet of this lake presents a novel scene it consists of a small stream, compressed within a narrow channel, and literally tossed from rock to rock till it unites with Mad liver. Most of the manufacturing establishments in the village are situated on this outlet, upon which there arts some of the best natural sites for hydraulic works in the state. In this village are four large scythe factories, one machine shop, and five forges. The ore to supply these forges is brought from Canaan, Kent and Salisbury. Winsted, or ihe East village, is very pleasant, and contains a large woolen mill, an extensive clock factory, an iron foundry, and an axe factory. This village is 26 miles N. W. from Hartford, 49 N. by W. from New Haven, and 17 N. by E. from Litchfield. Winchester lies within the " ev- Cumberland co. Windham lies on the N. E. side of Presumpscut river, which separates it from Gorham. It is 76 miles S. W. from Augusta, and 14 N. N. W. from Portland. This is a valuable farming town, and the inhabitants are employed in agriculBranches of the Presumpscut give the town good mill privileges. There are 2 pleasant villages in the town, some manufactures, and several beautiful fish principally ture. ponds. Population, 1837, 2,207. "Windliam, N. II. Rockingham co. This town is 34 miles S. by E. from Concord, and 45 W. S. W. from Portsmouth. Policy pond lies in this town and Salem, about one half in each. Cabot's pond lies E. of the centre of the town. Golden pond is in the south, and Mitchel's in the northeast part of the town. Beaver river or brook forms the W. boundary, upon which are some meadow lands. The town is also well supplied with small streams. Windham was originally a part of Londonderry ; and was detached ond incorporated in 1739. The inhabitants, principally derived from the first settlers of Londonderry, have firmly adhered to the religious �— ; : NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. principles of their fathers, to the doctrines and forms of the presbyterian church as originally established in Scotland, and administered in this country. Population, 1830, 993. AViudliam, Vt. Windham the AVindliaiu County, Vt. JVewfane is the shire town. This county is bounded N. by Windsor county; E. by Connecticut river ; S. by the of state Massachuof Ben- and W. by the county nington. It contains an about 780 square miles. tion, 1810, 26,760; 1820, setts, 1S30, 23,748. area of Popula28,457; Incorporated, 1789. For some years it bore the name of Cumberland. Population to a square mile, 37. The surface of much broken by hills county is and valleys very elevated, the the western part is and contains a part of the Green Mountain range. The geological character of the county is primitive. Immense quantities of granite are found in all parts of the county, both in quarries and boulders, most of which is of fine grain and very handsome. It also contains gneiss, hornblende, serpentine, primitive limestone, and mica, talcose, chlorite, and argellite slates. The soil of the county is various from the rich and alluvial meadows on the Connecticut, to the cold and rugged lands on the sides of the mountains. The general character of the soil may be considered as tolerable for grain and excellent In 1837, there were for grazing. Some 76,532 sheep in the county. of the wool is of a fine quality, but generally it is about half blood. Windham county is finely watered by Williams', Saxton's, and West rivers, with their branches, and by numerous other streams. These waters give the county a great hydraulic power, which is rapidly coming into use for manufacturing purposes. ; Branches of West, CO. Williams' and Saxton's rivers give this town a good water power. The surface of the town is elevated soil, though strong, is better adapted for grazing than tillage. About 4,000 sheep are kept here. Windham was formerly a part of Londonderry. It is 30 miles N. E. from Bennington, and 25 S. W. fiom Windsor. Population, 1830, 847. The actynolite embedded in talc, found in this town, in slender four sided prisms of a leak green color. The crystals vary in size ; some are six inches in length and an inch in breadth. These crystals are abundant. Chlorite, garnets, serpentine, and steatite are is also found. Winclliani County, Ct. Brooklyn is county town. uniformly hilly, is mountainous or the is This county yet no part of very elevated. is it The prevailing a primitive gravelly loam. soil The greatest portion of the county is stony and considerably rough, and the lands generally best adapted for grazing, and many sections afford some of the richest dairy farms in the state. The Quinnebaug and Shetucket, with their branches, intersect this county, and afford many valuable water privileges for mills and manufacturing purposes. The valley of the Quinnebaug river comprises the best land in the The inliabitants of this county. county are more extensively engaged in the manufacturing business than in any other county in the Cotton and woolen goods state. are the principal tured. articles manufac- Windham county originally belonged to the counties of Hartford and New London. It was incorporated as a county in May, 1726. This county is bounded N. by �ENGLAND GAZETTEEPw NEVf Massachusetts; E. by Rhode Island S. by the county of New London, and W. by ToHand county. It contains aa area of about 620 square miles. Population, ISIO, 28,611; 1820,31,634; 1330,27,077. Population to a square mile, 44. In 1837, there were 26,017 sheep in Windham county. In memory ; in and the The co. John the to country Windham, in for Mason, James throne, fled to where he procured a negro servant to attend him. But when advertisements and pursuers were spread through this country, to apprehend the adherents of the Protector, he left yirgi!ua,came to New York, and from thence to Norwich. Still feeling that he should be securer in a more retired place, the to this first cellar, new plantation, dug and with his servant, raised in Windham the first English habitation, in the spring of 1639. The settlers, rapidly increasing, petitioned the general court, and obtained a grant of town privileges in May, 1692. It was made a county town in May, 1726." Windham is bounded N. by the towns of Hampton, Chaplin and Mansfield ; E. by Franklin and Lisbon, and W. by Lebanon and Columbia. It contains an area of about 8 by 6 miles. It has an uneven surface, with a tolerable soil. The is a copy of the Lieutenant Gates' monument, in the village burying ground. following Inscription on ye support of ye Poor, and another Legacy for ye support of ye School in said town He in for ever. died Windliam, July ye IGth, A. D. first in Virginia, he came and a generous Legacy in Land plate, this He landed for safety. Windham. his last CJiurch of Christ in territory of Fitch and others, in the year 1675. " Lieut. John Caies, a pious puritan, who served in the wars in England, holding his commission under Cromwell, wlien Charles II. came setteiler in the Will and Testament, he gave a generous Legacy to ye first town, Mansfield and Canterbury, was given by Joshua, a son of Uncas, the celebrated Mohegan to of Bv this sachem, England, first Town Wiiidliaui, Ct. Windham of Mr. John' Gates. He was a gentleman born 1697. Since the removal of the county courts from this place to Brooklyn, and the establishment of the village of Willimantic, the ancient village of Windham has somewhat declined in its trade and population. It is pleasantly located, compactly and neatly built, and contains the charm of antiquity, in as great perfection as can probably be found in England. This village is 30 miles E. from Hartford, 14 N. by New W. from Norwich, 44 W. S. W. from Providence, R. I., and 12 S. W. from Brooklyn. Population of the town, 1820,2,439; 1830,2,812. The Borough of Willimantic is 3 miles W. from ^Vindham village. It is well situated on Willimantic river: it is built principally on one street, and contains some very handsome buildings. In this village are six cotton mills, containing 13,000 spindles ; a paper mill and a satinet factory. This nourishing village has grown up in the course of a few years. The population of this borough, in 1837, was 2,000. JVillimantic River rises in tlie county of Tolland, and with the �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEEPw Natchaug, forms the Shetucket in Windham. " Much pleasantry," says Mr. Barber, " has been indulged at the expense of the inhabitants of Wind- ham, on account of a sinjxular oc- currence vvliich happened in the year 175S, by which the inhabitants were very much frightened. There is probably some exaggeration in the account, though the foundation of the story is believed to be a matter of fact." We copy it as an amusing relic. " On a dark, cloudy, dismal night in the month of July, A. D. 175S, the inhabitants of V»'indham, a small town in the eastern part of Connecticut, had retired to rest, and for several hours, all were wrapped when suddenin profound repose ly, soon after midnight, the slumbers of the peaceful inhabitants were disturbed by a most terrilic noise in the sky right over their heads, which to manj', seemed the yells and screeches of infuriated Indians, and others had no other way of accounting for the awful sounds, which still kept increasing, but by supposing the day of judgment had certainly come ; and to their terrified imaginations, the awful uproar in the air seemed the immediate precursor of the clangor of the last trumpet. At intervals, — many supposed they could distinguish the calling out of paticular names, as of Colonels Dyer and Elderkin, two eminent lawyers, and this increased the general But soon there was a rush terror. from every house, the tumult in the air still increasing old and young, male and female, poured forth into the streets, " in puris — naturalibus,^^ entirely forgetful, in their hurry and consternation, of their nether habiliments, and with eyes upturned tried to pierce tlie Some almost palpable darkness. daring " spirits,'^ concluding there was nothing supernatural in the hubbub and uproar over head, but rather, that they heard the yells of Indians commencing a midnight attack, loaded their guns and sallied forth to meet the invading foes. These valiant heroes, on ascending the hill that bounds the village on the east, perceived that the sounds came from that quarter, and not from the skies, as first believed, but their courage would not permit them to proceed to the daring extremity of advancing eastward, until they had discovered the real cause of alarm and distress, which pervaded the whole village. Towards morning the sounds in the In the air seemed to die away. morning, the whole cause of alarm, which produced such distressing apprehensions among the good people of the town, was apparent to all who took the trouble to go to a certain mill pond, situated about three fourths of a mile eastward of This pond, hereafter, the village. in the annals of Fame, forever to be called the Frog Pond, in consequence of a severe drought, which had prevailed many weeks, had become nearly dry, and the Bull Frogs (by which it was densely j^ojju- lated) at the mill fought a pitched battle on the sides of the ditch which ran through it, for the possession and enjoyment of the fluid Long and obwhich remained. stinately was the contest maintainand many thousands of the ed combatants were found defunct, on both sides of the ditch, the next ; morning. It had been uncommon- ly still, for several hours before the battle commenced, but suddenly, as if by a preconcerted agreement, every frog on one side of the ditch, raised the war cry, Col. Dyer, Col. Dyer, and at the same instant, from the opposite side, resounded the adverse shout of Elderkin too, ElOwing to some pecuderkin too. liar state of the atmosphere, the awful noises and cries appeared to the distressed Windhamites to be directly over their heads." �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Windsor, Me. Kennebec some Windsor was co. in- corporated by tbe name of JVIalta, in 1809. In 1S21 it took the name of Gerry, and in 1822 it received present name. It lies 12 miles from Augusta, by which it is bounded on the west. Population, 1837, Wheat crop, same year, 1,660. 5,947 bushels. This town is watered by the upper branches of Sheepscot river, and by several handsome ponds. its The surface of the town is diversithe soil is generally good, and its agricultural condition improving. There are some manufactures in the town. fied : "Windsor, W. H. Hillsborough co. This town con- tains only 5,JJ35 acres. sified with hills : its soil mit of cultivation. The soil produces fine crops of grain, hay, vegetables and fruits the lands are peculiarly adapted for grazing, and about 200,000 sheep graze on its varied surface of hills and valleys : The beautiful Connecticut, which its whole eastern boundary, gives to this county large tracts of alluvial meadow land, and aftbids it a navigable channel to the sea board, for its surplus productions, and for its wants from abroad. The hydraulic power of Windsor county is verj^ large, and its local position is such as to induce men of enterprize and capital to embark in manufacturing operations, which are annually increasing with fair prospects of success. washes It is diver- strong, is grazing, and for bread stufis, of which quantities sufficient for use at home, and some for the markets Black pond, near the are raised. centre, is said to be 160 rods long and SO broad and one near the S. E. corner of the town, is about SO rods long and 40 wide, Windsor was formerly called It was incorpoCa7n}')h€lVs Gore. rated with town privileges in 1798. Population, 1830, 226. good parts mountainous, but gen erally, it is not too elevated to ad- Windsor, Vt. for ; ^?yindsor Comity, Vt. Woodstock is the county town. This county is bounded N. by the county of Orange, E. by Connecticut river, S. by Windham county, and W. by Rutland and a part of Addison counties. It contains an area of about 900 square miles. Population, 1810, 34,877 1820, 38,233; 1830, 40,625: population to a square mile, 48. Incorporated ; in 1781. Windsor county is watered bj^ White, Queechy, Black, West and Williams' rivers, and by other excellent mill streams. The surface of the county is uneven, and in Windsor co. Windsor was first uneven, but there are but few parts of it unfit for cultivation. It consettled in 1764. Its surface is tains large tracts of alluvial meadow, and the uplands are generally fertile. Mill brook waters the south part of the town, and furnishes it with excellent mill sites. The manufactures of the town are numerous and valuable. The agricultural interests are also valuable 10,000 sheep are annually sheared in the town, and many neat cattle, horses and productions of the dairy are annually transported to its various markets. This town has become the centre of an important commerce, both from the river and a fertile interior country. The favorable position of Windsor, as a place of trade, was early discovered, and it has been fortunate in possessing a succession of men, who, by their enterprise and wealth, have rendered : it one of the most flourishing towns on Connecticut river. Windsor is situated on the west side of that delightful river, 55 �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. miles S. by E. from Montpelier, 105 N. W. from Boston, 55 N. E. from Bennington, 95 S. S. W. from Burlington, and 127 miles above Population, in 1820, Hartford, Ct. 1S30, 3,134. 2,956 tine and soapstone. It is 117 miles from Boston, 18 N. N. E. from Lenox, and J 2 E. N. E. from Pittsfield. Incorporated in 1771. W. by N. Population, 1837, 887. ; The Windsor is on elevated ground, on the bank of the river: it is couipactly, and somewhat irregularly built, but very beautiful. There are but few villages in our country which make a more delightful appearance. It contains a great number of hand- some dwelling houses and stores. Some of the private houses, churches and other public buildings are in a style of superior elegance. This is the site of the Vermont State prison. The streets are wide and beautifully shaded. The scenery around Windsor is highly picturesque ; from the high lands across the river, in Cornish, which is united to Windsor by a bridge, or on the Ascutney at the south part of the town, some of the best landscapes in our country are presented to view. Windsor, Mass. Berkshire co. This town is situa- which Housatonick and Connecticut. Branches of the Housatonick and Westfield rivers rise here. There are some good fish ponds in the town, ted on the ridge of hiirh lands divides the waters of the but no important streams. The surface of the town is much broken, but the soil is warm and linely adapted for grazing. Thei-e ai-o some excellent farmers in Windsor, and the productions of the dairy and of cattle are considerable. In 1837, there were 7,157 sheep in the town, principally of the Saxony and Merino breeds. Their woo! weighed 21,3S7 lbs., and sold for $10,521. This town is remarka- longevity of its inhabitants which is doubtless owing to the purity of its air and water. Windsor contains beds of serpenble for the ; "Windsor, Ct. village of Hartford co. This most ancient town in Connecticut is situated on the west side of Connecticut river, 6 miles N. from Hartford. Population, 1830, 3,220. The surface of the town is generally level, hav- ing some extensive The plains. various, and free from stone : some of it is light, but a large proportion of it is fertile, containing extensive tracts of rich meadow. Farmington river passes through the town, and meeting the Connecticut, gives the town a good hydraulic power. There are in Windsor 4 paper mills, 2 manufactories of cotton batting, and factories of satinet, Kentucky jean, wire, ccc. Tlie business in these manufacturing establishments is very considerable. At a place called Pine Aleadow, at the commencement of the locks on the Enfield canal, a variety of ship soil is and other timber is prepared for maiket. Pine Meadow is opposite to Warehouse Point, in East Windsor. The centre village in Windsor is extended on the banks of pleasant!}' the Connecticut : sliaded, and lightful prospects. v.'ell it is weU built, commands de- Poqiionnuck village is a few miles N. from the centre. It is a manufacturing village, delightfully situated at the head of navigation on Farmington river. " In 1631, Wahquimacut, an Indian sachem, living near Connecticut river, made a journey to Plymouth and Boston, and earnestly entreated the governors of each of the colonies to send men to make setHe repretlements on the river. sented the fruitfulness of the country, and promised the English, that �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. they would make a settlement, he would annually supply them with corn, and give them eighty beaver if skins, " The governor of Massachusetts, although he treated the sachem and his company with generosity, p^id no attention to his pi-oposals. Mr. Winslow, the governor of Plymouth, judged it worthy of atIt seems that soon after that, he went into Connecticut, and discovered the river and the adjatention. captain, on the 25th of October Curter protested against Hohnes, the builder of the Plymouth house. Some time afterwards, the Dutch governor. Van Twiller, of Fort Amsterdam, sent a reinforcement to Connecticut, in order to di-ive A Holmes from the river. party of seventy men under arms, with banners displayed, assaulted the Plymouth house, but they found it so well fortified, and the men who kept it so vigilant and determined, cent parts. It appeared that the earnestness with which the sachem solicited the English to make settlements on the river, originated from the distressed state of the rivPekoath, the great saer Indians. chem of the Pequots, was at war with them and driving them from the country, and they imagined that if the English made settlements on the river, they would assist them in defending tiiemselves against their too powerful enemies. that it could not be taken witho\it bloodshed. They therefore came to a parley, and finally returned in peace. "Governor Winslow of Plymouth, about sixty men, women and children, with their horses, cattle and swine, commenced their journey from Massachusetts, through the wilderness, to Connecticut river. After a tedious and dithcultjourney, heing pleased with the appearance of the country, having vinted it, the Plymouth people made prepar- ations for erecting a trading house, and establishing a small company upon the river. In 1G33, ^Villiam Holmes, with his associates, having prepared the frame of a house, with boards and materials for covering it immediately, put them on board of a vessel and sailed for Connecticut. Holmes landed and erected his house a little below the mouth of Farmington river, in Windsor. The house was covered with the utmost dispatch, and fortified with palisadoes. The Plymouth people purchased of the Indians the land on which they erected their house. This, governor Wolcott says, was the first house erected in Connecticut. " In June, 1634, the Dutch sent Jacob Van Curter to purchase lands on the Connecticut. He made a purchase of about twenty acres at Hartford, of Nepuquash, a Pequot " A number of Mr. Wareham's people came, in the summer of 1635, to Connecticut, and made preparations to bring their families and make a permanent settlement. After having made such preparations as they judged necessary, they be- gan to remove pro])erty. On their families and the 15th of October, through swamps and rivers, over mountains and rough grounds, which were passed with great difficulty and fatigue, they arrived safely at the places of their respective des- They were long on time and pains were spent in passing the river, and in getting over their tination. their journey, and so so much cattle, that after all their exertions, winter came upon them before they were prepared. " About the beginning of December, provisions generally failed in the settlements on the river, and famine and death looked the inIn their dishabitants in the face. tress, some of them in this severe season attempted to go through the wilderness to the nearest settlement in Massacliusetts. thirteen, A who made company the of attempt. �NEW ENGLAND one of their number, Avho, in passing a river, fell through the The other ice and was drowned. twelve were ten days on their journey, and had they not received assistance from the Indians, would all have perished. Such was the general distress by the 3d and 4th of December, that a considerable part of the settlers w^ere obliged to leave their habitations. Seventy persons, men, women and children, were obliged, in the severity of winter, to go down to the mouth of the river to meet their provisions, as the only expedient to preserve their lives. Not meeting the vessels which they expected, they all went on board of the Rebecca, a vessel of about 60 tons. This vessel, two days before, was frozen in, twentj'^ miles up the river ; but by the falling of a small rain, and the influence of the tide, the ice became so broken, that she made a shift to get She however ran upon the out. bar, and the people were forced to unlade her to get her off. She was reladed, and in five days reached Boston. Had it not been for these providential circumstances, the people must have perished from fam- lost GAZETTEER. the summer came following, the settlers companies, and the settlements at Windsor, Hartford and Wethersfield were firmly esin large tablished." The first of the four following epitaphs is supposed to be the most ancient monumental inscription in the state. Heere Ephraim Hvit, sometimes lyeth Teacher to ye chvrch of Windsor, who died September 4th, 1644. Who when hee lived wee drew ovr vilall breath, dyiii^ was ovr death, Who when hee d.ed Who was ye stay of s ate, ye chviches staff, liis Alas, tlie lliiies forbid an epitaph. Here vnder lyeth the body of Henry Wolcot, sometimes aMaiestrate of this Ivrisdiction, who died ye 30th day of May, Anno Salvtis 1G55, iEtatis 77. Here lyeth the body of the Hon. Roojer Wolcott, Esq. of Windsor, who for several ine. " The people who remained and kept their stations on the river, sufAfter fered in an extreme degree. all the help they were able to obtain, by hunting and from the Indians, they were obliged to subsist on acorns, malt and grains. The cattle, which could not be got over the river before winter, lived by browsing in the woods and meadows. They wintered as well, or better, than those that were brought over, and for which all the provision was made, and care taken, of which the settlers were capable. great number of the cattle, however, perished. The Dorchester or Windsor people lost, in this species of property, about two hunUpon the dred pounds sterling. breaking up of winter, and during A 42 Governor of the Colony of years was Connecticut, died May 17th, Salutis 1767, iEtatis 89. Anno Earth's hishesf station enrfs in "Here he lies ;" Aud " dust to dust" concludes her noblest soiig. To LL. the memory of Oliver Ellstoorth, D., an assistant in the Council, and a judge of the Superior Court of the State of Connecticut. A member of the Convention which formed, and of the Convention of Connecticut, State which adopted the Constitution of the U. States. Senator and Chief Justice of the U. States ; one of the Envoys extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, who made the convention of 1800 between the U. Slates and the — French Republic. Amiable and exemplarv in all the relations of the domesand christian character. tic, social �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Pre-eminently useful in all the offices he sustained, whose great talents under the guidance of inflexible integrity, consummate wisdom, and enlightened zeal, placed him among the tirst of the illustrious statesmen who achieved and established the independence of the American Republic, Born at Windsor April 2yth, 1745, and died Nov. 26, 1807. The ancient boundaries of Wind- extended 46 miles in circumference, lying on both sides of the Within these limits there river. sor were ten distinct Indian tribes cr sovereignties. In the year 1670 there was a large Indian fortress at Windsor, and nineteen natives to one Englishman but another race has arisen mineralogy still in all, but its hisfame, it has a rival at the east, in the Winnepisiogee of New Hampshire. There are more than forty differ; toric ent ways name of was formerly written of spelling the this lake. It as though it had six syllables; but the pronunciation which has generally obtained with those best acquainted with the region of the lake, and the Indian pronunciation of the name, was Win-ne-pesock-e. The following authorities show this Winnapusseakit : : Sherman and Ince's Report, 1652. Winnipesocket Bartlett's : Narra- : tive, 1708. : TVinnipissocay: Penhallow's Wars, ''The chiefs of other days are departed. They have gone without their fame. The people are like the waves of the ocean Like the leaves of woody Morven, They pass away in the rustling blast, And other leaves lift their green heads on menced during the revolutionary The Population, 1830, 571. surface is rough, and the soil not very productive. rises in this town good water power. It passes through a part of Jamaica, and joins West river in Londonderit Wlnncpissocay Wmnipeshoky TVinnej^esocket 1746. : : : : Petition, 1733. Petition, 1744. Stevens' Journal, Surveyor Clement, Winipiseoce: Theodore Atkinson, war. atTords Canterbury char- 1746. ^Viiiliall, Vt. Winhall River : ter, 1727. Winepesocky high.'"' W^inhall is Bennington co. bounded on the W. by Manchester, and is 33 miles S. W. from Windsor. This town was chartered in 1761, and its settlement com- and 1726. TVinaposaivgue a 1746. Winnepesacket : Governor Shir- ley, 1747. JVinipesockee Bryant's Journal, : 1747. Winnapessocket : Map of New Hampshire, 1750. Winipisoky : Hon. George Boyd, 17S5. Winnepisiogee : The present mode spelling, pronounced JVinipisoky, or Win-ne-pe-sock-e. This lake is situated in the coun- of However romantic and Its form is very ty of Strafford. irregular. At the west end it is divided into three large bays ; on the north is a fourth ; and at the east end there are three others. beautiful Lake George, the charmer of all travelers, appears in its elevation, the purity of its waters, its depth, its rapid outlet, its 365 islands which bespangle its bosom, general course is from N. W. length is about 22 E. its miles, and it varies in width from one to ten miles. This lake is environed by the pleasant towns of ry- Winiiepisiogec This charms. its lake lialce, possesses mountain scenery, its N. H. singular fish, its Its to S. ; Moultonborough, Tuftonborough, �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Wolfeboroiis;h, Centre Harbor, Meredith, Gilford, and Alton, and overlooked by other deligtful towns. The waters of the Winnepisiogee are remarkably pure, and its depth in some places is said to be unfathomable. Its sources are principally from springs within bosom. its Its the rapid river of its own name. Its height above the level of the sea is 472 feet. It is stored with a great variety of excellent fish: in the summer season, steam boats, sloops and smaller vessels ply on its waters, and in the winter season it presents an icy expansion of great usefulness and outlet is beauty. Like Cisco bay and Lake George, this lake is said to contain 3G5 islands. Without supposing the days of the year to have been consulted on the subject, the number IS very great ; of several comprise farms of from 200 which to 500 acres. The beauties of this lake were thus described, by the celebrated Dr. Dwight, many years ago. " The prospect of this lake, and its environs, is enchanting; and its beauties are seen with great advantage from a delightful elevation a little distance from the road towards Plymouth. The day was remarkaNot a breath disturbed bly line. the leaves, or rutfled the surface The sky was seof the waters. rene and beautiful. The sun shone with a soft and elegant lustre; seems peculiar to that deweather, which from the 20th of September to the 20th of such as lightful October, so often elicits from the mouths of mankind the epithet of charming. Mildness tempered the and serenity hushed the heat ; The immense world into universal quiet. "Winnepisiogee which Its borders, an silvered floated on field of glass tre was ; now in full by the its lus- surface. view, now dimly retiring from the eye, were formed by those flowing lines, those masterly sweeps of nature, from which art has derived all its apprehensions of ease and grace alternated at the same time by the intrusion of points, by turns rough and bold, or marked with the highest elegance of figure. In the centre a noble channel spread ; twenty-two miles before the eye, uninterrupted even by a bush or a rock. On both sides of this avenue a train of islands arranged themselves, finish, by as if to adorn it with the which could be given only their glowing verdure, and graceful forms. " Nor is this lake less distinguished by its suite of hills, and mountains. On the northwest ascends a remarkably beautiful eminence, called the Red Mountain limited every where by circular lines, and in the proper sense elegant in its figure beyond any other mountain, among the multitude, which I have examined. On the south ascends Mount Major; a ridge, of a bolder At a aspect, and loftier height. still greater distance in the south; east rises another mountain, more obscure and misty ; presenting its loftiest summit, of an exactly semicircular form, directly at the foot of the channel above mentioned, and terminating the watery vista between the islands, by which it i? bordered, in a magnificent manner. On the northeast the great Ossipee raises its long chain of summits with a bold sublimity, and proudly looks down on all the surrounding region. " As we did not cross the Winnepisiogee, I am unable to determine in what manner an excursion on its compared with which I made on Lake George. That the internal and successive waters might be that Winnepisiogee beauties of the strongly resemble, and nearly approach those of Lake George, I canThat tliey not entertain a doubt. exceed them seems scarcely credible. But the prospect from the hill �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. the head of Centre Harbor is of the Piscataqua, rises in a swamp superior to that from Fort between Hampton and N. HampGeorge; a fact of which hardly ton, and passes north into the Great any thing could have convinced Bay at Greenland. me, except the testimony of my Wiuoosldl City, Vt. The Winnepisiogee own eyes. See Burlington. presents a field of at least twice the extent. The islands in view Winslovr, Me. of finer forms, are more numerous Kennebec co. This is a beautiThe and more happily arranged. The ex- ful town, opposite to Waterville it shores are not inferior. pansion is far more magnificent; is watered by Kennebec and Sebasand the grandeur of the mountains, ticook rivers, by several ponds, and particularly of the Great Ossipee, by a fine stream, a branch of the Its water power is can scarcely be rivalled. It can- Sebasticook. The soil not be remarked without some sur- constant and abundant. prise, that Lake Geoi-ge is annually of the town is fertile ; the surface is diversified, and rendered provisited by people from the coast of England and that the Win- ductive by industrious and indepenWinslow is 18 miles nepisiogee, notwithstanding all its dent farmers. accumulation of splendor and ele- N. by E. from Augusta. It was Population, gance, is almost as much unknown incorporated in 1771. Wheat crop, same to the inhabitants of this country, in 1837, 1,557. as if it lay on the eastern side of year, 6,910 bushels. the Caspian." See Centre Harbor. at much ; : New ; Wintlirop, Me. Winnepisiogee River, W. H., Is the great outlet to the lake of Kennebec CO. This town is finehaving a fertile soil, an undulating surface, and comprising six beautiful sheets of water the Cobbessecontee and some of its trib- ly situated, and issues from the that name It southwest arm of the lake. thence passes through two bays between Meredith and Gilford, en- utaries. The largest of these lakes tering the Great Bay in the north- or ponds is ten miles in length, and From from one to three miles in width. east part of Sanbornton, thence it passes through two other These waters give to Winthrop a bays, forming the boundary between valuable water power, and which is Sanbornton on the northwest, and partly improved by a large cotton Gilmanton and Northfield on the mill, a flour mill, carding and cloth and unites with the dressing establishments, saw mills, southeast; ; ; Pemigewasset a short distance beThe stream low Webster's falls. is rapid in its course, and has a fall of 232 feet from the lake to its junction with the other branch of this name being the Merrimack given to the confluent stream. There are also in the town extensive manufactures of leather, boots and shoes. &.C. The principal village is delightfully located, in the form of a cres- the union of the North extending into Readfield, There are numerous bridges over about six miles, with the South lake which also extending into Monmouth, about the Winnepisiogee furnishes many excellent privileges the same distance. This village is 10 miles W. from Augusta. The for factories or other machinery. East village likewise is pleasantly See Merrimack River. situated at the northern extremity Winuicut River, W. H., of the large lake, and is about 6 Or the TVinniconett, a tributary miles from Augusta. : ; cent, lake, at �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. These villages are neatly built, and are nourishing places of business. The lakes add mucJi to the The descent beauty of the town. of their banks is gently sloping, with a dispersion of acclivities, which serve to heighten the beauty their waters are of the scenery deep, clear, and ai"e stocked with an abundance of trout, pickerel, perch, and other fish. There is in this town an elevated : of land containing an inexhaustible quantity of iron ore, or the material from which copperas is manufactured. Large quantities of copperas were made here during the late war, and it is thought that this ore might be advantageously used in times of peace. tract Winthrop is an excellent farming town, and the moral character of its inhabitants is said to be uncom- monly good. It was incorporated Population, 1837, 2,003. crop, same year, 5,194 bush- in 1771. Wheat els. lumber and ship building, this largely and profitably engaged in the fisbery, for which purplace it is admirably located. The tonnage of this district in 1837, was suit 11,662 tons. The village of Wiscasset is delightfully situated on rising ground, in view of the harbor. The court house, churches, stores, and dwelling houses are built with taste, and many of them with elegance. more beautiful village is rarely seen. A "Woburn, Mass. Middlesex Wiscasset, Mc. WisShire town. casset is a port of entry, situated on the west side of Sheepscot river, 20 miles from the sea ; 24 miles S. S. E. from Augusta, 42 N. E. from Portland, and 10 N. E. from Bath. It was incorporated in 1760. Population, 1837, 2,24G. Wiscasset contains a noble harbor for vessels of the largest class it is easy of access and seldom obstructed by ice. For many years previous to the commencement of the commercial restrictions, in 1807, "Wiscasset was one of the most active and flourishing sea ports in Maine. During the disastrous period which followed, Wiscasset suffered severely, in common with all towns largely engaged in naviga: tion. Since the termination of the war the town has been slowly but safely progressing in wealth and prosperity. In addition to its commerce in 42* This town co. is sit- uated 10 miles N. W. by N. from Boston, 12 E. by N. from Concord, and 14 W. from Salem. It was incorporated in 1642, and first settled in 1640. Population, 1830, 1,977; 18.37, 2,643. There are some elevations in Woburn which give the surface a variegated and pleasing aspect. There considerable is Lincoln co. is wood land in the town, and some pine plain land; but the soil is generally strong, fertile and well improved. It contains some beautiful farms. The manufactures of the town consist of leather, boots, shoes, india rubber, chairs, door sashes, blinds, tin, cabinet and wooden wares value, the year end1837, $421,042. Horn Pond in this town is a delightful sheet of water, surrounded : total ing April, 1, by evergeens, and is so remarkable for its rural beauties as many to attract from a distance. This pond serves as a passage for the visitors Middlesex canal it also furnishes town with a water power of The waters of this some value. and several smaller ponds in Woburn fall into Mystic river, through Mystic pond in Medford. ; the Wolcott, Vt. Wolcott is well Lamoille co. watered by Lamoille river, and by Green and Wild Branch, its branch- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. " Fish Pond," in Wolcott, is a 63. pretty piece of water, and bears There is an appropriate name. some good grain land in the town, but most of the lands are fit only There are some for pasturage. mills in the town, and about 1,500 sheep. Wolcott was chartered in 17S1. It is 22 miles N. from Montpelier, and 7 S. E. from Hyde Park. Population, 1830, 492. Wolcott, Ct. New Haven co. This is a small town, watered by abranchof Naugatuck river 22 miles N. from ; New Population, 1830, Haven. 843. The town was incorporated in 1796. The territory was formerly a parish in the towns of Farmington and Waterbury and from that circumstance was called " Farmingbury." The lands in Wolcott are elevated, rough, stony, and One of the hard to cultivate. ; highest hills in state lies in this part of this town : it the commands Long a very extended prospect of Island Sound country. and the adjacent Wolcottville, Ct. See Torrington. siderable magnitude, called Crook ed, Rust's, Barton's, and Sargent's ponds. There is a bridge over Smith's river about 60 feet long, near its entrance into the lake Near this bridge is a pleasant vil lage. The charter of Wolfeborough was granted in 1770, to Gov. John Wentworth, Mark H. Wentworth Gov. Wentworth, distinguished for his enterprise and and others. taste, and a fondness for agricultural improvements, erected a splendid mansion about 5 miles east of the bridge, and made it his summer residence. At the foot of a hill, near one of the ponds in this town, is a mineral spring, the waters of which are of a quality similar to those of Saratoga, but not so strongly impregnated. Population, 1830, 1,928. Wouasquatucket River, R. Providence This and after passing nearly through that town, it runs between North Providence and Johnston, and forms the head of Providence river. This stream is celebrated for its hydraulic power and the numerous manufacturing establishments erected on its banks. co. This town "Woodljridge, Ct. is 45 miles N. N. W. from Portsmouth, and 45 N. E. from Concord. It is bounded S. E. by Brookfield and New Durham, S. W. by Winne- pisiogee lake and Alton, N. E. by Ossipee, and N. W. by Tuftonbo- rough. The soil is rocky, but producand the face of the country level. The wood is principally oak and other hard timber. The only river is Smith's, so called from a hunter of that name it issues from a large pond of the same name in the S. E. part of the town, and discharges its waters into the lake. There are four other ponds of con- tive, : co. Smithfield, in Wolfeljoroiigli, N. H. Strafford I. river rises New Haven co. The territory of this town belonged to the towns of Haven and Milford, and was called the parish of " Amity," from 1739, until its incorporation in 1784. West river runs on the west side of West Rock, a range of mountains on the eastern border of the town. The surface of the town is New but the soil is excellent for and much butter and cheese is annually taken to the New Haven market, from which it hilly, grazing, Population, in 6 miles S. W. 1830, 844. The regicides, Goffe and Whalley, had a number of places of concealment in the limits of Woodlies �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. bridge, the most noted of which is Hatchet Harbor or the Lodge, near a beautiful spring, in a valley, about Haven. 7 miles from New "Woodbury, Vt. Washington co. Woodbury is watered by branches of Onion and Lamoille rivers, and contains a greater number of ponds than any other town in the state. These ponds afibrd a great variety of fish. Woodbury lies 15 miles N. by E. from Montpelier. Population, 1800, 23; 1820,432; 1830,824. AVoodljury, Ct. Litchfield co. The Woodford contains several large ponds, from which issue branches of Woloomsack and Deerfield livThere is a good deal of Avild ers. scenery on the road in crossing the mountains from Bennington through Woodford and Searsburt-h: the gurgling of the streams down the mountain sides, allay, in a great degree, the fatigue of the jourThe greater part of this ney. township is too elevated and broken It is a good locafor cultivation. tion for the sportsman ; for fish and fowl are abundant, and the deer, the bear, and other wild animals, roam with almost undisputed sway settlement town commenced in the year 1672 in 1674, it was incorpo- Wood's Hole, Mass. of this : See Falmouth. rated. This a good grazing township the soil is generally warm and fertile. Between four and five thousand sheep are annually sheared in is Woodbury. The village is situated in a pleasant valley, and watered by a number of small streams, which foim the Pomperaug. surrounded by high hills on every side, forming a kind of amphitheatre, which renIt is ders it strikingly romantic. The village contains some handsome buildings, three satinet, one tin and This place lies two nail factories. Haven, 25 miles N. W. from 36 W. S. W. from Hartford, and 15 Population, in S. from Litchfield. 1830, 2,049. Bethel Rock, near the village of New AVood River, R. I. ; See Hopkinton. AV^oodstoclc, Me. A part of this townOxford CO. ship is mountainous ; but it contains large tracts of undulating, fertile land. It is bespangled with beau- ponds, forming mill streams, which pass to Little Androscoggin tiful river. Woodstock was incorporated in 42 miles W. from Augusta, and 10 N. W. from Paiis. 1815. It lies Wheat Pop\ilation, in 1837, C99. crop, same 5'ear, 2,669 bushels. Woodstock, Vt. Shire town, Windsor county. This town was first settled about waIt is well Woodbury, is about forty feet in the year 1768. height, and projects over 3 or 4 tered by Queechy river and its branches, which propel a woolen feet, forming a kind of shelter from There is a fine mill, a scythe and axe factory, an the wind and rain. This spot is fre- establishment for the manufacture grove near it. quently visited it excites solemn of woolen machinery, and several smaller manufacturing works. and pleasing impressions. The soil of the town is gencially Woodford, Vt. very fertile, with a pleasant surface Bennington co. This mountain of hills and vales. The agricultulown is 7 miles E. from Benning- ral productions are large and valuathey consist of beef, pork, button, on the road to Brattleborough. ble ter, cheese, apples, cider and wool. Population, 1830, 395. : : �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. of which 9,000 fleeces in 1837. were shorn " Woodstock Green," so called, is a beautiful village. It is the seat of a flourishing country trade, and contains many veryhandsome buildings. The court house, planned, and built under the supervision of Ammi B. Young, Esq., a native architect of great promise, is one of the most chaste and classical structures in New England. The south village is neat and pleasant: it is about 5 miles from the "Green." Woodstock lies 46 miles S. from Montpelier, and 11 N. W. from Windsor. Population, 1830, 3,044. "Wootlstocic, Ct. Windham co. Woodstock is bounded N. by the Massachusetts line, E. by Thompson, W, by Union and Ashford, and S. by Pomfret and Ashford. It is 8 miles long, and upwards of 7 in breadth. The surface of the town is characteristicalhilly, but not mountainous or broken, and comprises very little Vi^aste land, most or all of the eminences being capable of cultivation. The prevailing soil is a deep gravelly loam, which is strong and fertile. It is best adapted to grazing, but generally admits of tillage ; and considerable quantities of grain are annually raised, consisting principally of rye and corn ; and it may be considered one of the richest ag- ly ricultural towns in this part of the state. There are 4 woolen and 4 cotton factories in the limits of the town. There are also about 900 persons engaged in the shoe making business, principally in the western part of the town. The town is divided into three parts, viz. the old society of Woodstock, West Woodstock or Roxbury, and Muddy Brook society or North New Woodstock. The villages of Thompson, North Killingly, and Dudley in Massachusetts, on corresponding eleva- view, from the village in Old Woodstock, which is 41 miles E. N. E. from Hartford, 32 N. tions, are in fair from Norwich, 32 W. N. W. from Providence, and 12 N. by W. from Brooklyn. First settled, in 1686. Population, 1830, 2,915. The village of Muddy Brook, or North Woodstock, is about three miles distant, situated in a beautiful valley, through which Muddy Brook, a fine mill stream, passes. The village is in two parts, in each of which is a Congregational church, upwards of one mile distant from each other. village are The houses in this more clustered than in any other part of the town, and viewed fi-oia the surrounding hills present an uncommonly beautiful appearance. The west part is called "Village corner." General William Eaton", a consul to Tunis, from 1797 to 1803, and the hero of Derne, in 1804, was born in tliis town in 1764. He died at Brimlield, Mass., in 1811. " Gen. Eaton was a very extraordinary character ; he possessed much original genius, was bold in his conceptions, ardent in his pas- determined in his resolutions, and indefatigably persevering in sions, conduct. He possessed considerable literary acquirements, and the style of his writings was characteristic of his mind ; bold, energetic and decisive. His courage was equalled only by his resolution, and the boldness of his enterprises, by his ability and persever- his ance to execute them." Wooltvicli, Me. Lincoln co. Woolwich lies a little above Bath, on the east side of Kennebec river, 32 miles S. from Augusta, and 7 W. from Wiscasset. PopIt was incorporated in 1759. Woolwich ulation, 1837, 1,433. has several ponds and small streams, and its navigable privileges are valuable. �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. 'Wooiisoclcet Falls, R. I. factures in the county of Worcester was $11,407,790: the number of sheep in the county was 24,901; value of the wool, ^37,207. See SmitJifield. "Worcester, Vt. Washington co. This town Worcester, Mass. is situated 10 miles N. from Montpelier and 30 E. by S from BurlingPopulaFirst settled, 1797. ton. tion, 1820, 44, and in 1S30, 432. branch of Onion river gives the town a good water power, and which is used for various purposes. Much of this township is mountainous ; but there is some good land along the stream, and the high- County town, Worcester co. This town was incorporated in 16S4, but consequence of Indian hostilithe tirsttown meeting was not held until 1722. This part of the country was called by the Indians, Quinsiganiotid, and Tatmuck and JBogachoak hills were Indian resiin A ties, dences. The lauds afford pasturage for cattle. Worcester County, Mass. Worcester is the county town. This county was incoi-porated in try, New of the the salubrity of its climate, 1820, 2,962; 1830, 4,172; 1835, 6,624; 1837, 7,117. There are in Worcester 8 woolen, 3 cotton and 2 paper mills ; an air and cupola furnace, 9 woolen machinery factories, 3 tin factories, and manufactures of coaches, chaises, boots, shoes, hats, cutlery, chairs, cabinet ware, ploughs, straw bonnets, palm-leaf hats, wire, lead lation, water power is abundant in almost every town, and perhaps in no section of New England are the Its commerce and manufactures more completely blended nor can there be found ; better resources for their united support. Its principal rivers are the Blackstone, Quinabaug, Nashua, Ware, Millers, and Mill. There are in this county 54 towns, and 64 inhabitants to a sqimre mile. In 1837, the valu^of the manu- situation and the industry, intelligerce and wealth of its people, have long since entitled it to the honor of being called the chief town in " the Heart of the Commonwealth." The town is situated in a valley, and surrounded by hills of gentle acclivity. It is well built and beautifully shaded, and travellers from every direction, are delighted with its neatness and beauty. A number of the streams which form the head waters of the Blackstone meet in this town, and furnish a considerable water power, Worcester is 40 miles W. from Boston, 51 E. from Northampton, 38 S. W. from Lowell, and 41 N. N. W. from Providenc«|, R. I. Popu- 1731. Population, in 1S20, 73,635; It 1830, 84,365; 1837, 96,551. contains an area of 1,500 square miles. This county crosses the state from Hampshire on the north, to Connecticut and Rhode Island on the south. It is bounded W. by the counties of Franklin, Hampshire, and Hampden, and E. by Norfolk and Middlesex counties. This is the largest county in the Its territory is larger than state. the state of Rhode Island, and its population is greater than that of Its surthe state of Delaware. face is rather undulating than hilly. The soil is generally strong, and produces all kinds of grain, grasses, fruits, &.C. common to its climate. interests of agriculture, central town, both in regard to the county and state, the fertility of its soil and that of the surrounding coun- pipe, paper machinery, &c. i : total value, the year ending April 1, 1837, $1,042,369. Worcester is the centre of a large inland trade. The Blackstone ca- �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. from Providence, R. I., 45 miles terminates here and here is a permanent depot on the great western rail road from Boston Wortliiugton, Mass. nal, in length, ; Hampshire co. This town has a good soil it is pleasantly situated on elevated ground it has some mineral treasures, and is washed by It is a branch of Westfield river. 103 miles W. from Boston, 55 E. from Albany, N. Y., and 17 W. N. W. from Northampton. Incorpora: : to the Hudson This is literary, river. the seat of many religious, and philanthropic societies. The State Lunatic Asylum, tablished in this town in 1S32, is es- an institution honorable to the nature It is a beautiful building, of man. delightfully located, and admirably conducted. Its plan and arrangements are so excellent as to render it a model for similar institutions in other states. This institution ted, 1763. Population, 1837, 1,142. The manufactures of Worthington consist of leather, hoots, shoes, curtains, children's wagons, and hats: annual value, about $50,000. In 1837, there were sheared in the this town 9,050 merino sheep : is a receptacle for all persons arraigned as criminals, but found to have committed the offences in a state of insanity ; of paupers, and of those who are so furiously mad as to render their continuance at large dangerous to the community. Although the worst cases of insanity are found here, yet experience has proved that there are very few cases of derangement which m?i\ not be ameliorated by the kindly influence of humane treatment. The average recoveries, to the present time, is about 56 pr. ct. wool weighed 27,000 pounds, and sold for $16,875. Wrentliain, Mass. Norfolk CO. There is a large pond near the centre of this town, from which issue several streams which flow to the Charles, NeponIn this town are set and Taunton, one woolen and four cotton mills, an axe manufactory boat building to a considerable extent and manufactures of boots, shoes, hats, hoops and straw bonnets. The total value of the manufactures of this town, for the year ending April The American Antiquarian So- 1, 1837, was $204,806; of which By $77,815 was for straw bonnets, ciety, Avas founded in 1812. Wrentham is a pleasant town, the liberality of the late Isaiah Thomas, LL. D., one of its tirst with a tolerable soil and diversified It was taken from Dedbenefactors, a spacious hall was surface. Population, 1837, erected in 1820, for the reception ham in 1673. 2,817, of its large and valuable cabinet of family of Indians once resiantiquities, and its library of about 12,000 volumes of American pub- ded in a cavern in this town, called " Wampum's Rock," which place lications, particularly of all works The Indian pertaining to American history, and is rather a curiosity. ; ; A name of the town was WallomaMr, Thomas was the father of pogge. Wrentham is 27 miles S. by W. New England printers. He pubfrom lished the first newspaper in this from Boston, and 15 S. by W. town, in 1775, and, a few years af- Dedham. This town is bounded S. He E. by Mansfield, and within the reter, the first bible in America. was a gentleman of great patri- gion of a vast bed of anthracite coal. He was born otism and liberality. Yautic River, Ot. in Boston, January 19th, 1749, and literature generally, died in this town, April 4, 1831. New Lond^ co. This stream �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. by several branches in the northwest part of the county, and passing- in a southeast course meets the united waters of the Quinnebaug and Shetucket at Norwich, where tlie waters of the three rivrises ers fail witli party of MoheIndians plunged themselves down the Yantic falls, when pursued by their foes, the NarraganIt is said that a gan sets. Ifarmoutli, Mass. Yarmouth exBarnstable co. tends across Cape Cod, and has a There good harbor on each side. are several ponds in the town, from which issue a small stream, called Bass river, and from which a small water power is derived. The soil of the cape here becomes thin, sandy and unproductive. The people of this town are principally de- voted to the fishing business, coasting trade, and the manufacture of There are, however, some manufactures of vessels, cordage, wares, leather, cabinet and tin Some chairs, boots and shoes. sheep are kept, but the agricultursalt. A large productions are small. of vessels are engaged in the coasting trade, and in 1837, 13 vessels, of about 50 tons each, were employed in the cod and mackerel fishery the product, that year, al Yarmouth Barnstable, and lies 72 miles S. E. Incorporated, 1639. Population, in 1830, 2,251 ; 1837, from Boston. 2,454. great rapidity, form- ing the Thames, and producing a valuable hydraulic power. See JVorwich. number : was .$26,622. During that year there were in operation in this town, 52 establishments for the manufacture of common salt, and 4 for the manufacThe quantity ture of Ep^om salts. of common salt made was 365,200 bushels. The value of common salt was $109,560; of Epsom salts, Hands employed, 55. $1,350. In 1S37, there were in the state of Massachusetts 743 establishments for the manufacture of salt 753,392 bushels v/ere made, valued at : employing 708 hands. bounded W. by is $246,059, York County, Me. Alfred is the county town. This county is bounded N. by Oxford county, N. E. by the county of Cumberland, E. by the ocean, S. by Portsmouth harbor, and W. by Strafford county, N. H. It comprises an area of about SIS square miles. Its population in 1810, was 41,877; 1820,46,233; 1830,51,722; Population to and in 1837, 53^781. The surface a square mile, QQ. of the county is rough and uneven, but not mountainous; its highest elevation is Mount Agamenticus. hard and rocky, particularly on the sea coast, which exThere is, tends about 35 miles. however, much good land within it prothe limits of York county duces large quantities of English and salt liay, potatoes and other vegetables, corn, and some wheat; but the latter grain is not so abundant in this as in the more eastern counties. The quantity of wheat grown in this county in 1837, was but 17,795 bushels. There is much good grazing land in the county, and in 1837, there were 60,392 sheep within its limits. The sea coast is lined with fine harbors tor the fishery, and many Its soil is : vessels are built of native timber. The county contains many capes, points and necks of land, on which are well conducted light houses. The tonnage of the three districts within the county, Saco, Kenne bunk and York, in 1837, was 11,505 tons. York county contains many and the excellent mill streams value of its hydraulic power is be; be seen and felt. ancient county was the lodgement of some of the first setSee Saco. tlers of New England. ginning This to �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. York, Me. York CO. This is an ancient maritime town, on the coast, between Kittery and Wells, It is bounded W. South Berwick. This was for many years the shire town, and the place of holding the courts and keeping the records for the whole h-; piovincc, until the counties of Cumbei-hmd and Lincoln were set off in 1730. The town was incorporated in 1653. York has a court house and gaol, but all the county courts have been, within a t'cw years past, removed to Alfred. The principal harbor is York river, about 6 miles from Portsmouth, N. H., with water sufficient for vessels from 200 to 300 tons bur- The entrance, however, is being narrow and crooked. The oiher harbor is cape Neddock, about 4 miles N. E. of the former, navigable about a mile from the sea at full tides only it having a sand bar at its mouth, sufficient to prevent vessels of any considerable burthen from passing at low water. Cape Neddock and Bald Head are the head lands. The former is a little to the south of cape Neddock river. At the end of this cape is a small hillock called the Nubble, on which Congress has recently authen. difficult, ; tb-orised house. the Boon erection of Island lies a J^ight about 9 miles southeast of this point. Bald Head makes the S. W. part of Wells bay. The settlement of this place began about the year 1630 it was then called Agamenticus, from a mountain of that name in the north part of the town. This is of considerable elevation, and a noted land mark. From its summit, there is an extensive prospect bounded by the great ranges of the N. H. mountains on the N. and N. W., and the Atlantic on the coast from Cape Ann to Cape Elizabeth. This town was nearly destroyed by the Indians and French in lfl92, who, coming on snow shoes, surprised the unwary inhabitants at early morning. This calamity was so desolating, that the few remaining inhabitants had thoughts of abandoning the place altogetlier but a number remained, though suffering under severe privations from the destruction of almost every thing that could give them shelter or sustenance. The population of the town in 1830, was 3,485 ; but has been reduced since that time, by the annexation of a portion of its northern angle to South Berwick. Its population in 1837, was 3,001. York is situated 99 miles S. W. : from Augusta, 45 S. W. by S. from Portland", 22 S. S. E. from Alfred and 9 N. by E. from Portsmouth, N. H. �1 APPENDIX. CENSUS OP NEW ENGLAND— 1840. MAINE. York. Acton, 1401 1408 1693 Alfred, Berwick, Buxton, 2687 2574 Biddeford, Cornish, I2()3 Elliot, 1889 2363 2435 Hollis Kittery, Kennebunk, 2323 Kennebunk Port. ..2770 Lebanon, 2273 Kimerick, Limington. ^^ 1509 .. Minot, Naples, New Lyman 1478 IVewfield 1254 JVorth Berwick, ...1447 Parsonsfield 2442 Sanfurd, 2233 Saco, 4408 Shapleiirh, 1510 South Berwick, ...2314 Waterborough,... 1944 Wells, 2978 York, 3111 . 54.023 Gloucester,.. 1946 Baldwin, Bridgton Brunswick, 1134 1987 4259 Cape Elizabeth,. .. 1666 Cumberland, 1616 Danville, 1294 Durham, 1836 Falmouth, 2071 Freeport, 2662 Gorham, 3002 1740 Gray, Harpswell, Harrison; 1448 1243 43* , Stoneham, Otisfield Stow, 1307 Poland,.' 2360 Portland, (City).. 15.218 Sumner, Sweden, Pownal, Turner, Raymond Scarborough, Sebago Standish, Windham Westbrook, 1210 2032 2173 707 2198 2303 4116 "687660 Oxford. Albany, Andover Bethel... Brownfield, Buckfieid, Bvron, Canton, Denmark, Dixfield, Fryeburg, Greenwood, Cumberland. 1133 227 1 444 313 376 Porter, Roxbury, R u mford North Yarmouth, ..2824 .221 . 3550 758 Gilead, Hartford, 691 551 1994 1360 1629 219 919 1 143 1166 1536 836 313 1472 945 1232 Hebron, Hiram, Howard's Gore, ....131 Hamlin's Grant, 80 Lovel, Livermore, Mexico, Newrv, Norway, Township C, 2154 1002 Ill ."...29 Andover, N. Surplus, .45 Riley Township, ....51 Letter A, No. 2, 54 No. 4, first Range,. ...4 Fryeburg Acade- > .co my Grant, Number two ' 3 386 Batchelder's Grant, ...3 38,339 Lincoln. Alna, Bath, Boothbay, Bowdoin, Bowdoinham, Bremen, Bristol, Gushing, Dresden, Edgecomb, Paris, Sly . Friendship, Peru, 1381 No. 5, first Range,. .49 No. 5, second Range, .42 941 Oxford, 670 2479 \Vaterrord, VV^codstock Township B, 2745 447 463 1786 J246 1269 989 5143 2631 2073 2402 837 2946 791 1647 123o 725 Georgetown, 13.07 Jefl'e^son,... 2214 ewistown, ItOl 1531 1713 New Castle, Nobleborough, ....2210 I Lisbon, �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. 6 1657 1604 Bradford, Bradley, George, 'i094 Brewer, Thomaston, Topsham, 6227 Phipsburg, Richmond. St. 1883 1784 .3661 1133 Union, Waldoborough, Webster, Warren, Washington, Westport, . . 2228 1600 655 2142 2314 1416 Whitefield, Wiscasset, Woolwicli, Patricktown Plan- )qqq tation, ) Matinicus Island, ..177 77 Monhegan, 10 Matinicus Roclv, Matiiiic Iiland, 19 51 Muscle Ridge, Ragged Island, Wooden 17 Ball Island, ..9 "63^512 Kennebec. 1624 5314 1748 2675 2818 Albion, Augusta, Belgrade, China, Clinton, 168 1016 1046 Dearborn, Fayette Greene, Gardiner, Hallovvell, 5044 4668 Leeds 1736 Litchfield, 2293 1882 1475 2460 2037 987 2190 Monmouth, Mount Vernon, . . Pittston Readfield, Rome, Sidney, Vassalborough,. Vienna, Waterville, . Burlington, Carmel, Corinna, Corinth, Charlestown, Chester, Dexter, Dixmont, Etna, Eddington, Edinburgh, Enfield, Exeter, Garland, Glenburn, Greenbush, Hampden, Hermon, Howland, 395 1 736 350 521 1702 1318 1269 277 1464 1498 745 595 52 346 2052 1065 664 260 2663 1045 312 351 336 Kirkland, La Grange, Lee, Levant, Lincoln, Lowell, 724 1060 1121 Milford, Newburg, Newport, Orono, Orrington Oldtown,.' Passadumkeag, Plymouth, Springfield, Stetson, Jarvis Gore, 97 474 963 1138 1520 1580 2345 394 843 546 616 185 22 Township No. 3, 41 Township No. 4, Township 3,Range 8, 29 Lower IndianTown-^ 1201 1789 Windsor, Winlhrop, •Winslow, Clinton Gore, Wales, Territory north of Albion, No. 2, 5 Hopkins Academy ) 1915 1722 110 656 Wayne, ship, west branch >37 of PenobscotRiver,^ r. Indian Township, ) Grant, Letter A, Unincorporated .2951 891 > oo '" ) 55.8( 4 .891 Belfast, 4194 Belmont, Cambden, 1378 910 609 3005 Frankfort, 3603 Brooks, Burnliam, Freedom, Hope,.. 1153 1770 Islesborough, 778 Jackson, 652 Knox, .'. 897 Liberty, 895 Lincolnville, 2048 Monroe, 1602 Montville, 2153 Northport, 1207 Palermo, 1594 Prospect, 3492 Searsmont, 1374 Swansville, 919 Thorndike, 897 Trov, 1376 Unity, .....1467 Vinalhaven, 1950 Waldo Plantation,.. 721 41235 185 2939 . . A ppleton, 205 Maxfield, Mattamisconsis, Waldo, 1001 Hancock. Amherst, BJuehiil, Brooksville, Bucksport, Castine Cranberry Isle, Isle, 155 1054 Eiiswoth, 2267 502 Franklin, GoLildsborou.jh, ...1196 223 Greenfield, Hancock,.. ^ r. Orland, Otis, 29 ~) Penobscot, Sedge wick, Townships north > 147 Sullivan, of Einroln Surry ^ WcsthalfofTown-K ship No. 6, Township No. 7 ^ 3 30 45.705 Argyle, Bangor, (City) 527 8634 1188 Eastbrook Eden, Deer Mariaville, Mount Desert, ) 3015 238 455 2841 Dedham, Waltham, Swan Island, Township No. 760 275 1889 1418 88 1474 1922 650 857 232 284 33,... 34 21 ...37 " " 2,... 27 Plantation No. 1,....88 Strip North No. 1, ..23 '^ Penobscot. 149 196 1891 1246 Aurora, " �APPENDIX. Welmore 139 129 Plantation No. 7, 61 " 10, ....19 Trenton, lOGl Isle, Seaville, Bear Island, Beach Island, 11 8 Pickeringt's Island, ...14 Spruce Head, 12 Little Spruce Head, ..6 Butter Island, 8 Eagle �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. 8 Franklin. Aroostook. Avon, 827 442 522 Berlin, Carthage, Framingham, Amity, Belfast 169 Academy ' c ) Chesterville, 1098 Hodgden, Farmington, 2613 8J8 Houlton, Freeman, Industry, Jay, King-field, Madrid, New New Sharon, Vineyard Phillips, Salem, Township No. " " No. No. No. No. 1, 3d 3, 1st 2, 1st 3, 2d 249 2, ,., ) "^"^ \ 11, 311 ^^ i \ i 2198 46 i 3d Range Township No. 1, 2d Range,.... • 6 4 Bigelovv Township, . .37 Township Letter E,.. 77 " No. 2, 2d Range, 82 " No. 1.4th " 163 " " ^ Range, .... Township No. 1. ^^, 4th Range. ....\"^'^ Township No. 2, , 1045 Wilton, 3, 2d Range, " 4, 2d " " 4,1st " )'" 1st -.953 No. S" 2d Range, Linnens, Township No. 1, , •••i'* | ,„ i "^^ ' , ' | ^,, i "^' ' 3d Range,.... Orient (i ore, 68 Township No. 9, 50 Township No. 3, j,^ '"^^ 2d Range, Smyrna, 184 New Limerick, ....123 Letter A, 1st Range, 177 Williams Coll. Grant.85 Bridgewater Acad. Gr.51 \ " 52 " 7 " 9 " 216 ' i \ 20,800 2,5th Range,.. J No. 3,5th Range,... 100 " ; Range, Weston, Township No. „ ) 3d Range, 1109 Temple, Weld, 5, Township A, 2d 5(il Strong, 665 1597 Township No. 1035 1750 G71 3G8 1829 927 1312 ,.. 141 ) r^ t Cirant, 16 Westfield, 3 Letter A, 5th Range,. 15 No. 1, 5th Range, 22 Benedicta, or No. ; ^^^ '^^^ 4, " . . " ...'743 9,'' 48 '• " Nos. 7 and " a', No. 10, 5th .294 Range J ,.^ ^^^ or Masardis,.... i No. 11,5th Range,... 45 " 13,3d " ...66 " ...58 " ...96 Plymouth and Ea^„ ""^ ton Grant, Letter G, 2d " K, 2d ) i Letters H andJ.lst ,q, ^^* and 2d Range, ) Plymouth Grant, ...200 Letter G, 27 Fort Fairfield, or ) ^^ ^^ Letter D, No. 3, 6, and 7th ) .^ ^ j ^^ Ranges, j Madawaska, South ) ofSt.John'sRiver, I Madawaska,North ) .-q. ^^^* of St.John'sRiver, ^^-^ ^^^° ) 9;4l3 RECAPITULATION. York County, Penobscot, 54,023 Cumberland, ....68.660 Oxford, Lincoln, Kennebec, Waldo, Hancock, Washington, 38,339 63,512 55,804 Somerset, 45,705 41,535 28,646 28 ,.309 33,912 Piscataquis, Franklin, Aroostook, 13,138 20,800 9,413 501,796 NEW HAMPSHIRE. Rockingham. Atkinson, Brentwood, Candia, Chester, Danville, Deerfield, Derry, East Kingston, Epping, Exeter, Gosport, Greenland, Hampstead, j 567 888 1430 2173 538 1 953 2034 551 1234 2985 115 726 890 I j I ! I I I I I I Hampton, Hampton Falls, Kensington, Kingston, Londonderry, Newcastle Newington, New Market, Newtown, 1320 646 647 1032 1556 742 543 2746 541 626 428 1205 1408 525 1392 Rye, Salem, Sandown, Seabrook, South Hampton,.... 462 875 Stratham, ....926 Windham, North Hampton,... .885 Northwood, 1182 Nottingham, 1193 Plaislowe, Poplin, 7887 989 Portsmouth, Raymond, 45,790 Strafford. Harrington, ..1845 �APPENDIX. Dover, 6458 Northfield, Durham, 1498 Pembroke, Faiinington, 1 380 Pittsfield, Lee, 906 Madbury, 489 483 Salisbury, Sutton, Middleton, Milton New 1322 1032 2431 Duiham, Rochester, Somersvvorte, "22,248 Belknap. 2002 1945 Alton, Barnstead, Centre Harbor, 584 2472 Gilmanton, 3485 Meredith, 5314 IS'ew Hampton,.. .. 1812 Sandbornton; 2745 Gilford, 18,359 Carroll. Albany, 406 553 523 Brookiield, Chatham, Conway, 1811 Eaton, Effingham, 1710 1 95 Freedom, 926 Moultonborough, ..1752 Ossipee, 2170 Sandwich 2625 Tarn worth, 1716 Tuftonborough,. . . . 1281 Wakefield 1396 VVolfeborough, . ...1918 ! Bow Bradford, Canterbury, Chichester, Concord. Dunbarton, Epsom, ... Franklin, Henniker, Hooksett, Hopkinton, , 455 Hillsborough. Amherst, Antrim, 1565 1225 Bedford, 1549 Brooklme, 652 Deering, 1 124 Francestown, 1308 Goffstown, 2366 Greenfield 834 Hancock, 1345 Hillsborough, 18U8 Hollis, 1333 Hudson 1144 Litchfield, 481 Lyndeborough, ....1033 Manchester, 3235 Mason, ] 275 Merrimack, 1113 Milford, 1455 A.ount Vernon, 720 Nashua, 6054 New Boston, 1570 New Ipswich, 1578 Felham, 1033 Peterborough; 2i()3 Sharon, 251 Society Land, 133 Temple, 576 Weare, 2375 Windsor, Wilton, 177 1033 42,478 Alstead, Chesterfield, 1169 1965 1001 Fitzwilliam, 1.331 Gilsum, 1643 1 028 4903 950 1205 1281 1715 1175 Dublin . . 1454 1765 1075 1366 656 1755 863 2015 .4546 2065 26,430 Sullivan. Acworth, Charlestown, Claremont, 1450 1722 3217 Cornish, 172G 958 Croydon, Goshen, Grantham, Langdon, Lempster, Newport, 679 1034 615 941 1958 1552 1252 1218 Plaiiifield, Springfield, Unity, VV'ashington, Wendell, 1 10.3 ...795 20,318 Grafton. Alexandria, 1284 Bath Bethlehem, Bridgewater, 1591 Bristol, 779 747 1153 Campton, 1513 1576 Canaan, 413 Covcutjy, Dame's Gore, .... ...54 800 Danbury, 769 Dorchester, Ellsworth, .300 1514 Fnfield Franconia, Grafton, Groton, Hanover, Haverhill, Hebron, Hill, 52.3 1201 870 2613 2675 508 999 1528 957 Holderness, I andaff, Lincoln, Lisbon, 754 76 1682 Littleton, 1773 1141 1411 2611 831 Lebanon, Richmond, 626 836 1165 1496 Lyman, 1785 Lyme, Nash and Sawyer's ) .« Rindge, 1161 Location Orange, Hinsdale, Jaftrey, Keene Marlborough, Marlow, Nelson, 24M Roxbury Loudon, ..,., 1640 Newbury, ....,,. ...816 New London, ,,,,,1019 Westmoreland,. Winchester, 2159 1212 Cheshire. Merrimack. Boscawen, 1361 Swanzey, Troy, Walpole, 36,282 19,982 Allenstown, Andover, 1413 1336 1719 1332 2383 ^2021 Strafford, Warner, Wilmot; 9 Stoddard, Sullivan, Surry, 286 1006 496 ,481 Orford, 1 ) 463 1707 057 Piermont, 1 Plymouth, 128? �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. 10 Rumney, ] J Clarksville, Colebrook, Warren, 4 1045 938 Waterville, 1119 Wentworth, Woodstock, G2 472 1 Land, Thornton, States 42,215 ColleiTe Grant, Errol, 706 Cambridge, 116 5 Jackson, Carroll, 213 Jett'erson, Coos. 3 Columbia, 620 Crawford's Grant, ....9 Dalton, 664 Dummer, 57 Dixvilie, 4 Gorliam, Hart's Location, Hale's Location, Bartlett, Berlin, 88 743 Pittsburg, .-. 104 156 44 6 315 584 575 Kilkenny, Lancaster, Milan, 19 1316 386 Millsfieid, 12 JNorthumberland, ...399 Pinkham's Grant,. . . .39 Randolph, 115 Shelburne, 350 Stark, 349 Stewartstovvn, 630 Stratford 441 Whitefield, 751 Wentworth's Locat. 25 , 9,849 REtAPITULATION. Rockingham Co.. 45.790 Strafford, 22;248 Belknap, 18,35!) Carroll, 19,982 Merrimack, 36,282 Hillsborough, ...42,478 Cheshire, 26,430 Sullivan, 20,318 Grafton, Coos, 42,215 ...9,849 283,951 VERMONT. Bennington. Arlington, Bennington, Dorset, Glastenbury, Land grove, Manchester, Marlboro', 1035 3129 1432 53 3-1.5 Peru, 1590 578 Pownal, I(il3 Readsboro', Rupert, Sandgate, 1091 Searsboro', Shaftsbury, 120 1885 Stamford, Sunderland Woodford,'. Winhall,.. 767 777 662 437 457 576 i(),o/7 1027 1403 Newfane, Putney, 1.382 Rockingham, 2330 262 Somerset, Stratton, ' .341 Townshend, Vernon, Wardsboro" Westminster, Whitingham, Windiiam, Wilmington, , Acton, Athens, Brattleboro', Brookline, Dover, Dummerston, Guilford, Grafton, Halifax, Jamaica, Londonderry, 15-i6 Chittenden, Clarendon, 170 Danby .373 F'airhaven, Wells, 1296 Windsor. Andovor, Barnard, Baltimore 1403 2194 1769 644 1549 1379 Bethel,..'. Bridgewater, Cavendish Chester, ..' Hartland, Hartford, 2624 328 729 Hubbardston, 633 719 Ludlow, Norwich Ira, 4.30 Plymouth, 1263 2525 1326 1399 1586 1216 Middletown, Mendon , Mount Holly, Mount Tabor, Orwell, Pawlet, Pittsford, 545 1057 1356 226 1504 1748 1927 774 740 c'J.liJi 757 Rutland. Benson, Brandon, West Haven, 1391 27,431 Castieton, Windham. 1345 705 1 1 02 615 Poultney, 1880 Rutland, 2708 Sherburne, ........498 Shrewsbury, 1218 Sudbury, 796 Tinmouth, 781 Wallingford, 1608 Pittsfield, Ponifret, Reading, Rochester, Royalton, Sharon, Stockbridse, Springfield, 878 1774 J55 1886 1363 1427 2305 2341 2194 1363 2218 1417 1774 1363 1396 1917 1371 1419 2626 �APPENDIX. Weathersficld, ....2082 Weston, Windsor Woodstock, 10L52 2744 3315 40.359 11 Huntington, Hinesburgh, 914 1682 1684 2136 1054 1098 Jerico, Milton, Richmond, Shelburne, St. LTnderhill, Addison. Addison, Avery's Gore, 1229 78 1233 1480 1163 Bristol, Bridport, Cornwall, Ferrisburgh, 545 Goshen. Hancock, Lincoln 621 45,5 770 ^..(302 Middlebury 31G1 1310 1503 670 Monkton, IN'ewhaven Panton, Westford, , Ripton 3.57 Starksboro,' 1263 1675 942 1017 797 283 Shorehani, Salisbury , Vergennes, Weybridge, Waltham, VV'hitinir, 660 Williston, Fairlee, Newbury, Oranyfe. Randolph, 984 2o78 Strafford, 1761 Thetford, 20G5 Topsham, 1745 1811 1198 Tunbrid;,^c, Vershire, Washin:jton, West 1;359 Fairlee, 824 Williamstown, ....1620 27.873 Marshfield, Middlesex Montpelier, Moretown, Monroe, Northfield, Plainfield, Roxburv Waitsfield, Warren Waterbury, Worcester 4271 18 Colchester Charlotte, Essex, , 470 1739 1620 1824 Swanton, Sheldon 24.5.'^2 Orleans. Albany, Barton, BrowniniTton, Charleston, Coventry, Goshen Gore, by Plaintield, Lowell Morgan, Newport, Salem Goshen Gore, by Walden, ...... Groton, Hardwick, Harris Gore, Kirby, Lyndon, Newark, Peacham, Ryenrate, Sheffield, Johnsbury, Walden, Waterford, Wheelock, 431 422 591 299 856 Troy.. Westfield 370 Westmore, 2G33 ) 883 605 970 308 Jay, ..." 1440 Danville, 1151 1681 1119 Holland, Irasburgh, 2030 50 997 Burke, Cabot, 920 892 486 786 786 Craftsburv, Derbv...." Glover. Greensboro,' Caledonia. Sutton, Chittenden. Richford, St. Albans, 23.50G Barnet, Bradleyvale, 1014 1410 2106 2292 548 914 2702 2312 1734 Georgia Highgate, Montsi.mery, 2126 1598 1709 820 635 1156 1270 3725 1128 1C92 2013 880 784 1048 943 1992 587 Duxbury, Fayston 24/18 Fletcher, Franklin, 554 1919 Fairfield Washington. Barre, Berlin, Calais St. Burlington, Buel's Gore, Bolton, 1 2022 Fairfax 22.978 Okange. 1655 1232 1789 1959 1970 644 2579 Enosburgh, 1.352 "23,569 Bradford, Braintrce, Brookfield, Chelsea, Corinth. Berkshire, 35 1206 1818 Bakerstield, 131 1441 17.55 Granville^ Leicester, George, Franklin. Avery's Gore, Coventry Gore, ..44 122 10 13,634 ' ^ ) .142 ^ 928 1354 16 520 175.3 3(i0 1443 1223 821 1887 lOliS 913 1388 ...881 : Lamoille. 207 1790 Belvidere Cambridge Eden, Elmore Hydepark, Johnson ' Mansfield, Morristown, Stowe, Sterling Waterville, Wolcot, 702 476 1080 1410 223 1502 1371 193 610 ...824 10,388 JiSSEX. 21.891 Averill, Bloomfield, II 179 �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. 12 Brunswick, 130 157 378 1024 79 105 Brighton; Canaan, Concord, Easthaven, Granby, 470 124 Guildhall, Lemington, Lunenburgh, Maidstone, 271 140 ...28 Victory, Winlock, 4,226 Grand Isle, Isle La Mott, North Hero, 724 435 716 664 South HerO; 3,883 Grand Isle. 1344 Alburgh, 1130 RECAPITULATION. Bennington Co., .16,877 Windham, Chittenden, Washington, 27,431 Caledonia, 30,701 Franklin, 40,359 Orleans, 23,569 27,873 'Lamoille, Rutland, Windsor, Addison Orange,' 22,978 23,506 21,891 24,532 13,634 10,388 Essex, Grand Isle,. .4,226 .3,883 291,848 MASSACHUSETTS. Middlesex. Suffolk. Boston, Chelsea, 93,470 2390 "957860 Acton, Ashby Bedford, Billerica, Boxborough, Essex. Amesbury, 2471 Brighton, Burlington, Andover, 5207 Cambridge, Beverly, Boxford, Bradford, Danvers, Essex, ..4G89 941 2225 Carlisle, Georgetown, 1453 1540 Charlestown, Chelmsford, Concord, Dracut, Dunstable, Gloucester, 63()3 Framingham, 5020 Hamilton, 817 Haverhill, 43.37 Holliston, Ipswich, 3001 9375 701 1356 Hopkinton, Lexington, 5.575 Lowell, Lynn, Lynnfield, Manchester, Marblehead, Methuen, Middieton, Newbury, Newburyport, Rockport, Rowley, Salem, Salisbury, Saugus, Topsfield, Wenham, West Newbury, . 2251 657 3789 7161 2647 1203 15,083 2740 1098 1067 690 . . 1560 95,017 Groton, Lincoln, Littleton, Maiden, Marlborough, Medford, Townsend, 1121 1246 929 1632 426 1425 510 8409 556 11 483 1697 1784 2188 603 3034 2136 1782 2245 1642 686 937 20,816 Natick, 2514 2098 2478 1285 Newton, 3351 Pepperell, 1571 Reading, Sherburne, 2193 995 Shirley, 957 South Reading,..,. 1517 Stoneham, 1017 Stow, 1230 Sudbury, 1422 Tewksbury, *...•».. 906 1892 870 Tyngsborough, 2504 Waltham, 1810 Watertown, 998 Wayland, West Cambridge,.. 1363 Westford, Weston, Wilmington, Woburn, 1436 1092 859 ...2990 106,635 Worcester. Ashburnham, Athol, Auburn, Barre, Berlin, Bolton, Boylston, Brookfield, Charlton, Dana, Douglas, Dudley, Fitchburg, Gardner, Grafton, Hard wick, Harvard, Holden, Hubbardston, Lancaster, Leicester, 1652 1589 649 2751 763 1186 797 2472 2117 691 1618 1352 2604 1260 2940 1789 1579 1874 1784 2019 1707 2069 Leominster, Lunenburg, ....... 1272 �APPENDIX. Mendon, Hampden. 3524 1772 2163 752 Korthborough, ....1248 1448 Northbridge, North Brookfield,..1485 1038 Oakham, 1742 Oxford, 671 Paxton, 1775 Petersham, Phillipston, 918 1348 Princeton, 1667 Royalston, 1260 Rutland, Milford, Millbury, INew Braintree, Shrewsbury, Southborough^ 1481 145 2031 1604 1647 Sterling, 2005 Sturbridge, 2370 Sutton 1776 Templeton, 1466 Upton, 2004 Uxbridge, 1290 Warren, 1403 Webster, Westborough, 1655 West Boylston, ...1187 1645 Westminster, 1754 Winchendon, 7497 Worcester, 1 Southbridge, Spencer, 95,305 13 Blandford, Brimfield, Chester, Granville, Holland, 1425 1419 1627 1414 423 Longmeadow, 1270 Ludlow, 1267 Monson, 2151 Montgomery, 740 Palmer, 2139 Russell, 956 South wick, 1214 Springfield, 10,985 Tolland, 627 Wales, 686 \^ estfield, 3524 West Springfield,.. 3626 Wilbraham, ..1864 37,357 Charlemont, 1610 992 1081 1127 Coleraine, 1971 Conway, Shelburne, Shutesbury, Sunderland, 1410 1912 309 798 1758 978 897 875 632 282 1267 1305 1673 1502 703 1022 987 720 Warwick, 1071 Bernardston, Buckland, Deerfield, Erving, Gill, Greenfield, Hawley, Le verett, Amherst, Belchertown, 2551 Leyden, 2554 Chesterfield, 1132 1239 717 976 556 971 824 1816 932 1715 Monroe, Montague, Cummington, Easthampton, Enaeld, Goshen Granby Greenwich, Hadiev, Hatlield Middlefield, Northampton, Norwich, Pelham, Prescott South Hadley, 3750 750 956 905 780 1458 Southampton, 1 Plainfield, Ware, Westhampton, Williamsburg, Worthington, 159 1380 759 1308 1198 30,886 3761 1097 Sandisfield, 1464 Savoy, 915 Shetlield, 2322 Stockbridge, 1992 1477 Tvringham, Washington, 989 W. Stockbridge, ...1449 Williamstown, 2153 Windsor, 900 Pittsfield Richmond, Franklin. Ashfield, Heath, Hampshire. Great Barrington,..2704 Hancock, 922 Hinsdale, 957 Lanesborough, 1140 2428 Lee, Lenox, 1304 Mt. Washington, ...438 227 New Ashtbrd, New Marlborough,. 1682 Otis, 1177 576 Peru, New Salem, Northfield, Orange, Rowe, Wendell, Whately, 875 ...1069 41/?54 Norfolk. Bellingham, Braintree, Brookline, '. 1055 2168 Dedham, 1265 1995 1470 3291 Dorchester, Dover, 4875 520 Foxborough 1298 1717 883 Canton Cohasset, Franklin....' Medfield, Med way, Milton, 2043 1822 Needham, 1488 Quincy Randolph, Roxbury 3486 3213 9089 Sharon. Stoughton, 2142 Walpole, Weymoutli, .3738 '. Wrentham, 1076 1491 2915 53,040 2';,829 Plymouth. Berkshire. Adams, 3703 Alford 481 1342 65 Becket, Boston Corner, Cheshire Clarksburg, Dalton, Egremont, Florida, 44 985 370 1255 1038 441 Abington, Bridgewatcr Carver, 3514 Hingham, 3567 2131 995 Duxbury, 2798 Elast Bridgewater,. .1950 ....734 Halifax, Hanover, 1488 Hanson, 1040 Hull, 231 �14 Ni:\V ENGLAND GAZETTEER. Kingston, ]-]{() Freetown, rvJai'siitield, i7{iU Mansfield New Bedford, Norton, INIiddleborouijh, ...dV/oo N. Bndg'e water, ...2bi6 Pembroke, 1258 Plymouth, oiol Plynipton, Sol Rochester, 387,) Scituate, 3886 Ware li am, SOCi W, Bridgewater,...120l 47,38b 1772 1382 12,087 1545 Paw tucket, .2184 1329 2169 1996 1005 1489 Raynham, Rehoboth, Seekonk, Somerset, Swanzey, Taunton, Westport, Bristol. 3584 Dartmouth, 4142 Brewster, 1378 Chatham, 2074 3952 6738 Dennis Eastham, Fall River, 1974 Provincetown, Sandwich, Truro, 2122 3719 1920 2377 2554 VVellfleet, Yarmouth, 32,240 Duke's. Chilmark, Edgartown, Tisbury, 702 1736 1520 Barnstable. Attleborough, Berkley, Dighton, Easton, Fai- haven, 2589 2930 Orleans, 7645 2820 60.177 BSG Falmouth, Harwich, Barnstable, 4302 522 2334 2942 955 3,958 1 Nantucket. Nantucket, 9,051 RECAPITULATION. Suffolk Co Essex, Middlesex, Worcester, Hampshire, Hampden, 95,860 95,017 106,635 95,305 30,836 37,357 Franklin, Berkshire, Norfolk, Plymouth, Bristol, Barnstable, 28,829 41,754 53.040 47,386 60,177 32,240 Duke's County,.... 3958 Nantucket, 9051 737.43^ RHODE ISLAND. Providence. Middletown, N e wport, New Shoreham, 8333 ...1069 East Greenwich,... 1509 Warwick, 6726 West Greenwich, ..1416 13,084 891 Cranston, 1982 2902 Cumberland, 5224 Portsmouth, 1706 Foster, 2131 Tiverton, 3183 Burrilville, Gloucester, 2308 Johnson, 2477 North Providence.. 4207 Providence City,. 23, 172 Scituate, 4090 Smithfield, 9534 "58"',077 16,874 Washington. Charlestown, Bristol. Barrington, Bristol, Warren, 549 3490 2438 ^477 1776 Hopkinton 1726 North Kingston, ...2909 Richmond, 1361 South Kingston, . . .3718 Westerley, 1912 Newport. Jamestown, 365 Little Compton, ...1327 14,325 Kent. Coventry, 923 Exeter, 3433 RECAPITULATION. Bristol, Newport, 6,477 16,874 Kent, Providence, 13,084 58,077 Washington, 14,325 108,837 �. APPENDIX. 15 CONNECTICUT. Hartford. Avon, 1001 Berlin, Bloomfield, Bristol, Burlington, Canton East Hartford, East Windsor, Enfield, Farmington, Glastenbury, Granby, Hartford City, Hartford except Hartland, Manchester, Marlborough, Simsbury, Southington, Suffield, Wethersneld, Windsor, 3411 986 2109 1202 1735 2389 3600 2648 2041 3077 2609 9468 Cit.3325 1060 1695 713 1895 1887 2669 3824 ..2283 55,627 Griswold, Groton, 2166 2963 2195 Lebanon, Ledyard, 1871 1052 Lisbon, Lyme, 2856 Montville, 1990 New London, 5517 North Stonington,.2270 Norwich City, 4200 Norwich except ) onqn ^..M6J City, Preston, 1727 809 3898 2329 Salem, Stonington, Waterford, 44,458 CUy, :. N&vv Haven. Bethany, ,r,-r 5^2,6 12.^5 Danbury, 4503 1080 3654 Fairfield, 1171 1323 1529 Branford, Cheshire, 3294 ) Brookfield, Darien, Greenwich, Huntington, 3054 28,057 Litchfield. Barkhamstead, ....1573 Bethlem, 776 Canaan, 2166 Colebrook, 1234 Cornwell, 1703 Goshen, 1629 Harwinton, 1201 Kent, 1759 Litchfield, 4038 New New Hartford, Milford, 1708 3974 .Norfolk, 1393 Plymouth, Roxbury, 2205 971 2551 2407 1707 873 1622 1442 1666 1947 Salisbury, Fairfield. Bridgport City, Bridgport except Woodstock, 3921 1328 1355 >haron, Torrington, Warren, Washington, Watertown, Winchester, Woodbury, 40.445 Middlesex, Derby East Haven, 2852 Monroe, JNew Canaan, 1382 New Guilford, Hamden, 2390 1797 Newtown, Nor walk, Madison, Meriden, Middlebury, 1788 1880 761 Redding, Pudsefield, Sherman, 9.38 Milford, 2455 Stamford, Middlelown Middletown Weston, 3516 1808 1205 2561 West 1802 Westbrook, New Haven City, 12,960 "New Haven except Citv.. ..1430 . North Branford, ...1016 North Haven, 1349 Orange, Oxford, 1329 1625 548 1542 2255 3668 633 958 Prospect, Soutnbury, Wallingford, Waterbury, Wolcott Woodbridge, 48,641 Fairfield, Stratford, Trumbull, Port, Wilton, Bozrah, Colchester, East Lyme, Franklin, Durham, 1095 East Haddam, 2625 2598 Haddam, 1136 Killingworth, City,. .3511 ex- cept City, Savbrook, ) ncnn 3 3417 1182 24,883 Tolland. Ashford, Brooklyn, Canterbury, Chaplain, Hampton, Pomfret, 1063 2101 1412 1000 3413 974 1239 Chester, Clinton, 2057 Bolton, Windham. Plainfieid, London. Chatham, 49,933 Kiliinvglv, New 2217 956 3189 3869 1675 2474 2651 1478 1777 794 1 165 3685 2384 Sterling, 18G8 1099 Thompson, 3535 Voluntown, 1186 338i Windham, Columbia, Coventry, Ellington, Hebron, Mansfield, Someis, Stafford, Tolland, Union, Vernon, Wellington, 742 841 2017 1356 1721 2276 1621 2469 1566 667 1435 ..1268 17,979 �NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER. 16 RECAPITULATION. Hartford Co 55,627 New Haven, 48,641 New London,.... 44,458 Fairfield, 49,933 Windham, Litchfield, Middlesex, 28,057 40,445 24,883 Tolland,. .17,979 310,023 RECAPITULATION OF STATES. Maine, Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, 501,796 New Rhode 283,951 29 1 ,848 737,495 Island, 108,837 Connecticut, 310,023 Total Population of E New England 90? in 1840,.. 2,233 ,950 ��1 i ��I ��LIBRARY OF CONGRESS D0E37'^3bb0 ^'mm 'il' >'JJ ii»' iiJ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Books, Booklets, Ledgers, & Diaries Digital File Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource New England Gazetteer 1841 Description An account of the resource The New England Gazetteer contains descriptions of all the states, counties and towns in New England from the period. It also describes principal features such as mountains, lakes, rivers, capes, bays, harbors, islands, and resorts or notable places. Notable persons are also described. Information on Farmington, NH is located on page 158. This is a digital file and does not exist in the physical collection. RKL-FHS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource John Hayward Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 14th edition Concord NH Israel S. Boyd and William White Boston John Hayward Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1830s-1840s Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1839-1841 Date Copyrighted Date of copyright. 1839-1841 Farmington NH information New England people places records Strafford County https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/3cd4aabae525cf919dfd3aa8887b1fc8.jpg?Expires=1784764800&Signature=mu8oMc%7E68Bv77H1okt1uZHkAbCslZv6TGuRIOQa3moUlprmgcJkgADm1cdgL-woMpo9dg0yy7CAVYnWxeKNy15w36kw-R9Lj0xgWzNTYAvVsajmHuaeGTJddvoU9dtToHacT%7Es27Wsf6LVpw7YFKsjXiqYEixdEYNzwwoDG03h4g7peeMtFxBRFiNlo0HpF2GLa1LKHNhLoGk9QR%7EB8zZHDw2kY2wW2KRZGwMDDL1sDV0PNhJUggywKSwh9MpYa61t7lsgirdrERoBWNr%7EDbjGwNd2PbcARAq6QX6335auAlZh%7EL1Gy8r9hvcU-puEAJMLcoPO8jCOuVT5%7EuIzMHyA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 009d7573012eab3ef7d98185eb154f02 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/12165/archive/files/2bb8c7af3a2910cdcb3937c8424fc3e3.pdf?Expires=1784764800&Signature=gW-F47yTEOpSgYi8hTJMvMhe-v50ylm3LkdxmiwFw9yu7Jv1n4BFAM8a7h-Va0Kn9kkBToTxfBmJMXnh0KeJPSyiRqZxRzOawJLZOjK8aD0h%7E2EZYBuxxdcsA4GZ6GeT3f6yV325xLQ2YtMOUkoqdCZGQLX%7E7jdLalfVwawENlpbPyJlBQcfvt0jfs1huo1x5TKdWKDqou00kHGwpiB64wPMPZinyTgLDhARSF3hK%7E82sGpZcoveW6UmzLLNlH14wOP2G7xcSFtSMM8Vaqh8sYu1NXqVRJZvAoayG%7EFQPSGbJldyrUA9ET3NaEeYjB4t%7E1MCTBu8uZmFg7%7Eyxx4fdw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e18646f749f0735bef9fe4ec3aef3c35 PDF Text Text ---EARLY HISTORY OF FARMINGTON, STRAFFORD COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE--THIS INFORMATION (PDF FILE) IS LOCATED ON THE WEB SITE: “HISTORY & GENEALOGY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AT SEARCHROOTS” located at http://www.nh.searchroots.com/strafford.html Web Site Owners: PLEASE DO NOT LINK DIRECTLY TO THIS FILE, and use my bandwidth. INSTEAD LINK TO MY WEB SITE AT: http://www.nh.searchroots.com/strafford.html#Farmington THIS WEB SITE AND ITS CONTENTS, INCLUDING THIS FILE, ARE PROTECTED UNDER COPYRIGHT LAWS. Janice A. Brown / Copyright © 2004-2013 / ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. VARIOUS SOURCES LISTED BELOW =================================== From: Gazetteer of the state of New Hampshire, by Eliphalet Merrill, Exeter, C. Norris & Co., 1817 [Excerpts] page 131 FARMINGTON in Strafford county was formerly a part of Rochester. It was incorporated in 1722 and in 1810 contained 1272 inhabitants; bounded N.E. by Milton, S.E. by Rochester, S.W. by New Durham, comprising 20,811 acres. Cochecho river flows through the N.E. part of this town, and the Frost mountains extend through it from N. to S. From the summit of this ridge, called Mount Washington, the seacoast and a large part of the state may be seen. There is in this town a handsome meeting-house, several mills, and trading stores. ========================= From: The Statistics & Gazetteer of New Hampshire, compiled by Alonzo J. Fogg, Concord NH, D.L. Guernsey, 1875 page 156 Farmington--Strafford County. The surface of this town is broken and rugged, but the soil when properly cultivated yields fine crops. RIVERS. The Cocheco River passes through the north-east part of the town affording some interval lands along its banks. MOUNTAINS. Blue Hill, or Frost Mountain, extends in a north and south direction nearly through the town. Mount Washington, Mount Monadnock, and hundreds of less elevations, together with ships in Portsmouth Harbor, can be seen from its summit, in a clear day. VILLAGE. About one mile north-west from what is called the Dock, is Farmington village. The inhabitants are extensively engaged in the manufacture of men and women's boys and youths boots, brogans and shoes--the number of pairs made exceeding that of any town in the States. There are 13 manufactories with a capital of $500,000 which employ nearly 1000 males and females, who annually receive for their labor about $300,000 and produce 1,300,000 pairs of boots, shoes &c valued at $1,700,000. Part of these shoes are bottoms in the adjoining towns. There are two banks, three church edifices, one large high school building, twenty-five or thirty stores of all kinds, one job printing office, two hotels, three livery stables, post office, express and telegraph office, three lawyers, three physicians officers, one dentist's office and about three hundred dwelling houses. It is a very pleasant and busy villag, and as idleness is a stranger in this place, so is poverty. EMPLOYMENT: Manufacturing and mercantile trade are the principal employments of the �inhabitants, although there are some very nice farms, and good farmers in the town. RESOURCES: production of the soil, $48,498; mechanical labor, $504,000; stocks and bonds, $10,900; money at invterest $6,500; deposits in savings banks $143,635; stock in tade $55,300; professional business $10,000 CHURCHES and SCHOOLS: Congregational, Rev. J. Smith, pastor; Freewill Baptist, Rev. G.W. Park, pastor; Methodist, Elder Tebbets pastor; Advent, Rev. J. Smith pastor. There are fourteen school districts and eighteen schools in town. Average length of schools for the year, twenty-four weeks. LITERARY INSTITUTION. Farmingotn High School, E.J. Goodwin Principal--School Fund $3,000 HOTELS & EATING HOUSES: Elm House, Mechanics Hotel; and Bickett and Wedgewood Eating Houses. FIRST SETTLEMENT: Farmington was originally part of Rochester, but was incorporated as a district town December 1798. FIRST MINISTER Rev. james Walker, Congregationalist, 1818. BOUNDARIES: North by New Durham and Milton, east by Milton, State of Maine and Rochester, south by Rochester and Strafford and west by Strafford and New-Durham. Area, 21,000 acres; improved lands 5,449 acres. DISTANCES: Thirty-five miles north-east from Concord and eighteen north-west of Dover. RAILROADS: Cocheco Railroad passes through this town in a north-westerly and south-easterly direction. ============================== From: History of Rockingham and Strafford counties, New Hampshire : with biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men - Hurd, D. Hamilton, Philadelphia 1882 FARMINGTON: (page 488 ) The early history of Farmington will be found principally in the history of Rochester, of which this town originally formed a part. The early record history, Revolutionary, names of early settlers, etc are incorporated in the history of that mother-town. Among the first who settled in this section were Benjamin, Samuel and Richard Furber, Samuel Jones, Benjamin Chesley and Paul Demeritt, who located near Merrill's Corners from 1770 to 1783. On the Ten-Rod road Joseph and Levi Leighton were located; on Chestnut Hill, Moses Horne, Caleb Varney, Judge Wingate, and others in various parts of the town. Among the men from this town who have held public positions in the state and United States legislative halls, now deceased are Nehamiah Eastman, Esq. who held a distinguished position at the bar for many years. He was elected State Senator and also a member of the Nineteenth Congress... Dr. Joseph Hammond was a member of the State Legislature and also of the 21st and 22nd Congress. George I Whitehouse was a deputy sheriff for 6 years, a judge of the court of common pleas for the county of Strafford for 14 years and also a member of the House of Representatives. Judge Whitehouse has also been extensively engaged in railroad surveys in this and other counties. Jeremiah Dame, John D. Lyman, George M. Herring and Alonzo Nute were members of the State Senate; Thomas T. Edgerly and Josiah B. Edgerly were registers of deeds. Jeremiah Jones was the first man born in the town who was elected to the State Legislature. The late Henry Wilson, United states Senator from Massachusetts was born on a farm about two miles south of Farmington village. The first meeting house was built on Robert's hill about two miles south of Farmington Village. The first schoolhouse was built at Merrill's Corners in the southern part of the town about the year �1791. http://archive.org/stream/historyofstraffo00lcscal#page/488/mode/2up EARLY MERCHANTS--One of the first merchants in Farmington was Jonas C. March who came here from Portsmouth about the year 1780, and also built a store in what is now the lower end of the village, on premises now owend by G.N. Eastman. Mr. March subsquently removed to Rochester and was succeeded as the "trader" of the town by John Googin, whose stock in trade consisted chiefly of molasses, tea, spcieberries, pepper-corns, tobacco, rum, etc.. . . In 1830 Nehemiah Eastman was the lawyer here, and Joseph Hammond the doctor. Peter and Levi Pearl were at the head of the militia and J.H. Edgerly called the roll of names among whom were the Nutes, Burnham and Isaac, George R. Dame, Samuel Bunker, Hiram French, etc. At that time "Jerry" Wingate was postmaster. How Famington Dock was named [see original document]. The village of Farmington is situated on what was formerly known as the "Old John Ham farm." The first dwelling was a log house, occupied by one Berry. The first frame house was erected in 1781 or 1782 by John Roberts, and here he reared a numerous family. The second frame home was built by Jonas C. March previous to 1792. The town of Farmington was incorporated 1 December 1798, the notification for the town dated Feb 23, 1799 and signed by Aaron Wingate. The first town meeting has held 11 March 1799 at the house of Simon Dame, when the following officers were chosen: Moderator, Aaron Wingate; town clerk, Jonas C. March; selectmen Ichabod Hayes, Ephraim Kimball and David Roberts; auditors, Capt. Samuel Furbur and James Roberts; assessors Thomas Canney and paul Demeritt; surveyors of highways, James Roberts, James Leighton, Joseph Thompson Jr., Paul Demerett, Benjamin Furber, Joseph Emerson, Daniel Canney, Jonathan French , Edward Knight, Samuel Jones Jr., Thomas Davis, John Downs, and George Leighton; surveyors of lumber, Jonathan French and David French; hogreeves, Richard Furbur, Joseph Holmes, Aaron Wingate, Jonas C. March, Ephraim Perkins, John Murray, Ichabod Pearl, Ichagod Hayes, and Paul Demerit; tithingmen, Edward Varney, Anthony Peavey, James Nutter, Ezekiel Ricker, Samuel Varney, Alexander Berry and Richard Rundlet; fence-viewers, John Walker, Ezekiel Ricker, Joseph Holmes, Elijah Meder, and David French; field-drovers, James French, Benjamin Runnals, Joseph Thompson Jr., Moses Whitehouse, Paul Twombly, Moses Varney and Samuel Drowne. The "constable birth" was bid off by Ensign Samuel Knowles for twenty-one dollars and twenty-five cents. At the meeting John Taylor Gilman received one hundred and thirty-tree votes for Governor. Richard Furbur was the town's first representative to the General Court. In 1799 licenses to retail "foreign distilled spiritous liquors" was granted to the following persons: Joseph Holmes, Lakeman & Marsh, Benjamin Runnals and Eleazear Pearl. The following tavern licenses were granted: Joseph Holmes, Col. Richard Furbur, Samuel Knowles, Edward Knight and Ephraim Perkins. page 492 Ecclesiastical History The Congregational Church in Farmington Sept 15, 1819 with the following members, Benjamin Furber, Peter Akerman, Noah Ham, Mary Furber, Muhitable Hayes, Mary Furber, Elizabeth Roberts. [more info in original document] The Free Will Baptist Society was organized Oct 21, 1854. A church was organized inside the society or parish Nov 8 of the same year with a membership of thirteen, five men and eight women. [more info in original document] FARMINGTON'S SHOE MANUFACTURES In 1836 Elijah H. Badger came to Farmington and commenced the manufacture of shoes, known at that time as Natick Sale work, that place being then the banner town in the country for the manufacture of this peculiar grade of goods, brogans. He continued in this business about one year, and then became financially embarrassed, and left town not to reutn again. About this time �Martin L. Hayes commenced in a small way in the manufacture of shoes.... About 1838 or 1848 George M. herring started in the shoe business here...Mr. J.F. Roberts, was the next to open a shoe shop in the village. He was succeeded by two brothers, George E. and Henry L. Roberts. Messrs Alonzo and J.O. Nute commenced business. Others identified in the business of the town were Luther Wentowrth, H.B. Edgerley and Israel Hays. [additional manufactures and businessmen in the original document] http://archive.org/stream/historyofstraffo00lcscal#page/494/mode/2up FARMINGTON NH IN THE WARS http://archive.org/stream/historyofstraffo00lcscal#page/498/mode/2up Farmington supplied 234 men in all departments of the service during the Civil war. Some men held high positions, Louise Bell, capt. of Co. A, First Regiment, later promoted to colonel, killed Jan 15, 1855; Alonzo Nute, quartermaster of the Sixth Regiment; Rev. Daniel Poor Cilley, chaplain of Eighth Regiment; Albert W. Hayes, second lieutenant, Sixth Regiment, promoted to captain in 1862; Ralph Carlton, captain Co. I, Third Regiment; Henry A. Flint, first lieutenant Co. F, Second Regiment. Captain Carlton was killed July 17, 1862; the Grand Army Post of Farmington was named in honor of his brave career. A fine soldiers monument has been erected on one of the most valuable lots in the village, the gift of Mr. james Bartlett Edgerly, a descendant of Col. Thomas Tash and of Col. John Waldron of the Revolution, who is a member of the Carlton post. The Woman's Relief Corps did a large amount of work in raising funds to procure the monument. The noble stature that surmounts the monument was modeled from a brother of Seth Low, who was mayor of New York several years ago. The figure very appropriately faces southward, as Farmington men faced and helped conquer the great rebellion. As Farming was simply the Northwest Parish of Rochester during the American Revolution, the wawr record of its citizens is given in the history of that town, but in the lesser wars of the nineteenth century were: C.B. Roberts, Timothy Davis, J.G. Watson, G.L. Whitehouse, Asa and Jeremiah Willey, whose graves are honored on Memorial Day by the Grand Army veterans. Farmington has many fine buildings...the ... opera house was opened in 1881 with Sol Smith Russell as the great attraction; since then its walls have echoed to the notes of many famous people among them, Mr. Blaisdell of Concord, Camelia Urso, Walter Emerson, Emil Lubliny, Miss Hall, the Fiske jubilee singers, and excellent orchestra from time to time. Mr. Tompkins of the Boston theatre sent some of his best companies... of FRATERNAL ORGANIZATIONS, Free Masons, Odd Fellows, Knight of Pythias, Improved Order of Red Men and others. In view of the immense amount of good work auxiliary to the church and state and to the fraternal societies, special mention in terms of unqualified praise is due to several organizations of Farmington weoman; among number are: Mrs. Adelaid Cilley Waldron, Mrs. L.H. Plamer, Mrs. L.A. Small, Mrs. Knox and Mrs. Thayer of lodges, and Mrs. C.W. Talpey, Mrs. J.F. Cloutman, Mrs. A.W. Shackford, Mrs. E.F. Eastman and Mrs. Larson A. Fernald of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and societies auxiliary to religious bodies. The Farmington Savings Bank was chartered in June 1868 [additional info in original document] NOTED MEN OF FORMER GENERATIONS The State of New Hampshire has furnished one President of the United States, Franklin Pierce and one Vice-President, Henry Wilson, both in the same generation; one of Concord, the other of Farmington.... He (Henry Wilson) was born Feb 16,1812 in Farmington NH; he died Nov 22, 1875 in Washington DC. His birth name was Jeremiah Jones Colbath, but after he became of age he had the Massachusetts Legislature change it to Henry Wilson (why the change was made is not known); when he was ten years old his parents being very poor he was apprenticed to a farmer in Farmington to "serve his time" as was the old custom in New England. It took eleven years to �finish that contract, which terminated Feb 16, 1833. During the time he was allowed to attend the winter school in that district, about six weeks, each winter, a little over a year in the whole time, but he made good use of it in reading, writing and ciphering.... [more biography in the original document] http://archive.org/stream/historyofstraffo00lcscal#page/502/mode/2up OTHER BIOGRAPHIES: Judge George L. Whitehouse, John F. Cloutman, Hon. Alonzo Nute, Dr. David Taylor Parker. ************************** Historical Sketch of Farmington NH from The Leading business men of Dover, Rochester, Farmington, Great Falls and Berwick, illustrated, Bacon, George F. (George Fox), 1890, Boston, Mercantile Publishing Company - Internet Archive http://archive.org/stream/leadingbusinessm00bacon#page/68/mode/2up Leading Businessmen of Farmington include: Sanitine Remedy Company (Proprietors of Blake's Vegetable Remedy for Constipation and other items); A.F. & H.C. Waldron, Carleton & Bennett, George W. Bailey, Blake's Pharmacy, D.E. Edgerly Dry and Fancy Goods, Groceries and Provisions; F.J. Hanson manufacturer of Boot and Shoe Heels; J.M. Berry & Co. manufacturers of Men and Boys Shoes; J.F. Safford, Watches and Jewelry, Silver Ware etc.; J.E. Fernald & Son Publishers and Proprietors of the Farmington News; H.W. Roberts & Co., Steam Grist Mill; A.E. Carter & Co. Furniture Dealers, Curtains, Carpet and Bedding; J.P. Tibbitts Furnishing Undertaker Carriage and Sleigh Manufacturer; Thomas Pride & Son, Granite Works; C.H. Pitman, Book, Card and Job Printer; Wallace, Elliot & Co., manufacturers of Ladies' Misses and Children's Fine Boots; George W. Lane, Jeweler; Wilson House, E.T. Cotton, Proprietor; Amasa W. Shackford Photographer; Farmington Savings Bank; Roberts & Peavey Druggiests and Stationers; John H. Barker & Co. dealers in General Merchandise; L.S. Flanders & Son, manufacturers of Lasts and Sole Patterns; E.T. Wilson, dealer in Groceries, Flour, Grain, Crockery, Paints and Oils, Shoe Findings and Hardware; A. Nute & Sons manufactures of Men's Shoes; Mrs. L.A. Small Millinery and Fancy Goods; Dr. J.E. Nichols Dentist; Frank E. Farwell market; Strafford House, Frank H. McAlpine; Frank Pearl dealer in Choice Family Groceries Dry and Fancy Goods; J. Wesley Locke Livery and Sale Stable; I. Hayes & Sons Shoe Manufacturers; W.F. Thayer dealer in Stoves, Tinware, Pumps, Lead, Pipe, Kitchen Furnishing Goods; J.E. Fernald dealer in Groceries, Harware, Findings, Paints, Oils, Glass, Books, Stationary, etc.; F.E. Mooney dealer in Coal and Wood; Charles H. Berry, Fruit, Confectionery; G.A. Jones & Co., Furniture, carpets and room paper; P.M. Frost, Dry and Fancy Goods; W.A. Elliott, Ice Cream, Fruit, Confections; M.W. Small, dealer in Groceries, Grain, Crockery, Glas-ware and Farming Tools; H.P. Hall & Co., Druggists and Stationers; C.W. Jenness, manufacturer of Wood and Paper Boxes, Job Sawing, Planing and Mill Work. ******************************** Source: (end) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Books, Booklets, Ledgers, & Diaries Digital File Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1914 Edition History Of Strafford County New Hampshire & Representative Citizens Description An account of the resource History Of Strafford County New Hampshire and Representative Citizens By John Scales. Farmington information is located on pages 488-491. This is a digital file and does not exist in the physical collection. RKL-FHS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource John Scales Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Published by Richmond-Arnold Publishing Company Chicago IL Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1914 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource By John Scales Editor Dover Daily Democrat Published by Richmond-Arnold Publishing Company Chicago IL book Farmington NH information people records Strafford County written history